[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163546},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method":3,"nav-reference":1739},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1732,"extension":1733,"meta":1734,"navigation":248,"path":1735,"seo":1736,"stem":1737,"__hash__":1738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1699},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,45,120,130,138,143,146,162,175,179,182,198,201,212,215,283,287,290,355,358,377,380,393,396,443,447,454,457,460,528,540,628,632,637,640,654,657,746,749,810,822,880,884,891,897,904,948,951,998,1002,1007,1015,1018,1050,1053,1056,1088,1092,1095,1097,1137,1139,1182,1189,1194,1196,1227,1233,1236,1288,1292,1295,1371,1384,1387,1444,1452,1458,1466,1472,1481,1488,1506,1508,1564,1574,1578,1585,1588,1594,1600,1607,1610,1617,1623,1632,1640,1644,1695],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-lower-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"lower()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,27,28],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,31,32,36,39,42],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,37,38],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,40,41],{},"clean up user input",[33,43,44],{},"make simple text matching easier",[46,47,52],"pre",{"className":48,"code":49,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n","python","",[15,53,54,78,100],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56,59,63,67,71,75],"span",{"class":57,"line":58},"line",1,[55,60,62],{"class":61},"su5hD","text ",[55,64,66],{"class":65},"smGrS","=",[55,68,70],{"class":69},"sjJ54"," \"",[55,72,74],{"class":73},"s_sjI","Hello WORLD",[55,76,77],{"class":69},"\"\n",[55,79,81,84,86,89,93,97],{"class":57,"line":80},2,[55,82,83],{"class":61},"result ",[55,85,66],{"class":65},[55,87,88],{"class":61}," text",[55,90,92],{"class":91},"sP7_E",".",[55,94,96],{"class":95},"slqww","lower",[55,98,99],{"class":91},"()\n",[55,101,103,107,110,113,116],{"class":57,"line":102},3,[55,104,106],{"class":105},"sptTA","print",[55,108,109],{"class":91},"(",[55,111,112],{"class":95},"result",[55,114,115],{"class":91},")",[55,117,119],{"class":118},"sutJx","  # hello world\n",[20,121,122,126,127,129],{},[123,124,125],"strong",{},"Important:"," ",[15,128,17],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[131,132,134,135,137],"h2",{"id":133},"what-lower-does","What ",[15,136,17],{}," does",[20,139,140,142],{},[15,141,17],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,144,145],{},"Key points:",[30,147,148,153,156,159],{},[33,149,150,152],{},[15,151,17],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,154,155],{},"It works on string objects",[33,157,158],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,160,161],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,163,164,165,170,171,92],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[166,167,169],"a",{"href":168},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[166,172,174],{"href":173},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[131,176,178],{"id":177},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,180,181],{},"The syntax is:",[46,183,185],{"className":48,"code":184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.lower()\n",[15,186,187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,188,189,192,194,196],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,190,191],{"class":61},"string",[55,193,92],{"class":91},[55,195,96],{"class":95},[55,197,99],{"class":91},[20,199,200],{},"Important details:",[30,202,203,206,209],{},[33,204,205],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,207,208],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,210,211],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,213,214],{},"Example:",[46,216,218],{"className":48,"code":217,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,219,220,244,250,264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,221,222,224,226,229,232,234,236,238,241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,223,106],{"class":105},[55,225,109],{"class":91},[55,227,228],{"class":69},"\"",[55,230,231],{"class":73},"HELLO",[55,233,228],{"class":69},[55,235,92],{"class":91},[55,237,96],{"class":95},[55,239,240],{"class":91},"())",[55,242,243],{"class":118},"  # hello\n",[55,245,246],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,247,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},true,"\n",[55,251,252,255,257,259,262],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,253,254],{"class":61},"name ",[55,256,66],{"class":65},[55,258,70],{"class":69},[55,260,261],{"class":73},"PyThOn",[55,263,77],{"class":69},[55,265,267,269,271,274,276,278,280],{"class":57,"line":266},4,[55,268,106],{"class":105},[55,270,109],{"class":91},[55,272,273],{"class":95},"name",[55,275,92],{"class":91},[55,277,96],{"class":95},[55,279,240],{"class":91},[55,281,282],{"class":118},"  # python\n",[131,284,286],{"id":285},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,288,289],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[46,291,293],{"className":48,"code":292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,294,295,307,311,326,330,343],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,296,297,299,301,303,305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,298,62],{"class":61},[55,300,66],{"class":65},[55,302,70],{"class":69},[55,304,74],{"class":73},[55,306,77],{"class":69},[55,308,309],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,310,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,312,313,316,318,320,322,324],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,314,315],{"class":61},"lower_text ",[55,317,66],{"class":65},[55,319,88],{"class":61},[55,321,92],{"class":91},[55,323,96],{"class":95},[55,325,99],{"class":91},[55,327,328],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,329,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,331,333,335,337,340],{"class":57,"line":332},5,[55,334,106],{"class":105},[55,336,109],{"class":91},[55,338,339],{"class":95},"lower_text",[55,341,342],{"class":91},")\n",[55,344,346,348,350,353],{"class":57,"line":345},6,[55,347,106],{"class":105},[55,349,109],{"class":91},[55,351,352],{"class":95},"text",[55,354,342],{"class":91},[20,356,357],{},"Output:",[46,359,361],{"className":48,"code":360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,362,363,368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,364,365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,366,367],{"class":61},"hello world\n",[55,369,370,373],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,371,372],{"class":61},"Hello ",[55,374,376],{"class":375},"s_hVV","WORLD\n",[20,378,379],{},"This shows two things:",[30,381,382,387],{},[33,383,384,386],{},[15,385,17],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,388,389,390,392],{},"the original ",[15,391,352],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,394,395],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[46,397,399],{"className":48,"code":398,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,400,401,413,427,431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,402,403,405,407,409,411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,404,62],{"class":61},[55,406,66],{"class":65},[55,408,70],{"class":69},[55,410,74],{"class":73},[55,412,77],{"class":69},[55,414,415,417,419,421,423,425],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,416,62],{"class":61},[55,418,66],{"class":65},[55,420,88],{"class":61},[55,422,92],{"class":91},[55,424,96],{"class":95},[55,426,99],{"class":91},[55,428,429],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,430,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,432,433,435,437,439,441],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,434,106],{"class":105},[55,436,109],{"class":91},[55,438,352],{"class":95},[55,440,115],{"class":91},[55,442,119],{"class":118},[131,444,446],{"id":445},"return-value","Return value",[20,448,449,451,452,92],{},[15,450,17],{}," returns a ",[123,453,191],{},[20,455,456],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,458,459],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[46,461,463],{"className":48,"code":462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,464,465,479,483,512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,466,467,470,472,474,477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,468,469],{"class":61},"answer ",[55,471,66],{"class":65},[55,473,70],{"class":69},[55,475,476],{"class":73},"YES",[55,478,77],{"class":69},[55,480,481],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,482,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,484,485,489,492,494,496,499,502,504,507,509],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,486,488],{"class":487},"sVHd0","if",[55,490,491],{"class":61}," answer",[55,493,92],{"class":91},[55,495,96],{"class":95},[55,497,498],{"class":91},"()",[55,500,501],{"class":65}," ==",[55,503,70],{"class":69},[55,505,506],{"class":73},"yes",[55,508,228],{"class":69},[55,510,511],{"class":91},":\n",[55,513,514,517,519,521,524,526],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,515,516],{"class":105},"    print",[55,518,109],{"class":91},[55,520,228],{"class":69},[55,522,523],{"class":73},"Correct",[55,525,228],{"class":69},[55,527,342],{"class":91},[20,529,530,531,539],{},"This is especially useful with ",[166,532,534,535,538],{"href":533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F","the ",[15,536,537],{},"input()"," function",":",[46,541,543],{"className":48,"code":542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,544,545,565,569,591,606,613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,546,547,549,551,554,556,558,561,563],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,548,469],{"class":61},[55,550,66],{"class":65},[55,552,553],{"class":105}," input",[55,555,109],{"class":91},[55,557,228],{"class":69},[55,559,560],{"class":73},"Type yes or no: ",[55,562,228],{"class":69},[55,564,342],{"class":91},[55,566,567],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,568,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,570,571,573,575,577,579,581,583,585,587,589],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,572,488],{"class":487},[55,574,491],{"class":61},[55,576,92],{"class":91},[55,578,96],{"class":95},[55,580,498],{"class":91},[55,582,501],{"class":65},[55,584,70],{"class":69},[55,586,506],{"class":73},[55,588,228],{"class":69},[55,590,511],{"class":91},[55,592,593,595,597,599,602,604],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,594,516],{"class":105},[55,596,109],{"class":91},[55,598,228],{"class":69},[55,600,601],{"class":73},"You typed yes",[55,603,228],{"class":69},[55,605,342],{"class":91},[55,607,608,611],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,609,610],{"class":487},"else",[55,612,511],{"class":91},[55,614,615,617,619,621,624,626],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,616,516],{"class":105},[55,618,109],{"class":91},[55,620,228],{"class":69},[55,622,623],{"class":73},"You typed something else",[55,625,228],{"class":69},[55,627,342],{"class":91},[131,629,631],{"id":630},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,633,634,636],{},[15,635,17],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,638,639],{},"Common examples:",[30,641,642,645,648,651],{},[33,643,644],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,646,647],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,649,650],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,652,653],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,655,656],{},"Example: checking user input",[46,658,660],{"className":48,"code":659,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,661,662,682,686,710,725,731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,663,664,667,669,671,673,675,678,680],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,665,666],{"class":61},"color ",[55,668,66],{"class":65},[55,670,553],{"class":105},[55,672,109],{"class":91},[55,674,228],{"class":69},[55,676,677],{"class":73},"What is your favorite color? ",[55,679,228],{"class":69},[55,681,342],{"class":91},[55,683,684],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,685,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,687,688,690,693,695,697,699,701,703,706,708],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,689,488],{"class":487},[55,691,692],{"class":61}," color",[55,694,92],{"class":91},[55,696,96],{"class":95},[55,698,498],{"class":91},[55,700,501],{"class":65},[55,702,70],{"class":69},[55,704,705],{"class":73},"blue",[55,707,228],{"class":69},[55,709,511],{"class":91},[55,711,712,714,716,718,721,723],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,713,516],{"class":105},[55,715,109],{"class":91},[55,717,228],{"class":69},[55,719,720],{"class":73},"Nice choice!",[55,722,228],{"class":69},[55,724,342],{"class":91},[55,726,727,729],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,728,610],{"class":487},[55,730,511],{"class":91},[55,732,733,735,737,739,742,744],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,734,516],{"class":105},[55,736,109],{"class":91},[55,738,228],{"class":69},[55,740,741],{"class":73},"Got it.",[55,743,228],{"class":69},[55,745,342],{"class":91},[20,747,748],{},"Example: simple search",[46,750,752],{"className":48,"code":751,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,753,754,768,772,795],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,755,756,759,761,763,766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,757,758],{"class":61},"message ",[55,760,66],{"class":65},[55,762,70],{"class":69},[55,764,765],{"class":73},"Python Is Fun",[55,767,77],{"class":69},[55,769,770],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,771,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,773,774,776,778,780,782,785,788,790,792],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,775,488],{"class":487},[55,777,70],{"class":69},[55,779,50],{"class":73},[55,781,228],{"class":69},[55,783,784],{"class":65}," in",[55,786,787],{"class":61}," message",[55,789,92],{"class":91},[55,791,96],{"class":95},[55,793,794],{"class":91},"():\n",[55,796,797,799,801,803,806,808],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,798,516],{"class":105},[55,800,109],{"class":91},[55,802,228],{"class":69},[55,804,805],{"class":73},"Found it",[55,807,228],{"class":69},[55,809,342],{"class":91},[20,811,812,813,815,816,539],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,814,17],{}," is often used with ",[166,817,819],{"href":818},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,820,821],{},"strip()",[46,823,825],{"className":48,"code":824,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,826,827,840,862,866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,828,829,831,833,835,838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,830,254],{"class":61},[55,832,66],{"class":65},[55,834,70],{"class":69},[55,836,837],{"class":73},"  ALICE  ",[55,839,77],{"class":69},[55,841,842,845,847,850,852,855,858,860],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,843,844],{"class":61},"clean_name ",[55,846,66],{"class":65},[55,848,849],{"class":61}," name",[55,851,92],{"class":91},[55,853,854],{"class":95},"strip",[55,856,857],{"class":91},"().",[55,859,96],{"class":95},[55,861,99],{"class":91},[55,863,864],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,865,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,867,868,870,872,875,877],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,869,106],{"class":105},[55,871,109],{"class":91},[55,873,874],{"class":95},"clean_name",[55,876,115],{"class":91},[55,878,879],{"class":118},"  # alice\n",[131,881,883],{"id":882},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,885,886,887,890],{},"Strings are ",[123,888,889],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,892,893,894,896],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,895,17],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,898,899,900,903],{},"So this does ",[123,901,902],{},"not"," update the original variable:",[46,905,907],{"className":48,"code":906,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,908,909,921,931,935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,910,911,913,915,917,919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,912,62],{"class":61},[55,914,66],{"class":65},[55,916,70],{"class":69},[55,918,231],{"class":73},[55,920,77],{"class":69},[55,922,923,925,927,929],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,924,352],{"class":61},[55,926,92],{"class":91},[55,928,96],{"class":95},[55,930,99],{"class":91},[55,932,933],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,934,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,936,937,939,941,943,945],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,938,106],{"class":105},[55,940,109],{"class":91},[55,942,352],{"class":95},[55,944,115],{"class":91},[55,946,947],{"class":118},"  # HELLO\n",[20,949,950],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[46,952,954],{"className":48,"code":953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,955,956,968,982,986],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,957,958,960,962,964,966],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,959,62],{"class":61},[55,961,66],{"class":65},[55,963,70],{"class":69},[55,965,231],{"class":73},[55,967,77],{"class":69},[55,969,970,972,974,976,978,980],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,971,62],{"class":61},[55,973,66],{"class":65},[55,975,88],{"class":61},[55,977,92],{"class":91},[55,979,96],{"class":95},[55,981,99],{"class":91},[55,983,984],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,985,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,987,988,990,992,994,996],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,989,106],{"class":105},[55,991,109],{"class":91},[55,993,352],{"class":95},[55,995,115],{"class":91},[55,997,243],{"class":118},[131,999,1001],{"id":1000},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1003,1004,1006],"h3",{"id":1005},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,1008,1009,1010,1012,1013,92],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,1011,96],{}," instead of ",[15,1014,17],{},[20,1016,1017],{},"Wrong:",[46,1019,1021],{"className":48,"code":1020,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,1022,1023,1035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1024,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1026,62],{"class":61},[55,1028,66],{"class":65},[55,1030,70],{"class":69},[55,1032,231],{"class":73},[55,1034,77],{"class":69},[55,1036,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1048],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1038,106],{"class":105},[55,1040,109],{"class":91},[55,1042,352],{"class":95},[55,1044,92],{"class":91},[55,1046,96],{"class":1047},"skxfh",[55,1049,342],{"class":91},[20,1051,1052],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,1054,1055],{},"Correct:",[46,1057,1059],{"className":48,"code":1058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,1060,1061,1073],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1062,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1064,62],{"class":61},[55,1066,66],{"class":65},[55,1068,70],{"class":69},[55,1070,231],{"class":73},[55,1072,77],{"class":69},[55,1074,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1076,106],{"class":105},[55,1078,109],{"class":91},[55,1080,352],{"class":95},[55,1082,92],{"class":91},[55,1084,96],{"class":95},[55,1086,1087],{"class":91},"())\n",[1003,1089,1091],{"id":1090},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,1093,1094],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,1096,1017],{},[46,1098,1100],{"className":48,"code":1099,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,1101,1102,1114,1124],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1103,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1105,62],{"class":61},[55,1107,66],{"class":65},[55,1109,70],{"class":69},[55,1111,231],{"class":73},[55,1113,77],{"class":69},[55,1115,1116,1118,1120,1122],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1117,352],{"class":61},[55,1119,92],{"class":91},[55,1121,96],{"class":95},[55,1123,99],{"class":91},[55,1125,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1127,106],{"class":105},[55,1129,109],{"class":91},[55,1131,352],{"class":95},[55,1133,115],{"class":91},[55,1135,1136],{"class":118},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,1138,1055],{},[46,1140,1142],{"className":48,"code":1141,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,1143,1144,1156,1170],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1145,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1147,62],{"class":61},[55,1149,66],{"class":65},[55,1151,70],{"class":69},[55,1153,231],{"class":73},[55,1155,77],{"class":69},[55,1157,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1159,62],{"class":61},[55,1161,66],{"class":65},[55,1163,88],{"class":61},[55,1165,92],{"class":91},[55,1167,96],{"class":95},[55,1169,99],{"class":91},[55,1171,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1173,106],{"class":105},[55,1175,109],{"class":91},[55,1177,352],{"class":95},[55,1179,115],{"class":91},[55,1181,243],{"class":118},[1003,1183,1185,1186,1188],{"id":1184},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value","Using ",[15,1187,17],{}," on a non-string value",[20,1190,1191,1193],{},[15,1192,17],{}," only works on strings.",[20,1195,1017],{},[46,1197,1199],{"className":48,"code":1198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,1200,1201,1212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1202,1203,1206,1208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1204,1205],{"class":61},"number ",[55,1207,66],{"class":65},[55,1209,1211],{"class":1210},"srdBf"," 123\n",[55,1213,1214,1216,1218,1221,1223,1225],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1215,106],{"class":105},[55,1217,109],{"class":91},[55,1219,1220],{"class":95},"number",[55,1222,92],{"class":91},[55,1224,96],{"class":95},[55,1226,1087],{"class":91},[20,1228,1229,1230,1232],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,1231,17],{}," method.",[20,1234,1235],{},"You can check the type first:",[46,1237,1239],{"className":48,"code":1238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,1240,1241,1253,1257,1274],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1242,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1244,62],{"class":61},[55,1246,66],{"class":65},[55,1248,70],{"class":69},[55,1250,231],{"class":73},[55,1252,77],{"class":69},[55,1254,1255],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1256,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,1258,1259,1261,1263,1267,1269,1271],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1260,106],{"class":105},[55,1262,109],{"class":91},[55,1264,1266],{"class":1265},"sZMiF","type",[55,1268,109],{"class":91},[55,1270,352],{"class":95},[55,1272,1273],{"class":91},"))\n",[55,1275,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,1277,106],{"class":105},[55,1279,109],{"class":91},[55,1281,352],{"class":95},[55,1283,92],{"class":91},[55,1285,96],{"class":95},[55,1287,1087],{"class":91},[1003,1289,1291],{"id":1290},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,1293,1294],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[46,1296,1298],{"className":48,"code":1297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,1299,1300,1313,1317,1335,1350,1356],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1301,1302,1304,1306,1308,1311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1303,469],{"class":61},[55,1305,66],{"class":65},[55,1307,70],{"class":69},[55,1309,1310],{"class":73},"Yes",[55,1312,77],{"class":69},[55,1314,1315],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1316,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,1318,1319,1321,1324,1327,1329,1331,1333],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1320,488],{"class":487},[55,1322,1323],{"class":61}," answer ",[55,1325,1326],{"class":65},"==",[55,1328,70],{"class":69},[55,1330,506],{"class":73},[55,1332,228],{"class":69},[55,1334,511],{"class":91},[55,1336,1337,1339,1341,1343,1346,1348],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,1338,516],{"class":105},[55,1340,109],{"class":91},[55,1342,228],{"class":69},[55,1344,1345],{"class":73},"Match",[55,1347,228],{"class":69},[55,1349,342],{"class":91},[55,1351,1352,1354],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,1353,610],{"class":487},[55,1355,511],{"class":91},[55,1357,1358,1360,1362,1364,1367,1369],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,1359,516],{"class":105},[55,1361,109],{"class":91},[55,1363,228],{"class":69},[55,1365,1366],{"class":73},"No match",[55,1368,228],{"class":69},[55,1370,342],{"class":91},[20,1372,1373,1374,1377,1378,1381,1382,92],{},"Because ",[15,1375,1376],{},"\"Yes\""," and ",[15,1379,1380],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,1383,1366],{},[20,1385,1386],{},"Better:",[46,1388,1390],{"className":48,"code":1389,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,1391,1392,1404,1408,1430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1393,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1395,469],{"class":61},[55,1397,66],{"class":65},[55,1399,70],{"class":69},[55,1401,1310],{"class":73},[55,1403,77],{"class":69},[55,1405,1406],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1407,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,1409,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1411,488],{"class":487},[55,1413,491],{"class":61},[55,1415,92],{"class":91},[55,1417,96],{"class":95},[55,1419,498],{"class":91},[55,1421,501],{"class":65},[55,1423,70],{"class":69},[55,1425,506],{"class":73},[55,1427,228],{"class":69},[55,1429,511],{"class":91},[55,1431,1432,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,1433,516],{"class":105},[55,1435,109],{"class":91},[55,1437,228],{"class":69},[55,1439,1345],{"class":73},[55,1441,228],{"class":69},[55,1443,342],{"class":91},[1003,1445,1447,1448,1451],{"id":1446},"when-casefold-may-be-better","When ",[15,1449,1450],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,1453,1454,1455,1457],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,1456,17],{}," is enough.",[20,1459,1460,1461,1463,1464,92],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,1462,1450],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,1465,17],{},[20,1467,1468,1469,1471],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,1470,17],{}," is usually the right choice.",[131,1473,1475,1477,1478],{"id":1474},"lower-vs-upper",[15,1476,17],{}," vs ",[15,1479,1480],{},"upper()",[20,1482,1483,1377,1485,1487],{},[15,1484,17],{},[15,1486,1480],{}," are very similar.",[30,1489,1490,1495,1500,1503],{},[33,1491,1492,1494],{},[15,1493,17],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,1496,1497,1499],{},[15,1498,1480],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,1501,1502],{},"Both return new strings",[33,1504,1505],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,1507,214],{},[46,1509,1511],{"className":48,"code":1510,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,1512,1513,1526,1530,1546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1514,1515,1517,1519,1521,1524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1516,62],{"class":61},[55,1518,66],{"class":65},[55,1520,70],{"class":69},[55,1522,1523],{"class":73},"Hello World",[55,1525,77],{"class":69},[55,1527,1528],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1529,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,1531,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1533,106],{"class":105},[55,1535,109],{"class":91},[55,1537,352],{"class":95},[55,1539,92],{"class":91},[55,1541,96],{"class":95},[55,1543,240],{"class":91},[55,1545,119],{"class":118},[55,1547,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1559,1561],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,1549,106],{"class":105},[55,1551,109],{"class":91},[55,1553,352],{"class":95},[55,1555,92],{"class":91},[55,1557,1558],{"class":95},"upper",[55,1560,240],{"class":91},[55,1562,1563],{"class":118},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,1565,1566,1567,92],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[166,1568,1570,1571,1573],{"href":1569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,1572,1480],{}," method",[131,1575,1577],{"id":1576},"faq","FAQ",[1003,1579,1581,1582,1584],{"id":1580},"does-lower-change-the-original-string","Does ",[15,1583,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,1586,1587],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1003,1589,1581,1591,1593],{"id":1590},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,1592,17],{}," take any arguments?",[20,1595,1596,1597,92],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,1598,1599],{},"string.lower()",[1003,1601,1603,1604,1606],{"id":1602},"what-does-lower-return","What does ",[15,1605,17],{}," return?",[20,1608,1609],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1003,1611,1613,1614,1616],{"id":1612},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input","Can I use ",[15,1615,17],{}," on user input?",[20,1618,1619,1620,1622],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,1621,537],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1003,1624,1626,1627,1377,1629,1631],{"id":1625},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold","What is the difference between ",[15,1628,17],{},[15,1630,1450],{},"?",[20,1633,1634,1636,1637,1639],{},[15,1635,17],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,1638,1450],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[131,1641,1643],{"id":1642},"see-also","See also",[30,1645,1646,1650,1656,1662,1670,1676,1682,1690],{},[33,1647,1648],{},[166,1649,174],{"href":173},[33,1651,1652],{},[166,1653,1570,1654,1573],{"href":1569},[15,1655,1480],{},[33,1657,1658],{},[166,1659,1570,1660,1573],{"href":818},[15,1661,821],{},[33,1663,1664],{},[166,1665,1570,1667,1573],{"href":1666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,1668,1669],{},"replace()",[33,1671,1672],{},[166,1673,1675],{"href":1674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F","How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,1677,1678],{},[166,1679,1681],{"href":1680},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","How to format strings in Python",[33,1683,1684],{},[166,1685,1686,1687,1689],{"href":533},"Python ",[15,1688,537],{}," function explained",[33,1691,1692],{},[166,1693,1694],{"href":168},"What is a string in Python?",[1696,1697,1698],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":1700},[1701,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1717,1719,1731],{"id":133,"depth":80,"text":1702},"What lower() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":630,"depth":80,"text":631},{"id":882,"depth":80,"text":883},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":1709},[1710,1711,1712,1714,1715],{"id":1005,"depth":102,"text":1006},{"id":1090,"depth":102,"text":1091},{"id":1184,"depth":102,"text":1713},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":1290,"depth":102,"text":1291},{"id":1446,"depth":102,"text":1716},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":1474,"depth":80,"text":1718},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":1720},[1721,1723,1725,1727,1729],{"id":1580,"depth":102,"text":1722},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":1590,"depth":102,"text":1724},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":1602,"depth":102,"text":1726},"What does lower() return?",{"id":1612,"depth":102,"text":1728},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":1625,"depth":102,"text":1730},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":5,"description":1732},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",[1740,3344,5060,6759,8889,11091,12607,14783,16986,19444,21282,23846,25940,28220,30167,32078,34074,35510,37337,39862,42023,43251,44620,46266,48587,50431,52411,54105,55358,57052,58803,60775,62524,64624,65984,67935,69498,71489,73284,75184,77626,79704,82344,84372,86335,88523,90523,92836,94518,95963,97156,98333,100173,102613,104317,106332,107856,109101,110264,111646,113717,115614,117388,119254,121373,123112,124567,126158,128080,129755,131689,133178,135961,137372,138931,140959,142911,144374,145563,147449,148860,150556,152110,153532,154935,156833,159227,161058],{"id":1741,"title":1742,"body":1743,"description":3338,"extension":1733,"meta":3339,"navigation":248,"path":3340,"seo":3341,"stem":3342,"__hash__":3343},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1744,"toc":3310},[1745,1748,1755,1758,1769,1772,1776,1842,1844,1864,1870,1874,1879,1882,1898,1901,1927,1930,1932,1934,1950,1953,1980,1982,2038,2040,2055,2065,2075,2079,2082,2136,2138,2158,2161,2185,2192,2196,2201,2207,2209,2248,2250,2259,2265,2283,2286,2298,2302,2307,2311,2314,2335,2337,2395,2397,2405,2408,2412,2444,2446,2454,2457,2461,2466,2514,2516,2524,2528,2588,2590,2598,2601,2603,2607,2610,2633,2642,2658,2709,2711,2726,2736,2740,2743,2775,2782,2786,2791,2832,2834,2845,2848,2891,2893,2901,2905,2910,2932,2934,2943,2952,2956,2961,2983,2985,3055,3057,3109,3112,3115,3118,3197,3199,3230,3232,3236,3239,3243,3246,3250,3253,3257,3269,3273,3276,3278,3307],[10,1746,1742],{"id":1747},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1749,1750,1751,1754],{},"The ",[15,1752,1753],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1756,1757],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,1759,1760,1763,1766],{},[33,1761,1762],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,1764,1765],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,1767,1768],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1770,1771],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[131,1773,1775],{"id":1774},"quick-example","Quick example",[46,1777,1779],{"className":48,"code":1778,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1780,1781,1800,1815],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1782,1783,1785,1787,1790,1792,1795,1798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1784,106],{"class":105},[55,1786,109],{"class":91},[55,1788,1789],{"class":105},"abs",[55,1791,109],{"class":91},[55,1793,1794],{"class":65},"-",[55,1796,1797],{"class":1210},"7",[55,1799,1273],{"class":91},[55,1801,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1813],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1803,106],{"class":105},[55,1805,109],{"class":91},[55,1807,1789],{"class":105},[55,1809,109],{"class":91},[55,1811,1812],{"class":1210},"3.5",[55,1814,1273],{"class":91},[55,1816,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1830,1833,1836,1840],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1818,106],{"class":105},[55,1820,109],{"class":91},[55,1822,1789],{"class":105},[55,1824,109],{"class":91},[55,1826,1794],{"class":65},[55,1828,1829],{"class":1210},"2",[55,1831,1832],{"class":65},"+",[55,1834,1835],{"class":1210},"3",[55,1837,1839],{"class":1838},"sbsja","j",[55,1841,1273],{"class":91},[20,1843,357],{},[46,1845,1847],{"className":48,"code":1846,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1848,1849,1854,1859],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1850,1851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1852,1853],{"class":1210},"7\n",[55,1855,1856],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,1857,1858],{"class":1210},"3.5\n",[55,1860,1861],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,1862,1863],{"class":1210},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1865,1866,1867,1869],{},"Use ",[15,1868,1753],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[131,1871,1873],{"id":1872},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1875,1876,1878],{},[15,1877,1753],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1880,1881],{},"That means:",[30,1883,1884,1887,1890],{},[33,1885,1886],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,1888,1889],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,1891,1892,1895,1896],{},[15,1893,1894],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1897,1894],{},[20,1899,1900],{},"Examples:",[30,1902,1903,1912,1920],{},[33,1904,1905,1908,1909],{},[15,1906,1907],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1910,1911],{},"5",[33,1913,1914,1908,1917],{},[15,1915,1916],{},"abs(9)",[15,1918,1919],{},"9",[33,1921,1922,1908,1925],{},[15,1923,1924],{},"abs(0)",[15,1926,1894],{},[20,1928,1929],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[131,1931,178],{"id":177},[20,1933,181],{},[46,1935,1937],{"className":48,"code":1936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abs(x)\n",[15,1938,1939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1940,1941,1943,1945,1948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1942,1789],{"class":105},[55,1944,109],{"class":91},[55,1946,1947],{"class":95},"x",[55,1949,342],{"class":91},[20,1951,1952],{},"Here:",[30,1954,1955,1972,1977],{},[33,1956,1957,1959,1960,1963,1964,1967,1968,1971],{},[15,1958,1947],{}," is usually an ",[15,1961,1962],{},"int",", ",[15,1965,1966],{},"float",", or ",[15,1969,1970],{},"complex"," number",[33,1973,1974,1976],{},[15,1975,1753],{}," returns a new value",[33,1978,1979],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1981,214],{},[46,1983,1985],{"className":48,"code":1984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1986,1987,1999,2014,2018,2028],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1988,1989,1991,1993,1996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1990,1205],{"class":61},[55,1992,66],{"class":65},[55,1994,1995],{"class":65}," -",[55,1997,1998],{"class":1210},"12\n",[55,2000,2001,2003,2005,2008,2010,2012],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2002,83],{"class":61},[55,2004,66],{"class":65},[55,2006,2007],{"class":105}," abs",[55,2009,109],{"class":91},[55,2011,1220],{"class":95},[55,2013,342],{"class":91},[55,2015,2016],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2017,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,2019,2020,2022,2024,2026],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,2021,106],{"class":105},[55,2023,109],{"class":91},[55,2025,1220],{"class":95},[55,2027,342],{"class":91},[55,2029,2030,2032,2034,2036],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,2031,106],{"class":105},[55,2033,109],{"class":91},[55,2035,112],{"class":95},[55,2037,342],{"class":91},[20,2039,357],{},[46,2041,2043],{"className":48,"code":2042,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-12\n12\n",[15,2044,2045,2051],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2046,2047,2049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2048,1794],{"class":65},[55,2050,1998],{"class":1210},[55,2052,2053],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2054,1998],{"class":1210},[20,2056,2057,2058,2060,2061,2064],{},"Notice that ",[15,2059,1220],{}," is still ",[15,2062,2063],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2066,2067,2068,2074],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[166,2069,2071,538],{"href":2070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2072,2073],{},"type()"," can help.",[131,2076,2078],{"id":2077},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2080,2081],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[46,2083,2085],{"className":48,"code":2084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2086,2087,2104,2119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2088,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097,2099,2102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2090,106],{"class":105},[55,2092,109],{"class":91},[55,2094,1789],{"class":105},[55,2096,109],{"class":91},[55,2098,1794],{"class":65},[55,2100,2101],{"class":1210},"10",[55,2103,1273],{"class":91},[55,2105,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2117],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2107,106],{"class":105},[55,2109,109],{"class":91},[55,2111,1789],{"class":105},[55,2113,109],{"class":91},[55,2115,2116],{"class":1210},"8",[55,2118,1273],{"class":91},[55,2120,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2134],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2122,106],{"class":105},[55,2124,109],{"class":91},[55,2126,1789],{"class":105},[55,2128,109],{"class":91},[55,2130,1794],{"class":65},[55,2132,2133],{"class":1210},"4.2",[55,2135,1273],{"class":91},[20,2137,357],{},[46,2139,2141],{"className":48,"code":2140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2142,2143,2148,2153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2144,2145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2146,2147],{"class":1210},"10\n",[55,2149,2150],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2151,2152],{"class":1210},"8\n",[55,2154,2155],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2156,2157],{"class":1210},"4.2\n",[20,2159,2160],{},"What each line does:",[30,2162,2163,2171,2178],{},[33,2164,2165,2168,2169],{},[15,2166,2167],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2170,2101],{},[33,2172,2173,2168,2176],{},[15,2174,2175],{},"abs(8)",[15,2177,2116],{},[33,2179,2180,2168,2183],{},[15,2181,2182],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2184,2133],{},[20,2186,2187,2188,92],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[166,2189,2191],{"href":2190},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[131,2193,2195],{"id":2194},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2197,2198,2200],{},[15,2199,1753],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2202,2203,2204,2206],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2205,1894],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2208,214],{},[46,2210,2212],{"className":48,"code":2211,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2213,2214,2233],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2215,2216,2219,2221,2224,2227,2230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2217,2218],{"class":61},"value ",[55,2220,66],{"class":65},[55,2222,2223],{"class":1210}," 3",[55,2225,2226],{"class":65}," +",[55,2228,2229],{"class":1210}," 4",[55,2231,2232],{"class":1838},"j\n",[55,2234,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2246],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2236,106],{"class":105},[55,2238,109],{"class":91},[55,2240,1789],{"class":105},[55,2242,109],{"class":91},[55,2244,2245],{"class":95},"value",[55,2247,1273],{"class":91},[20,2249,357],{},[46,2251,2253],{"className":48,"code":2252,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n",[15,2254,2255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2256,2257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2258,2252],{"class":1210},[20,2260,2261,2262,1631],{},"Why ",[15,2263,2264],{},"5.0",[30,2266,2267,2272,2278],{},[33,2268,2269,2270],{},"the real part is ",[15,2271,1835],{},[33,2273,2274,2275],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2276,2277],{},"4",[33,2279,2280,2281],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2282,2264],{},[20,2284,2285],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2287,2288,2295],{},[33,2289,2290,2292,2293],{},[15,2291,1753],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2294,1966],{},[33,2296,2297],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[131,2299,2301],{"id":2300},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2303,2304,2305,92],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2306,1753],{},[1003,2308,2310],{"id":2309},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2312,2313],{},"A very common pattern is:",[46,2315,2317],{"className":48,"code":2316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2318,2319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2320,2321,2323,2325,2328,2330,2333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2322,1789],{"class":105},[55,2324,109],{"class":91},[55,2326,2327],{"class":95},"a ",[55,2329,1794],{"class":65},[55,2331,2332],{"class":95}," b",[55,2334,342],{"class":91},[20,2336,214],{},[46,2338,2340],{"className":48,"code":2339,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2341,2342,2351,2361,2365,2384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2343,2344,2346,2348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2345,2327],{"class":61},[55,2347,66],{"class":65},[55,2349,2350],{"class":1210}," 3\n",[55,2352,2353,2356,2358],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2354,2355],{"class":61},"b ",[55,2357,66],{"class":65},[55,2359,2360],{"class":1210}," 10\n",[55,2362,2363],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2364,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,2366,2367,2370,2372,2374,2376,2378,2380,2382],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,2368,2369],{"class":61},"distance ",[55,2371,66],{"class":65},[55,2373,2007],{"class":105},[55,2375,109],{"class":91},[55,2377,2327],{"class":95},[55,2379,1794],{"class":65},[55,2381,2332],{"class":95},[55,2383,342],{"class":91},[55,2385,2386,2388,2390,2393],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,2387,106],{"class":105},[55,2389,109],{"class":91},[55,2391,2392],{"class":95},"distance",[55,2394,342],{"class":91},[20,2396,357],{},[46,2398,2399],{"className":48,"code":1853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2400,2401],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2402,2403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2404,1853],{"class":1210},[20,2406,2407],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1003,2409,2411],{"id":2410},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[46,2413,2415],{"className":48,"code":2414,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2416,2417,2429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2418,2419,2422,2424,2426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2420,2421],{"class":61},"temperature_change ",[55,2423,66],{"class":65},[55,2425,1995],{"class":65},[55,2427,2428],{"class":1210},"6\n",[55,2430,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439,2442],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2432,106],{"class":105},[55,2434,109],{"class":91},[55,2436,1789],{"class":105},[55,2438,109],{"class":91},[55,2440,2441],{"class":95},"temperature_change",[55,2443,1273],{"class":91},[20,2445,357],{},[46,2447,2448],{"className":48,"code":2428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2449,2450],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2451,2452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2453,2428],{"class":1210},[20,2455,2456],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1003,2458,2460],{"id":2459},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2462,2463,2464,2074],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2465,1753],{},[46,2467,2469],{"className":48,"code":2468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2470,2471,2483,2499,2503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2472,2473,2476,2478,2480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2474,2475],{"class":61},"balance_change ",[55,2477,66],{"class":65},[55,2479,1995],{"class":65},[55,2481,2482],{"class":1210},"25\n",[55,2484,2485,2488,2490,2492,2494,2497],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2486,2487],{"class":61},"safe_value ",[55,2489,66],{"class":65},[55,2491,2007],{"class":105},[55,2493,109],{"class":91},[55,2495,2496],{"class":95},"balance_change",[55,2498,342],{"class":91},[55,2500,2501],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2502,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,2504,2505,2507,2509,2512],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,2506,106],{"class":105},[55,2508,109],{"class":91},[55,2510,2511],{"class":95},"safe_value",[55,2513,342],{"class":91},[20,2515,357],{},[46,2517,2518],{"className":48,"code":2482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2519,2520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2521,2522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2523,2482],{"class":1210},[1003,2525,2527],{"id":2526},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[46,2529,2531],{"className":48,"code":2530,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2532,2533,2543,2553,2557,2577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2534,2535,2538,2540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2536,2537],{"class":61},"guess ",[55,2539,66],{"class":65},[55,2541,2542],{"class":1210}," 42\n",[55,2544,2545,2548,2550],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2546,2547],{"class":61},"target ",[55,2549,66],{"class":65},[55,2551,2552],{"class":1210}," 50\n",[55,2554,2555],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2556,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,2558,2559,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2575],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,2560,2561],{"class":61},"difference ",[55,2563,66],{"class":65},[55,2565,2007],{"class":105},[55,2567,109],{"class":91},[55,2569,2537],{"class":95},[55,2571,1794],{"class":65},[55,2573,2574],{"class":95}," target",[55,2576,342],{"class":91},[55,2578,2579,2581,2583,2586],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,2580,106],{"class":105},[55,2582,109],{"class":91},[55,2584,2585],{"class":95},"difference",[55,2587,342],{"class":91},[20,2589,357],{},[46,2591,2592],{"className":48,"code":2152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2593,2594],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2595,2596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2597,2152],{"class":1210},[20,2599,2600],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[131,2602,1001],{"id":1000},[1003,2604,2606],{"id":2605},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2608,2609],{},"This causes an error:",[46,2611,2613],{"className":48,"code":2612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2614,2615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2616,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2629,2631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2618,106],{"class":105},[55,2620,109],{"class":91},[55,2622,1789],{"class":105},[55,2624,109],{"class":91},[55,2626,228],{"class":69},[55,2628,1911],{"class":73},[55,2630,228],{"class":69},[55,2632,1273],{"class":91},[20,2634,2635,2638,2639,2641],{},[15,2636,2637],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2640,1753],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2643,2644,2645,2651,2652,539],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[166,2646,2648],{"href":2647},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2649,2650],{},"int()"," or ",[166,2653,2655],{"href":2654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2656,2657],{},"float()",[46,2659,2661],{"className":48,"code":2660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2662,2663,2686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2664,2665,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2666,106],{"class":105},[55,2668,109],{"class":91},[55,2670,1789],{"class":105},[55,2672,109],{"class":91},[55,2674,1962],{"class":1265},[55,2676,109],{"class":91},[55,2678,228],{"class":69},[55,2680,1911],{"class":73},[55,2682,228],{"class":69},[55,2684,2685],{"class":91},")))\n",[55,2687,2688,2690,2692,2694,2696,2698,2700,2702,2705,2707],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2689,106],{"class":105},[55,2691,109],{"class":91},[55,2693,1789],{"class":105},[55,2695,109],{"class":91},[55,2697,1966],{"class":1265},[55,2699,109],{"class":91},[55,2701,228],{"class":69},[55,2703,2704],{"class":73},"-3.2",[55,2706,228],{"class":69},[55,2708,2685],{"class":91},[20,2710,357],{},[46,2712,2714],{"className":48,"code":2713,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2715,2716,2721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2717,2718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2719,2720],{"class":1210},"5\n",[55,2722,2723],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2724,2725],{"class":1210},"3.2\n",[20,2727,2728,2729,2731,2732,92],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2730,537],{}," always returns a string. See ",[166,2733,2735],{"href":2734},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1003,2737,2739],{"id":2738},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2741,2742],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[46,2744,2746],{"className":48,"code":2745,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2747,2748],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2749,2750,2752,2754,2756,2759,2762,2765,2768,2770,2772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2751,106],{"class":105},[55,2753,109],{"class":91},[55,2755,1789],{"class":105},[55,2757,2758],{"class":91},"([",[55,2760,2761],{"class":1210},"1",[55,2763,2764],{"class":91},",",[55,2766,2767],{"class":1210}," 2",[55,2769,2764],{"class":91},[55,2771,2223],{"class":1210},[55,2773,2774],{"class":91},"]))\n",[20,2776,2777,2778,2781],{},"This raises a ",[15,2779,2780],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1003,2783,2785],{"id":2784},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2787,2788,2790],{},[15,2789,1753],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[46,2792,2794],{"className":48,"code":2793,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2795,2796,2808,2818,2822],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2797,2798,2801,2803,2805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2799,2800],{"class":61},"x ",[55,2802,66],{"class":65},[55,2804,1995],{"class":65},[55,2806,2807],{"class":1210},"9\n",[55,2809,2810,2812,2814,2816],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2811,1789],{"class":105},[55,2813,109],{"class":91},[55,2815,1947],{"class":95},[55,2817,342],{"class":91},[55,2819,2820],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2821,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,2823,2824,2826,2828,2830],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,2825,106],{"class":105},[55,2827,109],{"class":91},[55,2829,1947],{"class":95},[55,2831,342],{"class":91},[20,2833,357],{},[46,2835,2837],{"className":48,"code":2836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-9\n",[15,2838,2839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2840,2841,2843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2842,1794],{"class":65},[55,2844,2807],{"class":1210},[20,2846,2847],{},"If you want to store the result:",[46,2849,2851],{"className":48,"code":2850,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2852,2853,2863,2877,2881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2854,2855,2857,2859,2861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2856,2800],{"class":61},[55,2858,66],{"class":65},[55,2860,1995],{"class":65},[55,2862,2807],{"class":1210},[55,2864,2865,2867,2869,2871,2873,2875],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,2866,2800],{"class":61},[55,2868,66],{"class":65},[55,2870,2007],{"class":105},[55,2872,109],{"class":91},[55,2874,1947],{"class":95},[55,2876,342],{"class":91},[55,2878,2879],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,2880,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,2882,2883,2885,2887,2889],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,2884,106],{"class":105},[55,2886,109],{"class":91},[55,2888,1947],{"class":95},[55,2890,342],{"class":91},[20,2892,357],{},[46,2894,2895],{"className":48,"code":2807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,2896,2897],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2898,2899],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2900,2807],{"class":1210},[1003,2902,2904],{"id":2903},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2906,2907,2909],{},[15,2908,1753],{}," does not round numbers.",[46,2911,2913],{"className":48,"code":2912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2914,2915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2916,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2918,106],{"class":105},[55,2920,109],{"class":91},[55,2922,1789],{"class":105},[55,2924,109],{"class":91},[55,2926,1794],{"class":65},[55,2928,2929],{"class":1210},"4.7",[55,2931,1273],{"class":91},[20,2933,357],{},[46,2935,2937],{"className":48,"code":2936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4.7\n",[15,2938,2939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2940,2941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2942,2936],{"class":1210},[20,2944,2945,2946,2948,2949,2951],{},"If you expected ",[15,2947,1911],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2950,1753],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[131,2953,2955],{"id":2954},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2957,2958,2960],{},[15,2959,1753],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,2962,2963,2970,2977],{},[33,2964,2965,2967,2968],{},[15,2966,1962],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2969,1962],{},[33,2971,2972,2974,2975],{},[15,2973,1966],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2976,1966],{},[33,2978,2979,2974,2981],{},[15,2980,1970],{},[15,2982,1966],{},[20,2984,214],{},[46,2986,2988],{"className":48,"code":2987,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2989,2990,3010,3031],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2991,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2993,106],{"class":105},[55,2995,109],{"class":91},[55,2997,1266],{"class":1265},[55,2999,109],{"class":91},[55,3001,1789],{"class":105},[55,3003,109],{"class":91},[55,3005,1794],{"class":65},[55,3007,1911],{"class":1210},[55,3009,2685],{"class":91},[55,3011,3012,3014,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3029],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3013,106],{"class":105},[55,3015,109],{"class":91},[55,3017,1266],{"class":1265},[55,3019,109],{"class":91},[55,3021,1789],{"class":105},[55,3023,109],{"class":91},[55,3025,1794],{"class":65},[55,3027,3028],{"class":1210},"3.2",[55,3030,2685],{"class":91},[55,3032,3033,3035,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3053],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,3034,106],{"class":105},[55,3036,109],{"class":91},[55,3038,1266],{"class":1265},[55,3040,109],{"class":91},[55,3042,1789],{"class":105},[55,3044,109],{"class":91},[55,3046,1835],{"class":1210},[55,3048,2226],{"class":65},[55,3050,2229],{"class":1210},[55,3052,1839],{"class":1838},[55,3054,2685],{"class":91},[20,3056,357],{},[46,3058,3060],{"className":48,"code":3059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3061,3062,3081,3095],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3063,3064,3067,3070,3073,3075,3078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3065,3066],{"class":65},"\u003C",[55,3068,3069],{"class":1838},"class",[55,3071,3072],{"class":69}," '",[55,3074,1962],{"class":73},[55,3076,3077],{"class":69},"'",[55,3079,3080],{"class":65},">\n",[55,3082,3083,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3084,3066],{"class":65},[55,3086,3069],{"class":1838},[55,3088,3072],{"class":69},[55,3090,1966],{"class":73},[55,3092,3077],{"class":69},[55,3094,3080],{"class":65},[55,3096,3097,3099,3101,3103,3105,3107],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,3098,3066],{"class":65},[55,3100,3069],{"class":1838},[55,3102,3072],{"class":69},[55,3104,1966],{"class":73},[55,3106,3077],{"class":69},[55,3108,3080],{"class":65},[20,3110,3111],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3113,3114],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3116,3117],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[46,3119,3121],{"className":48,"code":3120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3122,3123,3136,3146,3160,3164,3178],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3124,3125,3127,3129,3131,3134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3126,2218],{"class":61},[55,3128,66],{"class":65},[55,3130,70],{"class":69},[55,3132,3133],{"class":73},"-5",[55,3135,77],{"class":69},[55,3137,3138,3140,3142,3144],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3139,106],{"class":105},[55,3141,109],{"class":91},[55,3143,2245],{"class":95},[55,3145,342],{"class":91},[55,3147,3148,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,3149,106],{"class":105},[55,3151,109],{"class":91},[55,3153,1266],{"class":1265},[55,3155,109],{"class":91},[55,3157,2245],{"class":95},[55,3159,1273],{"class":91},[55,3161,3162],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,3163,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,3165,3166,3169,3171,3173,3176],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,3167,3168],{"class":61},"user_input ",[55,3170,66],{"class":65},[55,3172,70],{"class":69},[55,3174,3175],{"class":73},"-3.7",[55,3177,77],{"class":69},[55,3179,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192,3195],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,3181,106],{"class":105},[55,3183,109],{"class":91},[55,3185,1789],{"class":105},[55,3187,109],{"class":91},[55,3189,1966],{"class":1265},[55,3191,109],{"class":91},[55,3193,3194],{"class":95},"user_input",[55,3196,2685],{"class":91},[20,3198,357],{},[46,3200,3202],{"className":48,"code":3201,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3203,3204,3210,3225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3205,3206,3208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3207,1794],{"class":65},[55,3209,2720],{"class":1210},[55,3211,3212,3214,3216,3218,3221,3223],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3213,3066],{"class":65},[55,3215,3069],{"class":1838},[55,3217,3072],{"class":69},[55,3219,3220],{"class":73},"str",[55,3222,3077],{"class":69},[55,3224,3080],{"class":65},[55,3226,3227],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,3228,3229],{"class":1210},"3.7\n",[131,3231,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,3233,3235],{"id":3234},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3237,3238],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1003,3240,3242],{"id":3241},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3244,3245],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1003,3247,3249],{"id":3248},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3251,3252],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1003,3254,3256],{"id":3255},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3258,3259,3261,3262,2651,3264,3266,3267,92],{},[15,3260,537],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3263,2650],{},[15,3265,2657],{}," before using ",[15,3268,1753],{},[1003,3270,3272],{"id":3271},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3274,3275],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[131,3277,1643],{"id":1642},[30,3279,3280,3286,3292,3298,3303],{},[33,3281,3282],{},[166,3283,3284,1689],{"href":2647},[15,3285,2650],{},[33,3287,3288],{},[166,3289,3290,1689],{"href":2654},[15,3291,2657],{},[33,3293,3294],{},[166,3295,3296,1689],{"href":2070},[15,3297,2073],{},[33,3299,3300],{},[166,3301,3302],{"href":2734},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3304,3305],{},[166,3306,2191],{"href":2190},[1696,3308,3309],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":3311},[3312,3313,3314,3315,3316,3317,3323,3329,3330,3337],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":1872,"depth":80,"text":1873},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":2077,"depth":80,"text":2078},{"id":2194,"depth":80,"text":2195},{"id":2300,"depth":80,"text":2301,"children":3318},[3319,3320,3321,3322],{"id":2309,"depth":102,"text":2310},{"id":2410,"depth":102,"text":2411},{"id":2459,"depth":102,"text":2460},{"id":2526,"depth":102,"text":2527},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":3324},[3325,3326,3327,3328],{"id":2605,"depth":102,"text":2606},{"id":2738,"depth":102,"text":2739},{"id":2784,"depth":102,"text":2785},{"id":2903,"depth":102,"text":2904},{"id":2954,"depth":80,"text":2955},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":3331},[3332,3333,3334,3335,3336],{"id":3234,"depth":102,"text":3235},{"id":3241,"depth":102,"text":3242},{"id":3248,"depth":102,"text":3249},{"id":3255,"depth":102,"text":3256},{"id":3271,"depth":102,"text":3272},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1742,"description":3338},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3345,"title":3346,"body":3347,"description":5054,"extension":1733,"meta":5055,"navigation":248,"path":5056,"seo":5057,"stem":5058,"__hash__":5059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3348,"toc":5018},[3349,3356,3362,3365,3382,3386,3443,3453,3458,3462,3481,3484,3501,3504,3508,3516,3533,3536,3576,3579,3586,3592,3669,3671,3703,3709,3713,3717,3756,3758,3767,3774,3778,3817,3819,3828,3838,3842,3898,3900,3908,3911,3914,3961,3963,3971,3977,3984,3989,3992,3995,4062,4064,4072,4075,4142,4144,4152,4166,4169,4180,4184,4190,4193,4195,4211,4213,4221,4224,4227,4230,4247,4250,4253,4283,4285,4298,4302,4306,4309,4324,4329,4332,4359,4366,4369,4409,4415,4421,4429,4432,4483,4490,4555,4560,4569,4572,4590,4596,4599,4741,4747,4752,4755,4766,4769,4825,4827,4835,4838,4897,4899,4907,4910,4921,4923,4929,4938,4947,4950,4957,4960,4968,4981,4983,5015],[10,3350,1686,3352,3355],{"id":3351},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3353,3354],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3357,3358,3359,3361],{},"Python’s ",[15,3360,3354],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3363,3364],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3366,3367,3370,3373],{},[33,3368,3369],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3371,3372],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3374,3375,2168,3378,3381],{},[15,3376,3377],{},"all([])",[15,3379,3380],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[131,3383,3385],{"id":3384},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[46,3387,3389],{"className":48,"code":3388,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3390,3391,3414,3430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3392,3393,3396,3398,3401,3403,3405,3407,3409,3411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3394,3395],{"class":61},"numbers ",[55,3397,66],{"class":65},[55,3399,3400],{"class":91}," [",[55,3402,2761],{"class":1210},[55,3404,2764],{"class":91},[55,3406,2767],{"class":1210},[55,3408,2764],{"class":91},[55,3410,2223],{"class":1210},[55,3412,3413],{"class":91},"]\n",[55,3415,3416,3418,3420,3423,3425,3428],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3417,83],{"class":61},[55,3419,66],{"class":65},[55,3421,3422],{"class":105}," all",[55,3424,109],{"class":91},[55,3426,3427],{"class":95},"numbers",[55,3429,342],{"class":91},[55,3431,3432,3434,3436,3438,3440],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,3433,106],{"class":105},[55,3435,109],{"class":91},[55,3437,112],{"class":95},[55,3439,115],{"class":91},[55,3441,3442],{"class":118},"  # True\n",[20,3444,3445,2168,3447,3449,3450,92],{},[15,3446,3354],{},[15,3448,3380],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3451,3452],{},"False",[131,3454,134,3456,137],{"id":3455},"what-all-does",[15,3457,3354],{},[20,3459,3460,539],{},[15,3461,3354],{},[30,3463,3464,3467,3473,3478],{},[33,3465,3466],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3468,3469,3470,3472],{},"returns ",[15,3471,3380],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3474,3469,3475,3477],{},[15,3476,3452],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3479,3480],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3482,3483],{},"Basic syntax:",[46,3485,3487],{"className":48,"code":3486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3488,3489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3490,3491,3494,3496,3499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3492,3493],{"class":105},"all",[55,3495,109],{"class":91},[55,3497,3498],{"class":95},"iterable",[55,3500,342],{"class":91},[20,3502,3503],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[131,3505,3507],{"id":3506},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3509,3510,3511,2651,3513,3515],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3512,3380],{},[15,3514,3452],{}," in conditions.",[30,3517,3518,3526],{},[33,3519,3520,3523,3524],{},[123,3521,3522],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3525,3380],{},[33,3527,3528,3523,3531],{},[123,3529,3530],{},"Falsy",[15,3532,3452],{},[20,3534,3535],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3537,3538,3542,3547,3552,3557,3561,3566,3571],{},[33,3539,3540],{},[15,3541,1894],{},[33,3543,3544],{},[15,3545,3546],{},"0.0",[33,3548,3549],{},[15,3550,3551],{},"''",[33,3553,3554],{},[15,3555,3556],{},"None",[33,3558,3559],{},[15,3560,3452],{},[33,3562,3563],{},[15,3564,3565],{},"[]",[33,3567,3568],{},[15,3569,3570],{},"{}",[33,3572,3573],{},[15,3574,3575],{},"set()",[20,3577,3578],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3580,3581,3582,92],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[166,3583,3585],{"href":3584},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3587,3588,3589,539],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3590,3591],{},"bool()",[46,3593,3595],{"className":48,"code":3594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3596,3597,3635,3639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3598,3599,3602,3604,3606,3608,3610,3613,3615,3618,3620,3622,3625,3627,3629,3633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3600,3601],{"class":61},"values ",[55,3603,66],{"class":65},[55,3605,3400],{"class":91},[55,3607,2761],{"class":1210},[55,3609,2764],{"class":91},[55,3611,3612],{"class":1210}," 0",[55,3614,2764],{"class":91},[55,3616,3617],{"class":69}," ''",[55,3619,2764],{"class":91},[55,3621,3072],{"class":69},[55,3623,3624],{"class":73},"hello",[55,3626,3077],{"class":69},[55,3628,2764],{"class":91},[55,3630,3632],{"class":3631},"s39Yj"," None",[55,3634,3413],{"class":91},[55,3636,3637],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3638,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,3640,3641,3643,3645,3648,3650,3652,3654,3657,3660,3663,3666],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,3642,106],{"class":105},[55,3644,2758],{"class":91},[55,3646,3647],{"class":1265},"bool",[55,3649,109],{"class":91},[55,3651,1947],{"class":95},[55,3653,115],{"class":91},[55,3655,3656],{"class":487}," for",[55,3658,3659],{"class":95}," x ",[55,3661,3662],{"class":487},"in",[55,3664,3665],{"class":95}," values",[55,3667,3668],{"class":91},"])\n",[20,3670,357],{},[46,3672,3674],{"className":48,"code":3673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3675,3676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3677,3678,3681,3683,3685,3688,3690,3692,3694,3697,3699,3701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3679,3680],{"class":91},"[",[55,3682,3380],{"class":3631},[55,3684,2764],{"class":91},[55,3686,3687],{"class":3631}," False",[55,3689,2764],{"class":91},[55,3691,3687],{"class":3631},[55,3693,2764],{"class":91},[55,3695,3696],{"class":3631}," True",[55,3698,2764],{"class":91},[55,3700,3687],{"class":3631},[55,3702,3413],{"class":91},[20,3704,3705,3706,3708],{},"This matters because ",[15,3707,3354],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[131,3710,3712],{"id":3711},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1003,3714,3716],{"id":3715},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[46,3718,3720],{"className":48,"code":3719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3721,3722,3742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3723,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3725,3395],{"class":61},[55,3727,66],{"class":65},[55,3729,3400],{"class":91},[55,3731,2761],{"class":1210},[55,3733,2764],{"class":91},[55,3735,2767],{"class":1210},[55,3737,2764],{"class":91},[55,3739,2223],{"class":1210},[55,3741,3413],{"class":91},[55,3743,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752,3754],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3745,106],{"class":105},[55,3747,109],{"class":91},[55,3749,3493],{"class":105},[55,3751,109],{"class":91},[55,3753,3427],{"class":95},[55,3755,1273],{"class":91},[20,3757,357],{},[46,3759,3761],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n",[15,3762,3763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3764,3765],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3766,3760],{"class":3631},[20,3768,3769,3770,2168,3772,92],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3771,3354],{},[15,3773,3380],{},[1003,3775,3777],{"id":3776},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[46,3779,3781],{"className":48,"code":3780,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3782,3783,3803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3784,3785,3787,3789,3791,3793,3795,3797,3799,3801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3786,3395],{"class":61},[55,3788,66],{"class":65},[55,3790,3400],{"class":91},[55,3792,2761],{"class":1210},[55,3794,2764],{"class":91},[55,3796,3612],{"class":1210},[55,3798,2764],{"class":91},[55,3800,2223],{"class":1210},[55,3802,3413],{"class":91},[55,3804,3805,3807,3809,3811,3813,3815],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3806,106],{"class":105},[55,3808,109],{"class":91},[55,3810,3493],{"class":105},[55,3812,109],{"class":91},[55,3814,3427],{"class":95},[55,3816,1273],{"class":91},[20,3818,357],{},[46,3820,3822],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\n",[15,3823,3824],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3825,3826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3827,3821],{"class":3631},[20,3829,3830,3831,3833,3834,2168,3836,92],{},"The value ",[15,3832,1894],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3835,3354],{},[15,3837,3452],{},[1003,3839,3841],{"id":3840},"example-strings","Example: strings",[46,3843,3845],{"className":48,"code":3844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3846,3847,3883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3848,3849,3852,3854,3856,3858,3861,3863,3865,3867,3870,3872,3874,3876,3879,3881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3850,3851],{"class":61},"words ",[55,3853,66],{"class":65},[55,3855,3400],{"class":91},[55,3857,3077],{"class":69},[55,3859,3860],{"class":73},"apple",[55,3862,3077],{"class":69},[55,3864,2764],{"class":91},[55,3866,3072],{"class":69},[55,3868,3869],{"class":73},"banana",[55,3871,3077],{"class":69},[55,3873,2764],{"class":91},[55,3875,3072],{"class":69},[55,3877,3878],{"class":73},"cherry",[55,3880,3077],{"class":69},[55,3882,3413],{"class":91},[55,3884,3885,3887,3889,3891,3893,3896],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3886,106],{"class":105},[55,3888,109],{"class":91},[55,3890,3493],{"class":105},[55,3892,109],{"class":91},[55,3894,3895],{"class":95},"words",[55,3897,1273],{"class":91},[20,3899,357],{},[46,3901,3902],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,3903,3904],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3905,3906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3907,3760],{"class":3631},[20,3909,3910],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3912,3913],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[46,3915,3917],{"className":48,"code":3916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3918,3919,3947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3920,3921,3923,3925,3927,3929,3931,3933,3935,3937,3939,3941,3943,3945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3922,3851],{"class":61},[55,3924,66],{"class":65},[55,3926,3400],{"class":91},[55,3928,3077],{"class":69},[55,3930,3860],{"class":73},[55,3932,3077],{"class":69},[55,3934,2764],{"class":91},[55,3936,3617],{"class":69},[55,3938,2764],{"class":91},[55,3940,3072],{"class":69},[55,3942,3878],{"class":73},[55,3944,3077],{"class":69},[55,3946,3413],{"class":91},[55,3948,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,3950,106],{"class":105},[55,3952,109],{"class":91},[55,3954,3493],{"class":105},[55,3956,109],{"class":91},[55,3958,3895],{"class":95},[55,3960,1273],{"class":91},[20,3962,357],{},[46,3964,3965],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,3966,3967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3968,3969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3970,3821],{"class":3631},[20,3972,3973,3974,3976],{},"The empty string ",[15,3975,3551],{}," is falsy.",[131,3978,3980,3981,3983],{"id":3979},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3982,3354],{}," works with conditions",[20,3985,3986,3988],{},[15,3987,3354],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3990,3991],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3993,3994],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[46,3996,3998],{"className":48,"code":3997,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3999,4000,4020,4048,4052],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4001,4002,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4003,3395],{"class":61},[55,4005,66],{"class":65},[55,4007,3400],{"class":91},[55,4009,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4011,2764],{"class":91},[55,4013,2767],{"class":1210},[55,4015,2764],{"class":91},[55,4017,2223],{"class":1210},[55,4019,3413],{"class":91},[55,4021,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4035,4037,4039,4041,4043,4046],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4023,83],{"class":61},[55,4025,66],{"class":65},[55,4027,3422],{"class":105},[55,4029,109],{"class":91},[55,4031,2800],{"class":95},[55,4033,4034],{"class":65},">",[55,4036,3612],{"class":1210},[55,4038,3656],{"class":487},[55,4040,3659],{"class":95},[55,4042,3662],{"class":487},[55,4044,4045],{"class":95}," numbers",[55,4047,342],{"class":91},[55,4049,4050],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,4051,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,4053,4054,4056,4058,4060],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,4055,106],{"class":105},[55,4057,109],{"class":91},[55,4059,112],{"class":95},[55,4061,342],{"class":91},[20,4063,357],{},[46,4065,4066],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4067,4068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4069,4070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4071,3760],{"class":3631},[20,4073,4074],{},"Here is one that fails:",[46,4076,4078],{"className":48,"code":4077,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4079,4080,4102,4128,4132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4081,4082,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4083,3395],{"class":61},[55,4085,66],{"class":65},[55,4087,3400],{"class":91},[55,4089,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4091,2764],{"class":91},[55,4093,1995],{"class":65},[55,4095,1829],{"class":1210},[55,4097,2764],{"class":91},[55,4099,2223],{"class":1210},[55,4101,3413],{"class":91},[55,4103,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4105,83],{"class":61},[55,4107,66],{"class":65},[55,4109,3422],{"class":105},[55,4111,109],{"class":91},[55,4113,2800],{"class":95},[55,4115,4034],{"class":65},[55,4117,3612],{"class":1210},[55,4119,3656],{"class":487},[55,4121,3659],{"class":95},[55,4123,3662],{"class":487},[55,4125,4045],{"class":95},[55,4127,342],{"class":91},[55,4129,4130],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,4131,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,4133,4134,4136,4138,4140],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,4135,106],{"class":105},[55,4137,109],{"class":91},[55,4139,112],{"class":95},[55,4141,342],{"class":91},[20,4143,357],{},[46,4145,4146],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4147,4148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4149,4150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4151,3821],{"class":3631},[20,4153,4154,4155,4158,4159,4161,4162,2168,4164,92],{},"The expression ",[15,4156,4157],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4160,3380],{},", then ",[15,4163,3354],{},[15,4165,3380],{},[20,4167,4168],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4170,4171,4172,1377,4176,92],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[166,4173,4175],{"href":4174},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[166,4177,4179],{"href":4178},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[131,4181,4183],{"id":4182},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4185,4186,2168,4188,92],{},[15,4187,3377],{},[15,4189,3380],{},[20,4191,4192],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4194,214],{},[46,4196,4198],{"className":48,"code":4197,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4199,4200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4201,4202,4204,4206,4208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4203,106],{"class":105},[55,4205,109],{"class":91},[55,4207,3493],{"class":105},[55,4209,4210],{"class":91},"([]))\n",[20,4212,357],{},[46,4214,4215],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4216,4217],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4218,4219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4220,3760],{"class":3631},[20,4222,4223],{},"Why?",[20,4225,4226],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4228,4229],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4231,4232,4239,4242],{},[33,4233,4234,2168,4236,4238],{},[15,4235,3354],{},[15,4237,3452],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4240,4241],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4243,4244,4245],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4246,3452],{},[20,4248,4249],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4251,4252],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[46,4254,4256],{"className":48,"code":4255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4257,4258,4269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4259,4260,4262,4264,4266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4261,106],{"class":105},[55,4263,109],{"class":91},[55,4265,3493],{"class":105},[55,4267,4268],{"class":91},"(()))\n",[55,4270,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4272,106],{"class":105},[55,4274,109],{"class":91},[55,4276,3493],{"class":105},[55,4278,109],{"class":91},[55,4280,3551],{"class":69},[55,4282,1273],{"class":91},[20,4284,357],{},[46,4286,4288],{"className":48,"code":4287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4289,4290,4294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4291,4292],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4293,3760],{"class":3631},[55,4295,4296],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4297,3760],{"class":3631},[131,4299,4301],{"id":4300},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1003,4303,4305],{"id":4304},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4307,4308],{},"This is wrong:",[46,4310,4312],{"className":48,"code":4311,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4313,4314,4319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4315,4316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4317,4318],{"class":118},"# Wrong\n",[55,4320,4321],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4322,4323],{"class":118},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4325,4326,4328],{},[15,4327,3354],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4330,4331],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[46,4333,4335],{"className":48,"code":4334,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4336,4337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4338,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4340,106],{"class":105},[55,4342,109],{"class":91},[55,4344,3493],{"class":105},[55,4346,2758],{"class":91},[55,4348,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4350,2764],{"class":91},[55,4352,2767],{"class":1210},[55,4354,2764],{"class":91},[55,4356,2223],{"class":1210},[55,4358,2774],{"class":91},[1003,4360,4362,4363,4365],{"id":4361},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4364,3354],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4367,4368],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[46,4370,4372],{"className":48,"code":4371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4373,4374,4395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4375,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4389,4391,4393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4377,3395],{"class":61},[55,4379,66],{"class":65},[55,4381,3400],{"class":91},[55,4383,1911],{"class":1210},[55,4385,2764],{"class":91},[55,4387,4388],{"class":1210}," 5",[55,4390,2764],{"class":91},[55,4392,4388],{"class":1210},[55,4394,3413],{"class":91},[55,4396,4397,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4398,106],{"class":105},[55,4400,109],{"class":91},[55,4402,3493],{"class":105},[55,4404,109],{"class":91},[55,4406,3427],{"class":95},[55,4408,1273],{"class":91},[20,4410,4411,4412,4414],{},"This does ",[123,4413,902],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4416,4417,4418,4420],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4419,1911],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[46,4422,4423],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4424,4425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4426,4427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4428,3760],{"class":3631},[20,4430,4431],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[46,4433,4435],{"className":48,"code":4434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4436,4437,4457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4438,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4440,3395],{"class":61},[55,4442,66],{"class":65},[55,4444,3400],{"class":91},[55,4446,1911],{"class":1210},[55,4448,2764],{"class":91},[55,4450,4388],{"class":1210},[55,4452,2764],{"class":91},[55,4454,4388],{"class":1210},[55,4456,3413],{"class":91},[55,4458,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4460,106],{"class":105},[55,4462,109],{"class":91},[55,4464,3493],{"class":105},[55,4466,109],{"class":91},[55,4468,2800],{"class":95},[55,4470,1326],{"class":65},[55,4472,4388],{"class":1210},[55,4474,3656],{"class":487},[55,4476,3659],{"class":95},[55,4478,3662],{"class":487},[55,4480,4045],{"class":95},[55,4482,1273],{"class":91},[1003,4484,4486,4487,4489],{"id":4485},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4488,1894],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[46,4491,4493],{"className":48,"code":4492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4494,4495,4521],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4496,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4498,106],{"class":105},[55,4500,109],{"class":91},[55,4502,3493],{"class":105},[55,4504,2758],{"class":91},[55,4506,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4508,2764],{"class":91},[55,4510,2767],{"class":1210},[55,4512,2764],{"class":91},[55,4514,3612],{"class":1210},[55,4516,4517],{"class":91},"]))",[55,4519,4520],{"class":118},"       # False\n",[55,4522,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4544,4546,4548,4550,4552],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4524,106],{"class":105},[55,4526,109],{"class":91},[55,4528,3493],{"class":105},[55,4530,2758],{"class":91},[55,4532,3077],{"class":69},[55,4534,166],{"class":73},[55,4536,3077],{"class":69},[55,4538,2764],{"class":91},[55,4540,3072],{"class":69},[55,4542,4543],{"class":73},"b",[55,4545,3077],{"class":69},[55,4547,2764],{"class":91},[55,4549,3617],{"class":69},[55,4551,4517],{"class":91},[55,4553,4554],{"class":118},"  # False\n",[20,4556,4557,4558,92],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4559,3452],{},[1003,4561,4563,4564,4566,4567],{"id":4562},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4565,3377],{}," is ",[15,4568,3380],{},[20,4570,4571],{},"This is expected behavior:",[46,4573,4575],{"className":48,"code":4574,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4576,4577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4578,4579,4581,4583,4585,4588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4580,106],{"class":105},[55,4582,109],{"class":91},[55,4584,3493],{"class":105},[55,4586,4587],{"class":91},"([]))",[55,4589,3442],{"class":118},[20,4591,4592,4593,4595],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4594,3380],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4597,4598],{},"Useful quick tests:",[46,4600,4602],{"className":48,"code":4601,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4603,4604,4626,4648,4695,4731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4605,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4607,106],{"class":105},[55,4609,109],{"class":91},[55,4611,3493],{"class":105},[55,4613,2758],{"class":91},[55,4615,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4617,2764],{"class":91},[55,4619,2767],{"class":1210},[55,4621,2764],{"class":91},[55,4623,2223],{"class":1210},[55,4625,2774],{"class":91},[55,4627,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4629,106],{"class":105},[55,4631,109],{"class":91},[55,4633,3493],{"class":105},[55,4635,2758],{"class":91},[55,4637,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4639,2764],{"class":91},[55,4641,3612],{"class":1210},[55,4643,2764],{"class":91},[55,4645,2223],{"class":1210},[55,4647,2774],{"class":91},[55,4649,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,4651,106],{"class":105},[55,4653,2758],{"class":91},[55,4655,3647],{"class":1265},[55,4657,109],{"class":91},[55,4659,1947],{"class":95},[55,4661,115],{"class":91},[55,4663,3656],{"class":487},[55,4665,3659],{"class":95},[55,4667,3662],{"class":487},[55,4669,3400],{"class":91},[55,4671,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4673,2764],{"class":91},[55,4675,3612],{"class":1210},[55,4677,2764],{"class":91},[55,4679,3617],{"class":69},[55,4681,2764],{"class":91},[55,4683,3072],{"class":69},[55,4685,3624],{"class":73},[55,4687,3077],{"class":69},[55,4689,2764],{"class":91},[55,4691,3632],{"class":3631},[55,4693,4694],{"class":91},"]])\n",[55,4696,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,4698,106],{"class":105},[55,4700,109],{"class":91},[55,4702,3493],{"class":105},[55,4704,109],{"class":91},[55,4706,2800],{"class":95},[55,4708,4034],{"class":65},[55,4710,3612],{"class":1210},[55,4712,3656],{"class":487},[55,4714,3659],{"class":95},[55,4716,3662],{"class":487},[55,4718,3400],{"class":91},[55,4720,2761],{"class":1210},[55,4722,2764],{"class":91},[55,4724,2767],{"class":1210},[55,4726,2764],{"class":91},[55,4728,2223],{"class":1210},[55,4730,2774],{"class":91},[55,4732,4733,4735,4737,4739],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,4734,106],{"class":105},[55,4736,109],{"class":91},[55,4738,3493],{"class":105},[55,4740,4210],{"class":91},[131,4742,4744,4745],{"id":4743},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4746,3354],{},[20,4748,4749,4751],{},[15,4750,3354],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4753,4754],{},"Common use cases:",[30,4756,4757,4760,4763],{},[33,4758,4759],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,4761,4762],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,4764,4765],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4767,4768],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[46,4770,4772],{"className":48,"code":4771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4773,4774,4810],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4775,4776,4779,4781,4783,4785,4788,4790,4792,4794,4797,4799,4801,4803,4806,4808],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4777,4778],{"class":61},"names ",[55,4780,66],{"class":65},[55,4782,3400],{"class":91},[55,4784,3077],{"class":69},[55,4786,4787],{"class":73},"Alice",[55,4789,3077],{"class":69},[55,4791,2764],{"class":91},[55,4793,3072],{"class":69},[55,4795,4796],{"class":73},"Bob",[55,4798,3077],{"class":69},[55,4800,2764],{"class":91},[55,4802,3072],{"class":69},[55,4804,4805],{"class":73},"Charlie",[55,4807,3077],{"class":69},[55,4809,3413],{"class":91},[55,4811,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4823],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4813,106],{"class":105},[55,4815,109],{"class":91},[55,4817,3493],{"class":105},[55,4819,109],{"class":91},[55,4821,4822],{"class":95},"names",[55,4824,1273],{"class":91},[20,4826,357],{},[46,4828,4829],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4830,4831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4832,4833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4834,3760],{"class":3631},[20,4836,4837],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[46,4839,4841],{"className":48,"code":4840,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4842,4843,4867],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4844,4845,4848,4850,4852,4855,4857,4860,4862,4865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4846,4847],{"class":61},"scores ",[55,4849,66],{"class":65},[55,4851,3400],{"class":91},[55,4853,4854],{"class":1210},"75",[55,4856,2764],{"class":91},[55,4858,4859],{"class":1210}," 80",[55,4861,2764],{"class":91},[55,4863,4864],{"class":1210}," 50",[55,4866,3413],{"class":91},[55,4868,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4880,4883,4885,4887,4890,4892,4895],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,4870,106],{"class":105},[55,4872,109],{"class":91},[55,4874,3493],{"class":105},[55,4876,109],{"class":91},[55,4878,4879],{"class":95},"score ",[55,4881,4882],{"class":65},">=",[55,4884,4864],{"class":1210},[55,4886,3656],{"class":487},[55,4888,4889],{"class":95}," score ",[55,4891,3662],{"class":487},[55,4893,4894],{"class":95}," scores",[55,4896,1273],{"class":91},[20,4898,357],{},[46,4900,4901],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,4902,4903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4904,4905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4906,3760],{"class":3631},[20,4908,4909],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4911,4912,4913,1377,4917,92],{},"For related tasks, see ",[166,4914,4916],{"href":4915},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[166,4918,4920],{"href":4919},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[131,4922,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,4924,1603,4926,4928],{"id":4925},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4927,3354],{}," return in Python?",[20,4930,4931,4932,4934,4935,4937],{},"It returns ",[15,4933,3380],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4936,3452],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1003,4939,4941,4942,4944,4945,1631],{"id":4940},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4943,3377],{}," return ",[15,4946,3380],{},[20,4948,4949],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1003,4951,4953,4954,4956],{"id":4952},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4955,3354],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4958,4959],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1003,4961,1626,4963,1377,4965,1631],{"id":4962},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4964,3354],{},[15,4966,4967],{},"any()",[20,4969,4970,4972,4973,4975,4976,92],{},[15,4971,3354],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4974,4967],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[166,4977,1686,4979,1689],{"href":4978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4980,4967],{},[131,4982,1643],{"id":1642},[30,4984,4985,4991,4995,5000,5005,5010],{},[33,4986,4987],{},[166,4988,1686,4989,1689],{"href":4978},[15,4990,4967],{},[33,4992,4993],{},[166,4994,3585],{"href":3584},[33,4996,4997],{},[166,4998,4999],{"href":4919},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5001,5002],{},[166,5003,5004],{"href":4915},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,5006,5007],{},[166,5008,5009],{"href":4174},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,5011,5012],{},[166,5013,5014],{"href":4178},"What is an iterable in Python",[1696,5016,5017],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":5019},[5020,5021,5023,5024,5029,5031,5032,5041,5043,5053],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":3455,"depth":80,"text":5022},"What all() does",{"id":3506,"depth":80,"text":3507},{"id":3711,"depth":80,"text":3712,"children":5025},[5026,5027,5028],{"id":3715,"depth":102,"text":3716},{"id":3776,"depth":102,"text":3777},{"id":3840,"depth":102,"text":3841},{"id":3979,"depth":80,"text":5030},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4182,"depth":80,"text":4183},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":5033},[5034,5035,5037,5039],{"id":4304,"depth":102,"text":4305},{"id":4361,"depth":102,"text":5036},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4485,"depth":102,"text":5038},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4562,"depth":102,"text":5040},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4743,"depth":80,"text":5042},"When to use all()",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":5044},[5045,5047,5049,5051],{"id":4925,"depth":102,"text":5046},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4940,"depth":102,"text":5048},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4952,"depth":102,"text":5050},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4962,"depth":102,"text":5052},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3346,"description":5054},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5061,"title":5062,"body":5063,"description":6754,"extension":1733,"meta":6755,"navigation":248,"path":4978,"seo":6756,"stem":6757,"__hash__":6758},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5064,"toc":6732},[5065,5068,5076,5079,5096,5104,5148,5157,5161,5166,5169,5186,5189,5200,5212,5216,5219,5234,5239,5242,5254,5257,5342,5345,5366,5372,5374,5382,5396,5398,5432,5434,5437,5498,5500,5517,5520,5547,5549,5557,5569,5573,5576,5615,5617,5625,5627,5643,5651,5654,5697,5699,5707,5712,5716,5724,5727,5754,5757,5760,5834,5836,5844,5851,5875,5886,5889,5968,5970,5978,5985,5989,5994,6009,6011,6019,6022,6028,6031,6077,6079,6096,6100,6105,6116,6119,6232,6235,6294,6300,6302,6307,6311,6313,6332,6338,6341,6360,6364,6373,6400,6402,6410,6418,6422,6428,6451,6453,6461,6468,6472,6475,6526,6529,6580,6583,6585,6589,6596,6600,6607,6611,6619,6623,6626,6648,6650,6700,6702,6729],[10,5066,5062],{"id":5067},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5069,5070,5072,5073,92],{},[15,5071,4967],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[123,5074,5075],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5077,5078],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,5080,5081,5084,5087,5090,5093],{},[33,5082,5083],{},"lists",[33,5085,5086],{},"tuples",[33,5088,5089],{},"sets",[33,5091,5092],{},"strings",[33,5094,5095],{},"generator expressions",[20,5097,5098,5099,2651,5101,5103],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5100,3380],{},[15,5102,3452],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[46,5105,5107],{"className":48,"code":5106,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5108,5109,5129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5110,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5112,3601],{"class":61},[55,5114,66],{"class":65},[55,5116,3400],{"class":91},[55,5118,1894],{"class":1210},[55,5120,2764],{"class":91},[55,5122,3617],{"class":69},[55,5124,2764],{"class":91},[55,5126,4388],{"class":1210},[55,5128,3413],{"class":91},[55,5130,5131,5133,5135,5138,5140,5143,5146],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5132,106],{"class":105},[55,5134,109],{"class":91},[55,5136,5137],{"class":105},"any",[55,5139,109],{"class":91},[55,5141,5142],{"class":95},"values",[55,5144,5145],{"class":91},"))",[55,5147,3442],{"class":118},[20,5149,1866,5150,5153,5154,5156],{},[15,5151,5152],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5155,3380],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[131,5158,5160],{"id":5159},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5162,5163,5165],{},[15,5164,4967],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5167,5168],{},"It returns:",[30,5170,5171,5176,5181],{},[33,5172,5173,5175],{},[15,5174,3380],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,5177,5178,5180],{},[15,5179,3452],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5182,5183,5185],{},[15,5184,3452],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5187,5188],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5190,5191,5194,5197],{},[33,5192,5193],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5195,5196],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5198,5199],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5201,5202,5203,5206,5207,92],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[123,5204,5205],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[166,5208,5210],{"href":5209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5211,3354],{},[131,5213,5215],{"id":5214},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5217,5218],{},"The syntax is simple:",[46,5220,5222],{"className":48,"code":5221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5223,5224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5225,5226,5228,5230,5232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5227,5137],{"class":105},[55,5229,109],{"class":91},[55,5231,3498],{"class":95},[55,5233,342],{"class":91},[20,5235,5236,5237,92],{},"The argument must be an ",[123,5238,3498],{},[20,5240,5241],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5243,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252],{},[33,5245,5083],{},[33,5247,5086],{},[33,5249,5089],{},[33,5251,5092],{},[33,5253,5095],{},[20,5255,5256],{},"For example:",[46,5258,5260],{"className":48,"code":5259,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5261,5262,5285,5304,5324],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5263,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280,5283],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5265,106],{"class":105},[55,5267,109],{"class":91},[55,5269,5137],{"class":105},[55,5271,2758],{"class":91},[55,5273,1894],{"class":1210},[55,5275,2764],{"class":91},[55,5277,3612],{"class":1210},[55,5279,2764],{"class":91},[55,5281,5282],{"class":1210}," 1",[55,5284,2774],{"class":91},[55,5286,5287,5289,5291,5293,5296,5298,5300,5302],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5288,106],{"class":105},[55,5290,109],{"class":91},[55,5292,5137],{"class":105},[55,5294,5295],{"class":91},"((",[55,5297,3452],{"class":3631},[55,5299,2764],{"class":91},[55,5301,3687],{"class":3631},[55,5303,2685],{"class":91},[55,5305,5306,5308,5310,5312,5315,5317,5319,5321],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,5307,106],{"class":105},[55,5309,109],{"class":91},[55,5311,5137],{"class":105},[55,5313,5314],{"class":91},"({",[55,5316,1894],{"class":1210},[55,5318,2764],{"class":91},[55,5320,2767],{"class":1210},[55,5322,5323],{"class":91},"}))\n",[55,5325,5326,5328,5330,5332,5334,5336,5338,5340],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,5327,106],{"class":105},[55,5329,109],{"class":91},[55,5331,5137],{"class":105},[55,5333,109],{"class":91},[55,5335,228],{"class":69},[55,5337,3624],{"class":73},[55,5339,228],{"class":69},[55,5341,1273],{"class":91},[20,5343,5344],{},"Expected output:",[46,5346,5348],{"className":48,"code":5347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5349,5350,5354,5358,5362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5351,5352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5353,3760],{"class":3631},[55,5355,5356],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5357,3821],{"class":3631},[55,5359,5360],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,5361,3760],{"class":3631},[55,5363,5364],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,5365,3760],{"class":3631},[20,5367,5368,5369,92],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[166,5370,4920],{"href":5371},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[131,5373,3507],{"id":3506},[20,5375,3510,5376,2651,5379,3515],{},[123,5377,5378],{},"truthy",[123,5380,5381],{},"falsy",[30,5383,5384,5390],{},[33,5385,5386,3523,5388],{},[123,5387,3522],{},[15,5389,3380],{},[33,5391,5392,3523,5394],{},[123,5393,3530],{},[15,5395,3452],{},[20,5397,3535],{},[30,5399,5400,5404,5408,5412,5416,5420,5424,5428],{},[33,5401,5402],{},[15,5403,3452],{},[33,5405,5406],{},[15,5407,1894],{},[33,5409,5410],{},[15,5411,3546],{},[33,5413,5414],{},[15,5415,3551],{},[33,5417,5418],{},[15,5419,3565],{},[33,5421,5422],{},[15,5423,3570],{},[33,5425,5426],{},[15,5427,3575],{},[33,5429,5430],{},[15,5431,3556],{},[20,5433,3578],{},[20,5435,5436],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[46,5438,5440],{"className":48,"code":5439,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5441,5442,5456,5474],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5443,5444,5446,5448,5450,5452,5454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5445,106],{"class":105},[55,5447,109],{"class":91},[55,5449,5137],{"class":105},[55,5451,2758],{"class":91},[55,5453,2761],{"class":1210},[55,5455,2774],{"class":91},[55,5457,5458,5460,5462,5464,5466,5468,5470,5472],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5459,106],{"class":105},[55,5461,109],{"class":91},[55,5463,5137],{"class":105},[55,5465,2758],{"class":91},[55,5467,3077],{"class":69},[55,5469,3624],{"class":73},[55,5471,3077],{"class":69},[55,5473,2774],{"class":91},[55,5475,5476,5478,5480,5482,5485,5487,5489,5491,5493,5495],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,5477,106],{"class":105},[55,5479,109],{"class":91},[55,5481,5137],{"class":105},[55,5483,5484],{"class":91},"([[",[55,5486,2761],{"class":1210},[55,5488,2764],{"class":91},[55,5490,2767],{"class":1210},[55,5492,2764],{"class":91},[55,5494,2223],{"class":1210},[55,5496,5497],{"class":91},"]]))\n",[20,5499,5344],{},[46,5501,5503],{"className":48,"code":5502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5504,5505,5509,5513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5506,5507],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5508,3760],{"class":3631},[55,5510,5511],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5512,3760],{"class":3631},[55,5514,5515],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,5516,3760],{"class":3631},[20,5518,5519],{},"And these are all falsy:",[46,5521,5523],{"className":48,"code":5522,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5524,5525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5526,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543,5545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5528,106],{"class":105},[55,5530,109],{"class":91},[55,5532,5137],{"class":105},[55,5534,2758],{"class":91},[55,5536,1894],{"class":1210},[55,5538,2764],{"class":91},[55,5540,3617],{"class":69},[55,5542,2764],{"class":91},[55,5544,3632],{"class":3631},[55,5546,2774],{"class":91},[20,5548,5344],{},[46,5550,5551],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5552,5553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5554,5555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5556,3821],{"class":3631},[20,5558,5559,5560,1377,5563,92],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[166,5561,3585],{"href":5562},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[166,5564,5566,5568],{"href":5565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5567,3591],{}," explained",[131,5570,5572],{"id":5571},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5574,5575],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[46,5577,5579],{"className":48,"code":5578,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5580,5581,5601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5582,5583,5585,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595,5597,5599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5584,3601],{"class":61},[55,5586,66],{"class":65},[55,5588,3400],{"class":91},[55,5590,1894],{"class":1210},[55,5592,2764],{"class":91},[55,5594,3617],{"class":69},[55,5596,2764],{"class":91},[55,5598,4388],{"class":1210},[55,5600,3413],{"class":91},[55,5602,5603,5605,5607,5609,5611,5613],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5604,106],{"class":105},[55,5606,109],{"class":91},[55,5608,5137],{"class":105},[55,5610,109],{"class":91},[55,5612,5142],{"class":95},[55,5614,1273],{"class":91},[20,5616,357],{},[46,5618,5619],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5620,5621],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5622,5623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5624,3760],{"class":3631},[20,5626,4223],{},[30,5628,5629,5634,5638],{},[33,5630,5631,5633],{},[15,5632,1894],{}," is falsy",[33,5635,5636,5633],{},[15,5637,3551],{},[33,5639,5640,5642],{},[15,5641,1911],{}," is truthy",[20,5644,5645,5646,2168,5649,92],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5647,5648],{},"any(values)",[15,5650,3380],{},[20,5652,5653],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[46,5655,5657],{"className":48,"code":5656,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5658,5659,5683],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5660,5661,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679,5681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5662,3601],{"class":61},[55,5664,66],{"class":65},[55,5666,3400],{"class":91},[55,5668,1894],{"class":1210},[55,5670,2764],{"class":91},[55,5672,3617],{"class":69},[55,5674,2764],{"class":91},[55,5676,3632],{"class":3631},[55,5678,2764],{"class":91},[55,5680,3687],{"class":3631},[55,5682,3413],{"class":91},[55,5684,5685,5687,5689,5691,5693,5695],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5686,106],{"class":105},[55,5688,109],{"class":91},[55,5690,5137],{"class":105},[55,5692,109],{"class":91},[55,5694,5142],{"class":95},[55,5696,1273],{"class":91},[20,5698,357],{},[46,5700,5701],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5702,5703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5704,5705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5706,3821],{"class":3631},[20,5708,5709,5710,92],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5711,3452],{},[131,5713,5715],{"id":5714},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5717,5718,5720,5721,92],{},[15,5719,4967],{}," is often used with a ",[123,5722,5723],{},"generator expression",[20,5725,5726],{},"This is a common pattern:",[46,5728,5730],{"className":48,"code":5729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5731,5732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5733,5734,5736,5738,5741,5744,5747,5749,5752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5735,5137],{"class":105},[55,5737,109],{"class":91},[55,5739,5740],{"class":95},"condition ",[55,5742,5743],{"class":487},"for",[55,5745,5746],{"class":95}," item ",[55,5748,3662],{"class":487},[55,5750,5751],{"class":95}," items",[55,5753,342],{"class":91},[20,5755,5756],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5758,5759],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[46,5761,5763],{"className":48,"code":5762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5764,5765,5793,5797,5824],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5766,5767,5769,5771,5773,5775,5777,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788,5791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5768,3395],{"class":61},[55,5770,66],{"class":65},[55,5772,3400],{"class":91},[55,5774,2277],{"class":1210},[55,5776,2764],{"class":91},[55,5778,5779],{"class":1210}," 7",[55,5781,2764],{"class":91},[55,5783,1995],{"class":65},[55,5785,1829],{"class":1210},[55,5787,2764],{"class":91},[55,5789,5790],{"class":1210}," 10",[55,5792,3413],{"class":91},[55,5794,5795],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5796,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,5798,5799,5801,5803,5806,5808,5810,5812,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,5800,83],{"class":61},[55,5802,66],{"class":65},[55,5804,5805],{"class":105}," any",[55,5807,109],{"class":91},[55,5809,2800],{"class":95},[55,5811,3066],{"class":65},[55,5813,3612],{"class":1210},[55,5815,3656],{"class":487},[55,5817,3659],{"class":95},[55,5819,3662],{"class":487},[55,5821,4045],{"class":95},[55,5823,342],{"class":91},[55,5825,5826,5828,5830,5832],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,5827,106],{"class":105},[55,5829,109],{"class":91},[55,5831,112],{"class":95},[55,5833,342],{"class":91},[20,5835,357],{},[46,5837,5838],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5839,5840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5841,5842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5843,3760],{"class":3631},[20,5845,5846,5847,5850],{},"This works because ",[15,5848,5849],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,5852,5853,5861,5868],{},[33,5854,5855,5858,5859],{},[15,5856,5857],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5860,3452],{},[33,5862,5863,5858,5866],{},[15,5864,5865],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5867,3452],{},[33,5869,5870,5858,5873],{},[15,5871,5872],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5874,3380],{},[20,5876,5877,5878,5880,5881,5883,5884,92],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5879,3380],{}," result, ",[15,5882,4967],{}," can return ",[15,5885,3380],{},[20,5887,5888],{},"Here is another example:",[46,5890,5892],{"className":48,"code":5891,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5893,5894,5923,5927,5957],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5895,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906,5908,5910,5913,5915,5917,5919,5921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5897,3851],{"class":61},[55,5899,66],{"class":65},[55,5901,3400],{"class":91},[55,5903,228],{"class":69},[55,5905,3860],{"class":73},[55,5907,228],{"class":69},[55,5909,2764],{"class":91},[55,5911,5912],{"class":69}," \"\"",[55,5914,2764],{"class":91},[55,5916,70],{"class":69},[55,5918,3869],{"class":73},[55,5920,228],{"class":69},[55,5922,3413],{"class":91},[55,5924,5925],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,5926,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,5928,5929,5932,5934,5936,5938,5941,5943,5945,5947,5950,5952,5955],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,5930,5931],{"class":61},"has_empty_string ",[55,5933,66],{"class":65},[55,5935,5805],{"class":105},[55,5937,109],{"class":91},[55,5939,5940],{"class":95},"word ",[55,5942,1326],{"class":65},[55,5944,5912],{"class":69},[55,5946,3656],{"class":487},[55,5948,5949],{"class":95}," word ",[55,5951,3662],{"class":487},[55,5953,5954],{"class":95}," words",[55,5956,342],{"class":91},[55,5958,5959,5961,5963,5966],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,5960,106],{"class":105},[55,5962,109],{"class":91},[55,5964,5965],{"class":95},"has_empty_string",[55,5967,342],{"class":91},[20,5969,357],{},[46,5971,5972],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,5973,5974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5975,5976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5977,3760],{"class":3631},[20,5979,5980,5981,92],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[166,5982,5984],{"href":5983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[131,5986,5988],{"id":5987},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5990,5991,5992,539],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5993,3452],{},[46,5995,5997],{"className":48,"code":5996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5998,5999],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6000,6001,6003,6005,6007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6002,106],{"class":105},[55,6004,109],{"class":91},[55,6006,5137],{"class":105},[55,6008,4210],{"class":91},[20,6010,357],{},[46,6012,6013],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6014,6015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6016,6017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6018,3821],{"class":3631},[20,6020,6021],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6023,6024,6025,6027],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6026,4967],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6029,6030],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[46,6032,6034],{"className":48,"code":6033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6035,6036,6046,6061],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6037,6038,6040,6042,6044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6039,106],{"class":105},[55,6041,109],{"class":91},[55,6043,5137],{"class":105},[55,6045,4268],{"class":91},[55,6047,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056,6059],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6049,106],{"class":105},[55,6051,109],{"class":91},[55,6053,5137],{"class":105},[55,6055,109],{"class":91},[55,6057,6058],{"class":69},"\"\"",[55,6060,1273],{"class":91},[55,6062,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6074],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,6064,106],{"class":105},[55,6066,109],{"class":91},[55,6068,5137],{"class":105},[55,6070,109],{"class":91},[55,6072,6073],{"class":1265},"set",[55,6075,6076],{"class":91},"()))\n",[20,6078,357],{},[46,6080,6082],{"className":48,"code":6081,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6083,6084,6088,6092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6085,6086],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6087,3821],{"class":3631},[55,6089,6090],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6091,3821],{"class":3631},[55,6093,6094],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,6095,3821],{"class":3631},[131,6097,6099],{"id":6098},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6101,1866,6102,6104],{},[15,6103,4967],{}," when you want to:",[30,6106,6107,6110,6113],{},[33,6108,6109],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,6111,6112],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,6114,6115],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6117,6118],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[46,6120,6122],{"className":48,"code":6121,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6123,6124,6149,6153,6163,6167,6180,6198,6209,6215,6220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6125,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144,6147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6127,3395],{"class":61},[55,6129,66],{"class":65},[55,6131,3400],{"class":91},[55,6133,2761],{"class":1210},[55,6135,2764],{"class":91},[55,6137,2223],{"class":1210},[55,6139,2764],{"class":91},[55,6141,4388],{"class":1210},[55,6143,2764],{"class":91},[55,6145,6146],{"class":1210}," 8",[55,6148,3413],{"class":91},[55,6150,6151],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6152,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,6154,6155,6158,6160],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,6156,6157],{"class":61},"found_even ",[55,6159,66],{"class":65},[55,6161,6162],{"class":3631}," False\n",[55,6164,6165],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,6166,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,6168,6169,6171,6174,6176,6178],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,6170,5743],{"class":487},[55,6172,6173],{"class":61}," number ",[55,6175,3662],{"class":487},[55,6177,4045],{"class":61},[55,6179,511],{"class":91},[55,6181,6182,6185,6187,6190,6192,6194,6196],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,6183,6184],{"class":487},"    if",[55,6186,6173],{"class":61},[55,6188,6189],{"class":65},"%",[55,6191,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6193,501],{"class":65},[55,6195,3612],{"class":1210},[55,6197,511],{"class":91},[55,6199,6201,6204,6206],{"class":57,"line":6200},7,[55,6202,6203],{"class":61},"        found_even ",[55,6205,66],{"class":65},[55,6207,6208],{"class":3631}," True\n",[55,6210,6212],{"class":57,"line":6211},8,[55,6213,6214],{"class":487},"        break\n",[55,6216,6218],{"class":57,"line":6217},9,[55,6219,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,6221,6223,6225,6227,6230],{"class":57,"line":6222},10,[55,6224,106],{"class":105},[55,6226,109],{"class":91},[55,6228,6229],{"class":95},"found_even",[55,6231,342],{"class":91},[20,6233,6234],{},"You can write:",[46,6236,6238],{"className":48,"code":6237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6239,6240,6264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6241,6242,6244,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6243,3395],{"class":61},[55,6245,66],{"class":65},[55,6247,3400],{"class":91},[55,6249,2761],{"class":1210},[55,6251,2764],{"class":91},[55,6253,2223],{"class":1210},[55,6255,2764],{"class":91},[55,6257,4388],{"class":1210},[55,6259,2764],{"class":91},[55,6261,6146],{"class":1210},[55,6263,3413],{"class":91},[55,6265,6266,6268,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284,6286,6288,6290,6292],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6267,106],{"class":105},[55,6269,109],{"class":91},[55,6271,5137],{"class":105},[55,6273,109],{"class":91},[55,6275,1205],{"class":95},[55,6277,6189],{"class":65},[55,6279,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6281,501],{"class":65},[55,6283,3612],{"class":1210},[55,6285,3656],{"class":487},[55,6287,6173],{"class":95},[55,6289,3662],{"class":487},[55,6291,4045],{"class":95},[55,6293,1273],{"class":91},[20,6295,6296,6297,6299],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6298,4967],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[131,6301,4301],{"id":4300},[20,6303,6304,6305,92],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6306,4967],{},[1003,6308,6310],{"id":6309},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6312,4308],{},[46,6314,6316],{"className":48,"code":6315,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6317,6318],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6319,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6321,106],{"class":105},[55,6323,109],{"class":91},[55,6325,5137],{"class":105},[55,6327,109],{"class":91},[55,6329,1911],{"class":1210},[55,6331,1273],{"class":91},[20,6333,6334,6335,6337],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6336,1911],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6339,6340],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[46,6342,6344],{"className":48,"code":6343,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6345,6346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6347,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6349,106],{"class":105},[55,6351,109],{"class":91},[55,6353,5137],{"class":105},[55,6355,2758],{"class":91},[55,6357,1911],{"class":1210},[55,6359,2774],{"class":91},[1003,6361,6363],{"id":6362},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6365,6366,6368,6369,6372],{},[15,6367,4967],{}," needs only ",[123,6370,6371],{},"one"," truthy item.",[46,6374,6376],{"className":48,"code":6375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6377,6378],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6379,6380,6382,6384,6386,6388,6390,6392,6394,6396,6398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6381,106],{"class":105},[55,6383,109],{"class":91},[55,6385,5137],{"class":105},[55,6387,2758],{"class":91},[55,6389,3452],{"class":3631},[55,6391,2764],{"class":91},[55,6393,3687],{"class":3631},[55,6395,2764],{"class":91},[55,6397,3696],{"class":3631},[55,6399,2774],{"class":91},[20,6401,357],{},[46,6403,6404],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6405,6406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6407,6408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6409,3760],{"class":3631},[20,6411,6412,6413,6417],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[166,6414,6415],{"href":5209},[15,6416,3354],{}," instead.",[1003,6419,6421],{"id":6420},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6423,6424,6425,92],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6426,6427],{},"\"True\"",[46,6429,6431],{"className":48,"code":6430,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6432,6433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6434,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6436,106],{"class":105},[55,6438,109],{"class":91},[55,6440,5137],{"class":105},[55,6442,2758],{"class":91},[55,6444,228],{"class":69},[55,6446,3452],{"class":73},[55,6448,228],{"class":69},[55,6450,2774],{"class":91},[20,6452,357],{},[46,6454,6455],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6456,6457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6458,6459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6460,3760],{"class":3631},[20,6462,6463,6464,6467],{},"That is because ",[15,6465,6466],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1003,6469,6471],{"id":6470},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6473,6474],{},"This works:",[46,6476,6478],{"className":48,"code":6477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6479,6480,6500],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6481,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6483,3395],{"class":61},[55,6485,66],{"class":65},[55,6487,3400],{"class":91},[55,6489,2761],{"class":1210},[55,6491,2764],{"class":91},[55,6493,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6495,2764],{"class":91},[55,6497,2223],{"class":1210},[55,6499,3413],{"class":91},[55,6501,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6503,106],{"class":105},[55,6505,109],{"class":91},[55,6507,5137],{"class":105},[55,6509,2758],{"class":91},[55,6511,2800],{"class":95},[55,6513,4034],{"class":65},[55,6515,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6517,3656],{"class":487},[55,6519,3659],{"class":95},[55,6521,3662],{"class":487},[55,6523,4045],{"class":95},[55,6525,2774],{"class":91},[20,6527,6528],{},"But this is usually better:",[46,6530,6532],{"className":48,"code":6531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6533,6534,6554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6535,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6552],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6537,3395],{"class":61},[55,6539,66],{"class":65},[55,6541,3400],{"class":91},[55,6543,2761],{"class":1210},[55,6545,2764],{"class":91},[55,6547,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6549,2764],{"class":91},[55,6551,2223],{"class":1210},[55,6553,3413],{"class":91},[55,6555,6556,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6557,106],{"class":105},[55,6559,109],{"class":91},[55,6561,5137],{"class":105},[55,6563,109],{"class":91},[55,6565,2800],{"class":95},[55,6567,4034],{"class":65},[55,6569,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6571,3656],{"class":487},[55,6573,3659],{"class":95},[55,6575,3662],{"class":487},[55,6577,4045],{"class":95},[55,6579,1273],{"class":91},[20,6581,6582],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[131,6584,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,6586,6588],{"id":6587},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6590,4931,6591,6593,6594,92],{},[15,6592,3380],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6595,3452],{},[1003,6597,6599],{"id":6598},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6601,6602,2168,6604,6606],{},[15,6603,4967],{},[15,6605,3452],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1003,6608,6610],{"id":6609},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6612,6613,6615,6616,6618],{},[15,6614,4967],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6617,3354],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1003,6620,6622],{"id":6621},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6624,6625],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[46,6627,6628],{"className":48,"code":5729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6629,6630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6631,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6633,5137],{"class":105},[55,6635,109],{"class":91},[55,6637,5740],{"class":95},[55,6639,5743],{"class":487},[55,6641,5746],{"class":95},[55,6643,3662],{"class":487},[55,6645,5751],{"class":95},[55,6647,342],{"class":91},[20,6649,5256],{},[46,6651,6652],{"className":48,"code":6531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6653,6654,6674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6655,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6657,3395],{"class":61},[55,6659,66],{"class":65},[55,6661,3400],{"class":91},[55,6663,2761],{"class":1210},[55,6665,2764],{"class":91},[55,6667,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6669,2764],{"class":91},[55,6671,2223],{"class":1210},[55,6673,3413],{"class":91},[55,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6677,106],{"class":105},[55,6679,109],{"class":91},[55,6681,5137],{"class":105},[55,6683,109],{"class":91},[55,6685,2800],{"class":95},[55,6687,4034],{"class":65},[55,6689,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6691,3656],{"class":487},[55,6693,3659],{"class":95},[55,6695,3662],{"class":487},[55,6697,4045],{"class":95},[55,6699,1273],{"class":91},[131,6701,1643],{"id":1642},[30,6703,6704,6710,6714,6718,6723],{},[33,6705,6706],{},[166,6707,6708,1689],{"href":5209},[15,6709,3354],{},[33,6711,6712],{},[166,6713,3585],{"href":5562},[33,6715,6716],{},[166,6717,4999],{"href":5371},[33,6719,6720],{},[166,6721,6722],{"href":5983},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6724,6725],{},[166,6726,6727,1689],{"href":5565},[15,6728,3591],{},[1696,6730,6731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":6733},[6734,6735,6736,6737,6738,6739,6740,6741,6747,6753],{"id":5159,"depth":80,"text":5160},{"id":5214,"depth":80,"text":5215},{"id":3506,"depth":80,"text":3507},{"id":5571,"depth":80,"text":5572},{"id":5714,"depth":80,"text":5715},{"id":5987,"depth":80,"text":5988},{"id":6098,"depth":80,"text":6099},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":6742},[6743,6744,6745,6746],{"id":6309,"depth":102,"text":6310},{"id":6362,"depth":102,"text":6363},{"id":6420,"depth":102,"text":6421},{"id":6470,"depth":102,"text":6471},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":6748},[6749,6750,6751,6752],{"id":6587,"depth":102,"text":6588},{"id":6598,"depth":102,"text":6599},{"id":6609,"depth":102,"text":6610},{"id":6621,"depth":102,"text":6622},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5062,"description":6754},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6760,"title":6761,"body":6762,"description":8883,"extension":1733,"meta":8884,"navigation":248,"path":8885,"seo":8886,"stem":8887,"__hash__":8888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6763,"toc":8846},[6764,6767,6776,6785,6787,6884,6886,6915,6931,6935,6940,6943,6953,6959,6965,6980,6982,6990,6997,7001,7004,7019,7024,7042,7047,7049,7097,7099,7116,7120,7126,7128,7162,7164,7270,7272,7309,7313,7321,7323,7343,7345,7465,7467,7496,7499,7522,7524,7532,7540,7544,7550,7554,7597,7599,7607,7610,7638,7640,7648,7652,7680,7682,7690,7722,7724,7732,7736,7787,7789,7797,7805,7809,7812,7864,7866,7887,7894,7898,7904,7907,7915,7937,7939,7947,7955,7978,7980,7988,7993,7998,8009,8011,8051,8062,8066,8075,8078,8081,8140,8143,8195,8198,8203,8219,8225,8227,8232,8241,8244,8266,8268,8276,8281,8284,8319,8321,8329,8333,8338,8376,8388,8391,8441,8449,8453,8456,8478,8487,8490,8531,8533,8556,8562,8568,8583,8585,8605,8608,8627,8629,8648,8652,8658,8737,8740,8754,8761,8763,8767,8774,8778,8782,8786,8791,8795,8800,8804,8811,8813,8843],[10,6765,6761],{"id":6766},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6768,1750,6769,6771,6772,2651,6774,92],{},[15,6770,3591],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6773,3380],{},[15,6775,3452],{},[20,6777,6778,6779,6781,6782,6784],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6780,3591],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6783,488],{}," statements and other conditions.",[131,6786,3385],{"id":3384},[46,6788,6790],{"className":48,"code":6789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6791,6792,6806,6820,6834,6852,6862],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6793,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6795,106],{"class":105},[55,6797,109],{"class":91},[55,6799,3647],{"class":1265},[55,6801,109],{"class":91},[55,6803,1894],{"class":1210},[55,6805,1273],{"class":91},[55,6807,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6809,106],{"class":105},[55,6811,109],{"class":91},[55,6813,3647],{"class":1265},[55,6815,109],{"class":91},[55,6817,2761],{"class":1210},[55,6819,1273],{"class":91},[55,6821,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,6823,106],{"class":105},[55,6825,109],{"class":91},[55,6827,3647],{"class":1265},[55,6829,109],{"class":91},[55,6831,6058],{"class":69},[55,6833,1273],{"class":91},[55,6835,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848,6850],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,6837,106],{"class":105},[55,6839,109],{"class":91},[55,6841,3647],{"class":1265},[55,6843,109],{"class":91},[55,6845,228],{"class":69},[55,6847,3624],{"class":73},[55,6849,228],{"class":69},[55,6851,1273],{"class":91},[55,6853,6854,6856,6858,6860],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,6855,106],{"class":105},[55,6857,109],{"class":91},[55,6859,3647],{"class":1265},[55,6861,4210],{"class":91},[55,6863,6864,6866,6868,6870,6872,6874,6876,6878,6880,6882],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,6865,106],{"class":105},[55,6867,109],{"class":91},[55,6869,3647],{"class":1265},[55,6871,2758],{"class":91},[55,6873,2761],{"class":1210},[55,6875,2764],{"class":91},[55,6877,2767],{"class":1210},[55,6879,2764],{"class":91},[55,6881,2223],{"class":1210},[55,6883,2774],{"class":91},[20,6885,5344],{},[46,6887,6889],{"className":48,"code":6888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6890,6891,6895,6899,6903,6907,6911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6892,6893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6894,3821],{"class":3631},[55,6896,6897],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,6898,3760],{"class":3631},[55,6900,6901],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,6902,3821],{"class":3631},[55,6904,6905],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,6906,3760],{"class":3631},[55,6908,6909],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,6910,3821],{"class":3631},[55,6912,6913],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,6914,3760],{"class":3631},[20,6916,1866,6917,6920,6921,2651,6923,6925,6926,6928,6929,92],{},[15,6918,6919],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6922,3380],{},[15,6924,3452],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6927,3452],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6930,3380],{},[131,6932,6934],{"id":6933},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6936,6937,6939],{},[15,6938,3591],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6941,6942],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,6944,6945,6949],{},[33,6946,6947],{},[15,6948,3380],{},[33,6950,6951],{},[15,6952,3452],{},[20,6954,6955,6956,6958],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6957,488],{}," statements.",[20,6960,6961,6962,6964],{},"You can also call ",[15,6963,3591],{}," with no argument:",[46,6966,6968],{"className":48,"code":6967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool())\n",[15,6969,6970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6971,6972,6974,6976,6978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6973,106],{"class":105},[55,6975,109],{"class":91},[55,6977,3647],{"class":1265},[55,6979,1087],{"class":91},[20,6981,357],{},[46,6983,6984],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,6985,6986],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6987,6988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6989,3821],{"class":3631},[20,6991,6992,6993,92],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[166,6994,6996],{"href":6995},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[131,6998,7000],{"id":6999},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7002,7003],{},"The basic syntax is:",[46,7005,7007],{"className":48,"code":7006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bool(value)\n",[15,7008,7009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7010,7011,7013,7015,7017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7012,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7014,109],{"class":91},[55,7016,2245],{"class":95},[55,7018,342],{"class":91},[20,7020,1750,7021,7023],{},[15,7022,2245],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,7025,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7037,7039],{},[33,7027,3427],{},[33,7029,5092],{},[33,7031,5083],{},[33,7033,5086],{},[33,7035,7036],{},"dictionaries",[33,7038,5089],{},[33,7040,7041],{},"other objects",[20,7043,7044,7045,92],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7046,3452],{},[20,7048,214],{},[46,7050,7052],{"className":48,"code":7051,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7053,7054,7068,7087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7055,7056,7058,7060,7062,7064,7066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7057,106],{"class":105},[55,7059,109],{"class":91},[55,7061,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7063,109],{"class":91},[55,7065,2101],{"class":1210},[55,7067,1273],{"class":91},[55,7069,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080,7083,7085],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7071,106],{"class":105},[55,7073,109],{"class":91},[55,7075,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7077,109],{"class":91},[55,7079,228],{"class":69},[55,7081,7082],{"class":73},"Python",[55,7084,228],{"class":69},[55,7086,1273],{"class":91},[55,7088,7089,7091,7093,7095],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7090,106],{"class":105},[55,7092,109],{"class":91},[55,7094,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7096,1087],{"class":91},[20,7098,357],{},[46,7100,7102],{"className":48,"code":7101,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7103,7104,7108,7112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7105,7106],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7107,3760],{"class":3631},[55,7109,7110],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7111,3760],{"class":3631},[55,7113,7114],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7115,3821],{"class":3631},[131,7117,7119],{"id":7118},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7121,7122,7123,7125],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[123,7124,5381],{}," values.",[20,7127,639],{},[30,7129,7130,7134,7138,7142,7146,7150,7154,7158],{},[33,7131,7132],{},[15,7133,1894],{},[33,7135,7136],{},[15,7137,3546],{},[33,7139,7140],{},[15,7141,6058],{},[33,7143,7144],{},[15,7145,3565],{},[33,7147,7148],{},[15,7149,498],{},[33,7151,7152],{},[15,7153,3570],{},[33,7155,7156],{},[15,7157,3575],{},[33,7159,7160],{},[15,7161,3556],{},[20,7163,214],{},[46,7165,7167],{"className":48,"code":7166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7168,7169,7183,7197,7211,7221,7231,7242,7256],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7170,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7172,106],{"class":105},[55,7174,109],{"class":91},[55,7176,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7178,109],{"class":91},[55,7180,1894],{"class":1210},[55,7182,1273],{"class":91},[55,7184,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193,7195],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7186,106],{"class":105},[55,7188,109],{"class":91},[55,7190,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7192,109],{"class":91},[55,7194,3546],{"class":1210},[55,7196,1273],{"class":91},[55,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7200,106],{"class":105},[55,7202,109],{"class":91},[55,7204,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7206,109],{"class":91},[55,7208,6058],{"class":69},[55,7210,1273],{"class":91},[55,7212,7213,7215,7217,7219],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,7214,106],{"class":105},[55,7216,109],{"class":91},[55,7218,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7220,4210],{"class":91},[55,7222,7223,7225,7227,7229],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,7224,106],{"class":105},[55,7226,109],{"class":91},[55,7228,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7230,4268],{"class":91},[55,7232,7233,7235,7237,7239],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,7234,106],{"class":105},[55,7236,109],{"class":91},[55,7238,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7240,7241],{"class":91},"({}))\n",[55,7243,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,7245,106],{"class":105},[55,7247,109],{"class":91},[55,7249,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7251,109],{"class":91},[55,7253,6073],{"class":1265},[55,7255,6076],{"class":91},[55,7257,7258,7260,7262,7264,7266,7268],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,7259,106],{"class":105},[55,7261,109],{"class":91},[55,7263,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7265,109],{"class":91},[55,7267,3556],{"class":3631},[55,7269,1273],{"class":91},[20,7271,357],{},[46,7273,7275],{"className":48,"code":7274,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7276,7277,7281,7285,7289,7293,7297,7301,7305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7278,7279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7280,3821],{"class":3631},[55,7282,7283],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7284,3821],{"class":3631},[55,7286,7287],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7288,3821],{"class":3631},[55,7290,7291],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,7292,3821],{"class":3631},[55,7294,7295],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,7296,3821],{"class":3631},[55,7298,7299],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,7300,3821],{"class":3631},[55,7302,7303],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,7304,3821],{"class":3631},[55,7306,7307],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,7308,3821],{"class":3631},[131,7310,7312],{"id":7311},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7314,7315,7316,7318,7319,7125],{},"Many values become ",[15,7317,3380],{},". These are often called ",[123,7320,5378],{},[20,7322,639],{},[30,7324,7325,7328,7331,7334,7337,7340],{},[33,7326,7327],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7329,7330],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7332,7333],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7335,7336],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7338,7339],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7341,7342],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7344,214],{},[46,7346,7348],{"className":48,"code":7347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7349,7350,7364,7380,7398,7420,7438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7351,7352,7354,7356,7358,7360,7362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7353,106],{"class":105},[55,7355,109],{"class":91},[55,7357,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7359,109],{"class":91},[55,7361,1911],{"class":1210},[55,7363,1273],{"class":91},[55,7365,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7367,106],{"class":105},[55,7369,109],{"class":91},[55,7371,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7373,109],{"class":91},[55,7375,1794],{"class":65},[55,7377,1829],{"class":1210},[55,7379,1273],{"class":91},[55,7381,7382,7384,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394,7396],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7383,106],{"class":105},[55,7385,109],{"class":91},[55,7387,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7389,109],{"class":91},[55,7391,228],{"class":69},[55,7393,3624],{"class":73},[55,7395,228],{"class":69},[55,7397,1273],{"class":91},[55,7399,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416,7418],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,7401,106],{"class":105},[55,7403,109],{"class":91},[55,7405,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7407,2758],{"class":91},[55,7409,2761],{"class":1210},[55,7411,2764],{"class":91},[55,7413,2767],{"class":1210},[55,7415,2764],{"class":91},[55,7417,2223],{"class":1210},[55,7419,2774],{"class":91},[55,7421,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430,7432,7434,7436],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,7423,106],{"class":105},[55,7425,109],{"class":91},[55,7427,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7429,5295],{"class":91},[55,7431,2761],{"class":1210},[55,7433,2764],{"class":91},[55,7435,2767],{"class":1210},[55,7437,2685],{"class":91},[55,7439,7440,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452,7454,7456,7458,7461,7463],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,7441,106],{"class":105},[55,7443,109],{"class":91},[55,7445,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7447,5314],{"class":91},[55,7449,228],{"class":69},[55,7451,273],{"class":73},[55,7453,228],{"class":69},[55,7455,539],{"class":91},[55,7457,70],{"class":69},[55,7459,7460],{"class":73},"Sam",[55,7462,228],{"class":69},[55,7464,5323],{"class":91},[20,7466,357],{},[46,7468,7470],{"className":48,"code":7469,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7471,7472,7476,7480,7484,7488,7492],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7473,7474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7475,3760],{"class":3631},[55,7477,7478],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7479,3760],{"class":3631},[55,7481,7482],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7483,3760],{"class":3631},[55,7485,7486],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,7487,3760],{"class":3631},[55,7489,7490],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,7491,3760],{"class":3631},[55,7493,7494],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,7495,3760],{"class":3631},[20,7497,7498],{},"One important example is this:",[46,7500,7502],{"className":48,"code":7501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7503,7504],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7505,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516,7518,7520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7507,106],{"class":105},[55,7509,109],{"class":91},[55,7511,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7513,109],{"class":91},[55,7515,228],{"class":69},[55,7517,3452],{"class":73},[55,7519,228],{"class":69},[55,7521,1273],{"class":91},[20,7523,357],{},[46,7525,7526],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7527,7528],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7529,7530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7531,3760],{"class":3631},[20,7533,7534,7535,7537,7538,92],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7536,6466],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7539,3380],{},[131,7541,7543],{"id":7542},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7545,7546,7547,7549],{},"You can use ",[15,7548,3591],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1003,7551,7553],{"id":7552},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[46,7555,7557],{"className":48,"code":7556,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7558,7559,7582],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7560,7561,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7575,7577,7580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7562,7563],{"class":61},"items ",[55,7565,66],{"class":65},[55,7567,3400],{"class":91},[55,7569,2101],{"class":1210},[55,7571,2764],{"class":91},[55,7573,7574],{"class":1210}," 20",[55,7576,2764],{"class":91},[55,7578,7579],{"class":1210}," 30",[55,7581,3413],{"class":91},[55,7583,7584,7586,7588,7590,7592,7595],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7585,106],{"class":105},[55,7587,109],{"class":91},[55,7589,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7591,109],{"class":91},[55,7593,7594],{"class":95},"items",[55,7596,1273],{"class":91},[20,7598,357],{},[46,7600,7601],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7602,7603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7604,7605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7606,3760],{"class":3631},[20,7608,7609],{},"With an empty list:",[46,7611,7613],{"className":48,"code":7612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7614,7615,7624],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7616,7617,7619,7621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7618,7563],{"class":61},[55,7620,66],{"class":65},[55,7622,7623],{"class":91}," []\n",[55,7625,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634,7636],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7627,106],{"class":105},[55,7629,109],{"class":91},[55,7631,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7633,109],{"class":91},[55,7635,7594],{"class":95},[55,7637,1273],{"class":91},[20,7639,357],{},[46,7641,7642],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7643,7644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7645,7646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7647,3821],{"class":3631},[1003,7649,7651],{"id":7650},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[46,7653,7655],{"className":48,"code":7654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7656,7657,7666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7658,7659,7661,7663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7660,254],{"class":61},[55,7662,66],{"class":65},[55,7664,7665],{"class":69}," \"\"\n",[55,7667,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7669,106],{"class":105},[55,7671,109],{"class":91},[55,7673,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7675,109],{"class":91},[55,7677,273],{"class":95},[55,7679,1273],{"class":91},[20,7681,357],{},[46,7683,7684],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7685,7686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7687,7688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7689,3821],{"class":3631},[46,7691,7693],{"className":48,"code":7692,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7694,7695,7708],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7696,7697,7699,7701,7703,7706],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7698,254],{"class":61},[55,7700,66],{"class":65},[55,7702,70],{"class":69},[55,7704,7705],{"class":73},"Mia",[55,7707,77],{"class":69},[55,7709,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718,7720],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7711,106],{"class":105},[55,7713,109],{"class":91},[55,7715,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7717,109],{"class":91},[55,7719,273],{"class":95},[55,7721,1273],{"class":91},[20,7723,357],{},[46,7725,7726],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7727,7728],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7729,7730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7731,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,7733,7735],{"id":7734},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[46,7737,7739],{"className":48,"code":7738,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7740,7741,7755,7772,7776],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7742,7743,7746,7748,7750,7753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7744,7745],{"class":61},"username ",[55,7747,66],{"class":65},[55,7749,70],{"class":69},[55,7751,7752],{"class":73},"alex",[55,7754,77],{"class":69},[55,7756,7757,7760,7762,7765,7767,7770],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7758,7759],{"class":61},"has_name ",[55,7761,66],{"class":65},[55,7763,7764],{"class":1265}," bool",[55,7766,109],{"class":91},[55,7768,7769],{"class":95},"username",[55,7771,342],{"class":91},[55,7773,7774],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7775,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,7777,7778,7780,7782,7785],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,7779,106],{"class":105},[55,7781,109],{"class":91},[55,7783,7784],{"class":95},"has_name",[55,7786,342],{"class":91},[20,7788,357],{},[46,7790,7791],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7792,7793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7794,7795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7796,3760],{"class":3631},[20,7798,7799,7800,2651,7802,7804],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7801,3380],{},[15,7803,3452],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1003,7806,7808],{"id":7807},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7810,7811],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[46,7813,7815],{"className":48,"code":7814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7816,7817,7837,7841,7849],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7818,7819,7821,7823,7825,7827,7829,7831,7833,7835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7820,3395],{"class":61},[55,7822,66],{"class":65},[55,7824,3400],{"class":91},[55,7826,2761],{"class":1210},[55,7828,2764],{"class":91},[55,7830,2767],{"class":1210},[55,7832,2764],{"class":91},[55,7834,2223],{"class":1210},[55,7836,3413],{"class":91},[55,7838,7839],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,7840,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,7842,7843,7845,7847],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,7844,488],{"class":487},[55,7846,4045],{"class":61},[55,7848,511],{"class":91},[55,7850,7851,7853,7855,7857,7860,7862],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,7852,516],{"class":105},[55,7854,109],{"class":91},[55,7856,228],{"class":69},[55,7858,7859],{"class":73},"The list is not empty",[55,7861,228],{"class":69},[55,7863,342],{"class":91},[20,7865,357],{},[46,7867,7869],{"className":48,"code":7868,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7870,7871],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7872,7873,7875,7878,7881,7884],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7874,1750],{"class":61},[55,7876,7877],{"class":1265},"list",[55,7879,7880],{"class":65}," is",[55,7882,7883],{"class":65}," not",[55,7885,7886],{"class":61}," empty\n",[20,7888,7889,7890,92],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[166,7891,7893],{"href":7892},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[131,7895,7897],{"id":7896},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7899,7900,7901,7903],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7902,3591],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7905,7906],{},"It does not do that.",[1003,7908,7910,2168,7913],{"id":7909},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7911,7912],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7914,3380],{},[46,7916,7917],{"className":48,"code":7501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7918,7919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7920,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933,7935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7922,106],{"class":105},[55,7924,109],{"class":91},[55,7926,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7928,109],{"class":91},[55,7930,228],{"class":69},[55,7932,3452],{"class":73},[55,7934,228],{"class":69},[55,7936,1273],{"class":91},[20,7938,357],{},[46,7940,7941],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7942,7943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7944,7945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7946,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,7948,7950,2168,7953],{"id":7949},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7951,7952],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7954,3380],{},[46,7956,7958],{"className":48,"code":7957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7959,7960],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7961,7962,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972,7974,7976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7963,106],{"class":105},[55,7965,109],{"class":91},[55,7967,3647],{"class":1265},[55,7969,109],{"class":91},[55,7971,228],{"class":69},[55,7973,1894],{"class":73},[55,7975,228],{"class":69},[55,7977,1273],{"class":91},[20,7979,357],{},[46,7981,7982],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,7983,7984],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7985,7986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7987,3760],{"class":3631},[20,7989,7990,7991,92],{},"This happens because both values are ",[123,7992,7330],{},[20,7994,7995,7997],{},[15,7996,3591],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7999,8000,8001,8005,8006,8008],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[166,8002,8003],{"href":533},[15,8004,537],{},", because ",[15,8007,537],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8010,214],{},[46,8012,8014],{"className":48,"code":8013,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8015,8016,8036],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8017,8018,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8032,8034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8019,8020],{"class":61},"user_value ",[55,8022,66],{"class":65},[55,8024,553],{"class":105},[55,8026,109],{"class":91},[55,8028,228],{"class":69},[55,8030,8031],{"class":73},"Enter True or False: ",[55,8033,228],{"class":69},[55,8035,342],{"class":91},[55,8037,8038,8040,8042,8044,8046,8049],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8039,106],{"class":105},[55,8041,109],{"class":91},[55,8043,3647],{"class":1265},[55,8045,109],{"class":91},[55,8047,8048],{"class":95},"user_value",[55,8050,1273],{"class":91},[20,8052,8053,8054,8056,8057,8005,8059,8061],{},"If the user types ",[15,8055,3452],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8058,3380],{},[15,8060,6466],{}," is not empty.",[131,8063,8065],{"id":8064},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8067,8068,8069,8071,8072,8074],{},"In many ",[15,8070,488],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8073,3591],{}," yourself.",[20,8076,8077],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8079,8080],{},"Instead of this:",[46,8082,8084],{"className":48,"code":8083,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8085,8086,8107,8111,8125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8087,8088,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101,8103,8105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8089,8090],{"class":61},"my_list ",[55,8092,66],{"class":65},[55,8094,3400],{"class":91},[55,8096,2761],{"class":1210},[55,8098,2764],{"class":91},[55,8100,2767],{"class":1210},[55,8102,2764],{"class":91},[55,8104,2223],{"class":1210},[55,8106,3413],{"class":91},[55,8108,8109],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8110,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,8112,8113,8115,8117,8119,8122],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,8114,488],{"class":487},[55,8116,7764],{"class":1265},[55,8118,109],{"class":91},[55,8120,8121],{"class":95},"my_list",[55,8123,8124],{"class":91},"):\n",[55,8126,8127,8129,8131,8133,8136,8138],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,8128,516],{"class":105},[55,8130,109],{"class":91},[55,8132,228],{"class":69},[55,8134,8135],{"class":73},"List has items",[55,8137,228],{"class":69},[55,8139,342],{"class":91},[20,8141,8142],{},"You can simply write:",[46,8144,8146],{"className":48,"code":8145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8147,8148,8168,8172,8181],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8149,8150,8152,8154,8156,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8151,8090],{"class":61},[55,8153,66],{"class":65},[55,8155,3400],{"class":91},[55,8157,2761],{"class":1210},[55,8159,2764],{"class":91},[55,8161,2767],{"class":1210},[55,8163,2764],{"class":91},[55,8165,2223],{"class":1210},[55,8167,3413],{"class":91},[55,8169,8170],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8171,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,8173,8174,8176,8179],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,8175,488],{"class":487},[55,8177,8178],{"class":61}," my_list",[55,8180,511],{"class":91},[55,8182,8183,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,8184,516],{"class":105},[55,8186,109],{"class":91},[55,8188,228],{"class":69},[55,8190,8135],{"class":73},[55,8192,228],{"class":69},[55,8194,342],{"class":91},[20,8196,8197],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8199,1185,8200,8202],{},[15,8201,3591],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8204,8205,8208,8216],{},[33,8206,8207],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8209,8210,8211,2651,8213,8215],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8212,3380],{},[15,8214,3452],{}," value",[33,8217,8218],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8220,8221,8222,92],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[166,8223,8224],{"href":2070},"Python type() function explained",[131,8226,1001],{"id":1000},[20,8228,8229,8230,92],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8231,3591],{},[1003,8233,8235,8236,8238,8239],{"id":8234},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8237,7912],{}," to return ",[15,8240,3452],{},[20,8242,8243],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[46,8245,8246],{"className":48,"code":7501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8247,8248],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8249,8250,8252,8254,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8251,106],{"class":105},[55,8253,109],{"class":91},[55,8255,3647],{"class":1265},[55,8257,109],{"class":91},[55,8259,228],{"class":69},[55,8261,3452],{"class":73},[55,8263,228],{"class":69},[55,8265,1273],{"class":91},[20,8267,357],{},[46,8269,8270],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8271,8272],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8273,8274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8275,3760],{"class":3631},[20,8277,8278,8279,6467],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8280,6466],{},[20,8282,8283],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[46,8285,8287],{"className":48,"code":8286,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8288,8289,8301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8290,8291,8293,8295,8297,8299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8292,2218],{"class":61},[55,8294,66],{"class":65},[55,8296,70],{"class":69},[55,8298,3452],{"class":73},[55,8300,77],{"class":69},[55,8302,8303,8305,8307,8309,8311,8313,8315,8317],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8304,106],{"class":105},[55,8306,109],{"class":91},[55,8308,2218],{"class":95},[55,8310,1326],{"class":65},[55,8312,70],{"class":69},[55,8314,3380],{"class":73},[55,8316,228],{"class":69},[55,8318,342],{"class":91},[20,8320,357],{},[46,8322,8323],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,8324,8325],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8326,8327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8328,3821],{"class":3631},[1003,8330,8332],{"id":8331},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8334,8335,8337],{},[15,8336,537],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[46,8339,8341],{"className":48,"code":8340,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8342,8343,8362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8344,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355,8358,8360],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8346,2218],{"class":61},[55,8348,66],{"class":65},[55,8350,553],{"class":105},[55,8352,109],{"class":91},[55,8354,228],{"class":69},[55,8356,8357],{"class":73},"Enter yes or no: ",[55,8359,228],{"class":69},[55,8361,342],{"class":91},[55,8363,8364,8366,8368,8370,8372,8374],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8365,106],{"class":105},[55,8367,109],{"class":91},[55,8369,3647],{"class":1265},[55,8371,109],{"class":91},[55,8373,2245],{"class":95},[55,8375,1273],{"class":91},[20,8377,8053,8378,8381,8382,8384,8385,8061],{},[15,8379,8380],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8383,3380],{}," because ",[15,8386,8387],{},"\"no\"",[20,8389,8390],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[46,8392,8394],{"className":48,"code":8393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8395,8396,8423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8397,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412,8415,8417,8419,8421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8399,2218],{"class":61},[55,8401,66],{"class":65},[55,8403,553],{"class":105},[55,8405,109],{"class":91},[55,8407,228],{"class":69},[55,8409,8357],{"class":73},[55,8411,228],{"class":69},[55,8413,8414],{"class":91},").",[55,8416,854],{"class":95},[55,8418,857],{"class":91},[55,8420,96],{"class":95},[55,8422,99],{"class":91},[55,8424,8425,8427,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8426,106],{"class":105},[55,8428,109],{"class":91},[55,8430,2218],{"class":95},[55,8432,1326],{"class":65},[55,8434,70],{"class":69},[55,8436,506],{"class":73},[55,8438,228],{"class":69},[55,8440,342],{"class":91},[20,8442,8443,8444,8446,8447,92],{},"This gives ",[15,8445,3380],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8448,506],{},[1003,8450,8452],{"id":8451},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8454,8455],{},"These are different:",[30,8457,8458,8462,8466,8470,8474],{},[33,8459,8460],{},[15,8461,3452],{},[33,8463,8464],{},[15,8465,1894],{},[33,8467,8468],{},[15,8469,6058],{},[33,8471,8472],{},[15,8473,3565],{},[33,8475,8476],{},[15,8477,3556],{},[20,8479,8480,8481,8483,8484,8486],{},"They all become ",[15,8482,3452],{}," with ",[15,8485,3591],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8488,8489],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[46,8491,8493],{"className":48,"code":8492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8494,8495,8503,8517],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8496,8497,8499,8501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8498,2218],{"class":61},[55,8500,66],{"class":65},[55,8502,7623],{"class":91},[55,8504,8505,8507,8509,8511,8513,8515],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8506,106],{"class":105},[55,8508,109],{"class":91},[55,8510,1266],{"class":1265},[55,8512,109],{"class":91},[55,8514,2245],{"class":95},[55,8516,1273],{"class":91},[55,8518,8519,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,8520,106],{"class":105},[55,8522,109],{"class":91},[55,8524,3647],{"class":1265},[55,8526,109],{"class":91},[55,8528,2245],{"class":95},[55,8530,1273],{"class":91},[20,8532,357],{},[46,8534,8536],{"className":48,"code":8535,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8537,8538,8552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8539,8540,8542,8544,8546,8548,8550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8541,3066],{"class":65},[55,8543,3069],{"class":1838},[55,8545,3072],{"class":69},[55,8547,7877],{"class":73},[55,8549,3077],{"class":69},[55,8551,3080],{"class":65},[55,8553,8554],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8555,3821],{"class":3631},[1003,8557,1185,8559,8561],{"id":8558},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8560,3570],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8563,8564,8565,8567],{},"In Python, ",[15,8566,3570],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[46,8569,8571],{"className":48,"code":8570,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8572,8573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8574,8575,8577,8579,8581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8576,106],{"class":105},[55,8578,109],{"class":91},[55,8580,1266],{"class":1265},[55,8582,7241],{"class":91},[20,8584,357],{},[46,8586,8588],{"className":48,"code":8587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8589,8590],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8591,8592,8594,8596,8598,8601,8603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8593,3066],{"class":65},[55,8595,3069],{"class":1838},[55,8597,3072],{"class":69},[55,8599,8600],{"class":73},"dict",[55,8602,3077],{"class":69},[55,8604,3080],{"class":65},[20,8606,8607],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[46,8609,8611],{"className":48,"code":8610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8612,8613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8614,8615,8617,8619,8621,8623,8625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8616,106],{"class":105},[55,8618,109],{"class":91},[55,8620,1266],{"class":1265},[55,8622,109],{"class":91},[55,8624,6073],{"class":1265},[55,8626,6076],{"class":91},[20,8628,357],{},[46,8630,8632],{"className":48,"code":8631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8633,8634],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8635,8636,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8637,3066],{"class":65},[55,8639,3069],{"class":1838},[55,8641,3072],{"class":69},[55,8643,6073],{"class":73},[55,8645,3077],{"class":69},[55,8647,3080],{"class":65},[131,8649,8651],{"id":8650},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8653,8654,8655,8657],{},"If ",[15,8656,3591],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[46,8659,8661],{"className":48,"code":8660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8662,8663,8677,8691,8701,8719],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8664,8665,8667,8669,8671,8673,8675],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8666,106],{"class":105},[55,8668,109],{"class":91},[55,8670,3647],{"class":1265},[55,8672,109],{"class":91},[55,8674,2245],{"class":95},[55,8676,1273],{"class":91},[55,8678,8679,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8680,106],{"class":105},[55,8682,109],{"class":91},[55,8684,1266],{"class":1265},[55,8686,109],{"class":91},[55,8688,2245],{"class":95},[55,8690,1273],{"class":91},[55,8692,8693,8695,8697,8699],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,8694,106],{"class":105},[55,8696,109],{"class":91},[55,8698,2245],{"class":95},[55,8700,342],{"class":91},[55,8702,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,8704,106],{"class":105},[55,8706,109],{"class":91},[55,8708,2218],{"class":95},[55,8710,1326],{"class":65},[55,8712,70],{"class":69},[55,8714,3380],{"class":73},[55,8716,228],{"class":69},[55,8718,342],{"class":91},[55,8720,8721,8723,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,8722,106],{"class":105},[55,8724,109],{"class":91},[55,8726,2245],{"class":95},[55,8728,92],{"class":91},[55,8730,854],{"class":95},[55,8732,857],{"class":91},[55,8734,96],{"class":95},[55,8736,1087],{"class":91},[20,8738,8739],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,8741,8742,8745,8748,8751],{},[33,8743,8744],{},"what the value really is",[33,8746,8747],{},"whether it is a string",[33,8749,8750],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,8752,8753],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8755,8756,8757,92],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[166,8758,8760],{"href":8759},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[131,8762,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,8764,8766],{"id":8765},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8768,8769,8770,2651,8772,92],{},"It returns either ",[15,8771,3380],{},[15,8773,3452],{},[1003,8775,8777],{"id":8776},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8779,4931,8780,92],{},[15,8781,3452],{},[1003,8783,8785],{"id":8784},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8787,8788,8789,92],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8790,3380],{},[1003,8792,8794],{"id":8793},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8796,8797,8798,92],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8799,3452],{},[1003,8801,8803],{"id":8802},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8805,8806,8807,2651,8809,3515],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8808,3380],{},[15,8810,3452],{},[131,8812,1643],{"id":1642},[30,8814,8815,8820,8824,8829,8833,8838],{},[33,8816,8817],{},[166,8818,8819],{"href":5562},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,8821,8822],{},[166,8823,7893],{"href":7892},[33,8825,8826],{},[166,8827,8828],{"href":533},"Python input() function explained",[33,8830,8831],{},[166,8832,8224],{"href":2070},[33,8834,8835],{},[166,8836,8837],{"href":8759},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8839,8840],{},[166,8841,8842],{"href":6995},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1696,8844,8845],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":8847},[8848,8849,8850,8851,8852,8853,8859,8865,8866,8874,8875,8882],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":6933,"depth":80,"text":6934},{"id":6999,"depth":80,"text":7000},{"id":7118,"depth":80,"text":7119},{"id":7311,"depth":80,"text":7312},{"id":7542,"depth":80,"text":7543,"children":8854},[8855,8856,8857,8858],{"id":7552,"depth":102,"text":7553},{"id":7650,"depth":102,"text":7651},{"id":7734,"depth":102,"text":7735},{"id":7807,"depth":102,"text":7808},{"id":7896,"depth":80,"text":7897,"children":8860},[8861,8863],{"id":7909,"depth":102,"text":8862},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7949,"depth":102,"text":8864},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8064,"depth":80,"text":8065},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":8867},[8868,8870,8871,8872],{"id":8234,"depth":102,"text":8869},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8331,"depth":102,"text":8332},{"id":8451,"depth":102,"text":8452},{"id":8558,"depth":102,"text":8873},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8650,"depth":80,"text":8651},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":8876},[8877,8878,8879,8880,8881],{"id":8765,"depth":102,"text":8766},{"id":8776,"depth":102,"text":8777},{"id":8784,"depth":102,"text":8785},{"id":8793,"depth":102,"text":8794},{"id":8802,"depth":102,"text":8803},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6761,"description":8883},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8890,"title":8891,"body":8892,"description":11085,"extension":1733,"meta":11086,"navigation":248,"path":11087,"seo":11088,"stem":11089,"__hash__":11090},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8893,"toc":11047},[8894,8900,8906,8913,8918,8929,8936,9045,9049,9118,9123,9128,9133,9136,9147,9152,9155,9166,9173,9175,9180,9184,9209,9213,9222,9226,9289,9293,9326,9330,9375,9379,9416,9420,9423,9479,9483,9529,9532,9537,9576,9580,9603,9606,9620,9633,9637,9642,9709,9713,9749,9752,9760,9763,9827,9831,9863,9869,9871,9931,9938,9941,10019,10023,10056,10060,10063,10107,10111,10147,10150,10167,10170,10173,10226,10229,10240,10247,10256,10259,10317,10321,10362,10369,10377,10383,10391,10403,10408,10419,10492,10495,10507,10522,10526,10531,10535,10537,10580,10586,10589,10652,10656,10659,10668,10673,10710,10714,10717,10725,10728,10767,10771,10774,10825,10829,10850,10857,10859,10865,10891,10894,10949,10952,10963,10965,10972,10980,10986,10991,10998,11001,11008,11015,11017,11044],[10,8895,1686,8897,3355],{"id":8896},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8898,8899],{},"dict()",[20,8901,8902,8903,8905],{},"The built-in ",[15,8904,8899],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8907,8908,8909,8912],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[123,8910,8911],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8914,8915,8917],{},[15,8916,8899],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,8919,8920,8923,8926],{},[33,8921,8922],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,8924,8925],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,8927,8928],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8930,8931,8932,92],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[166,8933,8935],{"href":8934},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[46,8937,8939],{"className":48,"code":8938,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8940,8941,8976,8987,8991,9030],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,8942,8943,8946,8948,8951,8953,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8969,8971,8974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8944,8945],{"class":61},"data ",[55,8947,66],{"class":65},[55,8949,8950],{"class":1265}," dict",[55,8952,109],{"class":91},[55,8954,273],{"class":8955},"s99_P",[55,8957,66],{"class":65},[55,8959,3077],{"class":69},[55,8961,4787],{"class":73},[55,8963,3077],{"class":69},[55,8965,2764],{"class":91},[55,8967,8968],{"class":8955}," age",[55,8970,66],{"class":65},[55,8972,8973],{"class":1210},"25",[55,8975,342],{"class":91},[55,8977,8978,8980,8982,8985],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,8979,106],{"class":105},[55,8981,109],{"class":91},[55,8983,8984],{"class":95},"data",[55,8986,342],{"class":91},[55,8988,8989],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,8990,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,8992,8993,8996,8998,9001,9003,9005,9007,9009,9011,9014,9017,9019,9021,9023,9025,9027],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,8994,8995],{"class":61},"pairs ",[55,8997,66],{"class":65},[55,8999,9000],{"class":91}," [(",[55,9002,3077],{"class":69},[55,9004,166],{"class":73},[55,9006,3077],{"class":69},[55,9008,2764],{"class":91},[55,9010,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9012,9013],{"class":91},"),",[55,9015,9016],{"class":91}," (",[55,9018,3077],{"class":69},[55,9020,4543],{"class":73},[55,9022,3077],{"class":69},[55,9024,2764],{"class":91},[55,9026,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9028,9029],{"class":91},")]\n",[55,9031,9032,9034,9036,9038,9040,9043],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,9033,106],{"class":105},[55,9035,109],{"class":91},[55,9037,8600],{"class":1265},[55,9039,109],{"class":91},[55,9041,9042],{"class":95},"pairs",[55,9044,1273],{"class":91},[20,9046,9047],{},[123,9048,357],{},[46,9050,9052],{"className":48,"code":9051,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9053,9054,9090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9055,9056,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075,9077,9080,9082,9084,9087],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9057,9058],{"class":91},"{",[55,9060,3077],{"class":69},[55,9062,273],{"class":73},[55,9064,3077],{"class":69},[55,9066,539],{"class":91},[55,9068,3072],{"class":69},[55,9070,4787],{"class":73},[55,9072,3077],{"class":69},[55,9074,2764],{"class":91},[55,9076,3072],{"class":69},[55,9078,9079],{"class":73},"age",[55,9081,3077],{"class":69},[55,9083,539],{"class":91},[55,9085,9086],{"class":1210}," 25",[55,9088,9089],{"class":91},"}\n",[55,9091,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114,9116],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9093,9058],{"class":91},[55,9095,3077],{"class":69},[55,9097,166],{"class":73},[55,9099,3077],{"class":69},[55,9101,539],{"class":91},[55,9103,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9105,2764],{"class":91},[55,9107,3072],{"class":69},[55,9109,4543],{"class":73},[55,9111,3077],{"class":69},[55,9113,539],{"class":91},[55,9115,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9117,9089],{"class":91},[20,9119,1866,9120,9122],{},[15,9121,8899],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[131,9124,134,9126,137],{"id":9125},"what-dict-does",[15,9127,8899],{},[20,9129,9130,9132],{},[15,9131,8899],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9134,9135],{},"A dictionary:",[30,9137,9138,9141,9144],{},[33,9139,9140],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,9142,9143],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9145,9146],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9148,9149,9151],{},[15,9150,8899],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9153,9154],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9156,9157,9160,9163],{},[33,9158,9159],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9161,9162],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9164,9165],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9167,9168,9169,92],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[166,9170,9172],{"href":9171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[131,9174,178],{"id":177},[20,9176,9177,9179],{},[15,9178,8899],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1003,9181,9183],{"id":9182},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[46,9185,9187],{"className":48,"code":9186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9188,9189,9199],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9190,9191,9193,9195,9197],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9192,8945],{"class":61},[55,9194,66],{"class":65},[55,9196,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9198,99],{"class":91},[55,9200,9201,9203,9205,9207],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9202,106],{"class":105},[55,9204,109],{"class":91},[55,9206,8984],{"class":95},[55,9208,342],{"class":91},[20,9210,9211],{},[123,9212,357],{},[46,9214,9216],{"className":48,"code":9215,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{}\n",[15,9217,9218],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9219,9220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9221,9215],{"class":91},[1003,9223,9225],{"id":9224},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[46,9227,9229],{"className":48,"code":9228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9230,9231,9265,9279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9232,9233,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9234,8995],{"class":61},[55,9236,66],{"class":65},[55,9238,9000],{"class":91},[55,9240,3077],{"class":69},[55,9242,166],{"class":73},[55,9244,3077],{"class":69},[55,9246,2764],{"class":91},[55,9248,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9250,9013],{"class":91},[55,9252,9016],{"class":91},[55,9254,3077],{"class":69},[55,9256,4543],{"class":73},[55,9258,3077],{"class":69},[55,9260,2764],{"class":91},[55,9262,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9264,9029],{"class":91},[55,9266,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9268,8945],{"class":61},[55,9270,66],{"class":65},[55,9272,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9274,109],{"class":91},[55,9276,9042],{"class":95},[55,9278,342],{"class":91},[55,9280,9281,9283,9285,9287],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,9282,106],{"class":105},[55,9284,109],{"class":91},[55,9286,8984],{"class":95},[55,9288,342],{"class":91},[20,9290,9291],{},[123,9292,357],{},[46,9294,9296],{"className":48,"code":9295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9297,9298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9299,9300,9302,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9301,9058],{"class":91},[55,9303,3077],{"class":69},[55,9305,166],{"class":73},[55,9307,3077],{"class":69},[55,9309,539],{"class":91},[55,9311,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9313,2764],{"class":91},[55,9315,3072],{"class":69},[55,9317,4543],{"class":73},[55,9319,3077],{"class":69},[55,9321,539],{"class":91},[55,9323,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9325,9089],{"class":91},[1003,9327,9329],{"id":9328},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[46,9331,9333],{"className":48,"code":9332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9334,9335,9365],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9336,9337,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9338,8945],{"class":61},[55,9340,66],{"class":65},[55,9342,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9344,109],{"class":91},[55,9346,273],{"class":8955},[55,9348,66],{"class":65},[55,9350,3077],{"class":69},[55,9352,4787],{"class":73},[55,9354,3077],{"class":69},[55,9356,2764],{"class":91},[55,9358,8968],{"class":8955},[55,9360,66],{"class":65},[55,9362,8973],{"class":1210},[55,9364,342],{"class":91},[55,9366,9367,9369,9371,9373],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9368,106],{"class":105},[55,9370,109],{"class":91},[55,9372,8984],{"class":95},[55,9374,342],{"class":91},[20,9376,9377],{},[123,9378,357],{},[46,9380,9382],{"className":48,"code":9381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9383,9384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9385,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9387,9058],{"class":91},[55,9389,3077],{"class":69},[55,9391,273],{"class":73},[55,9393,3077],{"class":69},[55,9395,539],{"class":91},[55,9397,3072],{"class":69},[55,9399,4787],{"class":73},[55,9401,3077],{"class":69},[55,9403,2764],{"class":91},[55,9405,3072],{"class":69},[55,9407,9079],{"class":73},[55,9409,3077],{"class":69},[55,9411,539],{"class":91},[55,9413,9086],{"class":1210},[55,9415,9089],{"class":91},[1003,9417,9419],{"id":9418},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9421,9422],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[46,9424,9426],{"className":48,"code":9425,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9427,9428,9469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9429,9430,9432,9434,9436,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9452,9454,9456,9458,9460,9463,9465,9467],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9431,8945],{"class":61},[55,9433,66],{"class":65},[55,9435,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9437,9438],{"class":91},"([(",[55,9440,3077],{"class":69},[55,9442,166],{"class":73},[55,9444,3077],{"class":69},[55,9446,2764],{"class":91},[55,9448,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9450,9451],{"class":91},")],",[55,9453,2332],{"class":8955},[55,9455,66],{"class":65},[55,9457,1829],{"class":1210},[55,9459,2764],{"class":91},[55,9461,9462],{"class":8955}," c",[55,9464,66],{"class":65},[55,9466,1835],{"class":1210},[55,9468,342],{"class":91},[55,9470,9471,9473,9475,9477],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9472,106],{"class":105},[55,9474,109],{"class":91},[55,9476,8984],{"class":95},[55,9478,342],{"class":91},[20,9480,9481],{},[123,9482,357],{},[46,9484,9486],{"className":48,"code":9485,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9487,9488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9489,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9521,9523,9525,9527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9491,9058],{"class":91},[55,9493,3077],{"class":69},[55,9495,166],{"class":73},[55,9497,3077],{"class":69},[55,9499,539],{"class":91},[55,9501,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9503,2764],{"class":91},[55,9505,3072],{"class":69},[55,9507,4543],{"class":73},[55,9509,3077],{"class":69},[55,9511,539],{"class":91},[55,9513,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9515,2764],{"class":91},[55,9517,3072],{"class":69},[55,9519,9520],{"class":73},"c",[55,9522,3077],{"class":69},[55,9524,539],{"class":91},[55,9526,2223],{"class":1210},[55,9528,9089],{"class":91},[131,9530,9183],{"id":9531},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9533,1866,9534,9536],{},[15,9535,8899],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[46,9538,9540],{"className":48,"code":9539,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9541,9542,9552,9566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9543,9544,9546,9548,9550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9545,8945],{"class":61},[55,9547,66],{"class":65},[55,9549,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9551,99],{"class":91},[55,9553,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9555,106],{"class":105},[55,9557,109],{"class":91},[55,9559,1266],{"class":1265},[55,9561,109],{"class":91},[55,9563,8984],{"class":95},[55,9565,1273],{"class":91},[55,9567,9568,9570,9572,9574],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,9569,106],{"class":105},[55,9571,109],{"class":91},[55,9573,8984],{"class":95},[55,9575,342],{"class":91},[20,9577,9578],{},[123,9579,357],{},[46,9581,9583],{"className":48,"code":9582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9584,9585,9599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9586,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9588,3066],{"class":65},[55,9590,3069],{"class":1838},[55,9592,3072],{"class":69},[55,9594,8600],{"class":73},[55,9596,3077],{"class":69},[55,9598,3080],{"class":65},[55,9600,9601],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9602,9215],{"class":91},[20,9604,9605],{},"This gives the same result as:",[46,9607,9609],{"className":48,"code":9608,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n",[15,9610,9611],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9612,9613,9615,9617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9614,8945],{"class":61},[55,9616,66],{"class":65},[55,9618,9619],{"class":91}," {}\n",[20,9621,9622,9623,9625,9626,9629,9630,9632],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9624,3570],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9627,9628],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9631,8899],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[131,9634,9636],{"id":9635},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9638,9639,9640,92],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9641,8899],{},[46,9643,9645],{"className":48,"code":9644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9646,9647,9685,9699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9648,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9650,8995],{"class":61},[55,9652,66],{"class":65},[55,9654,9000],{"class":91},[55,9656,3077],{"class":69},[55,9658,273],{"class":73},[55,9660,3077],{"class":69},[55,9662,2764],{"class":91},[55,9664,3072],{"class":69},[55,9666,4787],{"class":73},[55,9668,3077],{"class":69},[55,9670,9013],{"class":91},[55,9672,9016],{"class":91},[55,9674,3077],{"class":69},[55,9676,9079],{"class":73},[55,9678,3077],{"class":69},[55,9680,2764],{"class":91},[55,9682,9086],{"class":1210},[55,9684,9029],{"class":91},[55,9686,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9688,8945],{"class":61},[55,9690,66],{"class":65},[55,9692,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9694,109],{"class":91},[55,9696,9042],{"class":95},[55,9698,342],{"class":91},[55,9700,9701,9703,9705,9707],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,9702,106],{"class":105},[55,9704,109],{"class":91},[55,9706,8984],{"class":95},[55,9708,342],{"class":91},[20,9710,9711],{},[123,9712,357],{},[46,9714,9715],{"className":48,"code":9381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,9716,9717],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9718,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9720,9058],{"class":91},[55,9722,3077],{"class":69},[55,9724,273],{"class":73},[55,9726,3077],{"class":69},[55,9728,539],{"class":91},[55,9730,3072],{"class":69},[55,9732,4787],{"class":73},[55,9734,3077],{"class":69},[55,9736,2764],{"class":91},[55,9738,3072],{"class":69},[55,9740,9079],{"class":73},[55,9742,3077],{"class":69},[55,9744,539],{"class":91},[55,9746,9086],{"class":1210},[55,9748,9089],{"class":91},[20,9750,9751],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,9753,9754,9757],{},[33,9755,9756],{},"the first item as the key",[33,9758,9759],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9761,9762],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[46,9764,9766],{"className":48,"code":9765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9767,9768,9803,9817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9769,9770,9772,9774,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9771,8995],{"class":61},[55,9773,66],{"class":65},[55,9775,9776],{"class":91}," ((",[55,9778,3077],{"class":69},[55,9780,166],{"class":73},[55,9782,3077],{"class":69},[55,9784,2764],{"class":91},[55,9786,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9788,9013],{"class":91},[55,9790,9016],{"class":91},[55,9792,3077],{"class":69},[55,9794,4543],{"class":73},[55,9796,3077],{"class":69},[55,9798,2764],{"class":91},[55,9800,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9802,1273],{"class":91},[55,9804,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9806,8945],{"class":61},[55,9808,66],{"class":65},[55,9810,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9812,109],{"class":91},[55,9814,9042],{"class":95},[55,9816,342],{"class":91},[55,9818,9819,9821,9823,9825],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,9820,106],{"class":105},[55,9822,109],{"class":91},[55,9824,8984],{"class":95},[55,9826,342],{"class":91},[20,9828,9829],{},[123,9830,357],{},[46,9832,9833],{"className":48,"code":9295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,9834,9835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9836,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9838,9058],{"class":91},[55,9840,3077],{"class":69},[55,9842,166],{"class":73},[55,9844,3077],{"class":69},[55,9846,539],{"class":91},[55,9848,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9850,2764],{"class":91},[55,9852,3072],{"class":69},[55,9854,4543],{"class":73},[55,9856,3077],{"class":69},[55,9858,539],{"class":91},[55,9860,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9862,9089],{"class":91},[20,9864,9865,9866,92],{},"Each item must contain ",[123,9867,9868],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9870,2609],{},[46,9872,9874],{"className":48,"code":9873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9875,9876,9916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9877,9878,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9879,9880],{"class":61},"bad_data ",[55,9882,66],{"class":65},[55,9884,9000],{"class":91},[55,9886,3077],{"class":69},[55,9888,166],{"class":73},[55,9890,3077],{"class":69},[55,9892,2764],{"class":91},[55,9894,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9896,2764],{"class":91},[55,9898,9899],{"class":1210}," 100",[55,9901,9013],{"class":91},[55,9903,9016],{"class":91},[55,9905,3077],{"class":69},[55,9907,4543],{"class":73},[55,9909,3077],{"class":69},[55,9911,2764],{"class":91},[55,9913,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9915,9029],{"class":91},[55,9917,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9929],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9919,83],{"class":61},[55,9921,66],{"class":65},[55,9923,8950],{"class":1265},[55,9925,109],{"class":91},[55,9927,9928],{"class":95},"bad_data",[55,9930,342],{"class":91},[20,9932,9933,9934,9937],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9935,9936],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9939,9940],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[46,9942,9944],{"className":48,"code":9943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9945,9946,9995,10009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9947,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9949,8995],{"class":61},[55,9951,66],{"class":65},[55,9953,9000],{"class":91},[55,9955,3077],{"class":69},[55,9957,166],{"class":73},[55,9959,3077],{"class":69},[55,9961,2764],{"class":91},[55,9963,5282],{"class":1210},[55,9965,9013],{"class":91},[55,9967,9016],{"class":91},[55,9969,3077],{"class":69},[55,9971,166],{"class":73},[55,9973,3077],{"class":69},[55,9975,2764],{"class":91},[55,9977,9978],{"class":1210}," 99",[55,9980,9013],{"class":91},[55,9982,9016],{"class":91},[55,9984,3077],{"class":69},[55,9986,4543],{"class":73},[55,9988,3077],{"class":69},[55,9990,2764],{"class":91},[55,9992,2767],{"class":1210},[55,9994,9029],{"class":91},[55,9996,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,9998,8945],{"class":61},[55,10000,66],{"class":65},[55,10002,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10004,109],{"class":91},[55,10006,9042],{"class":95},[55,10008,342],{"class":91},[55,10010,10011,10013,10015,10017],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,10012,106],{"class":105},[55,10014,109],{"class":91},[55,10016,8984],{"class":95},[55,10018,342],{"class":91},[20,10020,10021],{},[123,10022,357],{},[46,10024,10026],{"className":48,"code":10025,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10027,10028],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10029,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10031,9058],{"class":91},[55,10033,3077],{"class":69},[55,10035,166],{"class":73},[55,10037,3077],{"class":69},[55,10039,539],{"class":91},[55,10041,9978],{"class":1210},[55,10043,2764],{"class":91},[55,10045,3072],{"class":69},[55,10047,4543],{"class":73},[55,10049,3077],{"class":69},[55,10051,539],{"class":91},[55,10053,2767],{"class":1210},[55,10055,9089],{"class":91},[131,10057,10059],{"id":10058},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10061,10062],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[46,10064,10065],{"className":48,"code":9332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10066,10067,10097],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10068,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10070,8945],{"class":61},[55,10072,66],{"class":65},[55,10074,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10076,109],{"class":91},[55,10078,273],{"class":8955},[55,10080,66],{"class":65},[55,10082,3077],{"class":69},[55,10084,4787],{"class":73},[55,10086,3077],{"class":69},[55,10088,2764],{"class":91},[55,10090,8968],{"class":8955},[55,10092,66],{"class":65},[55,10094,8973],{"class":1210},[55,10096,342],{"class":91},[55,10098,10099,10101,10103,10105],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10100,106],{"class":105},[55,10102,109],{"class":91},[55,10104,8984],{"class":95},[55,10106,342],{"class":91},[20,10108,10109],{},[123,10110,357],{},[46,10112,10113],{"className":48,"code":9381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10114,10115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10116,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10118,9058],{"class":91},[55,10120,3077],{"class":69},[55,10122,273],{"class":73},[55,10124,3077],{"class":69},[55,10126,539],{"class":91},[55,10128,3072],{"class":69},[55,10130,4787],{"class":73},[55,10132,3077],{"class":69},[55,10134,2764],{"class":91},[55,10136,3072],{"class":69},[55,10138,9079],{"class":73},[55,10140,3077],{"class":69},[55,10142,539],{"class":91},[55,10144,9086],{"class":1210},[55,10146,9089],{"class":91},[20,10148,10149],{},"In this form:",[30,10151,10152,10160],{},[33,10153,10154,10156,10157],{},[15,10155,273],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10158,10159],{},"'name'",[33,10161,10162,10156,10164],{},[15,10163,9079],{},[15,10165,10166],{},"'age'",[20,10168,10169],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10171,10172],{},"Valid examples:",[46,10174,10176],{"className":48,"code":10175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10177,10178,10216],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10179,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10191,10193,10195,10198,10200,10202,10205,10207,10209,10212,10214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10181,8945],{"class":61},[55,10183,66],{"class":65},[55,10185,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10187,109],{"class":91},[55,10189,10190],{"class":8955},"city",[55,10192,66],{"class":65},[55,10194,3077],{"class":69},[55,10196,10197],{"class":73},"Paris",[55,10199,3077],{"class":69},[55,10201,2764],{"class":91},[55,10203,10204],{"class":8955}," country",[55,10206,66],{"class":65},[55,10208,3077],{"class":69},[55,10210,10211],{"class":73},"France",[55,10213,3077],{"class":69},[55,10215,342],{"class":91},[55,10217,10218,10220,10222,10224],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10219,106],{"class":105},[55,10221,109],{"class":91},[55,10223,8984],{"class":95},[55,10225,342],{"class":91},[20,10227,10228],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10230,10231,10234,10237],{},[33,10232,10233],{},"spaces",[33,10235,10236],{},"hyphens",[33,10238,10239],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10241,10242,10243,10246],{},"For example, this is ",[123,10244,10245],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[46,10248,10250],{"className":48,"code":10249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10251,10252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10253,10254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10255,10249],{"class":118},[20,10257,10258],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[46,10260,10262],{"className":48,"code":10261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10263,10264,10307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10265,10266,10268,10270,10273,10275,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10267,8945],{"class":61},[55,10269,66],{"class":65},[55,10271,10272],{"class":91}," {",[55,10274,3077],{"class":69},[55,10276,10277],{"class":73},"first-name",[55,10279,3077],{"class":69},[55,10281,539],{"class":91},[55,10283,3072],{"class":69},[55,10285,7460],{"class":73},[55,10287,3077],{"class":69},[55,10289,2764],{"class":91},[55,10291,3072],{"class":69},[55,10293,10294],{"class":73},"first name",[55,10296,3077],{"class":69},[55,10298,539],{"class":91},[55,10300,3072],{"class":69},[55,10302,7460],{"class":73},[55,10304,3077],{"class":69},[55,10306,9089],{"class":91},[55,10308,10309,10311,10313,10315],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10310,106],{"class":105},[55,10312,109],{"class":91},[55,10314,8984],{"class":95},[55,10316,342],{"class":91},[20,10318,10319],{},[123,10320,357],{},[46,10322,10324],{"className":48,"code":10323,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10325,10326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10327,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10329,9058],{"class":91},[55,10331,3077],{"class":69},[55,10333,10277],{"class":73},[55,10335,3077],{"class":69},[55,10337,539],{"class":91},[55,10339,3072],{"class":69},[55,10341,7460],{"class":73},[55,10343,3077],{"class":69},[55,10345,2764],{"class":91},[55,10347,3072],{"class":69},[55,10349,10294],{"class":73},[55,10351,3077],{"class":69},[55,10353,539],{"class":91},[55,10355,3072],{"class":69},[55,10357,7460],{"class":73},[55,10359,3077],{"class":69},[55,10361,9089],{"class":91},[131,10363,10365,1477,10367],{"id":10364},"dict-vs",[15,10366,8899],{},[15,10368,3570],{},[20,10370,10371,10372,1377,10374,10376],{},"Both ",[15,10373,8899],{},[15,10375,3570],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1003,10378,1866,10380,10382],{"id":10379},"use-when",[15,10381,3570],{}," when:",[30,10384,10385,10388],{},[33,10386,10387],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10389,10390],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[46,10392,10393],{"className":48,"code":9608,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10394,10395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10396,10397,10399,10401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10398,8945],{"class":61},[55,10400,66],{"class":65},[55,10402,9619],{"class":91},[1003,10404,1866,10406,10382],{"id":10405},"use-dict-when",[15,10407,8899],{},[30,10409,10410,10413,10416],{},[33,10411,10412],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10414,10415],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10417,10418],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[46,10420,10422],{"className":48,"code":10421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10423,10424,10461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10425,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10427,8945],{"class":61},[55,10429,66],{"class":65},[55,10431,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10433,9438],{"class":91},[55,10435,3077],{"class":69},[55,10437,166],{"class":73},[55,10439,3077],{"class":69},[55,10441,2764],{"class":91},[55,10443,5282],{"class":1210},[55,10445,9013],{"class":91},[55,10447,9016],{"class":91},[55,10449,3077],{"class":69},[55,10451,4543],{"class":73},[55,10453,3077],{"class":69},[55,10455,2764],{"class":91},[55,10457,2767],{"class":1210},[55,10459,10460],{"class":91},")])\n",[55,10462,10463,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10464,10465],{"class":61},"info ",[55,10467,66],{"class":65},[55,10469,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10471,109],{"class":91},[55,10473,273],{"class":8955},[55,10475,66],{"class":65},[55,10477,3077],{"class":69},[55,10479,4787],{"class":73},[55,10481,3077],{"class":69},[55,10483,2764],{"class":91},[55,10485,8968],{"class":8955},[55,10487,66],{"class":65},[55,10489,8973],{"class":1210},[55,10491,342],{"class":91},[20,10493,10494],{},"So:",[30,10496,10497,10502],{},[33,10498,10499,10501],{},[15,10500,3570],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10503,10504,10506],{},[15,10505,8899],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10508,10509,10510,10514,10515,92],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[166,10511,10513],{"href":10512},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[166,10516,10518,10519,1573],{"href":10517},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10520,10521],{},"get()",[131,10523,10525],{"id":10524},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10527,10528,10529,92],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10530,8899],{},[1003,10532,10534],{"id":10533},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10536,4308],{},[46,10538,10540],{"className":48,"code":10539,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10541,10542,10566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10543,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10545,7563],{"class":61},[55,10547,66],{"class":65},[55,10549,3400],{"class":91},[55,10551,3077],{"class":69},[55,10553,166],{"class":73},[55,10555,3077],{"class":69},[55,10557,2764],{"class":91},[55,10559,3072],{"class":69},[55,10561,4543],{"class":73},[55,10563,3077],{"class":69},[55,10565,3413],{"class":91},[55,10567,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10569,8945],{"class":61},[55,10571,66],{"class":65},[55,10573,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10575,109],{"class":91},[55,10577,7594],{"class":95},[55,10579,342],{"class":91},[20,10581,10582,10583,92],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10584,10585],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10587,10588],{},"Correct version:",[46,10590,10592],{"className":48,"code":10591,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10593,10594,10628,10642],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10595,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10597,7563],{"class":61},[55,10599,66],{"class":65},[55,10601,9000],{"class":91},[55,10603,3077],{"class":69},[55,10605,166],{"class":73},[55,10607,3077],{"class":69},[55,10609,2764],{"class":91},[55,10611,5282],{"class":1210},[55,10613,9013],{"class":91},[55,10615,9016],{"class":91},[55,10617,3077],{"class":69},[55,10619,4543],{"class":73},[55,10621,3077],{"class":69},[55,10623,2764],{"class":91},[55,10625,2767],{"class":1210},[55,10627,9029],{"class":91},[55,10629,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10631,8945],{"class":61},[55,10633,66],{"class":65},[55,10635,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10637,109],{"class":91},[55,10639,7594],{"class":95},[55,10641,342],{"class":91},[55,10643,10644,10646,10648,10650],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,10645,106],{"class":105},[55,10647,109],{"class":91},[55,10649,8984],{"class":95},[55,10651,342],{"class":91},[1003,10653,10655],{"id":10654},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10657,10658],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[46,10660,10662],{"className":48,"code":10661,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10663,10664],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10665,10666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10667,10661],{"class":118},[20,10669,10670,10671,539],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10672,66],{},[46,10674,10676],{"className":48,"code":10675,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10677,10678,10700],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10679,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10681,8945],{"class":61},[55,10683,66],{"class":65},[55,10685,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10687,109],{"class":91},[55,10689,273],{"class":8955},[55,10691,66],{"class":65},[55,10693,3077],{"class":69},[55,10695,4787],{"class":73},[55,10697,3077],{"class":69},[55,10699,342],{"class":91},[55,10701,10702,10704,10706,10708],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10703,106],{"class":105},[55,10705,109],{"class":91},[55,10707,8984],{"class":95},[55,10709,342],{"class":91},[1003,10711,10713],{"id":10712},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10715,10716],{},"This will not work:",[46,10718,10719],{"className":48,"code":10249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,10720,10721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10722,10723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10724,10249],{"class":118},[20,10726,10727],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[46,10729,10731],{"className":48,"code":10730,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10732,10733,10757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10734,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753,10755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10736,8945],{"class":61},[55,10738,66],{"class":65},[55,10740,10272],{"class":91},[55,10742,3077],{"class":69},[55,10744,10277],{"class":73},[55,10746,3077],{"class":69},[55,10748,539],{"class":91},[55,10750,3072],{"class":69},[55,10752,7460],{"class":73},[55,10754,3077],{"class":69},[55,10756,9089],{"class":91},[55,10758,10759,10761,10763,10765],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10760,106],{"class":105},[55,10762,109],{"class":91},[55,10764,8984],{"class":95},[55,10766,342],{"class":91},[1003,10768,10770],{"id":10769},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10772,10773],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[46,10775,10777],{"className":48,"code":10776,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10778,10779,10815],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10780,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10782,8945],{"class":61},[55,10784,66],{"class":65},[55,10786,8950],{"class":1265},[55,10788,9438],{"class":91},[55,10790,3077],{"class":69},[55,10792,1947],{"class":73},[55,10794,3077],{"class":69},[55,10796,2764],{"class":91},[55,10798,5282],{"class":1210},[55,10800,9013],{"class":91},[55,10802,9016],{"class":91},[55,10804,3077],{"class":69},[55,10806,1947],{"class":73},[55,10808,3077],{"class":69},[55,10810,2764],{"class":91},[55,10812,2767],{"class":1210},[55,10814,10460],{"class":91},[55,10816,10817,10819,10821,10823],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10818,106],{"class":105},[55,10820,109],{"class":91},[55,10822,8984],{"class":95},[55,10824,342],{"class":91},[20,10826,10827],{},[123,10828,357],{},[46,10830,10832],{"className":48,"code":10831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10833,10834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10835,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10837,9058],{"class":91},[55,10839,3077],{"class":69},[55,10841,1947],{"class":73},[55,10843,3077],{"class":69},[55,10845,539],{"class":91},[55,10847,2767],{"class":1210},[55,10849,9089],{"class":91},[20,10851,10852,10853,92],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[166,10854,10856],{"href":10855},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[131,10858,1001],{"id":1000},[20,10860,10861,10862,10864],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10863,8899],{}," include:",[30,10866,10867,10876,10882,10885],{},[33,10868,10869,10870,1012,10873],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10871,10872],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,10874,10875],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,10877,10878,10879],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10880,10881],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,10883,10884],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,10886,10887,10888,10890],{},"confusing ",[15,10889,8899],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10892,10893],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[46,10895,10897],{"className":48,"code":10896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10898,10899,10913,10923,10934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10900,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10902,106],{"class":105},[55,10904,109],{"class":91},[55,10906,1266],{"class":1265},[55,10908,109],{"class":91},[55,10910,8984],{"class":95},[55,10912,1273],{"class":91},[55,10914,10915,10917,10919,10921],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,10916,106],{"class":105},[55,10918,109],{"class":91},[55,10920,8984],{"class":95},[55,10922,342],{"class":91},[55,10924,10925,10927,10929,10932],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,10926,106],{"class":105},[55,10928,109],{"class":91},[55,10930,10931],{"class":95},"list_of_pairs",[55,10933,342],{"class":91},[55,10935,10936,10938,10940,10943,10945,10947],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,10937,106],{"class":105},[55,10939,109],{"class":91},[55,10941,10942],{"class":105},"len",[55,10944,109],{"class":91},[55,10946,10931],{"class":95},[55,10948,1273],{"class":91},[20,10950,10951],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,10953,10954,10957,10960],{},[33,10955,10956],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,10958,10959],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,10961,10962],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[131,10964,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,10966,1626,10968,1377,10970,1631],{"id":10967},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10969,8899],{},[15,10971,3570],{},[20,10973,10974,10976,10977,10979],{},[15,10975,3570],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10978,8899],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1003,10981,4953,10983,10985],{"id":10982},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10984,8899],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10987,10988,10989,92],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10990,10875],{},[1003,10992,4941,10994,10997],{"id":10993},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10995,10996],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10999,11000],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1003,11002,11004,11005,11007],{"id":11003},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11006,8899],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11009,11010,11011,11014],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11012,11013],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[131,11016,1643],{"id":1642},[30,11018,11019,11024,11028,11033,11039],{},[33,11020,11021],{},[166,11022,11023],{"href":9171},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,11025,11026],{},[166,11027,8935],{"href":8934},[33,11029,11030],{},[166,11031,11032],{"href":10512},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,11034,11035],{},[166,11036,10518,11037,1573],{"href":10517},[15,11038,10521],{},[33,11040,11041],{},[166,11042,11043],{"href":10855},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1696,11045,11046],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":11048},[11049,11051,11057,11058,11059,11060,11067,11073,11074,11084],{"id":9125,"depth":80,"text":11050},"What dict() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":11052},[11053,11054,11055,11056],{"id":9182,"depth":102,"text":9183},{"id":9224,"depth":102,"text":9225},{"id":9328,"depth":102,"text":9329},{"id":9418,"depth":102,"text":9419},{"id":9531,"depth":80,"text":9183},{"id":9635,"depth":80,"text":9636},{"id":10058,"depth":80,"text":10059},{"id":10364,"depth":80,"text":11061,"children":11062},"dict() vs {}",[11063,11065],{"id":10379,"depth":102,"text":11064},"Use {} when:",{"id":10405,"depth":102,"text":11066},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10524,"depth":80,"text":10525,"children":11068},[11069,11070,11071,11072],{"id":10533,"depth":102,"text":10534},{"id":10654,"depth":102,"text":10655},{"id":10712,"depth":102,"text":10713},{"id":10769,"depth":102,"text":10770},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":11075},[11076,11078,11080,11082],{"id":10967,"depth":102,"text":11077},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10982,"depth":102,"text":11079},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10993,"depth":102,"text":11081},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11003,"depth":102,"text":11083},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8891,"description":11085},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11092,"title":11093,"body":11094,"description":12601,"extension":1733,"meta":12602,"navigation":248,"path":12603,"seo":12604,"stem":12605,"__hash__":12606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11095,"toc":12570},[11096,11103,11109,11116,11118,11179,11184,11189,11194,11212,11215,11219,11221,11237,11240,11253,11255,11258,11392,11394,11461,11464,11480,11486,11492,11495,11577,11579,11593,11597,11603,11668,11670,11678,11681,11704,11710,11773,11779,11782,11796,11809,11813,11824,11829,11840,11847,11851,11857,11979,11981,12007,12010,12027,12030,12141,12143,12192,12194,12207,12216,12221,12226,12237,12239,12342,12365,12367,12371,12390,12393,12451,12454,12480,12482,12488,12491,12496,12500,12507,12515,12521,12524,12526,12567],[10,11097,11099,11100,18],{"id":11098},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11101,11102],{},"clear()",[20,11104,11105,11108],{},[15,11106,11107],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11110,11111,11112,11115],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[123,11113,11114],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[131,11117,1775],{"id":1774},[46,11119,11121],{"className":48,"code":11120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11122,11123,11155,11166],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11124,11125,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11126,8945],{"class":61},[55,11128,66],{"class":65},[55,11130,10272],{"class":91},[55,11132,228],{"class":69},[55,11134,166],{"class":73},[55,11136,228],{"class":69},[55,11138,539],{"class":91},[55,11140,5282],{"class":1210},[55,11142,2764],{"class":91},[55,11144,70],{"class":69},[55,11146,4543],{"class":73},[55,11148,228],{"class":69},[55,11150,539],{"class":91},[55,11152,2767],{"class":1210},[55,11154,9089],{"class":91},[55,11156,11157,11159,11161,11164],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11158,8984],{"class":61},[55,11160,92],{"class":91},[55,11162,11163],{"class":95},"clear",[55,11165,99],{"class":91},[55,11167,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,11169,106],{"class":105},[55,11171,109],{"class":91},[55,11173,8984],{"class":95},[55,11175,115],{"class":91},[55,11177,11178],{"class":118},"  # {}\n",[20,11180,11181,11183],{},[15,11182,11102],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[131,11185,134,11187,137],{"id":11186},"what-clear-does",[15,11188,11102],{},[20,11190,1750,11191,11193],{},[15,11192,11102],{}," method:",[30,11195,11196,11199,11202,11207],{},[33,11197,11198],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11200,11201],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11203,11204,11205],{},"Returns ",[15,11206,3556],{},[33,11208,11209,11210],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11211,3570],{},[20,11213,11214],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11216,8931,11217,92],{},[166,11218,8935],{"href":8934},[131,11220,178],{"id":177},[46,11222,11224],{"className":48,"code":11223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11225,11226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11227,11228,11231,11233,11235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11229,11230],{"class":61},"my_dict",[55,11232,92],{"class":91},[55,11234,11163],{"class":95},[55,11236,99],{"class":91},[20,11238,11239],{},"Important points:",[30,11241,11242,11247,11250],{},[33,11243,11244,11246],{},[15,11245,11102],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11248,11249],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11251,11252],{},"It empties that dictionary",[131,11254,286],{"id":285},[20,11256,11257],{},"Here is a basic example:",[46,11259,11261],{"className":48,"code":11260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11262,11263,11273,11294,11308,11325,11329,11333,11353,11357,11368,11372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11264,11265,11268,11270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11266,11267],{"class":61},"user ",[55,11269,66],{"class":65},[55,11271,11272],{"class":91}," {\n",[55,11274,11275,11278,11280,11282,11284,11286,11289,11291],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11276,11277],{"class":69},"    \"",[55,11279,273],{"class":73},[55,11281,228],{"class":69},[55,11283,539],{"class":91},[55,11285,70],{"class":69},[55,11287,11288],{"class":73},"Maya",[55,11290,228],{"class":69},[55,11292,11293],{"class":91},",\n",[55,11295,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,11297,11277],{"class":69},[55,11299,9079],{"class":73},[55,11301,228],{"class":69},[55,11303,539],{"class":91},[55,11305,9086],{"class":1210},[55,11307,11293],{"class":91},[55,11309,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11323],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,11311,11277],{"class":69},[55,11313,10190],{"class":73},[55,11315,228],{"class":69},[55,11317,539],{"class":91},[55,11319,70],{"class":69},[55,11321,11322],{"class":73},"Berlin",[55,11324,77],{"class":69},[55,11326,11327],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,11328,9089],{"class":91},[55,11330,11331],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,11332,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11334,11335,11337,11339,11341,11344,11346,11348,11351],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,11336,106],{"class":105},[55,11338,109],{"class":91},[55,11340,228],{"class":69},[55,11342,11343],{"class":73},"Before:",[55,11345,228],{"class":69},[55,11347,2764],{"class":91},[55,11349,11350],{"class":95}," user",[55,11352,342],{"class":91},[55,11354,11355],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,11356,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11358,11359,11362,11364,11366],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,11360,11361],{"class":61},"user",[55,11363,92],{"class":91},[55,11365,11163],{"class":95},[55,11367,99],{"class":91},[55,11369,11370],{"class":57,"line":6222},[55,11371,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11373,11375,11377,11379,11381,11384,11386,11388,11390],{"class":57,"line":11374},11,[55,11376,106],{"class":105},[55,11378,109],{"class":91},[55,11380,228],{"class":69},[55,11382,11383],{"class":73},"After:",[55,11385,228],{"class":69},[55,11387,2764],{"class":91},[55,11389,11350],{"class":95},[55,11391,342],{"class":91},[20,11393,5344],{},[46,11395,11397],{"className":48,"code":11396,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11398,11399,11452],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11400,11401,11404,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11420,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11432,11434,11436,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11402,11403],{"class":61},"Before",[55,11405,539],{"class":91},[55,11407,10272],{"class":91},[55,11409,3077],{"class":69},[55,11411,273],{"class":73},[55,11413,3077],{"class":69},[55,11415,539],{"class":91},[55,11417,3072],{"class":69},[55,11419,11288],{"class":73},[55,11421,3077],{"class":69},[55,11423,2764],{"class":91},[55,11425,3072],{"class":69},[55,11427,9079],{"class":73},[55,11429,3077],{"class":69},[55,11431,539],{"class":91},[55,11433,9086],{"class":1210},[55,11435,2764],{"class":91},[55,11437,3072],{"class":69},[55,11439,10190],{"class":73},[55,11441,3077],{"class":69},[55,11443,539],{"class":91},[55,11445,3072],{"class":69},[55,11447,11322],{"class":73},[55,11449,3077],{"class":69},[55,11451,9089],{"class":91},[55,11453,11454,11457,11459],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11455,11456],{"class":61},"After",[55,11458,539],{"class":91},[55,11460,9619],{"class":91},[20,11462,11463],{},"What happens here:",[30,11465,11466,11471,11477],{},[33,11467,11468,11470],{},[15,11469,11361],{}," starts with three items",[33,11472,11473,11476],{},[15,11474,11475],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11478,11479],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[131,11481,134,11483,11485],{"id":11482},"what-clear-returns",[15,11484,11102],{}," returns",[20,11487,11488,2168,11490,92],{},[15,11489,11102],{},[15,11491,3556],{},[20,11493,11494],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[46,11496,11498],{"className":48,"code":11497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11499,11500,11534,11538,11553,11557,11567],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11501,11502,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521,11523,11526,11528,11530,11532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11503,11504],{"class":61},"my_dict ",[55,11506,66],{"class":65},[55,11508,10272],{"class":91},[55,11510,228],{"class":69},[55,11512,1947],{"class":73},[55,11514,228],{"class":69},[55,11516,539],{"class":91},[55,11518,5282],{"class":1210},[55,11520,2764],{"class":91},[55,11522,70],{"class":69},[55,11524,11525],{"class":73},"y",[55,11527,228],{"class":69},[55,11529,539],{"class":91},[55,11531,2767],{"class":1210},[55,11533,9089],{"class":91},[55,11535,11536],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11537,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11539,11540,11542,11544,11547,11549,11551],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,11541,83],{"class":61},[55,11543,66],{"class":65},[55,11545,11546],{"class":61}," my_dict",[55,11548,92],{"class":91},[55,11550,11163],{"class":95},[55,11552,99],{"class":91},[55,11554,11555],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,11556,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11558,11559,11561,11563,11565],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,11560,106],{"class":105},[55,11562,109],{"class":91},[55,11564,112],{"class":95},[55,11566,342],{"class":91},[55,11568,11569,11571,11573,11575],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,11570,106],{"class":105},[55,11572,109],{"class":91},[55,11574,11230],{"class":95},[55,11576,342],{"class":91},[20,11578,357],{},[46,11580,11582],{"className":48,"code":11581,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n{}\n",[15,11583,11584,11589],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11585,11586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11587,11588],{"class":3631},"None\n",[55,11590,11591],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11592,9215],{"class":91},[1003,11594,11596],{"id":11595},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11598,11599,11600,11602],{},"Do ",[123,11601,902],{}," do this:",[46,11604,11606],{"className":48,"code":11605,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11607,11608,11640,11654,11658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11609,11610,11612,11614,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11611,11504],{"class":61},[55,11613,66],{"class":65},[55,11615,10272],{"class":91},[55,11617,228],{"class":69},[55,11619,1947],{"class":73},[55,11621,228],{"class":69},[55,11623,539],{"class":91},[55,11625,5282],{"class":1210},[55,11627,2764],{"class":91},[55,11629,70],{"class":69},[55,11631,11525],{"class":73},[55,11633,228],{"class":69},[55,11635,539],{"class":91},[55,11637,2767],{"class":1210},[55,11639,9089],{"class":91},[55,11641,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11643,11504],{"class":61},[55,11645,66],{"class":65},[55,11647,11546],{"class":61},[55,11649,92],{"class":91},[55,11651,11163],{"class":95},[55,11653,99],{"class":91},[55,11655,11656],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,11657,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11659,11660,11662,11664,11666],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,11661,106],{"class":105},[55,11663,109],{"class":91},[55,11665,11230],{"class":95},[55,11667,342],{"class":91},[20,11669,357],{},[46,11671,11672],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,11673,11674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11675,11676],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11677,11588],{"class":3631},[20,11679,11680],{},"Why this happens:",[30,11682,11683,11689,11694],{},[33,11684,11685,11688],{},[15,11686,11687],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,11690,11691,11692],{},"The method returns ",[15,11693,3556],{},[33,11695,11696,11697,11700,11701,11703],{},"Then ",[15,11698,11699],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11702,3556],{}," in the variable",[20,11705,11706,11707,11709],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11708,11102],{}," by itself:",[46,11711,11713],{"className":48,"code":11712,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11714,11715,11747,11757,11761],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11716,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11718,11504],{"class":61},[55,11720,66],{"class":65},[55,11722,10272],{"class":91},[55,11724,228],{"class":69},[55,11726,1947],{"class":73},[55,11728,228],{"class":69},[55,11730,539],{"class":91},[55,11732,5282],{"class":1210},[55,11734,2764],{"class":91},[55,11736,70],{"class":69},[55,11738,11525],{"class":73},[55,11740,228],{"class":69},[55,11742,539],{"class":91},[55,11744,2767],{"class":1210},[55,11746,9089],{"class":91},[55,11748,11749,11751,11753,11755],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11750,11230],{"class":61},[55,11752,92],{"class":91},[55,11754,11163],{"class":95},[55,11756,99],{"class":91},[55,11758,11759],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,11760,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11762,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,11764,106],{"class":105},[55,11766,109],{"class":91},[55,11768,11230],{"class":95},[55,11770,115],{"class":91},[55,11772,11178],{"class":118},[131,11774,11776,11778],{"id":11775},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11777,11102],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11780,11781],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[46,11783,11784],{"className":48,"code":11223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,11785,11786],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11787,11788,11790,11792,11794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11789,11230],{"class":61},[55,11791,92],{"class":91},[55,11793,11163],{"class":95},[55,11795,99],{"class":91},[46,11797,11799],{"className":48,"code":11798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11800,11801],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11802,11803,11805,11807],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11804,11504],{"class":61},[55,11806,66],{"class":65},[55,11808,9619],{"class":91},[1003,11810,11811],{"id":11163},[15,11812,11102],{},[30,11814,11815,11818,11821],{},[33,11816,11817],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,11819,11820],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,11822,11823],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1003,11825,11826],{"id":11230},[15,11827,11828],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,11830,11831,11834,11837],{},[33,11832,11833],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,11835,11836],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,11838,11839],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11841,11842,11843,92],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[166,11844,11846],{"href":11845},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[131,11848,11850],{"id":11849},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11852,11853,11854,11856],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11855,11102],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[46,11858,11860],{"className":48,"code":11859,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11861,11862,11895,11905,11909,11920,11924,11944,11964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11863,11864,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11865,11866],{"class":61},"original ",[55,11868,66],{"class":65},[55,11870,10272],{"class":91},[55,11872,228],{"class":69},[55,11874,166],{"class":73},[55,11876,228],{"class":69},[55,11878,539],{"class":91},[55,11880,5282],{"class":1210},[55,11882,2764],{"class":91},[55,11884,70],{"class":69},[55,11886,4543],{"class":73},[55,11888,228],{"class":69},[55,11890,539],{"class":91},[55,11892,2767],{"class":1210},[55,11894,9089],{"class":91},[55,11896,11897,11900,11902],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11898,11899],{"class":61},"other_ref ",[55,11901,66],{"class":65},[55,11903,11904],{"class":61}," original\n",[55,11906,11907],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,11908,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11910,11911,11914,11916,11918],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,11912,11913],{"class":61},"original",[55,11915,92],{"class":91},[55,11917,11163],{"class":95},[55,11919,99],{"class":91},[55,11921,11922],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,11923,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,11925,11926,11928,11930,11932,11935,11937,11939,11942],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,11927,106],{"class":105},[55,11929,109],{"class":91},[55,11931,228],{"class":69},[55,11933,11934],{"class":73},"original:",[55,11936,228],{"class":69},[55,11938,2764],{"class":91},[55,11940,11941],{"class":95}," original",[55,11943,342],{"class":91},[55,11945,11946,11948,11950,11952,11955,11957,11959,11962],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,11947,106],{"class":105},[55,11949,109],{"class":91},[55,11951,228],{"class":69},[55,11953,11954],{"class":73},"other_ref:",[55,11956,228],{"class":69},[55,11958,2764],{"class":91},[55,11960,11961],{"class":95}," other_ref",[55,11963,342],{"class":91},[55,11965,11966,11968,11970,11972,11975,11977],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,11967,106],{"class":105},[55,11969,109],{"class":91},[55,11971,11866],{"class":95},[55,11973,11974],{"class":487},"is",[55,11976,11961],{"class":95},[55,11978,342],{"class":91},[20,11980,357],{},[46,11982,11984],{"className":48,"code":11983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11985,11986,11994,12003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11987,11988,11990,11992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11989,11913],{"class":61},[55,11991,539],{"class":91},[55,11993,9619],{"class":91},[55,11995,11996,11999,12001],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,11997,11998],{"class":61},"other_ref",[55,12000,539],{"class":91},[55,12002,9619],{"class":91},[55,12004,12005],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,12006,3760],{"class":3631},[20,12008,12009],{},"This shows:",[30,12011,12012,12019,12024],{},[33,12013,12014,1377,12016,12018],{},[15,12015,11913],{},[15,12017,11998],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,12020,12021,12023],{},[15,12022,11102],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,12025,12026],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12028,12029],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[46,12031,12033],{"className":48,"code":12032,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12034,12035,12067,12075,12079,12087,12091,12109,12127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12036,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12038,11866],{"class":61},[55,12040,66],{"class":65},[55,12042,10272],{"class":91},[55,12044,228],{"class":69},[55,12046,166],{"class":73},[55,12048,228],{"class":69},[55,12050,539],{"class":91},[55,12052,5282],{"class":1210},[55,12054,2764],{"class":91},[55,12056,70],{"class":69},[55,12058,4543],{"class":73},[55,12060,228],{"class":69},[55,12062,539],{"class":91},[55,12064,2767],{"class":1210},[55,12066,9089],{"class":91},[55,12068,12069,12071,12073],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,12070,11899],{"class":61},[55,12072,66],{"class":65},[55,12074,11904],{"class":61},[55,12076,12077],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,12078,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,12080,12081,12083,12085],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,12082,11866],{"class":61},[55,12084,66],{"class":65},[55,12086,9619],{"class":91},[55,12088,12089],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,12090,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,12092,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,12094,106],{"class":105},[55,12096,109],{"class":91},[55,12098,228],{"class":69},[55,12100,11934],{"class":73},[55,12102,228],{"class":69},[55,12104,2764],{"class":91},[55,12106,11941],{"class":95},[55,12108,342],{"class":91},[55,12110,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121,12123,12125],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,12112,106],{"class":105},[55,12114,109],{"class":91},[55,12116,228],{"class":69},[55,12118,11954],{"class":73},[55,12120,228],{"class":69},[55,12122,2764],{"class":91},[55,12124,11961],{"class":95},[55,12126,342],{"class":91},[55,12128,12129,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,12130,106],{"class":105},[55,12132,109],{"class":91},[55,12134,11866],{"class":95},[55,12136,11974],{"class":487},[55,12138,11961],{"class":95},[55,12140,342],{"class":91},[20,12142,357],{},[46,12144,12146],{"className":48,"code":12145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12147,12148,12156,12188],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12149,12150,12152,12154],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12151,11913],{"class":61},[55,12153,539],{"class":91},[55,12155,9619],{"class":91},[55,12157,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,12159,11998],{"class":61},[55,12161,539],{"class":91},[55,12163,10272],{"class":91},[55,12165,3077],{"class":69},[55,12167,166],{"class":73},[55,12169,3077],{"class":69},[55,12171,539],{"class":91},[55,12173,5282],{"class":1210},[55,12175,2764],{"class":91},[55,12177,3072],{"class":69},[55,12179,4543],{"class":73},[55,12181,3077],{"class":69},[55,12183,539],{"class":91},[55,12185,2767],{"class":1210},[55,12187,9089],{"class":91},[55,12189,12190],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,12191,3821],{"class":3631},[20,12193,1952],{},[30,12195,12196,12202],{},[33,12197,12198,12201],{},[15,12199,12200],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12203,12204,12206],{},[15,12205,11998],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12208,12209,12210,92],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[166,12211,12213],{"href":12212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12214,12215],{},"dict.copy()",[131,12217,4744,12219],{"id":12218},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12220,11102],{},[20,12222,12223,12225],{},[15,12224,11102],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12227,12228,12231,12234],{},[33,12229,12230],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12232,12233],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12235,12236],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12238,214],{},[46,12240,12242],{"className":48,"code":12241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12243,12244,12253,12269,12289,12302,12306,12310,12315,12326,12330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12245,12246,12249,12251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12247,12248],{"class":61},"session_data ",[55,12250,66],{"class":65},[55,12252,11272],{"class":91},[55,12254,12255,12257,12260,12262,12264,12267],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,12256,11277],{"class":69},[55,12258,12259],{"class":73},"user_id",[55,12261,228],{"class":69},[55,12263,539],{"class":91},[55,12265,12266],{"class":1210}," 101",[55,12268,11293],{"class":91},[55,12270,12271,12273,12276,12278,12280,12282,12285,12287],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,12272,11277],{"class":69},[55,12274,12275],{"class":73},"theme",[55,12277,228],{"class":69},[55,12279,539],{"class":91},[55,12281,70],{"class":69},[55,12283,12284],{"class":73},"dark",[55,12286,228],{"class":69},[55,12288,11293],{"class":91},[55,12290,12291,12293,12296,12298,12300],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,12292,11277],{"class":69},[55,12294,12295],{"class":73},"logged_in",[55,12297,228],{"class":69},[55,12299,539],{"class":91},[55,12301,6208],{"class":3631},[55,12303,12304],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,12305,9089],{"class":91},[55,12307,12308],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,12309,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,12311,12312],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,12313,12314],{"class":118},"# Reset for a new session\n",[55,12316,12317,12320,12322,12324],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,12318,12319],{"class":61},"session_data",[55,12321,92],{"class":91},[55,12323,11163],{"class":95},[55,12325,99],{"class":91},[55,12327,12328],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,12329,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,12331,12332,12334,12336,12338,12340],{"class":57,"line":6222},[55,12333,106],{"class":105},[55,12335,109],{"class":91},[55,12337,12319],{"class":95},[55,12339,115],{"class":91},[55,12341,11178],{"class":118},[20,12343,12344,12345,12351,12352,92,12356,12358,12359,92],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[166,12346,12348],{"href":12347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12349,12350],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[166,12353,12355],{"href":12354},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9627,12357],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[166,12360,12362],{"href":12361},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12363,12364],{},"dict.popitem()",[131,12366,1001],{"id":1000},[20,12368,10528,12369,539],{},[15,12370,11102],{},[30,12372,12373,12379,12384,12387],{},[33,12374,12375,12376,12378],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12377,11102],{}," to a variable",[33,12380,8235,12381,12383],{},[15,12382,11102],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12385,12386],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12388,12389],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12391,12392],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[46,12394,12396],{"className":48,"code":12395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12397,12398,12408,12422,12437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12399,12400,12402,12404,12406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12401,106],{"class":105},[55,12403,109],{"class":91},[55,12405,11230],{"class":95},[55,12407,342],{"class":91},[55,12409,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418,12420],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,12411,106],{"class":105},[55,12413,109],{"class":91},[55,12415,1266],{"class":1265},[55,12417,109],{"class":91},[55,12419,11230],{"class":95},[55,12421,1273],{"class":91},[55,12423,12424,12426,12428,12431,12433,12435],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,12425,106],{"class":105},[55,12427,109],{"class":91},[55,12429,12430],{"class":105},"id",[55,12432,109],{"class":91},[55,12434,11230],{"class":95},[55,12436,1273],{"class":91},[55,12438,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,12440,106],{"class":105},[55,12442,109],{"class":91},[55,12444,11899],{"class":95},[55,12446,11974],{"class":487},[55,12448,11546],{"class":95},[55,12450,342],{"class":91},[20,12452,12453],{},"What these show:",[30,12455,12456,12462,12468,12474],{},[33,12457,12458,12461],{},[15,12459,12460],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12463,12464,12467],{},[15,12465,12466],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12469,12470,12473],{},[15,12471,12472],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12475,12476,12479],{},[15,12477,12478],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[131,12481,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,12483,1581,12485,12487],{"id":12484},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12486,11102],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12489,12490],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1003,12492,1603,12494,1606],{"id":12493},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12495,11107],{},[20,12497,4931,12498,92],{},[15,12499,3556],{},[1003,12501,1626,12503,1377,12505,1631],{"id":12502},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12504,11102],{},[15,12506,3570],{},[20,12508,12509,12511,12512,12514],{},[15,12510,11102],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12513,3570],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1003,12516,1581,12518,12520],{"id":12517},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12519,11102],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12522,12523],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[131,12525,1643],{"id":1642},[30,12527,12528,12532,12536,12543,12550,12557,12562],{},[33,12529,12530],{},[166,12531,8935],{"href":8934},[33,12533,12534],{},[166,12535,11023],{"href":9171},[33,12537,12538],{},[166,12539,10518,12540,1573],{"href":12347},[15,12541,12542],{},"pop()",[33,12544,12545],{},[166,12546,10518,12547,1573],{"href":12361},[15,12548,12549],{},"popitem()",[33,12551,12552],{},[166,12553,10518,12554,1573],{"href":12212},[15,12555,12556],{},"copy()",[33,12558,12559],{},[166,12560,12561],{"href":11845},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12563,12564],{},[166,12565,12566],{"href":12354},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1696,12568,12569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":12571},[12572,12573,12575,12576,12577,12581,12586,12587,12589,12590,12600],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":11186,"depth":80,"text":12574},"What clear() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":11482,"depth":80,"text":12578,"children":12579},"What clear() returns",[12580],{"id":11595,"depth":102,"text":11596},{"id":11775,"depth":80,"text":12582,"children":12583},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12584,12585],{"id":11163,"depth":102,"text":11102},{"id":11230,"depth":102,"text":11828},{"id":11849,"depth":80,"text":11850},{"id":12218,"depth":80,"text":12588},"When to use clear()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":12591},[12592,12594,12596,12598],{"id":12484,"depth":102,"text":12593},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12493,"depth":102,"text":12595},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12502,"depth":102,"text":12597},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12517,"depth":102,"text":12599},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11093,"description":12601},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12608,"title":12609,"body":12610,"description":14777,"extension":1733,"meta":14778,"navigation":248,"path":14779,"seo":14780,"stem":14781,"__hash__":14782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12611,"toc":14749},[12612,12617,12622,12632,12634,12723,12727,12768,12773,12780,12798,12807,12809,12830,12832,12844,12846,12924,12928,12969,12971,12974,13102,13106,13186,13189,13207,13210,13214,13220,13222,13233,13235,13430,13434,13540,13543,13561,13564,13571,13576,13580,13594,13596,13723,13727,13807,13820,13826,13829,13837,13841,13967,13971,14045,14050,14181,14185,14259,14262,14276,14280,14284,14298,14300,14436,14440,14509,14511,14516,14538,14541,14648,14651,14662,14669,14671,14677,14680,14687,14690,14697,14705,14709,14712,14714,14746],[10,12613,11099,12615,18],{"id":12614},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12616,12556],{},[20,12618,12619,12621],{},[15,12620,12215],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12623,12624,12625,12627,12628,12631],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12626,12556],{}," makes a ",[123,12629,12630],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[131,12633,1775],{"id":1774},[46,12635,12637],{"className":48,"code":12636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12638,12639,12677,12694,12698,12709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12640,12641,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12642,12643],{"class":61},"student ",[55,12645,66],{"class":65},[55,12647,10272],{"class":91},[55,12649,228],{"class":69},[55,12651,273],{"class":73},[55,12653,228],{"class":69},[55,12655,539],{"class":91},[55,12657,70],{"class":69},[55,12659,12660],{"class":73},"Ana",[55,12662,228],{"class":69},[55,12664,2764],{"class":91},[55,12666,70],{"class":69},[55,12668,9079],{"class":73},[55,12670,228],{"class":69},[55,12672,539],{"class":91},[55,12674,7574],{"class":1210},[55,12676,9089],{"class":91},[55,12678,12679,12682,12684,12687,12689,12692],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,12680,12681],{"class":61},"student_copy ",[55,12683,66],{"class":65},[55,12685,12686],{"class":61}," student",[55,12688,92],{"class":91},[55,12690,12691],{"class":95},"copy",[55,12693,99],{"class":91},[55,12695,12696],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,12697,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,12699,12700,12702,12704,12707],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,12701,106],{"class":105},[55,12703,109],{"class":91},[55,12705,12706],{"class":95},"student_copy",[55,12708,342],{"class":91},[55,12710,12711,12713,12715,12717,12719,12721],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,12712,106],{"class":105},[55,12714,109],{"class":91},[55,12716,12681],{"class":95},[55,12718,11974],{"class":487},[55,12720,12686],{"class":95},[55,12722,342],{"class":91},[20,12724,12725],{},[123,12726,357],{},[46,12728,12730],{"className":48,"code":12729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12731,12732,12764],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12733,12734,12736,12738,12740,12742,12744,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12735,9058],{"class":91},[55,12737,3077],{"class":69},[55,12739,273],{"class":73},[55,12741,3077],{"class":69},[55,12743,539],{"class":91},[55,12745,3072],{"class":69},[55,12747,12660],{"class":73},[55,12749,3077],{"class":69},[55,12751,2764],{"class":91},[55,12753,3072],{"class":69},[55,12755,9079],{"class":73},[55,12757,3077],{"class":69},[55,12759,539],{"class":91},[55,12761,7574],{"class":1210},[55,12763,9089],{"class":91},[55,12765,12766],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,12767,3821],{"class":3631},[20,12769,1866,12770,12772],{},[15,12771,12556],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[131,12774,12776,12777,12779],{"id":12775},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12778,12556],{}," method does",[30,12781,12782,12787,12790,12795],{},[33,12783,12784,12786],{},[15,12785,12215],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,12788,12789],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,12791,12792,12793],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12794,12556],{},[33,12796,12797],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12799,12800,12801,2651,12804,92],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[166,12802,8935],{"href":12803},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[166,12805,9172],{"href":12806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[131,12808,178],{"id":177},[46,12810,12812],{"className":48,"code":12811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12813,12814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12815,12816,12819,12821,12824,12826,12828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12817,12818],{"class":61},"new_dict ",[55,12820,66],{"class":65},[55,12822,12823],{"class":61}," old_dict",[55,12825,92],{"class":91},[55,12827,12691],{"class":95},[55,12829,99],{"class":91},[20,12831,145],{},[30,12833,12834,12838,12841],{},[33,12835,12836,11246],{},[15,12837,12556],{},[33,12839,12840],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,12842,12843],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12845,214],{},[46,12847,12849],{"className":48,"code":12848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12850,12851,12893,12909,12913],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12852,12853,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12854,12855],{"class":61},"colors ",[55,12857,66],{"class":65},[55,12859,10272],{"class":91},[55,12861,228],{"class":69},[55,12863,166],{"class":73},[55,12865,228],{"class":69},[55,12867,539],{"class":91},[55,12869,70],{"class":69},[55,12871,12872],{"class":73},"red",[55,12874,228],{"class":69},[55,12876,2764],{"class":91},[55,12878,70],{"class":69},[55,12880,4543],{"class":73},[55,12882,228],{"class":69},[55,12884,539],{"class":91},[55,12886,70],{"class":69},[55,12888,705],{"class":73},[55,12890,228],{"class":69},[55,12892,9089],{"class":91},[55,12894,12895,12898,12900,12903,12905,12907],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,12896,12897],{"class":61},"new_colors ",[55,12899,66],{"class":65},[55,12901,12902],{"class":61}," colors",[55,12904,92],{"class":91},[55,12906,12691],{"class":95},[55,12908,99],{"class":91},[55,12910,12911],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,12912,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,12914,12915,12917,12919,12922],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,12916,106],{"class":105},[55,12918,109],{"class":91},[55,12920,12921],{"class":95},"new_colors",[55,12923,342],{"class":91},[20,12925,12926],{},[123,12927,357],{},[46,12929,12931],{"className":48,"code":12930,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12932,12933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12934,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12936,9058],{"class":91},[55,12938,3077],{"class":69},[55,12940,166],{"class":73},[55,12942,3077],{"class":69},[55,12944,539],{"class":91},[55,12946,3072],{"class":69},[55,12948,12872],{"class":73},[55,12950,3077],{"class":69},[55,12952,2764],{"class":91},[55,12954,3072],{"class":69},[55,12956,4543],{"class":73},[55,12958,3077],{"class":69},[55,12960,539],{"class":91},[55,12962,3072],{"class":69},[55,12964,705],{"class":73},[55,12966,3077],{"class":69},[55,12968,9089],{"class":91},[131,12970,286],{"id":285},[20,12972,12973],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[46,12975,12977],{"className":48,"code":12976,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12978,12979,13017,13033,13037,13059,13063,13082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12980,12981,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12982,12983],{"class":61},"person ",[55,12985,66],{"class":65},[55,12987,10272],{"class":91},[55,12989,228],{"class":69},[55,12991,273],{"class":73},[55,12993,228],{"class":69},[55,12995,539],{"class":91},[55,12997,70],{"class":69},[55,12999,13000],{"class":73},"Liam",[55,13002,228],{"class":69},[55,13004,2764],{"class":91},[55,13006,70],{"class":69},[55,13008,9079],{"class":73},[55,13010,228],{"class":69},[55,13012,539],{"class":91},[55,13014,9086],{"class":1210},[55,13016,9089],{"class":91},[55,13018,13019,13022,13024,13027,13029,13031],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,13020,13021],{"class":61},"person_copy ",[55,13023,66],{"class":65},[55,13025,13026],{"class":61}," person",[55,13028,92],{"class":91},[55,13030,12691],{"class":95},[55,13032,99],{"class":91},[55,13034,13035],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,13036,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13038,13039,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13053,13056],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,13040,13041],{"class":61},"person_copy",[55,13043,3680],{"class":91},[55,13045,228],{"class":69},[55,13047,9079],{"class":73},[55,13049,228],{"class":69},[55,13051,13052],{"class":91},"]",[55,13054,13055],{"class":65}," =",[55,13057,13058],{"class":1210}," 26\n",[55,13060,13061],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,13062,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13064,13065,13067,13069,13071,13074,13076,13078,13080],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,13066,106],{"class":105},[55,13068,109],{"class":91},[55,13070,228],{"class":69},[55,13072,13073],{"class":73},"Original:",[55,13075,228],{"class":69},[55,13077,2764],{"class":91},[55,13079,13026],{"class":95},[55,13081,342],{"class":91},[55,13083,13084,13086,13088,13090,13093,13095,13097,13100],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,13085,106],{"class":105},[55,13087,109],{"class":91},[55,13089,228],{"class":69},[55,13091,13092],{"class":73},"Copy:",[55,13094,228],{"class":69},[55,13096,2764],{"class":91},[55,13098,13099],{"class":95}," person_copy",[55,13101,342],{"class":91},[20,13103,13104],{},[123,13105,357],{},[46,13107,13109],{"className":48,"code":13108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13110,13111,13148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13112,13113,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13114,13115],{"class":61},"Original",[55,13117,539],{"class":91},[55,13119,10272],{"class":91},[55,13121,3077],{"class":69},[55,13123,273],{"class":73},[55,13125,3077],{"class":69},[55,13127,539],{"class":91},[55,13129,3072],{"class":69},[55,13131,13000],{"class":73},[55,13133,3077],{"class":69},[55,13135,2764],{"class":91},[55,13137,3072],{"class":69},[55,13139,9079],{"class":73},[55,13141,3077],{"class":69},[55,13143,539],{"class":91},[55,13145,9086],{"class":1210},[55,13147,9089],{"class":91},[55,13149,13150,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13184],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,13151,13152],{"class":61},"Copy",[55,13154,539],{"class":91},[55,13156,10272],{"class":91},[55,13158,3077],{"class":69},[55,13160,273],{"class":73},[55,13162,3077],{"class":69},[55,13164,539],{"class":91},[55,13166,3072],{"class":69},[55,13168,13000],{"class":73},[55,13170,3077],{"class":69},[55,13172,2764],{"class":91},[55,13174,3072],{"class":69},[55,13176,9079],{"class":73},[55,13178,3077],{"class":69},[55,13180,539],{"class":91},[55,13182,13183],{"class":1210}," 26",[55,13185,9089],{"class":91},[20,13187,13188],{},"What happened here:",[30,13190,13191,13197,13204],{},[33,13192,13193,13196],{},[15,13194,13195],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13198,13199,13200,13203],{},"Changing ",[15,13201,13202],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13205,13206],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13208,13209],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[131,13211,13213],{"id":13212},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13215,13216,12627,13218,92],{},[15,13217,12556],{},[123,13219,12630],{},[20,13221,1881],{},[30,13223,13224,13227,13230],{},[33,13225,13226],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13228,13229],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13231,13232],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13234,214],{},[46,13236,13238],{"className":48,"code":13237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13239,13240,13248,13266,13289,13293,13297,13311,13315,13340,13344,13362,13381,13396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13241,13242,13244,13246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13243,12643],{"class":61},[55,13245,66],{"class":65},[55,13247,11272],{"class":91},[55,13249,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,13251,11277],{"class":69},[55,13253,273],{"class":73},[55,13255,228],{"class":69},[55,13257,539],{"class":91},[55,13259,70],{"class":69},[55,13261,12660],{"class":73},[55,13263,228],{"class":69},[55,13265,11293],{"class":91},[55,13267,13268,13270,13273,13275,13277,13279,13282,13284,13287],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,13269,11277],{"class":69},[55,13271,13272],{"class":73},"grades",[55,13274,228],{"class":69},[55,13276,539],{"class":91},[55,13278,3400],{"class":91},[55,13280,13281],{"class":1210},"90",[55,13283,2764],{"class":91},[55,13285,13286],{"class":1210}," 85",[55,13288,3413],{"class":91},[55,13290,13291],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,13292,9089],{"class":91},[55,13294,13295],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,13296,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13298,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,13300,12681],{"class":61},[55,13302,66],{"class":65},[55,13304,12686],{"class":61},[55,13306,92],{"class":91},[55,13308,12691],{"class":95},[55,13310,99],{"class":91},[55,13312,13313],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,13314,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13316,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13330,13333,13335,13338],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,13318,12706],{"class":61},[55,13320,3680],{"class":91},[55,13322,228],{"class":69},[55,13324,13272],{"class":73},[55,13326,228],{"class":69},[55,13328,13329],{"class":91},"].",[55,13331,13332],{"class":95},"append",[55,13334,109],{"class":91},[55,13336,13337],{"class":1210},"100",[55,13339,342],{"class":91},[55,13341,13342],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,13343,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13345,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360],{"class":57,"line":6222},[55,13347,106],{"class":105},[55,13349,109],{"class":91},[55,13351,228],{"class":69},[55,13353,13073],{"class":73},[55,13355,228],{"class":69},[55,13357,2764],{"class":91},[55,13359,12686],{"class":95},[55,13361,342],{"class":91},[55,13363,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13379],{"class":57,"line":11374},[55,13365,106],{"class":105},[55,13367,109],{"class":91},[55,13369,228],{"class":69},[55,13371,13092],{"class":73},[55,13373,228],{"class":69},[55,13375,2764],{"class":91},[55,13377,13378],{"class":95}," student_copy",[55,13380,342],{"class":91},[55,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394],{"class":57,"line":13383},12,[55,13385,106],{"class":105},[55,13387,109],{"class":91},[55,13389,12643],{"class":95},[55,13391,11974],{"class":487},[55,13393,13378],{"class":95},[55,13395,342],{"class":91},[55,13397,13399,13401,13403,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428],{"class":57,"line":13398},13,[55,13400,106],{"class":105},[55,13402,109],{"class":91},[55,13404,13405],{"class":95},"student",[55,13407,3680],{"class":91},[55,13409,228],{"class":69},[55,13411,13272],{"class":73},[55,13413,228],{"class":69},[55,13415,13052],{"class":91},[55,13417,7880],{"class":487},[55,13419,13378],{"class":95},[55,13421,3680],{"class":91},[55,13423,228],{"class":69},[55,13425,13272],{"class":73},[55,13427,228],{"class":69},[55,13429,3668],{"class":91},[20,13431,13432],{},[123,13433,357],{},[46,13435,13437],{"className":48,"code":13436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13438,13439,13486,13532,13536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13440,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13442,13115],{"class":61},[55,13444,539],{"class":91},[55,13446,10272],{"class":91},[55,13448,3077],{"class":69},[55,13450,273],{"class":73},[55,13452,3077],{"class":69},[55,13454,539],{"class":91},[55,13456,3072],{"class":69},[55,13458,12660],{"class":73},[55,13460,3077],{"class":69},[55,13462,2764],{"class":91},[55,13464,3072],{"class":69},[55,13466,13272],{"class":73},[55,13468,3077],{"class":69},[55,13470,539],{"class":91},[55,13472,3400],{"class":91},[55,13474,13281],{"class":1210},[55,13476,2764],{"class":91},[55,13478,13286],{"class":1210},[55,13480,2764],{"class":91},[55,13482,9899],{"class":1210},[55,13484,13485],{"class":91},"]}\n",[55,13487,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,13489,13152],{"class":61},[55,13491,539],{"class":91},[55,13493,10272],{"class":91},[55,13495,3077],{"class":69},[55,13497,273],{"class":73},[55,13499,3077],{"class":69},[55,13501,539],{"class":91},[55,13503,3072],{"class":69},[55,13505,12660],{"class":73},[55,13507,3077],{"class":69},[55,13509,2764],{"class":91},[55,13511,3072],{"class":69},[55,13513,13272],{"class":73},[55,13515,3077],{"class":69},[55,13517,539],{"class":91},[55,13519,3400],{"class":91},[55,13521,13281],{"class":1210},[55,13523,2764],{"class":91},[55,13525,13286],{"class":1210},[55,13527,2764],{"class":91},[55,13529,9899],{"class":1210},[55,13531,13485],{"class":91},[55,13533,13534],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,13535,3821],{"class":3631},[55,13537,13538],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,13539,3760],{"class":3631},[20,13541,13542],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13544,13545,13553],{},[33,13546,13547,4566,13550,13552],{},[15,13548,13549],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13551,3452],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13554,13555,4566,13558,13560],{},[15,13556,13557],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13559,3380],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13562,13563],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13565,13566,13567,92],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[166,13568,13570],{"href":13569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[131,13572,4744,13574],{"id":13573},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13575,12556],{},[20,13577,1866,13578,10382],{},[15,13579,12556],{},[30,13581,13582,13585,13588,13591],{},[33,13583,13584],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13586,13587],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13589,13590],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13592,13593],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13595,214],{},[46,13597,13599],{"className":48,"code":13598,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13600,13601,13640,13656,13660,13680,13684,13703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13602,13603,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13631,13633,13635,13638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13604,13605],{"class":61},"settings ",[55,13607,66],{"class":65},[55,13609,10272],{"class":91},[55,13611,228],{"class":69},[55,13613,12275],{"class":73},[55,13615,228],{"class":69},[55,13617,539],{"class":91},[55,13619,70],{"class":69},[55,13621,12284],{"class":73},[55,13623,228],{"class":69},[55,13625,2764],{"class":91},[55,13627,70],{"class":69},[55,13629,13630],{"class":73},"font_size",[55,13632,228],{"class":69},[55,13634,539],{"class":91},[55,13636,13637],{"class":1210}," 14",[55,13639,9089],{"class":91},[55,13641,13642,13645,13647,13650,13652,13654],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,13643,13644],{"class":61},"settings_backup ",[55,13646,66],{"class":65},[55,13648,13649],{"class":61}," settings",[55,13651,92],{"class":91},[55,13653,12691],{"class":95},[55,13655,99],{"class":91},[55,13657,13658],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,13659,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13661,13662,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,13663,13664],{"class":61},"settings",[55,13666,3680],{"class":91},[55,13668,228],{"class":69},[55,13670,13630],{"class":73},[55,13672,228],{"class":69},[55,13674,13052],{"class":91},[55,13676,13055],{"class":65},[55,13678,13679],{"class":1210}," 16\n",[55,13681,13682],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,13683,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13685,13686,13688,13690,13692,13695,13697,13699,13701],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,13687,106],{"class":105},[55,13689,109],{"class":91},[55,13691,228],{"class":69},[55,13693,13694],{"class":73},"Current:",[55,13696,228],{"class":69},[55,13698,2764],{"class":91},[55,13700,13649],{"class":95},[55,13702,342],{"class":91},[55,13704,13705,13707,13709,13711,13714,13716,13718,13721],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,13706,106],{"class":105},[55,13708,109],{"class":91},[55,13710,228],{"class":69},[55,13712,13713],{"class":73},"Backup:",[55,13715,228],{"class":69},[55,13717,2764],{"class":91},[55,13719,13720],{"class":95}," settings_backup",[55,13722,342],{"class":91},[20,13724,13725],{},[123,13726,357],{},[46,13728,13730],{"className":48,"code":13729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13731,13732,13770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13733,13734,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13735,13736],{"class":61},"Current",[55,13738,539],{"class":91},[55,13740,10272],{"class":91},[55,13742,3077],{"class":69},[55,13744,12275],{"class":73},[55,13746,3077],{"class":69},[55,13748,539],{"class":91},[55,13750,3072],{"class":69},[55,13752,12284],{"class":73},[55,13754,3077],{"class":69},[55,13756,2764],{"class":91},[55,13758,3072],{"class":69},[55,13760,13630],{"class":73},[55,13762,3077],{"class":69},[55,13764,539],{"class":91},[55,13766,13767],{"class":1210}," 16",[55,13769,9089],{"class":91},[55,13771,13772,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,13773,13774],{"class":61},"Backup",[55,13776,539],{"class":91},[55,13778,10272],{"class":91},[55,13780,3077],{"class":69},[55,13782,12275],{"class":73},[55,13784,3077],{"class":69},[55,13786,539],{"class":91},[55,13788,3072],{"class":69},[55,13790,12284],{"class":73},[55,13792,3077],{"class":69},[55,13794,2764],{"class":91},[55,13796,3072],{"class":69},[55,13798,13630],{"class":73},[55,13800,3077],{"class":69},[55,13802,539],{"class":91},[55,13804,13637],{"class":1210},[55,13806,9089],{"class":91},[20,13808,13809,13810,2651,13816,92],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[166,13811,13813],{"href":13812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13814,13815],{},"dict.update()",[166,13817,13818],{"href":12603},[15,13819,11107],{},[131,13821,13823,13825],{"id":13822},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13824,12556],{}," vs assignment",[20,13827,13828],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13830,1185,13831,13833,13834,13836],{},[15,13832,66],{}," does ",[123,13835,902],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1003,13838,13840],{"id":13839},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[46,13842,13844],{"className":48,"code":13843,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13845,13846,13878,13887,13891,13911,13915,13933,13953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13847,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13849,11866],{"class":61},[55,13851,66],{"class":65},[55,13853,10272],{"class":91},[55,13855,228],{"class":69},[55,13857,1947],{"class":73},[55,13859,228],{"class":69},[55,13861,539],{"class":91},[55,13863,5282],{"class":1210},[55,13865,2764],{"class":91},[55,13867,70],{"class":69},[55,13869,11525],{"class":73},[55,13871,228],{"class":69},[55,13873,539],{"class":91},[55,13875,2767],{"class":1210},[55,13877,9089],{"class":91},[55,13879,13880,13883,13885],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,13881,13882],{"class":61},"assigned ",[55,13884,66],{"class":65},[55,13886,11904],{"class":61},[55,13888,13889],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,13890,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13892,13893,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,13894,13895],{"class":61},"assigned",[55,13897,3680],{"class":91},[55,13899,228],{"class":69},[55,13901,1947],{"class":73},[55,13903,228],{"class":69},[55,13905,13052],{"class":91},[55,13907,13055],{"class":65},[55,13909,13910],{"class":1210}," 99\n",[55,13912,13913],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,13914,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,13916,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,13918,106],{"class":105},[55,13920,109],{"class":91},[55,13922,228],{"class":69},[55,13924,13073],{"class":73},[55,13926,228],{"class":69},[55,13928,2764],{"class":91},[55,13930,11941],{"class":95},[55,13932,342],{"class":91},[55,13934,13935,13937,13939,13941,13944,13946,13948,13951],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,13936,106],{"class":105},[55,13938,109],{"class":91},[55,13940,228],{"class":69},[55,13942,13943],{"class":73},"Assigned:",[55,13945,228],{"class":69},[55,13947,2764],{"class":91},[55,13949,13950],{"class":95}," assigned",[55,13952,342],{"class":91},[55,13954,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,13956,106],{"class":105},[55,13958,109],{"class":91},[55,13960,11866],{"class":95},[55,13962,11974],{"class":487},[55,13964,13950],{"class":95},[55,13966,342],{"class":91},[20,13968,13969],{},[123,13970,357],{},[46,13972,13974],{"className":48,"code":13973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13975,13976,14008,14041],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13977,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13979,13115],{"class":61},[55,13981,539],{"class":91},[55,13983,10272],{"class":91},[55,13985,3077],{"class":69},[55,13987,1947],{"class":73},[55,13989,3077],{"class":69},[55,13991,539],{"class":91},[55,13993,9978],{"class":1210},[55,13995,2764],{"class":91},[55,13997,3072],{"class":69},[55,13999,11525],{"class":73},[55,14001,3077],{"class":69},[55,14003,539],{"class":91},[55,14005,2767],{"class":1210},[55,14007,9089],{"class":91},[55,14009,14010,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14011,14012],{"class":61},"Assigned",[55,14014,539],{"class":91},[55,14016,10272],{"class":91},[55,14018,3077],{"class":69},[55,14020,1947],{"class":73},[55,14022,3077],{"class":69},[55,14024,539],{"class":91},[55,14026,9978],{"class":1210},[55,14028,2764],{"class":91},[55,14030,3072],{"class":69},[55,14032,11525],{"class":73},[55,14034,3077],{"class":69},[55,14036,539],{"class":91},[55,14038,2767],{"class":1210},[55,14040,9089],{"class":91},[55,14042,14043],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,14044,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,14046,1185,14048],{"id":14047},"using-copy",[15,14049,12556],{},[46,14051,14053],{"className":48,"code":14052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14054,14055,14087,14102,14106,14125,14129,14147,14167],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14056,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14058,11866],{"class":61},[55,14060,66],{"class":65},[55,14062,10272],{"class":91},[55,14064,228],{"class":69},[55,14066,1947],{"class":73},[55,14068,228],{"class":69},[55,14070,539],{"class":91},[55,14072,5282],{"class":1210},[55,14074,2764],{"class":91},[55,14076,70],{"class":69},[55,14078,11525],{"class":73},[55,14080,228],{"class":69},[55,14082,539],{"class":91},[55,14084,2767],{"class":1210},[55,14086,9089],{"class":91},[55,14088,14089,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14090,14091],{"class":61},"copied ",[55,14093,66],{"class":65},[55,14095,11941],{"class":61},[55,14097,92],{"class":91},[55,14099,12691],{"class":95},[55,14101,99],{"class":91},[55,14103,14104],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,14105,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,14107,14108,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,14109,14110],{"class":61},"copied",[55,14112,3680],{"class":91},[55,14114,228],{"class":69},[55,14116,1947],{"class":73},[55,14118,228],{"class":69},[55,14120,13052],{"class":91},[55,14122,13055],{"class":65},[55,14124,13910],{"class":1210},[55,14126,14127],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,14128,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,14130,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,14132,106],{"class":105},[55,14134,109],{"class":91},[55,14136,228],{"class":69},[55,14138,13073],{"class":73},[55,14140,228],{"class":69},[55,14142,2764],{"class":91},[55,14144,11941],{"class":95},[55,14146,342],{"class":91},[55,14148,14149,14151,14153,14155,14158,14160,14162,14165],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,14150,106],{"class":105},[55,14152,109],{"class":91},[55,14154,228],{"class":69},[55,14156,14157],{"class":73},"Copied:",[55,14159,228],{"class":69},[55,14161,2764],{"class":91},[55,14163,14164],{"class":95}," copied",[55,14166,342],{"class":91},[55,14168,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,14170,106],{"class":105},[55,14172,109],{"class":91},[55,14174,11866],{"class":95},[55,14176,11974],{"class":487},[55,14178,14164],{"class":95},[55,14180,342],{"class":91},[20,14182,14183],{},[123,14184,357],{},[46,14186,14188],{"className":48,"code":14187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14189,14190,14222,14255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14191,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14193,13115],{"class":61},[55,14195,539],{"class":91},[55,14197,10272],{"class":91},[55,14199,3077],{"class":69},[55,14201,1947],{"class":73},[55,14203,3077],{"class":69},[55,14205,539],{"class":91},[55,14207,5282],{"class":1210},[55,14209,2764],{"class":91},[55,14211,3072],{"class":69},[55,14213,11525],{"class":73},[55,14215,3077],{"class":69},[55,14217,539],{"class":91},[55,14219,2767],{"class":1210},[55,14221,9089],{"class":91},[55,14223,14224,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14225,14226],{"class":61},"Copied",[55,14228,539],{"class":91},[55,14230,10272],{"class":91},[55,14232,3077],{"class":69},[55,14234,1947],{"class":73},[55,14236,3077],{"class":69},[55,14238,539],{"class":91},[55,14240,9978],{"class":1210},[55,14242,2764],{"class":91},[55,14244,3072],{"class":69},[55,14246,11525],{"class":73},[55,14248,3077],{"class":69},[55,14250,539],{"class":91},[55,14252,2767],{"class":1210},[55,14254,9089],{"class":91},[55,14256,14257],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,14258,3821],{"class":3631},[20,14260,14261],{},"Summary:",[30,14263,14264,14270],{},[33,14265,14266,14269],{},[15,14267,14268],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14271,14272,14275],{},[15,14273,14274],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[131,14277,14279],{"id":14278},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14281,14282,539],{},[15,14283,12556],{},[30,14285,14286,14289,14292,14295],{},[33,14287,14288],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14290,14291],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14293,14294],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14296,14297],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14299,214],{},[46,14301,14303],{"className":48,"code":14302,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14304,14305,14337,14353,14357,14375,14395,14399,14417],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14306,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14308,8945],{"class":61},[55,14310,66],{"class":65},[55,14312,10272],{"class":91},[55,14314,228],{"class":69},[55,14316,166],{"class":73},[55,14318,228],{"class":69},[55,14320,539],{"class":91},[55,14322,5282],{"class":1210},[55,14324,2764],{"class":91},[55,14326,70],{"class":69},[55,14328,4543],{"class":73},[55,14330,228],{"class":69},[55,14332,539],{"class":91},[55,14334,2767],{"class":1210},[55,14336,9089],{"class":91},[55,14338,14339,14342,14344,14347,14349,14351],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14340,14341],{"class":61},"data_copy ",[55,14343,66],{"class":65},[55,14345,14346],{"class":61}," data",[55,14348,92],{"class":91},[55,14350,12691],{"class":95},[55,14352,99],{"class":91},[55,14354,14355],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,14356,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,14358,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,14360,8984],{"class":61},[55,14362,3680],{"class":91},[55,14364,228],{"class":69},[55,14366,166],{"class":73},[55,14368,228],{"class":69},[55,14370,13052],{"class":91},[55,14372,13055],{"class":65},[55,14374,2360],{"class":1210},[55,14376,14377,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,14378,14379],{"class":61},"data_copy",[55,14381,3680],{"class":91},[55,14383,228],{"class":69},[55,14385,4543],{"class":73},[55,14387,228],{"class":69},[55,14389,13052],{"class":91},[55,14391,13055],{"class":65},[55,14393,14394],{"class":1210}," 20\n",[55,14396,14397],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,14398,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,14400,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,14402,106],{"class":105},[55,14404,109],{"class":91},[55,14406,228],{"class":69},[55,14408,13073],{"class":73},[55,14410,228],{"class":69},[55,14412,2764],{"class":91},[55,14414,14346],{"class":95},[55,14416,342],{"class":91},[55,14418,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14434],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,14420,106],{"class":105},[55,14422,109],{"class":91},[55,14424,228],{"class":69},[55,14426,13092],{"class":73},[55,14428,228],{"class":69},[55,14430,2764],{"class":91},[55,14432,14433],{"class":95}," data_copy",[55,14435,342],{"class":91},[20,14437,14438],{},[123,14439,357],{},[46,14441,14443],{"className":48,"code":14442,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14444,14445,14477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14446,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14448,13115],{"class":61},[55,14450,539],{"class":91},[55,14452,10272],{"class":91},[55,14454,3077],{"class":69},[55,14456,166],{"class":73},[55,14458,3077],{"class":69},[55,14460,539],{"class":91},[55,14462,5790],{"class":1210},[55,14464,2764],{"class":91},[55,14466,3072],{"class":69},[55,14468,4543],{"class":73},[55,14470,3077],{"class":69},[55,14472,539],{"class":91},[55,14474,2767],{"class":1210},[55,14476,9089],{"class":91},[55,14478,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14480,13152],{"class":61},[55,14482,539],{"class":91},[55,14484,10272],{"class":91},[55,14486,3077],{"class":69},[55,14488,166],{"class":73},[55,14490,3077],{"class":69},[55,14492,539],{"class":91},[55,14494,5282],{"class":1210},[55,14496,2764],{"class":91},[55,14498,3072],{"class":69},[55,14500,4543],{"class":73},[55,14502,3077],{"class":69},[55,14504,539],{"class":91},[55,14506,7574],{"class":1210},[55,14508,9089],{"class":91},[131,14510,1001],{"id":1000},[20,14512,14513,14514,539],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14515,12215],{},[30,14517,14518,14525,14530,14535],{},[33,14519,1185,14520,1012,14522,14524],{},[15,14521,66],{},[15,14523,12556],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14526,4362,14527,14529],{},[15,14528,12556],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14531,14532,14533],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14534,12556],{},[33,14536,14537],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14539,14540],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[46,14542,14544],{"className":48,"code":14543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14545,14546,14556,14566,14580,14603,14626],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14547,14548,14550,14552,14554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14549,106],{"class":105},[55,14551,109],{"class":91},[55,14553,11913],{"class":95},[55,14555,342],{"class":91},[55,14557,14558,14560,14562,14564],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14559,106],{"class":105},[55,14561,109],{"class":91},[55,14563,14110],{"class":95},[55,14565,342],{"class":91},[55,14567,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,14569,106],{"class":105},[55,14571,109],{"class":91},[55,14573,11866],{"class":95},[55,14575,11974],{"class":487},[55,14577,14164],{"class":95},[55,14579,342],{"class":91},[55,14581,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14597,14599,14601],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,14583,106],{"class":105},[55,14585,109],{"class":91},[55,14587,12430],{"class":105},[55,14589,109],{"class":91},[55,14591,11913],{"class":95},[55,14593,9013],{"class":91},[55,14595,14596],{"class":105}," id",[55,14598,109],{"class":91},[55,14600,14110],{"class":95},[55,14602,1273],{"class":91},[55,14604,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14622,14624],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,14606,106],{"class":105},[55,14608,109],{"class":91},[55,14610,12430],{"class":105},[55,14612,109],{"class":91},[55,14614,11913],{"class":95},[55,14616,3680],{"class":91},[55,14618,228],{"class":69},[55,14620,14621],{"class":73},"key",[55,14623,228],{"class":69},[55,14625,2774],{"class":91},[55,14627,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,14629,106],{"class":105},[55,14631,109],{"class":91},[55,14633,12430],{"class":105},[55,14635,109],{"class":91},[55,14637,14110],{"class":95},[55,14639,3680],{"class":91},[55,14641,228],{"class":69},[55,14643,14621],{"class":73},[55,14645,228],{"class":69},[55,14647,2774],{"class":91},[20,14649,14650],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14652,14653,14656,14659],{},[33,14654,14655],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,14657,14658],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,14660,14661],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14663,14664,14665,92],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[166,14666,14668],{"href":14667},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[131,14670,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,14672,1581,14674,14676],{"id":14673},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14675,12215],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14678,14679],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1003,14681,14683,14684,14686],{"id":14682},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14685,12215],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14688,14689],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1003,14691,1626,14693,1377,14695,1631],{"id":14692},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14694,12556],{},[15,14696,66],{},[20,14698,14699,14701,14702,14704],{},[15,14700,12556],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14703,66],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1003,14706,14708],{"id":14707},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14710,14711],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[131,14713,1643],{"id":1642},[30,14715,14716,14720,14724,14728,14735,14741],{},[33,14717,14718],{},[166,14719,11023],{"href":12806},[33,14721,14722],{},[166,14723,8935],{"href":12803},[33,14725,14726],{},[166,14727,13570],{"href":13569},[33,14729,14730],{},[166,14731,10518,14732,1573],{"href":13812},[15,14733,14734],{},"update()",[33,14736,14737],{},[166,14738,10518,14739,1573],{"href":12603},[15,14740,11102],{},[33,14742,14743],{},[166,14744,14745],{"href":14667},"How to copy a list in Python",[1696,14747,14748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":14750},[14751,14752,14754,14755,14756,14757,14759,14765,14766,14767,14776],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":12775,"depth":80,"text":14753},"What the copy() method does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":13212,"depth":80,"text":13213},{"id":13573,"depth":80,"text":14758},"When to use copy()",{"id":13822,"depth":80,"text":14760,"children":14761},"copy() vs assignment",[14762,14763],{"id":13839,"depth":102,"text":13840},{"id":14047,"depth":102,"text":14764},"Using copy()",{"id":14278,"depth":80,"text":14279},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":14768},[14769,14771,14773,14775],{"id":14673,"depth":102,"text":14770},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14682,"depth":102,"text":14772},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14692,"depth":102,"text":14774},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14707,"depth":102,"text":14708},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12609,"description":14777},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14784,"title":14785,"body":14786,"description":16981,"extension":1733,"meta":16982,"navigation":248,"path":12806,"seo":16983,"stem":16984,"__hash__":16985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14787,"toc":16943},[14788,14791,14797,14806,14808,14884,14888,14937,14940,14944,14958,14961,14965,14978,14981,15014,15028,15031,15043,15047,15050,15058,15138,15142,15195,15199,15217,15219,15301,15304,15306,15309,15312,15335,15359,15363,15371,15374,15376,15385,15390,15448,15452,15485,15491,15497,15500,15555,15559,15609,15612,15618,15621,15629,15631,15676,15681,15690,15693,15696,15743,15745,15750,15753,15847,15851,15904,15907,15963,15966,15970,15973,15987,15991,16057,16061,16086,16089,16093,16171,16175,16178,16181,16201,16204,16257,16261,16264,16267,16280,16282,16371,16378,16381,16392,16394,16397,16417,16421,16423,16432,16434,16473,16477,16479,16488,16497,16499,16537,16541,16588,16592,16613,16617,16620,16732,16737,16835,16857,16859,16863,16870,16874,16880,16884,16887,16891,16894,16901,16909,16911,16937,16940],[10,14789,14785],{"id":14790},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14792,14793,14794,14796],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[123,14795,8911],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14798,14799,14800,2651,14802,92],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[166,14801,8935],{"href":8934},[166,14803,14805],{"href":14804},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[131,14807,1775],{"id":1774},[46,14809,14811],{"className":48,"code":14810,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14812,14813,14821,14839,14853,14866,14870,14874],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14814,14815,14817,14819],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14816,12643],{"class":61},[55,14818,66],{"class":65},[55,14820,11272],{"class":91},[55,14822,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14824,11277],{"class":69},[55,14826,273],{"class":73},[55,14828,228],{"class":69},[55,14830,539],{"class":91},[55,14832,70],{"class":69},[55,14834,12660],{"class":73},[55,14836,228],{"class":69},[55,14838,11293],{"class":91},[55,14840,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,14842,11277],{"class":69},[55,14844,9079],{"class":73},[55,14846,228],{"class":69},[55,14848,539],{"class":91},[55,14850,7574],{"class":1210},[55,14852,11293],{"class":91},[55,14854,14855,14857,14860,14862,14864],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,14856,11277],{"class":69},[55,14858,14859],{"class":73},"is_active",[55,14861,228],{"class":69},[55,14863,539],{"class":91},[55,14865,6208],{"class":3631},[55,14867,14868],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,14869,9089],{"class":91},[55,14871,14872],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,14873,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,14875,14876,14878,14880,14882],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,14877,106],{"class":105},[55,14879,109],{"class":91},[55,14881,13405],{"class":95},[55,14883,342],{"class":91},[20,14885,14886],{},[123,14887,357],{},[46,14889,14891],{"className":48,"code":14890,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14892,14893],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14894,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14896,9058],{"class":91},[55,14898,3077],{"class":69},[55,14900,273],{"class":73},[55,14902,3077],{"class":69},[55,14904,539],{"class":91},[55,14906,3072],{"class":69},[55,14908,12660],{"class":73},[55,14910,3077],{"class":69},[55,14912,2764],{"class":91},[55,14914,3072],{"class":69},[55,14916,9079],{"class":73},[55,14918,3077],{"class":69},[55,14920,539],{"class":91},[55,14922,7574],{"class":1210},[55,14924,2764],{"class":91},[55,14926,3072],{"class":69},[55,14928,14859],{"class":73},[55,14930,3077],{"class":69},[55,14932,539],{"class":91},[55,14934,3696],{"class":3631},[55,14936,9089],{"class":91},[20,14938,14939],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[131,14941,14943],{"id":14942},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,14945,14946,14949,14952,14955],{},[33,14947,14948],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,14950,14951],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,14953,14954],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,14956,14957],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[131,14959,14948],{"id":14960},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14962,8908,14963,92],{},[123,14964,8911],{},[30,14966,14967,14973],{},[33,14968,14969,14970,14972],{},"A ",[123,14971,14621],{}," is the label",[33,14974,14969,14975,14977],{},[123,14976,2245],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14979,14980],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[46,14982,14984],{"className":48,"code":14983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14985,14986,14994,15010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14987,14988,14990,14992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14989,12643],{"class":61},[55,14991,66],{"class":65},[55,14993,11272],{"class":91},[55,14995,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,14997,11277],{"class":69},[55,14999,273],{"class":73},[55,15001,228],{"class":69},[55,15003,539],{"class":91},[55,15005,70],{"class":69},[55,15007,12660],{"class":73},[55,15009,77],{"class":69},[55,15011,15012],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,15013,9089],{"class":91},[30,15015,15016,15022],{},[33,15017,15018,15021],{},[15,15019,15020],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,15023,15024,15027],{},[15,15025,15026],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15029,15030],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,15032,15033,15035,15037,15040],{},[33,15034,273],{},[33,15036,9079],{},[33,15038,15039],{},"email",[33,15041,15042],{},"country",[131,15044,15046],{"id":15045},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15048,15049],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15051,1866,15052,15054,15055,92],{},[15,15053,3570],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15056,15057],{},"key: value",[46,15059,15061],{"className":48,"code":15060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15062,15063,15071,15089,15103,15120,15124,15128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15064,15065,15067,15069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15066,12643],{"class":61},[55,15068,66],{"class":65},[55,15070,11272],{"class":91},[55,15072,15073,15075,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15074,11277],{"class":69},[55,15076,273],{"class":73},[55,15078,228],{"class":69},[55,15080,539],{"class":91},[55,15082,70],{"class":69},[55,15084,12660],{"class":73},[55,15086,228],{"class":69},[55,15088,11293],{"class":91},[55,15090,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,15092,11277],{"class":69},[55,15094,9079],{"class":73},[55,15096,228],{"class":69},[55,15098,539],{"class":91},[55,15100,7574],{"class":1210},[55,15102,11293],{"class":91},[55,15104,15105,15107,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,15106,11277],{"class":69},[55,15108,15109],{"class":73},"course",[55,15111,228],{"class":69},[55,15113,539],{"class":91},[55,15115,70],{"class":69},[55,15117,7082],{"class":73},[55,15119,77],{"class":69},[55,15121,15122],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,15123,9089],{"class":91},[55,15125,15126],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,15127,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,15129,15130,15132,15134,15136],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,15131,106],{"class":105},[55,15133,109],{"class":91},[55,15135,13405],{"class":95},[55,15137,342],{"class":91},[20,15139,15140],{},[123,15141,357],{},[46,15143,15145],{"className":48,"code":15144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15146,15147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15148,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189,15191,15193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15150,9058],{"class":91},[55,15152,3077],{"class":69},[55,15154,273],{"class":73},[55,15156,3077],{"class":69},[55,15158,539],{"class":91},[55,15160,3072],{"class":69},[55,15162,12660],{"class":73},[55,15164,3077],{"class":69},[55,15166,2764],{"class":91},[55,15168,3072],{"class":69},[55,15170,9079],{"class":73},[55,15172,3077],{"class":69},[55,15174,539],{"class":91},[55,15176,7574],{"class":1210},[55,15178,2764],{"class":91},[55,15180,3072],{"class":69},[55,15182,15109],{"class":73},[55,15184,3077],{"class":69},[55,15186,539],{"class":91},[55,15188,3072],{"class":69},[55,15190,7082],{"class":73},[55,15192,3077],{"class":69},[55,15194,9089],{"class":91},[1003,15196,15198],{"id":15197},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15200,15201,15206,15211,15214],{},[33,15202,1866,15203,15205],{},[15,15204,3570],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15207,15208,15209],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15210,15057],{},[33,15212,15213],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15215,15216],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15218,214],{},[46,15220,15222],{"className":48,"code":15221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15223,15224,15233,15253,15269,15282,15286,15290],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15225,15226,15229,15231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15227,15228],{"class":61},"book ",[55,15230,66],{"class":65},[55,15232,11272],{"class":91},[55,15234,15235,15237,15240,15242,15244,15246,15249,15251],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15236,11277],{"class":69},[55,15238,15239],{"class":73},"title",[55,15241,228],{"class":69},[55,15243,539],{"class":91},[55,15245,70],{"class":69},[55,15247,15248],{"class":73},"Python Basics",[55,15250,228],{"class":69},[55,15252,11293],{"class":91},[55,15254,15255,15257,15260,15262,15264,15267],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,15256,11277],{"class":69},[55,15258,15259],{"class":73},"pages",[55,15261,228],{"class":69},[55,15263,539],{"class":91},[55,15265,15266],{"class":1210}," 150",[55,15268,11293],{"class":91},[55,15270,15271,15273,15276,15278,15280],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,15272,11277],{"class":69},[55,15274,15275],{"class":73},"available",[55,15277,228],{"class":69},[55,15279,539],{"class":91},[55,15281,6208],{"class":3631},[55,15283,15284],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,15285,9089],{"class":91},[55,15287,15288],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,15289,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,15291,15292,15294,15296,15299],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,15293,106],{"class":105},[55,15295,109],{"class":91},[55,15297,15298],{"class":95},"book",[55,15300,342],{"class":91},[20,15302,15303],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[131,15305,9183],{"id":9182},[20,15307,15308],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15310,15311],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[46,15313,15315],{"className":48,"code":15314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15316,15317,15325],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15318,15319,15321,15323],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15320,8945],{"class":61},[55,15322,66],{"class":65},[55,15324,9619],{"class":91},[55,15326,15327,15329,15331,15333],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15328,106],{"class":105},[55,15330,109],{"class":91},[55,15332,8984],{"class":95},[55,15334,342],{"class":91},[46,15336,15337],{"className":48,"code":9186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,15338,15339,15349],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15340,15341,15343,15345,15347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15342,8945],{"class":61},[55,15344,66],{"class":65},[55,15346,8950],{"class":1265},[55,15348,99],{"class":91},[55,15350,15351,15353,15355,15357],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15352,106],{"class":105},[55,15354,109],{"class":91},[55,15356,8984],{"class":95},[55,15358,342],{"class":91},[20,15360,15361],{},[123,15362,357],{},[46,15364,15365],{"className":48,"code":9215,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,15366,15367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15368,15369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15370,9215],{"class":91},[20,15372,15373],{},"Both are correct.",[1003,15375,883],{"id":882},[20,15377,15378,15380,15381,15384],{},[15,15379,3570],{}," creates an empty ",[123,15382,15383],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15386,15387,15388,92],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15389,3575],{},[46,15391,15393],{"className":48,"code":15392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15394,15395,15403,15415,15419,15433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15396,15397,15399,15401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15398,11504],{"class":61},[55,15400,66],{"class":65},[55,15402,9619],{"class":91},[55,15404,15405,15408,15410,15413],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15406,15407],{"class":61},"my_set ",[55,15409,66],{"class":65},[55,15411,15412],{"class":1265}," set",[55,15414,99],{"class":91},[55,15416,15417],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,15418,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,15420,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,15422,106],{"class":105},[55,15424,109],{"class":91},[55,15426,1266],{"class":1265},[55,15428,109],{"class":91},[55,15430,11230],{"class":95},[55,15432,1273],{"class":91},[55,15434,15435,15437,15439,15441,15443,15446],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,15436,106],{"class":105},[55,15438,109],{"class":91},[55,15440,1266],{"class":1265},[55,15442,109],{"class":91},[55,15444,15445],{"class":95},"my_set",[55,15447,1273],{"class":91},[20,15449,15450],{},[123,15451,357],{},[46,15453,15455],{"className":48,"code":15454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15456,15457,15471],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15458,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15460,3066],{"class":65},[55,15462,3069],{"class":1838},[55,15464,3072],{"class":69},[55,15466,8600],{"class":73},[55,15468,3077],{"class":69},[55,15470,3080],{"class":65},[55,15472,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15474,3066],{"class":65},[55,15476,3069],{"class":1838},[55,15478,3072],{"class":69},[55,15480,6073],{"class":73},[55,15482,3077],{"class":69},[55,15484,3080],{"class":65},[131,15486,15488,15489],{"id":15487},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15490,8899],{},[20,15492,15493,15494,15496],{},"You can also use ",[15,15495,8899],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15498,15499],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[46,15501,15503],{"className":48,"code":15502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15504,15505,15545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15506,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15534,15536,15539,15541,15543],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15508,12643],{"class":61},[55,15510,66],{"class":65},[55,15512,8950],{"class":1265},[55,15514,109],{"class":91},[55,15516,273],{"class":8955},[55,15518,66],{"class":65},[55,15520,228],{"class":69},[55,15522,12660],{"class":73},[55,15524,228],{"class":69},[55,15526,2764],{"class":91},[55,15528,8968],{"class":8955},[55,15530,66],{"class":65},[55,15532,15533],{"class":1210},"20",[55,15535,2764],{"class":91},[55,15537,15538],{"class":8955}," active",[55,15540,66],{"class":65},[55,15542,3380],{"class":3631},[55,15544,342],{"class":91},[55,15546,15547,15549,15551,15553],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15548,106],{"class":105},[55,15550,109],{"class":91},[55,15552,13405],{"class":95},[55,15554,342],{"class":91},[20,15556,15557],{},[123,15558,357],{},[46,15560,15562],{"className":48,"code":15561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15563,15564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15565,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15601,15603,15605,15607],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15567,9058],{"class":91},[55,15569,3077],{"class":69},[55,15571,273],{"class":73},[55,15573,3077],{"class":69},[55,15575,539],{"class":91},[55,15577,3072],{"class":69},[55,15579,12660],{"class":73},[55,15581,3077],{"class":69},[55,15583,2764],{"class":91},[55,15585,3072],{"class":69},[55,15587,9079],{"class":73},[55,15589,3077],{"class":69},[55,15591,539],{"class":91},[55,15593,7574],{"class":1210},[55,15595,2764],{"class":91},[55,15597,3072],{"class":69},[55,15599,15600],{"class":73},"active",[55,15602,3077],{"class":69},[55,15604,539],{"class":91},[55,15606,3696],{"class":3631},[55,15608,9089],{"class":91},[20,15610,15611],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1003,15613,15615,15616],{"id":15614},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15617,8899],{},[20,15619,15620],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15622,15623,15626],{},[33,15624,15625],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15627,15628],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15630,6474],{},[46,15632,15634],{"className":48,"code":15633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15635,15636,15666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15637,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15639,11267],{"class":61},[55,15641,66],{"class":65},[55,15643,8950],{"class":1265},[55,15645,109],{"class":91},[55,15647,273],{"class":8955},[55,15649,66],{"class":65},[55,15651,228],{"class":69},[55,15653,7460],{"class":73},[55,15655,228],{"class":69},[55,15657,2764],{"class":91},[55,15659,8968],{"class":8955},[55,15661,66],{"class":65},[55,15663,8973],{"class":1210},[55,15665,342],{"class":91},[55,15667,15668,15670,15672,15674],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15669,106],{"class":105},[55,15671,109],{"class":91},[55,15673,11361],{"class":95},[55,15675,342],{"class":91},[20,15677,4411,15678,15680],{},[123,15679,902],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[46,15682,15684],{"className":48,"code":15683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15685,15686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15687,15688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15689,15683],{"class":118},[20,15691,15692],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15694,15695],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[46,15697,15699],{"className":48,"code":15698,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15700,15701,15709,15725,15729,15733],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15702,15703,15705,15707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15704,11267],{"class":61},[55,15706,66],{"class":65},[55,15708,11272],{"class":91},[55,15710,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721,15723],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15712,11277],{"class":69},[55,15714,10277],{"class":73},[55,15716,228],{"class":69},[55,15718,539],{"class":91},[55,15720,70],{"class":69},[55,15722,7460],{"class":73},[55,15724,77],{"class":69},[55,15726,15727],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,15728,9089],{"class":91},[55,15730,15731],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,15732,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,15734,15735,15737,15739,15741],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,15736,106],{"class":105},[55,15738,109],{"class":91},[55,15740,11361],{"class":95},[55,15742,342],{"class":91},[131,15744,9225],{"id":9224},[20,15746,15747,15749],{},[15,15748,8899],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15751,15752],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[46,15754,15756],{"className":48,"code":15755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15757,15758,15815,15819,15833,15837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15759,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808,15811,15813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15761,8995],{"class":61},[55,15763,66],{"class":65},[55,15765,9000],{"class":91},[55,15767,228],{"class":69},[55,15769,273],{"class":73},[55,15771,228],{"class":69},[55,15773,2764],{"class":91},[55,15775,70],{"class":69},[55,15777,12660],{"class":73},[55,15779,228],{"class":69},[55,15781,9013],{"class":91},[55,15783,9016],{"class":91},[55,15785,228],{"class":69},[55,15787,9079],{"class":73},[55,15789,228],{"class":69},[55,15791,2764],{"class":91},[55,15793,7574],{"class":1210},[55,15795,9013],{"class":91},[55,15797,9016],{"class":91},[55,15799,228],{"class":69},[55,15801,10190],{"class":73},[55,15803,228],{"class":69},[55,15805,2764],{"class":91},[55,15807,70],{"class":69},[55,15809,15810],{"class":73},"Lima",[55,15812,228],{"class":69},[55,15814,9029],{"class":91},[55,15816,15817],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15818,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,15820,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,15822,12643],{"class":61},[55,15824,66],{"class":65},[55,15826,8950],{"class":1265},[55,15828,109],{"class":91},[55,15830,9042],{"class":95},[55,15832,342],{"class":91},[55,15834,15835],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,15836,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,15838,15839,15841,15843,15845],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,15840,106],{"class":105},[55,15842,109],{"class":91},[55,15844,13405],{"class":95},[55,15846,342],{"class":91},[20,15848,15849],{},[123,15850,357],{},[46,15852,15854],{"className":48,"code":15853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15855,15856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15857,15858,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15859,9058],{"class":91},[55,15861,3077],{"class":69},[55,15863,273],{"class":73},[55,15865,3077],{"class":69},[55,15867,539],{"class":91},[55,15869,3072],{"class":69},[55,15871,12660],{"class":73},[55,15873,3077],{"class":69},[55,15875,2764],{"class":91},[55,15877,3072],{"class":69},[55,15879,9079],{"class":73},[55,15881,3077],{"class":69},[55,15883,539],{"class":91},[55,15885,7574],{"class":1210},[55,15887,2764],{"class":91},[55,15889,3072],{"class":69},[55,15891,10190],{"class":73},[55,15893,3077],{"class":69},[55,15895,539],{"class":91},[55,15897,3072],{"class":69},[55,15899,15810],{"class":73},[55,15901,3077],{"class":69},[55,15903,9089],{"class":91},[20,15905,15906],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[46,15908,15910],{"className":48,"code":15909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15911,15912,15953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15913,15914,15916,15918,15920,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15915,12643],{"class":61},[55,15917,66],{"class":65},[55,15919,8950],{"class":1265},[55,15921,15922],{"class":91},"(((",[55,15924,228],{"class":69},[55,15926,273],{"class":73},[55,15928,228],{"class":69},[55,15930,2764],{"class":91},[55,15932,70],{"class":69},[55,15934,12660],{"class":73},[55,15936,228],{"class":69},[55,15938,9013],{"class":91},[55,15940,9016],{"class":91},[55,15942,228],{"class":69},[55,15944,9079],{"class":73},[55,15946,228],{"class":69},[55,15948,2764],{"class":91},[55,15950,7574],{"class":1210},[55,15952,2685],{"class":91},[55,15954,15955,15957,15959,15961],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,15956,106],{"class":105},[55,15958,109],{"class":91},[55,15960,13405],{"class":95},[55,15962,342],{"class":91},[20,15964,15965],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[131,15967,15969],{"id":15968},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15971,15972],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,15974,15975,15978,15981,15984],{},[33,15976,15977],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,15979,15980],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,15982,15983],{},"Values can repeat",[33,15985,15986],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1003,15988,15990],{"id":15989},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[46,15992,15994],{"className":48,"code":15993,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15995,15996,16004,16022,16039,16043,16047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15997,15998,16000,16002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15999,8945],{"class":61},[55,16001,66],{"class":65},[55,16003,11272],{"class":91},[55,16005,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16007,11277],{"class":69},[55,16009,273],{"class":73},[55,16011,228],{"class":69},[55,16013,539],{"class":91},[55,16015,70],{"class":69},[55,16017,12660],{"class":73},[55,16019,228],{"class":69},[55,16021,11293],{"class":91},[55,16023,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16037],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,16025,11277],{"class":69},[55,16027,273],{"class":73},[55,16029,228],{"class":69},[55,16031,539],{"class":91},[55,16033,70],{"class":69},[55,16035,16036],{"class":73},"Maria",[55,16038,77],{"class":69},[55,16040,16041],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,16042,9089],{"class":91},[55,16044,16045],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,16046,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,16048,16049,16051,16053,16055],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,16050,106],{"class":105},[55,16052,109],{"class":91},[55,16054,8984],{"class":95},[55,16056,342],{"class":91},[20,16058,16059],{},[123,16060,357],{},[46,16062,16064],{"className":48,"code":16063,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16065,16066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16067,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16069,9058],{"class":91},[55,16071,3077],{"class":69},[55,16073,273],{"class":73},[55,16075,3077],{"class":69},[55,16077,539],{"class":91},[55,16079,3072],{"class":69},[55,16081,16036],{"class":73},[55,16083,3077],{"class":69},[55,16085,9089],{"class":91},[20,16087,16088],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1003,16090,16092],{"id":16091},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[46,16094,16096],{"className":48,"code":16095,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16097,16098,16106,16122,16138,16152,16156,16160],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16099,16100,16102,16104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16101,4847],{"class":61},[55,16103,66],{"class":65},[55,16105,11272],{"class":91},[55,16107,16108,16111,16113,16115,16118,16120],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16109,16110],{"class":1210},"    1",[55,16112,539],{"class":91},[55,16114,70],{"class":69},[55,16116,16117],{"class":73},"low",[55,16119,228],{"class":69},[55,16121,11293],{"class":91},[55,16123,16124,16127,16129,16131,16134,16136],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,16125,16126],{"class":1210},"    2",[55,16128,539],{"class":91},[55,16130,70],{"class":69},[55,16132,16133],{"class":73},"medium",[55,16135,228],{"class":69},[55,16137,11293],{"class":91},[55,16139,16140,16143,16145,16147,16150],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,16141,16142],{"class":1210},"    3",[55,16144,539],{"class":91},[55,16146,70],{"class":69},[55,16148,16149],{"class":73},"high",[55,16151,77],{"class":69},[55,16153,16154],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,16155,9089],{"class":91},[55,16157,16158],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,16159,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,16161,16162,16164,16166,16169],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,16163,106],{"class":105},[55,16165,109],{"class":91},[55,16167,16168],{"class":95},"scores",[55,16170,342],{"class":91},[1003,16172,16174],{"id":16173},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16176,16177],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16179,16180],{},"This will cause an error:",[46,16182,16184],{"className":48,"code":16183,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16185,16186,16191,16196],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16187,16188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16189,16190],{"class":118},"# bad = {\n",[55,16192,16193],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16194,16195],{"class":118},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[55,16197,16198],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,16199,16200],{"class":118},"# }\n",[20,16202,16203],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[46,16205,16207],{"className":48,"code":16206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16208,16209,16218,16238,16242,16246],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16210,16211,16214,16216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16212,16213],{"class":61},"good ",[55,16215,66],{"class":65},[55,16217,11272],{"class":91},[55,16219,16220,16223,16225,16227,16229,16232,16234,16236],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16221,16222],{"class":91},"    (",[55,16224,2761],{"class":1210},[55,16226,2764],{"class":91},[55,16228,2767],{"class":1210},[55,16230,16231],{"class":91},"):",[55,16233,70],{"class":69},[55,16235,3427],{"class":73},[55,16237,77],{"class":69},[55,16239,16240],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,16241,9089],{"class":91},[55,16243,16244],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,16245,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,16247,16248,16250,16252,16255],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,16249,106],{"class":105},[55,16251,109],{"class":91},[55,16253,16254],{"class":95},"good",[55,16256,342],{"class":91},[131,16258,16260],{"id":16259},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16262,16263],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16265,16266],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16268,16269,16272,16274,16277],{},[33,16270,16271],{},"user data",[33,16273,13664],{},[33,16275,16276],{},"counters",[33,16278,16279],{},"lookups",[20,16281,214],{},[46,16283,16285],{"className":48,"code":16284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16286,16287,16295,16314,16333,16345,16349,16353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16288,16289,16291,16293],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16290,11267],{"class":61},[55,16292,66],{"class":65},[55,16294,11272],{"class":91},[55,16296,16297,16299,16301,16303,16305,16307,16310,16312],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16298,11277],{"class":69},[55,16300,7769],{"class":73},[55,16302,228],{"class":69},[55,16304,539],{"class":91},[55,16306,70],{"class":69},[55,16308,16309],{"class":73},"ana123",[55,16311,228],{"class":69},[55,16313,11293],{"class":91},[55,16315,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16329,16331],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,16317,11277],{"class":69},[55,16319,15039],{"class":73},[55,16321,228],{"class":69},[55,16323,539],{"class":91},[55,16325,70],{"class":69},[55,16327,16328],{"class":73},"ana@example.com",[55,16330,228],{"class":69},[55,16332,11293],{"class":91},[55,16334,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,16336,11277],{"class":69},[55,16338,12295],{"class":73},[55,16340,228],{"class":69},[55,16342,539],{"class":91},[55,16344,6208],{"class":3631},[55,16346,16347],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,16348,9089],{"class":91},[55,16350,16351],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,16352,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,16354,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367,16369],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,16356,106],{"class":105},[55,16358,109],{"class":91},[55,16360,11361],{"class":95},[55,16362,3680],{"class":91},[55,16364,228],{"class":69},[55,16366,15039],{"class":73},[55,16368,228],{"class":69},[55,16370,3668],{"class":91},[20,16372,16373,16374,92],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[166,16375,16377],{"href":16376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16379,16380],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16382,16383,16386,16389],{},[33,16384,16385],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16387,16388],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16390,16391],{},"order matters more than named fields",[131,16393,1001],{"id":1000},[20,16395,16396],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16398,16399,16402,16405,16408,16411],{},[33,16400,16401],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16403,16404],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16406,16407],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16409,16410],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16412,16413,16414,16416],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16415,3570],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1003,16418,16420],{"id":16419},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16422,1017],{},[46,16424,16426],{"className":48,"code":16425,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16427,16428],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16429,16430],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16431,16425],{"class":118},[20,16433,1055],{},[46,16435,16437],{"className":48,"code":16436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16438,16439,16463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16440,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16442,12643],{"class":61},[55,16444,66],{"class":65},[55,16446,10272],{"class":91},[55,16448,228],{"class":69},[55,16450,273],{"class":73},[55,16452,228],{"class":69},[55,16454,539],{"class":91},[55,16456,70],{"class":69},[55,16458,12660],{"class":73},[55,16460,228],{"class":69},[55,16462,9089],{"class":91},[55,16464,16465,16467,16469,16471],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16466,106],{"class":105},[55,16468,109],{"class":91},[55,16470,13405],{"class":95},[55,16472,342],{"class":91},[1003,16474,16476],{"id":16475},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16478,1017],{},[46,16480,16482],{"className":48,"code":16481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16483,16484],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16485,16486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16487,16481],{"class":118},[20,16489,16490,16491,16493,16494,16496],{},"This only works if ",[15,16492,273],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16495,15020],{},", use quotes.",[20,16498,1055],{},[46,16500,16501],{"className":48,"code":16436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,16502,16503,16527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16504,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16506,12643],{"class":61},[55,16508,66],{"class":65},[55,16510,10272],{"class":91},[55,16512,228],{"class":69},[55,16514,273],{"class":73},[55,16516,228],{"class":69},[55,16518,539],{"class":91},[55,16520,70],{"class":69},[55,16522,12660],{"class":73},[55,16524,228],{"class":69},[55,16526,9089],{"class":91},[55,16528,16529,16531,16533,16535],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16530,106],{"class":105},[55,16532,109],{"class":91},[55,16534,13405],{"class":95},[55,16536,342],{"class":91},[1003,16538,16540],{"id":16539},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[46,16542,16544],{"className":48,"code":16543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16545,16546,16578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16547,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16549,8945],{"class":61},[55,16551,66],{"class":65},[55,16553,10272],{"class":91},[55,16555,228],{"class":69},[55,16557,9079],{"class":73},[55,16559,228],{"class":69},[55,16561,539],{"class":91},[55,16563,7574],{"class":1210},[55,16565,2764],{"class":91},[55,16567,70],{"class":69},[55,16569,9079],{"class":73},[55,16571,228],{"class":69},[55,16573,539],{"class":91},[55,16575,7579],{"class":1210},[55,16577,9089],{"class":91},[55,16579,16580,16582,16584,16586],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16581,106],{"class":105},[55,16583,109],{"class":91},[55,16585,8984],{"class":95},[55,16587,342],{"class":91},[20,16589,16590],{},[123,16591,357],{},[46,16593,16595],{"className":48,"code":16594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16596,16597],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16598,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16600,9058],{"class":91},[55,16602,3077],{"class":69},[55,16604,9079],{"class":73},[55,16606,3077],{"class":69},[55,16608,539],{"class":91},[55,16610,7579],{"class":1210},[55,16612,9089],{"class":91},[131,16614,16616],{"id":16615},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16618,16619],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[46,16621,16623],{"className":48,"code":16622,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16624,16625,16661,16665,16675,16689,16704,16718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16626,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16628,11504],{"class":61},[55,16630,66],{"class":65},[55,16632,10272],{"class":91},[55,16634,228],{"class":69},[55,16636,273],{"class":73},[55,16638,228],{"class":69},[55,16640,539],{"class":91},[55,16642,70],{"class":69},[55,16644,12660],{"class":73},[55,16646,228],{"class":69},[55,16648,2764],{"class":91},[55,16650,70],{"class":69},[55,16652,9079],{"class":73},[55,16654,228],{"class":69},[55,16656,539],{"class":91},[55,16658,7574],{"class":1210},[55,16660,9089],{"class":91},[55,16662,16663],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16664,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,16666,16667,16669,16671,16673],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,16668,106],{"class":105},[55,16670,109],{"class":91},[55,16672,11230],{"class":95},[55,16674,342],{"class":91},[55,16676,16677,16679,16681,16683,16685,16687],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,16678,106],{"class":105},[55,16680,109],{"class":91},[55,16682,1266],{"class":1265},[55,16684,109],{"class":91},[55,16686,11230],{"class":95},[55,16688,1273],{"class":91},[55,16690,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16702],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,16692,106],{"class":105},[55,16694,109],{"class":91},[55,16696,11230],{"class":95},[55,16698,92],{"class":91},[55,16700,16701],{"class":95},"keys",[55,16703,1087],{"class":91},[55,16705,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,16707,106],{"class":105},[55,16709,109],{"class":91},[55,16711,11230],{"class":95},[55,16713,92],{"class":91},[55,16715,5142],{"class":95},[55,16717,1087],{"class":91},[55,16719,16720,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,16721,106],{"class":105},[55,16723,109],{"class":91},[55,16725,10942],{"class":105},[55,16727,109],{"class":91},[55,16729,11230],{"class":95},[55,16731,1273],{"class":91},[20,16733,16734],{},[123,16735,16736],{},"Example output:",[46,16738,16740],{"className":48,"code":16739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16741,16742,16774,16788,16811,16830],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16743,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16745,9058],{"class":91},[55,16747,3077],{"class":69},[55,16749,273],{"class":73},[55,16751,3077],{"class":69},[55,16753,539],{"class":91},[55,16755,3072],{"class":69},[55,16757,12660],{"class":73},[55,16759,3077],{"class":69},[55,16761,2764],{"class":91},[55,16763,3072],{"class":69},[55,16765,9079],{"class":73},[55,16767,3077],{"class":69},[55,16769,539],{"class":91},[55,16771,7574],{"class":1210},[55,16773,9089],{"class":91},[55,16775,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,16777,3066],{"class":65},[55,16779,3069],{"class":1838},[55,16781,3072],{"class":69},[55,16783,8600],{"class":73},[55,16785,3077],{"class":69},[55,16787,3080],{"class":65},[55,16789,16790,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,16791,16792],{"class":95},"dict_keys",[55,16794,2758],{"class":91},[55,16796,3077],{"class":69},[55,16798,273],{"class":73},[55,16800,3077],{"class":69},[55,16802,2764],{"class":91},[55,16804,3072],{"class":69},[55,16806,9079],{"class":73},[55,16808,3077],{"class":69},[55,16810,3668],{"class":91},[55,16812,16813,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,16814,16815],{"class":95},"dict_values",[55,16817,2758],{"class":91},[55,16819,3077],{"class":69},[55,16821,12660],{"class":73},[55,16823,3077],{"class":69},[55,16825,2764],{"class":91},[55,16827,7574],{"class":1210},[55,16829,3668],{"class":91},[55,16831,16832],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,16833,16834],{"class":1210},"2\n",[20,16836,16837,16838,1963,16844,16850,16851,92],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[166,16839,10518,16841],{"href":16840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16842,16843],{},"keys()",[166,16845,10518,16847],{"href":16846},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16848,16849],{},"values()",", and ",[166,16852,10518,16854],{"href":16853},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16855,16856],{},"items()",[131,16858,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,16860,16862],{"id":16861},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16864,1866,16865,2651,16867,16869],{},[15,16866,3570],{},[15,16868,8899],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1003,16871,16873],{"id":16872},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16875,16876,16877,92],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16878,16879],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1003,16881,16883],{"id":16882},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16885,16886],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1003,16888,16890],{"id":16889},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16892,16893],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1003,16895,1626,16897,1377,16899,1631],{"id":16896},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16898,3570],{},[15,16900,8899],{},[20,16902,16903,16905,16906,16908],{},[15,16904,3570],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16907,8899],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[131,16910,1643],{"id":1642},[30,16912,16913,16917,16923,16927,16933],{},[33,16914,16915],{},[166,16916,8935],{"href":8934},[33,16918,16919],{},[166,16920,10518,16921,1573],{"href":10517},[15,16922,10521],{},[33,16924,16925],{},[166,16926,11032],{"href":10512},[33,16928,16929],{},[166,16930,16932],{"href":16931},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,16934,16935],{},[166,16936,11043],{"href":10855},[20,16938,16939],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1696,16941,16942],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":16944},[16945,16946,16947,16948,16951,16954,16959,16960,16965,16966,16971,16972,16980],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":14942,"depth":80,"text":14943},{"id":14960,"depth":80,"text":14948},{"id":15045,"depth":80,"text":15046,"children":16949},[16950],{"id":15197,"depth":102,"text":15198},{"id":9182,"depth":80,"text":9183,"children":16952},[16953],{"id":882,"depth":102,"text":883},{"id":15487,"depth":80,"text":16955,"children":16956},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16957],{"id":15614,"depth":102,"text":16958},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9224,"depth":80,"text":9225},{"id":15968,"depth":80,"text":15969,"children":16961},[16962,16963,16964],{"id":15989,"depth":102,"text":15990},{"id":16091,"depth":102,"text":16092},{"id":16173,"depth":102,"text":16174},{"id":16259,"depth":80,"text":16260},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":16967},[16968,16969,16970],{"id":16419,"depth":102,"text":16420},{"id":16475,"depth":102,"text":16476},{"id":16539,"depth":102,"text":16540},{"id":16615,"depth":80,"text":16616},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":16973},[16974,16975,16976,16977,16978],{"id":16861,"depth":102,"text":16862},{"id":16872,"depth":102,"text":16873},{"id":16882,"depth":102,"text":16883},{"id":16889,"depth":102,"text":16890},{"id":16896,"depth":102,"text":16979},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14785,"description":16981},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16987,"title":16988,"body":16989,"description":19438,"extension":1733,"meta":19439,"navigation":248,"path":19440,"seo":19441,"stem":19442,"__hash__":19443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16990,"toc":19394},[16991,16997,17003,17006,17009,17011,17093,17099,17104,17108,17126,17138,17143,17147,17170,17174,17186,17194,17196,17202,17204,17207,17282,17284,17329,17331,17348,17353,17359,17364,17438,17440,17485,17488,17499,17501,17620,17622,17675,17682,17686,17689,17706,17712,17716,17814,17816,17868,17875,17879,17885,17888,17891,17918,17923,17927,17930,18034,18036,18081,18084,18087,18092,18097,18108,18110,18171,18231,18237,18245,18251,18256,18261,18321,18325,18392,18395,18399,18470,18473,18486,18493,18495,18499,18503,18574,18576,18613,18616,18619,18682,18689,18692,18734,18744,18747,18816,18822,18827,18911,18913,18962,18969,18975,19020,19022,19055,19060,19064,19070,19109,19153,19221,19264,19266,19272,19275,19279,19284,19288,19291,19295,19297,19358,19360,19386,19391],[10,16992,11099,16994,18],{"id":16993},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16995,16996],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16998,16999,17002],{},[15,17000,17001],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17004,17005],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17007,17008],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[131,17010,1775],{"id":1774},[46,17012,17014],{"className":48,"code":17013,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17015,17016,17049,17077,17088],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17017,17018,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17019,17020],{"class":61},"keys ",[55,17022,66],{"class":65},[55,17024,3400],{"class":91},[55,17026,228],{"class":69},[55,17028,273],{"class":73},[55,17030,228],{"class":69},[55,17032,2764],{"class":91},[55,17034,70],{"class":69},[55,17036,9079],{"class":73},[55,17038,228],{"class":69},[55,17040,2764],{"class":91},[55,17042,70],{"class":69},[55,17044,10190],{"class":73},[55,17046,228],{"class":69},[55,17048,3413],{"class":91},[55,17050,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17073,17075],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,17052,12983],{"class":61},[55,17054,66],{"class":65},[55,17056,8950],{"class":1265},[55,17058,92],{"class":91},[55,17060,17061],{"class":95},"fromkeys",[55,17063,109],{"class":91},[55,17065,16701],{"class":95},[55,17067,2764],{"class":91},[55,17069,70],{"class":69},[55,17071,17072],{"class":73},"unknown",[55,17074,228],{"class":69},[55,17076,342],{"class":91},[55,17078,17079,17081,17083,17086],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,17080,106],{"class":105},[55,17082,109],{"class":91},[55,17084,17085],{"class":95},"person",[55,17087,342],{"class":91},[55,17089,17090],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,17091,17092],{"class":118},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17094,1866,17095,17098],{},[15,17096,17097],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[131,17100,134,17102,137],{"id":17101},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17103,17001],{},[20,17105,17106,539],{},[15,17107,17001],{},[30,17109,17110,17113,17116,17119],{},[33,17111,17112],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,17114,17115],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,17117,17118],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,17120,17121,17122,17125],{},"Is called as ",[15,17123,17124],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17127,17128,17129,17131,17132,17134,17135,92],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17130,8600],{},", so you write ",[15,17133,17124],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17136,17137],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17139,17140,17141,92],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[166,17142,8935],{"href":12803},[131,17144,17146],{"id":17145},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[46,17148,17150],{"className":48,"code":17149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17151,17152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17153,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17164,17166,17168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17155,8600],{"class":1265},[55,17157,92],{"class":91},[55,17159,17061],{"class":95},[55,17161,109],{"class":91},[55,17163,3498],{"class":95},[55,17165,2764],{"class":91},[55,17167,8215],{"class":95},[55,17169,342],{"class":91},[1003,17171,17173],{"id":17172},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17175,17176,17181],{},[33,17177,17178,17180],{},[15,17179,3498],{},": the keys to use",[33,17182,17183,17185],{},[15,17184,2245],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17187,17188,17189,17191,17192,92],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17190,2245],{},", each key gets ",[15,17193,3556],{},[1003,17195,446],{"id":445},[20,17197,17198,17199,92],{},"It returns a ",[123,17200,17201],{},"new dictionary",[131,17203,5572],{"id":5571},[20,17205,17206],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[46,17208,17210],{"className":48,"code":17209,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17211,17212,17245,17267,17271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17213,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17215,17020],{"class":61},[55,17217,66],{"class":65},[55,17219,3400],{"class":91},[55,17221,228],{"class":69},[55,17223,12872],{"class":73},[55,17225,228],{"class":69},[55,17227,2764],{"class":91},[55,17229,70],{"class":69},[55,17231,17232],{"class":73},"green",[55,17234,228],{"class":69},[55,17236,2764],{"class":91},[55,17238,70],{"class":69},[55,17240,705],{"class":73},[55,17242,228],{"class":69},[55,17244,3413],{"class":91},[55,17246,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,17248,12855],{"class":61},[55,17250,66],{"class":65},[55,17252,8950],{"class":1265},[55,17254,92],{"class":91},[55,17256,17061],{"class":95},[55,17258,109],{"class":91},[55,17260,16701],{"class":95},[55,17262,2764],{"class":91},[55,17264,3612],{"class":1210},[55,17266,342],{"class":91},[55,17268,17269],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,17270,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,17272,17273,17275,17277,17280],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,17274,106],{"class":105},[55,17276,109],{"class":91},[55,17278,17279],{"class":95},"colors",[55,17281,342],{"class":91},[20,17283,357],{},[46,17285,17287],{"className":48,"code":17286,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17288,17289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17290,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17292,9058],{"class":91},[55,17294,3077],{"class":69},[55,17296,12872],{"class":73},[55,17298,3077],{"class":69},[55,17300,539],{"class":91},[55,17302,3612],{"class":1210},[55,17304,2764],{"class":91},[55,17306,3072],{"class":69},[55,17308,17232],{"class":73},[55,17310,3077],{"class":69},[55,17312,539],{"class":91},[55,17314,3612],{"class":1210},[55,17316,2764],{"class":91},[55,17318,3072],{"class":69},[55,17320,705],{"class":73},[55,17322,3077],{"class":69},[55,17324,539],{"class":91},[55,17326,3612],{"class":1210},[55,17328,9089],{"class":91},[20,17330,11463],{},[30,17332,17333,17338,17343],{},[33,17334,17335,17337],{},[15,17336,16701],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17339,17340,17342],{},[15,17341,1894],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17344,17345,17347],{},[15,17346,17001],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17349,17350,17351,92],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[166,17352,9172],{"href":12806},[131,17354,1185,17356,17358],{"id":17355},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17357,16996],{}," without a value",[20,17360,17361,17362,92],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17363,3556],{},[46,17365,17367],{"className":48,"code":17366,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17368,17369,17403,17423,17427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17370,17371,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17399,17401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17372,17373],{"class":61},"fields ",[55,17375,66],{"class":65},[55,17377,3400],{"class":91},[55,17379,228],{"class":69},[55,17381,7769],{"class":73},[55,17383,228],{"class":69},[55,17385,2764],{"class":91},[55,17387,70],{"class":69},[55,17389,15039],{"class":73},[55,17391,228],{"class":69},[55,17393,2764],{"class":91},[55,17395,70],{"class":69},[55,17397,17398],{"class":73},"password",[55,17400,228],{"class":69},[55,17402,3413],{"class":91},[55,17404,17405,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17421],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,17406,17407],{"class":61},"user_data ",[55,17409,66],{"class":65},[55,17411,8950],{"class":1265},[55,17413,92],{"class":91},[55,17415,17061],{"class":95},[55,17417,109],{"class":91},[55,17419,17420],{"class":95},"fields",[55,17422,342],{"class":91},[55,17424,17425],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,17426,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,17428,17429,17431,17433,17436],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,17430,106],{"class":105},[55,17432,109],{"class":91},[55,17434,17435],{"class":95},"user_data",[55,17437,342],{"class":91},[20,17439,357],{},[46,17441,17443],{"className":48,"code":17442,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17444,17445],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17446,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17448,9058],{"class":91},[55,17450,3077],{"class":69},[55,17452,7769],{"class":73},[55,17454,3077],{"class":69},[55,17456,539],{"class":91},[55,17458,3632],{"class":3631},[55,17460,2764],{"class":91},[55,17462,3072],{"class":69},[55,17464,15039],{"class":73},[55,17466,3077],{"class":69},[55,17468,539],{"class":91},[55,17470,3632],{"class":3631},[55,17472,2764],{"class":91},[55,17474,3072],{"class":69},[55,17476,17398],{"class":73},[55,17478,3077],{"class":69},[55,17480,539],{"class":91},[55,17482,3632],{"class":3631},[55,17484,9089],{"class":91},[20,17486,17487],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17489,17490,17493,17496],{},[33,17491,17492],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17494,17495],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17497,17498],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17500,214],{},[46,17502,17504],{"className":48,"code":17503,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17505,17506,17538,17556,17560,17583,17606,17610],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17507,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17509,17373],{"class":61},[55,17511,66],{"class":65},[55,17513,3400],{"class":91},[55,17515,228],{"class":69},[55,17517,7769],{"class":73},[55,17519,228],{"class":69},[55,17521,2764],{"class":91},[55,17523,70],{"class":69},[55,17525,15039],{"class":73},[55,17527,228],{"class":69},[55,17529,2764],{"class":91},[55,17531,70],{"class":69},[55,17533,17398],{"class":73},[55,17535,228],{"class":69},[55,17537,3413],{"class":91},[55,17539,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,17541,17407],{"class":61},[55,17543,66],{"class":65},[55,17545,8950],{"class":1265},[55,17547,92],{"class":91},[55,17549,17061],{"class":95},[55,17551,109],{"class":91},[55,17553,17420],{"class":95},[55,17555,342],{"class":91},[55,17557,17558],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,17559,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,17561,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17581],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,17563,17435],{"class":61},[55,17565,3680],{"class":91},[55,17567,228],{"class":69},[55,17569,7769],{"class":73},[55,17571,228],{"class":69},[55,17573,13052],{"class":91},[55,17575,13055],{"class":65},[55,17577,70],{"class":69},[55,17579,17580],{"class":73},"alice",[55,17582,77],{"class":69},[55,17584,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17604],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,17586,17435],{"class":61},[55,17588,3680],{"class":91},[55,17590,228],{"class":69},[55,17592,15039],{"class":73},[55,17594,228],{"class":69},[55,17596,13052],{"class":91},[55,17598,13055],{"class":65},[55,17600,70],{"class":69},[55,17602,17603],{"class":73},"alice@example.com",[55,17605,77],{"class":69},[55,17607,17608],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,17609,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,17611,17612,17614,17616,17618],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,17613,106],{"class":105},[55,17615,109],{"class":91},[55,17617,17435],{"class":95},[55,17619,342],{"class":91},[20,17621,357],{},[46,17623,17625],{"className":48,"code":17624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17626,17627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17628,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17630,9058],{"class":91},[55,17632,3077],{"class":69},[55,17634,7769],{"class":73},[55,17636,3077],{"class":69},[55,17638,539],{"class":91},[55,17640,3072],{"class":69},[55,17642,17580],{"class":73},[55,17644,3077],{"class":69},[55,17646,2764],{"class":91},[55,17648,3072],{"class":69},[55,17650,15039],{"class":73},[55,17652,3077],{"class":69},[55,17654,539],{"class":91},[55,17656,3072],{"class":69},[55,17658,17603],{"class":73},[55,17660,3077],{"class":69},[55,17662,2764],{"class":91},[55,17664,3072],{"class":69},[55,17666,17398],{"class":73},[55,17668,3077],{"class":69},[55,17670,539],{"class":91},[55,17672,3632],{"class":3631},[55,17674,9089],{"class":91},[20,17676,17677,17678,92],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[166,17679,17681],{"href":17680},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[131,17683,17685],{"id":17684},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17687,17688],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,17690,17691,17696,17701],{},[33,17692,17693,17695],{},[15,17694,3565],{}," (list)",[33,17697,17698,17700],{},[15,17699,3570],{}," (dictionary)",[33,17702,17703,17705],{},[15,17704,3575],{}," (set)",[20,17707,17708,17709,92],{},"All keys will point to the ",[123,17710,17711],{},"same object",[1003,17713,17715],{"id":17714},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[46,17717,17719],{"className":48,"code":17718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17720,17721,17753,17774,17778,17800,17804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17722,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17724,17020],{"class":61},[55,17726,66],{"class":65},[55,17728,3400],{"class":91},[55,17730,228],{"class":69},[55,17732,166],{"class":73},[55,17734,228],{"class":69},[55,17736,2764],{"class":91},[55,17738,70],{"class":69},[55,17740,4543],{"class":73},[55,17742,228],{"class":69},[55,17744,2764],{"class":91},[55,17746,70],{"class":69},[55,17748,9520],{"class":73},[55,17750,228],{"class":69},[55,17752,3413],{"class":91},[55,17754,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,17756,8945],{"class":61},[55,17758,66],{"class":65},[55,17760,8950],{"class":1265},[55,17762,92],{"class":91},[55,17764,17061],{"class":95},[55,17766,109],{"class":91},[55,17768,16701],{"class":95},[55,17770,2764],{"class":91},[55,17772,17773],{"class":91}," [])\n",[55,17775,17776],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,17777,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,17779,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,17781,8984],{"class":61},[55,17783,3680],{"class":91},[55,17785,228],{"class":69},[55,17787,166],{"class":73},[55,17789,228],{"class":69},[55,17791,13329],{"class":91},[55,17793,13332],{"class":95},[55,17795,109],{"class":91},[55,17797,2761],{"class":1210},[55,17799,342],{"class":91},[55,17801,17802],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,17803,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,17805,17806,17808,17810,17812],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,17807,106],{"class":105},[55,17809,109],{"class":91},[55,17811,8984],{"class":95},[55,17813,342],{"class":91},[20,17815,357],{},[46,17817,17819],{"className":48,"code":17818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17820,17821],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17822,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17824,9058],{"class":91},[55,17826,3077],{"class":69},[55,17828,166],{"class":73},[55,17830,3077],{"class":69},[55,17832,539],{"class":91},[55,17834,3400],{"class":91},[55,17836,2761],{"class":1210},[55,17838,17839],{"class":91},"],",[55,17841,3072],{"class":69},[55,17843,4543],{"class":73},[55,17845,3077],{"class":69},[55,17847,539],{"class":91},[55,17849,3400],{"class":91},[55,17851,2761],{"class":1210},[55,17853,17839],{"class":91},[55,17855,3072],{"class":69},[55,17857,9520],{"class":73},[55,17859,3077],{"class":69},[55,17861,539],{"class":91},[55,17863,3400],{"class":91},[55,17865,2761],{"class":1210},[55,17867,13485],{"class":91},[20,17869,17870,17871,17874],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17872,17873],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1003,17876,17878],{"id":17877},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17880,17881,17884],{},[15,17882,17883],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17886,17887],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17889,17890],{},"So this:",[46,17892,17894],{"className":48,"code":17893,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17895,17896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17897,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17899,8984],{"class":61},[55,17901,3680],{"class":91},[55,17903,228],{"class":69},[55,17905,166],{"class":73},[55,17907,228],{"class":69},[55,17909,13329],{"class":91},[55,17911,13332],{"class":95},[55,17913,109],{"class":91},[55,17915,2761],{"class":1210},[55,17917,342],{"class":91},[20,17919,17920,17921,92],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17922,17873],{},[1003,17924,17926],{"id":17925},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17928,17929],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[46,17931,17933],{"className":48,"code":17932,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17934,17935,17967,17994,17998,18020,18024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17936,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17938,17020],{"class":61},[55,17940,66],{"class":65},[55,17942,3400],{"class":91},[55,17944,228],{"class":69},[55,17946,166],{"class":73},[55,17948,228],{"class":69},[55,17950,2764],{"class":91},[55,17952,70],{"class":69},[55,17954,4543],{"class":73},[55,17956,228],{"class":69},[55,17958,2764],{"class":91},[55,17960,70],{"class":69},[55,17962,9520],{"class":73},[55,17964,228],{"class":69},[55,17966,3413],{"class":91},[55,17968,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17982,17984,17987,17989,17992],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,17970,8945],{"class":61},[55,17972,66],{"class":65},[55,17974,10272],{"class":91},[55,17976,14621],{"class":61},[55,17978,539],{"class":91},[55,17980,17981],{"class":91}," []",[55,17983,3656],{"class":487},[55,17985,17986],{"class":61}," key ",[55,17988,3662],{"class":487},[55,17990,17991],{"class":61}," keys",[55,17993,9089],{"class":91},[55,17995,17996],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,17997,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,17999,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,18001,8984],{"class":61},[55,18003,3680],{"class":91},[55,18005,228],{"class":69},[55,18007,166],{"class":73},[55,18009,228],{"class":69},[55,18011,13329],{"class":91},[55,18013,13332],{"class":95},[55,18015,109],{"class":91},[55,18017,2761],{"class":1210},[55,18019,342],{"class":91},[55,18021,18022],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,18023,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,18025,18026,18028,18030,18032],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,18027,106],{"class":105},[55,18029,109],{"class":91},[55,18031,8984],{"class":95},[55,18033,342],{"class":91},[20,18035,357],{},[46,18037,18039],{"className":48,"code":18038,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18040,18041],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18042,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18044,9058],{"class":91},[55,18046,3077],{"class":69},[55,18048,166],{"class":73},[55,18050,3077],{"class":69},[55,18052,539],{"class":91},[55,18054,3400],{"class":91},[55,18056,2761],{"class":1210},[55,18058,17839],{"class":91},[55,18060,3072],{"class":69},[55,18062,4543],{"class":73},[55,18064,3077],{"class":69},[55,18066,539],{"class":91},[55,18068,18069],{"class":91}," [],",[55,18071,3072],{"class":69},[55,18073,9520],{"class":73},[55,18075,3077],{"class":69},[55,18077,539],{"class":91},[55,18079,18080],{"class":91}," []}\n",[20,18082,18083],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18085,18086],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[131,18088,4744,18090],{"id":18089},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18091,16996],{},[20,18093,18094,18096],{},[15,18095,17001],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,18098,18099,18102,18105],{},[33,18100,18101],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,18103,18104],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,18106,18107],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18109,1900],{},[46,18111,18113],{"className":48,"code":18112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18114,18115,18160],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18116,18117,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18152,18154,18156,18158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18118,18119],{"class":61},"flags ",[55,18121,66],{"class":65},[55,18123,8950],{"class":1265},[55,18125,92],{"class":91},[55,18127,17061],{"class":95},[55,18129,2758],{"class":91},[55,18131,228],{"class":69},[55,18133,18134],{"class":73},"is_admin",[55,18136,228],{"class":69},[55,18138,2764],{"class":91},[55,18140,70],{"class":69},[55,18142,14859],{"class":73},[55,18144,228],{"class":69},[55,18146,2764],{"class":91},[55,18148,70],{"class":69},[55,18150,18151],{"class":73},"is_verified",[55,18153,228],{"class":69},[55,18155,17839],{"class":91},[55,18157,3687],{"class":3631},[55,18159,342],{"class":91},[55,18161,18162,18164,18166,18169],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18163,106],{"class":105},[55,18165,109],{"class":91},[55,18167,18168],{"class":95},"flags",[55,18170,342],{"class":91},[46,18172,18174],{"className":48,"code":18173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18175,18176,18221],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18177,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18195,18197,18199,18201,18204,18206,18208,18210,18213,18215,18217,18219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18179,4847],{"class":61},[55,18181,66],{"class":65},[55,18183,8950],{"class":1265},[55,18185,92],{"class":91},[55,18187,17061],{"class":95},[55,18189,2758],{"class":91},[55,18191,228],{"class":69},[55,18193,18194],{"class":73},"math",[55,18196,228],{"class":69},[55,18198,2764],{"class":91},[55,18200,70],{"class":69},[55,18202,18203],{"class":73},"science",[55,18205,228],{"class":69},[55,18207,2764],{"class":91},[55,18209,70],{"class":69},[55,18211,18212],{"class":73},"history",[55,18214,228],{"class":69},[55,18216,17839],{"class":91},[55,18218,3612],{"class":1210},[55,18220,342],{"class":91},[55,18222,18223,18225,18227,18229],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18224,106],{"class":105},[55,18226,109],{"class":91},[55,18228,16168],{"class":95},[55,18230,342],{"class":91},[20,18232,18233,18234,18236],{},"It is ",[123,18235,902],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18238,18239,18242],{},[33,18240,18241],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18243,18244],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[131,18246,18248,18250],{"id":18247},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18249,16996],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18252,18253,18255],{},[15,18254,16996],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1003,18257,1185,18259],{"id":18258},"using-fromkeys",[15,18260,16996],{},[46,18262,18264],{"className":48,"code":18263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18265,18266,18311],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18267,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18285,18287,18289,18291,18294,18296,18298,18300,18303,18305,18307,18309],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18269,13605],{"class":61},[55,18271,66],{"class":65},[55,18273,8950],{"class":1265},[55,18275,92],{"class":91},[55,18277,17061],{"class":95},[55,18279,2758],{"class":91},[55,18281,228],{"class":69},[55,18283,18284],{"class":73},"sound",[55,18286,228],{"class":69},[55,18288,2764],{"class":91},[55,18290,70],{"class":69},[55,18292,18293],{"class":73},"music",[55,18295,228],{"class":69},[55,18297,2764],{"class":91},[55,18299,70],{"class":69},[55,18301,18302],{"class":73},"notifications",[55,18304,228],{"class":69},[55,18306,17839],{"class":91},[55,18308,3696],{"class":3631},[55,18310,342],{"class":91},[55,18312,18313,18315,18317,18319],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18314,106],{"class":105},[55,18316,109],{"class":91},[55,18318,13664],{"class":95},[55,18320,342],{"class":91},[1003,18322,18324],{"id":18323},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[46,18326,18328],{"className":48,"code":18327,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18329,18330,18338,18352,18366,18378,18382],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18331,18332,18334,18336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18333,13605],{"class":61},[55,18335,66],{"class":65},[55,18337,11272],{"class":91},[55,18339,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18341,11277],{"class":69},[55,18343,18284],{"class":73},[55,18345,228],{"class":69},[55,18347,539],{"class":91},[55,18349,3696],{"class":3631},[55,18351,11293],{"class":91},[55,18353,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,18355,11277],{"class":69},[55,18357,18293],{"class":73},[55,18359,228],{"class":69},[55,18361,539],{"class":91},[55,18363,3687],{"class":3631},[55,18365,11293],{"class":91},[55,18367,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,18369,11277],{"class":69},[55,18371,18302],{"class":73},[55,18373,228],{"class":69},[55,18375,539],{"class":91},[55,18377,6208],{"class":3631},[55,18379,18380],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,18381,9089],{"class":91},[55,18383,18384,18386,18388,18390],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,18385,106],{"class":105},[55,18387,109],{"class":91},[55,18389,13664],{"class":95},[55,18391,342],{"class":91},[20,18393,18394],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1003,18396,18398],{"id":18397},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[46,18400,18402],{"className":48,"code":18401,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18403,18404,18436,18460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18405,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18407,17020],{"class":61},[55,18409,66],{"class":65},[55,18411,3400],{"class":91},[55,18413,228],{"class":69},[55,18415,166],{"class":73},[55,18417,228],{"class":69},[55,18419,2764],{"class":91},[55,18421,70],{"class":69},[55,18423,4543],{"class":73},[55,18425,228],{"class":69},[55,18427,2764],{"class":91},[55,18429,70],{"class":69},[55,18431,9520],{"class":73},[55,18433,228],{"class":69},[55,18435,3413],{"class":91},[55,18437,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18439,8945],{"class":61},[55,18441,66],{"class":65},[55,18443,10272],{"class":91},[55,18445,14621],{"class":61},[55,18447,539],{"class":91},[55,18449,17981],{"class":91},[55,18451,3656],{"class":487},[55,18453,17986],{"class":61},[55,18455,3662],{"class":487},[55,18457,17991],{"class":61},[55,18459,9089],{"class":91},[55,18461,18462,18464,18466,18468],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,18463,106],{"class":105},[55,18465,109],{"class":91},[55,18467,8984],{"class":95},[55,18469,342],{"class":91},[20,18471,18472],{},"Use:",[30,18474,18475,18480,18483],{},[33,18476,18477,18479],{},[15,18478,16996],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18481,18482],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18484,18485],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18487,18488,18489,92],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[166,18490,10518,18491,1573],{"href":13812},[15,18492,14734],{},[131,18494,1001],{"id":1000},[20,18496,14513,18497,92],{},[15,18498,17001],{},[1003,18500,18502],{"id":18501},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[46,18504,18506],{"className":48,"code":18505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18507,18508,18541,18564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18509,18510,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18511,18512],{"class":61},"d ",[55,18514,66],{"class":65},[55,18516,8950],{"class":1265},[55,18518,92],{"class":91},[55,18520,17061],{"class":95},[55,18522,2758],{"class":91},[55,18524,228],{"class":69},[55,18526,166],{"class":73},[55,18528,228],{"class":69},[55,18530,2764],{"class":91},[55,18532,70],{"class":69},[55,18534,4543],{"class":73},[55,18536,228],{"class":69},[55,18538,17839],{"class":91},[55,18540,17773],{"class":91},[55,18542,18543,18546,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18544,18545],{"class":61},"d",[55,18547,3680],{"class":91},[55,18549,228],{"class":69},[55,18551,166],{"class":73},[55,18553,228],{"class":69},[55,18555,13329],{"class":91},[55,18557,13332],{"class":95},[55,18559,109],{"class":91},[55,18561,2761],{"class":1210},[55,18563,342],{"class":91},[55,18565,18566,18568,18570,18572],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,18567,106],{"class":105},[55,18569,109],{"class":91},[55,18571,18545],{"class":95},[55,18573,342],{"class":91},[20,18575,357],{},[46,18577,18579],{"className":48,"code":18578,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18580,18581],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18582,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18584,9058],{"class":91},[55,18586,3077],{"class":69},[55,18588,166],{"class":73},[55,18590,3077],{"class":69},[55,18592,539],{"class":91},[55,18594,3400],{"class":91},[55,18596,2761],{"class":1210},[55,18598,17839],{"class":91},[55,18600,3072],{"class":69},[55,18602,4543],{"class":73},[55,18604,3077],{"class":69},[55,18606,539],{"class":91},[55,18608,3400],{"class":91},[55,18610,2761],{"class":1210},[55,18612,13485],{"class":91},[20,18614,18615],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18617,18618],{},"Use this instead:",[46,18620,18622],{"className":48,"code":18621,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18623,18624,18648,18672],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18625,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18627,17020],{"class":61},[55,18629,66],{"class":65},[55,18631,3400],{"class":91},[55,18633,228],{"class":69},[55,18635,166],{"class":73},[55,18637,228],{"class":69},[55,18639,2764],{"class":91},[55,18641,70],{"class":69},[55,18643,4543],{"class":73},[55,18645,228],{"class":69},[55,18647,3413],{"class":91},[55,18649,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18651,18512],{"class":61},[55,18653,66],{"class":65},[55,18655,10272],{"class":91},[55,18657,14621],{"class":61},[55,18659,539],{"class":91},[55,18661,17981],{"class":91},[55,18663,3656],{"class":487},[55,18665,17986],{"class":61},[55,18667,3662],{"class":487},[55,18669,17991],{"class":61},[55,18671,9089],{"class":91},[55,18673,18674,18676,18678,18680],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,18675,106],{"class":105},[55,18677,109],{"class":91},[55,18679,18545],{"class":95},[55,18681,342],{"class":91},[1003,18683,18685,18686,18688],{"id":18684},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18687,16996],{}," on a list",[20,18690,18691],{},"Wrong idea:",[46,18693,18695],{"className":48,"code":18694,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18696,18697,18729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18698,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18700,17020],{"class":61},[55,18702,66],{"class":65},[55,18704,3400],{"class":91},[55,18706,228],{"class":69},[55,18708,166],{"class":73},[55,18710,228],{"class":69},[55,18712,2764],{"class":91},[55,18714,70],{"class":69},[55,18716,4543],{"class":73},[55,18718,228],{"class":69},[55,18720,2764],{"class":91},[55,18722,70],{"class":69},[55,18724,9520],{"class":73},[55,18726,228],{"class":69},[55,18728,3413],{"class":91},[55,18730,18731],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18732,18733],{"class":118},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18735,18736,18738,18739,18741,18742,92],{},[15,18737,16996],{}," belongs to ",[15,18740,8600],{},", not ",[15,18743,7877],{},[20,18745,18746],{},"Correct usage:",[46,18748,18750],{"className":48,"code":18749,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18751,18752,18784,18806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18753,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18755,17020],{"class":61},[55,18757,66],{"class":65},[55,18759,3400],{"class":91},[55,18761,228],{"class":69},[55,18763,166],{"class":73},[55,18765,228],{"class":69},[55,18767,2764],{"class":91},[55,18769,70],{"class":69},[55,18771,4543],{"class":73},[55,18773,228],{"class":69},[55,18775,2764],{"class":91},[55,18777,70],{"class":69},[55,18779,9520],{"class":73},[55,18781,228],{"class":69},[55,18783,3413],{"class":91},[55,18785,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18787,18512],{"class":61},[55,18789,66],{"class":65},[55,18791,8950],{"class":1265},[55,18793,92],{"class":91},[55,18795,17061],{"class":95},[55,18797,109],{"class":91},[55,18799,16701],{"class":95},[55,18801,2764],{"class":91},[55,18803,3612],{"class":1210},[55,18805,342],{"class":91},[55,18807,18808,18810,18812,18814],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,18809,106],{"class":105},[55,18811,109],{"class":91},[55,18813,18545],{"class":95},[55,18815,342],{"class":91},[1003,18817,8235,18819,18821],{"id":18818},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18820,16996],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18823,18824,18826],{},[15,18825,17001],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[46,18828,18830],{"className":48,"code":18829,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18831,18832,18852,18886,18890,18900],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18833,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18835,11866],{"class":61},[55,18837,66],{"class":65},[55,18839,10272],{"class":91},[55,18841,228],{"class":69},[55,18843,1947],{"class":73},[55,18845,228],{"class":69},[55,18847,539],{"class":91},[55,18849,5282],{"class":1210},[55,18851,9089],{"class":91},[55,18853,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18855,12818],{"class":61},[55,18857,66],{"class":65},[55,18859,8950],{"class":1265},[55,18861,92],{"class":91},[55,18863,17061],{"class":95},[55,18865,2758],{"class":91},[55,18867,228],{"class":69},[55,18869,166],{"class":73},[55,18871,228],{"class":69},[55,18873,2764],{"class":91},[55,18875,70],{"class":69},[55,18877,4543],{"class":73},[55,18879,228],{"class":69},[55,18881,17839],{"class":91},[55,18883,3612],{"class":1210},[55,18885,342],{"class":91},[55,18887,18888],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,18889,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,18891,18892,18894,18896,18898],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,18893,106],{"class":105},[55,18895,109],{"class":91},[55,18897,11913],{"class":95},[55,18899,342],{"class":91},[55,18901,18902,18904,18906,18909],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,18903,106],{"class":105},[55,18905,109],{"class":91},[55,18907,18908],{"class":95},"new_dict",[55,18910,342],{"class":91},[20,18912,357],{},[46,18914,18916],{"className":48,"code":18915,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18917,18918,18934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18919,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18921,9058],{"class":91},[55,18923,3077],{"class":69},[55,18925,1947],{"class":73},[55,18927,3077],{"class":69},[55,18929,539],{"class":91},[55,18931,5282],{"class":1210},[55,18933,9089],{"class":91},[55,18935,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,18937,9058],{"class":91},[55,18939,3077],{"class":69},[55,18941,166],{"class":73},[55,18943,3077],{"class":69},[55,18945,539],{"class":91},[55,18947,3612],{"class":1210},[55,18949,2764],{"class":91},[55,18951,3072],{"class":69},[55,18953,4543],{"class":73},[55,18955,3077],{"class":69},[55,18957,539],{"class":91},[55,18959,3612],{"class":1210},[55,18961,9089],{"class":91},[20,18963,18964,18965,92],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[166,18966,10518,18967,1573],{"href":13812},[15,18968,14734],{},[1003,18970,18972,18973],{"id":18971},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18974,3556],{},[46,18976,18978],{"className":48,"code":18977,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18979,18980,19010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18981,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18983,18512],{"class":61},[55,18985,66],{"class":65},[55,18987,8950],{"class":1265},[55,18989,92],{"class":91},[55,18991,17061],{"class":95},[55,18993,2758],{"class":91},[55,18995,228],{"class":69},[55,18997,1947],{"class":73},[55,18999,228],{"class":69},[55,19001,2764],{"class":91},[55,19003,70],{"class":69},[55,19005,11525],{"class":73},[55,19007,228],{"class":69},[55,19009,3668],{"class":91},[55,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19013,106],{"class":105},[55,19015,109],{"class":91},[55,19017,18545],{"class":95},[55,19019,342],{"class":91},[20,19021,357],{},[46,19023,19025],{"className":48,"code":19024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19026,19027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19028,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19030,9058],{"class":91},[55,19032,3077],{"class":69},[55,19034,1947],{"class":73},[55,19036,3077],{"class":69},[55,19038,539],{"class":91},[55,19040,3632],{"class":3631},[55,19042,2764],{"class":91},[55,19044,3072],{"class":69},[55,19046,11525],{"class":73},[55,19048,3077],{"class":69},[55,19050,539],{"class":91},[55,19052,3632],{"class":3631},[55,19054,9089],{"class":91},[20,19056,19057,19058,92],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19059,3556],{},[131,19061,19063],{"id":19062},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19065,19066,19067,19069],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19068,16996],{}," works.",[46,19071,19073],{"className":48,"code":19072,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19074,19075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19076,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19078,106],{"class":105},[55,19080,109],{"class":91},[55,19082,8600],{"class":1265},[55,19084,92],{"class":91},[55,19086,17061],{"class":95},[55,19088,2758],{"class":91},[55,19090,228],{"class":69},[55,19092,166],{"class":73},[55,19094,228],{"class":69},[55,19096,2764],{"class":91},[55,19098,70],{"class":69},[55,19100,4543],{"class":73},[55,19102,228],{"class":69},[55,19104,17839],{"class":91},[55,19106,3612],{"class":1210},[55,19108,1273],{"class":91},[46,19110,19111],{"className":48,"code":18977,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,19112,19113,19143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19114,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19116,18512],{"class":61},[55,19118,66],{"class":65},[55,19120,8950],{"class":1265},[55,19122,92],{"class":91},[55,19124,17061],{"class":95},[55,19126,2758],{"class":91},[55,19128,228],{"class":69},[55,19130,1947],{"class":73},[55,19132,228],{"class":69},[55,19134,2764],{"class":91},[55,19136,70],{"class":69},[55,19138,11525],{"class":73},[55,19140,228],{"class":69},[55,19142,3668],{"class":91},[55,19144,19145,19147,19149,19151],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19146,106],{"class":105},[55,19148,109],{"class":91},[55,19150,18545],{"class":95},[55,19152,342],{"class":91},[46,19154,19155],{"className":48,"code":18505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,19156,19157,19189,19211],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19158,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19160,18512],{"class":61},[55,19162,66],{"class":65},[55,19164,8950],{"class":1265},[55,19166,92],{"class":91},[55,19168,17061],{"class":95},[55,19170,2758],{"class":91},[55,19172,228],{"class":69},[55,19174,166],{"class":73},[55,19176,228],{"class":69},[55,19178,2764],{"class":91},[55,19180,70],{"class":69},[55,19182,4543],{"class":73},[55,19184,228],{"class":69},[55,19186,17839],{"class":91},[55,19188,17773],{"class":91},[55,19190,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19192,18545],{"class":61},[55,19194,3680],{"class":91},[55,19196,228],{"class":69},[55,19198,166],{"class":73},[55,19200,228],{"class":69},[55,19202,13329],{"class":91},[55,19204,13332],{"class":95},[55,19206,109],{"class":91},[55,19208,2761],{"class":1210},[55,19210,342],{"class":91},[55,19212,19213,19215,19217,19219],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,19214,106],{"class":105},[55,19216,109],{"class":91},[55,19218,18545],{"class":95},[55,19220,342],{"class":91},[46,19222,19224],{"className":48,"code":19223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19225,19226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19227,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19229,106],{"class":105},[55,19231,109],{"class":91},[55,19233,1266],{"class":1265},[55,19235,109],{"class":91},[55,19237,8600],{"class":1265},[55,19239,92],{"class":91},[55,19241,17061],{"class":95},[55,19243,2758],{"class":91},[55,19245,2761],{"class":1210},[55,19247,2764],{"class":91},[55,19249,2767],{"class":1210},[55,19251,2764],{"class":91},[55,19253,2223],{"class":1210},[55,19255,17839],{"class":91},[55,19257,70],{"class":69},[55,19259,2245],{"class":73},[55,19261,228],{"class":69},[55,19263,2685],{"class":91},[131,19265,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,19267,1581,19269,19271],{"id":19268},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19270,16996],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19273,19274],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1003,19276,19278],{"id":19277},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19280,19281,19282,92],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19283,3556],{},[1003,19285,19287],{"id":19286},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19289,19290],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1003,19292,19294],{"id":19293},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19296,17929],{},[46,19298,19300],{"className":48,"code":19299,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19301,19302,19334],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19303,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19305,17020],{"class":61},[55,19307,66],{"class":65},[55,19309,3400],{"class":91},[55,19311,228],{"class":69},[55,19313,166],{"class":73},[55,19315,228],{"class":69},[55,19317,2764],{"class":91},[55,19319,70],{"class":69},[55,19321,4543],{"class":73},[55,19323,228],{"class":69},[55,19325,2764],{"class":91},[55,19327,70],{"class":69},[55,19329,9520],{"class":73},[55,19331,228],{"class":69},[55,19333,3413],{"class":91},[55,19335,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19337,8945],{"class":61},[55,19339,66],{"class":65},[55,19341,10272],{"class":91},[55,19343,14621],{"class":61},[55,19345,539],{"class":91},[55,19347,17981],{"class":91},[55,19349,3656],{"class":487},[55,19351,17986],{"class":61},[55,19353,3662],{"class":487},[55,19355,17991],{"class":61},[55,19357,9089],{"class":91},[131,19359,1643],{"id":1642},[30,19361,19362,19366,19370,19374,19380],{},[33,19363,19364],{},[166,19365,11023],{"href":12806},[33,19367,19368],{},[166,19369,8935],{"href":12803},[33,19371,19372],{},[166,19373,11032],{"href":17680},[33,19375,19376],{},[166,19377,10518,19378,1573],{"href":13812},[15,19379,14734],{},[33,19381,19382],{},[166,19383,10518,19384,1573],{"href":14779},[15,19385,12556],{},[20,19387,1866,19388,19390],{},[15,19389,17001],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1696,19392,19393],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":19395},[19396,19397,19399,19403,19404,19406,19411,19413,19420,19429,19430,19437],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":17101,"depth":80,"text":19398},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17145,"depth":80,"text":17146,"children":19400},[19401,19402],{"id":17172,"depth":102,"text":17173},{"id":445,"depth":102,"text":446},{"id":5571,"depth":80,"text":5572},{"id":17355,"depth":80,"text":19405},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17684,"depth":80,"text":17685,"children":19407},[19408,19409,19410],{"id":17714,"depth":102,"text":17715},{"id":17877,"depth":102,"text":17878},{"id":17925,"depth":102,"text":17926},{"id":18089,"depth":80,"text":19412},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18247,"depth":80,"text":19414,"children":19415},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19416,19418,19419],{"id":18258,"depth":102,"text":19417},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18323,"depth":102,"text":18324},{"id":18397,"depth":102,"text":18398},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":19421},[19422,19423,19425,19427],{"id":18501,"depth":102,"text":18502},{"id":18684,"depth":102,"text":19424},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18818,"depth":102,"text":19426},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18971,"depth":102,"text":19428},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19062,"depth":80,"text":19063},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":19431},[19432,19434,19435,19436],{"id":19268,"depth":102,"text":19433},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19277,"depth":102,"text":19278},{"id":19286,"depth":102,"text":19287},{"id":19293,"depth":102,"text":19294},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16988,"description":19438},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19445,"title":19446,"body":19447,"description":21276,"extension":1733,"meta":21277,"navigation":248,"path":21278,"seo":21279,"stem":21280,"__hash__":21281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19448,"toc":21243},[19449,19454,19460,19471,19601,19608,19613,19617,19633,19635,19733,19736,19753,19757,19759,19764,19802,19805,19823,19825,19943,19948,19952,19968,19971,20107,20110,20115,20121,20124,20161,20164,20168,20173,20249,20253,20258,20340,20342,20358,20363,20367,20373,20442,20445,20462,20465,20547,20553,20556,20576,20580,20585,20591,20597,20668,20671,20677,20680,20754,20761,20767,20775,20785,20787,20882,20888,20893,20979,20985,20987,20992,21014,21017,21112,21115,21146,21159,21161,21169,21175,21181,21184,21190,21195,21202,21207,21209,21240],[10,19450,11099,19452,18],{"id":19451},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19453,10521],{},[20,19455,19456,19457,19459],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19458,10521],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19461,19462,19463,1963,19466,2168,19468,19470],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19464,19465],{},"KeyError",[15,19467,10521],{},[15,19469,3556],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[46,19472,19474],{"className":48,"code":19473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19475,19476,19512,19516,19542,19567],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19477,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19479,12983],{"class":61},[55,19481,66],{"class":65},[55,19483,10272],{"class":91},[55,19485,228],{"class":69},[55,19487,273],{"class":73},[55,19489,228],{"class":69},[55,19491,539],{"class":91},[55,19493,70],{"class":69},[55,19495,12660],{"class":73},[55,19497,228],{"class":69},[55,19499,2764],{"class":91},[55,19501,70],{"class":69},[55,19503,9079],{"class":73},[55,19505,228],{"class":69},[55,19507,539],{"class":91},[55,19509,9086],{"class":1210},[55,19511,9089],{"class":91},[55,19513,19514],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19515,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,19517,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,19519,106],{"class":105},[55,19521,109],{"class":91},[55,19523,17085],{"class":95},[55,19525,92],{"class":91},[55,19527,19528],{"class":95},"get",[55,19530,109],{"class":91},[55,19532,228],{"class":69},[55,19534,273],{"class":73},[55,19536,228],{"class":69},[55,19538,5145],{"class":91},[55,19540,19541],{"class":118},"           # Ana\n",[55,19543,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,19545,106],{"class":105},[55,19547,109],{"class":91},[55,19549,17085],{"class":95},[55,19551,92],{"class":91},[55,19553,19528],{"class":95},[55,19555,109],{"class":91},[55,19557,228],{"class":69},[55,19559,10190],{"class":73},[55,19561,228],{"class":69},[55,19563,5145],{"class":91},[55,19565,19566],{"class":118},"           # None\n",[55,19568,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19594,19596,19598],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,19570,106],{"class":105},[55,19572,109],{"class":91},[55,19574,17085],{"class":95},[55,19576,92],{"class":91},[55,19578,19528],{"class":95},[55,19580,109],{"class":91},[55,19582,228],{"class":69},[55,19584,10190],{"class":73},[55,19586,228],{"class":69},[55,19588,2764],{"class":91},[55,19590,70],{"class":69},[55,19592,19593],{"class":73},"N\u002FA",[55,19595,228],{"class":69},[55,19597,5145],{"class":91},[55,19599,19600],{"class":118},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19602,1866,19603,19605,19606,92],{},[15,19604,10521],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19607,19465],{},[131,19609,134,19611,137],{"id":19610},"what-get-does",[15,19612,10521],{},[20,19614,1750,19615,11193],{},[15,19616,10521],{},[30,19618,19619,19622,19627,19630],{},[33,19620,19621],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19623,11204,19624,19626],{},[15,19625,3556],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19628,19629],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19631,19632],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19634,214],{},[46,19636,19638],{"className":48,"code":19637,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19639,19640,19679,19683,19708],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19641,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19661,19663,19665,19667,19670,19672,19674,19677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19643,12643],{"class":61},[55,19645,66],{"class":65},[55,19647,10272],{"class":91},[55,19649,228],{"class":69},[55,19651,273],{"class":73},[55,19653,228],{"class":69},[55,19655,539],{"class":91},[55,19657,70],{"class":69},[55,19659,19660],{"class":73},"Lina",[55,19662,228],{"class":69},[55,19664,2764],{"class":91},[55,19666,70],{"class":69},[55,19668,19669],{"class":73},"grade",[55,19671,228],{"class":69},[55,19673,539],{"class":91},[55,19675,19676],{"class":1210}," 90",[55,19678,9089],{"class":91},[55,19680,19681],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19682,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,19684,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,19686,106],{"class":105},[55,19688,109],{"class":91},[55,19690,13405],{"class":95},[55,19692,92],{"class":91},[55,19694,19528],{"class":95},[55,19696,109],{"class":91},[55,19698,228],{"class":69},[55,19700,273],{"class":73},[55,19702,228],{"class":69},[55,19704,5145],{"class":91},[55,19706,19707],{"class":118},"     # Lina\n",[55,19709,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,19711,106],{"class":105},[55,19713,109],{"class":91},[55,19715,13405],{"class":95},[55,19717,92],{"class":91},[55,19719,19528],{"class":95},[55,19721,109],{"class":91},[55,19723,228],{"class":69},[55,19725,15039],{"class":73},[55,19727,228],{"class":69},[55,19729,5145],{"class":91},[55,19731,19732],{"class":118},"    # None\n",[20,19734,19735],{},"In this example:",[30,19737,19738,19743],{},[33,19739,19740,19742],{},[15,19741,15020],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,19744,19745,19748,19749,2168,19751],{},[15,19746,19747],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19750,10521],{},[15,19752,3556],{},[20,19754,12800,19755,92],{},[166,19756,8935],{"href":8934},[131,19758,178],{"id":177},[20,19760,19761,19762,539],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19763,10521],{},[46,19765,19767],{"className":48,"code":19766,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19768,19769,19783],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19770,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19772,15383],{"class":61},[55,19774,92],{"class":91},[55,19776,19528],{"class":95},[55,19778,109],{"class":91},[55,19780,14621],{"class":95},[55,19782,342],{"class":91},[55,19784,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19800],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19786,15383],{"class":61},[55,19788,92],{"class":91},[55,19790,19528],{"class":95},[55,19792,109],{"class":91},[55,19794,14621],{"class":95},[55,19796,2764],{"class":91},[55,19798,19799],{"class":95}," default_value",[55,19801,342],{"class":91},[20,19803,19804],{},"What each part means:",[30,19806,19807,19812,19818],{},[33,19808,19809,19811],{},[15,19810,14621],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,19813,19814,19817],{},[15,19815,19816],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,19819,19820,19821],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19822,3556],{},[20,19824,214],{},[46,19826,19828],{"className":48,"code":19827,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19829,19830,19854,19858,19883,19909],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19831,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19833,13605],{"class":61},[55,19835,66],{"class":65},[55,19837,10272],{"class":91},[55,19839,228],{"class":69},[55,19841,12275],{"class":73},[55,19843,228],{"class":69},[55,19845,539],{"class":91},[55,19847,70],{"class":69},[55,19849,12284],{"class":73},[55,19851,228],{"class":69},[55,19853,9089],{"class":91},[55,19855,19856],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,19857,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,19859,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,19861,106],{"class":105},[55,19863,109],{"class":91},[55,19865,13664],{"class":95},[55,19867,92],{"class":91},[55,19869,19528],{"class":95},[55,19871,109],{"class":91},[55,19873,228],{"class":69},[55,19875,12275],{"class":73},[55,19877,228],{"class":69},[55,19879,5145],{"class":91},[55,19881,19882],{"class":118},"            # dark\n",[55,19884,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19902,19904,19906],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,19886,106],{"class":105},[55,19888,109],{"class":91},[55,19890,13664],{"class":95},[55,19892,92],{"class":91},[55,19894,19528],{"class":95},[55,19896,109],{"class":91},[55,19898,228],{"class":69},[55,19900,19901],{"class":73},"language",[55,19903,228],{"class":69},[55,19905,5145],{"class":91},[55,19907,19908],{"class":118},"         # None\n",[55,19910,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19936,19938,19940],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,19912,106],{"class":105},[55,19914,109],{"class":91},[55,19916,13664],{"class":95},[55,19918,92],{"class":91},[55,19920,19528],{"class":95},[55,19922,109],{"class":91},[55,19924,228],{"class":69},[55,19926,19901],{"class":73},[55,19928,228],{"class":69},[55,19930,2764],{"class":91},[55,19932,70],{"class":69},[55,19934,19935],{"class":73},"en",[55,19937,228],{"class":69},[55,19939,5145],{"class":91},[55,19941,19942],{"class":118},"   # en\n",[131,19944,4744,19946],{"id":19945},"when-to-use-get",[15,19947,10521],{},[20,19949,1866,19950,10382],{},[15,19951,10521],{},[30,19953,19954,19957,19962,19965],{},[33,19955,19956],{},"A key might not exist",[33,19958,19959,19960],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19961,19465],{},[33,19963,19964],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,19966,19967],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19969,19970],{},"Example with optional user data:",[46,19972,19974],{"className":48,"code":19973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19975,19976,20018,20022,20047,20073],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19977,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20014,20016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19979,11267],{"class":61},[55,19981,66],{"class":65},[55,19983,10272],{"class":91},[55,19985,228],{"class":69},[55,19987,7769],{"class":73},[55,19989,228],{"class":69},[55,19991,539],{"class":91},[55,19993,70],{"class":69},[55,19995,19996],{"class":73},"sam",[55,19998,228],{"class":69},[55,20000,2764],{"class":91},[55,20002,70],{"class":69},[55,20004,15039],{"class":73},[55,20006,228],{"class":69},[55,20008,539],{"class":91},[55,20010,70],{"class":69},[55,20012,20013],{"class":73},"sam@example.com",[55,20015,228],{"class":69},[55,20017,9089],{"class":91},[55,20019,20020],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20021,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20023,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20025,106],{"class":105},[55,20027,109],{"class":91},[55,20029,11361],{"class":95},[55,20031,92],{"class":91},[55,20033,19528],{"class":95},[55,20035,109],{"class":91},[55,20037,228],{"class":69},[55,20039,7769],{"class":73},[55,20041,228],{"class":69},[55,20043,5145],{"class":91},[55,20045,20046],{"class":118},"              # sam\n",[55,20048,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20066,20068,20070],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20050,106],{"class":105},[55,20052,109],{"class":91},[55,20054,11361],{"class":95},[55,20056,92],{"class":91},[55,20058,19528],{"class":95},[55,20060,109],{"class":91},[55,20062,228],{"class":69},[55,20064,20065],{"class":73},"phone",[55,20067,228],{"class":69},[55,20069,5145],{"class":91},[55,20071,20072],{"class":118},"                 # None\n",[55,20074,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20100,20102,20104],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,20076,106],{"class":105},[55,20078,109],{"class":91},[55,20080,11361],{"class":95},[55,20082,92],{"class":91},[55,20084,19528],{"class":95},[55,20086,109],{"class":91},[55,20088,228],{"class":69},[55,20090,20065],{"class":73},[55,20092,228],{"class":69},[55,20094,2764],{"class":91},[55,20096,70],{"class":69},[55,20098,20099],{"class":73},"Not provided",[55,20101,228],{"class":69},[55,20103,5145],{"class":91},[55,20105,20106],{"class":118}," # Not provided\n",[20,20108,20109],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20111,20112,20113,92],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[166,20114,16377],{"href":16376},[131,20116,20118,20120],{"id":20117},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20119,10521],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20122,20123],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[46,20125,20127],{"className":48,"code":20126,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20128,20129,20143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20130,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20132,8984],{"class":61},[55,20134,3680],{"class":91},[55,20136,228],{"class":69},[55,20138,14621],{"class":73},[55,20140,228],{"class":69},[55,20142,3413],{"class":91},[55,20144,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20146,8984],{"class":61},[55,20148,92],{"class":91},[55,20150,19528],{"class":95},[55,20152,109],{"class":91},[55,20154,228],{"class":69},[55,20156,14621],{"class":73},[55,20158,228],{"class":69},[55,20160,342],{"class":91},[20,20162,20163],{},"The difference is important.",[1003,20165,20167],{"id":20166},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20169,20170,20171,92],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20172,19465],{},[46,20174,20176],{"className":48,"code":20175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20177,20178,20202,20206,20228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20179,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20181,8945],{"class":61},[55,20183,66],{"class":65},[55,20185,10272],{"class":91},[55,20187,228],{"class":69},[55,20189,273],{"class":73},[55,20191,228],{"class":69},[55,20193,539],{"class":91},[55,20195,70],{"class":69},[55,20197,12660],{"class":73},[55,20199,228],{"class":69},[55,20201,9089],{"class":91},[55,20203,20204],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20205,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20207,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20225],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20209,106],{"class":105},[55,20211,109],{"class":91},[55,20213,8984],{"class":95},[55,20215,3680],{"class":91},[55,20217,228],{"class":69},[55,20219,273],{"class":73},[55,20221,228],{"class":69},[55,20223,20224],{"class":91},"])",[55,20226,20227],{"class":118},"   # Ana\n",[55,20229,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20231,106],{"class":105},[55,20233,109],{"class":91},[55,20235,8984],{"class":95},[55,20237,3680],{"class":91},[55,20239,228],{"class":69},[55,20241,10190],{"class":73},[55,20243,228],{"class":69},[55,20245,20224],{"class":91},[55,20247,20248],{"class":118},"   # KeyError\n",[1003,20250,20251],{"id":19528},[15,20252,10521],{},[20,20254,20255,20257],{},[15,20256,10521],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[46,20259,20261],{"className":48,"code":20260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20262,20263,20287,20291,20315],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20264,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20266,8945],{"class":61},[55,20268,66],{"class":65},[55,20270,10272],{"class":91},[55,20272,228],{"class":69},[55,20274,273],{"class":73},[55,20276,228],{"class":69},[55,20278,539],{"class":91},[55,20280,70],{"class":69},[55,20282,12660],{"class":73},[55,20284,228],{"class":69},[55,20286,9089],{"class":91},[55,20288,20289],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20290,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20292,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20294,106],{"class":105},[55,20296,109],{"class":91},[55,20298,8984],{"class":95},[55,20300,92],{"class":91},[55,20302,19528],{"class":95},[55,20304,109],{"class":91},[55,20306,228],{"class":69},[55,20308,273],{"class":73},[55,20310,228],{"class":69},[55,20312,5145],{"class":91},[55,20314,20227],{"class":118},[55,20316,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20318,106],{"class":105},[55,20320,109],{"class":91},[55,20322,8984],{"class":95},[55,20324,92],{"class":91},[55,20326,19528],{"class":95},[55,20328,109],{"class":91},[55,20330,228],{"class":69},[55,20332,10190],{"class":73},[55,20334,228],{"class":69},[55,20336,5145],{"class":91},[55,20338,20339],{"class":118},"   # None\n",[20,20341,18472],{},[30,20343,20344,20350],{},[33,20345,20346,20347],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[123,20348,20349],{},"must exist",[33,20351,20352,20354,20355],{},[15,20353,10521],{}," when the key is ",[123,20356,20357],{},"optional",[20,20359,20360,20361,92],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[166,20362,11043],{"href":10855},[131,20364,20366],{"id":20365},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20368,20369,20370,20372],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20371,10521],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[46,20374,20376],{"className":48,"code":20375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20377,20378,20403,20407],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20379,20380,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20381,20382],{"class":61},"profile ",[55,20384,66],{"class":65},[55,20386,10272],{"class":91},[55,20388,228],{"class":69},[55,20390,273],{"class":73},[55,20392,228],{"class":69},[55,20394,539],{"class":91},[55,20396,70],{"class":69},[55,20398,7705],{"class":73},[55,20400,228],{"class":69},[55,20402,9089],{"class":91},[55,20404,20405],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20406,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20408,20409,20411,20413,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20435,20437,20439],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20410,106],{"class":105},[55,20412,109],{"class":91},[55,20414,20415],{"class":95},"profile",[55,20417,92],{"class":91},[55,20419,19528],{"class":95},[55,20421,109],{"class":91},[55,20423,228],{"class":69},[55,20425,15042],{"class":73},[55,20427,228],{"class":69},[55,20429,2764],{"class":91},[55,20431,70],{"class":69},[55,20433,20434],{"class":73},"Unknown",[55,20436,228],{"class":69},[55,20438,5145],{"class":91},[55,20440,20441],{"class":118},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20443,20444],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20446,20447,20452,20457],{},[33,20448,20449],{},[15,20450,20451],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20453,20454],{},[15,20455,20456],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20458,20459],{},[15,20460,20461],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20463,20464],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[46,20466,20468],{"className":48,"code":20467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20469,20470,20502,20506,20533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20471,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20473,4847],{"class":61},[55,20475,66],{"class":65},[55,20477,10272],{"class":91},[55,20479,228],{"class":69},[55,20481,18194],{"class":73},[55,20483,228],{"class":69},[55,20485,539],{"class":91},[55,20487,5790],{"class":1210},[55,20489,2764],{"class":91},[55,20491,70],{"class":69},[55,20493,18203],{"class":73},[55,20495,228],{"class":69},[55,20497,539],{"class":91},[55,20499,6146],{"class":1210},[55,20501,9089],{"class":91},[55,20503,20504],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20505,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20507,20508,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20509,20510],{"class":61},"total_history ",[55,20512,66],{"class":65},[55,20514,4894],{"class":61},[55,20516,92],{"class":91},[55,20518,19528],{"class":95},[55,20520,109],{"class":91},[55,20522,228],{"class":69},[55,20524,18212],{"class":73},[55,20526,228],{"class":69},[55,20528,2764],{"class":91},[55,20530,3612],{"class":1210},[55,20532,342],{"class":91},[55,20534,20535,20537,20539,20542,20544],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20536,106],{"class":105},[55,20538,109],{"class":91},[55,20540,20541],{"class":95},"total_history",[55,20543,115],{"class":91},[55,20545,20546],{"class":118},"   # 0\n",[20,20548,20549,20550,20552],{},"Here, ",[15,20551,1894],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20554,20555],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20557,20558,20561,20566,20571],{},[33,20559,20560],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20562,1866,20563,20565],{},[15,20564,1894],{}," for numbers",[33,20567,1866,20568,20570],{},[15,20569,3565],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20572,1866,20573,20575],{},[15,20574,3570],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[131,20577,20579],{"id":20578},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20581,20582,20583,92],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20584,10521],{},[1003,20586,20588,20590],{"id":20587},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20589,10521],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20592,20593,20594,20596],{},"This code does ",[123,20595,902],{}," create a new key:",[46,20598,20600],{"className":48,"code":20599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20601,20602,20626,20630,20655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20603,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20605,12983],{"class":61},[55,20607,66],{"class":65},[55,20609,10272],{"class":91},[55,20611,228],{"class":69},[55,20613,273],{"class":73},[55,20615,228],{"class":69},[55,20617,539],{"class":91},[55,20619,70],{"class":69},[55,20621,12660],{"class":73},[55,20623,228],{"class":69},[55,20625,9089],{"class":91},[55,20627,20628],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20629,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20631,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20633,106],{"class":105},[55,20635,109],{"class":91},[55,20637,17085],{"class":95},[55,20639,92],{"class":91},[55,20641,19528],{"class":95},[55,20643,109],{"class":91},[55,20645,228],{"class":69},[55,20647,10190],{"class":73},[55,20649,228],{"class":69},[55,20651,5145],{"class":91},[55,20653,20654],{"class":118},"  # None\n",[55,20656,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20658,106],{"class":105},[55,20660,109],{"class":91},[55,20662,17085],{"class":95},[55,20664,115],{"class":91},[55,20666,20667],{"class":118},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20669,20670],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1003,20672,20674,20676],{"id":20673},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20675,10521],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20678,20679],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[46,20681,20683],{"className":48,"code":20682,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20684,20685,20711,20715,20741],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20686,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20698,20700,20702,20704,20707,20709],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20688,13605],{"class":61},[55,20690,66],{"class":65},[55,20692,10272],{"class":91},[55,20694,228],{"class":69},[55,20696,20697],{"class":73},"mode",[55,20699,228],{"class":69},[55,20701,539],{"class":91},[55,20703,70],{"class":69},[55,20705,20706],{"class":73},"light",[55,20708,228],{"class":69},[55,20710,9089],{"class":91},[55,20712,20713],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20714,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20716,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20718,13664],{"class":61},[55,20720,92],{"class":91},[55,20722,19528],{"class":95},[55,20724,109],{"class":91},[55,20726,228],{"class":69},[55,20728,12275],{"class":73},[55,20730,228],{"class":69},[55,20732,2764],{"class":91},[55,20734,70],{"class":69},[55,20736,12284],{"class":73},[55,20738,228],{"class":69},[55,20740,342],{"class":91},[55,20742,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20744,106],{"class":105},[55,20746,109],{"class":91},[55,20748,13664],{"class":95},[55,20750,115],{"class":91},[55,20752,20753],{"class":118},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20755,20756,20757,20760],{},"Even though ",[15,20758,20759],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1003,20762,20764,20765],{"id":20763},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20766,3556],{},[20,20768,20769,20770,2168,20772,20774],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20771,10521],{},[15,20773,3556],{}," because:",[30,20776,20777,20780],{},[33,20778,20779],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,20781,20782,20783],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20784,3556],{},[20,20786,214],{},[46,20788,20790],{"className":48,"code":20789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20791,20792,20829,20833,20857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20793,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20821,20823,20825,20827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20795,8945],{"class":61},[55,20797,66],{"class":65},[55,20799,10272],{"class":91},[55,20801,228],{"class":69},[55,20803,273],{"class":73},[55,20805,228],{"class":69},[55,20807,539],{"class":91},[55,20809,70],{"class":69},[55,20811,12660],{"class":73},[55,20813,228],{"class":69},[55,20815,2764],{"class":91},[55,20817,70],{"class":69},[55,20819,20820],{"class":73},"nickname",[55,20822,228],{"class":69},[55,20824,539],{"class":91},[55,20826,3632],{"class":3631},[55,20828,9089],{"class":91},[55,20830,20831],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20832,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20834,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20836,106],{"class":105},[55,20838,109],{"class":91},[55,20840,8984],{"class":95},[55,20842,92],{"class":91},[55,20844,19528],{"class":95},[55,20846,109],{"class":91},[55,20848,228],{"class":69},[55,20850,20820],{"class":73},[55,20852,228],{"class":69},[55,20854,5145],{"class":91},[55,20856,20654],{"class":118},[55,20858,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20860,106],{"class":105},[55,20862,109],{"class":91},[55,20864,8984],{"class":95},[55,20866,92],{"class":91},[55,20868,19528],{"class":95},[55,20870,109],{"class":91},[55,20872,228],{"class":69},[55,20874,10190],{"class":73},[55,20876,228],{"class":69},[55,20878,5145],{"class":91},[55,20880,20881],{"class":118},"      # None\n",[20,20883,20884,20885,20887],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20886,3556],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20889,20890,20891,539],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20892,3662],{},[46,20894,20896],{"className":48,"code":20895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20897,20898,20934,20938,20958],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20899,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20901,8945],{"class":61},[55,20903,66],{"class":65},[55,20905,10272],{"class":91},[55,20907,228],{"class":69},[55,20909,273],{"class":73},[55,20911,228],{"class":69},[55,20913,539],{"class":91},[55,20915,70],{"class":69},[55,20917,12660],{"class":73},[55,20919,228],{"class":69},[55,20921,2764],{"class":91},[55,20923,70],{"class":69},[55,20925,20820],{"class":73},[55,20927,228],{"class":69},[55,20929,539],{"class":91},[55,20931,3632],{"class":3631},[55,20933,9089],{"class":91},[55,20935,20936],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,20937,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,20939,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,20941,106],{"class":105},[55,20943,109],{"class":91},[55,20945,228],{"class":69},[55,20947,20820],{"class":73},[55,20949,228],{"class":69},[55,20951,784],{"class":487},[55,20953,14346],{"class":95},[55,20955,115],{"class":91},[55,20957,3442],{"class":118},[55,20959,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,20961,106],{"class":105},[55,20963,109],{"class":91},[55,20965,228],{"class":69},[55,20967,10190],{"class":73},[55,20969,228],{"class":69},[55,20971,784],{"class":487},[55,20973,14346],{"class":95},[55,20975,115],{"class":91},[55,20977,20978],{"class":118},"      # False\n",[20,20980,20981,20982,92],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[166,20983,20984],{"href":16931},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[131,20986,1001],{"id":1000},[20,20988,20989,20990,539],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20991,10521],{},[30,20993,20994,20999,21006,21011],{},[33,20995,20996,20997],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20998,19465],{},[33,21000,4486,21001,2168,21003,21005],{},[15,21002,10521],{},[15,21004,3556],{}," if no default is provided",[33,21007,4362,21008,21010],{},[15,21009,10521],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,21012,21013],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21015,21016],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[46,21018,21020],{"className":48,"code":21019,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21021,21022,21032,21046,21064,21086],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21023,21024,21026,21028,21030],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21025,106],{"class":105},[55,21027,109],{"class":91},[55,21029,11230],{"class":95},[55,21031,342],{"class":91},[55,21033,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21035,106],{"class":105},[55,21037,109],{"class":91},[55,21039,11230],{"class":95},[55,21041,92],{"class":91},[55,21043,16701],{"class":95},[55,21045,1087],{"class":91},[55,21047,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,21049,106],{"class":105},[55,21051,109],{"class":91},[55,21053,3077],{"class":69},[55,21055,273],{"class":73},[55,21057,3077],{"class":69},[55,21059,784],{"class":487},[55,21061,11546],{"class":95},[55,21063,342],{"class":91},[55,21065,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,21067,106],{"class":105},[55,21069,109],{"class":91},[55,21071,11230],{"class":95},[55,21073,92],{"class":91},[55,21075,19528],{"class":95},[55,21077,109],{"class":91},[55,21079,3077],{"class":69},[55,21081,273],{"class":73},[55,21083,3077],{"class":69},[55,21085,1273],{"class":91},[55,21087,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,21089,106],{"class":105},[55,21091,109],{"class":91},[55,21093,1266],{"class":1265},[55,21095,109],{"class":91},[55,21097,11230],{"class":95},[55,21099,92],{"class":91},[55,21101,19528],{"class":95},[55,21103,109],{"class":91},[55,21105,3077],{"class":69},[55,21107,273],{"class":73},[55,21109,3077],{"class":69},[55,21111,2685],{"class":91},[20,21113,21114],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,21116,21117,21122,21128,21134,21140],{},[33,21118,21119,21121],{},[15,21120,12460],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,21123,21124,21127],{},[15,21125,21126],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21129,21130,21133],{},[15,21131,21132],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21135,21136,21139],{},[15,21137,21138],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21141,21142,21145],{},[15,21143,21144],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21147,21148,21149,1377,21154,21158],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[166,21150,21151,21152,1573],{"href":16840},"the dictionary ",[15,21153,16843],{},[166,21155,21151,21156,1573],{"href":16853},[15,21157,16856],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[131,21160,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,21162,1581,21164,21166,21167,1631],{"id":21163},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21165,10521],{}," raise ",[15,21168,19465],{},[20,21170,21171,21172,21174],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21173,3556],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1003,21176,1581,21178,21180],{"id":21177},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21179,10521],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21182,21183],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1003,21185,21187,21188,1631],{"id":21186},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21189,10521],{},[20,21191,21192,21194],{},[15,21193,3556],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1003,21196,21198,21199,21201],{"id":21197},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21200,10521],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21203,1866,21204,21206],{},[15,21205,10521],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[131,21208,1643],{"id":1642},[30,21210,21211,21215,21221,21227,21231,21236],{},[33,21212,21213],{},[166,21214,8935],{"href":8934},[33,21216,21217],{},[166,21218,10518,21219,1573],{"href":16840},[15,21220,16843],{},[33,21222,21223],{},[166,21224,10518,21225,1573],{"href":16853},[15,21226,16856],{},[33,21228,21229],{},[166,21230,16932],{"href":16931},[33,21232,21233],{},[166,21234,21235],{"href":16376},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21237,21238],{},[166,21239,11043],{"href":10855},[1696,21241,21242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21253,21254],{"id":20166,"depth":102,"text":20167},{"id":19528,"depth":102,"text":10521},{"id":20365,"depth":80,"text":20366},{"id":20578,"depth":80,"text":20579,"children":21257},[21258,21260,21262],{"id":20587,"depth":102,"text":21259},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20673,"depth":102,"text":21261},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20763,"depth":102,"text":21263},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":21266},[21267,21269,21271,21273],{"id":21163,"depth":102,"text":21268},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21177,"depth":102,"text":21270},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21186,"depth":102,"text":21272},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21197,"depth":102,"text":21274},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19446,"description":21276},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21283,"title":21284,"body":21285,"description":23840,"extension":1733,"meta":23841,"navigation":248,"path":23842,"seo":23843,"stem":23844,"__hash__":23845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21286,"toc":23806},[21287,21292,21298,21304,21306,21387,21391,21408,21413,21418,21423,21425,21439,21441,21504,21508,21548,21556,21558,21560,21575,21578,21591,21593,21672,21676,21742,21744,21748,21755,21757,21768,21770,21880,21884,21963,21969,21975,21980,22093,22097,22129,22132,22239,22245,22252,22256,22259,22362,22366,22427,22430,22433,22444,22453,22456,22473,22475,22574,22578,22653,22656,22679,22684,22689,22706,22708,22829,22833,22867,22869,22874,22881,22891,22893,22971,22974,23045,23055,23058,23090,23093,23132,23138,23145,23148,23239,23243,23324,23330,23333,23336,23441,23444,23447,23569,23573,23576,23643,23647,23684,23690,23692,23698,23703,23709,23716,23722,23725,23764,23770,23773,23775,23803],[10,21288,11099,21290,18],{"id":21289},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21291,16856],{},[20,21293,1750,21294,21297],{},[15,21295,21296],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21299,21300,21301,21303],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21302,16856],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[131,21305,1775],{"id":1774},[46,21307,21309],{"className":48,"code":21308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21310,21311,21347,21351,21373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21312,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21314,12983],{"class":61},[55,21316,66],{"class":65},[55,21318,10272],{"class":91},[55,21320,228],{"class":69},[55,21322,273],{"class":73},[55,21324,228],{"class":69},[55,21326,539],{"class":91},[55,21328,70],{"class":69},[55,21330,12660],{"class":73},[55,21332,228],{"class":69},[55,21334,2764],{"class":91},[55,21336,70],{"class":69},[55,21338,9079],{"class":73},[55,21340,228],{"class":69},[55,21342,539],{"class":91},[55,21344,9086],{"class":1210},[55,21346,9089],{"class":91},[55,21348,21349],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21350,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,21352,21353,21355,21358,21360,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,21354,5743],{"class":487},[55,21356,21357],{"class":61}," key",[55,21359,2764],{"class":91},[55,21361,21362],{"class":61}," value ",[55,21364,3662],{"class":487},[55,21366,13026],{"class":61},[55,21368,92],{"class":91},[55,21370,7594],{"class":95},[55,21372,794],{"class":91},[55,21374,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,21376,516],{"class":105},[55,21378,109],{"class":91},[55,21380,14621],{"class":95},[55,21382,2764],{"class":91},[55,21384,8215],{"class":95},[55,21386,342],{"class":91},[20,21388,21389],{},[123,21390,357],{},[46,21392,21394],{"className":48,"code":21393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21395,21396,21401],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21397,21398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21399,21400],{"class":61},"name Ana\n",[55,21402,21403,21406],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21404,21405],{"class":61},"age ",[55,21407,2482],{"class":1210},[20,21409,1866,21410,21412],{},[15,21411,16856],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[131,21414,134,21416,137],{"id":21415},"what-items-does",[15,21417,16856],{},[20,21419,21420,21422],{},[15,21421,16856],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21424,11239],{},[30,21426,21427,21433,21436],{},[33,21428,21429,21430],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21431,21432],{},"(key, value)",[33,21434,21435],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21437,21438],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21440,214],{},[46,21442,21444],{"className":48,"code":21443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21445,21446,21482,21486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21447,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21449,12983],{"class":61},[55,21451,66],{"class":65},[55,21453,10272],{"class":91},[55,21455,228],{"class":69},[55,21457,273],{"class":73},[55,21459,228],{"class":69},[55,21461,539],{"class":91},[55,21463,70],{"class":69},[55,21465,12660],{"class":73},[55,21467,228],{"class":69},[55,21469,2764],{"class":91},[55,21471,70],{"class":69},[55,21473,9079],{"class":73},[55,21475,228],{"class":69},[55,21477,539],{"class":91},[55,21479,9086],{"class":1210},[55,21481,9089],{"class":91},[55,21483,21484],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21485,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,21487,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,21489,106],{"class":105},[55,21491,109],{"class":91},[55,21493,7877],{"class":1265},[55,21495,109],{"class":91},[55,21497,17085],{"class":95},[55,21499,92],{"class":91},[55,21501,7594],{"class":95},[55,21503,6076],{"class":91},[20,21505,21506],{},[123,21507,357],{},[46,21509,21511],{"className":48,"code":21510,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21512,21513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21514,21515,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21516,21517],{"class":91},"[(",[55,21519,3077],{"class":69},[55,21521,273],{"class":73},[55,21523,3077],{"class":69},[55,21525,2764],{"class":91},[55,21527,3072],{"class":69},[55,21529,12660],{"class":73},[55,21531,3077],{"class":69},[55,21533,9013],{"class":91},[55,21535,9016],{"class":91},[55,21537,3077],{"class":69},[55,21539,9079],{"class":73},[55,21541,3077],{"class":69},[55,21543,2764],{"class":91},[55,21545,9086],{"class":1210},[55,21547,9029],{"class":91},[20,21549,21550,21551,2651,21553,92],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[166,21552,8935],{"href":12803},[166,21554,14805],{"href":21555},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[131,21557,178],{"id":177},[20,21559,5218],{},[46,21561,21563],{"className":48,"code":21562,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21564,21565],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21566,21567,21569,21571,21573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21568,11230],{"class":61},[55,21570,92],{"class":91},[55,21572,7594],{"class":95},[55,21574,99],{"class":91},[20,21576,21577],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21579,21580,21585,21588],{},[33,21581,21582,21584],{},[15,21583,16856],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21586,21587],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21589,21590],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21592,214],{},[46,21594,21596],{"className":48,"code":21595,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21597,21598,21630,21634,21648,21652,21662],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21599,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21601,4847],{"class":61},[55,21603,66],{"class":65},[55,21605,10272],{"class":91},[55,21607,228],{"class":69},[55,21609,4787],{"class":73},[55,21611,228],{"class":69},[55,21613,539],{"class":91},[55,21615,19676],{"class":1210},[55,21617,2764],{"class":91},[55,21619,70],{"class":69},[55,21621,4796],{"class":73},[55,21623,228],{"class":69},[55,21625,539],{"class":91},[55,21627,13286],{"class":1210},[55,21629,9089],{"class":91},[55,21631,21632],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21633,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,21635,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,21637,83],{"class":61},[55,21639,66],{"class":65},[55,21641,4894],{"class":61},[55,21643,92],{"class":91},[55,21645,7594],{"class":95},[55,21647,99],{"class":91},[55,21649,21650],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,21651,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,21653,21654,21656,21658,21660],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,21655,106],{"class":105},[55,21657,109],{"class":91},[55,21659,112],{"class":95},[55,21661,342],{"class":91},[55,21663,21664,21666,21668,21670],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,21665,106],{"class":105},[55,21667,109],{"class":91},[55,21669,16168],{"class":95},[55,21671,342],{"class":91},[20,21673,21674],{},[123,21675,357],{},[46,21677,21679],{"className":48,"code":21678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21680,21681,21714],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21682,21683,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21684,21685],{"class":95},"dict_items",[55,21687,9438],{"class":91},[55,21689,3077],{"class":69},[55,21691,4787],{"class":73},[55,21693,3077],{"class":69},[55,21695,2764],{"class":91},[55,21697,19676],{"class":1210},[55,21699,9013],{"class":91},[55,21701,9016],{"class":91},[55,21703,3077],{"class":69},[55,21705,4796],{"class":73},[55,21707,3077],{"class":69},[55,21709,2764],{"class":91},[55,21711,13286],{"class":1210},[55,21713,10460],{"class":91},[55,21715,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21717,9058],{"class":91},[55,21719,3077],{"class":69},[55,21721,4787],{"class":73},[55,21723,3077],{"class":69},[55,21725,539],{"class":91},[55,21727,19676],{"class":1210},[55,21729,2764],{"class":91},[55,21731,3072],{"class":69},[55,21733,4796],{"class":73},[55,21735,3077],{"class":69},[55,21737,539],{"class":91},[55,21739,13286],{"class":1210},[55,21741,9089],{"class":91},[20,21743,20670],{},[131,21745,21747],{"id":21746},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21749,21750,451,21752,21754],{},[15,21751,16856],{},[15,21753,21685],{}," view object.",[20,21756,1881],{},[30,21758,21759,21762,21765],{},[33,21760,21761],{},"You can loop over it",[33,21763,21764],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,21766,21767],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21769,214],{},[46,21771,21773],{"className":48,"code":21772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21774,21775,21807,21821,21825,21839,21843,21862,21866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21776,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21778,8945],{"class":61},[55,21780,66],{"class":65},[55,21782,10272],{"class":91},[55,21784,228],{"class":69},[55,21786,1947],{"class":73},[55,21788,228],{"class":69},[55,21790,539],{"class":91},[55,21792,5282],{"class":1210},[55,21794,2764],{"class":91},[55,21796,70],{"class":69},[55,21798,11525],{"class":73},[55,21800,228],{"class":69},[55,21802,539],{"class":91},[55,21804,2767],{"class":1210},[55,21806,9089],{"class":91},[55,21808,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21810,8995],{"class":61},[55,21812,66],{"class":65},[55,21814,14346],{"class":61},[55,21816,92],{"class":91},[55,21818,7594],{"class":95},[55,21820,99],{"class":91},[55,21822,21823],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,21824,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,21826,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,21828,106],{"class":105},[55,21830,109],{"class":91},[55,21832,7877],{"class":1265},[55,21834,109],{"class":91},[55,21836,9042],{"class":95},[55,21838,1273],{"class":91},[55,21840,21841],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,21842,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,21844,21845,21847,21849,21851,21854,21856,21858,21860],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,21846,8984],{"class":61},[55,21848,3680],{"class":91},[55,21850,228],{"class":69},[55,21852,21853],{"class":73},"z",[55,21855,228],{"class":69},[55,21857,13052],{"class":91},[55,21859,13055],{"class":65},[55,21861,2350],{"class":1210},[55,21863,21864],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,21865,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,21867,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,21869,106],{"class":105},[55,21871,109],{"class":91},[55,21873,7877],{"class":1265},[55,21875,109],{"class":91},[55,21877,9042],{"class":95},[55,21879,1273],{"class":91},[20,21881,21882],{},[123,21883,357],{},[46,21885,21887],{"className":48,"code":21886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21888,21889,21919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21890,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21892,21517],{"class":91},[55,21894,3077],{"class":69},[55,21896,1947],{"class":73},[55,21898,3077],{"class":69},[55,21900,2764],{"class":91},[55,21902,5282],{"class":1210},[55,21904,9013],{"class":91},[55,21906,9016],{"class":91},[55,21908,3077],{"class":69},[55,21910,11525],{"class":73},[55,21912,3077],{"class":69},[55,21914,2764],{"class":91},[55,21916,2767],{"class":1210},[55,21918,9029],{"class":91},[55,21920,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,21922,21517],{"class":91},[55,21924,3077],{"class":69},[55,21926,1947],{"class":73},[55,21928,3077],{"class":69},[55,21930,2764],{"class":91},[55,21932,5282],{"class":1210},[55,21934,9013],{"class":91},[55,21936,9016],{"class":91},[55,21938,3077],{"class":69},[55,21940,11525],{"class":73},[55,21942,3077],{"class":69},[55,21944,2764],{"class":91},[55,21946,2767],{"class":1210},[55,21948,9013],{"class":91},[55,21950,9016],{"class":91},[55,21952,3077],{"class":69},[55,21954,21853],{"class":73},[55,21956,3077],{"class":69},[55,21958,2764],{"class":91},[55,21960,2223],{"class":1210},[55,21962,9029],{"class":91},[20,21964,21965,21966,21968],{},"This happens because ",[15,21967,9042],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[131,21970,21972,21973],{"id":21971},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21974,16856],{},[20,21976,21977,21978,539],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21979,16856],{},[46,21981,21983],{"className":48,"code":21982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21984,21985,22038,22042,22062],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21986,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21988,12643],{"class":61},[55,21990,66],{"class":65},[55,21992,10272],{"class":91},[55,21994,228],{"class":69},[55,21996,273],{"class":73},[55,21998,228],{"class":69},[55,22000,539],{"class":91},[55,22002,70],{"class":69},[55,22004,7705],{"class":73},[55,22006,228],{"class":69},[55,22008,2764],{"class":91},[55,22010,70],{"class":69},[55,22012,19669],{"class":73},[55,22014,228],{"class":69},[55,22016,539],{"class":91},[55,22018,70],{"class":69},[55,22020,22021],{"class":73},"A",[55,22023,228],{"class":69},[55,22025,2764],{"class":91},[55,22027,70],{"class":69},[55,22029,9079],{"class":73},[55,22031,228],{"class":69},[55,22033,539],{"class":91},[55,22035,13637],{"class":1210},[55,22037,9089],{"class":91},[55,22039,22040],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22041,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,22043,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22045,5743],{"class":487},[55,22047,21357],{"class":61},[55,22049,2764],{"class":91},[55,22051,21362],{"class":61},[55,22053,3662],{"class":487},[55,22055,12686],{"class":61},[55,22057,92],{"class":91},[55,22059,7594],{"class":95},[55,22061,794],{"class":91},[55,22063,22064,22066,22068,22071,22073,22075,22077,22080,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,22065,516],{"class":105},[55,22067,109],{"class":91},[55,22069,22070],{"class":1838},"f",[55,22072,228],{"class":73},[55,22074,9058],{"class":1210},[55,22076,14621],{"class":95},[55,22078,22079],{"class":1210},"}",[55,22081,22082],{"class":73},": ",[55,22084,9058],{"class":1210},[55,22086,2245],{"class":95},[55,22088,22079],{"class":1210},[55,22090,228],{"class":73},[55,22092,342],{"class":91},[20,22094,22095],{},[123,22096,357],{},[46,22098,22100],{"className":48,"code":22099,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22101,22102,22111,22120],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22103,22104,22106,22108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22105,273],{"class":61},[55,22107,539],{"class":91},[55,22109,22110],{"class":61}," Mia\n",[55,22112,22113,22115,22117],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22114,19669],{"class":61},[55,22116,539],{"class":91},[55,22118,22119],{"class":61}," A\n",[55,22121,22122,22124,22126],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22123,9079],{"class":61},[55,22125,539],{"class":91},[55,22127,22128],{"class":1210}," 14\n",[20,22130,22131],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[46,22133,22135],{"className":48,"code":22134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22136,22137,22189,22193,22205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22138,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22140,12643],{"class":61},[55,22142,66],{"class":65},[55,22144,10272],{"class":91},[55,22146,228],{"class":69},[55,22148,273],{"class":73},[55,22150,228],{"class":69},[55,22152,539],{"class":91},[55,22154,70],{"class":69},[55,22156,7705],{"class":73},[55,22158,228],{"class":69},[55,22160,2764],{"class":91},[55,22162,70],{"class":69},[55,22164,19669],{"class":73},[55,22166,228],{"class":69},[55,22168,539],{"class":91},[55,22170,70],{"class":69},[55,22172,22021],{"class":73},[55,22174,228],{"class":69},[55,22176,2764],{"class":91},[55,22178,70],{"class":69},[55,22180,9079],{"class":73},[55,22182,228],{"class":69},[55,22184,539],{"class":91},[55,22186,13637],{"class":1210},[55,22188,9089],{"class":91},[55,22190,22191],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22192,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,22194,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22196,5743],{"class":487},[55,22198,17986],{"class":61},[55,22200,3662],{"class":487},[55,22202,12686],{"class":61},[55,22204,511],{"class":91},[55,22206,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,22208,516],{"class":105},[55,22210,109],{"class":91},[55,22212,22070],{"class":1838},[55,22214,228],{"class":73},[55,22216,9058],{"class":1210},[55,22218,14621],{"class":95},[55,22220,22079],{"class":1210},[55,22222,22082],{"class":73},[55,22224,9058],{"class":1210},[55,22226,13405],{"class":95},[55,22228,3680],{"class":91},[55,22230,14621],{"class":95},[55,22232,13052],{"class":91},[55,22234,22079],{"class":1210},[55,22236,228],{"class":73},[55,22238,342],{"class":91},[20,22240,6296,22241,22244],{},[15,22242,22243],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22246,22247,22248,92],{},"For a full guide, see ",[166,22249,22251],{"href":22250},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[131,22253,22255],{"id":22254},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22257,22258],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[46,22260,22262],{"className":48,"code":22261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22263,22264,22323,22327,22347,22351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22265,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22301,22303,22305,22307,22310,22312,22314,22316,22319,22321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22267,12855],{"class":61},[55,22269,66],{"class":65},[55,22271,10272],{"class":91},[55,22273,228],{"class":69},[55,22275,3860],{"class":73},[55,22277,228],{"class":69},[55,22279,539],{"class":91},[55,22281,70],{"class":69},[55,22283,12872],{"class":73},[55,22285,228],{"class":69},[55,22287,2764],{"class":91},[55,22289,70],{"class":69},[55,22291,3869],{"class":73},[55,22293,228],{"class":69},[55,22295,539],{"class":91},[55,22297,70],{"class":69},[55,22299,22300],{"class":73},"yellow",[55,22302,228],{"class":69},[55,22304,2764],{"class":91},[55,22306,70],{"class":69},[55,22308,22309],{"class":73},"grape",[55,22311,228],{"class":69},[55,22313,539],{"class":91},[55,22315,70],{"class":69},[55,22317,22318],{"class":73},"purple",[55,22320,228],{"class":69},[55,22322,9089],{"class":91},[55,22324,22325],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22326,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,22328,22329,22332,22334,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22330,22331],{"class":61},"pairs_list ",[55,22333,66],{"class":65},[55,22335,22336],{"class":1265}," list",[55,22338,109],{"class":91},[55,22340,17279],{"class":95},[55,22342,92],{"class":91},[55,22344,7594],{"class":95},[55,22346,1087],{"class":91},[55,22348,22349],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,22350,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,22352,22353,22355,22357,22360],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,22354,106],{"class":105},[55,22356,109],{"class":91},[55,22358,22359],{"class":95},"pairs_list",[55,22361,342],{"class":91},[20,22363,22364],{},[123,22365,357],{},[46,22367,22369],{"className":48,"code":22368,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22370,22371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22372,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22374,21517],{"class":91},[55,22376,3077],{"class":69},[55,22378,3860],{"class":73},[55,22380,3077],{"class":69},[55,22382,2764],{"class":91},[55,22384,3072],{"class":69},[55,22386,12872],{"class":73},[55,22388,3077],{"class":69},[55,22390,9013],{"class":91},[55,22392,9016],{"class":91},[55,22394,3077],{"class":69},[55,22396,3869],{"class":73},[55,22398,3077],{"class":69},[55,22400,2764],{"class":91},[55,22402,3072],{"class":69},[55,22404,22300],{"class":73},[55,22406,3077],{"class":69},[55,22408,9013],{"class":91},[55,22410,9016],{"class":91},[55,22412,3077],{"class":69},[55,22414,22309],{"class":73},[55,22416,3077],{"class":69},[55,22418,2764],{"class":91},[55,22420,3072],{"class":69},[55,22422,22318],{"class":73},[55,22424,3077],{"class":69},[55,22426,9029],{"class":91},[20,22428,22429],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22431,22432],{},"Use this when:",[30,22434,22435,22438,22441],{},[33,22436,22437],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22439,22440],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22442,22443],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[131,22445,22447,1477,22449,1477,22451],{"id":22446},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22448,16856],{},[15,22450,16843],{},[15,22452,16849],{},[20,22454,22455],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22457,22458,22463,22468],{},[33,22459,22460,22462],{},[15,22461,16856],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22464,22465,22467],{},[15,22466,16843],{}," gives only keys",[33,22469,22470,22472],{},[15,22471,16849],{}," gives only values",[20,22474,214],{},[46,22476,22478],{"className":48,"code":22477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22479,22480,22516,22520,22538,22556],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22481,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22483,12983],{"class":61},[55,22485,66],{"class":65},[55,22487,10272],{"class":91},[55,22489,228],{"class":69},[55,22491,273],{"class":73},[55,22493,228],{"class":69},[55,22495,539],{"class":91},[55,22497,70],{"class":69},[55,22499,12660],{"class":73},[55,22501,228],{"class":69},[55,22503,2764],{"class":91},[55,22505,70],{"class":69},[55,22507,9079],{"class":73},[55,22509,228],{"class":69},[55,22511,539],{"class":91},[55,22513,9086],{"class":1210},[55,22515,9089],{"class":91},[55,22517,22518],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22519,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,22521,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22523,106],{"class":105},[55,22525,109],{"class":91},[55,22527,7877],{"class":1265},[55,22529,109],{"class":91},[55,22531,17085],{"class":95},[55,22533,92],{"class":91},[55,22535,16701],{"class":95},[55,22537,6076],{"class":91},[55,22539,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,22541,106],{"class":105},[55,22543,109],{"class":91},[55,22545,7877],{"class":1265},[55,22547,109],{"class":91},[55,22549,17085],{"class":95},[55,22551,92],{"class":91},[55,22553,5142],{"class":95},[55,22555,6076],{"class":91},[55,22557,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,22559,106],{"class":105},[55,22561,109],{"class":91},[55,22563,7877],{"class":1265},[55,22565,109],{"class":91},[55,22567,17085],{"class":95},[55,22569,92],{"class":91},[55,22571,7594],{"class":95},[55,22573,6076],{"class":91},[20,22575,22576],{},[123,22577,357],{},[46,22579,22581],{"className":48,"code":22580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22582,22583,22603,22619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22584,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22586,3680],{"class":91},[55,22588,3077],{"class":69},[55,22590,273],{"class":73},[55,22592,3077],{"class":69},[55,22594,2764],{"class":91},[55,22596,3072],{"class":69},[55,22598,9079],{"class":73},[55,22600,3077],{"class":69},[55,22602,3413],{"class":91},[55,22604,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22606,3680],{"class":91},[55,22608,3077],{"class":69},[55,22610,12660],{"class":73},[55,22612,3077],{"class":69},[55,22614,2764],{"class":91},[55,22616,9086],{"class":1210},[55,22618,3413],{"class":91},[55,22620,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22622,21517],{"class":91},[55,22624,3077],{"class":69},[55,22626,273],{"class":73},[55,22628,3077],{"class":69},[55,22630,2764],{"class":91},[55,22632,3072],{"class":69},[55,22634,12660],{"class":73},[55,22636,3077],{"class":69},[55,22638,9013],{"class":91},[55,22640,9016],{"class":91},[55,22642,3077],{"class":69},[55,22644,9079],{"class":73},[55,22646,3077],{"class":69},[55,22648,2764],{"class":91},[55,22650,9086],{"class":1210},[55,22652,9029],{"class":91},[20,22654,22655],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22657,22658,22666,22674],{},[33,22659,22660,22661],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[166,22662,22664],{"href":22663},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22665,16843],{},[33,22667,22668,22669],{},"Need just values? Use ",[166,22670,22672],{"href":22671},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22673,16849],{},[33,22675,22676,22677],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22678,16856],{},[131,22680,4744,22682],{"id":22681},"when-to-use-items",[15,22683,16856],{},[20,22685,22686,22688],{},[15,22687,16856],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,22690,22691,22694,22697,22700,22703],{},[33,22692,22693],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,22695,22696],{},"Building formatted output",[33,22698,22699],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,22701,22702],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,22704,22705],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22707,214],{},[46,22709,22711],{"className":48,"code":22710,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22712,22713,22721,22739,22758,22770,22774,22778,22799],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22714,22715,22717,22719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22716,13605],{"class":61},[55,22718,66],{"class":65},[55,22720,11272],{"class":91},[55,22722,22723,22725,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22724,11277],{"class":69},[55,22726,12275],{"class":73},[55,22728,228],{"class":69},[55,22730,539],{"class":91},[55,22732,70],{"class":69},[55,22734,12284],{"class":73},[55,22736,228],{"class":69},[55,22738,11293],{"class":91},[55,22740,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22754,22756],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22742,11277],{"class":69},[55,22744,19901],{"class":73},[55,22746,228],{"class":69},[55,22748,539],{"class":91},[55,22750,70],{"class":69},[55,22752,22753],{"class":73},"English",[55,22755,228],{"class":69},[55,22757,11293],{"class":91},[55,22759,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,22761,11277],{"class":69},[55,22763,18302],{"class":73},[55,22765,228],{"class":69},[55,22767,539],{"class":91},[55,22769,6208],{"class":3631},[55,22771,22772],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,22773,9089],{"class":91},[55,22775,22776],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,22777,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,22779,22780,22782,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,22781,5743],{"class":487},[55,22783,22784],{"class":61}," setting",[55,22786,2764],{"class":91},[55,22788,21362],{"class":61},[55,22790,3662],{"class":487},[55,22792,13649],{"class":61},[55,22794,92],{"class":91},[55,22796,7594],{"class":95},[55,22798,794],{"class":91},[55,22800,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22814,22816,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,22802,516],{"class":105},[55,22804,109],{"class":91},[55,22806,22070],{"class":1838},[55,22808,228],{"class":73},[55,22810,9058],{"class":1210},[55,22812,22813],{"class":95},"setting",[55,22815,22079],{"class":1210},[55,22817,22818],{"class":73}," = ",[55,22820,9058],{"class":1210},[55,22822,2245],{"class":95},[55,22824,22079],{"class":1210},[55,22826,228],{"class":73},[55,22828,342],{"class":91},[20,22830,22831],{},[123,22832,357],{},[46,22834,22836],{"className":48,"code":22835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22837,22838,22848,22858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22839,22840,22843,22845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22841,22842],{"class":61},"theme ",[55,22844,66],{"class":65},[55,22846,22847],{"class":61}," dark\n",[55,22849,22850,22853,22855],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22851,22852],{"class":61},"language ",[55,22854,66],{"class":65},[55,22856,22857],{"class":61}," English\n",[55,22859,22860,22863,22865],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22861,22862],{"class":61},"notifications ",[55,22864,66],{"class":65},[55,22866,6208],{"class":3631},[131,22868,1001],{"id":1000},[20,22870,22871,22872,92],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22873,16856],{},[1003,22875,22877,22878,22880],{"id":22876},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22879,16856],{}," incorrectly",[20,22882,22883,22884,22886,22887,22890],{},"Each result from ",[15,22885,16856],{}," has ",[123,22888,22889],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22892,6474],{},[46,22894,22895],{"className":48,"code":21308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,22896,22897,22933,22937,22957],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22900,12983],{"class":61},[55,22902,66],{"class":65},[55,22904,10272],{"class":91},[55,22906,228],{"class":69},[55,22908,273],{"class":73},[55,22910,228],{"class":69},[55,22912,539],{"class":91},[55,22914,70],{"class":69},[55,22916,12660],{"class":73},[55,22918,228],{"class":69},[55,22920,2764],{"class":91},[55,22922,70],{"class":69},[55,22924,9079],{"class":73},[55,22926,228],{"class":69},[55,22928,539],{"class":91},[55,22930,9086],{"class":1210},[55,22932,9089],{"class":91},[55,22934,22935],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,22936,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,22938,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,22940,5743],{"class":487},[55,22942,21357],{"class":61},[55,22944,2764],{"class":91},[55,22946,21362],{"class":61},[55,22948,3662],{"class":487},[55,22950,13026],{"class":61},[55,22952,92],{"class":91},[55,22954,7594],{"class":95},[55,22956,794],{"class":91},[55,22958,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,22960,516],{"class":105},[55,22962,109],{"class":91},[55,22964,14621],{"class":95},[55,22966,2764],{"class":91},[55,22968,8215],{"class":95},[55,22970,342],{"class":91},[20,22972,22973],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[46,22975,22977],{"className":48,"code":22976,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22978,22979,23015,23019,23035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22980,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22982,12983],{"class":61},[55,22984,66],{"class":65},[55,22986,10272],{"class":91},[55,22988,228],{"class":69},[55,22990,273],{"class":73},[55,22992,228],{"class":69},[55,22994,539],{"class":91},[55,22996,70],{"class":69},[55,22998,12660],{"class":73},[55,23000,228],{"class":69},[55,23002,2764],{"class":91},[55,23004,70],{"class":69},[55,23006,9079],{"class":73},[55,23008,228],{"class":69},[55,23010,539],{"class":91},[55,23012,9086],{"class":1210},[55,23014,9089],{"class":91},[55,23016,23017],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23018,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,23020,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,23022,5743],{"class":487},[55,23024,17986],{"class":61},[55,23026,3662],{"class":487},[55,23028,13026],{"class":61},[55,23030,92],{"class":91},[55,23032,7594],{"class":95},[55,23034,794],{"class":91},[55,23036,23037,23039,23041,23043],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,23038,516],{"class":105},[55,23040,109],{"class":91},[55,23042,14621],{"class":95},[55,23044,342],{"class":91},[20,23046,23047,23048,23050,23051,23054],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23049,14621],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23052,23053],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23056,23057],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[46,23059,23061],{"className":48,"code":23060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23062,23063,23079],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23064,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23066,5743],{"class":487},[55,23068,5746],{"class":61},[55,23070,3662],{"class":487},[55,23072,13026],{"class":61},[55,23074,92],{"class":91},[55,23076,7594],{"class":95},[55,23078,794],{"class":91},[55,23080,23081,23083,23085,23088],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23082,516],{"class":105},[55,23084,109],{"class":91},[55,23086,23087],{"class":95},"item",[55,23089,342],{"class":91},[20,23091,23092],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[46,23094,23096],{"className":48,"code":23095,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23097,23098,23118],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23099,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23101,5743],{"class":487},[55,23103,21357],{"class":61},[55,23105,2764],{"class":91},[55,23107,21362],{"class":61},[55,23109,3662],{"class":487},[55,23111,13026],{"class":61},[55,23113,92],{"class":91},[55,23115,7594],{"class":95},[55,23117,794],{"class":91},[55,23119,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23121,516],{"class":105},[55,23123,109],{"class":91},[55,23125,14621],{"class":95},[55,23127,2764],{"class":91},[55,23129,8215],{"class":95},[55,23131,342],{"class":91},[1003,23133,8235,23135,23137],{"id":23134},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23136,16856],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23139,23140,451,23142,23144],{},[15,23141,16856],{},[15,23143,21685],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23146,23147],{},"Check it:",[46,23149,23151],{"className":48,"code":23150,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23152,23153,23185,23189,23203,23221],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23154,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23156,11504],{"class":61},[55,23158,66],{"class":65},[55,23160,10272],{"class":91},[55,23162,228],{"class":69},[55,23164,166],{"class":73},[55,23166,228],{"class":69},[55,23168,539],{"class":91},[55,23170,5282],{"class":1210},[55,23172,2764],{"class":91},[55,23174,70],{"class":69},[55,23176,4543],{"class":73},[55,23178,228],{"class":69},[55,23180,539],{"class":91},[55,23182,2767],{"class":1210},[55,23184,9089],{"class":91},[55,23186,23187],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23188,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,23190,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,23192,106],{"class":105},[55,23194,109],{"class":91},[55,23196,11230],{"class":95},[55,23198,92],{"class":91},[55,23200,7594],{"class":95},[55,23202,1087],{"class":91},[55,23204,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,23206,106],{"class":105},[55,23208,109],{"class":91},[55,23210,1266],{"class":1265},[55,23212,109],{"class":91},[55,23214,11230],{"class":95},[55,23216,92],{"class":91},[55,23218,7594],{"class":95},[55,23220,6076],{"class":91},[55,23222,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,23224,106],{"class":105},[55,23226,109],{"class":91},[55,23228,7877],{"class":1265},[55,23230,109],{"class":91},[55,23232,11230],{"class":95},[55,23234,92],{"class":91},[55,23236,7594],{"class":95},[55,23238,6076],{"class":91},[20,23240,23241],{},[123,23242,357],{},[46,23244,23246],{"className":48,"code":23245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23247,23248,23280,23294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23249,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23251,21685],{"class":95},[55,23253,9438],{"class":91},[55,23255,3077],{"class":69},[55,23257,166],{"class":73},[55,23259,3077],{"class":69},[55,23261,2764],{"class":91},[55,23263,5282],{"class":1210},[55,23265,9013],{"class":91},[55,23267,9016],{"class":91},[55,23269,3077],{"class":69},[55,23271,4543],{"class":73},[55,23273,3077],{"class":69},[55,23275,2764],{"class":91},[55,23277,2767],{"class":1210},[55,23279,10460],{"class":91},[55,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23283,3066],{"class":65},[55,23285,3069],{"class":1838},[55,23287,3072],{"class":69},[55,23289,21685],{"class":73},[55,23291,3077],{"class":69},[55,23293,3080],{"class":65},[55,23295,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,23297,21517],{"class":91},[55,23299,3077],{"class":69},[55,23301,166],{"class":73},[55,23303,3077],{"class":69},[55,23305,2764],{"class":91},[55,23307,5282],{"class":1210},[55,23309,9013],{"class":91},[55,23311,9016],{"class":91},[55,23313,3077],{"class":69},[55,23315,4543],{"class":73},[55,23317,3077],{"class":69},[55,23319,2764],{"class":91},[55,23321,2767],{"class":1210},[55,23323,9029],{"class":91},[1003,23325,23327,23328],{"id":23326},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23329,16856],{},[20,23331,23332],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23334,23335],{},"Problem example:",[46,23337,23339],{"className":48,"code":23338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23340,23341,23385,23389,23409,23421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23342,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23344,3395],{"class":61},[55,23346,66],{"class":65},[55,23348,10272],{"class":91},[55,23350,228],{"class":69},[55,23352,166],{"class":73},[55,23354,228],{"class":69},[55,23356,539],{"class":91},[55,23358,5282],{"class":1210},[55,23360,2764],{"class":91},[55,23362,70],{"class":69},[55,23364,4543],{"class":73},[55,23366,228],{"class":69},[55,23368,539],{"class":91},[55,23370,2767],{"class":1210},[55,23372,2764],{"class":91},[55,23374,70],{"class":69},[55,23376,9520],{"class":73},[55,23378,228],{"class":69},[55,23380,539],{"class":91},[55,23382,2223],{"class":1210},[55,23384,9089],{"class":91},[55,23386,23387],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23388,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,23390,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,23392,5743],{"class":487},[55,23394,21357],{"class":61},[55,23396,2764],{"class":91},[55,23398,21362],{"class":61},[55,23400,3662],{"class":487},[55,23402,4045],{"class":61},[55,23404,92],{"class":91},[55,23406,7594],{"class":95},[55,23408,794],{"class":91},[55,23410,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,23412,6184],{"class":487},[55,23414,21362],{"class":61},[55,23416,1326],{"class":65},[55,23418,2767],{"class":1210},[55,23420,511],{"class":91},[55,23422,23423,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,23424,23425],{"class":61},"        numbers",[55,23427,3680],{"class":91},[55,23429,228],{"class":69},[55,23431,18545],{"class":73},[55,23433,228],{"class":69},[55,23435,13052],{"class":91},[55,23437,13055],{"class":65},[55,23439,23440],{"class":1210}," 4\n",[20,23442,23443],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23445,23446],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[46,23448,23450],{"className":48,"code":23449,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23451,23452,23496,23500,23525,23537,23555,23559],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23453,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23455,3395],{"class":61},[55,23457,66],{"class":65},[55,23459,10272],{"class":91},[55,23461,228],{"class":69},[55,23463,166],{"class":73},[55,23465,228],{"class":69},[55,23467,539],{"class":91},[55,23469,5282],{"class":1210},[55,23471,2764],{"class":91},[55,23473,70],{"class":69},[55,23475,4543],{"class":73},[55,23477,228],{"class":69},[55,23479,539],{"class":91},[55,23481,2767],{"class":1210},[55,23483,2764],{"class":91},[55,23485,70],{"class":69},[55,23487,9520],{"class":73},[55,23489,228],{"class":69},[55,23491,539],{"class":91},[55,23493,2223],{"class":1210},[55,23495,9089],{"class":91},[55,23497,23498],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23499,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,23501,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,23503,5743],{"class":487},[55,23505,21357],{"class":61},[55,23507,2764],{"class":91},[55,23509,21362],{"class":61},[55,23511,3662],{"class":487},[55,23513,22336],{"class":1265},[55,23515,109],{"class":91},[55,23517,3427],{"class":95},[55,23519,92],{"class":91},[55,23521,7594],{"class":95},[55,23523,23524],{"class":91},"()):\n",[55,23526,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,23528,6184],{"class":487},[55,23530,21362],{"class":61},[55,23532,1326],{"class":65},[55,23534,2767],{"class":1210},[55,23536,511],{"class":91},[55,23538,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,23540,23425],{"class":61},[55,23542,3680],{"class":91},[55,23544,228],{"class":69},[55,23546,18545],{"class":73},[55,23548,228],{"class":69},[55,23550,13052],{"class":91},[55,23552,13055],{"class":65},[55,23554,23440],{"class":1210},[55,23556,23557],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,23558,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,23560,23561,23563,23565,23567],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,23562,106],{"class":105},[55,23564,109],{"class":91},[55,23566,3427],{"class":95},[55,23568,342],{"class":91},[1003,23570,23572],{"id":23571},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23574,23575],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[46,23577,23579],{"className":48,"code":23578,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23580,23581,23613,23617,23633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23582,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23584,8945],{"class":61},[55,23586,66],{"class":65},[55,23588,10272],{"class":91},[55,23590,228],{"class":69},[55,23592,1947],{"class":73},[55,23594,228],{"class":69},[55,23596,539],{"class":91},[55,23598,5790],{"class":1210},[55,23600,2764],{"class":91},[55,23602,70],{"class":69},[55,23604,11525],{"class":73},[55,23606,228],{"class":69},[55,23608,539],{"class":91},[55,23610,7574],{"class":1210},[55,23612,9089],{"class":91},[55,23614,23615],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23616,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,23618,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,23620,5743],{"class":487},[55,23622,5746],{"class":61},[55,23624,3662],{"class":487},[55,23626,14346],{"class":61},[55,23628,92],{"class":91},[55,23630,7594],{"class":95},[55,23632,794],{"class":91},[55,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,23636,516],{"class":105},[55,23638,109],{"class":91},[55,23640,23087],{"class":95},[55,23642,342],{"class":91},[20,23644,23645],{},[123,23646,357],{},[46,23648,23650],{"className":48,"code":23649,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23651,23652,23668],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23653,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23655,109],{"class":91},[55,23657,3077],{"class":69},[55,23659,1947],{"class":73},[55,23661,3077],{"class":69},[55,23663,2764],{"class":91},[55,23665,5790],{"class":1210},[55,23667,342],{"class":91},[55,23669,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23671,109],{"class":91},[55,23673,3077],{"class":69},[55,23675,11525],{"class":73},[55,23677,3077],{"class":69},[55,23679,2764],{"class":91},[55,23681,7574],{"class":1210},[55,23683,342],{"class":91},[20,23685,23686,23687,23689],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23688,21432],{}," pair.",[131,23691,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,23693,23695,23696,4928],{"id":23694},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23697,16856],{},[20,23699,17198,23700,23702],{},[15,23701,21685],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1003,23704,1581,23706,23708],{"id":23705},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23707,16856],{}," return a list?",[20,23710,23711,23712,23715],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23713,23714],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1003,23717,23719,23720,1631],{"id":23718},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23721,16856],{},[20,23723,23724],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[46,23726,23728],{"className":48,"code":23727,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23729,23730,23750],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23731,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23733,5743],{"class":487},[55,23735,21357],{"class":61},[55,23737,2764],{"class":91},[55,23739,21362],{"class":61},[55,23741,3662],{"class":487},[55,23743,11546],{"class":61},[55,23745,92],{"class":91},[55,23747,7594],{"class":95},[55,23749,794],{"class":91},[55,23751,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23753,516],{"class":105},[55,23755,109],{"class":91},[55,23757,14621],{"class":95},[55,23759,2764],{"class":91},[55,23761,8215],{"class":95},[55,23763,342],{"class":91},[1003,23765,1581,23767,23769],{"id":23766},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23768,16856],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23771,23772],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[131,23774,1643],{"id":1642},[30,23776,23777,23783,23789,23794,23798],{},[33,23778,23779],{},[166,23780,10518,23781,1573],{"href":22663},[15,23782,16843],{},[33,23784,23785],{},[166,23786,10518,23787,1573],{"href":22671},[15,23788,16849],{},[33,23790,23791],{},[166,23792,23793],{"href":22250},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,23795,23796],{},[166,23797,8935],{"href":12803},[33,23799,23800],{},[166,23801,23802],{"href":21555},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1696,23804,23805],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":23807},[23808,23809,23811,23812,23813,23815,23816,23818,23820,23829,23839],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":21415,"depth":80,"text":23810},"What items() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":21746,"depth":80,"text":21747},{"id":21971,"depth":80,"text":23814},"Looping with items()",{"id":22254,"depth":80,"text":22255},{"id":22446,"depth":80,"text":23817},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22681,"depth":80,"text":23819},"When to use items()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":23821},[23822,23824,23826,23828],{"id":22876,"depth":102,"text":23823},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23134,"depth":102,"text":23825},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23326,"depth":102,"text":23827},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23571,"depth":102,"text":23572},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":23830},[23831,23833,23835,23837],{"id":23694,"depth":102,"text":23832},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23705,"depth":102,"text":23834},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23718,"depth":102,"text":23836},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23766,"depth":102,"text":23838},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21284,"description":23840},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23847,"title":23848,"body":23849,"description":25935,"extension":1733,"meta":25936,"navigation":248,"path":22663,"seo":25937,"stem":25938,"__hash__":25939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23850,"toc":25901},[23851,23856,23862,23864,23875,23882,23884,23967,23971,24018,24023,24028,24033,24035,24051,24053,24152,24156,24213,24216,24218,24221,24314,24318,24381,24383,24399,24404,24406,24408,24423,24425,24436,24438,24481,24484,24527,24530,24532,24539,24542,24559,24561,24654,24658,24699,24711,24715,24718,24806,24810,24830,24833,24860,24867,24872,24876,24887,24889,24993,24997,25023,25026,25093,25098,25101,25124,25129,25133,25138,25144,25149,25151,25206,25210,25237,25244,25250,25253,25278,25284,25310,25313,25388,25395,25400,25402,25441,25459,25461,25464,25507,25510,25512,25531,25533,25538,25563,25566,25636,25639,25712,25716,25718,25779,25782,25798,25800,25805,25810,25817,25826,25832,25838,25845,25851,25855,25860,25862,25898],[10,23852,11099,23854,18],{"id":23853},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23855,16843],{},[20,23857,23858,23859,23861],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23860,16843],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23863,28],{},[30,23865,23866,23869,23872],{},[33,23867,23868],{},"view the available keys",[33,23870,23871],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,23873,23874],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23876,23877,23879,23880,92],{},[15,23878,16843],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23881,16792],{},[131,23883,1775],{"id":1774},[46,23885,23887],{"className":48,"code":23886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23888,23889,23925,23939,23943,23953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23890,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23892,12643],{"class":61},[55,23894,66],{"class":65},[55,23896,10272],{"class":91},[55,23898,228],{"class":69},[55,23900,273],{"class":73},[55,23902,228],{"class":69},[55,23904,539],{"class":91},[55,23906,70],{"class":69},[55,23908,12660],{"class":73},[55,23910,228],{"class":69},[55,23912,2764],{"class":91},[55,23914,70],{"class":69},[55,23916,9079],{"class":73},[55,23918,228],{"class":69},[55,23920,539],{"class":91},[55,23922,7574],{"class":1210},[55,23924,9089],{"class":91},[55,23926,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,23928,17020],{"class":61},[55,23930,66],{"class":65},[55,23932,12686],{"class":61},[55,23934,92],{"class":91},[55,23936,16701],{"class":95},[55,23938,99],{"class":91},[55,23940,23941],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,23942,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,23944,23945,23947,23949,23951],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,23946,106],{"class":105},[55,23948,109],{"class":91},[55,23950,16701],{"class":95},[55,23952,342],{"class":91},[55,23954,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,23956,106],{"class":105},[55,23958,109],{"class":91},[55,23960,7877],{"class":1265},[55,23962,109],{"class":91},[55,23964,16701],{"class":95},[55,23966,1273],{"class":91},[20,23968,23969],{},[123,23970,357],{},[46,23972,23974],{"className":48,"code":23973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23975,23976,23998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23977,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23979,16792],{"class":95},[55,23981,2758],{"class":91},[55,23983,3077],{"class":69},[55,23985,273],{"class":73},[55,23987,3077],{"class":69},[55,23989,2764],{"class":91},[55,23991,3072],{"class":69},[55,23993,9079],{"class":73},[55,23995,3077],{"class":69},[55,23997,3668],{"class":91},[55,23999,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24001,3680],{"class":91},[55,24003,3077],{"class":69},[55,24005,273],{"class":73},[55,24007,3077],{"class":69},[55,24009,2764],{"class":91},[55,24011,3072],{"class":69},[55,24013,9079],{"class":73},[55,24015,3077],{"class":69},[55,24017,3413],{"class":91},[20,24019,1866,24020,24022],{},[15,24021,16843],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[131,24024,134,24026,137],{"id":24025},"what-keys-does",[15,24027,16843],{},[20,24029,24030,24032],{},[15,24031,16843],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24034,11239],{},[30,24036,24037,24040,24043,24048],{},[33,24038,24039],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,24041,24042],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,24044,17198,24045,24047],{},[15,24046,16792],{}," view object, not a list",[33,24049,24050],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24052,214],{},[46,24054,24056],{"className":48,"code":24055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24057,24058,24094,24098,24112,24116,24138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24059,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24061,12983],{"class":61},[55,24063,66],{"class":65},[55,24065,10272],{"class":91},[55,24067,228],{"class":69},[55,24069,273],{"class":73},[55,24071,228],{"class":69},[55,24073,539],{"class":91},[55,24075,70],{"class":69},[55,24077,13000],{"class":73},[55,24079,228],{"class":69},[55,24081,2764],{"class":91},[55,24083,70],{"class":69},[55,24085,9079],{"class":73},[55,24087,228],{"class":69},[55,24089,539],{"class":91},[55,24091,9086],{"class":1210},[55,24093,9089],{"class":91},[55,24095,24096],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24097,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,24099,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,24101,106],{"class":105},[55,24103,109],{"class":91},[55,24105,17085],{"class":95},[55,24107,92],{"class":91},[55,24109,16701],{"class":95},[55,24111,1087],{"class":91},[55,24113,24114],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,24115,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,24117,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,24119,17085],{"class":61},[55,24121,3680],{"class":91},[55,24123,228],{"class":69},[55,24125,10190],{"class":73},[55,24127,228],{"class":69},[55,24129,13052],{"class":91},[55,24131,13055],{"class":65},[55,24133,70],{"class":69},[55,24135,10197],{"class":73},[55,24137,77],{"class":69},[55,24139,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,24141,106],{"class":105},[55,24143,109],{"class":91},[55,24145,17085],{"class":95},[55,24147,92],{"class":91},[55,24149,16701],{"class":95},[55,24151,1087],{"class":91},[20,24153,24154],{},[123,24155,357],{},[46,24157,24159],{"className":48,"code":24158,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24160,24161,24183],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24162,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24164,16792],{"class":95},[55,24166,2758],{"class":91},[55,24168,3077],{"class":69},[55,24170,273],{"class":73},[55,24172,3077],{"class":69},[55,24174,2764],{"class":91},[55,24176,3072],{"class":69},[55,24178,9079],{"class":73},[55,24180,3077],{"class":69},[55,24182,3668],{"class":91},[55,24184,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24186,16792],{"class":95},[55,24188,2758],{"class":91},[55,24190,3077],{"class":69},[55,24192,273],{"class":73},[55,24194,3077],{"class":69},[55,24196,2764],{"class":91},[55,24198,3072],{"class":69},[55,24200,9079],{"class":73},[55,24202,3077],{"class":69},[55,24204,2764],{"class":91},[55,24206,3072],{"class":69},[55,24208,10190],{"class":73},[55,24210,3077],{"class":69},[55,24212,3668],{"class":91},[20,24214,24215],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[131,24217,5572],{"id":5571},[20,24219,24220],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[46,24222,24224],{"className":48,"code":24223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24225,24226,24278,24282,24296],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24227,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24229,8945],{"class":61},[55,24231,66],{"class":65},[55,24233,10272],{"class":91},[55,24235,228],{"class":69},[55,24237,273],{"class":73},[55,24239,228],{"class":69},[55,24241,539],{"class":91},[55,24243,70],{"class":69},[55,24245,12660],{"class":73},[55,24247,228],{"class":69},[55,24249,2764],{"class":91},[55,24251,70],{"class":69},[55,24253,9079],{"class":73},[55,24255,228],{"class":69},[55,24257,539],{"class":91},[55,24259,7574],{"class":1210},[55,24261,2764],{"class":91},[55,24263,70],{"class":69},[55,24265,19669],{"class":73},[55,24267,228],{"class":69},[55,24269,539],{"class":91},[55,24271,70],{"class":69},[55,24273,22021],{"class":73},[55,24275,228],{"class":69},[55,24277,9089],{"class":91},[55,24279,24280],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24281,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,24283,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,24285,106],{"class":105},[55,24287,109],{"class":91},[55,24289,8984],{"class":95},[55,24291,92],{"class":91},[55,24293,16701],{"class":95},[55,24295,1087],{"class":91},[55,24297,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,24299,106],{"class":105},[55,24301,109],{"class":91},[55,24303,7877],{"class":1265},[55,24305,109],{"class":91},[55,24307,8984],{"class":95},[55,24309,92],{"class":91},[55,24311,16701],{"class":95},[55,24313,6076],{"class":91},[20,24315,24316],{},[123,24317,357],{},[46,24319,24321],{"className":48,"code":24320,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24322,24323,24353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24324,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24326,16792],{"class":95},[55,24328,2758],{"class":91},[55,24330,3077],{"class":69},[55,24332,273],{"class":73},[55,24334,3077],{"class":69},[55,24336,2764],{"class":91},[55,24338,3072],{"class":69},[55,24340,9079],{"class":73},[55,24342,3077],{"class":69},[55,24344,2764],{"class":91},[55,24346,3072],{"class":69},[55,24348,19669],{"class":73},[55,24350,3077],{"class":69},[55,24352,3668],{"class":91},[55,24354,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24356,3680],{"class":91},[55,24358,3077],{"class":69},[55,24360,273],{"class":73},[55,24362,3077],{"class":69},[55,24364,2764],{"class":91},[55,24366,3072],{"class":69},[55,24368,9079],{"class":73},[55,24370,3077],{"class":69},[55,24372,2764],{"class":91},[55,24374,3072],{"class":69},[55,24376,19669],{"class":73},[55,24378,3077],{"class":69},[55,24380,3413],{"class":91},[20,24382,379],{},[30,24384,24385,24393],{},[33,24386,24387,451,24390,24392],{},[15,24388,24389],{},"data.keys()",[15,24391,16792],{}," object",[33,24394,24395,24398],{},[15,24396,24397],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24400,8931,24401,92],{},[166,24402,24403],{"href":9171},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[131,24405,5215],{"id":5214},[20,24407,181],{},[46,24409,24411],{"className":48,"code":24410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24412,24413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24414,24415,24417,24419,24421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24416,11230],{"class":61},[55,24418,92],{"class":91},[55,24420,16701],{"class":95},[55,24422,99],{"class":91},[20,24424,21577],{},[30,24426,24427,24430,24433],{},[33,24428,24429],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24431,24432],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24434,24435],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24437,1055],{},[46,24439,24441],{"className":48,"code":24440,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24442,24443,24467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24444,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24446,12643],{"class":61},[55,24448,66],{"class":65},[55,24450,10272],{"class":91},[55,24452,228],{"class":69},[55,24454,273],{"class":73},[55,24456,228],{"class":69},[55,24458,539],{"class":91},[55,24460,70],{"class":69},[55,24462,12660],{"class":73},[55,24464,228],{"class":69},[55,24466,9089],{"class":91},[55,24468,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24470,106],{"class":105},[55,24472,109],{"class":91},[55,24474,13405],{"class":95},[55,24476,92],{"class":91},[55,24478,16701],{"class":95},[55,24480,1087],{"class":91},[20,24482,24483],{},"Incorrect:",[46,24485,24487],{"className":48,"code":24486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24488,24489,24513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24490,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24492,12643],{"class":61},[55,24494,66],{"class":65},[55,24496,10272],{"class":91},[55,24498,228],{"class":69},[55,24500,273],{"class":73},[55,24502,228],{"class":69},[55,24504,539],{"class":91},[55,24506,70],{"class":69},[55,24508,12660],{"class":73},[55,24510,228],{"class":69},[55,24512,9089],{"class":91},[55,24514,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24516,106],{"class":105},[55,24518,109],{"class":91},[55,24520,13405],{"class":95},[55,24522,92],{"class":91},[55,24524,16701],{"class":1047},[55,24526,342],{"class":91},[20,24528,24529],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[131,24531,446],{"id":445},[20,24533,24534,451,24536,24538],{},[15,24535,16843],{},[15,24537,16792],{}," object.",[20,24540,24541],{},"This object:",[30,24543,24544,24547,24550,24556],{},[33,24545,24546],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24548,24549],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24551,24552,24553],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24554,24555],{},"list()",[33,24557,24558],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24560,214],{},[46,24562,24564],{"className":48,"code":24563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24565,24566,24607,24611,24626,24630,24640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24567,24568,24571,24573,24575,24577,24580,24582,24584,24586,24589,24591,24593,24595,24598,24600,24602,24605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24569,24570],{"class":61},"car ",[55,24572,66],{"class":65},[55,24574,10272],{"class":91},[55,24576,228],{"class":69},[55,24578,24579],{"class":73},"brand",[55,24581,228],{"class":69},[55,24583,539],{"class":91},[55,24585,70],{"class":69},[55,24587,24588],{"class":73},"Toyota",[55,24590,228],{"class":69},[55,24592,2764],{"class":91},[55,24594,70],{"class":69},[55,24596,24597],{"class":73},"year",[55,24599,228],{"class":69},[55,24601,539],{"class":91},[55,24603,24604],{"class":1210}," 2020",[55,24606,9089],{"class":91},[55,24608,24609],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24610,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,24612,24613,24615,24617,24620,24622,24624],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,24614,83],{"class":61},[55,24616,66],{"class":65},[55,24618,24619],{"class":61}," car",[55,24621,92],{"class":91},[55,24623,16701],{"class":95},[55,24625,99],{"class":91},[55,24627,24628],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,24629,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,24631,24632,24634,24636,24638],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,24633,106],{"class":105},[55,24635,109],{"class":91},[55,24637,112],{"class":95},[55,24639,342],{"class":91},[55,24641,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,24643,106],{"class":105},[55,24645,109],{"class":91},[55,24647,1266],{"class":1265},[55,24649,109],{"class":91},[55,24651,112],{"class":95},[55,24653,1273],{"class":91},[20,24655,24656],{},[123,24657,357],{},[46,24659,24661],{"className":48,"code":24660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24662,24663,24685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24664,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24666,16792],{"class":95},[55,24668,2758],{"class":91},[55,24670,3077],{"class":69},[55,24672,24579],{"class":73},[55,24674,3077],{"class":69},[55,24676,2764],{"class":91},[55,24678,3072],{"class":69},[55,24680,24597],{"class":73},[55,24682,3077],{"class":69},[55,24684,3668],{"class":91},[55,24686,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24688,3066],{"class":65},[55,24690,3069],{"class":1838},[55,24692,3072],{"class":69},[55,24694,16792],{"class":73},[55,24696,3077],{"class":69},[55,24698,3080],{"class":65},[20,24700,24701,24702,24706,24707,92],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[166,24703,10518,24704,1573],{"href":16846},[15,24705,16849],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[166,24708,10518,24709,1573],{"href":16853},[15,24710,16856],{},[131,24712,24714],{"id":24713},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24716,24717],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[46,24719,24721],{"className":48,"code":24720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24722,24723,24776,24780,24796],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24724,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24772,24774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24726,12643],{"class":61},[55,24728,66],{"class":65},[55,24730,10272],{"class":91},[55,24732,228],{"class":69},[55,24734,273],{"class":73},[55,24736,228],{"class":69},[55,24738,539],{"class":91},[55,24740,70],{"class":69},[55,24742,12660],{"class":73},[55,24744,228],{"class":69},[55,24746,2764],{"class":91},[55,24748,70],{"class":69},[55,24750,9079],{"class":73},[55,24752,228],{"class":69},[55,24754,539],{"class":91},[55,24756,7574],{"class":1210},[55,24758,2764],{"class":91},[55,24760,70],{"class":69},[55,24762,15109],{"class":73},[55,24764,228],{"class":69},[55,24766,539],{"class":91},[55,24768,70],{"class":69},[55,24770,24771],{"class":73},"Math",[55,24773,228],{"class":69},[55,24775,9089],{"class":91},[55,24777,24778],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24779,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,24781,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,24783,5743],{"class":487},[55,24785,17986],{"class":61},[55,24787,3662],{"class":487},[55,24789,12686],{"class":61},[55,24791,92],{"class":91},[55,24793,16701],{"class":95},[55,24795,794],{"class":91},[55,24797,24798,24800,24802,24804],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,24799,516],{"class":105},[55,24801,109],{"class":91},[55,24803,14621],{"class":95},[55,24805,342],{"class":91},[20,24807,24808],{},[123,24809,357],{},[46,24811,24813],{"className":48,"code":24812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24814,24815,24820,24825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24816,24817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24818,24819],{"class":61},"name\n",[55,24821,24822],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24823,24824],{"class":61},"age\n",[55,24826,24827],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,24828,24829],{"class":61},"course\n",[20,24831,24832],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[46,24834,24836],{"className":48,"code":24835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24837,24838,24850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24839,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24841,5743],{"class":487},[55,24843,17986],{"class":61},[55,24845,3662],{"class":487},[55,24847,12686],{"class":61},[55,24849,511],{"class":91},[55,24851,24852,24854,24856,24858],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24853,516],{"class":105},[55,24855,109],{"class":91},[55,24857,14621],{"class":95},[55,24859,342],{"class":91},[20,24861,24862,24863,24866],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24864,24865],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[131,24868,4744,24870],{"id":24869},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24871,16843],{},[20,24873,1866,24874,10382],{},[15,24875,16843],{},[30,24877,24878,24881,24884],{},[33,24879,24880],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,24882,24883],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,24885,24886],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24888,214],{},[46,24890,24892],{"className":48,"code":24891,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24893,24894,24947,24951,24966,24983],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24895,24896,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24916,24918,24920,24922,24925,24927,24929,24932,24934,24936,24939,24941,24943,24945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24897,24898],{"class":61},"product ",[55,24900,66],{"class":65},[55,24902,10272],{"class":91},[55,24904,228],{"class":69},[55,24906,273],{"class":73},[55,24908,228],{"class":69},[55,24910,539],{"class":91},[55,24912,70],{"class":69},[55,24914,24915],{"class":73},"Book",[55,24917,228],{"class":69},[55,24919,2764],{"class":91},[55,24921,70],{"class":69},[55,24923,24924],{"class":73},"price",[55,24926,228],{"class":69},[55,24928,539],{"class":91},[55,24930,24931],{"class":1210}," 12.99",[55,24933,2764],{"class":91},[55,24935,70],{"class":69},[55,24937,24938],{"class":73},"stock",[55,24940,228],{"class":69},[55,24942,539],{"class":91},[55,24944,4388],{"class":1210},[55,24946,9089],{"class":91},[55,24948,24949],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,24950,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,24952,24953,24955,24957,24959,24962,24964],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,24954,106],{"class":105},[55,24956,109],{"class":91},[55,24958,228],{"class":69},[55,24960,24961],{"class":73},"Available fields:",[55,24963,228],{"class":69},[55,24965,342],{"class":91},[55,24967,24968,24970,24972,24974,24977,24979,24981],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,24969,5743],{"class":487},[55,24971,17986],{"class":61},[55,24973,3662],{"class":487},[55,24975,24976],{"class":61}," product",[55,24978,92],{"class":91},[55,24980,16701],{"class":95},[55,24982,794],{"class":91},[55,24984,24985,24987,24989,24991],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,24986,516],{"class":105},[55,24988,109],{"class":91},[55,24990,14621],{"class":95},[55,24992,342],{"class":91},[20,24994,24995],{},[123,24996,357],{},[46,24998,25000],{"className":48,"code":24999,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25001,25002,25009,25013,25018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25003,25004,25007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25005,25006],{"class":61},"Available fields",[55,25008,511],{"class":91},[55,25010,25011],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25012,24819],{"class":61},[55,25014,25015],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,25016,25017],{"class":61},"price\n",[55,25019,25020],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,25021,25022],{"class":61},"stock\n",[20,25024,25025],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[46,25027,25029],{"className":48,"code":25028,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25030,25031,25067,25071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25032,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25034,24898],{"class":61},[55,25036,66],{"class":65},[55,25038,10272],{"class":91},[55,25040,228],{"class":69},[55,25042,273],{"class":73},[55,25044,228],{"class":69},[55,25046,539],{"class":91},[55,25048,70],{"class":69},[55,25050,24915],{"class":73},[55,25052,228],{"class":69},[55,25054,2764],{"class":91},[55,25056,70],{"class":69},[55,25058,24924],{"class":73},[55,25060,228],{"class":69},[55,25062,539],{"class":91},[55,25064,24931],{"class":1210},[55,25066,9089],{"class":91},[55,25068,25069],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25070,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,25072,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,25074,106],{"class":105},[55,25076,109],{"class":91},[55,25078,228],{"class":69},[55,25080,273],{"class":73},[55,25082,228],{"class":69},[55,25084,784],{"class":487},[55,25086,24976],{"class":95},[55,25088,92],{"class":91},[55,25090,16701],{"class":95},[55,25092,1087],{"class":91},[20,25094,25095,25096,92],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25097,3380],{},[20,25099,25100],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[46,25102,25104],{"className":48,"code":25103,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25105,25106],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25107,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25109,106],{"class":105},[55,25111,109],{"class":91},[55,25113,228],{"class":69},[55,25115,273],{"class":73},[55,25117,228],{"class":69},[55,25119,784],{"class":487},[55,25121,24976],{"class":95},[55,25123,342],{"class":91},[20,25125,25126,25127,92],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[166,25128,20984],{"href":16931},[131,25130,25132],{"id":25131},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25134,25135,25136,92],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25137,16843],{},[1003,25139,8235,25141,25143],{"id":25140},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25142,16843],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25145,25146,25148],{},[15,25147,16843],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25150,214],{},[46,25152,25154],{"className":48,"code":25153,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25155,25156,25192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25157,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25159,8945],{"class":61},[55,25161,66],{"class":65},[55,25163,10272],{"class":91},[55,25165,228],{"class":69},[55,25167,273],{"class":73},[55,25169,228],{"class":69},[55,25171,539],{"class":91},[55,25173,70],{"class":69},[55,25175,12660],{"class":73},[55,25177,228],{"class":69},[55,25179,2764],{"class":91},[55,25181,70],{"class":69},[55,25183,9079],{"class":73},[55,25185,228],{"class":69},[55,25187,539],{"class":91},[55,25189,7574],{"class":1210},[55,25191,9089],{"class":91},[55,25193,25194,25196,25198,25200,25202,25204],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25195,106],{"class":105},[55,25197,109],{"class":91},[55,25199,8984],{"class":95},[55,25201,92],{"class":91},[55,25203,16701],{"class":95},[55,25205,1087],{"class":91},[20,25207,25208],{},[123,25209,357],{},[46,25211,25213],{"className":48,"code":25212,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25214,25215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25216,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25218,16792],{"class":95},[55,25220,2758],{"class":91},[55,25222,3077],{"class":69},[55,25224,273],{"class":73},[55,25226,3077],{"class":69},[55,25228,2764],{"class":91},[55,25230,3072],{"class":69},[55,25232,9079],{"class":73},[55,25234,3077],{"class":69},[55,25236,3668],{"class":91},[20,25238,25239,25240,92],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[166,25241,25242],{"href":16853},[15,25243,16856],{},[1003,25245,25247,25248],{"id":25246},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25249,16792],{},[20,25251,25252],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[46,25254,25256],{"className":48,"code":25255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25257,25258],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25259,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25261,3680],{"class":91},[55,25263,3077],{"class":69},[55,25265,273],{"class":73},[55,25267,3077],{"class":69},[55,25269,2764],{"class":91},[55,25271,3072],{"class":69},[55,25273,9079],{"class":73},[55,25275,3077],{"class":69},[55,25277,3413],{"class":91},[20,25279,25280,25281,25283],{},"But ",[15,25282,16843],{}," returns:",[46,25285,25286],{"className":48,"code":25212,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,25287,25288],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25289,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25291,16792],{"class":95},[55,25293,2758],{"class":91},[55,25295,3077],{"class":69},[55,25297,273],{"class":73},[55,25299,3077],{"class":69},[55,25301,2764],{"class":91},[55,25303,3072],{"class":69},[55,25305,9079],{"class":73},[55,25307,3077],{"class":69},[55,25309,3668],{"class":91},[20,25311,25312],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[46,25314,25316],{"className":48,"code":25315,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25317,25318,25354,25373,25377],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25319,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25321,8945],{"class":61},[55,25323,66],{"class":65},[55,25325,10272],{"class":91},[55,25327,228],{"class":69},[55,25329,273],{"class":73},[55,25331,228],{"class":69},[55,25333,539],{"class":91},[55,25335,70],{"class":69},[55,25337,12660],{"class":73},[55,25339,228],{"class":69},[55,25341,2764],{"class":91},[55,25343,70],{"class":69},[55,25345,9079],{"class":73},[55,25347,228],{"class":69},[55,25349,539],{"class":91},[55,25351,7574],{"class":1210},[55,25353,9089],{"class":91},[55,25355,25356,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25357,25358],{"class":61},"key_list ",[55,25360,66],{"class":65},[55,25362,22336],{"class":1265},[55,25364,109],{"class":91},[55,25366,8984],{"class":95},[55,25368,92],{"class":91},[55,25370,16701],{"class":95},[55,25372,1087],{"class":91},[55,25374,25375],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,25376,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,25378,25379,25381,25383,25386],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,25380,106],{"class":105},[55,25382,109],{"class":91},[55,25384,25385],{"class":95},"key_list",[55,25387,342],{"class":91},[1003,25389,25391,25392,25394],{"id":25390},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25393,16843],{}," on a list or string",[20,25396,25397,25399],{},[15,25398,16843],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25401,2609],{},[46,25403,25405],{"className":48,"code":25404,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25406,25407,25427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25408,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25410,3395],{"class":61},[55,25412,66],{"class":65},[55,25414,3400],{"class":91},[55,25416,2761],{"class":1210},[55,25418,2764],{"class":91},[55,25420,2767],{"class":1210},[55,25422,2764],{"class":91},[55,25424,2223],{"class":1210},[55,25426,3413],{"class":91},[55,25428,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25430,106],{"class":105},[55,25432,109],{"class":91},[55,25434,3427],{"class":95},[55,25436,92],{"class":91},[55,25438,16701],{"class":95},[55,25440,1087],{"class":91},[20,25442,25443,25444,25447,25448,25450,25451,92],{},"You may get an ",[15,25445,25446],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25449,16843],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[166,25452,25454,25455,25458],{"href":25453},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25456,25457],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1003,25460,1006],{"id":1005},[20,25462,25463],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[46,25465,25467],{"className":48,"code":25466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25468,25469,25493],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25470,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25472,8945],{"class":61},[55,25474,66],{"class":65},[55,25476,10272],{"class":91},[55,25478,228],{"class":69},[55,25480,273],{"class":73},[55,25482,228],{"class":69},[55,25484,539],{"class":91},[55,25486,70],{"class":69},[55,25488,12660],{"class":73},[55,25490,228],{"class":69},[55,25492,9089],{"class":91},[55,25494,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25496,106],{"class":105},[55,25498,109],{"class":91},[55,25500,8984],{"class":95},[55,25502,92],{"class":91},[55,25504,16701],{"class":1047},[55,25506,342],{"class":91},[20,25508,25509],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25511,18472],{},[46,25513,25515],{"className":48,"code":25514,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25516,25517],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25518,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25520,106],{"class":105},[55,25522,109],{"class":91},[55,25524,8984],{"class":95},[55,25526,92],{"class":91},[55,25528,16701],{"class":95},[55,25530,1087],{"class":91},[131,25532,1001],{"id":1000},[20,25534,25535,25536,539],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25537,16843],{},[30,25539,25540,25545,25551,25557],{},[33,25541,1185,25542,25544],{},[15,25543,16843],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25546,25547,25548,25550],{},"Thinking ",[15,25549,16843],{}," returns values too",[33,25552,25553,25554,25556],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25555,16792],{}," like a normal list",[33,25558,25559,25560,25562],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25561,16792],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25564,25565],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[46,25567,25569],{"className":48,"code":25568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25570,25571,25603,25617,25621,25631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25572,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25574,8945],{"class":61},[55,25576,66],{"class":65},[55,25578,10272],{"class":91},[55,25580,228],{"class":69},[55,25582,166],{"class":73},[55,25584,228],{"class":69},[55,25586,539],{"class":91},[55,25588,5282],{"class":1210},[55,25590,2764],{"class":91},[55,25592,70],{"class":69},[55,25594,4543],{"class":73},[55,25596,228],{"class":69},[55,25598,539],{"class":91},[55,25600,2767],{"class":1210},[55,25602,9089],{"class":91},[55,25604,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25606,17020],{"class":61},[55,25608,66],{"class":65},[55,25610,14346],{"class":61},[55,25612,92],{"class":91},[55,25614,16701],{"class":95},[55,25616,99],{"class":91},[55,25618,25619],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,25620,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,25622,25623,25625,25627,25629],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,25624,106],{"class":105},[55,25626,109],{"class":91},[55,25628,16701],{"class":95},[55,25630,342],{"class":91},[55,25632,25633],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,25634,25635],{"class":118},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25637,25638],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[46,25640,25642],{"className":48,"code":25641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25643,25644,25676,25694,25698],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25645,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25647,8945],{"class":61},[55,25649,66],{"class":65},[55,25651,10272],{"class":91},[55,25653,228],{"class":69},[55,25655,166],{"class":73},[55,25657,228],{"class":69},[55,25659,539],{"class":91},[55,25661,5282],{"class":1210},[55,25663,2764],{"class":91},[55,25665,70],{"class":69},[55,25667,4543],{"class":73},[55,25669,228],{"class":69},[55,25671,539],{"class":91},[55,25673,2767],{"class":1210},[55,25675,9089],{"class":91},[55,25677,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25679,17020],{"class":61},[55,25681,66],{"class":65},[55,25683,22336],{"class":1265},[55,25685,109],{"class":91},[55,25687,8984],{"class":95},[55,25689,92],{"class":91},[55,25691,16701],{"class":95},[55,25693,1087],{"class":91},[55,25695,25696],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,25697,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,25699,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,25701,106],{"class":105},[55,25703,109],{"class":91},[55,25705,16701],{"class":95},[55,25707,3680],{"class":91},[55,25709,1894],{"class":1210},[55,25711,3668],{"class":91},[131,25713,25715],{"id":25714},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25717,10893],{},[46,25719,25721],{"className":48,"code":25720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25722,25723,25737,25747,25761],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25724,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25726,106],{"class":105},[55,25728,109],{"class":91},[55,25730,1266],{"class":1265},[55,25732,109],{"class":91},[55,25734,11230],{"class":95},[55,25736,1273],{"class":91},[55,25738,25739,25741,25743,25745],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,25740,106],{"class":105},[55,25742,109],{"class":91},[55,25744,11230],{"class":95},[55,25746,342],{"class":91},[55,25748,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,25750,106],{"class":105},[55,25752,109],{"class":91},[55,25754,11230],{"class":95},[55,25756,92],{"class":91},[55,25758,16701],{"class":95},[55,25760,1087],{"class":91},[55,25762,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,25764,106],{"class":105},[55,25766,109],{"class":91},[55,25768,7877],{"class":1265},[55,25770,109],{"class":91},[55,25772,11230],{"class":95},[55,25774,92],{"class":91},[55,25776,16701],{"class":95},[55,25778,6076],{"class":91},[20,25780,25781],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,25783,25784,25787,25790,25795],{},[33,25785,25786],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,25788,25789],{},"what data it contains",[33,25791,25792,25793,11485],{},"what ",[15,25794,16843],{},[33,25796,25797],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[131,25799,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,25801,23695,25803,4928],{"id":25802},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25804,16843],{},[20,25806,17198,25807,25809],{},[15,25808,16792],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1003,25811,14683,25813,25816],{"id":25812},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25814,25815],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25818,25819,25820,25822,25823,92],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25821,16792],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25824,25825],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1003,25827,25829,25830,1631],{"id":25828},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25831,25815],{},[20,25833,25834,25835,25837],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25836,5743],{}," loop.",[1003,25839,25841,25842,25844],{"id":25840},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25843,16843],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25846,25847,25848,25850],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25849,16843],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1003,25852,25854],{"id":25853},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25856,1866,25857,92],{},[15,25858,25859],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[131,25861,1643],{"id":1642},[30,25863,25864,25869,25875,25881,25887,25891],{},[33,25865,25866],{},[166,25867,25868],{"href":9171},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,25870,25871],{},[166,25872,10518,25873,1573],{"href":16846},[15,25874,16849],{},[33,25876,25877],{},[166,25878,10518,25879,1573],{"href":16853},[15,25880,16856],{},[33,25882,25883],{},[166,25884,25886],{"href":25885},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,25888,25889],{},[166,25890,16932],{"href":16931},[33,25892,25893],{},[166,25894,25895,25896,25458],{"href":25453},"How to fix ",[15,25897,25457],{},[1696,25899,25900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":25902},[25903,25904,25906,25907,25908,25909,25910,25912,25921,25922,25923,25934],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":24025,"depth":80,"text":25905},"What keys() does",{"id":5571,"depth":80,"text":5572},{"id":5214,"depth":80,"text":5215},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":24713,"depth":80,"text":24714},{"id":24869,"depth":80,"text":25911},"When to use keys()",{"id":25131,"depth":80,"text":25132,"children":25913},[25914,25916,25918,25920],{"id":25140,"depth":102,"text":25915},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25246,"depth":102,"text":25917},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25390,"depth":102,"text":25919},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":1005,"depth":102,"text":1006},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":25714,"depth":80,"text":25715},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":25924},[25925,25927,25929,25931,25933],{"id":25802,"depth":102,"text":25926},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25812,"depth":102,"text":25928},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25828,"depth":102,"text":25930},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25840,"depth":102,"text":25932},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25853,"depth":102,"text":25854},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23848,"description":25935},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25941,"title":25942,"body":25943,"description":28214,"extension":1733,"meta":28215,"navigation":248,"path":28216,"seo":28217,"stem":28218,"__hash__":28219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25944,"toc":28167},[25945,25950,25955,25958,25960,26106,26119,26124,26128,26142,26144,26247,26256,26258,26261,26299,26324,26326,26433,26435,26442,26445,26453,26455,26596,26604,26609,26613,26624,26626,26788,26791,26799,26806,26812,26909,26915,26992,26995,27007,27012,27018,27021,27025,27114,27117,27121,27224,27231,27318,27327,27329,27334,27340,27343,27389,27392,27458,27467,27473,27566,27572,27578,27621,27624,27689,27695,27787,27790,27794,27800,27825,27828,27924,27931,27933,27938,28029,28031,28059,28064,28066,28073,28076,28080,28090,28095,28098,28104,28114,28121,28129,28131,28164],[10,25946,11099,25948,18],{"id":25947},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25949,12542],{},[20,25951,25952,25954],{},[15,25953,12350],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25956,25957],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[131,25959,3385],{"id":3384},[46,25961,25963],{"className":48,"code":25962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25964,25965,26001,26025,26039,26052,26056,26061,26093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25966,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25968,12983],{"class":61},[55,25970,66],{"class":65},[55,25972,10272],{"class":91},[55,25974,228],{"class":69},[55,25976,273],{"class":73},[55,25978,228],{"class":69},[55,25980,539],{"class":91},[55,25982,70],{"class":69},[55,25984,12660],{"class":73},[55,25986,228],{"class":69},[55,25988,2764],{"class":91},[55,25990,70],{"class":69},[55,25992,9079],{"class":73},[55,25994,228],{"class":69},[55,25996,539],{"class":91},[55,25998,9086],{"class":1210},[55,26000,9089],{"class":91},[55,26002,26003,26006,26008,26010,26012,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26004,26005],{"class":61},"removed_age ",[55,26007,66],{"class":65},[55,26009,13026],{"class":61},[55,26011,92],{"class":91},[55,26013,26014],{"class":95},"pop",[55,26016,109],{"class":91},[55,26018,228],{"class":69},[55,26020,9079],{"class":73},[55,26022,228],{"class":69},[55,26024,342],{"class":91},[55,26026,26027,26029,26031,26034,26036],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,26028,106],{"class":105},[55,26030,109],{"class":91},[55,26032,26033],{"class":95},"removed_age",[55,26035,115],{"class":91},[55,26037,26038],{"class":118},"   # 25\n",[55,26040,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,26042,106],{"class":105},[55,26044,109],{"class":91},[55,26046,17085],{"class":95},[55,26048,115],{"class":91},[55,26050,26051],{"class":118},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[55,26053,26054],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,26055,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26057,26058],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,26059,26060],{"class":118},"# Safe version with default value\n",[55,26062,26063,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26089,26091],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,26064,26065],{"class":61},"country ",[55,26067,66],{"class":65},[55,26069,13026],{"class":61},[55,26071,92],{"class":91},[55,26073,26014],{"class":95},[55,26075,109],{"class":91},[55,26077,228],{"class":69},[55,26079,15042],{"class":73},[55,26081,228],{"class":69},[55,26083,2764],{"class":91},[55,26085,70],{"class":69},[55,26087,26088],{"class":73},"Not found",[55,26090,228],{"class":69},[55,26092,342],{"class":91},[55,26094,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,26096,106],{"class":105},[55,26098,109],{"class":91},[55,26100,15042],{"class":95},[55,26102,115],{"class":91},[55,26104,26105],{"class":118},"       # Not found\n",[20,26107,1866,26108,26111,26112,26115,26116,26118],{},[15,26109,26110],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26113,26114],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26117,19465],{}," when the key might not exist.",[131,26120,134,26122,137],{"id":26121},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26123,12350],{},[20,26125,26126,539],{},[15,26127,12350],{},[30,26129,26130,26133,26136,26139],{},[33,26131,26132],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26134,26135],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26137,26138],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26140,26141],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26143,214],{},[46,26145,26147],{"className":48,"code":26146,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26148,26149,26189,26193,26216,26220,26234],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26150,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26152,11267],{"class":61},[55,26154,66],{"class":65},[55,26156,10272],{"class":91},[55,26158,228],{"class":69},[55,26160,273],{"class":73},[55,26162,228],{"class":69},[55,26164,539],{"class":91},[55,26166,70],{"class":69},[55,26168,13000],{"class":73},[55,26170,228],{"class":69},[55,26172,2764],{"class":91},[55,26174,70],{"class":69},[55,26176,10190],{"class":73},[55,26178,228],{"class":69},[55,26180,539],{"class":91},[55,26182,70],{"class":69},[55,26184,10197],{"class":73},[55,26186,228],{"class":69},[55,26188,9089],{"class":91},[55,26190,26191],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26192,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26194,26195,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,26196,26197],{"class":61},"removed_city ",[55,26199,66],{"class":65},[55,26201,11350],{"class":61},[55,26203,92],{"class":91},[55,26205,26014],{"class":95},[55,26207,109],{"class":91},[55,26209,228],{"class":69},[55,26211,10190],{"class":73},[55,26213,228],{"class":69},[55,26215,342],{"class":91},[55,26217,26218],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,26219,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26221,26222,26224,26226,26229,26231],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,26223,106],{"class":105},[55,26225,109],{"class":91},[55,26227,26228],{"class":95},"removed_city",[55,26230,115],{"class":91},[55,26232,26233],{"class":118},"  # Paris\n",[55,26235,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,26237,106],{"class":105},[55,26239,109],{"class":91},[55,26241,11361],{"class":95},[55,26243,115],{"class":91},[55,26245,26246],{"class":118},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26248,20549,26249,26252,26253,92],{},[15,26250,26251],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26254,26255],{},"\"Paris\"",[131,26257,178],{"id":177},[20,26259,26260],{},"There are two common forms:",[46,26262,26264],{"className":48,"code":26263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26265,26266,26280],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26267,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26269,11230],{"class":61},[55,26271,92],{"class":91},[55,26273,26014],{"class":95},[55,26275,109],{"class":91},[55,26277,14621],{"class":95},[55,26279,342],{"class":91},[55,26281,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26297],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26283,11230],{"class":61},[55,26285,92],{"class":91},[55,26287,26014],{"class":95},[55,26289,109],{"class":91},[55,26291,14621],{"class":95},[55,26293,2764],{"class":91},[55,26295,26296],{"class":95}," default",[55,26298,342],{"class":91},[30,26300,26301,26307,26315,26321],{},[33,26302,26303,26306],{},[15,26304,26305],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26308,26309,26311,26312,26314],{},[15,26310,26305],{}," raises ",[15,26313,19465],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26316,26317,26320],{},[15,26318,26319],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26322,26323],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26325,214],{},[46,26327,26329],{"className":48,"code":26328,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26330,26331,26363,26367,26392,26420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26332,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26334,4847],{"class":61},[55,26336,66],{"class":65},[55,26338,10272],{"class":91},[55,26340,228],{"class":69},[55,26342,18194],{"class":73},[55,26344,228],{"class":69},[55,26346,539],{"class":91},[55,26348,19676],{"class":1210},[55,26350,2764],{"class":91},[55,26352,70],{"class":69},[55,26354,18203],{"class":73},[55,26356,228],{"class":69},[55,26358,539],{"class":91},[55,26360,13286],{"class":1210},[55,26362,9089],{"class":91},[55,26364,26365],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26366,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26368,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,26370,106],{"class":105},[55,26372,109],{"class":91},[55,26374,16168],{"class":95},[55,26376,92],{"class":91},[55,26378,26014],{"class":95},[55,26380,109],{"class":91},[55,26382,228],{"class":69},[55,26384,18194],{"class":73},[55,26386,228],{"class":69},[55,26388,5145],{"class":91},[55,26390,26391],{"class":118},"         # 90\n",[55,26393,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,26395,106],{"class":105},[55,26397,109],{"class":91},[55,26399,16168],{"class":95},[55,26401,92],{"class":91},[55,26403,26014],{"class":95},[55,26405,109],{"class":91},[55,26407,228],{"class":69},[55,26409,18212],{"class":73},[55,26411,228],{"class":69},[55,26413,2764],{"class":91},[55,26415,3612],{"class":1210},[55,26417,5145],{"class":91},[55,26419,20546],{"class":118},[55,26421,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,26423,106],{"class":105},[55,26425,109],{"class":91},[55,26427,16168],{"class":95},[55,26429,115],{"class":91},[55,26431,26432],{"class":118},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[131,26434,446],{"id":445},[20,26436,26437,13833,26439,26441],{},[15,26438,12542],{},[123,26440,902],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26443,26444],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26446,26447,26450],{},[33,26448,26449],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26451,26452],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26454,214],{},[46,26456,26458],{"className":48,"code":26457,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26459,26460,26492,26496,26519,26551,26555,26569,26583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26461,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26463,8945],{"class":61},[55,26465,66],{"class":65},[55,26467,10272],{"class":91},[55,26469,228],{"class":69},[55,26471,166],{"class":73},[55,26473,228],{"class":69},[55,26475,539],{"class":91},[55,26477,5790],{"class":1210},[55,26479,2764],{"class":91},[55,26481,70],{"class":69},[55,26483,4543],{"class":73},[55,26485,228],{"class":69},[55,26487,539],{"class":91},[55,26489,7574],{"class":1210},[55,26491,9089],{"class":91},[55,26493,26494],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26495,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26497,26498,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,26499,26500],{"class":61},"result1 ",[55,26502,66],{"class":65},[55,26504,14346],{"class":61},[55,26506,92],{"class":91},[55,26508,26014],{"class":95},[55,26510,109],{"class":91},[55,26512,228],{"class":69},[55,26514,166],{"class":73},[55,26516,228],{"class":69},[55,26518,342],{"class":91},[55,26520,26521,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26547,26549],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,26522,26523],{"class":61},"result2 ",[55,26525,66],{"class":65},[55,26527,14346],{"class":61},[55,26529,92],{"class":91},[55,26531,26014],{"class":95},[55,26533,109],{"class":91},[55,26535,228],{"class":69},[55,26537,9520],{"class":73},[55,26539,228],{"class":69},[55,26541,2764],{"class":91},[55,26543,70],{"class":69},[55,26545,26546],{"class":73},"missing",[55,26548,228],{"class":69},[55,26550,342],{"class":91},[55,26552,26553],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,26554,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26556,26557,26559,26561,26564,26566],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,26558,106],{"class":105},[55,26560,109],{"class":91},[55,26562,26563],{"class":95},"result1",[55,26565,115],{"class":91},[55,26567,26568],{"class":118},"  # 10\n",[55,26570,26571,26573,26575,26578,26580],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,26572,106],{"class":105},[55,26574,109],{"class":91},[55,26576,26577],{"class":95},"result2",[55,26579,115],{"class":91},[55,26581,26582],{"class":118},"  # missing\n",[55,26584,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,26586,106],{"class":105},[55,26588,109],{"class":91},[55,26590,8984],{"class":95},[55,26592,115],{"class":91},[55,26594,26595],{"class":118},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26597,26598,26599,6417],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[166,26600,26601],{"href":10517},[15,26602,26603],{},"dict.get()",[131,26605,4744,26607],{"id":26606},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26608,12542],{},[20,26610,1866,26611,10382],{},[15,26612,12542],{},[30,26614,26615,26618,26621],{},[33,26616,26617],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26619,26620],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26622,26623],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26625,214],{},[46,26627,26629],{"className":48,"code":26628,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26630,26631,26683,26687,26714,26718,26742,26746,26760,26774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26632,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26667,26669,26671,26674,26676,26678,26681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26634,24898],{"class":61},[55,26636,66],{"class":65},[55,26638,10272],{"class":91},[55,26640,228],{"class":69},[55,26642,273],{"class":73},[55,26644,228],{"class":69},[55,26646,539],{"class":91},[55,26648,70],{"class":69},[55,26650,26651],{"class":73},"Laptop",[55,26653,228],{"class":69},[55,26655,2764],{"class":91},[55,26657,70],{"class":69},[55,26659,24924],{"class":73},[55,26661,228],{"class":69},[55,26663,539],{"class":91},[55,26665,26666],{"class":1210}," 1200",[55,26668,2764],{"class":91},[55,26670,70],{"class":69},[55,26672,26673],{"class":73},"discount",[55,26675,228],{"class":69},[55,26677,539],{"class":91},[55,26679,26680],{"class":1210}," 200",[55,26682,9089],{"class":91},[55,26684,26685],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26686,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26688,26689,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,26690,26691],{"class":61},"discount_amount ",[55,26693,66],{"class":65},[55,26695,24976],{"class":61},[55,26697,92],{"class":91},[55,26699,26014],{"class":95},[55,26701,109],{"class":91},[55,26703,228],{"class":69},[55,26705,26673],{"class":73},[55,26707,228],{"class":69},[55,26709,2764],{"class":91},[55,26711,3612],{"class":1210},[55,26713,342],{"class":91},[55,26715,26716],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,26717,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26719,26720,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,26721,26722],{"class":61},"final_price ",[55,26724,66],{"class":65},[55,26726,24976],{"class":61},[55,26728,3680],{"class":91},[55,26730,228],{"class":69},[55,26732,24924],{"class":73},[55,26734,228],{"class":69},[55,26736,13052],{"class":91},[55,26738,1995],{"class":65},[55,26740,26741],{"class":61}," discount_amount\n",[55,26743,26744],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,26745,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26747,26748,26750,26752,26755,26757],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,26749,106],{"class":105},[55,26751,109],{"class":91},[55,26753,26754],{"class":95},"discount_amount",[55,26756,115],{"class":91},[55,26758,26759],{"class":118},"  # 200\n",[55,26761,26762,26764,26766,26769,26771],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,26763,106],{"class":105},[55,26765,109],{"class":91},[55,26767,26768],{"class":95},"final_price",[55,26770,115],{"class":91},[55,26772,26773],{"class":118},"      # 1000\n",[55,26775,26776,26778,26780,26783,26785],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,26777,106],{"class":105},[55,26779,109],{"class":91},[55,26781,26782],{"class":95},"product",[55,26784,115],{"class":91},[55,26786,26787],{"class":118},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26789,26790],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[131,26792,26794,1477,26796],{"id":26793},"pop-vs-del",[15,26795,12542],{},[15,26797,26798],{},"del",[20,26800,10371,26801,1377,26803,26805],{},[15,26802,12542],{},[15,26804,26798],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1003,26807,1866,26809,26811],{"id":26808},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26810,12542],{}," when you need the removed value",[46,26813,26815],{"className":48,"code":26814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26816,26817,26853,26857,26879,26883,26896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26818,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26820,12983],{"class":61},[55,26822,66],{"class":65},[55,26824,10272],{"class":91},[55,26826,228],{"class":69},[55,26828,273],{"class":73},[55,26830,228],{"class":69},[55,26832,539],{"class":91},[55,26834,70],{"class":69},[55,26836,12660],{"class":73},[55,26838,228],{"class":69},[55,26840,2764],{"class":91},[55,26842,70],{"class":69},[55,26844,9079],{"class":73},[55,26846,228],{"class":69},[55,26848,539],{"class":91},[55,26850,9086],{"class":1210},[55,26852,9089],{"class":91},[55,26854,26855],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26856,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26858,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,26860,21405],{"class":61},[55,26862,66],{"class":65},[55,26864,13026],{"class":61},[55,26866,92],{"class":91},[55,26868,26014],{"class":95},[55,26870,109],{"class":91},[55,26872,228],{"class":69},[55,26874,9079],{"class":73},[55,26876,228],{"class":69},[55,26878,342],{"class":91},[55,26880,26881],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,26882,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26884,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,26886,106],{"class":105},[55,26888,109],{"class":91},[55,26890,9079],{"class":95},[55,26892,115],{"class":91},[55,26894,26895],{"class":118},"     # 25\n",[55,26897,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,26899,106],{"class":105},[55,26901,109],{"class":91},[55,26903,17085],{"class":95},[55,26905,115],{"class":91},[55,26907,26908],{"class":118},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1003,26910,1866,26912,26914],{"id":26911},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26913,26798],{}," when you only want deletion",[46,26916,26918],{"className":48,"code":26917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26919,26920,26956,26960,26976,26980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26921,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26923,12983],{"class":61},[55,26925,66],{"class":65},[55,26927,10272],{"class":91},[55,26929,228],{"class":69},[55,26931,273],{"class":73},[55,26933,228],{"class":69},[55,26935,539],{"class":91},[55,26937,70],{"class":69},[55,26939,12660],{"class":73},[55,26941,228],{"class":69},[55,26943,2764],{"class":91},[55,26945,70],{"class":69},[55,26947,9079],{"class":73},[55,26949,228],{"class":69},[55,26951,539],{"class":91},[55,26953,9086],{"class":1210},[55,26955,9089],{"class":91},[55,26957,26958],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,26959,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26961,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,26963,26798],{"class":487},[55,26965,13026],{"class":61},[55,26967,3680],{"class":91},[55,26969,228],{"class":69},[55,26971,9079],{"class":73},[55,26973,228],{"class":69},[55,26975,3413],{"class":91},[55,26977,26978],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,26979,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,26981,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,26983,106],{"class":105},[55,26985,109],{"class":91},[55,26987,17085],{"class":95},[55,26989,115],{"class":91},[55,26991,26908],{"class":118},[20,26993,26994],{},"Difference:",[30,26996,26997,27002],{},[33,26998,26999,27001],{},[15,27000,12542],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,27003,27004,27006],{},[15,27005,26798],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27008,27009,27010,92],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[166,27011,12355],{"href":12354},[131,27013,27015,27016],{"id":27014},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27017,19465],{},[20,27019,27020],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1003,27022,27024],{"id":27023},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[46,27026,27028],{"className":48,"code":27027,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27029,27030,27055,27059,27085,27089,27101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27031,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27051,27053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27033,11504],{"class":61},[55,27035,66],{"class":65},[55,27037,10272],{"class":91},[55,27039,228],{"class":69},[55,27041,273],{"class":73},[55,27043,228],{"class":69},[55,27045,539],{"class":91},[55,27047,70],{"class":69},[55,27049,27050],{"class":73},"Sara",[55,27052,228],{"class":69},[55,27054,9089],{"class":91},[55,27056,27057],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27058,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27060,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27062,2218],{"class":61},[55,27064,66],{"class":65},[55,27066,11546],{"class":61},[55,27068,92],{"class":91},[55,27070,26014],{"class":95},[55,27072,109],{"class":91},[55,27074,228],{"class":69},[55,27076,9079],{"class":73},[55,27078,228],{"class":69},[55,27080,2764],{"class":91},[55,27082,3632],{"class":3631},[55,27084,342],{"class":91},[55,27086,27087],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27088,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27090,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,27092,106],{"class":105},[55,27094,109],{"class":91},[55,27096,2245],{"class":95},[55,27098,115],{"class":91},[55,27100,20339],{"class":118},[55,27102,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,27104,106],{"class":105},[55,27106,109],{"class":91},[55,27108,11230],{"class":95},[55,27110,115],{"class":91},[55,27112,27113],{"class":118}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27115,27116],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1003,27118,27120],{"id":27119},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[46,27122,27124],{"className":48,"code":27123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27125,27126,27150,27154,27170,27193,27203,27209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27127,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27129,11504],{"class":61},[55,27131,66],{"class":65},[55,27133,10272],{"class":91},[55,27135,228],{"class":69},[55,27137,273],{"class":73},[55,27139,228],{"class":69},[55,27141,539],{"class":91},[55,27143,70],{"class":69},[55,27145,27050],{"class":73},[55,27147,228],{"class":69},[55,27149,9089],{"class":91},[55,27151,27152],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27153,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27155,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27157,488],{"class":487},[55,27159,70],{"class":69},[55,27161,9079],{"class":73},[55,27163,228],{"class":69},[55,27165,784],{"class":65},[55,27167,11546],{"class":61},[55,27169,511],{"class":91},[55,27171,27172,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27173,27174],{"class":61},"    value ",[55,27176,66],{"class":65},[55,27178,11546],{"class":61},[55,27180,92],{"class":91},[55,27182,26014],{"class":95},[55,27184,109],{"class":91},[55,27186,228],{"class":69},[55,27188,9079],{"class":73},[55,27190,228],{"class":69},[55,27192,342],{"class":91},[55,27194,27195,27197,27199,27201],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,27196,516],{"class":105},[55,27198,109],{"class":91},[55,27200,2245],{"class":95},[55,27202,342],{"class":91},[55,27204,27205,27207],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,27206,610],{"class":487},[55,27208,511],{"class":91},[55,27210,27211,27213,27215,27217,27220,27222],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,27212,516],{"class":105},[55,27214,109],{"class":91},[55,27216,228],{"class":69},[55,27218,27219],{"class":73},"Key not found",[55,27221,228],{"class":69},[55,27223,342],{"class":91},[1003,27225,27227,27228,27230],{"id":27226},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27229,10521],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[46,27232,27234],{"className":48,"code":27233,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27235,27236,27260,27264,27290,27294,27306],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27237,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27239,11504],{"class":61},[55,27241,66],{"class":65},[55,27243,10272],{"class":91},[55,27245,228],{"class":69},[55,27247,273],{"class":73},[55,27249,228],{"class":69},[55,27251,539],{"class":91},[55,27253,70],{"class":69},[55,27255,27050],{"class":73},[55,27257,228],{"class":69},[55,27259,9089],{"class":91},[55,27261,27262],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27263,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27265,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27267,2218],{"class":61},[55,27269,66],{"class":65},[55,27271,11546],{"class":61},[55,27273,92],{"class":91},[55,27275,19528],{"class":95},[55,27277,109],{"class":91},[55,27279,228],{"class":69},[55,27281,9079],{"class":73},[55,27283,228],{"class":69},[55,27285,2764],{"class":91},[55,27287,3632],{"class":3631},[55,27289,342],{"class":91},[55,27291,27292],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27293,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27295,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,27297,106],{"class":105},[55,27299,109],{"class":91},[55,27301,2245],{"class":95},[55,27303,115],{"class":91},[55,27305,20339],{"class":118},[55,27307,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,27309,106],{"class":105},[55,27311,109],{"class":91},[55,27313,11230],{"class":95},[55,27315,115],{"class":91},[55,27317,27113],{"class":118},[20,27319,1866,27320,27324,27325,92],{},[166,27321,27322],{"href":10517},[15,27323,26603],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[166,27326,11043],{"href":10855},[131,27328,4301],{"id":4300},[20,27330,27331,27332,92],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27333,12350],{},[1003,27335,25547,27337,27339],{"id":27336},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27338,12542],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27341,27342],{},"Lists use indexes:",[46,27344,27346],{"className":48,"code":27345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27347,27348,27368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27349,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27351,3395],{"class":61},[55,27353,66],{"class":65},[55,27355,3400],{"class":91},[55,27357,2101],{"class":1210},[55,27359,2764],{"class":91},[55,27361,7574],{"class":1210},[55,27363,2764],{"class":91},[55,27365,7579],{"class":1210},[55,27367,3413],{"class":91},[55,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27371,106],{"class":105},[55,27373,109],{"class":91},[55,27375,3427],{"class":95},[55,27377,92],{"class":91},[55,27379,26014],{"class":95},[55,27381,109],{"class":91},[55,27383,2761],{"class":1210},[55,27385,5145],{"class":91},[55,27387,27388],{"class":118},"  # 20\n",[20,27390,27391],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[46,27393,27395],{"className":48,"code":27394,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27396,27397,27433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27398,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27400,12983],{"class":61},[55,27402,66],{"class":65},[55,27404,10272],{"class":91},[55,27406,228],{"class":69},[55,27408,273],{"class":73},[55,27410,228],{"class":69},[55,27412,539],{"class":91},[55,27414,70],{"class":69},[55,27416,12660],{"class":73},[55,27418,228],{"class":69},[55,27420,2764],{"class":91},[55,27422,70],{"class":69},[55,27424,9079],{"class":73},[55,27426,228],{"class":69},[55,27428,539],{"class":91},[55,27430,9086],{"class":1210},[55,27432,9089],{"class":91},[55,27434,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27436,106],{"class":105},[55,27438,109],{"class":91},[55,27440,17085],{"class":95},[55,27442,92],{"class":91},[55,27444,26014],{"class":95},[55,27446,109],{"class":91},[55,27448,228],{"class":69},[55,27450,9079],{"class":73},[55,27452,228],{"class":69},[55,27454,5145],{"class":91},[55,27456,27457],{"class":118},"  # 25\n",[20,27459,27460,27461,27463,27464,27466],{},"A dictionary does ",[123,27462,902],{}," use positions with ",[15,27465,12542],{},". It uses keys.",[1003,27468,4486,27470,27472],{"id":27469},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27471,12542],{}," changes the original dictionary",[46,27474,27476],{"className":48,"code":27475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27477,27478,27510,27514,27536,27540,27553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27479,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27481,8945],{"class":61},[55,27483,66],{"class":65},[55,27485,10272],{"class":91},[55,27487,228],{"class":69},[55,27489,1947],{"class":73},[55,27491,228],{"class":69},[55,27493,539],{"class":91},[55,27495,5282],{"class":1210},[55,27497,2764],{"class":91},[55,27499,70],{"class":69},[55,27501,11525],{"class":73},[55,27503,228],{"class":69},[55,27505,539],{"class":91},[55,27507,2767],{"class":1210},[55,27509,9089],{"class":91},[55,27511,27512],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27513,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27515,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27517,2218],{"class":61},[55,27519,66],{"class":65},[55,27521,14346],{"class":61},[55,27523,92],{"class":91},[55,27525,26014],{"class":95},[55,27527,109],{"class":91},[55,27529,228],{"class":69},[55,27531,1947],{"class":73},[55,27533,228],{"class":69},[55,27535,342],{"class":91},[55,27537,27538],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27539,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27541,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,27543,106],{"class":105},[55,27545,109],{"class":91},[55,27547,2245],{"class":95},[55,27549,115],{"class":91},[55,27551,27552],{"class":118},"  # 1\n",[55,27554,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,27556,106],{"class":105},[55,27558,109],{"class":91},[55,27560,8984],{"class":95},[55,27562,115],{"class":91},[55,27564,27565],{"class":118},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27567,27568,27569,27571],{},"After ",[15,27570,12542],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1003,27573,1185,27575,27577],{"id":27574},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27576,12542],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[46,27579,27581],{"className":48,"code":27580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27582,27583,27607,27611,27616],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27584,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27586,8945],{"class":61},[55,27588,66],{"class":65},[55,27590,10272],{"class":91},[55,27592,228],{"class":69},[55,27594,273],{"class":73},[55,27596,228],{"class":69},[55,27598,539],{"class":91},[55,27600,70],{"class":69},[55,27602,7705],{"class":73},[55,27604,228],{"class":69},[55,27606,9089],{"class":91},[55,27608,27609],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27610,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27612,27613],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27614,27615],{"class":118},"# This causes an error\n",[55,27617,27618],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27619,27620],{"class":118},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27622,27623],{},"Safer version:",[46,27625,27627],{"className":48,"code":27626,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27628,27629,27653,27657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27630,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27632,8945],{"class":61},[55,27634,66],{"class":65},[55,27636,10272],{"class":91},[55,27638,228],{"class":69},[55,27640,273],{"class":73},[55,27642,228],{"class":69},[55,27644,539],{"class":91},[55,27646,70],{"class":69},[55,27648,7705],{"class":73},[55,27650,228],{"class":69},[55,27652,9089],{"class":91},[55,27654,27655],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27656,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27660,106],{"class":105},[55,27662,109],{"class":91},[55,27664,8984],{"class":95},[55,27666,92],{"class":91},[55,27668,26014],{"class":95},[55,27670,109],{"class":91},[55,27672,228],{"class":69},[55,27674,9079],{"class":73},[55,27676,228],{"class":69},[55,27678,2764],{"class":91},[55,27680,70],{"class":69},[55,27682,26546],{"class":73},[55,27684,228],{"class":69},[55,27686,5145],{"class":91},[55,27688,26582],{"class":118},[1003,27690,8235,27692,27694],{"id":27691},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27693,12542],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[46,27696,27698],{"className":48,"code":27697,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27699,27700,27732,27736,27758,27762,27774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27701,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27703,8945],{"class":61},[55,27705,66],{"class":65},[55,27707,10272],{"class":91},[55,27709,228],{"class":69},[55,27711,166],{"class":73},[55,27713,228],{"class":69},[55,27715,539],{"class":91},[55,27717,5282],{"class":1210},[55,27719,2764],{"class":91},[55,27721,70],{"class":69},[55,27723,4543],{"class":73},[55,27725,228],{"class":69},[55,27727,539],{"class":91},[55,27729,2767],{"class":1210},[55,27731,9089],{"class":91},[55,27733,27734],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27735,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27737,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27739,83],{"class":61},[55,27741,66],{"class":65},[55,27743,14346],{"class":61},[55,27745,92],{"class":91},[55,27747,26014],{"class":95},[55,27749,109],{"class":91},[55,27751,228],{"class":69},[55,27753,166],{"class":73},[55,27755,228],{"class":69},[55,27757,342],{"class":91},[55,27759,27760],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27761,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27763,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,27765,106],{"class":105},[55,27767,109],{"class":91},[55,27769,112],{"class":95},[55,27771,115],{"class":91},[55,27773,27552],{"class":118},[55,27775,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,27777,106],{"class":105},[55,27779,109],{"class":91},[55,27781,8984],{"class":95},[55,27783,115],{"class":91},[55,27785,27786],{"class":118},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27788,27789],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[131,27791,27793],{"id":27792},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27795,27796,27797,27799],{},"Problems with ",[15,27798,12350],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,27801,27802,27805,27814,27817],{},[33,27803,27804],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,27806,27807,27808,27811,27812],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27809,27810],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27813,26110],{},[33,27815,27816],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,27818,27819,27820,1012,27822],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27821,2761],{},[15,27823,27824],{},"\"1\"",[20,27826,27827],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[46,27829,27831],{"className":48,"code":27830,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27832,27833,27857,27861,27891],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27834,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27836,8945],{"class":61},[55,27838,66],{"class":65},[55,27840,10272],{"class":91},[55,27842,228],{"class":69},[55,27844,2761],{"class":73},[55,27846,228],{"class":69},[55,27848,539],{"class":91},[55,27850,70],{"class":69},[55,27852,6371],{"class":73},[55,27854,228],{"class":69},[55,27856,9089],{"class":91},[55,27858,27859],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27860,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,27862,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27884,27886,27888],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27864,106],{"class":105},[55,27866,109],{"class":91},[55,27868,8984],{"class":95},[55,27870,92],{"class":91},[55,27872,26014],{"class":95},[55,27874,109],{"class":91},[55,27876,2761],{"class":1210},[55,27878,2764],{"class":91},[55,27880,70],{"class":69},[55,27882,27883],{"class":73},"not found",[55,27885,228],{"class":69},[55,27887,5145],{"class":91},[55,27889,27890],{"class":118},"    # not found\n",[55,27892,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27894,106],{"class":105},[55,27896,109],{"class":91},[55,27898,8984],{"class":95},[55,27900,92],{"class":91},[55,27902,26014],{"class":95},[55,27904,109],{"class":91},[55,27906,228],{"class":69},[55,27908,2761],{"class":73},[55,27910,228],{"class":69},[55,27912,2764],{"class":91},[55,27914,70],{"class":69},[55,27916,27883],{"class":73},[55,27918,228],{"class":69},[55,27920,5145],{"class":91},[55,27922,27923],{"class":118},"  # one\n",[20,27925,27926,1377,27928,27930],{},[15,27927,2761],{},[15,27929,27824],{}," are different keys.",[131,27932,8651],{"id":8650},[20,27934,8654,27935,27937],{},[15,27936,12542],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,27939,27941],{"className":48,"code":27940,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27942,27943,27953,27967,27985,28015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27944,27945,27947,27949,27951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27946,106],{"class":105},[55,27948,109],{"class":91},[55,27950,11230],{"class":95},[55,27952,342],{"class":91},[55,27954,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,27956,106],{"class":105},[55,27958,109],{"class":91},[55,27960,11230],{"class":95},[55,27962,92],{"class":91},[55,27964,16701],{"class":95},[55,27966,1087],{"class":91},[55,27968,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,27970,106],{"class":105},[55,27972,109],{"class":91},[55,27974,3077],{"class":69},[55,27976,273],{"class":73},[55,27978,3077],{"class":69},[55,27980,784],{"class":487},[55,27982,11546],{"class":95},[55,27984,342],{"class":91},[55,27986,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,27988,106],{"class":105},[55,27990,109],{"class":91},[55,27992,11230],{"class":95},[55,27994,92],{"class":91},[55,27996,26014],{"class":95},[55,27998,109],{"class":91},[55,28000,3077],{"class":69},[55,28002,273],{"class":73},[55,28004,3077],{"class":69},[55,28006,2764],{"class":91},[55,28008,3072],{"class":69},[55,28010,26546],{"class":73},[55,28012,3077],{"class":69},[55,28014,1273],{"class":91},[55,28016,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,28018,106],{"class":105},[55,28020,109],{"class":91},[55,28022,1266],{"class":1265},[55,28024,109],{"class":91},[55,28026,11230],{"class":95},[55,28028,1273],{"class":91},[20,28030,21114],{},[30,28032,28033,28038,28043,28048,28054],{},[33,28034,28035,28037],{},[15,28036,12460],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,28039,28040,28042],{},[15,28041,21126],{}," shows all available keys",[33,28044,28045,28047],{},[15,28046,21132],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,28049,28050,28053],{},[15,28051,28052],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,28055,28056,28058],{},[15,28057,12466],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28060,28061,28062,92],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[166,28063,9172],{"href":9171},[131,28065,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,28067,28069,28070,28072],{"id":28068},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28071,12542],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28074,28075],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1003,28077,28079],{"id":28078},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28081,28082,26311,28084,28086,28087,28089],{},[15,28083,26110],{},[15,28085,19465],{},". ",[15,28088,26114],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1003,28091,1581,28093,14676],{"id":28092},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28094,12542],{},[20,28096,28097],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1003,28099,1613,28101,28103],{"id":28100},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28102,12542],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28105,28106,28107,28109,28110,92],{},"Not with ",[15,28108,12350],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[166,28111,28112],{"href":12361},[15,28113,12549],{},[1003,28115,1626,28117,1377,28119,1631],{"id":28116},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28118,10521],{},[15,28120,12542],{},[20,28122,28123,28125,28126,28128],{},[15,28124,10521],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28127,12542],{}," reads and removes it.",[131,28130,1643],{"id":1642},[30,28132,28133,28139,28146,28150,28154,28158],{},[33,28134,28135],{},[166,28136,28137],{"href":10517},[15,28138,19446],{},[33,28140,28141],{},[166,28142,28143],{"href":12361},[15,28144,28145],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,28147,28148],{},[166,28149,12566],{"href":12354},[33,28151,28152],{},[166,28153,21235],{"href":16376},[33,28155,28156],{},[166,28157,11043],{"href":10855},[33,28159,28160],{},[166,28161,28163],{"href":28162},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1696,28165,28166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":28168},[28169,28170,28172,28173,28174,28176,28183,28190,28200,28201,28202,28213],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":26121,"depth":80,"text":28171},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":26606,"depth":80,"text":28175},"When to use pop()",{"id":26793,"depth":80,"text":28177,"children":28178},"pop() vs del",[28179,28181],{"id":26808,"depth":102,"text":28180},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26911,"depth":102,"text":28182},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27014,"depth":80,"text":28184,"children":28185},"How to avoid KeyError",[28186,28187,28188],{"id":27023,"depth":102,"text":27024},{"id":27119,"depth":102,"text":27120},{"id":27226,"depth":102,"text":28189},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":28191},[28192,28194,28196,28198],{"id":27336,"depth":102,"text":28193},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27469,"depth":102,"text":28195},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27574,"depth":102,"text":28197},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27691,"depth":102,"text":28199},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27792,"depth":80,"text":27793},{"id":8650,"depth":80,"text":8651},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":28203},[28204,28206,28207,28209,28211],{"id":28068,"depth":102,"text":28205},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28078,"depth":102,"text":28079},{"id":28092,"depth":102,"text":28208},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28100,"depth":102,"text":28210},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28116,"depth":102,"text":28212},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25942,"description":28214},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28221,"title":28145,"body":28222,"description":30161,"extension":1733,"meta":30162,"navigation":248,"path":30163,"seo":30164,"stem":30165,"__hash__":30166},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28223,"toc":30125},[28224,28229,28234,28237,28245,28255,28257,28346,28350,28399,28404,28409,28413,28429,28432,28434,28449,28451,28467,28474,28478,28484,28493,28495,28564,28568,28589,28592,28611,28614,28637,28639,28642,28757,28761,28820,28827,28831,28836,28961,28965,29015,29018,29022,29029,29031,29094,29098,29119,29122,29131,29146,29154,29161,29165,29177,29181,29192,29194,29340,29344,29403,29410,29415,29419,29425,29448,29453,29472,29476,29547,29554,29627,29636,29641,29646,29657,29660,29797,29802,29834,29839,29841,29845,29905,29908,29965,29968,30011,30013,30018,30024,30030,30033,30040,30048,30053,30056,30063,30071,30073,30122],[10,28225,11099,28227,18],{"id":28226},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28228,12549],{},[20,28230,1750,28231,28233],{},[15,28232,12549],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28235,28236],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28238,28239,28242],{},[33,28240,28241],{},"remove an item",[33,28243,28244],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28246,28247,28248,28250,28251,28254],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28249,12549],{}," removes the ",[123,28252,28253],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[131,28256,1775],{"id":1774},[46,28258,28260],{"className":48,"code":28259,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28261,28262,28306,28322,28326,28336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28263,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28265,8945],{"class":61},[55,28267,66],{"class":65},[55,28269,10272],{"class":91},[55,28271,228],{"class":69},[55,28273,166],{"class":73},[55,28275,228],{"class":69},[55,28277,539],{"class":91},[55,28279,5282],{"class":1210},[55,28281,2764],{"class":91},[55,28283,70],{"class":69},[55,28285,4543],{"class":73},[55,28287,228],{"class":69},[55,28289,539],{"class":91},[55,28291,2767],{"class":1210},[55,28293,2764],{"class":91},[55,28295,70],{"class":69},[55,28297,9520],{"class":73},[55,28299,228],{"class":69},[55,28301,539],{"class":91},[55,28303,2223],{"class":1210},[55,28305,9089],{"class":91},[55,28307,28308,28311,28313,28315,28317,28320],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,28309,28310],{"class":61},"item ",[55,28312,66],{"class":65},[55,28314,14346],{"class":61},[55,28316,92],{"class":91},[55,28318,28319],{"class":95},"popitem",[55,28321,99],{"class":91},[55,28323,28324],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,28325,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,28327,28328,28330,28332,28334],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,28329,106],{"class":105},[55,28331,109],{"class":91},[55,28333,23087],{"class":95},[55,28335,342],{"class":91},[55,28337,28338,28340,28342,28344],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,28339,106],{"class":105},[55,28341,109],{"class":91},[55,28343,8984],{"class":95},[55,28345,342],{"class":91},[20,28347,28348],{},[123,28349,357],{},[46,28351,28353],{"className":48,"code":28352,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28354,28355,28371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28356,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28358,109],{"class":91},[55,28360,3077],{"class":69},[55,28362,9520],{"class":73},[55,28364,3077],{"class":69},[55,28366,2764],{"class":91},[55,28368,2223],{"class":1210},[55,28370,342],{"class":91},[55,28372,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,28374,9058],{"class":91},[55,28376,3077],{"class":69},[55,28378,166],{"class":73},[55,28380,3077],{"class":69},[55,28382,539],{"class":91},[55,28384,5282],{"class":1210},[55,28386,2764],{"class":91},[55,28388,3072],{"class":69},[55,28390,4543],{"class":73},[55,28392,3077],{"class":69},[55,28394,539],{"class":91},[55,28396,2767],{"class":1210},[55,28398,9089],{"class":91},[20,28400,28401,28403],{},[15,28402,12549],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[131,28405,134,28407,137],{"id":28406},"what-popitem-does",[15,28408,12549],{},[20,28410,28411,539],{},[15,28412,12549],{},[30,28414,28415,28418,28423,28426],{},[33,28416,28417],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28419,28420,28421],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28422,21432],{},[33,28424,28425],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28427,28428],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28430,28431],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[131,28433,178],{"id":177},[46,28435,28437],{"className":48,"code":28436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28438,28439],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28440,28441,28443,28445,28447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28442,15383],{"class":61},[55,28444,92],{"class":91},[55,28446,28319],{"class":95},[55,28448,99],{"class":91},[20,28450,11239],{},[30,28452,28453,28461,28464],{},[33,28454,28455,28457,28458],{},[15,28456,12549],{}," takes ",[123,28459,28460],{},"no arguments",[33,28462,28463],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28465,28466],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28468,28469,28470,6417],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[166,28471,28472],{"href":12347},[15,28473,12542],{},[131,28475,28477],{"id":28476},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28479,28480,28481,28483],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28482,12549],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28485,28486,28487,28490],"ol",{},[33,28488,28489],{},"the key",[33,28491,28492],{},"the value",[20,28494,214],{},[46,28496,28498],{"className":48,"code":28497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28499,28500,28536,28550,28554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28501,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528,28530,28532,28534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28503,12983],{"class":61},[55,28505,66],{"class":65},[55,28507,10272],{"class":91},[55,28509,228],{"class":69},[55,28511,273],{"class":73},[55,28513,228],{"class":69},[55,28515,539],{"class":91},[55,28517,70],{"class":69},[55,28519,4787],{"class":73},[55,28521,228],{"class":69},[55,28523,2764],{"class":91},[55,28525,70],{"class":69},[55,28527,9079],{"class":73},[55,28529,228],{"class":69},[55,28531,539],{"class":91},[55,28533,9086],{"class":1210},[55,28535,9089],{"class":91},[55,28537,28538,28540,28542,28544,28546,28548],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,28539,83],{"class":61},[55,28541,66],{"class":65},[55,28543,13026],{"class":61},[55,28545,92],{"class":91},[55,28547,28319],{"class":95},[55,28549,99],{"class":91},[55,28551,28552],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,28553,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,28555,28556,28558,28560,28562],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,28557,106],{"class":105},[55,28559,109],{"class":91},[55,28561,112],{"class":95},[55,28563,342],{"class":91},[20,28565,28566],{},[123,28567,357],{},[46,28569,28571],{"className":48,"code":28570,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28572,28573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28574,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28576,109],{"class":91},[55,28578,3077],{"class":69},[55,28580,9079],{"class":73},[55,28582,3077],{"class":69},[55,28584,2764],{"class":91},[55,28586,9086],{"class":1210},[55,28588,342],{"class":91},[20,28590,28591],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[46,28593,28595],{"className":48,"code":28594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28596,28597],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28598,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28600,83],{"class":61},[55,28602,66],{"class":65},[55,28604,13026],{"class":61},[55,28606,92],{"class":91},[55,28608,28319],{"class":95},[55,28610,99],{"class":91},[20,28612,28613],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[46,28615,28617],{"className":48,"code":28616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28618,28619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28620,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28622,14621],{"class":61},[55,28624,2764],{"class":91},[55,28626,21362],{"class":61},[55,28628,66],{"class":65},[55,28630,13026],{"class":61},[55,28632,92],{"class":91},[55,28634,28319],{"class":95},[55,28636,99],{"class":91},[131,28638,286],{"id":285},[20,28640,28641],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[46,28643,28645],{"className":48,"code":28644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28646,28647,28695,28699,28714,28718,28738],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28648,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676,28679,28681,28683,28686,28688,28690,28693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28650,4847],{"class":61},[55,28652,66],{"class":65},[55,28654,10272],{"class":91},[55,28656,228],{"class":69},[55,28658,28659],{"class":73},"Tom",[55,28661,228],{"class":69},[55,28663,539],{"class":91},[55,28665,4859],{"class":1210},[55,28667,2764],{"class":91},[55,28669,70],{"class":69},[55,28671,12660],{"class":73},[55,28673,228],{"class":69},[55,28675,539],{"class":91},[55,28677,28678],{"class":1210}," 95",[55,28680,2764],{"class":91},[55,28682,70],{"class":69},[55,28684,28685],{"class":73},"Leo",[55,28687,228],{"class":69},[55,28689,539],{"class":91},[55,28691,28692],{"class":1210}," 88",[55,28694,9089],{"class":91},[55,28696,28697],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,28698,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,28700,28701,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,28702,28703],{"class":61},"removed_pair ",[55,28705,66],{"class":65},[55,28707,4894],{"class":61},[55,28709,92],{"class":91},[55,28711,28319],{"class":95},[55,28713,99],{"class":91},[55,28715,28716],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,28717,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,28719,28720,28722,28724,28726,28729,28731,28733,28736],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,28721,106],{"class":105},[55,28723,109],{"class":91},[55,28725,228],{"class":69},[55,28727,28728],{"class":73},"Removed:",[55,28730,228],{"class":69},[55,28732,2764],{"class":91},[55,28734,28735],{"class":95}," removed_pair",[55,28737,342],{"class":91},[55,28739,28740,28742,28744,28746,28749,28751,28753,28755],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,28741,106],{"class":105},[55,28743,109],{"class":91},[55,28745,228],{"class":69},[55,28747,28748],{"class":73},"After removal:",[55,28750,228],{"class":69},[55,28752,2764],{"class":91},[55,28754,4894],{"class":95},[55,28756,342],{"class":91},[20,28758,28759],{},[123,28760,357],{},[46,28762,28764],{"className":48,"code":28763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28765,28766,28787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28767,28768,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28769,28770],{"class":61},"Removed",[55,28772,539],{"class":91},[55,28774,9016],{"class":91},[55,28776,3077],{"class":69},[55,28778,28685],{"class":73},[55,28780,3077],{"class":69},[55,28782,2764],{"class":91},[55,28784,28692],{"class":1210},[55,28786,342],{"class":91},[55,28788,28789,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,28790,28791],{"class":61},"After removal",[55,28793,539],{"class":91},[55,28795,10272],{"class":91},[55,28797,3077],{"class":69},[55,28799,28659],{"class":73},[55,28801,3077],{"class":69},[55,28803,539],{"class":91},[55,28805,4859],{"class":1210},[55,28807,2764],{"class":91},[55,28809,3072],{"class":69},[55,28811,12660],{"class":73},[55,28813,3077],{"class":69},[55,28815,539],{"class":91},[55,28817,28678],{"class":1210},[55,28819,9089],{"class":91},[20,28821,28822,28823,28826],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28824,28825],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[131,28828,28830],{"id":28829},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28832,1373,28833,28835],{},[15,28834,12549],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[46,28837,28839],{"className":48,"code":28838,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28840,28841,28877,28881,28900,28904,28923,28942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28842,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28844,15228],{"class":61},[55,28846,66],{"class":65},[55,28848,10272],{"class":91},[55,28850,228],{"class":69},[55,28852,15239],{"class":73},[55,28854,228],{"class":69},[55,28856,539],{"class":91},[55,28858,70],{"class":69},[55,28860,15248],{"class":73},[55,28862,228],{"class":69},[55,28864,2764],{"class":91},[55,28866,70],{"class":69},[55,28868,15259],{"class":73},[55,28870,228],{"class":69},[55,28872,539],{"class":91},[55,28874,26680],{"class":1210},[55,28876,9089],{"class":91},[55,28878,28879],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,28880,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,28882,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28894,28896,28898],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,28884,14621],{"class":61},[55,28886,2764],{"class":91},[55,28888,21362],{"class":61},[55,28890,66],{"class":65},[55,28892,28893],{"class":61}," book",[55,28895,92],{"class":91},[55,28897,28319],{"class":95},[55,28899,99],{"class":91},[55,28901,28902],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,28903,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,28905,28906,28908,28910,28912,28915,28917,28919,28921],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,28907,106],{"class":105},[55,28909,109],{"class":91},[55,28911,228],{"class":69},[55,28913,28914],{"class":73},"Key:",[55,28916,228],{"class":69},[55,28918,2764],{"class":91},[55,28920,21357],{"class":95},[55,28922,342],{"class":91},[55,28924,28925,28927,28929,28931,28934,28936,28938,28940],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,28926,106],{"class":105},[55,28928,109],{"class":91},[55,28930,228],{"class":69},[55,28932,28933],{"class":73},"Value:",[55,28935,228],{"class":69},[55,28937,2764],{"class":91},[55,28939,8215],{"class":95},[55,28941,342],{"class":91},[55,28943,28944,28946,28948,28950,28953,28955,28957,28959],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,28945,106],{"class":105},[55,28947,109],{"class":91},[55,28949,228],{"class":69},[55,28951,28952],{"class":73},"Dictionary:",[55,28954,228],{"class":69},[55,28956,2764],{"class":91},[55,28958,28893],{"class":95},[55,28960,342],{"class":91},[20,28962,28963],{},[123,28964,357],{},[46,28966,28968],{"className":48,"code":28967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28969,28970,28980,28990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28971,28972,28975,28977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28973,28974],{"class":61},"Key",[55,28976,539],{"class":91},[55,28978,28979],{"class":61}," pages\n",[55,28981,28982,28985,28987],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,28983,28984],{"class":61},"Value",[55,28986,539],{"class":91},[55,28988,28989],{"class":1210}," 200\n",[55,28991,28992,28995,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,28993,28994],{"class":61},"Dictionary",[55,28996,539],{"class":91},[55,28998,10272],{"class":91},[55,29000,3077],{"class":69},[55,29002,15239],{"class":73},[55,29004,3077],{"class":69},[55,29006,539],{"class":91},[55,29008,3072],{"class":69},[55,29010,15248],{"class":73},[55,29012,3077],{"class":69},[55,29014,9089],{"class":91},[20,29016,29017],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[131,29019,29021],{"id":29020},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29023,29024,29025,28250,29027,92],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29026,12549],{},[123,29028,28253],{},[20,29030,214],{},[46,29032,29034],{"className":48,"code":29033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29035,29036,29080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29037,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050,29052,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29039,8945],{"class":61},[55,29041,66],{"class":65},[55,29043,10272],{"class":91},[55,29045,228],{"class":69},[55,29047,1947],{"class":73},[55,29049,228],{"class":69},[55,29051,539],{"class":91},[55,29053,5282],{"class":1210},[55,29055,2764],{"class":91},[55,29057,70],{"class":69},[55,29059,11525],{"class":73},[55,29061,228],{"class":69},[55,29063,539],{"class":91},[55,29065,2767],{"class":1210},[55,29067,2764],{"class":91},[55,29069,70],{"class":69},[55,29071,21853],{"class":73},[55,29073,228],{"class":69},[55,29075,539],{"class":91},[55,29077,2223],{"class":1210},[55,29079,9089],{"class":91},[55,29081,29082,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29083,106],{"class":105},[55,29085,109],{"class":91},[55,29087,8984],{"class":95},[55,29089,92],{"class":91},[55,29091,28319],{"class":95},[55,29093,1087],{"class":91},[20,29095,29096],{},[123,29097,357],{},[46,29099,29101],{"className":48,"code":29100,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29102,29103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29104,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29106,109],{"class":91},[55,29108,3077],{"class":69},[55,29110,21853],{"class":73},[55,29112,3077],{"class":69},[55,29114,2764],{"class":91},[55,29116,2223],{"class":1210},[55,29118,342],{"class":91},[20,29120,29121],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29123,29124,29125,29127,29128,29130],{},"As a beginner, do ",[123,29126,902],{}," think of ",[15,29129,12549],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29132,29133,29134,1963,29138,16850,29142,92],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[166,29135,29136],{"href":16853},[15,29137,16856],{},[166,29139,29140],{"href":16840},[15,29141,16843],{},[166,29143,29144],{"href":16846},[15,29145,16849],{},[131,29147,29149,29150,1377,29152],{"id":29148},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29151,12549],{},[15,29153,12542],{},[20,29155,29156,1377,29158,29160],{},[15,29157,12549],{},[15,29159,12542],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1003,29162,29163],{"id":28319},[15,29164,12549],{},[30,29166,29167,29170,29173],{},[33,29168,29169],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29171,29172],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29174,3469,29175],{},[15,29176,21432],{},[1003,29178,29179],{"id":26014},[15,29180,12542],{},[30,29182,29183,29186,29189],{},[33,29184,29185],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29187,29188],{},"needs the key name",[33,29190,29191],{},"returns only the value",[20,29193,214],{},[46,29195,29197],{"className":48,"code":29196,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29198,29199,29243,29247,29261,29281,29285,29307,29326,29330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29200,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29202,8945],{"class":61},[55,29204,66],{"class":65},[55,29206,10272],{"class":91},[55,29208,228],{"class":69},[55,29210,166],{"class":73},[55,29212,228],{"class":69},[55,29214,539],{"class":91},[55,29216,5282],{"class":1210},[55,29218,2764],{"class":91},[55,29220,70],{"class":69},[55,29222,4543],{"class":73},[55,29224,228],{"class":69},[55,29226,539],{"class":91},[55,29228,2767],{"class":1210},[55,29230,2764],{"class":91},[55,29232,70],{"class":69},[55,29234,9520],{"class":73},[55,29236,228],{"class":69},[55,29238,539],{"class":91},[55,29240,2223],{"class":1210},[55,29242,9089],{"class":91},[55,29244,29245],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29246,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,29248,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,29250,28310],{"class":61},[55,29252,66],{"class":65},[55,29254,14346],{"class":61},[55,29256,92],{"class":91},[55,29258,28319],{"class":95},[55,29260,99],{"class":91},[55,29262,29263,29265,29267,29269,29272,29274,29276,29279],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,29264,106],{"class":105},[55,29266,109],{"class":91},[55,29268,228],{"class":69},[55,29270,29271],{"class":73},"popitem():",[55,29273,228],{"class":69},[55,29275,2764],{"class":91},[55,29277,29278],{"class":95}," item",[55,29280,342],{"class":91},[55,29282,29283],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,29284,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,29286,29287,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,29288,2218],{"class":61},[55,29290,66],{"class":65},[55,29292,14346],{"class":61},[55,29294,92],{"class":91},[55,29296,26014],{"class":95},[55,29298,109],{"class":91},[55,29300,228],{"class":69},[55,29302,166],{"class":73},[55,29304,228],{"class":69},[55,29306,342],{"class":91},[55,29308,29309,29311,29313,29315,29318,29320,29322,29324],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,29310,106],{"class":105},[55,29312,109],{"class":91},[55,29314,228],{"class":69},[55,29316,29317],{"class":73},"pop('a'):",[55,29319,228],{"class":69},[55,29321,2764],{"class":91},[55,29323,8215],{"class":95},[55,29325,342],{"class":91},[55,29327,29328],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,29329,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,29331,29332,29334,29336,29338],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,29333,106],{"class":105},[55,29335,109],{"class":91},[55,29337,8984],{"class":95},[55,29339,342],{"class":91},[20,29341,29342],{},[123,29343,357],{},[46,29345,29347],{"className":48,"code":29346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29348,29349,29370,29387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29350,29351,29353,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29352,28319],{"class":95},[55,29354,29355],{"class":91},"():",[55,29357,9016],{"class":91},[55,29359,3077],{"class":69},[55,29361,9520],{"class":73},[55,29363,3077],{"class":69},[55,29365,2764],{"class":91},[55,29367,2223],{"class":1210},[55,29369,342],{"class":91},[55,29371,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29373,26014],{"class":95},[55,29375,109],{"class":91},[55,29377,3077],{"class":69},[55,29379,166],{"class":73},[55,29381,3077],{"class":69},[55,29383,16231],{"class":91},[55,29385,29386],{"class":1210}," 1\n",[55,29388,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,29390,9058],{"class":91},[55,29392,3077],{"class":69},[55,29394,4543],{"class":73},[55,29396,3077],{"class":69},[55,29398,539],{"class":91},[55,29400,2767],{"class":1210},[55,29402,9089],{"class":91},[20,29404,1866,29405,29409],{},[166,29406,29407],{"href":12347},[15,29408,12542],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29411,1866,29412,29414],{},[15,29413,12549],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[131,29416,29418],{"id":29417},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29420,29421,29422,29424],{},"Calling ",[15,29423,12549],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[46,29426,29428],{"className":48,"code":29427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29429,29430,29438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29431,29432,29434,29436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29433,8945],{"class":61},[55,29435,66],{"class":65},[55,29437,9619],{"class":91},[55,29439,29440,29442,29444,29446],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29441,8984],{"class":61},[55,29443,92],{"class":91},[55,29445,28319],{"class":95},[55,29447,99],{"class":91},[20,29449,29450],{},[123,29451,29452],{},"Error:",[46,29454,29456],{"className":48,"code":29455,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29457,29458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29459,29460,29462,29464,29466,29469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29461,19465],{"class":1265},[55,29463,539],{"class":91},[55,29465,3072],{"class":69},[55,29467,29468],{"class":73},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[55,29470,29471],{"class":69},"'\n",[1003,29473,29475],{"id":29474},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[46,29477,29479],{"className":48,"code":29478,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29480,29481,29489,29493,29501,29516,29526,29532],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29482,29483,29485,29487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29484,8945],{"class":61},[55,29486,66],{"class":65},[55,29488,9619],{"class":91},[55,29490,29491],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29492,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,29494,29495,29497,29499],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,29496,488],{"class":487},[55,29498,14346],{"class":61},[55,29500,511],{"class":91},[55,29502,29503,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,29504,29505],{"class":61},"    item ",[55,29507,66],{"class":65},[55,29509,14346],{"class":61},[55,29511,92],{"class":91},[55,29513,28319],{"class":95},[55,29515,99],{"class":91},[55,29517,29518,29520,29522,29524],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,29519,516],{"class":105},[55,29521,109],{"class":91},[55,29523,23087],{"class":95},[55,29525,342],{"class":91},[55,29527,29528,29530],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,29529,610],{"class":487},[55,29531,511],{"class":91},[55,29533,29534,29536,29538,29540,29543,29545],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,29535,516],{"class":105},[55,29537,109],{"class":91},[55,29539,228],{"class":69},[55,29541,29542],{"class":73},"Dictionary is empty",[55,29544,228],{"class":69},[55,29546,342],{"class":91},[1003,29548,29550,29551],{"id":29549},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29552,29553],{},"try-except",[46,29555,29557],{"className":48,"code":29556,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29558,29559,29567,29571,29578,29592,29602,29612],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29560,29561,29563,29565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29562,8945],{"class":61},[55,29564,66],{"class":65},[55,29566,9619],{"class":91},[55,29568,29569],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29570,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,29572,29573,29576],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,29574,29575],{"class":487},"try",[55,29577,511],{"class":91},[55,29579,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,29581,29505],{"class":61},[55,29583,66],{"class":65},[55,29585,14346],{"class":61},[55,29587,92],{"class":91},[55,29589,28319],{"class":95},[55,29591,99],{"class":91},[55,29593,29594,29596,29598,29600],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,29595,516],{"class":105},[55,29597,109],{"class":91},[55,29599,23087],{"class":95},[55,29601,342],{"class":91},[55,29603,29604,29607,29610],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,29605,29606],{"class":487},"except",[55,29608,29609],{"class":1265}," KeyError",[55,29611,511],{"class":91},[55,29613,29614,29616,29618,29620,29623,29625],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,29615,516],{"class":105},[55,29617,109],{"class":91},[55,29619,228],{"class":69},[55,29621,29622],{"class":73},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[55,29624,228],{"class":69},[55,29626,342],{"class":91},[20,29628,29629,29630,92],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[166,29631,25454,29633],{"href":29632},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29634,29635],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[131,29637,4744,29639],{"id":29638},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29640,12549],{},[20,29642,29643,29645],{},[15,29644,12549],{}," is useful when:",[30,29647,29648,29651,29654],{},[33,29649,29650],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29652,29653],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29655,29656],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29658,29659],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[46,29661,29663],{"className":48,"code":29662,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29664,29665,29674,29694,29714,29732,29736,29740,29750,29769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29666,29667,29670,29672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29668,29669],{"class":61},"tasks ",[55,29671,66],{"class":65},[55,29673,11272],{"class":91},[55,29675,29676,29678,29681,29683,29685,29687,29690,29692],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29677,11277],{"class":69},[55,29679,29680],{"class":73},"first",[55,29682,228],{"class":69},[55,29684,539],{"class":91},[55,29686,70],{"class":69},[55,29688,29689],{"class":73},"wash dishes",[55,29691,228],{"class":69},[55,29693,11293],{"class":91},[55,29695,29696,29698,29701,29703,29705,29707,29710,29712],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,29697,11277],{"class":69},[55,29699,29700],{"class":73},"second",[55,29702,228],{"class":69},[55,29704,539],{"class":91},[55,29706,70],{"class":69},[55,29708,29709],{"class":73},"do homework",[55,29711,228],{"class":69},[55,29713,11293],{"class":91},[55,29715,29716,29718,29721,29723,29725,29727,29730],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,29717,11277],{"class":69},[55,29719,29720],{"class":73},"third",[55,29722,228],{"class":69},[55,29724,539],{"class":91},[55,29726,70],{"class":69},[55,29728,29729],{"class":73},"read book",[55,29731,77],{"class":69},[55,29733,29734],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,29735,9089],{"class":91},[55,29737,29738],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,29739,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,29741,29742,29745,29748],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,29743,29744],{"class":487},"while",[55,29746,29747],{"class":61}," tasks",[55,29749,511],{"class":91},[55,29751,29752,29755,29757,29759,29761,29763,29765,29767],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,29753,29754],{"class":61},"    key",[55,29756,2764],{"class":91},[55,29758,21362],{"class":61},[55,29760,66],{"class":65},[55,29762,29747],{"class":61},[55,29764,92],{"class":91},[55,29766,28319],{"class":95},[55,29768,99],{"class":91},[55,29770,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793,29795],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,29772,516],{"class":105},[55,29774,109],{"class":91},[55,29776,22070],{"class":1838},[55,29778,228],{"class":73},[55,29780,9058],{"class":1210},[55,29782,14621],{"class":95},[55,29784,22079],{"class":1210},[55,29786,22082],{"class":73},[55,29788,9058],{"class":1210},[55,29790,2245],{"class":95},[55,29792,22079],{"class":1210},[55,29794,228],{"class":73},[55,29796,342],{"class":91},[20,29798,29799],{},[123,29800,29801],{},"Possible output:",[46,29803,29805],{"className":48,"code":29804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29806,29807,29816,29825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29808,29809,29811,29813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29810,29720],{"class":61},[55,29812,539],{"class":91},[55,29814,29815],{"class":61}," read book\n",[55,29817,29818,29820,29822],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29819,29700],{"class":61},[55,29821,539],{"class":91},[55,29823,29824],{"class":61}," do homework\n",[55,29826,29827,29829,29831],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,29828,29680],{"class":61},[55,29830,539],{"class":91},[55,29832,29833],{"class":61}," wash dishes\n",[20,29835,1373,29836,29838],{},[15,29837,12549],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[131,29840,1001],{"id":1000},[20,29842,14513,29843,539],{},[15,29844,12549],{},[30,29846,29847,29861,29880,29891],{},[33,29848,29849,29854],{},[123,29850,29421,29851,29853],{},[15,29852,12549],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,29855,29856],{},[33,29857,29858,29859,92],{},"This raises ",[15,29860,19465],{},[33,29862,29863,29868],{},[123,29864,8235,29865,29867],{},[15,29866,12549],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,29869,29870,29873],{},[33,29871,29872],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,29874,1866,29875,29879],{},[166,29876,29877],{"href":12347},[15,29878,12542],{}," if you need that.",[33,29881,29882,29886],{},[123,29883,4486,29884,27472],{},[15,29885,12549],{},[30,29887,29888],{},[33,29889,29890],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,29892,29893,29896],{},[123,29894,29895],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,29897,29898],{},[33,29899,29900,451,29902,29904],{},[15,29901,12549],{},[15,29903,21432],{}," tuple.",[20,29906,29907],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[46,29909,29911],{"className":48,"code":29910,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29912,29913,29923,29937,29941,29955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29914,29915,29917,29919,29921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29916,106],{"class":105},[55,29918,109],{"class":91},[55,29920,11230],{"class":95},[55,29922,342],{"class":91},[55,29924,29925,29927,29929,29931,29933,29935],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29926,106],{"class":105},[55,29928,109],{"class":91},[55,29930,10942],{"class":105},[55,29932,109],{"class":91},[55,29934,11230],{"class":95},[55,29936,1273],{"class":91},[55,29938,29939],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,29940,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,29942,29943,29945,29947,29949,29951,29953],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,29944,28310],{"class":61},[55,29946,66],{"class":65},[55,29948,11546],{"class":61},[55,29950,92],{"class":91},[55,29952,28319],{"class":95},[55,29954,99],{"class":91},[55,29956,29957,29959,29961,29963],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,29958,106],{"class":105},[55,29960,109],{"class":91},[55,29962,23087],{"class":95},[55,29964,342],{"class":91},[20,29966,29967],{},"Or with unpacking:",[46,29969,29971],{"className":48,"code":29970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29972,29973,29991,30001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29974,29975,29977,29979,29981,29983,29985,29987,29989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29976,14621],{"class":61},[55,29978,2764],{"class":91},[55,29980,21362],{"class":61},[55,29982,66],{"class":65},[55,29984,11546],{"class":61},[55,29986,92],{"class":91},[55,29988,28319],{"class":95},[55,29990,99],{"class":91},[55,29992,29993,29995,29997,29999],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,29994,106],{"class":105},[55,29996,109],{"class":91},[55,29998,14621],{"class":95},[55,30000,342],{"class":91},[55,30002,30003,30005,30007,30009],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,30004,106],{"class":105},[55,30006,109],{"class":91},[55,30008,2245],{"class":95},[55,30010,342],{"class":91},[131,30012,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,30014,1603,30016,4928],{"id":30015},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30017,12549],{},[20,30019,30020,30021,92],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30022,30023],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1003,30025,1581,30027,30029],{"id":30026},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30028,12549],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30031,30032],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1003,30034,30036,30037,30039],{"id":30035},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30038,12549],{}," removes?",[20,30041,30042,30043,30047],{},"No. Use ",[166,30044,30045],{"href":12347},[15,30046,12542],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1003,30049,1581,30051,14676],{"id":30050},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30052,12549],{},[20,30054,30055],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1003,30057,30059,30060,30062],{"id":30058},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30061,12549],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30064,30065,30066,30068,30069,92],{},"It raises ",[15,30067,19465],{}," with the message ",[15,30070,29468],{},[131,30072,1643],{"id":1642},[30,30074,30075,30082,30088,30094,30100,30107,30111,30115],{},[33,30076,30077],{},[166,30078,30079,30081],{"href":12347},[15,30080,12542],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,30083,30084],{},[166,30085,30086,30081],{"href":16853},[15,30087,16856],{},[33,30089,30090],{},[166,30091,30092,30081],{"href":16840},[15,30093,16843],{},[33,30095,30096],{},[166,30097,30098,30081],{"href":16846},[15,30099,16849],{},[33,30101,30102],{},[166,30103,30105,30081],{"href":30104},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30106,11102],{},[33,30108,30109],{},[166,30110,12566],{"href":12354},[33,30112,30113],{},[166,30114,21235],{"href":16376},[33,30116,30117],{},[166,30118,30119,30120],{"href":29632},"Fix ",[15,30121,29635],{},[1696,30123,30124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":30126},[30127,30128,30130,30131,30132,30133,30134,30135,30140,30145,30147,30148,30160],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":28406,"depth":80,"text":30129},"What popitem() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":28476,"depth":80,"text":28477},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":28829,"depth":80,"text":28830},{"id":29020,"depth":80,"text":29021},{"id":29148,"depth":80,"text":30136,"children":30137},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30138,30139],{"id":28319,"depth":102,"text":12549},{"id":26014,"depth":102,"text":12542},{"id":29417,"depth":80,"text":29418,"children":30141},[30142,30143],{"id":29474,"depth":102,"text":29475},{"id":29549,"depth":102,"text":30144},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29638,"depth":80,"text":30146},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":30149},[30150,30152,30154,30156,30158],{"id":30015,"depth":102,"text":30151},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30026,"depth":102,"text":30153},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30035,"depth":102,"text":30155},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30050,"depth":102,"text":30157},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30058,"depth":102,"text":30159},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28145,"description":30161},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30168,"title":30169,"body":30170,"description":32073,"extension":1733,"meta":32074,"navigation":248,"path":13812,"seo":32075,"stem":32076,"__hash__":32077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30171,"toc":32045},[30172,30177,30182,30185,30187,30284,30289,30294,30299,30302,30310,30313,30328,30330,30430,30432,30489,30493,30495,30498,30518,30523,30534,30537,30564,30567,30569,30626,30628,30649,30655,30660,30663,30674,30676,30784,30786,30839,30841,30853,30860,30866,30871,30874,30962,30964,31009,31012,31020,31023,31026,31095,31098,31101,31105,31108,31179,31181,31234,31237,31240,31243,31258,31261,31273,31276,31339,31341,31347,31349,31351,31430,31432,31473,31475,31540,31542,31579,31584,31589,31593,31607,31610,31733,31735,31820,31825,31827,31831,31853,31856,31936,31939,31958,31963,31965,31971,31976,31982,31985,31991,31994,32000,32005,32011,32017,32019,32042],[10,30173,11099,30175,18],{"id":30174},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30176,14734],{},[20,30178,1750,30179,30181],{},[15,30180,14734],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30183,30184],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[131,30186,1775],{"id":1774},[46,30188,30190],{"className":48,"code":30189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30191,30192,30228,30269,30279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30193,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222,30224,30226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30195,12983],{"class":61},[55,30197,66],{"class":65},[55,30199,10272],{"class":91},[55,30201,228],{"class":69},[55,30203,273],{"class":73},[55,30205,228],{"class":69},[55,30207,539],{"class":91},[55,30209,70],{"class":69},[55,30211,12660],{"class":73},[55,30213,228],{"class":69},[55,30215,2764],{"class":91},[55,30217,70],{"class":69},[55,30219,9079],{"class":73},[55,30221,228],{"class":69},[55,30223,539],{"class":91},[55,30225,7574],{"class":1210},[55,30227,9089],{"class":91},[55,30229,30230,30232,30234,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30250,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262,30264,30266],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,30231,17085],{"class":61},[55,30233,92],{"class":91},[55,30235,30236],{"class":95},"update",[55,30238,5314],{"class":91},[55,30240,228],{"class":69},[55,30242,9079],{"class":73},[55,30244,228],{"class":69},[55,30246,539],{"class":91},[55,30248,30249],{"class":1210}," 21",[55,30251,2764],{"class":91},[55,30253,70],{"class":69},[55,30255,10190],{"class":73},[55,30257,228],{"class":69},[55,30259,539],{"class":91},[55,30261,70],{"class":69},[55,30263,15810],{"class":73},[55,30265,228],{"class":69},[55,30267,30268],{"class":91},"})\n",[55,30270,30271,30273,30275,30277],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,30272,106],{"class":105},[55,30274,109],{"class":91},[55,30276,17085],{"class":95},[55,30278,342],{"class":91},[55,30280,30281],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,30282,30283],{"class":118},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30285,1866,30286,30288],{},[15,30287,14734],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[131,30290,134,30292,137],{"id":30291},"what-update-does",[15,30293,14734],{},[20,30295,30296,30298],{},[15,30297,14734],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30300,30301],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30303,30304,30307],{},[33,30305,30306],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30308,30309],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30311,30312],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30314,30315,30318,30321,30325],{},[33,30316,30317],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30319,30320],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30322,4931,30323],{},[15,30324,3556],{},[33,30326,30327],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30329,214],{},[46,30331,30333],{"className":48,"code":30332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30334,30335,30377,30420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30336,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370,30373,30375],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30338,12643],{"class":61},[55,30340,66],{"class":65},[55,30342,10272],{"class":91},[55,30344,228],{"class":69},[55,30346,273],{"class":73},[55,30348,228],{"class":69},[55,30350,539],{"class":91},[55,30352,70],{"class":69},[55,30354,30355],{"class":73},"Mira",[55,30357,228],{"class":69},[55,30359,2764],{"class":91},[55,30361,70],{"class":69},[55,30363,19669],{"class":73},[55,30365,228],{"class":69},[55,30367,539],{"class":91},[55,30369,70],{"class":69},[55,30371,30372],{"class":73},"B",[55,30374,228],{"class":69},[55,30376,9089],{"class":91},[55,30378,30379,30381,30383,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411,30413,30416,30418],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,30380,13405],{"class":61},[55,30382,92],{"class":91},[55,30384,30236],{"class":95},[55,30386,5314],{"class":91},[55,30388,228],{"class":69},[55,30390,19669],{"class":73},[55,30392,228],{"class":69},[55,30394,539],{"class":91},[55,30396,70],{"class":69},[55,30398,22021],{"class":73},[55,30400,228],{"class":69},[55,30402,2764],{"class":91},[55,30404,70],{"class":69},[55,30406,10190],{"class":73},[55,30408,228],{"class":69},[55,30410,539],{"class":91},[55,30412,70],{"class":69},[55,30414,30415],{"class":73},"Quito",[55,30417,228],{"class":69},[55,30419,30268],{"class":91},[55,30421,30422,30424,30426,30428],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,30423,106],{"class":105},[55,30425,109],{"class":91},[55,30427,13405],{"class":95},[55,30429,342],{"class":91},[20,30431,357],{},[46,30433,30435],{"className":48,"code":30434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30436,30437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30438,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30440,9058],{"class":91},[55,30442,3077],{"class":69},[55,30444,273],{"class":73},[55,30446,3077],{"class":69},[55,30448,539],{"class":91},[55,30450,3072],{"class":69},[55,30452,30355],{"class":73},[55,30454,3077],{"class":69},[55,30456,2764],{"class":91},[55,30458,3072],{"class":69},[55,30460,19669],{"class":73},[55,30462,3077],{"class":69},[55,30464,539],{"class":91},[55,30466,3072],{"class":69},[55,30468,22021],{"class":73},[55,30470,3077],{"class":69},[55,30472,2764],{"class":91},[55,30474,3072],{"class":69},[55,30476,10190],{"class":73},[55,30478,3077],{"class":69},[55,30480,539],{"class":91},[55,30482,3072],{"class":69},[55,30484,30415],{"class":73},[55,30486,3077],{"class":69},[55,30488,9089],{"class":91},[20,30490,8931,30491,92],{},[166,30492,24403],{"href":9171},[131,30494,178],{"id":177},[20,30496,30497],{},"The basic form is:",[46,30499,30501],{"className":48,"code":30500,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30502,30503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30504,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30516],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30506,15383],{"class":61},[55,30508,92],{"class":91},[55,30510,30236],{"class":95},[55,30512,109],{"class":91},[55,30514,30515],{"class":95},"other",[55,30517,342],{"class":91},[20,30519,30520,30522],{},[15,30521,30515],{}," can be:",[30,30524,30525,30528,30531],{},[33,30526,30527],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30529,30530],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30532,30533],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30535,30536],{},"You can also use:",[46,30538,30540],{"className":48,"code":30539,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30541,30542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30543,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30545,15383],{"class":61},[55,30547,92],{"class":91},[55,30549,30236],{"class":95},[55,30551,109],{"class":91},[55,30553,273],{"class":8955},[55,30555,66],{"class":65},[55,30557,228],{"class":69},[55,30559,7460],{"class":73},[55,30561,228],{"class":69},[55,30563,342],{"class":91},[20,30565,30566],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30568,214],{},[46,30570,30572],{"className":48,"code":30571,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30573,30574,30594,30616],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30575,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30577,8945],{"class":61},[55,30579,66],{"class":65},[55,30581,10272],{"class":91},[55,30583,228],{"class":69},[55,30585,166],{"class":73},[55,30587,228],{"class":69},[55,30589,539],{"class":91},[55,30591,5282],{"class":1210},[55,30593,9089],{"class":91},[55,30595,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,30597,8984],{"class":61},[55,30599,92],{"class":91},[55,30601,30236],{"class":95},[55,30603,5314],{"class":91},[55,30605,228],{"class":69},[55,30607,166],{"class":73},[55,30609,228],{"class":69},[55,30611,539],{"class":91},[55,30613,5790],{"class":1210},[55,30615,30268],{"class":91},[55,30617,30618,30620,30622,30624],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,30619,106],{"class":105},[55,30621,109],{"class":91},[55,30623,8984],{"class":95},[55,30625,342],{"class":91},[20,30627,357],{},[46,30629,30631],{"className":48,"code":30630,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30632,30633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30634,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30636,9058],{"class":91},[55,30638,3077],{"class":69},[55,30640,166],{"class":73},[55,30642,3077],{"class":69},[55,30644,539],{"class":91},[55,30646,5790],{"class":1210},[55,30648,9089],{"class":91},[131,30650,1185,30652,30654],{"id":30651},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30653,14734],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30656,30657,30658,92],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30659,14734],{},[20,30661,30662],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30664,30665,30668,30671],{},[33,30666,30667],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30669,30670],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30672,30673],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30675,214],{},[46,30677,30679],{"className":48,"code":30678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30680,30681,30718,30755,30759,30774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30682,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30684,13605],{"class":61},[55,30686,66],{"class":65},[55,30688,10272],{"class":91},[55,30690,228],{"class":69},[55,30692,12275],{"class":73},[55,30694,228],{"class":69},[55,30696,539],{"class":91},[55,30698,70],{"class":69},[55,30700,20706],{"class":73},[55,30702,228],{"class":69},[55,30704,2764],{"class":91},[55,30706,70],{"class":69},[55,30708,13630],{"class":73},[55,30710,228],{"class":69},[55,30712,539],{"class":91},[55,30714,30715],{"class":1210}," 12",[55,30717,9089],{"class":91},[55,30719,30720,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,30721,30722],{"class":61},"new_settings ",[55,30724,66],{"class":65},[55,30726,10272],{"class":91},[55,30728,228],{"class":69},[55,30730,13630],{"class":73},[55,30732,228],{"class":69},[55,30734,539],{"class":91},[55,30736,13637],{"class":1210},[55,30738,2764],{"class":91},[55,30740,70],{"class":69},[55,30742,19901],{"class":73},[55,30744,228],{"class":69},[55,30746,539],{"class":91},[55,30748,70],{"class":69},[55,30750,19935],{"class":73},[55,30752,228],{"class":69},[55,30754,9089],{"class":91},[55,30756,30757],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,30758,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,30760,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30772],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,30762,13664],{"class":61},[55,30764,92],{"class":91},[55,30766,30236],{"class":95},[55,30768,109],{"class":91},[55,30770,30771],{"class":95},"new_settings",[55,30773,342],{"class":91},[55,30775,30776,30778,30780,30782],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,30777,106],{"class":105},[55,30779,109],{"class":91},[55,30781,13664],{"class":95},[55,30783,342],{"class":91},[20,30785,357],{},[46,30787,30789],{"className":48,"code":30788,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30790,30791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30792,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30794,9058],{"class":91},[55,30796,3077],{"class":69},[55,30798,12275],{"class":73},[55,30800,3077],{"class":69},[55,30802,539],{"class":91},[55,30804,3072],{"class":69},[55,30806,20706],{"class":73},[55,30808,3077],{"class":69},[55,30810,2764],{"class":91},[55,30812,3072],{"class":69},[55,30814,13630],{"class":73},[55,30816,3077],{"class":69},[55,30818,539],{"class":91},[55,30820,13637],{"class":1210},[55,30822,2764],{"class":91},[55,30824,3072],{"class":69},[55,30826,19901],{"class":73},[55,30828,3077],{"class":69},[55,30830,539],{"class":91},[55,30832,3072],{"class":69},[55,30834,19935],{"class":73},[55,30836,3077],{"class":69},[55,30838,9089],{"class":91},[20,30840,13188],{},[30,30842,30843,30848],{},[33,30844,30845,30847],{},[15,30846,13630],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,30849,30850,30852],{},[15,30851,19901],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30854,30855,30856,92],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[166,30857,30859],{"href":30858},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[131,30861,1185,30863,30865],{"id":30862},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30864,14734],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30867,30868,30870],{},[15,30869,14734],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30872,30873],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[46,30875,30877],{"className":48,"code":30876,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30878,30879,30899,30934,30938,30952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30880,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30882,4847],{"class":61},[55,30884,66],{"class":65},[55,30886,10272],{"class":91},[55,30888,228],{"class":69},[55,30890,18194],{"class":73},[55,30892,228],{"class":69},[55,30894,539],{"class":91},[55,30896,19676],{"class":1210},[55,30898,9089],{"class":91},[55,30900,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30926,30928,30930,30932],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,30902,8995],{"class":61},[55,30904,66],{"class":65},[55,30906,9000],{"class":91},[55,30908,228],{"class":69},[55,30910,18203],{"class":73},[55,30912,228],{"class":69},[55,30914,2764],{"class":91},[55,30916,13286],{"class":1210},[55,30918,9013],{"class":91},[55,30920,9016],{"class":91},[55,30922,228],{"class":69},[55,30924,30925],{"class":73},"english",[55,30927,228],{"class":69},[55,30929,2764],{"class":91},[55,30931,28692],{"class":1210},[55,30933,9029],{"class":91},[55,30935,30936],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,30937,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,30939,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,30941,16168],{"class":61},[55,30943,92],{"class":91},[55,30945,30236],{"class":95},[55,30947,109],{"class":91},[55,30949,9042],{"class":95},[55,30951,342],{"class":91},[55,30953,30954,30956,30958,30960],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,30955,106],{"class":105},[55,30957,109],{"class":91},[55,30959,16168],{"class":95},[55,30961,342],{"class":91},[20,30963,357],{},[46,30965,30967],{"className":48,"code":30966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30968,30969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30970,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30972,9058],{"class":91},[55,30974,3077],{"class":69},[55,30976,18194],{"class":73},[55,30978,3077],{"class":69},[55,30980,539],{"class":91},[55,30982,19676],{"class":1210},[55,30984,2764],{"class":91},[55,30986,3072],{"class":69},[55,30988,18203],{"class":73},[55,30990,3077],{"class":69},[55,30992,539],{"class":91},[55,30994,13286],{"class":1210},[55,30996,2764],{"class":91},[55,30998,3072],{"class":69},[55,31000,30925],{"class":73},[55,31002,3077],{"class":69},[55,31004,539],{"class":91},[55,31006,28692],{"class":1210},[55,31008,9089],{"class":91},[20,31010,31011],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,31013,31014,31017],{},[33,31015,31016],{},"The key",[33,31018,31019],{},"The value",[20,31021,31022],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31024,31025],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[46,31027,31029],{"className":48,"code":31028,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31030,31031,31051,31076,31080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31032,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31034,8945],{"class":61},[55,31036,66],{"class":65},[55,31038,10272],{"class":91},[55,31040,228],{"class":69},[55,31042,166],{"class":73},[55,31044,228],{"class":69},[55,31046,539],{"class":91},[55,31048,5282],{"class":1210},[55,31050,9089],{"class":91},[55,31052,31053,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31054,31055],{"class":61},"bad_pairs ",[55,31057,66],{"class":65},[55,31059,9000],{"class":91},[55,31061,228],{"class":69},[55,31063,4543],{"class":73},[55,31065,228],{"class":69},[55,31067,2764],{"class":91},[55,31069,2767],{"class":1210},[55,31071,2764],{"class":91},[55,31073,2223],{"class":1210},[55,31075,9029],{"class":91},[55,31077,31078],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,31079,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,31081,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31093],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,31083,8984],{"class":61},[55,31085,92],{"class":91},[55,31087,30236],{"class":95},[55,31089,109],{"class":91},[55,31091,31092],{"class":95},"bad_pairs",[55,31094,342],{"class":91},[20,31096,31097],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31099,31100],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[131,31102,31104],{"id":31103},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31106,31107],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[46,31109,31111],{"className":48,"code":31110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31112,31113,31137,31169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31114,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31116,11267],{"class":61},[55,31118,66],{"class":65},[55,31120,10272],{"class":91},[55,31122,228],{"class":69},[55,31124,273],{"class":73},[55,31126,228],{"class":69},[55,31128,539],{"class":91},[55,31130,70],{"class":69},[55,31132,28685],{"class":73},[55,31134,228],{"class":69},[55,31136,9089],{"class":91},[55,31138,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31158,31160,31162,31165,31167],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31140,11361],{"class":61},[55,31142,92],{"class":91},[55,31144,30236],{"class":95},[55,31146,109],{"class":91},[55,31148,9079],{"class":8955},[55,31150,66],{"class":65},[55,31152,8973],{"class":1210},[55,31154,2764],{"class":91},[55,31156,31157],{"class":8955}," city",[55,31159,66],{"class":65},[55,31161,228],{"class":69},[55,31163,31164],{"class":73},"Madrid",[55,31166,228],{"class":69},[55,31168,342],{"class":91},[55,31170,31171,31173,31175,31177],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,31172,106],{"class":105},[55,31174,109],{"class":91},[55,31176,11361],{"class":95},[55,31178,342],{"class":91},[20,31180,357],{},[46,31182,31184],{"className":48,"code":31183,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31185,31186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31187,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31189,9058],{"class":91},[55,31191,3077],{"class":69},[55,31193,273],{"class":73},[55,31195,3077],{"class":69},[55,31197,539],{"class":91},[55,31199,3072],{"class":69},[55,31201,28685],{"class":73},[55,31203,3077],{"class":69},[55,31205,2764],{"class":91},[55,31207,3072],{"class":69},[55,31209,9079],{"class":73},[55,31211,3077],{"class":69},[55,31213,539],{"class":91},[55,31215,9086],{"class":1210},[55,31217,2764],{"class":91},[55,31219,3072],{"class":69},[55,31221,10190],{"class":73},[55,31223,3077],{"class":69},[55,31225,539],{"class":91},[55,31227,3072],{"class":69},[55,31229,31164],{"class":73},[55,31231,3077],{"class":69},[55,31233,9089],{"class":91},[20,31235,31236],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31238,31239],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31241,31242],{},"These work:",[30,31244,31245,31249,31253],{},[33,31246,31247],{},[15,31248,9079],{},[33,31250,31251],{},[15,31252,10190],{},[33,31254,31255],{},[15,31256,31257],{},"first_name",[20,31259,31260],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31262,31263,31268],{},[33,31264,31265],{},[15,31266,31267],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31269,31270],{},[15,31271,31272],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31274,31275],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[46,31277,31279],{"className":48,"code":31278,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31280,31281,31289,31329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31282,31283,31285,31287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31284,11267],{"class":61},[55,31286,66],{"class":65},[55,31288,9619],{"class":91},[55,31290,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31320,31322,31324,31327],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31292,11361],{"class":61},[55,31294,92],{"class":91},[55,31296,30236],{"class":95},[55,31298,5314],{"class":91},[55,31300,228],{"class":69},[55,31302,10294],{"class":73},[55,31304,228],{"class":69},[55,31306,539],{"class":91},[55,31308,70],{"class":69},[55,31310,28685],{"class":73},[55,31312,228],{"class":69},[55,31314,2764],{"class":91},[55,31316,70],{"class":69},[55,31318,31319],{"class":73},"user-id",[55,31321,228],{"class":69},[55,31323,539],{"class":91},[55,31325,31326],{"class":1210}," 1001",[55,31328,30268],{"class":91},[55,31330,31331,31333,31335,31337],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,31332,106],{"class":105},[55,31334,109],{"class":91},[55,31336,11361],{"class":95},[55,31338,342],{"class":91},[131,31340,446],{"id":445},[20,31342,31343,2168,31345,92],{},[15,31344,14734],{},[15,31346,3556],{},[20,31348,13828],{},[20,31350,24483],{},[46,31352,31354],{"className":48,"code":31353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31355,31356,31380,31406,31410,31420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31357,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31359,12983],{"class":61},[55,31361,66],{"class":65},[55,31363,10272],{"class":91},[55,31365,228],{"class":69},[55,31367,273],{"class":73},[55,31369,228],{"class":69},[55,31371,539],{"class":91},[55,31373,70],{"class":69},[55,31375,12660],{"class":73},[55,31377,228],{"class":69},[55,31379,9089],{"class":91},[55,31381,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31383,83],{"class":61},[55,31385,66],{"class":65},[55,31387,13026],{"class":61},[55,31389,92],{"class":91},[55,31391,30236],{"class":95},[55,31393,5314],{"class":91},[55,31395,228],{"class":69},[55,31397,9079],{"class":73},[55,31399,228],{"class":69},[55,31401,539],{"class":91},[55,31403,7574],{"class":1210},[55,31405,30268],{"class":91},[55,31407,31408],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,31409,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,31411,31412,31414,31416,31418],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,31413,106],{"class":105},[55,31415,109],{"class":91},[55,31417,112],{"class":95},[55,31419,342],{"class":91},[55,31421,31422,31424,31426,31428],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,31423,106],{"class":105},[55,31425,109],{"class":91},[55,31427,17085],{"class":95},[55,31429,342],{"class":91},[20,31431,357],{},[46,31433,31435],{"className":48,"code":31434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31436,31437,31441],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31438,31439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31440,11588],{"class":3631},[55,31442,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31444,9058],{"class":91},[55,31446,3077],{"class":69},[55,31448,273],{"class":73},[55,31450,3077],{"class":69},[55,31452,539],{"class":91},[55,31454,3072],{"class":69},[55,31456,12660],{"class":73},[55,31458,3077],{"class":69},[55,31460,2764],{"class":91},[55,31462,3072],{"class":69},[55,31464,9079],{"class":73},[55,31466,3077],{"class":69},[55,31468,539],{"class":91},[55,31470,7574],{"class":1210},[55,31472,9089],{"class":91},[20,31474,1055],{},[46,31476,31478],{"className":48,"code":31477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31479,31480,31504,31526,31530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31481,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31483,12983],{"class":61},[55,31485,66],{"class":65},[55,31487,10272],{"class":91},[55,31489,228],{"class":69},[55,31491,273],{"class":73},[55,31493,228],{"class":69},[55,31495,539],{"class":91},[55,31497,70],{"class":69},[55,31499,12660],{"class":73},[55,31501,228],{"class":69},[55,31503,9089],{"class":91},[55,31505,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31507,17085],{"class":61},[55,31509,92],{"class":91},[55,31511,30236],{"class":95},[55,31513,5314],{"class":91},[55,31515,228],{"class":69},[55,31517,9079],{"class":73},[55,31519,228],{"class":69},[55,31521,539],{"class":91},[55,31523,7574],{"class":1210},[55,31525,30268],{"class":91},[55,31527,31528],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,31529,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,31531,31532,31534,31536,31538],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,31533,106],{"class":105},[55,31535,109],{"class":91},[55,31537,17085],{"class":95},[55,31539,342],{"class":91},[20,31541,357],{},[46,31543,31545],{"className":48,"code":31544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31546,31547],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31548,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31550,9058],{"class":91},[55,31552,3077],{"class":69},[55,31554,273],{"class":73},[55,31556,3077],{"class":69},[55,31558,539],{"class":91},[55,31560,3072],{"class":69},[55,31562,12660],{"class":73},[55,31564,3077],{"class":69},[55,31566,2764],{"class":91},[55,31568,3072],{"class":69},[55,31570,9079],{"class":73},[55,31572,3077],{"class":69},[55,31574,539],{"class":91},[55,31576,7574],{"class":1210},[55,31578,9089],{"class":91},[20,31580,31581,31582,92],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[166,31583,17681],{"href":10512},[131,31585,4744,31587],{"id":31586},"when-to-use-update",[15,31588,14734],{},[20,31590,1866,31591,10382],{},[15,31592,14734],{},[30,31594,31595,31598,31601,31604],{},[33,31596,31597],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31599,31600],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31602,31603],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31605,31606],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31608,31609],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[46,31611,31613],{"className":48,"code":31612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31614,31615,31651,31666,31670,31709,31713,31723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31616,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31618,11866],{"class":61},[55,31620,66],{"class":65},[55,31622,10272],{"class":91},[55,31624,228],{"class":69},[55,31626,273],{"class":73},[55,31628,228],{"class":69},[55,31630,539],{"class":91},[55,31632,70],{"class":69},[55,31634,12660],{"class":73},[55,31636,228],{"class":69},[55,31638,2764],{"class":91},[55,31640,70],{"class":69},[55,31642,9079],{"class":73},[55,31644,228],{"class":69},[55,31646,539],{"class":91},[55,31648,7574],{"class":1210},[55,31650,9089],{"class":91},[55,31652,31653,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31654,31655],{"class":61},"updated ",[55,31657,66],{"class":65},[55,31659,11941],{"class":61},[55,31661,92],{"class":91},[55,31663,12691],{"class":95},[55,31665,99],{"class":91},[55,31667,31668],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,31669,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,31671,31672,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,31673,31674],{"class":61},"updated",[55,31676,92],{"class":91},[55,31678,30236],{"class":95},[55,31680,5314],{"class":91},[55,31682,228],{"class":69},[55,31684,9079],{"class":73},[55,31686,228],{"class":69},[55,31688,539],{"class":91},[55,31690,30249],{"class":1210},[55,31692,2764],{"class":91},[55,31694,70],{"class":69},[55,31696,10190],{"class":73},[55,31698,228],{"class":69},[55,31700,539],{"class":91},[55,31702,70],{"class":69},[55,31704,15810],{"class":73},[55,31706,228],{"class":69},[55,31708,30268],{"class":91},[55,31710,31711],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,31712,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,31714,31715,31717,31719,31721],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,31716,106],{"class":105},[55,31718,109],{"class":91},[55,31720,11913],{"class":95},[55,31722,342],{"class":91},[55,31724,31725,31727,31729,31731],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,31726,106],{"class":105},[55,31728,109],{"class":91},[55,31730,31674],{"class":95},[55,31732,342],{"class":91},[20,31734,357],{},[46,31736,31738],{"className":48,"code":31737,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31739,31740,31772],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31741,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31743,9058],{"class":91},[55,31745,3077],{"class":69},[55,31747,273],{"class":73},[55,31749,3077],{"class":69},[55,31751,539],{"class":91},[55,31753,3072],{"class":69},[55,31755,12660],{"class":73},[55,31757,3077],{"class":69},[55,31759,2764],{"class":91},[55,31761,3072],{"class":69},[55,31763,9079],{"class":73},[55,31765,3077],{"class":69},[55,31767,539],{"class":91},[55,31769,7574],{"class":1210},[55,31771,9089],{"class":91},[55,31773,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31775,9058],{"class":91},[55,31777,3077],{"class":69},[55,31779,273],{"class":73},[55,31781,3077],{"class":69},[55,31783,539],{"class":91},[55,31785,3072],{"class":69},[55,31787,12660],{"class":73},[55,31789,3077],{"class":69},[55,31791,2764],{"class":91},[55,31793,3072],{"class":69},[55,31795,9079],{"class":73},[55,31797,3077],{"class":69},[55,31799,539],{"class":91},[55,31801,30249],{"class":1210},[55,31803,2764],{"class":91},[55,31805,3072],{"class":69},[55,31807,10190],{"class":73},[55,31809,3077],{"class":69},[55,31811,539],{"class":91},[55,31813,3072],{"class":69},[55,31815,15810],{"class":73},[55,31817,3077],{"class":69},[55,31819,9089],{"class":91},[20,31821,31822,31823,92],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[166,31824,16377],{"href":16376},[131,31826,1001],{"id":1000},[20,31828,10528,31829,539],{},[15,31830,14734],{},[30,31832,31833,31840,31844,31847,31850],{},[33,31834,12375,31835,31837,31838],{},[15,31836,14734],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31839,3556],{},[33,31841,8235,31842,12383],{},[15,31843,14734],{},[33,31845,31846],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,31848,31849],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,31851,31852],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31854,31855],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[46,31857,31859],{"className":48,"code":31858,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31860,31861,31871,31885,31899,31921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31862,31863,31865,31867,31869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31864,106],{"class":105},[55,31866,109],{"class":91},[55,31868,11230],{"class":95},[55,31870,342],{"class":91},[55,31872,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,31874,106],{"class":105},[55,31876,109],{"class":91},[55,31878,1266],{"class":1265},[55,31880,109],{"class":91},[55,31882,8984],{"class":95},[55,31884,1273],{"class":91},[55,31886,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,31888,106],{"class":105},[55,31890,109],{"class":91},[55,31892,7877],{"class":1265},[55,31894,109],{"class":91},[55,31896,8984],{"class":95},[55,31898,1273],{"class":91},[55,31900,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,31902,106],{"class":105},[55,31904,109],{"class":91},[55,31906,11230],{"class":95},[55,31908,92],{"class":91},[55,31910,19528],{"class":95},[55,31912,109],{"class":91},[55,31914,3077],{"class":69},[55,31916,14621],{"class":73},[55,31918,3077],{"class":69},[55,31920,1273],{"class":91},[55,31922,31923,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,31924,31925],{"class":105},"help",[55,31927,109],{"class":91},[55,31929,8600],{"class":1265},[55,31931,92],{"class":91},[55,31933,30236],{"class":1047},[55,31935,342],{"class":91},[20,31937,31938],{},"These can help you check:",[30,31940,31941,31944,31949,31952,31955],{},[33,31942,31943],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,31945,31946,31947],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31948,14734],{},[33,31950,31951],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,31953,31954],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,31956,31957],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31959,31960,31961,92],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[166,31962,11043],{"href":10855},[131,31964,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,31966,1581,31968,31970],{"id":31967},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31969,14734],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31972,31973,31974,92],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31975,3556],{},[1003,31977,1581,31979,31981],{"id":31978},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31980,14734],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31983,31984],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1003,31986,4953,31988,31990],{"id":31987},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31989,14734],{}," add new keys?",[20,31992,31993],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1003,31995,1613,31997,31999],{"id":31996},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31998,14734],{}," with a list?",[20,32001,32002,32003,92],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32004,10875],{},[1003,32006,1626,32008,32010],{"id":32007},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32009,14734],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32012,32013,32014,32016],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32015,14734],{}," can change many keys at once.",[131,32018,1643],{"id":1642},[30,32020,32021,32025,32029,32034,32038],{},[33,32022,32023],{},[166,32024,25868],{"href":9171},[33,32026,32027],{},[166,32028,11032],{"href":10512},[33,32030,32031],{},[166,32032,32033],{"href":30858},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,32035,32036],{},[166,32037,21235],{"href":16376},[33,32039,32040],{},[166,32041,11043],{"href":10855},[1696,32043,32044],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":32046},[32047,32048,32050,32051,32053,32055,32056,32057,32059,32060,32072],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":30291,"depth":80,"text":32049},"What update() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":30651,"depth":80,"text":32052},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30862,"depth":80,"text":32054},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31103,"depth":80,"text":31104},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":31586,"depth":80,"text":32058},"When to use update()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":32061},[32062,32064,32066,32068,32070],{"id":31967,"depth":102,"text":32063},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31978,"depth":102,"text":32065},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31987,"depth":102,"text":32067},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31996,"depth":102,"text":32069},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32007,"depth":102,"text":32071},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30169,"description":32073},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32079,"title":32080,"body":32081,"description":34069,"extension":1733,"meta":34070,"navigation":248,"path":22671,"seo":34071,"stem":34072,"__hash__":34073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32082,"toc":34032},[32083,32088,32095,32098,32100,32199,32201,32256,32261,32266,32280,32285,32287,32302,32304,32318,32331,32336,32342,32349,32351,32458,32460,32509,32515,32590,32592,32613,32615,32618,32723,32725,32780,32782,32810,32814,32819,32898,32900,32920,32922,32933,32943,32947,32952,33056,33058,33083,33086,33097,33102,33111,33114,33131,33133,33220,33222,33285,33287,33310,33312,33317,33323,33328,33330,33369,33374,33377,33396,33407,33413,33416,33489,33491,33510,33515,33518,33541,33547,33550,33614,33617,33694,33701,33704,33763,33769,33771,33790,33794,33797,33848,33851,33871,33873,33934,33936,33941,33946,33951,33956,33961,33966,33972,33975,33984,33992,33994,34029],[10,32084,11099,32086,18],{"id":32085},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32087,16849],{},[20,32089,32090,32091,32094],{},"The Python ",[15,32092,32093],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32096,32097],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[131,32099,1775],{"id":1774},[46,32101,32103],{"className":48,"code":32102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32104,32105,32157,32171,32175,32185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32106,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32108,12643],{"class":61},[55,32110,66],{"class":65},[55,32112,10272],{"class":91},[55,32114,228],{"class":69},[55,32116,273],{"class":73},[55,32118,228],{"class":69},[55,32120,539],{"class":91},[55,32122,70],{"class":69},[55,32124,12660],{"class":73},[55,32126,228],{"class":69},[55,32128,2764],{"class":91},[55,32130,70],{"class":69},[55,32132,9079],{"class":73},[55,32134,228],{"class":69},[55,32136,539],{"class":91},[55,32138,7574],{"class":1210},[55,32140,2764],{"class":91},[55,32142,70],{"class":69},[55,32144,10190],{"class":73},[55,32146,228],{"class":69},[55,32148,539],{"class":91},[55,32150,70],{"class":69},[55,32152,15810],{"class":73},[55,32154,228],{"class":69},[55,32156,9089],{"class":91},[55,32158,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32160,3601],{"class":61},[55,32162,66],{"class":65},[55,32164,12686],{"class":61},[55,32166,92],{"class":91},[55,32168,5142],{"class":95},[55,32170,99],{"class":91},[55,32172,32173],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,32174,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,32176,32177,32179,32181,32183],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,32178,106],{"class":105},[55,32180,109],{"class":91},[55,32182,5142],{"class":95},[55,32184,342],{"class":91},[55,32186,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,32188,106],{"class":105},[55,32190,109],{"class":91},[55,32192,7877],{"class":1265},[55,32194,109],{"class":91},[55,32196,5142],{"class":95},[55,32198,1273],{"class":91},[20,32200,357],{},[46,32202,32204],{"className":48,"code":32203,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32205,32206,32232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32207,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32209,16815],{"class":95},[55,32211,2758],{"class":91},[55,32213,3077],{"class":69},[55,32215,12660],{"class":73},[55,32217,3077],{"class":69},[55,32219,2764],{"class":91},[55,32221,7574],{"class":1210},[55,32223,2764],{"class":91},[55,32225,3072],{"class":69},[55,32227,15810],{"class":73},[55,32229,3077],{"class":69},[55,32231,3668],{"class":91},[55,32233,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32235,3680],{"class":91},[55,32237,3077],{"class":69},[55,32239,12660],{"class":73},[55,32241,3077],{"class":69},[55,32243,2764],{"class":91},[55,32245,7574],{"class":1210},[55,32247,2764],{"class":91},[55,32249,3072],{"class":69},[55,32251,15810],{"class":73},[55,32253,3077],{"class":69},[55,32255,3413],{"class":91},[20,32257,32258,32260],{},[15,32259,16849],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[131,32262,134,32264,137],{"id":32263},"what-values-does",[15,32265,16849],{},[30,32267,32268,32271,32274,32277],{},[33,32269,32270],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32272,32273],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32275,32276],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32278,32279],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32281,32282,32283,92],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[166,32284,9172],{"href":9171},[131,32286,178],{"id":177},[46,32288,32290],{"className":48,"code":32289,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32291,32292],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32293,32294,32296,32298,32300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32295,11230],{"class":61},[55,32297,92],{"class":91},[55,32299,5142],{"class":95},[55,32301,99],{"class":91},[20,32303,145],{},[30,32305,32306,32310,32313],{},[33,32307,32308,11246],{},[15,32309,16849],{},[33,32311,32312],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32314,32315,32316],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32317,16849],{},[20,32319,32320,32321,1377,32326,92],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[166,32322,32323,32325],{"href":16840},[15,32324,16843],{}," for dictionary keys",[166,32327,32328,32330],{"href":16853},[15,32329,16856],{}," for key-value pairs",[131,32332,134,32334,11485],{"id":32333},"what-values-returns",[15,32335,16849],{},[20,32337,32338,451,32340,24538],{},[15,32339,16849],{},[15,32341,16815],{},[20,32343,32344,32345,32348],{},"This object is a ",[123,32346,32347],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32350,214],{},[46,32352,32354],{"className":48,"code":32353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32355,32356,32392,32396,32411,32422,32426,32448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32357,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32359,12983],{"class":61},[55,32361,66],{"class":65},[55,32363,10272],{"class":91},[55,32365,228],{"class":69},[55,32367,273],{"class":73},[55,32369,228],{"class":69},[55,32371,539],{"class":91},[55,32373,70],{"class":69},[55,32375,7705],{"class":73},[55,32377,228],{"class":69},[55,32379,2764],{"class":91},[55,32381,70],{"class":69},[55,32383,9079],{"class":73},[55,32385,228],{"class":69},[55,32387,539],{"class":91},[55,32389,9086],{"class":1210},[55,32391,9089],{"class":91},[55,32393,32394],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32395,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,32397,32398,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,32399,32400],{"class":61},"values_view ",[55,32402,66],{"class":65},[55,32404,13026],{"class":61},[55,32406,92],{"class":91},[55,32408,5142],{"class":95},[55,32410,99],{"class":91},[55,32412,32413,32415,32417,32420],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,32414,106],{"class":105},[55,32416,109],{"class":91},[55,32418,32419],{"class":95},"values_view",[55,32421,342],{"class":91},[55,32423,32424],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,32425,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,32427,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,32429,17085],{"class":61},[55,32431,3680],{"class":91},[55,32433,228],{"class":69},[55,32435,10190],{"class":73},[55,32437,228],{"class":69},[55,32439,13052],{"class":91},[55,32441,13055],{"class":65},[55,32443,70],{"class":69},[55,32445,30415],{"class":73},[55,32447,77],{"class":69},[55,32449,32450,32452,32454,32456],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,32451,106],{"class":105},[55,32453,109],{"class":91},[55,32455,32419],{"class":95},[55,32457,342],{"class":91},[20,32459,357],{},[46,32461,32463],{"className":48,"code":32462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32464,32465,32483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32466,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32468,16815],{"class":95},[55,32470,2758],{"class":91},[55,32472,3077],{"class":69},[55,32474,7705],{"class":73},[55,32476,3077],{"class":69},[55,32478,2764],{"class":91},[55,32480,9086],{"class":1210},[55,32482,3668],{"class":91},[55,32484,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32486,16815],{"class":95},[55,32488,2758],{"class":91},[55,32490,3077],{"class":69},[55,32492,7705],{"class":73},[55,32494,3077],{"class":69},[55,32496,2764],{"class":91},[55,32498,9086],{"class":1210},[55,32500,2764],{"class":91},[55,32502,3072],{"class":69},[55,32504,30415],{"class":73},[55,32506,3077],{"class":69},[55,32508,3668],{"class":91},[20,32510,32511,32512,92],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32513,32514],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[46,32516,32518],{"className":48,"code":32517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32519,32520,32556,32575,32579],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32521,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32523,12983],{"class":61},[55,32525,66],{"class":65},[55,32527,10272],{"class":91},[55,32529,228],{"class":69},[55,32531,273],{"class":73},[55,32533,228],{"class":69},[55,32535,539],{"class":91},[55,32537,70],{"class":69},[55,32539,7705],{"class":73},[55,32541,228],{"class":69},[55,32543,2764],{"class":91},[55,32545,70],{"class":69},[55,32547,9079],{"class":73},[55,32549,228],{"class":69},[55,32551,539],{"class":91},[55,32553,9086],{"class":1210},[55,32555,9089],{"class":91},[55,32557,32558,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32559,32560],{"class":61},"values_list ",[55,32562,66],{"class":65},[55,32564,22336],{"class":1265},[55,32566,109],{"class":91},[55,32568,17085],{"class":95},[55,32570,92],{"class":91},[55,32572,5142],{"class":95},[55,32574,1087],{"class":91},[55,32576,32577],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,32578,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,32580,32581,32583,32585,32588],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,32582,106],{"class":105},[55,32584,109],{"class":91},[55,32586,32587],{"class":95},"values_list",[55,32589,342],{"class":91},[20,32591,357],{},[46,32593,32595],{"className":48,"code":32594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32596,32597],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32598,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32600,3680],{"class":91},[55,32602,3077],{"class":69},[55,32604,7705],{"class":73},[55,32606,3077],{"class":69},[55,32608,2764],{"class":91},[55,32610,9086],{"class":1210},[55,32612,3413],{"class":91},[131,32614,286],{"id":285},[20,32616,32617],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[46,32619,32621],{"className":48,"code":32620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32622,32623,32677,32681,32695,32699,32709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32624,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32658,32660,32662,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32626,24570],{"class":61},[55,32628,66],{"class":65},[55,32630,10272],{"class":91},[55,32632,228],{"class":69},[55,32634,24579],{"class":73},[55,32636,228],{"class":69},[55,32638,539],{"class":91},[55,32640,70],{"class":69},[55,32642,24588],{"class":73},[55,32644,228],{"class":69},[55,32646,2764],{"class":91},[55,32648,70],{"class":69},[55,32650,24597],{"class":73},[55,32652,228],{"class":69},[55,32654,539],{"class":91},[55,32656,32657],{"class":1210}," 2022",[55,32659,2764],{"class":91},[55,32661,70],{"class":69},[55,32663,32664],{"class":73},"color",[55,32666,228],{"class":69},[55,32668,539],{"class":91},[55,32670,70],{"class":69},[55,32672,705],{"class":73},[55,32674,228],{"class":69},[55,32676,9089],{"class":91},[55,32678,32679],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32680,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,32682,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,32684,83],{"class":61},[55,32686,66],{"class":65},[55,32688,24619],{"class":61},[55,32690,92],{"class":91},[55,32692,5142],{"class":95},[55,32694,99],{"class":91},[55,32696,32697],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,32698,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,32700,32701,32703,32705,32707],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,32702,106],{"class":105},[55,32704,109],{"class":91},[55,32706,112],{"class":95},[55,32708,342],{"class":91},[55,32710,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,32712,106],{"class":105},[55,32714,109],{"class":91},[55,32716,7877],{"class":1265},[55,32718,109],{"class":91},[55,32720,112],{"class":95},[55,32722,1273],{"class":91},[20,32724,357],{},[46,32726,32728],{"className":48,"code":32727,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32729,32730,32756],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32731,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32733,16815],{"class":95},[55,32735,2758],{"class":91},[55,32737,3077],{"class":69},[55,32739,24588],{"class":73},[55,32741,3077],{"class":69},[55,32743,2764],{"class":91},[55,32745,32657],{"class":1210},[55,32747,2764],{"class":91},[55,32749,3072],{"class":69},[55,32751,705],{"class":73},[55,32753,3077],{"class":69},[55,32755,3668],{"class":91},[55,32757,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32759,3680],{"class":91},[55,32761,3077],{"class":69},[55,32763,24588],{"class":73},[55,32765,3077],{"class":69},[55,32767,2764],{"class":91},[55,32769,32657],{"class":1210},[55,32771,2764],{"class":91},[55,32773,3072],{"class":69},[55,32775,705],{"class":73},[55,32777,3077],{"class":69},[55,32779,3413],{"class":91},[20,32781,11463],{},[30,32783,32784,32790,32796,32804],{},[33,32785,32786,32789],{},[15,32787,32788],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32791,32792,32795],{},[15,32793,32794],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32797,32798,32801,32802,24392],{},[15,32799,32800],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32803,16815],{},[33,32805,32806,32809],{},[15,32807,32808],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[131,32811,32813],{"id":32812},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32815,32816,32817,25837],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32818,5743],{},[46,32820,32822],{"className":48,"code":32821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32823,32824,32868,32872,32888],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32825,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32827,4847],{"class":61},[55,32829,66],{"class":65},[55,32831,10272],{"class":91},[55,32833,228],{"class":69},[55,32835,18194],{"class":73},[55,32837,228],{"class":69},[55,32839,539],{"class":91},[55,32841,19676],{"class":1210},[55,32843,2764],{"class":91},[55,32845,70],{"class":69},[55,32847,30925],{"class":73},[55,32849,228],{"class":69},[55,32851,539],{"class":91},[55,32853,13286],{"class":1210},[55,32855,2764],{"class":91},[55,32857,70],{"class":69},[55,32859,18203],{"class":73},[55,32861,228],{"class":69},[55,32863,539],{"class":91},[55,32865,28692],{"class":1210},[55,32867,9089],{"class":91},[55,32869,32870],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32871,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,32873,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,32875,5743],{"class":487},[55,32877,21362],{"class":61},[55,32879,3662],{"class":487},[55,32881,4894],{"class":61},[55,32883,92],{"class":91},[55,32885,5142],{"class":95},[55,32887,794],{"class":91},[55,32889,32890,32892,32894,32896],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,32891,516],{"class":105},[55,32893,109],{"class":91},[55,32895,2245],{"class":95},[55,32897,342],{"class":91},[20,32899,357],{},[46,32901,32903],{"className":48,"code":32902,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32904,32905,32910,32915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32906,32907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32908,32909],{"class":1210},"90\n",[55,32911,32912],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,32913,32914],{"class":1210},"85\n",[55,32916,32917],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,32918,32919],{"class":1210},"88\n",[20,32921,17487],{},[30,32923,32924,32927,32930],{},[33,32925,32926],{},"You only need the values",[33,32928,32929],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,32931,32932],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32934,32935,32936,2651,32940,92],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[166,32937,10518,32938,1573],{"href":16853},[15,32939,16856],{},[166,32941,22251],{"href":32942},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[131,32944,32946],{"id":32945},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32948,1866,32949,32951],{},[15,32950,32514],{}," when you need a list.",[46,32953,32955],{"className":48,"code":32954,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32956,32957,33003,33007,33027,33031,33042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32958,32959,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32995,32997,32999,33001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32960,32961],{"class":61},"fruit_prices ",[55,32963,66],{"class":65},[55,32965,10272],{"class":91},[55,32967,228],{"class":69},[55,32969,3860],{"class":73},[55,32971,228],{"class":69},[55,32973,539],{"class":91},[55,32975,2767],{"class":1210},[55,32977,2764],{"class":91},[55,32979,70],{"class":69},[55,32981,3869],{"class":73},[55,32983,228],{"class":69},[55,32985,539],{"class":91},[55,32987,5282],{"class":1210},[55,32989,2764],{"class":91},[55,32991,70],{"class":69},[55,32993,32994],{"class":73},"orange",[55,32996,228],{"class":69},[55,32998,539],{"class":91},[55,33000,2223],{"class":1210},[55,33002,9089],{"class":91},[55,33004,33005],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33006,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,33008,33009,33012,33014,33016,33018,33021,33023,33025],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33010,33011],{"class":61},"price_list ",[55,33013,66],{"class":65},[55,33015,22336],{"class":1265},[55,33017,109],{"class":91},[55,33019,33020],{"class":95},"fruit_prices",[55,33022,92],{"class":91},[55,33024,5142],{"class":95},[55,33026,1087],{"class":91},[55,33028,33029],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,33030,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,33032,33033,33035,33037,33040],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,33034,106],{"class":105},[55,33036,109],{"class":91},[55,33038,33039],{"class":95},"price_list",[55,33041,342],{"class":91},[55,33043,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,33045,106],{"class":105},[55,33047,109],{"class":91},[55,33049,33039],{"class":95},[55,33051,3680],{"class":91},[55,33053,1894],{"class":1210},[55,33055,3668],{"class":91},[20,33057,357],{},[46,33059,33061],{"className":48,"code":33060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33062,33063,33079],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33064,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33066,3680],{"class":91},[55,33068,1829],{"class":1210},[55,33070,2764],{"class":91},[55,33072,5282],{"class":1210},[55,33074,2764],{"class":91},[55,33076,2223],{"class":1210},[55,33078,3413],{"class":91},[55,33080,33081],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33082,16834],{"class":1210},[20,33084,33085],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,33087,33088,33091,33094],{},[33,33089,33090],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,33092,33093],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,33095,33096],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33098,3705,33099,33101],{},[15,33100,16815],{}," is not the same as a list.",[131,33103,33105,1477,33107,1477,33109],{"id":33104},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33106,16849],{},[15,33108,16843],{},[15,33110,16856],{},[20,33112,33113],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,33115,33116,33121,33126],{},[33,33117,33118,33120],{},[15,33119,16849],{}," returns only the values",[33,33122,33123,33125],{},[15,33124,16843],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33127,33128,33130],{},[15,33129,16856],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33132,1900],{},[46,33134,33136],{"className":48,"code":33135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33137,33138,33174,33178,33192,33206],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33139,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33141,12643],{"class":61},[55,33143,66],{"class":65},[55,33145,10272],{"class":91},[55,33147,228],{"class":69},[55,33149,273],{"class":73},[55,33151,228],{"class":69},[55,33153,539],{"class":91},[55,33155,70],{"class":69},[55,33157,12660],{"class":73},[55,33159,228],{"class":69},[55,33161,2764],{"class":91},[55,33163,70],{"class":69},[55,33165,9079],{"class":73},[55,33167,228],{"class":69},[55,33169,539],{"class":91},[55,33171,7574],{"class":1210},[55,33173,9089],{"class":91},[55,33175,33176],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33177,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,33179,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33181,106],{"class":105},[55,33183,109],{"class":91},[55,33185,13405],{"class":95},[55,33187,92],{"class":91},[55,33189,16701],{"class":95},[55,33191,1087],{"class":91},[55,33193,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,33195,106],{"class":105},[55,33197,109],{"class":91},[55,33199,13405],{"class":95},[55,33201,92],{"class":91},[55,33203,5142],{"class":95},[55,33205,1087],{"class":91},[55,33207,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,33209,106],{"class":105},[55,33211,109],{"class":91},[55,33213,13405],{"class":95},[55,33215,92],{"class":91},[55,33217,7594],{"class":95},[55,33219,1087],{"class":91},[20,33221,357],{},[46,33223,33225],{"className":48,"code":33224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33226,33227,33249,33267],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33228,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33230,16792],{"class":95},[55,33232,2758],{"class":91},[55,33234,3077],{"class":69},[55,33236,273],{"class":73},[55,33238,3077],{"class":69},[55,33240,2764],{"class":91},[55,33242,3072],{"class":69},[55,33244,9079],{"class":73},[55,33246,3077],{"class":69},[55,33248,3668],{"class":91},[55,33250,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33252,16815],{"class":95},[55,33254,2758],{"class":91},[55,33256,3077],{"class":69},[55,33258,12660],{"class":73},[55,33260,3077],{"class":69},[55,33262,2764],{"class":91},[55,33264,7574],{"class":1210},[55,33266,3668],{"class":91},[55,33268,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33270,21685],{"class":95},[55,33272,9438],{"class":91},[55,33274,3077],{"class":69},[55,33276,273],{"class":73},[55,33278,3077],{"class":69},[55,33280,2764],{"class":91},[55,33282,7574],{"class":1210},[55,33284,10460],{"class":91},[20,33286,18472],{},[30,33288,33289,33296,33303],{},[33,33290,33291,33295],{},[166,33292,33293],{"href":16840},[15,33294,16843],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33297,33298,33302],{},[166,33299,33300],{"href":16846},[15,33301,16849],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33304,33305,33309],{},[166,33306,33307],{"href":16853},[15,33308,16856],{}," when you need both",[131,33311,4301],{"id":4300},[20,33313,33314,33315,92],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33316,16849],{},[1003,33318,29421,33320,33322],{"id":33319},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33321,16849],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33324,33325,33327],{},[15,33326,16849],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33329,1017],{},[46,33331,33333],{"className":48,"code":33332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33334,33335,33355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33336,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33338,8090],{"class":61},[55,33340,66],{"class":65},[55,33342,3400],{"class":91},[55,33344,2761],{"class":1210},[55,33346,2764],{"class":91},[55,33348,2767],{"class":1210},[55,33350,2764],{"class":91},[55,33352,2223],{"class":1210},[55,33354,3413],{"class":91},[55,33356,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33358,106],{"class":105},[55,33360,109],{"class":91},[55,33362,8121],{"class":95},[55,33364,92],{"class":91},[55,33366,5142],{"class":95},[55,33368,1087],{"class":91},[20,33370,33371,33372,1232],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33373,16849],{},[20,33375,33376],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[46,33378,33380],{"className":48,"code":33379,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33381,33382],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33385,106],{"class":105},[55,33387,109],{"class":91},[55,33389,1266],{"class":1265},[55,33391,109],{"class":91},[55,33393,8121],{"class":95},[55,33395,1273],{"class":91},[20,33397,33398,33399,33401,33402,92],{},"If you get an ",[15,33400,25446],{},", see ",[166,33403,25454,33404,33406],{"href":25453},[15,33405,25457],{}," errors",[1003,33408,4362,33410,33412],{"id":33409},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33411,16849],{}," returns a list",[20,33414,33415],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[46,33417,33419],{"className":48,"code":33418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33420,33421,33457,33471,33475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33422,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33424,12643],{"class":61},[55,33426,66],{"class":65},[55,33428,10272],{"class":91},[55,33430,228],{"class":69},[55,33432,273],{"class":73},[55,33434,228],{"class":69},[55,33436,539],{"class":91},[55,33438,70],{"class":69},[55,33440,12660],{"class":73},[55,33442,228],{"class":69},[55,33444,2764],{"class":91},[55,33446,70],{"class":69},[55,33448,9079],{"class":73},[55,33450,228],{"class":69},[55,33452,539],{"class":91},[55,33454,7574],{"class":1210},[55,33456,9089],{"class":91},[55,33458,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33460,3601],{"class":61},[55,33462,66],{"class":65},[55,33464,12686],{"class":61},[55,33466,92],{"class":91},[55,33468,5142],{"class":95},[55,33470,99],{"class":91},[55,33472,33473],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33474,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,33476,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,33478,106],{"class":105},[55,33480,109],{"class":91},[55,33482,1266],{"class":1265},[55,33484,109],{"class":91},[55,33486,5142],{"class":95},[55,33488,1273],{"class":91},[20,33490,357],{},[46,33492,33494],{"className":48,"code":33493,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33495,33496],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33497,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33499,3066],{"class":65},[55,33501,3069],{"class":1838},[55,33503,3072],{"class":69},[55,33505,16815],{"class":73},[55,33507,3077],{"class":69},[55,33509,3080],{"class":65},[20,33511,4931,33512,33514],{},[15,33513,16815],{},", not a list.",[20,33516,33517],{},"If you need a list:",[46,33519,33521],{"className":48,"code":33520,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33522,33523],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33524,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33526,3601],{"class":61},[55,33528,66],{"class":65},[55,33530,22336],{"class":1265},[55,33532,109],{"class":91},[55,33534,13405],{"class":95},[55,33536,92],{"class":91},[55,33538,5142],{"class":95},[55,33540,1087],{"class":91},[1003,33542,33544,33545],{"id":33543},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33546,16815],{},[20,33548,33549],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[46,33551,33553],{"className":48,"code":33552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33554,33555,33591,33605,33609],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33556,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33558,12643],{"class":61},[55,33560,66],{"class":65},[55,33562,10272],{"class":91},[55,33564,228],{"class":69},[55,33566,273],{"class":73},[55,33568,228],{"class":69},[55,33570,539],{"class":91},[55,33572,70],{"class":69},[55,33574,12660],{"class":73},[55,33576,228],{"class":69},[55,33578,2764],{"class":91},[55,33580,70],{"class":69},[55,33582,9079],{"class":73},[55,33584,228],{"class":69},[55,33586,539],{"class":91},[55,33588,7574],{"class":1210},[55,33590,9089],{"class":91},[55,33592,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33594,3601],{"class":61},[55,33596,66],{"class":65},[55,33598,12686],{"class":61},[55,33600,92],{"class":91},[55,33602,5142],{"class":95},[55,33604,99],{"class":91},[55,33606,33607],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33608,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,33610,33611],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,33612,33613],{"class":118},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33615,33616],{},"Convert to a list first:",[46,33618,33620],{"className":48,"code":33619,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33621,33622,33658,33676,33680],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33623,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33625,12643],{"class":61},[55,33627,66],{"class":65},[55,33629,10272],{"class":91},[55,33631,228],{"class":69},[55,33633,273],{"class":73},[55,33635,228],{"class":69},[55,33637,539],{"class":91},[55,33639,70],{"class":69},[55,33641,12660],{"class":73},[55,33643,228],{"class":69},[55,33645,2764],{"class":91},[55,33647,70],{"class":69},[55,33649,9079],{"class":73},[55,33651,228],{"class":69},[55,33653,539],{"class":91},[55,33655,7574],{"class":1210},[55,33657,9089],{"class":91},[55,33659,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33661,3601],{"class":61},[55,33663,66],{"class":65},[55,33665,22336],{"class":1265},[55,33667,109],{"class":91},[55,33669,13405],{"class":95},[55,33671,92],{"class":91},[55,33673,5142],{"class":95},[55,33675,1087],{"class":91},[55,33677,33678],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33679,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,33681,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,33683,106],{"class":105},[55,33685,109],{"class":91},[55,33687,5142],{"class":95},[55,33689,3680],{"class":91},[55,33691,1894],{"class":1210},[55,33693,3668],{"class":91},[1003,33695,1185,33697,1012,33699],{"id":33696},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33698,5142],{},[15,33700,16849],{},[20,33702,33703],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[46,33705,33707],{"className":48,"code":33706,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33708,33709,33745,33749],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33710,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33712,12643],{"class":61},[55,33714,66],{"class":65},[55,33716,10272],{"class":91},[55,33718,228],{"class":69},[55,33720,273],{"class":73},[55,33722,228],{"class":69},[55,33724,539],{"class":91},[55,33726,70],{"class":69},[55,33728,12660],{"class":73},[55,33730,228],{"class":69},[55,33732,2764],{"class":91},[55,33734,70],{"class":69},[55,33736,9079],{"class":73},[55,33738,228],{"class":69},[55,33740,539],{"class":91},[55,33742,7574],{"class":1210},[55,33744,9089],{"class":91},[55,33746,33747],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33748,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,33750,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33752,106],{"class":105},[55,33754,109],{"class":91},[55,33756,13405],{"class":95},[55,33758,92],{"class":91},[55,33760,5142],{"class":1047},[55,33762,342],{"class":91},[20,33764,33765,33768],{},[15,33766,33767],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33770,18472],{},[46,33772,33774],{"className":48,"code":33773,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33775,33776],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33777,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786,33788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33779,106],{"class":105},[55,33781,109],{"class":91},[55,33783,13405],{"class":95},[55,33785,92],{"class":91},[55,33787,5142],{"class":95},[55,33789,1087],{"class":91},[1003,33791,33793],{"id":33792},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33795,33796],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[46,33798,33800],{"className":48,"code":33799,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33801,33802,33834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33803,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33805,8945],{"class":61},[55,33807,66],{"class":65},[55,33809,10272],{"class":91},[55,33811,228],{"class":69},[55,33813,166],{"class":73},[55,33815,228],{"class":69},[55,33817,539],{"class":91},[55,33819,5282],{"class":1210},[55,33821,2764],{"class":91},[55,33823,70],{"class":69},[55,33825,4543],{"class":73},[55,33827,228],{"class":69},[55,33829,539],{"class":91},[55,33831,2767],{"class":1210},[55,33833,9089],{"class":91},[55,33835,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33837,106],{"class":105},[55,33839,109],{"class":91},[55,33841,8984],{"class":95},[55,33843,92],{"class":91},[55,33845,5142],{"class":95},[55,33847,1087],{"class":91},[20,33849,33850],{},"Not like this:",[46,33852,33854],{"className":48,"code":33853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33855,33856,33861,33866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33857,33858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33859,33860],{"class":118},"# Wrong examples:\n",[55,33862,33863],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33864,33865],{"class":118},"# data().values()\n",[55,33867,33868],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33869,33870],{"class":118},"# values(data)\n",[20,33872,3117],{},[46,33874,33876],{"className":48,"code":33875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33877,33878,33892,33902,33916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33879,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888,33890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33881,106],{"class":105},[55,33883,109],{"class":91},[55,33885,1266],{"class":1265},[55,33887,109],{"class":91},[55,33889,11230],{"class":95},[55,33891,1273],{"class":91},[55,33893,33894,33896,33898,33900],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,33895,106],{"class":105},[55,33897,109],{"class":91},[55,33899,11230],{"class":95},[55,33901,342],{"class":91},[55,33903,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912,33914],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,33905,106],{"class":105},[55,33907,109],{"class":91},[55,33909,11230],{"class":95},[55,33911,92],{"class":91},[55,33913,5142],{"class":95},[55,33915,1087],{"class":91},[55,33917,33918,33920,33922,33924,33926,33928,33930,33932],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,33919,106],{"class":105},[55,33921,109],{"class":91},[55,33923,7877],{"class":1265},[55,33925,109],{"class":91},[55,33927,11230],{"class":95},[55,33929,92],{"class":91},[55,33931,5142],{"class":95},[55,33933,6076],{"class":91},[131,33935,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,33937,1603,33939,4928],{"id":33938},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33940,32093],{},[20,33942,17198,33943,33945],{},[15,33944,16815],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1003,33947,1581,33949,23708],{"id":33948},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33950,16849],{},[20,33952,23711,33953,23715],{},[15,33954,33955],{},"list(...)",[1003,33957,25829,33959,1631],{"id":33958},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33960,32093],{},[20,33962,33963,33964,25837],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33965,5743],{},[1003,33967,1581,33969,33971],{"id":33968},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33970,32093],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33973,33974],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1003,33976,33978,33979,33981,33982,1631],{"id":33977},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33980,16849],{}," different from ",[15,33983,16856],{},[20,33985,33986,33988,33989,33991],{},[15,33987,16849],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33990,16856],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[131,33993,1643],{"id":1642},[30,33995,33996,34002,34008,34012,34018,34022],{},[33,33997,33998],{},[166,33999,10518,34000,1573],{"href":16840},[15,34001,16843],{},[33,34003,34004],{},[166,34005,10518,34006,1573],{"href":16853},[15,34007,16856],{},[33,34009,34010],{},[166,34011,11023],{"href":9171},[33,34013,34014],{},[166,34015,34017],{"href":34016},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,34019,34020],{},[166,34021,23793],{"href":32942},[33,34023,34024],{},[166,34025,30119,34026],{"href":25453},[15,34027,34028],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1696,34030,34031],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":34033},[34034,34035,34037,34038,34040,34041,34042,34043,34045,34056,34068],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":32263,"depth":80,"text":34036},"What values() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":32333,"depth":80,"text":34039},"What values() returns",{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":32812,"depth":80,"text":32813},{"id":32945,"depth":80,"text":32946},{"id":33104,"depth":80,"text":34044},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":34046},[34047,34049,34051,34053,34055],{"id":33319,"depth":102,"text":34048},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33409,"depth":102,"text":34050},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33543,"depth":102,"text":34052},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33696,"depth":102,"text":34054},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33792,"depth":102,"text":33793},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":34057},[34058,34060,34062,34064,34066],{"id":33938,"depth":102,"text":34059},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33948,"depth":102,"text":34061},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33958,"depth":102,"text":34063},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33968,"depth":102,"text":34065},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33977,"depth":102,"text":34067},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32080,"description":34069},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34075,"title":34076,"body":34077,"description":35504,"extension":1733,"meta":35505,"navigation":248,"path":35506,"seo":35507,"stem":35508,"__hash__":35509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34078,"toc":35456},[34079,34085,34090,34093,34109,34118,34120,34152,34158,34161,34254,34257,34262,34267,34270,34281,34283,34297,34303,34305,34310,34316,34319,34358,34366,34371,34374,34419,34422,34434,34440,34446,34450,34481,34484,34502,34505,34509,34548,34550,34570,34573,34585,34590,34596,34599,34654,34657,34668,34671,34682,34685,34689,34695,34697,34727,34730,34745,34748,34751,34770,34773,34789,34798,34800,34831,34837,34842,34845,34852,34883,34886,34908,34911,34914,34928,34932,34963,34978,34985,34992,34996,35004,35008,35016,35019,35068,35079,35081,35084,35090,35095,35105,35109,35112,35115,35119,35122,35124,35145,35149,35155,35166,35172,35174,35180,35204,35207,35270,35273,35301,35304,35366,35368,35373,35376,35383,35391,35398,35401,35409,35415,35417,35444,35453],[10,34080,1686,34082,3355],{"id":34081},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34083,34084],{},"dir()",[20,34086,32090,34087,34089],{},[15,34088,34084],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34091,34092],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,34094,34095,34098,34101,34106],{},[33,34096,34097],{},"learning Python",[33,34099,34100],{},"exploring a new object",[33,34102,34103,34104],{},"debugging an ",[15,34105,25446],{},[33,34107,34108],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34110,34111,34112,34114,34115],{},"In short, ",[15,34113,34084],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[123,34116,34117],{},"“What can I use here?”",[131,34119,1775],{"id":1774},[46,34121,34123],{"className":48,"code":34122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34124,34125,34137],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34126,34127,34129,34131,34133,34135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34128,254],{"class":61},[55,34130,66],{"class":65},[55,34132,70],{"class":69},[55,34134,3624],{"class":73},[55,34136,77],{"class":69},[55,34138,34139,34141,34143,34146,34148,34150],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34140,106],{"class":105},[55,34142,109],{"class":91},[55,34144,34145],{"class":105},"dir",[55,34147,109],{"class":91},[55,34149,273],{"class":95},[55,34151,1273],{"class":91},[20,34153,1866,34154,34157],{},[15,34155,34156],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34159,34160],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[46,34162,34164],{"className":48,"code":34163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34165,34166],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34167,34168,34170,34172,34175,34177,34179,34181,34184,34186,34188,34190,34193,34195,34197,34199,34202,34204,34206,34208,34211,34213,34215,34217,34220,34222,34224,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239,34242,34244,34246,34248,34250,34252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34169,3680],{"class":91},[55,34171,3077],{"class":69},[55,34173,34174],{"class":73},"__add__",[55,34176,3077],{"class":69},[55,34178,2764],{"class":91},[55,34180,3072],{"class":69},[55,34182,34183],{"class":73},"__class__",[55,34185,3077],{"class":69},[55,34187,2764],{"class":91},[55,34189,3072],{"class":69},[55,34191,34192],{"class":73},"__contains__",[55,34194,3077],{"class":69},[55,34196,2764],{"class":91},[55,34198,3072],{"class":69},[55,34200,34201],{"class":73},"__delattr__",[55,34203,3077],{"class":69},[55,34205,2764],{"class":91},[55,34207,3072],{"class":69},[55,34209,34210],{"class":73},"__dir__",[55,34212,3077],{"class":69},[55,34214,2764],{"class":91},[55,34216,3072],{"class":69},[55,34218,34219],{"class":73},"__doc__",[55,34221,3077],{"class":69},[55,34223,2764],{"class":91},[55,34225,34226],{"class":375}," ...",[55,34228,2764],{"class":91},[55,34230,3072],{"class":69},[55,34232,96],{"class":73},[55,34234,3077],{"class":69},[55,34236,2764],{"class":91},[55,34238,3072],{"class":69},[55,34240,34241],{"class":73},"split",[55,34243,3077],{"class":69},[55,34245,2764],{"class":91},[55,34247,3072],{"class":69},[55,34249,1558],{"class":73},[55,34251,3077],{"class":69},[55,34253,3413],{"class":91},[20,34255,34256],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[131,34258,134,34260,137],{"id":34259},"what-dir-does",[15,34261,34084],{},[20,34263,34264,34266],{},[15,34265,34084],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34268,34269],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34271,34272,34275,34278],{},[33,34273,34274],{},"attributes",[33,34276,34277],{},"methods",[33,34279,34280],{},"special Python names",[20,34282,11239],{},[30,34284,34285,34291,34294],{},[33,34286,34287,34288],{},"The result is a ",[123,34289,34290],{},"list of strings",[33,34292,34293],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34295,34296],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34298,34299,34300,34302],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34301,34084],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[131,34304,178],{"id":177},[20,34306,34307,34309],{},[15,34308,34084],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1003,34311,34313,34315],{"id":34312},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34314,34084],{}," with no argument",[20,34317,34318],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[46,34320,34322],{"className":48,"code":34321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34323,34324,34332,34344,34348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34325,34326,34328,34330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34327,2800],{"class":61},[55,34329,66],{"class":65},[55,34331,2360],{"class":1210},[55,34333,34334,34336,34338,34340,34342],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34335,254],{"class":61},[55,34337,66],{"class":65},[55,34339,70],{"class":69},[55,34341,7460],{"class":73},[55,34343,77],{"class":69},[55,34345,34346],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,34347,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,34349,34350,34352,34354,34356],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,34351,106],{"class":105},[55,34353,109],{"class":91},[55,34355,34145],{"class":105},[55,34357,1087],{"class":91},[20,34359,34360,34361,1377,34363,34365],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34362,1947],{},[15,34364,273],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1003,34367,34369],{"id":34368},"dirobject",[15,34370,34156],{},[20,34372,34373],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[46,34375,34377],{"className":48,"code":34376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34378,34379,34397],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34380,34381,34383,34385,34387,34389,34391,34393,34395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34382,106],{"class":105},[55,34384,109],{"class":91},[55,34386,34145],{"class":105},[55,34388,109],{"class":91},[55,34390,228],{"class":69},[55,34392,3624],{"class":73},[55,34394,228],{"class":69},[55,34396,1273],{"class":91},[55,34398,34399,34401,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34400,106],{"class":105},[55,34402,109],{"class":91},[55,34404,34145],{"class":105},[55,34406,2758],{"class":91},[55,34408,2761],{"class":1210},[55,34410,2764],{"class":91},[55,34412,2767],{"class":1210},[55,34414,2764],{"class":91},[55,34416,2223],{"class":1210},[55,34418,2774],{"class":91},[20,34420,34421],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34423,34424,34426,34428,34431],{},[33,34425,5092],{},[33,34427,5083],{},[33,34429,34430],{},"modules",[33,34432,34433],{},"custom objects",[131,34435,1185,34437,34439],{"id":34436},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34438,34084],{}," with a value",[20,34441,34442,34443,34445],{},"A common use of ",[15,34444,34084],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1003,34447,34449],{"id":34448},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[46,34451,34453],{"className":48,"code":34452,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34454,34455,34467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34456,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34458,62],{"class":61},[55,34460,66],{"class":65},[55,34462,70],{"class":69},[55,34464,3624],{"class":73},[55,34466,77],{"class":69},[55,34468,34469,34471,34473,34475,34477,34479],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34470,106],{"class":105},[55,34472,109],{"class":91},[55,34474,34145],{"class":105},[55,34476,109],{"class":91},[55,34478,352],{"class":95},[55,34480,1273],{"class":91},[20,34482,34483],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34485,34486,34490,34494,34498],{},[33,34487,34488],{},[15,34489,96],{},[33,34491,34492],{},[15,34493,1558],{},[33,34495,34496],{},[15,34497,34241],{},[33,34499,34500],{},[15,34501,854],{},[20,34503,34504],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1003,34506,34508],{"id":34507},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[46,34510,34512],{"className":48,"code":34511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34513,34514,34534],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34515,34516,34518,34520,34522,34524,34526,34528,34530,34532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34517,3395],{"class":61},[55,34519,66],{"class":65},[55,34521,3400],{"class":91},[55,34523,2761],{"class":1210},[55,34525,2764],{"class":91},[55,34527,2767],{"class":1210},[55,34529,2764],{"class":91},[55,34531,2223],{"class":1210},[55,34533,3413],{"class":91},[55,34535,34536,34538,34540,34542,34544,34546],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34537,106],{"class":105},[55,34539,109],{"class":91},[55,34541,34145],{"class":105},[55,34543,109],{"class":91},[55,34545,3427],{"class":95},[55,34547,1273],{"class":91},[20,34549,34483],{},[30,34551,34552,34556,34560,34565],{},[33,34553,34554],{},[15,34555,13332],{},[33,34557,34558],{},[15,34559,26014],{},[33,34561,34562],{},[15,34563,34564],{},"remove",[33,34566,34567],{},[15,34568,34569],{},"sort",[20,34571,34572],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34574,34575,34576,34581,34582,34584],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[166,34577,34579],{"href":34578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34580,2073],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34583,34084],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[131,34586,1185,34588,34315],{"id":34587},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34589,34084],{},[20,34591,34592,34593,34595],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34594,34084],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34597,34598],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[46,34600,34602],{"className":48,"code":34601,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34603,34604,34613,34617,34628,34640,34644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34605,34606,34608,34610],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34607,2800],{"class":61},[55,34609,66],{"class":65},[55,34611,34612],{"class":1210}," 5\n",[55,34614,34615],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34616,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,34618,34619,34622,34626],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,34620,34621],{"class":1838},"def",[55,34623,34625],{"class":34624},"sGLFI"," greet",[55,34627,794],{"class":91},[55,34629,34630,34633,34635,34638],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,34631,34632],{"class":487},"    return",[55,34634,70],{"class":69},[55,34636,34637],{"class":73},"Hello",[55,34639,77],{"class":69},[55,34641,34642],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,34643,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,34645,34646,34648,34650,34652],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,34647,106],{"class":105},[55,34649,109],{"class":91},[55,34651,34145],{"class":105},[55,34653,1087],{"class":91},[20,34655,34656],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34658,34659,34663],{},[33,34660,34661],{},[15,34662,1947],{},[33,34664,34665],{},[15,34666,34667],{},"greet",[20,34669,34670],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34672,34673,34676,34679],{},[33,34674,34675],{},"what variables exist",[33,34677,34678],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34680,34681],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34683,34684],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[131,34686,34688],{"id":34687},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34690,34691,34692,34694],{},"When you first use ",[15,34693,34084],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34696,214],{},[46,34698,34699],{"className":48,"code":34452,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,34700,34701,34713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34702,34703,34705,34707,34709,34711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34704,62],{"class":61},[55,34706,66],{"class":65},[55,34708,70],{"class":69},[55,34710,3624],{"class":73},[55,34712,77],{"class":69},[55,34714,34715,34717,34719,34721,34723,34725],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34716,106],{"class":105},[55,34718,109],{"class":91},[55,34720,34145],{"class":105},[55,34722,109],{"class":91},[55,34724,352],{"class":95},[55,34726,1273],{"class":91},[20,34728,34729],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,34731,34732,34736,34740],{},[33,34733,34734],{},[15,34735,34183],{},[33,34737,34738],{},[15,34739,34219],{},[33,34741,34742],{},[15,34743,34744],{},"__len__",[20,34746,34747],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34749,34750],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,34752,34753,34757,34761,34765],{},[33,34754,34755],{},[15,34756,1558],{},[33,34758,34759],{},[15,34760,96],{},[33,34762,34763],{},[15,34764,34241],{},[33,34766,34767],{},[15,34768,34769],{},"replace",[20,34771,34772],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,34774,34775,34783],{},[33,34776,34777,34779,34780],{},[15,34778,34084],{}," lists ",[123,34781,34782],{},"names only",[33,34784,34785,34786,34788],{},"it does ",[123,34787,902],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34790,34791,34792,92],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[166,34793,34795],{"href":34794},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34796,34797],{},"help()",[20,34799,5256],{},[46,34801,34803],{"className":48,"code":34802,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34804,34805,34817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34806,34807,34809,34811,34813,34815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34808,254],{"class":61},[55,34810,66],{"class":65},[55,34812,70],{"class":69},[55,34814,3624],{"class":73},[55,34816,77],{"class":69},[55,34818,34819,34821,34823,34825,34827,34829],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34820,31925],{"class":105},[55,34822,109],{"class":91},[55,34824,273],{"class":95},[55,34826,92],{"class":91},[55,34828,1558],{"class":1047},[55,34830,342],{"class":91},[131,34832,34834,34836],{"id":34833},"dir-on-modules",[15,34835,34084],{}," on modules",[20,34838,15493,34839,34841],{},[15,34840,34084],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34843,34844],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1003,34846,34848,34849,34851],{"id":34847},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34850,18194],{}," module",[46,34853,34855],{"className":48,"code":34854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34856,34857,34865,34869],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34858,34859,34862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34860,34861],{"class":487},"import",[55,34863,34864],{"class":61}," math\n",[55,34866,34867],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34868,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,34870,34871,34873,34875,34877,34879,34881],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,34872,106],{"class":105},[55,34874,109],{"class":91},[55,34876,34145],{"class":105},[55,34878,109],{"class":91},[55,34880,18194],{"class":95},[55,34882,1273],{"class":91},[20,34884,34885],{},"You may see names like:",[30,34887,34888,34893,34898,34903],{},[33,34889,34890],{},[15,34891,34892],{},"sqrt",[33,34894,34895],{},[15,34896,34897],{},"ceil",[33,34899,34900],{},[15,34901,34902],{},"floor",[33,34904,34905],{},[15,34906,34907],{},"pi",[20,34909,34910],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34912,34913],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,34915,34916,34922],{},[33,34917,34918],{},[166,34919,34921],{"href":34920},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,34923,34924],{},[166,34925,34927],{"href":34926},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1003,34929,34931],{"id":34930},"another-example","Another example",[46,34933,34935],{"className":48,"code":34934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34936,34937,34944,34948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34938,34939,34941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34940,34861],{"class":487},[55,34942,34943],{"class":61}," json\n",[55,34945,34946],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,34947,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,34949,34950,34952,34954,34956,34958,34961],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,34951,106],{"class":105},[55,34953,109],{"class":91},[55,34955,34145],{"class":105},[55,34957,109],{"class":91},[55,34959,34960],{"class":95},"json",[55,34962,1273],{"class":91},[20,34964,34965,34966,1963,34969,1963,34972,16850,34975,92],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34967,34968],{},"dump",[15,34970,34971],{},"dumps",[15,34973,34974],{},"load",[15,34976,34977],{},"loads",[131,34979,34981,1477,34983],{"id":34980},"dir-vs-help",[15,34982,34084],{},[15,34984,34797],{},[20,34986,34987,1377,34989,34991],{},[15,34988,34084],{},[15,34990,34797],{}," are often used together.",[1003,34993,34994],{"id":34145},[15,34995,34084],{},[30,34997,34998,35001],{},[33,34999,35000],{},"shows available names",[33,35002,35003],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1003,35005,35006],{"id":31925},[15,35007,34797],{},[30,35009,35010,35013],{},[33,35011,35012],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,35014,35015],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35017,35018],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[46,35020,35022],{"className":48,"code":35021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35023,35024,35036,35040,35054],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35025,35026,35028,35030,35032,35034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35027,254],{"class":61},[55,35029,66],{"class":65},[55,35031,70],{"class":69},[55,35033,3624],{"class":73},[55,35035,77],{"class":69},[55,35037,35038],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35039,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,35041,35042,35044,35046,35048,35050,35052],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35043,106],{"class":105},[55,35045,109],{"class":91},[55,35047,34145],{"class":105},[55,35049,109],{"class":91},[55,35051,273],{"class":95},[55,35053,1273],{"class":91},[55,35055,35056,35058,35060,35062,35064,35066],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,35057,31925],{"class":105},[55,35059,109],{"class":91},[55,35061,273],{"class":95},[55,35063,92],{"class":91},[55,35065,1558],{"class":1047},[55,35067,342],{"class":91},[20,35069,1866,35070,35072,35073,35075,35076,35078],{},[15,35071,34084],{}," first to find a method name.",[9627,35074],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35077,34797],{}," to understand how to use it.",[131,35080,25132],{"id":25131},[20,35082,35083],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1003,35085,35087,35089],{"id":35086},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35088,34084],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35091,35092,35094],{},[15,35093,34084],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35096,35097,35098,35100,35101,35104],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35099,1558],{}," in ",[15,35102,35103],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1003,35106,35108],{"id":35107},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35110,35111],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35113,35114],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1003,35116,35118],{"id":35117},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35120,35121],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35123,5256],{},[30,35125,35126,35131,35137],{},[33,35127,35128,35130],{},[15,35129,35103],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35132,35133,35136],{},[15,35134,35135],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35138,35139,35142,35143,34851],{},[15,35140,35141],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35144,18194],{},[1003,35146,35148],{"id":35147},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35150,35151,35152,35154],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35153,34084],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35156,35157,35160,35163],{},[33,35158,35159],{},"what it does",[33,35161,35162],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35164,35165],{},"what it returns",[20,35167,35168,35169,35171],{},"That is why ",[15,35170,34797],{}," is the natural next step.",[131,35173,1001],{"id":1000},[20,35175,35176,35177,35179],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35178,34084],{}," in these situations:",[30,35181,35182,35185,35194,35197],{},[33,35183,35184],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35186,35187,35188,35193],{},"Seeing an ",[166,35189,35191],{"href":35190},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35192,25446],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35195,35196],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35198,1185,35199,35201,35202],{},[15,35200,34084],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35203,34797],{},[20,35205,35206],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[46,35208,35210],{"className":48,"code":35209,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35211,35212,35224,35228,35242,35256],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35213,35214,35216,35218,35220,35222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35215,254],{"class":61},[55,35217,66],{"class":65},[55,35219,70],{"class":69},[55,35221,3624],{"class":73},[55,35223,77],{"class":69},[55,35225,35226],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35227,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,35229,35230,35232,35234,35236,35238,35240],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35231,106],{"class":105},[55,35233,109],{"class":91},[55,35235,1266],{"class":1265},[55,35237,109],{"class":91},[55,35239,273],{"class":95},[55,35241,1273],{"class":91},[55,35243,35244,35246,35248,35250,35252,35254],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,35245,106],{"class":105},[55,35247,109],{"class":91},[55,35249,34145],{"class":105},[55,35251,109],{"class":91},[55,35253,273],{"class":95},[55,35255,1273],{"class":91},[55,35257,35258,35260,35262,35264,35266,35268],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,35259,31925],{"class":105},[55,35261,109],{"class":91},[55,35263,273],{"class":95},[55,35265,92],{"class":91},[55,35267,1558],{"class":1047},[55,35269,342],{"class":91},[20,35271,35272],{},"And for modules:",[46,35274,35275],{"className":48,"code":34854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,35276,35277,35283,35287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35278,35279,35281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35280,34861],{"class":487},[55,35282,34864],{"class":61},[55,35284,35285],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35286,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,35288,35289,35291,35293,35295,35297,35299],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35290,106],{"class":105},[55,35292,109],{"class":91},[55,35294,34145],{"class":105},[55,35296,109],{"class":91},[55,35298,18194],{"class":95},[55,35300,1273],{"class":91},[20,35302,35303],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[46,35305,35307],{"className":48,"code":35306,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35308,35309,35314,35326,35336,35350,35356],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35310,35311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35312,35313],{"class":61},"python\n",[55,35315,35316,35318,35320,35322,35324],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35317,254],{"class":61},[55,35319,66],{"class":65},[55,35321,70],{"class":69},[55,35323,3624],{"class":73},[55,35325,77],{"class":69},[55,35327,35328,35330,35332,35334],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35329,34145],{"class":105},[55,35331,109],{"class":91},[55,35333,273],{"class":95},[55,35335,342],{"class":91},[55,35337,35338,35340,35342,35344,35346,35348],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,35339,31925],{"class":105},[55,35341,109],{"class":91},[55,35343,273],{"class":95},[55,35345,92],{"class":91},[55,35347,1558],{"class":1047},[55,35349,342],{"class":91},[55,35351,35352,35354],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,35353,34861],{"class":487},[55,35355,34864],{"class":61},[55,35357,35358,35360,35362,35364],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,35359,34145],{"class":105},[55,35361,109],{"class":91},[55,35363,18194],{"class":95},[55,35365,342],{"class":91},[131,35367,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,35369,1603,35371,4928],{"id":35370},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35372,34084],{},[20,35374,35375],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1003,35377,1626,35379,1377,35381,1631],{"id":35378},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35380,34084],{},[15,35382,34797],{},[20,35384,35385,35387,35388,35390],{},[15,35386,34084],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35389,34797],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1003,35392,35394,35395,35397],{"id":35393},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35396,34084],{}," output?",[20,35399,35400],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1003,35402,4953,35404,35406,35407,1631],{"id":35403},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35405,34084],{}," help fix ",[15,35408,25446],{},[20,35410,35411,35412,92],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[166,35413,35414],{"href":35190},"object has no attribute",[131,35416,1643],{"id":1642},[30,35418,35419,35425,35430,35434,35438],{},[33,35420,35421],{},[166,35422,1686,35423,1689],{"href":34794},[15,35424,34797],{},[33,35426,35427],{},[166,35428,35429],{"href":35190},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35431,35432],{},[166,35433,34921],{"href":34920},[33,35435,35436],{},[166,35437,34927],{"href":34926},[33,35439,35440],{},[166,35441,1686,35442,1689],{"href":34578},[15,35443,2073],{},[20,35445,35446,35447,35449,35450,35452],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35448,34084],{}," together with ",[15,35451,34797],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1696,35454,35455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":35457},[35458,35459,35461,35466,35471,35473,35474,35480,35485,35492,35493,35503],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":34259,"depth":80,"text":35460},"What dir() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":35462},[35463,35465],{"id":34312,"depth":102,"text":35464},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34368,"depth":102,"text":34156},{"id":34436,"depth":80,"text":35467,"children":35468},"Using dir() with a value",[35469,35470],{"id":34448,"depth":102,"text":34449},{"id":34507,"depth":102,"text":34508},{"id":34587,"depth":80,"text":35472},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34687,"depth":80,"text":34688},{"id":34833,"depth":80,"text":35475,"children":35476},"dir() on modules",[35477,35479],{"id":34847,"depth":102,"text":35478},"Example: math module",{"id":34930,"depth":102,"text":34931},{"id":34980,"depth":80,"text":35481,"children":35482},"dir() vs help()",[35483,35484],{"id":34145,"depth":102,"text":34084},{"id":31925,"depth":102,"text":34797},{"id":25131,"depth":80,"text":25132,"children":35486},[35487,35489,35490,35491],{"id":35086,"depth":102,"text":35488},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35107,"depth":102,"text":35108},{"id":35117,"depth":102,"text":35118},{"id":35147,"depth":102,"text":35148},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":35494},[35495,35497,35499,35501],{"id":35370,"depth":102,"text":35496},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35378,"depth":102,"text":35498},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35393,"depth":102,"text":35500},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35403,"depth":102,"text":35502},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34076,"description":35504},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35511,"title":35512,"body":35513,"description":37331,"extension":1733,"meta":37332,"navigation":248,"path":37333,"seo":37334,"stem":37335,"__hash__":37336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35514,"toc":37300},[35515,35521,35526,35529,35537,35543,35545,35624,35626,35652,35657,35662,35667,35670,35681,35684,35686,35764,35766,35792,35799,35801,35803,35828,35831,35844,35849,35851,35932,35934,35960,35969,35974,35982,35988,35995,35998,36000,36079,36082,36139,36141,36178,36184,36189,36194,36197,36211,36213,36316,36318,36361,36370,36380,36387,36393,36400,36483,36485,36508,36511,36514,36516,36520,36524,36527,36590,36613,36616,36620,36626,36628,36695,36698,36775,36780,36786,36789,36792,36838,36840,36864,36869,36873,36878,36884,36947,36950,36952,36955,36980,36983,37118,37120,37221,37223,37228,37231,37237,37247,37255,37260,37266,37272,37274,37297],[10,35516,1686,35518,3355],{"id":35517},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35519,35520],{},"enumerate()",[20,35522,35523,35525],{},[15,35524,35520],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35527,35528],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35530,35531,35534],{},[33,35532,35533],{},"the item itself",[33,35535,35536],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35538,35539,35540,35542],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35541,35520],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[131,35544,1775],{"id":1774},[46,35546,35548],{"className":48,"code":35547,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35549,35550,35582,35586,35609],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35551,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560,35562,35564,35566,35568,35570,35572,35574,35576,35578,35580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35553,12855],{"class":61},[55,35555,66],{"class":65},[55,35557,3400],{"class":91},[55,35559,228],{"class":69},[55,35561,12872],{"class":73},[55,35563,228],{"class":69},[55,35565,2764],{"class":91},[55,35567,70],{"class":69},[55,35569,17232],{"class":73},[55,35571,228],{"class":69},[55,35573,2764],{"class":91},[55,35575,70],{"class":69},[55,35577,705],{"class":73},[55,35579,228],{"class":69},[55,35581,3413],{"class":91},[55,35583,35584],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35585,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,35587,35588,35590,35593,35595,35598,35600,35603,35605,35607],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35589,5743],{"class":487},[55,35591,35592],{"class":61}," index",[55,35594,2764],{"class":91},[55,35596,35597],{"class":61}," color ",[55,35599,3662],{"class":487},[55,35601,35602],{"class":105}," enumerate",[55,35604,109],{"class":91},[55,35606,17279],{"class":95},[55,35608,8124],{"class":91},[55,35610,35611,35613,35615,35618,35620,35622],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,35612,516],{"class":105},[55,35614,109],{"class":91},[55,35616,35617],{"class":95},"index",[55,35619,2764],{"class":91},[55,35621,692],{"class":95},[55,35623,342],{"class":91},[20,35625,357],{},[46,35627,35629],{"className":48,"code":35628,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35630,35631,35638,35645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35632,35633,35635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35634,1894],{"class":1210},[55,35636,35637],{"class":61}," red\n",[55,35639,35640,35642],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35641,2761],{"class":1210},[55,35643,35644],{"class":61}," green\n",[55,35646,35647,35649],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35648,1829],{"class":1210},[55,35650,35651],{"class":61}," blue\n",[20,35653,1866,35654,35656],{},[15,35655,35520],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[131,35658,134,35660,137],{"id":35659},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35661,35520],{},[20,35663,35664,35666],{},[15,35665,35520],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35668,35669],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35671,35672,35674,35676,35678],{},[33,35673,5083],{},[33,35675,5086],{},[33,35677,5092],{},[33,35679,35680],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35682,35683],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35685,214],{},[46,35687,35689],{"className":48,"code":35688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35690,35691,35725,35729,35750],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35692,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705,35707,35709,35712,35714,35716,35718,35721,35723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35694,4778],{"class":61},[55,35696,66],{"class":65},[55,35698,3400],{"class":91},[55,35700,228],{"class":69},[55,35702,12660],{"class":73},[55,35704,228],{"class":69},[55,35706,2764],{"class":91},[55,35708,70],{"class":69},[55,35710,35711],{"class":73},"Ben",[55,35713,228],{"class":69},[55,35715,2764],{"class":91},[55,35717,70],{"class":69},[55,35719,35720],{"class":73},"Cara",[55,35722,228],{"class":69},[55,35724,3413],{"class":91},[55,35726,35727],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35728,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,35730,35731,35733,35735,35737,35740,35742,35744,35746,35748],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35732,5743],{"class":487},[55,35734,35592],{"class":61},[55,35736,2764],{"class":91},[55,35738,35739],{"class":61}," name ",[55,35741,3662],{"class":487},[55,35743,35602],{"class":105},[55,35745,109],{"class":91},[55,35747,4822],{"class":95},[55,35749,8124],{"class":91},[55,35751,35752,35754,35756,35758,35760,35762],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,35753,516],{"class":105},[55,35755,109],{"class":91},[55,35757,35617],{"class":95},[55,35759,2764],{"class":91},[55,35761,849],{"class":95},[55,35763,342],{"class":91},[20,35765,357],{},[46,35767,35769],{"className":48,"code":35768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35770,35771,35778,35785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35772,35773,35775],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35774,1894],{"class":1210},[55,35776,35777],{"class":61}," Ana\n",[55,35779,35780,35782],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35781,2761],{"class":1210},[55,35783,35784],{"class":61}," Ben\n",[55,35786,35787,35789],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35788,1829],{"class":1210},[55,35790,35791],{"class":61}," Cara\n",[20,35793,35794,35795,92],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[166,35796,35798],{"href":35797},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[131,35800,178],{"id":177},[20,35802,181],{},[46,35804,35806],{"className":48,"code":35805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35807,35808],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35809,35810,35813,35815,35817,35819,35822,35824,35826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35811,35812],{"class":105},"enumerate",[55,35814,109],{"class":91},[55,35816,3498],{"class":95},[55,35818,2764],{"class":91},[55,35820,35821],{"class":8955}," start",[55,35823,66],{"class":65},[55,35825,1894],{"class":1210},[55,35827,342],{"class":91},[20,35829,35830],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35832,35833,35838],{},[33,35834,35835,35837],{},[15,35836,3498],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,35839,35840,35843],{},[15,35841,35842],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35845,35846,35847,92],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35848,1894],{},[20,35850,214],{},[46,35852,35854],{"className":48,"code":35853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35855,35856,35889,35893,35916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35857,35858,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869,35871,35873,35875,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35859,35860],{"class":61},"letters ",[55,35862,66],{"class":65},[55,35864,3400],{"class":91},[55,35866,228],{"class":69},[55,35868,166],{"class":73},[55,35870,228],{"class":69},[55,35872,2764],{"class":91},[55,35874,70],{"class":69},[55,35876,4543],{"class":73},[55,35878,228],{"class":69},[55,35880,2764],{"class":91},[55,35882,70],{"class":69},[55,35884,9520],{"class":73},[55,35886,228],{"class":69},[55,35888,3413],{"class":91},[55,35890,35891],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35892,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,35894,35895,35897,35900,35902,35905,35907,35909,35911,35914],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35896,5743],{"class":487},[55,35898,35899],{"class":61}," i",[55,35901,2764],{"class":91},[55,35903,35904],{"class":61}," letter ",[55,35906,3662],{"class":487},[55,35908,35602],{"class":105},[55,35910,109],{"class":91},[55,35912,35913],{"class":95},"letters",[55,35915,8124],{"class":91},[55,35917,35918,35920,35922,35925,35927,35930],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,35919,516],{"class":105},[55,35921,109],{"class":91},[55,35923,35924],{"class":95},"i",[55,35926,2764],{"class":91},[55,35928,35929],{"class":95}," letter",[55,35931,342],{"class":91},[20,35933,357],{},[46,35935,35937],{"className":48,"code":35936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35938,35939,35946,35953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35940,35941,35943],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35942,1894],{"class":1210},[55,35944,35945],{"class":61}," a\n",[55,35947,35948,35950],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,35949,2761],{"class":1210},[55,35951,35952],{"class":61}," b\n",[55,35954,35955,35957],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,35956,1829],{"class":1210},[55,35958,35959],{"class":61}," c\n",[20,35961,35962,35963,92],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[166,35964,1686,35966,1689],{"href":35965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35967,35968],{},"range()",[131,35970,134,35972,11485],{"id":35971},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35973,35520],{},[20,35975,35976,35978,35979,92],{},[15,35977,35520],{}," returns an ",[123,35980,35981],{},"enumerate object",[20,35983,35984,35985,35987],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35986,5743],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,35989,35990],{},[33,35991,35992],{},[15,35993,35994],{},"(index, item)",[20,35996,35997],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35999,214],{},[46,36001,36003],{"className":48,"code":36002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36004,36005,36038,36042,36064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36006,36007,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36008,36009],{"class":61},"fruits ",[55,36011,66],{"class":65},[55,36013,3400],{"class":91},[55,36015,228],{"class":69},[55,36017,3860],{"class":73},[55,36019,228],{"class":69},[55,36021,2764],{"class":91},[55,36023,70],{"class":69},[55,36025,3869],{"class":73},[55,36027,228],{"class":69},[55,36029,2764],{"class":91},[55,36031,70],{"class":69},[55,36033,32994],{"class":73},[55,36035,228],{"class":69},[55,36037,3413],{"class":91},[55,36039,36040],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36041,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36043,36044,36046,36048,36050,36053,36055,36057,36059,36062],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36045,5743],{"class":487},[55,36047,35592],{"class":61},[55,36049,2764],{"class":91},[55,36051,36052],{"class":61}," fruit ",[55,36054,3662],{"class":487},[55,36056,35602],{"class":105},[55,36058,109],{"class":91},[55,36060,36061],{"class":95},"fruits",[55,36063,8124],{"class":91},[55,36065,36066,36068,36070,36072,36074,36077],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36067,516],{"class":105},[55,36069,109],{"class":91},[55,36071,35617],{"class":95},[55,36073,2764],{"class":91},[55,36075,36076],{"class":95}," fruit",[55,36078,342],{"class":91},[20,36080,36081],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[46,36083,36085],{"className":48,"code":36084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36086,36087,36107,36111,36129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36088,36089,36091,36093,36095,36097,36099,36101,36103,36105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36090,3395],{"class":61},[55,36092,66],{"class":65},[55,36094,3400],{"class":91},[55,36096,2101],{"class":1210},[55,36098,2764],{"class":91},[55,36100,7574],{"class":1210},[55,36102,2764],{"class":91},[55,36104,7579],{"class":1210},[55,36106,3413],{"class":91},[55,36108,36109],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36110,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36112,36113,36115,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36114,83],{"class":61},[55,36116,66],{"class":65},[55,36118,22336],{"class":1265},[55,36120,109],{"class":91},[55,36122,35812],{"class":105},[55,36124,109],{"class":91},[55,36126,3427],{"class":95},[55,36128,1273],{"class":91},[55,36130,36131,36133,36135,36137],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36132,106],{"class":105},[55,36134,109],{"class":91},[55,36136,112],{"class":95},[55,36138,342],{"class":91},[20,36140,357],{},[46,36142,36144],{"className":48,"code":36143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36145,36146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36147,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36149,21517],{"class":91},[55,36151,1894],{"class":1210},[55,36153,2764],{"class":91},[55,36155,5790],{"class":1210},[55,36157,9013],{"class":91},[55,36159,9016],{"class":91},[55,36161,2761],{"class":1210},[55,36163,2764],{"class":91},[55,36165,7574],{"class":1210},[55,36167,9013],{"class":91},[55,36169,9016],{"class":91},[55,36171,1829],{"class":1210},[55,36173,2764],{"class":91},[55,36175,7579],{"class":1210},[55,36177,9029],{"class":91},[20,36179,36180,36181,36183],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36182,35520],{}," produces.",[131,36185,4744,36187],{"id":36186},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36188,35520],{},[20,36190,1866,36191,36193],{},[15,36192,35520],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36195,36196],{},"Common cases:",[30,36198,36199,36202,36205,36208],{},[33,36200,36201],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36203,36204],{},"building menus",[33,36206,36207],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36209,36210],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36212,214],{},[46,36214,36216],{"className":48,"code":36215,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36217,36218,36253,36257,36287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36219,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36231,36233,36235,36237,36240,36242,36244,36246,36249,36251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36221,29669],{"class":61},[55,36223,66],{"class":65},[55,36225,3400],{"class":91},[55,36227,228],{"class":69},[55,36229,36230],{"class":73},"Wash dishes",[55,36232,228],{"class":69},[55,36234,2764],{"class":91},[55,36236,70],{"class":69},[55,36238,36239],{"class":73},"Study Python",[55,36241,228],{"class":69},[55,36243,2764],{"class":91},[55,36245,70],{"class":69},[55,36247,36248],{"class":73},"Go for a walk",[55,36250,228],{"class":69},[55,36252,3413],{"class":91},[55,36254,36255],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36256,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36258,36259,36261,36263,36265,36268,36270,36272,36274,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36260,5743],{"class":487},[55,36262,1971],{"class":61},[55,36264,2764],{"class":91},[55,36266,36267],{"class":61}," task ",[55,36269,3662],{"class":487},[55,36271,35602],{"class":105},[55,36273,109],{"class":91},[55,36275,36276],{"class":95},"tasks",[55,36278,2764],{"class":91},[55,36280,35821],{"class":8955},[55,36282,66],{"class":65},[55,36284,2761],{"class":1210},[55,36286,8124],{"class":91},[55,36288,36289,36291,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36310,36312,36314],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36290,516],{"class":105},[55,36292,109],{"class":91},[55,36294,22070],{"class":1838},[55,36296,228],{"class":73},[55,36298,9058],{"class":1210},[55,36300,1220],{"class":95},[55,36302,22079],{"class":1210},[55,36304,28086],{"class":73},[55,36306,9058],{"class":1210},[55,36308,36309],{"class":95},"task",[55,36311,22079],{"class":1210},[55,36313,228],{"class":73},[55,36315,342],{"class":91},[20,36317,357],{},[46,36319,36321],{"className":48,"code":36320,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36322,36323,36335,36347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36324,36325,36327,36329,36332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36326,2761],{"class":1210},[55,36328,92],{"class":91},[55,36330,36331],{"class":1047}," Wash",[55,36333,36334],{"class":61}," dishes\n",[55,36336,36337,36339,36341,36344],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36338,1829],{"class":1210},[55,36340,92],{"class":91},[55,36342,36343],{"class":1047}," Study",[55,36345,36346],{"class":61}," Python\n",[55,36348,36349,36351,36353,36356,36358],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36350,1835],{"class":1210},[55,36352,92],{"class":91},[55,36354,36355],{"class":1047}," Go",[55,36357,3656],{"class":487},[55,36359,36360],{"class":61}," a walk\n",[20,36362,36363,36364,36366,36367,92],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36365,35520],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36368,36369],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36371,36372,36373,92],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[166,36374,36376,36377,36379],{"href":36375},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36378,35520],{}," in Python",[131,36381,36383,36384,36386],{"id":36382},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36385,35842],{}," argument",[20,36388,36389,36390,36392],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36391,35842],{}," argument.",[20,36394,36395,36396,1012,36398,539],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36397,2761],{},[15,36399,1894],{},[46,36401,36403],{"className":48,"code":36402,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36404,36405,36437,36441,36469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36406,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36408,12855],{"class":61},[55,36410,66],{"class":65},[55,36412,3400],{"class":91},[55,36414,228],{"class":69},[55,36416,12872],{"class":73},[55,36418,228],{"class":69},[55,36420,2764],{"class":91},[55,36422,70],{"class":69},[55,36424,17232],{"class":73},[55,36426,228],{"class":69},[55,36428,2764],{"class":91},[55,36430,70],{"class":69},[55,36432,705],{"class":73},[55,36434,228],{"class":69},[55,36436,3413],{"class":91},[55,36438,36439],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36440,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36442,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36444,5743],{"class":487},[55,36446,35592],{"class":61},[55,36448,2764],{"class":91},[55,36450,35597],{"class":61},[55,36452,3662],{"class":487},[55,36454,35602],{"class":105},[55,36456,109],{"class":91},[55,36458,17279],{"class":95},[55,36460,2764],{"class":91},[55,36462,35821],{"class":8955},[55,36464,66],{"class":65},[55,36466,2761],{"class":1210},[55,36468,8124],{"class":91},[55,36470,36471,36473,36475,36477,36479,36481],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36472,516],{"class":105},[55,36474,109],{"class":91},[55,36476,35617],{"class":95},[55,36478,2764],{"class":91},[55,36480,692],{"class":95},[55,36482,342],{"class":91},[20,36484,357],{},[46,36486,36488],{"className":48,"code":36487,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36489,36490,36496,36502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36491,36492,36494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36493,2761],{"class":1210},[55,36495,35637],{"class":61},[55,36497,36498,36500],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36499,1829],{"class":1210},[55,36501,35644],{"class":61},[55,36503,36504,36506],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36505,1835],{"class":1210},[55,36507,35651],{"class":61},[20,36509,36510],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36512,36513],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[131,36515,25132],{"id":25131},[20,36517,25135,36518,92],{},[15,36519,35520],{},[1003,36521,36523],{"id":36522},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36525,36526],{},"In this loop:",[46,36528,36530],{"className":48,"code":36529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36531,36532,36552,36556,36576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36533,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546,36548,36550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36535,3395],{"class":61},[55,36537,66],{"class":65},[55,36539,3400],{"class":91},[55,36541,2101],{"class":1210},[55,36543,2764],{"class":91},[55,36545,7574],{"class":1210},[55,36547,2764],{"class":91},[55,36549,7579],{"class":1210},[55,36551,3413],{"class":91},[55,36553,36554],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36555,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36557,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36559,5743],{"class":487},[55,36561,35592],{"class":61},[55,36563,2764],{"class":91},[55,36565,21362],{"class":61},[55,36567,3662],{"class":487},[55,36569,35602],{"class":105},[55,36571,109],{"class":91},[55,36573,3427],{"class":95},[55,36575,8124],{"class":91},[55,36577,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36579,516],{"class":105},[55,36581,109],{"class":91},[55,36583,35617],{"class":95},[55,36585,2764],{"class":91},[55,36587,8215],{"class":95},[55,36589,342],{"class":91},[30,36591,36592,36602],{},[33,36593,36594,4566,36596,1963,36598,1963,36600],{},[15,36595,35617],{},[15,36597,1894],{},[15,36599,2761],{},[15,36601,1829],{},[33,36603,36604,4566,36606,1963,36608,1963,36610],{},[15,36605,2245],{},[15,36607,2101],{},[15,36609,15533],{},[15,36611,36612],{},"30",[20,36614,36615],{},"These are different things.",[1003,36617,36619],{"id":36618},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36621,36622,36623,36625],{},"Each item from ",[15,36624,35520],{}," is a pair.",[20,36627,6474],{},[46,36629,36631],{"className":48,"code":36630,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36632,36633,36657,36661,36681],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36634,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36636,7563],{"class":61},[55,36638,66],{"class":65},[55,36640,3400],{"class":91},[55,36642,228],{"class":69},[55,36644,1947],{"class":73},[55,36646,228],{"class":69},[55,36648,2764],{"class":91},[55,36650,70],{"class":69},[55,36652,11525],{"class":73},[55,36654,228],{"class":69},[55,36656,3413],{"class":91},[55,36658,36659],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36660,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36662,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36664,5743],{"class":487},[55,36666,35899],{"class":61},[55,36668,2764],{"class":91},[55,36670,5746],{"class":61},[55,36672,3662],{"class":487},[55,36674,35602],{"class":105},[55,36676,109],{"class":91},[55,36678,7594],{"class":95},[55,36680,8124],{"class":91},[55,36682,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36684,516],{"class":105},[55,36686,109],{"class":91},[55,36688,35924],{"class":95},[55,36690,2764],{"class":91},[55,36692,29278],{"class":95},[55,36694,342],{"class":91},[20,36696,36697],{},"But this causes an error:",[46,36699,36701],{"className":48,"code":36700,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36702,36703,36727,36731,36756],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36704,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36706,7563],{"class":61},[55,36708,66],{"class":65},[55,36710,3400],{"class":91},[55,36712,228],{"class":69},[55,36714,1947],{"class":73},[55,36716,228],{"class":69},[55,36718,2764],{"class":91},[55,36720,70],{"class":69},[55,36722,11525],{"class":73},[55,36724,228],{"class":69},[55,36726,3413],{"class":91},[55,36728,36729],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36730,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36732,36733,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36734,5743],{"class":487},[55,36736,35899],{"class":61},[55,36738,2764],{"class":91},[55,36740,29278],{"class":61},[55,36742,2764],{"class":91},[55,36744,36745],{"class":61}," extra ",[55,36747,3662],{"class":487},[55,36749,35602],{"class":105},[55,36751,109],{"class":91},[55,36753,7594],{"class":95},[55,36755,8124],{"class":91},[55,36757,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36773],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36759,516],{"class":105},[55,36761,109],{"class":91},[55,36763,35924],{"class":95},[55,36765,2764],{"class":91},[55,36767,29278],{"class":95},[55,36769,2764],{"class":91},[55,36771,36772],{"class":95}," extra",[55,36774,342],{"class":91},[20,36776,1373,36777,36779],{},[15,36778,35520],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1003,36781,36783,36785],{"id":36782},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36784,35520],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36787,36788],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36790,36791],{},"Example with a string:",[46,36793,36795],{"className":48,"code":36794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36796,36797,36823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36798,36799,36801,36803,36805,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36819,36821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36800,5743],{"class":487},[55,36802,35592],{"class":61},[55,36804,2764],{"class":91},[55,36806,36807],{"class":61}," char ",[55,36809,3662],{"class":487},[55,36811,35602],{"class":105},[55,36813,109],{"class":91},[55,36815,228],{"class":69},[55,36817,36818],{"class":73},"cat",[55,36820,228],{"class":69},[55,36822,8124],{"class":91},[55,36824,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833,36836],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36826,516],{"class":105},[55,36828,109],{"class":91},[55,36830,35617],{"class":95},[55,36832,2764],{"class":91},[55,36834,36835],{"class":95}," char",[55,36837,342],{"class":91},[20,36839,357],{},[46,36841,36843],{"className":48,"code":36842,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36844,36845,36851,36857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36846,36847,36849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36848,1894],{"class":1210},[55,36850,35959],{"class":61},[55,36852,36853,36855],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36854,2761],{"class":1210},[55,36856,35945],{"class":61},[55,36858,36859,36861],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36860,1829],{"class":1210},[55,36862,36863],{"class":61}," t\n",[20,36865,36866,36867,92],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[166,36868,4920],{"href":5371},[1003,36870,36872],{"id":36871},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36874,36875,36876,92],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36877,35520],{},[20,36879,36880,36881,36883],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36882,5743],{}," loop:",[46,36885,36887],{"className":48,"code":36886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36888,36889,36921,36925,36937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36890,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36892,12855],{"class":61},[55,36894,66],{"class":65},[55,36896,3400],{"class":91},[55,36898,228],{"class":69},[55,36900,12872],{"class":73},[55,36902,228],{"class":69},[55,36904,2764],{"class":91},[55,36906,70],{"class":69},[55,36908,17232],{"class":73},[55,36910,228],{"class":69},[55,36912,2764],{"class":91},[55,36914,70],{"class":69},[55,36916,705],{"class":73},[55,36918,228],{"class":69},[55,36920,3413],{"class":91},[55,36922,36923],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,36924,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,36926,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,36928,5743],{"class":487},[55,36930,35597],{"class":61},[55,36932,3662],{"class":487},[55,36934,12902],{"class":61},[55,36936,511],{"class":91},[55,36938,36939,36941,36943,36945],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,36940,516],{"class":105},[55,36942,109],{"class":91},[55,36944,32664],{"class":95},[55,36946,342],{"class":91},[20,36948,36949],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[131,36951,1001],{"id":1000},[20,36953,36954],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,36956,36957,36962,36968,36973],{},[33,36958,22877,36959,36961],{},[15,36960,35520],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,36963,36964,36965,36967],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36966,1894],{}," by default",[33,36969,1185,36970,36972],{},[15,36971,35520],{}," when only values are needed",[33,36974,36975,36976,8483,36978],{},"Confusing ",[15,36977,35520],{},[15,36979,35968],{},[20,36981,36982],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[46,36984,36986],{"className":48,"code":36985,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36987,36988,37010,37037,37071,37104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36989,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36991,106],{"class":105},[55,36993,109],{"class":91},[55,36995,35812],{"class":105},[55,36997,2758],{"class":91},[55,36999,2101],{"class":1210},[55,37001,2764],{"class":91},[55,37003,7574],{"class":1210},[55,37005,2764],{"class":91},[55,37007,7579],{"class":1210},[55,37009,2774],{"class":91},[55,37011,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,37013,106],{"class":105},[55,37015,109],{"class":91},[55,37017,7877],{"class":1265},[55,37019,109],{"class":91},[55,37021,35812],{"class":105},[55,37023,2758],{"class":91},[55,37025,2101],{"class":1210},[55,37027,2764],{"class":91},[55,37029,7574],{"class":1210},[55,37031,2764],{"class":91},[55,37033,7579],{"class":1210},[55,37035,37036],{"class":91},"])))\n",[55,37038,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,37040,106],{"class":105},[55,37042,109],{"class":91},[55,37044,7877],{"class":1265},[55,37046,109],{"class":91},[55,37048,35812],{"class":105},[55,37050,2758],{"class":91},[55,37052,2101],{"class":1210},[55,37054,2764],{"class":91},[55,37056,7574],{"class":1210},[55,37058,2764],{"class":91},[55,37060,7579],{"class":1210},[55,37062,17839],{"class":91},[55,37064,35821],{"class":8955},[55,37066,66],{"class":65},[55,37068,2761],{"class":1210},[55,37070,2685],{"class":91},[55,37072,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,37074,5743],{"class":487},[55,37076,35899],{"class":61},[55,37078,2764],{"class":91},[55,37080,21362],{"class":61},[55,37082,3662],{"class":487},[55,37084,35602],{"class":105},[55,37086,2758],{"class":91},[55,37088,3077],{"class":69},[55,37090,166],{"class":73},[55,37092,3077],{"class":69},[55,37094,2764],{"class":91},[55,37096,3072],{"class":69},[55,37098,4543],{"class":73},[55,37100,3077],{"class":69},[55,37102,37103],{"class":91},"]):\n",[55,37105,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114,37116],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,37107,516],{"class":105},[55,37109,109],{"class":91},[55,37111,35924],{"class":95},[55,37113,2764],{"class":91},[55,37115,8215],{"class":95},[55,37117,342],{"class":91},[20,37119,16736],{},[46,37121,37123],{"className":48,"code":37122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37124,37125,37145,37177,37209,37215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37126,37127,37129,37131,37133,37136,37140,37143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37128,3066],{"class":65},[55,37130,35812],{"class":105},[55,37132,24392],{"class":1265},[55,37134,37135],{"class":61}," at ",[55,37137,37139],{"class":37138},"srjyR","0x",[55,37141,37142],{"class":375},"...",[55,37144,3080],{"class":65},[55,37146,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,37148,21517],{"class":91},[55,37150,1894],{"class":1210},[55,37152,2764],{"class":91},[55,37154,5790],{"class":1210},[55,37156,9013],{"class":91},[55,37158,9016],{"class":91},[55,37160,2761],{"class":1210},[55,37162,2764],{"class":91},[55,37164,7574],{"class":1210},[55,37166,9013],{"class":91},[55,37168,9016],{"class":91},[55,37170,1829],{"class":1210},[55,37172,2764],{"class":91},[55,37174,7579],{"class":1210},[55,37176,9029],{"class":91},[55,37178,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,37180,21517],{"class":91},[55,37182,2761],{"class":1210},[55,37184,2764],{"class":91},[55,37186,5790],{"class":1210},[55,37188,9013],{"class":91},[55,37190,9016],{"class":91},[55,37192,1829],{"class":1210},[55,37194,2764],{"class":91},[55,37196,7574],{"class":1210},[55,37198,9013],{"class":91},[55,37200,9016],{"class":91},[55,37202,1835],{"class":1210},[55,37204,2764],{"class":91},[55,37206,7579],{"class":1210},[55,37208,9029],{"class":91},[55,37210,37211,37213],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,37212,1894],{"class":1210},[55,37214,35945],{"class":61},[55,37216,37217,37219],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,37218,2761],{"class":1210},[55,37220,35952],{"class":61},[131,37222,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,37224,1603,37226,4928],{"id":37225},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37227,35520],{},[20,37229,37230],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1003,37232,1581,37234,37236],{"id":37233},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37235,35520],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37238,37239,37240,37242,37243,37246],{},"It starts at ",[15,37241,1894],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37244,37245],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1003,37248,21198,37250,1012,37252,1631],{"id":37249},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37251,35520],{},[15,37253,37254],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37256,36363,37257,37259],{},[15,37258,35520],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1003,37261,4953,37263,37265],{"id":37262},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37264,35520],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37267,37268,37269,37271],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37270,35520],{}," can return each character with its index.",[131,37273,1643],{"id":1642},[30,37275,37276,37280,37286,37293],{},[33,37277,37278],{},[166,37279,35798],{"href":35797},[33,37281,37282],{},[166,37283,1686,37284,1689],{"href":35965},[15,37285,35968],{},[33,37287,37288],{},[166,37289,37290,37291,36379],{"href":36375},"How to use ",[15,37292,35520],{},[33,37294,37295],{},[166,37296,4999],{"href":5371},[1696,37298,37299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":37301},[37302,37303,37305,37306,37308,37310,37312,37319,37320,37330],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":35659,"depth":80,"text":37304},"What enumerate() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":35971,"depth":80,"text":37307},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36186,"depth":80,"text":37309},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36382,"depth":80,"text":37311},"Using the start argument",{"id":25131,"depth":80,"text":25132,"children":37313},[37314,37315,37316,37318],{"id":36522,"depth":102,"text":36523},{"id":36618,"depth":102,"text":36619},{"id":36782,"depth":102,"text":37317},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36871,"depth":102,"text":36872},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":37321},[37322,37324,37326,37328],{"id":37225,"depth":102,"text":37323},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37233,"depth":102,"text":37325},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37249,"depth":102,"text":37327},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37262,"depth":102,"text":37329},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35512,"description":37331},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37338,"title":37339,"body":37340,"description":39856,"extension":1733,"meta":39857,"navigation":248,"path":39858,"seo":39859,"stem":39860,"__hash__":39861},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37341,"toc":39813},[37342,37348,37353,37356,37364,37378,37380,37471,37479,37484,37489,37491,37507,37509,37588,37590,37607,37613,37617,37619,37640,37644,37647,37659,37663,37666,37669,37686,37689,37765,37767,37784,37789,37793,37801,37804,37819,37821,37910,37912,37957,37960,37964,37967,38046,38048,38070,38073,38080,38085,38088,38191,38193,38218,38221,38228,38234,38239,38242,38253,38359,38361,38382,38390,38397,38403,38422,38427,38430,38449,38451,38536,38538,38567,38570,38575,38580,38583,38594,38596,38685,38687,38707,38713,38819,38821,38841,38844,38928,38930,38950,38957,38959,38963,38969,38972,39029,39032,39035,39096,39105,39108,39111,39139,39142,39202,39204,39221,39225,39228,39306,39308,39328,39331,39406,39410,39413,39415,39424,39429,39431,39482,39490,39502,39507,39568,39570,39587,39591,39654,39656,39681,39689,39691,39697,39703,39710,39718,39724,39727,39734,39744,39750,39756,39759,39776,39782,39784,39810],[10,37343,1686,37345,3355],{"id":37344},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37346,37347],{},"filter()",[20,37349,37350,37352],{},[15,37351,37347],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37354,37355],{},"It takes:",[30,37357,37358,37361],{},[33,37359,37360],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37362,37363],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37365,37366,37367,37370,37371,37374,37375,37377],{},"The result is ",[123,37368,37369],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37372,37373],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37376,24555],{}," to see the values.",[131,37379,1775],{"id":1774},[46,37381,37383],{"className":48,"code":37382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37384,37385,37418,37454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37386,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37388,3395],{"class":61},[55,37390,66],{"class":65},[55,37392,3400],{"class":91},[55,37394,2761],{"class":1210},[55,37396,2764],{"class":91},[55,37398,2767],{"class":1210},[55,37400,2764],{"class":91},[55,37402,2223],{"class":1210},[55,37404,2764],{"class":91},[55,37406,2229],{"class":1210},[55,37408,2764],{"class":91},[55,37410,4388],{"class":1210},[55,37412,2764],{"class":91},[55,37414,37415],{"class":1210}," 6",[55,37417,3413],{"class":91},[55,37419,37420,37422,37424,37427,37429,37432,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,37421,83],{"class":61},[55,37423,66],{"class":65},[55,37425,37426],{"class":105}," filter",[55,37428,109],{"class":91},[55,37430,37431],{"class":1838},"lambda",[55,37433,37435],{"class":37434},"sFwrP"," x",[55,37437,539],{"class":91},[55,37439,3659],{"class":95},[55,37441,6189],{"class":65},[55,37443,2767],{"class":1210},[55,37445,501],{"class":65},[55,37447,3612],{"class":1210},[55,37449,2764],{"class":91},[55,37451,4045],{"class":95},[55,37453,342],{"class":91},[55,37455,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,37457,106],{"class":105},[55,37459,109],{"class":91},[55,37461,7877],{"class":1265},[55,37463,109],{"class":91},[55,37465,112],{"class":95},[55,37467,5145],{"class":91},[55,37469,37470],{"class":118},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37472,37473,37475,37476,37478],{},[15,37474,37347],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37477,24555],{}," to see the results.",[131,37480,134,37482,137],{"id":37481},"what-filter-does",[15,37483,37347],{},[20,37485,37486,37488],{},[15,37487,37347],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37490,1881],{},[30,37492,37493,37496,37502],{},[33,37494,37495],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37497,37498,37499,37501],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37500,3380],{},", the item is kept",[33,37503,37498,37504,37506],{},[15,37505,3452],{},", the item is removed",[20,37508,214],{},[46,37510,37512],{"className":48,"code":37511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37513,37514,37542,37546,37574],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37515,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37517,3395],{"class":61},[55,37519,66],{"class":65},[55,37521,3400],{"class":91},[55,37523,2761],{"class":1210},[55,37525,2764],{"class":91},[55,37527,2767],{"class":1210},[55,37529,2764],{"class":91},[55,37531,2223],{"class":1210},[55,37533,2764],{"class":91},[55,37535,2229],{"class":1210},[55,37537,2764],{"class":91},[55,37539,4388],{"class":1210},[55,37541,3413],{"class":91},[55,37543,37544],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,37545,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,37547,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,37549,83],{"class":61},[55,37551,66],{"class":65},[55,37553,37426],{"class":105},[55,37555,109],{"class":91},[55,37557,37431],{"class":1838},[55,37559,37435],{"class":37434},[55,37561,539],{"class":91},[55,37563,3659],{"class":95},[55,37565,4034],{"class":65},[55,37567,2223],{"class":1210},[55,37569,2764],{"class":91},[55,37571,4045],{"class":95},[55,37573,342],{"class":91},[55,37575,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,37577,106],{"class":105},[55,37579,109],{"class":91},[55,37581,7877],{"class":1265},[55,37583,109],{"class":91},[55,37585,112],{"class":95},[55,37587,1273],{"class":91},[20,37589,357],{},[46,37591,37593],{"className":48,"code":37592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37594,37595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37596,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37598,3680],{"class":91},[55,37600,2277],{"class":1210},[55,37602,2764],{"class":91},[55,37604,4388],{"class":1210},[55,37606,3413],{"class":91},[20,37608,37609,37610,37612],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37611,1835],{}," are kept.",[131,37614,37616],{"id":37615},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37618,181],{},[46,37620,37622],{"className":48,"code":37621,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37623,37624],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37625,37626,37628,37630,37633,37635,37638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37627,37373],{"class":105},[55,37629,109],{"class":91},[55,37631,37632],{"class":95},"function",[55,37634,2764],{"class":91},[55,37636,37637],{"class":95}," iterable",[55,37639,342],{"class":91},[1003,37641,37642],{"id":37632},[15,37643,37632],{},[20,37645,37646],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37648,37649,37652],{},[33,37650,37651],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37653,37654,37655,2651,37657],{},"It should return ",[15,37656,3380],{},[15,37658,3452],{},[1003,37660,37661],{"id":3498},[15,37662,3498],{},[20,37664,37665],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37667,37668],{},"It can be:",[30,37670,37671,37674,37677,37680,37683],{},[33,37672,37673],{},"a list",[33,37675,37676],{},"a tuple",[33,37678,37679],{},"a string",[33,37681,37682],{},"a set",[33,37684,37685],{},"another iterable object",[20,37687,37688],{},"Example with a tuple:",[46,37690,37692],{"className":48,"code":37691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37693,37694,37719,37723,37751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37695,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37697,3395],{"class":61},[55,37699,66],{"class":65},[55,37701,9016],{"class":91},[55,37703,2101],{"class":1210},[55,37705,2764],{"class":91},[55,37707,37708],{"class":1210}," 15",[55,37710,2764],{"class":91},[55,37712,7574],{"class":1210},[55,37714,2764],{"class":91},[55,37716,9086],{"class":1210},[55,37718,342],{"class":91},[55,37720,37721],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,37722,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,37724,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,37726,83],{"class":61},[55,37728,66],{"class":65},[55,37730,37426],{"class":105},[55,37732,109],{"class":91},[55,37734,37431],{"class":1838},[55,37736,37435],{"class":37434},[55,37738,539],{"class":91},[55,37740,3659],{"class":95},[55,37742,4882],{"class":65},[55,37744,7574],{"class":1210},[55,37746,2764],{"class":91},[55,37748,4045],{"class":95},[55,37750,342],{"class":91},[55,37752,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,37754,106],{"class":105},[55,37756,109],{"class":91},[55,37758,7877],{"class":1265},[55,37760,109],{"class":91},[55,37762,112],{"class":95},[55,37764,1273],{"class":91},[20,37766,357],{},[46,37768,37770],{"className":48,"code":37769,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37771,37772],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37773,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37775,3680],{"class":91},[55,37777,15533],{"class":1210},[55,37779,2764],{"class":91},[55,37781,9086],{"class":1210},[55,37783,3413],{"class":91},[20,37785,37786,37787,92],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[166,37788,4920],{"href":5371},[131,37790,37792],{"id":37791},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37794,37795,37796,451,37798,92],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37797,37347],{},[123,37799,37800],{},"filter object",[20,37802,37803],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37805,37806,37809,37814],{},[33,37807,37808],{},"loop through it",[33,37810,37811,37812],{},"convert it with ",[15,37813,24555],{},[33,37815,37811,37816],{},[15,37817,37818],{},"tuple()",[20,37820,214],{},[46,37822,37824],{"className":48,"code":37823,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37825,37826,37868,37872,37882,37896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37827,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37829,83],{"class":61},[55,37831,66],{"class":65},[55,37833,37426],{"class":105},[55,37835,109],{"class":91},[55,37837,37431],{"class":1838},[55,37839,37435],{"class":37434},[55,37841,539],{"class":91},[55,37843,3659],{"class":95},[55,37845,4034],{"class":65},[55,37847,2767],{"class":1210},[55,37849,2764],{"class":91},[55,37851,3400],{"class":91},[55,37853,2761],{"class":1210},[55,37855,2764],{"class":91},[55,37857,2767],{"class":1210},[55,37859,2764],{"class":91},[55,37861,2223],{"class":1210},[55,37863,2764],{"class":91},[55,37865,2229],{"class":1210},[55,37867,3668],{"class":91},[55,37869,37870],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,37871,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,37873,37874,37876,37878,37880],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,37875,106],{"class":105},[55,37877,109],{"class":91},[55,37879,112],{"class":95},[55,37881,342],{"class":91},[55,37883,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,37885,106],{"class":105},[55,37887,109],{"class":91},[55,37889,1266],{"class":1265},[55,37891,109],{"class":91},[55,37893,112],{"class":95},[55,37895,1273],{"class":91},[55,37897,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,37899,106],{"class":105},[55,37901,109],{"class":91},[55,37903,7877],{"class":1265},[55,37905,109],{"class":91},[55,37907,112],{"class":95},[55,37909,1273],{"class":91},[20,37911,357],{},[46,37913,37915],{"className":48,"code":37914,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37916,37917,37931,37945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37918,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37920,3066],{"class":65},[55,37922,37373],{"class":105},[55,37924,24392],{"class":1265},[55,37926,37135],{"class":61},[55,37928,37142],{"class":375},[55,37930,3080],{"class":65},[55,37932,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,37934,3066],{"class":65},[55,37936,3069],{"class":1838},[55,37938,3072],{"class":69},[55,37940,37373],{"class":73},[55,37942,3077],{"class":69},[55,37944,3080],{"class":65},[55,37946,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,37948,3680],{"class":91},[55,37950,1835],{"class":1210},[55,37952,2764],{"class":91},[55,37954,2229],{"class":1210},[55,37956,3413],{"class":91},[20,37958,37959],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1003,37961,37963],{"id":37962},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37965,37966],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[46,37968,37970],{"className":48,"code":37969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37971,37972,38014,38018,38032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37973,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37975,83],{"class":61},[55,37977,66],{"class":65},[55,37979,37426],{"class":105},[55,37981,109],{"class":91},[55,37983,37431],{"class":1838},[55,37985,37435],{"class":37434},[55,37987,539],{"class":91},[55,37989,3659],{"class":95},[55,37991,4034],{"class":65},[55,37993,2767],{"class":1210},[55,37995,2764],{"class":91},[55,37997,3400],{"class":91},[55,37999,2761],{"class":1210},[55,38001,2764],{"class":91},[55,38003,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38005,2764],{"class":91},[55,38007,2223],{"class":1210},[55,38009,2764],{"class":91},[55,38011,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38013,3668],{"class":91},[55,38015,38016],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38017,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38019,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,38021,106],{"class":105},[55,38023,109],{"class":91},[55,38025,7877],{"class":1265},[55,38027,109],{"class":91},[55,38029,112],{"class":95},[55,38031,1273],{"class":91},[55,38033,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,38035,106],{"class":105},[55,38037,109],{"class":91},[55,38039,7877],{"class":1265},[55,38041,109],{"class":91},[55,38043,112],{"class":95},[55,38045,1273],{"class":91},[20,38047,357],{},[46,38049,38051],{"className":48,"code":38050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38052,38053,38065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38054,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38056,3680],{"class":91},[55,38058,1835],{"class":1210},[55,38060,2764],{"class":91},[55,38062,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38064,3413],{"class":91},[55,38066,38067],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38068,38069],{"class":91},"[]\n",[20,38071,38072],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[131,38074,1185,38076,8483,38078],{"id":38075},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38077,37347],{},[15,38079,37431],{},[20,38081,14969,38082,38084],{},[15,38083,37431],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38086,38087],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[46,38089,38091],{"className":48,"code":38090,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38092,38093,38135,38139,38177],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38094,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38131,38133],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38096,3851],{"class":61},[55,38098,66],{"class":65},[55,38100,3400],{"class":91},[55,38102,228],{"class":69},[55,38104,3860],{"class":73},[55,38106,228],{"class":69},[55,38108,2764],{"class":91},[55,38110,70],{"class":69},[55,38112,38113],{"class":73},"kiwi",[55,38115,228],{"class":69},[55,38117,2764],{"class":91},[55,38119,70],{"class":69},[55,38121,3869],{"class":73},[55,38123,228],{"class":69},[55,38125,2764],{"class":91},[55,38127,70],{"class":69},[55,38129,38130],{"class":73},"fig",[55,38132,228],{"class":69},[55,38134,3413],{"class":91},[55,38136,38137],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38138,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38140,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38154,38156,38159,38161,38164,38166,38169,38171,38173,38175],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,38142,83],{"class":61},[55,38144,66],{"class":65},[55,38146,37426],{"class":105},[55,38148,109],{"class":91},[55,38150,37431],{"class":1838},[55,38152,38153],{"class":37434}," word",[55,38155,539],{"class":91},[55,38157,38158],{"class":105}," len",[55,38160,109],{"class":91},[55,38162,38163],{"class":95},"word",[55,38165,115],{"class":91},[55,38167,38168],{"class":65}," >",[55,38170,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38172,2764],{"class":91},[55,38174,5954],{"class":95},[55,38176,342],{"class":91},[55,38178,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,38180,106],{"class":105},[55,38182,109],{"class":91},[55,38184,7877],{"class":1265},[55,38186,109],{"class":91},[55,38188,112],{"class":95},[55,38190,1273],{"class":91},[20,38192,357],{},[46,38194,38196],{"className":48,"code":38195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38197,38198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38199,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38201,3680],{"class":91},[55,38203,3077],{"class":69},[55,38205,3860],{"class":73},[55,38207,3077],{"class":69},[55,38209,2764],{"class":91},[55,38211,3072],{"class":69},[55,38213,3869],{"class":73},[55,38215,3077],{"class":69},[55,38217,3413],{"class":91},[20,38219,38220],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38222,38223,38224,92],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[166,38225,38227],{"href":38226},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[131,38229,1185,38231,38233],{"id":38230},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38232,37347],{}," with a named function",[20,38235,38236,38237,92],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38238,37431],{},[20,38240,38241],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38243,38244,38247,38250],{},[33,38245,38246],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38248,38249],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38251,38252],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[46,38254,38256],{"className":48,"code":38255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38257,38258,38271,38286,38290,38322,38341,38345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38259,38260,38262,38265,38267,38269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38261,34621],{"class":1838},[55,38263,38264],{"class":34624}," is_even",[55,38266,109],{"class":91},[55,38268,1220],{"class":37434},[55,38270,8124],{"class":91},[55,38272,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38274,34632],{"class":487},[55,38276,6173],{"class":61},[55,38278,6189],{"class":65},[55,38280,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38282,501],{"class":65},[55,38284,38285],{"class":1210}," 0\n",[55,38287,38288],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,38289,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38291,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,38293,3395],{"class":61},[55,38295,66],{"class":65},[55,38297,3400],{"class":91},[55,38299,2761],{"class":1210},[55,38301,2764],{"class":91},[55,38303,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38305,2764],{"class":91},[55,38307,2223],{"class":1210},[55,38309,2764],{"class":91},[55,38311,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38313,2764],{"class":91},[55,38315,4388],{"class":1210},[55,38317,2764],{"class":91},[55,38319,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38321,3413],{"class":91},[55,38323,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38335,38337,38339],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,38325,83],{"class":61},[55,38327,66],{"class":65},[55,38329,37426],{"class":105},[55,38331,109],{"class":91},[55,38333,38334],{"class":95},"is_even",[55,38336,2764],{"class":91},[55,38338,4045],{"class":95},[55,38340,342],{"class":91},[55,38342,38343],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,38344,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38346,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,38348,106],{"class":105},[55,38350,109],{"class":91},[55,38352,7877],{"class":1265},[55,38354,109],{"class":91},[55,38356,112],{"class":95},[55,38358,1273],{"class":91},[20,38360,357],{},[46,38362,38364],{"className":48,"code":38363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38365,38366],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38367,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38369,3680],{"class":91},[55,38371,1829],{"class":1210},[55,38373,2764],{"class":91},[55,38375,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38377,2764],{"class":91},[55,38379,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38381,3413],{"class":91},[20,38383,20549,38384,2168,38387,38389],{},[15,38385,38386],{},"is_even()",[15,38388,3380],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[131,38391,1185,38393,8483,38395],{"id":38392},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38394,3556],{},[15,38396,37347],{},[20,38398,38399,38400,38402],{},"You can pass ",[15,38401,3556],{}," as the first argument:",[46,38404,38406],{"className":48,"code":38405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38407,38408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38409,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38411,37373],{"class":105},[55,38413,109],{"class":91},[55,38415,3556],{"class":3631},[55,38417,2764],{"class":91},[55,38419,37637],{"class":95},[55,38421,342],{"class":91},[20,38423,38424,38425,7125],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[123,38426,5381],{},[20,38428,38429],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38431,38432,38436,38441,38445],{},[33,38433,38434],{},[15,38435,1894],{},[33,38437,38438,38440],{},[15,38439,3551],{}," (empty string)",[33,38442,38443],{},[15,38444,3556],{},[33,38446,38447],{},[15,38448,3452],{},[20,38450,214],{},[46,38452,38454],{"className":48,"code":38453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38455,38456,38500,38504,38522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38457,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38459,7563],{"class":61},[55,38461,66],{"class":65},[55,38463,3400],{"class":91},[55,38465,1894],{"class":1210},[55,38467,2764],{"class":91},[55,38469,5282],{"class":1210},[55,38471,2764],{"class":91},[55,38473,5912],{"class":69},[55,38475,2764],{"class":91},[55,38477,70],{"class":69},[55,38479,3624],{"class":73},[55,38481,228],{"class":69},[55,38483,2764],{"class":91},[55,38485,3632],{"class":3631},[55,38487,2764],{"class":91},[55,38489,3696],{"class":3631},[55,38491,2764],{"class":91},[55,38493,3687],{"class":3631},[55,38495,2764],{"class":91},[55,38497,4388],{"class":1210},[55,38499,3413],{"class":91},[55,38501,38502],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38503,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38505,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,38507,83],{"class":61},[55,38509,66],{"class":65},[55,38511,37426],{"class":105},[55,38513,109],{"class":91},[55,38515,3556],{"class":3631},[55,38517,2764],{"class":91},[55,38519,5751],{"class":95},[55,38521,342],{"class":91},[55,38523,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,38525,106],{"class":105},[55,38527,109],{"class":91},[55,38529,7877],{"class":1265},[55,38531,109],{"class":91},[55,38533,112],{"class":95},[55,38535,1273],{"class":91},[20,38537,357],{},[46,38539,38541],{"className":48,"code":38540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38542,38543],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38544,38545,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38546,3680],{"class":91},[55,38548,2761],{"class":1210},[55,38550,2764],{"class":91},[55,38552,3072],{"class":69},[55,38554,3624],{"class":73},[55,38556,3077],{"class":69},[55,38558,2764],{"class":91},[55,38560,3696],{"class":3631},[55,38562,2764],{"class":91},[55,38564,4388],{"class":1210},[55,38566,3413],{"class":91},[20,38568,38569],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[131,38571,4744,38573],{"id":38572},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38574,37347],{},[20,38576,1866,38577,38579],{},[15,38578,37347],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38581,38582],{},"It works well for:",[30,38584,38585,38588,38591],{},[33,38586,38587],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38589,38590],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38592,38593],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38595,214],{},[46,38597,38599],{"className":48,"code":38598,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38600,38601,38633,38666,38670],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38602,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38604,3395],{"class":61},[55,38606,66],{"class":65},[55,38608,3400],{"class":91},[55,38610,2761],{"class":1210},[55,38612,2764],{"class":91},[55,38614,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38616,2764],{"class":91},[55,38618,2223],{"class":1210},[55,38620,2764],{"class":91},[55,38622,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38624,2764],{"class":91},[55,38626,4388],{"class":1210},[55,38628,2764],{"class":91},[55,38630,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38632,3413],{"class":91},[55,38634,38635,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38636,38637],{"class":61},"evens ",[55,38639,66],{"class":65},[55,38641,37426],{"class":105},[55,38643,109],{"class":91},[55,38645,37431],{"class":1838},[55,38647,37435],{"class":37434},[55,38649,539],{"class":91},[55,38651,3659],{"class":95},[55,38653,6189],{"class":65},[55,38655,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38657,501],{"class":65},[55,38659,3612],{"class":1210},[55,38661,2764],{"class":91},[55,38663,4045],{"class":95},[55,38665,342],{"class":91},[55,38667,38668],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,38669,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38671,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38683],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,38673,106],{"class":105},[55,38675,109],{"class":91},[55,38677,7877],{"class":1265},[55,38679,109],{"class":91},[55,38681,38682],{"class":95},"evens",[55,38684,1273],{"class":91},[20,38686,357],{},[46,38688,38689],{"className":48,"code":38363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,38690,38691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38692,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38694,3680],{"class":91},[55,38696,1829],{"class":1210},[55,38698,2764],{"class":91},[55,38700,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38702,2764],{"class":91},[55,38704,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38706,3413],{"class":91},[20,38708,38709,38710,38712],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38711,5743],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[46,38714,38716],{"className":48,"code":38715,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38717,38718,38750,38758,38762,38774,38790,38805,38809],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38719,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38721,3395],{"class":61},[55,38723,66],{"class":65},[55,38725,3400],{"class":91},[55,38727,2761],{"class":1210},[55,38729,2764],{"class":91},[55,38731,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38733,2764],{"class":91},[55,38735,2223],{"class":1210},[55,38737,2764],{"class":91},[55,38739,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38741,2764],{"class":91},[55,38743,4388],{"class":1210},[55,38745,2764],{"class":91},[55,38747,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38749,3413],{"class":91},[55,38751,38752,38754,38756],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38753,38637],{"class":61},[55,38755,66],{"class":65},[55,38757,7623],{"class":91},[55,38759,38760],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,38761,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38763,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,38765,5743],{"class":487},[55,38767,6173],{"class":61},[55,38769,3662],{"class":487},[55,38771,4045],{"class":61},[55,38773,511],{"class":91},[55,38775,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,38777,6184],{"class":487},[55,38779,6173],{"class":61},[55,38781,6189],{"class":65},[55,38783,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38785,501],{"class":65},[55,38787,3612],{"class":1210},[55,38789,511],{"class":91},[55,38791,38792,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,38793,38794],{"class":61},"        evens",[55,38796,92],{"class":91},[55,38798,13332],{"class":95},[55,38800,109],{"class":91},[55,38802,1220],{"class":95},[55,38804,342],{"class":91},[55,38806,38807],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,38808,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38810,38811,38813,38815,38817],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,38812,106],{"class":105},[55,38814,109],{"class":91},[55,38816,38682],{"class":95},[55,38818,342],{"class":91},[20,38820,357],{},[46,38822,38823],{"className":48,"code":38363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,38824,38825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38826,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38828,3680],{"class":91},[55,38830,1829],{"class":1210},[55,38832,2764],{"class":91},[55,38834,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38836,2764],{"class":91},[55,38838,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38840,3413],{"class":91},[20,38842,38843],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[46,38845,38847],{"className":48,"code":38846,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38848,38849,38881,38914,38918],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38850,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38852,3395],{"class":61},[55,38854,66],{"class":65},[55,38856,3400],{"class":91},[55,38858,2761],{"class":1210},[55,38860,2764],{"class":91},[55,38862,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38864,2764],{"class":91},[55,38866,2223],{"class":1210},[55,38868,2764],{"class":91},[55,38870,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38872,2764],{"class":91},[55,38874,4388],{"class":1210},[55,38876,2764],{"class":91},[55,38878,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38880,3413],{"class":91},[55,38882,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,38884,38637],{"class":61},[55,38886,66],{"class":65},[55,38888,3400],{"class":91},[55,38890,1205],{"class":61},[55,38892,5743],{"class":487},[55,38894,6173],{"class":61},[55,38896,3662],{"class":487},[55,38898,38899],{"class":61}," numbers ",[55,38901,488],{"class":487},[55,38903,6173],{"class":61},[55,38905,6189],{"class":65},[55,38907,2767],{"class":1210},[55,38909,501],{"class":65},[55,38911,3612],{"class":1210},[55,38913,3413],{"class":91},[55,38915,38916],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,38917,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,38919,38920,38922,38924,38926],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,38921,106],{"class":105},[55,38923,109],{"class":91},[55,38925,38682],{"class":95},[55,38927,342],{"class":91},[20,38929,357],{},[46,38931,38932],{"className":48,"code":38363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,38933,38934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38935,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38937,3680],{"class":91},[55,38939,1829],{"class":1210},[55,38941,2764],{"class":91},[55,38943,2229],{"class":1210},[55,38945,2764],{"class":91},[55,38947,37415],{"class":1210},[55,38949,3413],{"class":91},[20,38951,38952,38953,92],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[166,38954,38956],{"href":38955},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[131,38958,1001],{"id":1000},[20,38960,14513,38961,92],{},[15,38962,37347],{},[1003,38964,8235,38966,38968],{"id":38965},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38967,37347],{}," to return a list",[20,38970,38971],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[46,38973,38975],{"className":48,"code":38974,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38976,38977,39019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38978,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38980,83],{"class":61},[55,38982,66],{"class":65},[55,38984,37426],{"class":105},[55,38986,109],{"class":91},[55,38988,37431],{"class":1838},[55,38990,37435],{"class":37434},[55,38992,539],{"class":91},[55,38994,3659],{"class":95},[55,38996,4034],{"class":65},[55,38998,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39000,2764],{"class":91},[55,39002,3400],{"class":91},[55,39004,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39006,2764],{"class":91},[55,39008,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39010,2764],{"class":91},[55,39012,2223],{"class":1210},[55,39014,2764],{"class":91},[55,39016,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39018,3668],{"class":91},[55,39020,39021,39023,39025,39027],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39022,106],{"class":105},[55,39024,109],{"class":91},[55,39026,112],{"class":95},[55,39028,342],{"class":91},[20,39030,39031],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39033,39034],{},"Fix:",[46,39036,39038],{"className":48,"code":39037,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39039,39040,39082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39041,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39043,83],{"class":61},[55,39045,66],{"class":65},[55,39047,37426],{"class":105},[55,39049,109],{"class":91},[55,39051,37431],{"class":1838},[55,39053,37435],{"class":37434},[55,39055,539],{"class":91},[55,39057,3659],{"class":95},[55,39059,4034],{"class":65},[55,39061,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39063,2764],{"class":91},[55,39065,3400],{"class":91},[55,39067,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39069,2764],{"class":91},[55,39071,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39073,2764],{"class":91},[55,39075,2223],{"class":1210},[55,39077,2764],{"class":91},[55,39079,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39081,3668],{"class":91},[55,39083,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39085,106],{"class":105},[55,39087,109],{"class":91},[55,39089,7877],{"class":1265},[55,39091,109],{"class":91},[55,39093,112],{"class":95},[55,39095,1273],{"class":91},[1003,39097,39099,39100,2651,39102,39104],{"id":39098},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39101,3380],{},[15,39103,3452],{}," clearly",[20,39106,39107],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39109,39110],{},"Good example:",[46,39112,39114],{"className":48,"code":39113,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39115,39116,39129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39117,39118,39120,39123,39125,39127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39119,34621],{"class":1838},[55,39121,39122],{"class":34624}," is_positive",[55,39124,109],{"class":91},[55,39126,1220],{"class":37434},[55,39128,8124],{"class":91},[55,39130,39131,39133,39135,39137],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39132,34632],{"class":487},[55,39134,6173],{"class":61},[55,39136,4034],{"class":65},[55,39138,38285],{"class":1210},[20,39140,39141],{},"Then use it with:",[46,39143,39145],{"className":48,"code":39144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39146,39147,39179],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39148,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39150,3395],{"class":61},[55,39152,66],{"class":65},[55,39154,3400],{"class":91},[55,39156,1794],{"class":65},[55,39158,1829],{"class":1210},[55,39160,2764],{"class":91},[55,39162,1995],{"class":65},[55,39164,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39166,2764],{"class":91},[55,39168,3612],{"class":1210},[55,39170,2764],{"class":91},[55,39172,5282],{"class":1210},[55,39174,2764],{"class":91},[55,39176,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39178,3413],{"class":91},[55,39180,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39196,39198,39200],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39182,106],{"class":105},[55,39184,109],{"class":91},[55,39186,7877],{"class":1265},[55,39188,109],{"class":91},[55,39190,37373],{"class":105},[55,39192,109],{"class":91},[55,39194,39195],{"class":95},"is_positive",[55,39197,2764],{"class":91},[55,39199,4045],{"class":95},[55,39201,2685],{"class":91},[20,39203,357],{},[46,39205,39207],{"className":48,"code":39206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39208,39209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39210,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39212,3680],{"class":91},[55,39214,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39216,2764],{"class":91},[55,39218,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39220,3413],{"class":91},[1003,39222,39224],{"id":39223},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39226,39227],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[46,39229,39230],{"className":48,"code":37969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,39231,39232,39274,39278,39292],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39233,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39235,83],{"class":61},[55,39237,66],{"class":65},[55,39239,37426],{"class":105},[55,39241,109],{"class":91},[55,39243,37431],{"class":1838},[55,39245,37435],{"class":37434},[55,39247,539],{"class":91},[55,39249,3659],{"class":95},[55,39251,4034],{"class":65},[55,39253,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39255,2764],{"class":91},[55,39257,3400],{"class":91},[55,39259,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39261,2764],{"class":91},[55,39263,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39265,2764],{"class":91},[55,39267,2223],{"class":1210},[55,39269,2764],{"class":91},[55,39271,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39273,3668],{"class":91},[55,39275,39276],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39277,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,39279,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,39281,106],{"class":105},[55,39283,109],{"class":91},[55,39285,7877],{"class":1265},[55,39287,109],{"class":91},[55,39289,112],{"class":95},[55,39291,1273],{"class":91},[55,39293,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,39295,106],{"class":105},[55,39297,109],{"class":91},[55,39299,7877],{"class":1265},[55,39301,109],{"class":91},[55,39303,112],{"class":95},[55,39305,1273],{"class":91},[20,39307,357],{},[46,39309,39310],{"className":48,"code":38050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,39311,39312,39324],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39313,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39315,3680],{"class":91},[55,39317,1835],{"class":1210},[55,39319,2764],{"class":91},[55,39321,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39323,3413],{"class":91},[55,39325,39326],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39327,38069],{"class":91},[20,39329,39330],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[46,39332,39334],{"className":48,"code":39333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39335,39336,39382,39386,39396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39337,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39339,83],{"class":61},[55,39341,66],{"class":65},[55,39343,22336],{"class":1265},[55,39345,109],{"class":91},[55,39347,37373],{"class":105},[55,39349,109],{"class":91},[55,39351,37431],{"class":1838},[55,39353,37435],{"class":37434},[55,39355,539],{"class":91},[55,39357,3659],{"class":95},[55,39359,4034],{"class":65},[55,39361,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39363,2764],{"class":91},[55,39365,3400],{"class":91},[55,39367,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39369,2764],{"class":91},[55,39371,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39373,2764],{"class":91},[55,39375,2223],{"class":1210},[55,39377,2764],{"class":91},[55,39379,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39381,2774],{"class":91},[55,39383,39384],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39385,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,39387,39388,39390,39392,39394],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,39389,106],{"class":105},[55,39391,109],{"class":91},[55,39393,112],{"class":95},[55,39395,342],{"class":91},[55,39397,39398,39400,39402,39404],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,39399,106],{"class":105},[55,39401,109],{"class":91},[55,39403,112],{"class":95},[55,39405,342],{"class":91},[1003,39407,39409],{"id":39408},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39411,39412],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39414,1017],{},[46,39416,39418],{"className":48,"code":39417,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39419,39420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39421,39422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39423,39417],{"class":118},[20,39425,39426,39427,6337],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39428,2101],{},[20,39430,1055],{},[46,39432,39434],{"className":48,"code":39433,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39435,39436],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39437,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39439,106],{"class":105},[55,39441,109],{"class":91},[55,39443,7877],{"class":1265},[55,39445,109],{"class":91},[55,39447,37373],{"class":105},[55,39449,109],{"class":91},[55,39451,37431],{"class":1838},[55,39453,37435],{"class":37434},[55,39455,539],{"class":91},[55,39457,3659],{"class":95},[55,39459,4034],{"class":65},[55,39461,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39463,2764],{"class":91},[55,39465,3400],{"class":91},[55,39467,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39469,2764],{"class":91},[55,39471,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39473,2764],{"class":91},[55,39475,2223],{"class":1210},[55,39477,2764],{"class":91},[55,39479,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39481,37036],{"class":91},[1003,39483,36975,39485,8483,39487],{"id":39484},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39486,37347],{},[15,39488,39489],{},"map()",[30,39491,39492,39497],{},[33,39493,39494,39496],{},[15,39495,37347],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39498,39499,39501],{},[15,39500,39489],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39503,39504,39505,539],{},"Example of ",[15,39506,37347],{},[46,39508,39510],{"className":48,"code":39509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39511,39512,39536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39513,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39515,3395],{"class":61},[55,39517,66],{"class":65},[55,39519,3400],{"class":91},[55,39521,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39523,2764],{"class":91},[55,39525,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39527,2764],{"class":91},[55,39529,2223],{"class":1210},[55,39531,2764],{"class":91},[55,39533,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39535,3413],{"class":91},[55,39537,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39539,106],{"class":105},[55,39541,109],{"class":91},[55,39543,7877],{"class":1265},[55,39545,109],{"class":91},[55,39547,37373],{"class":105},[55,39549,109],{"class":91},[55,39551,37431],{"class":1838},[55,39553,37435],{"class":37434},[55,39555,539],{"class":91},[55,39557,3659],{"class":95},[55,39559,4034],{"class":65},[55,39561,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39563,2764],{"class":91},[55,39565,4045],{"class":95},[55,39567,2685],{"class":91},[20,39569,357],{},[46,39571,39573],{"className":48,"code":39572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39574,39575],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39576,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39578,3680],{"class":91},[55,39580,1835],{"class":1210},[55,39582,2764],{"class":91},[55,39584,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39586,3413],{"class":91},[20,39588,39504,39589,539],{},[15,39590,39489],{},[46,39592,39594],{"className":48,"code":39593,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39595,39596,39620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39597,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39599,3395],{"class":61},[55,39601,66],{"class":65},[55,39603,3400],{"class":91},[55,39605,2761],{"class":1210},[55,39607,2764],{"class":91},[55,39609,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39611,2764],{"class":91},[55,39613,2223],{"class":1210},[55,39615,2764],{"class":91},[55,39617,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39619,3413],{"class":91},[55,39621,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39646,39648,39650,39652],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39623,106],{"class":105},[55,39625,109],{"class":91},[55,39627,7877],{"class":1265},[55,39629,109],{"class":91},[55,39631,39632],{"class":105},"map",[55,39634,109],{"class":91},[55,39636,37431],{"class":1838},[55,39638,37435],{"class":37434},[55,39640,539],{"class":91},[55,39642,3659],{"class":95},[55,39644,39645],{"class":65},"*",[55,39647,2767],{"class":1210},[55,39649,2764],{"class":91},[55,39651,4045],{"class":95},[55,39653,2685],{"class":91},[20,39655,357],{},[46,39657,39659],{"className":48,"code":39658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39660,39661],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39662,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39664,3680],{"class":91},[55,39666,1829],{"class":1210},[55,39668,2764],{"class":91},[55,39670,2229],{"class":1210},[55,39672,2764],{"class":91},[55,39674,37415],{"class":1210},[55,39676,2764],{"class":91},[55,39678,6146],{"class":1210},[55,39680,3413],{"class":91},[20,39682,39683,39684,92],{},"For the related function, see ",[166,39685,1686,39687,1689],{"href":39686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39688,39489],{},[131,39690,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,39692,1581,39694,39696],{"id":39693},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39695,37347],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39698,39699,39700,39702],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39701,24555],{}," if needed.",[1003,39704,39706,39707,39709],{"id":39705},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39708,37347],{}," need to return?",[20,39711,37654,39712,39714,39715,39717],{},[15,39713,3380],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39716,3452],{}," to remove it.",[1003,39719,1613,39721,39723],{"id":39720},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39722,37347],{}," without lambda?",[20,39725,39726],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1003,39728,1603,39730,39733],{"id":39729},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39731,39732],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39735,39736,39737,39739,39740,16850,39742,92],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39738,1894],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39741,3556],{},[15,39743,3452],{},[1003,39745,21198,39747,39749],{"id":39746},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39748,37347],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39751,39752,39753,39755],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39754,5743],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39757,39758],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39760,39761,39767,39773],{},[33,39762,39763,39764,39766],{},"use ",[15,39765,37347],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39768,39769,39770,39772],{},"use a ",[15,39771,5743],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39774,39775],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39777,39778,39779,92],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[166,39780,4916],{"href":39781},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[131,39783,1643],{"id":1642},[30,39785,39786,39791,39795,39800,39806],{},[33,39787,39788],{},[166,39789,39790],{"href":38226},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39792,39793],{},[166,39794,5004],{"href":39781},[33,39796,39797],{},[166,39798,39799],{"href":38955},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39801,39802],{},[166,39803,1686,39804,1689],{"href":39686},[15,39805,39489],{},[33,39807,39808],{},[166,39809,4999],{"href":5371},[1696,39811,39812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":39814},[39815,39816,39818,39822,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39843,39855],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":37481,"depth":80,"text":39817},"What filter() does",{"id":37615,"depth":80,"text":37616,"children":39819},[39820,39821],{"id":37632,"depth":102,"text":37632},{"id":3498,"depth":102,"text":3498},{"id":37791,"depth":80,"text":37792,"children":39823},[39824],{"id":37962,"depth":102,"text":37963},{"id":38075,"depth":80,"text":39826},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38230,"depth":80,"text":39828},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38392,"depth":80,"text":39830},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38572,"depth":80,"text":39832},"When to use filter()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":39834},[39835,39837,39839,39840,39841],{"id":38965,"depth":102,"text":39836},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39098,"depth":102,"text":39838},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39223,"depth":102,"text":39224},{"id":39408,"depth":102,"text":39409},{"id":39484,"depth":102,"text":39842},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":39844},[39845,39847,39849,39851,39853],{"id":39693,"depth":102,"text":39846},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39705,"depth":102,"text":39848},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39720,"depth":102,"text":39850},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39729,"depth":102,"text":39852},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39746,"depth":102,"text":39854},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37339,"description":39856},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39863,"title":39864,"body":39865,"description":42017,"extension":1733,"meta":42018,"navigation":248,"path":42019,"seo":42020,"stem":42021,"__hash__":42022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39866,"toc":41971},[39867,39870,39875,39881,39883,39935,39937,39956,39961,39965,39970,39973,39988,39991,40013,40015,40064,40066,40090,40092,40094,40109,40114,40122,40137,40139,40148,40151,40186,40190,40195,40199,40206,40241,40243,40259,40263,40266,40307,40309,40323,40327,40330,40354,40356,40365,40369,40372,40405,40407,40420,40424,40430,40449,40451,40459,40463,40468,40472,40478,40501,40503,40532,40535,40554,40558,40561,40588,40590,40624,40628,40631,40655,40659,40670,40672,40677,40683,40685,40769,40771,40813,40816,40820,40827,40836,40892,40899,40908,40913,40917,40988,40990,40999,41003,41006,41050,41052,41061,41065,41071,41121,41125,41130,41134,41158,41160,41169,41173,41197,41199,41210,41214,41238,41240,41249,41252,41269,41275,41279,41285,41288,41293,41296,41317,41319,41351,41354,41359,41361,41372,41374,41418,41422,41428,41480,41482,41491,41495,41498,41591,41594,41618,41622,41625,41717,41722,41726,41733,41738,41762,41764,41773,41778,41801,41803,41811,41818,41841,41849,41851,41864,41874,41876,41880,41887,41891,41900,41904,41911,41915,41919,41923,41936,41938,41968],[10,39868,39864],{"id":39869},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39871,8902,39872,39874],{},[15,39873,2657],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39876,39877,39878,39880],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39879,2657],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[131,39882,1775],{"id":1774},[46,39884,39886],{"className":48,"code":39885,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39887,39888,39902,39921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39889,39890,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39891,106],{"class":105},[55,39893,109],{"class":91},[55,39895,1966],{"class":1265},[55,39897,109],{"class":91},[55,39899,1911],{"class":1210},[55,39901,1273],{"class":91},[55,39903,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39917,39919],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39905,106],{"class":105},[55,39907,109],{"class":91},[55,39909,1966],{"class":1265},[55,39911,109],{"class":91},[55,39913,228],{"class":69},[55,39915,39916],{"class":73},"3.14",[55,39918,228],{"class":69},[55,39920,1273],{"class":91},[55,39922,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,39924,106],{"class":105},[55,39926,109],{"class":91},[55,39928,1966],{"class":1265},[55,39930,109],{"class":91},[55,39932,3380],{"class":3631},[55,39934,1273],{"class":91},[20,39936,357],{},[46,39938,39940],{"className":48,"code":39939,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39941,39942,39946,39951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39943,39944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39945,2252],{"class":1210},[55,39947,39948],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,39949,39950],{"class":1210},"3.14\n",[55,39952,39953],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,39954,39955],{"class":1210},"1.0\n",[20,39957,1866,39958,39960],{},[15,39959,2657],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[131,39962,39964],{"id":39963},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39966,39967,39969],{},[15,39968,2657],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39971,39972],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,39974,39975,39979,39983],{},[33,39976,39977],{},[15,39978,2264],{},[33,39980,39981],{},[15,39982,39916],{},[33,39984,39985],{},[15,39986,39987],{},"0.5",[20,39989,39990],{},"A few key points:",[30,39992,39993,40000,40003,40006],{},[33,39994,39995,39997,39998],{},[15,39996,2657],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39999,1966],{},[33,40001,40002],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,40004,40005],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,40007,40008,40009],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[166,40010,40011],{"href":533},[15,40012,537],{},[20,40014,214],{},[46,40016,40018],{"className":48,"code":40017,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40019,40020,40040,40050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40021,40022,40024,40026,40029,40031,40033,40036,40038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40023,1205],{"class":61},[55,40025,66],{"class":65},[55,40027,40028],{"class":1265}," float",[55,40030,109],{"class":91},[55,40032,228],{"class":69},[55,40034,40035],{"class":73},"2.75",[55,40037,228],{"class":69},[55,40039,342],{"class":91},[55,40041,40042,40044,40046,40048],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40043,106],{"class":105},[55,40045,109],{"class":91},[55,40047,1220],{"class":95},[55,40049,342],{"class":91},[55,40051,40052,40054,40056,40058,40060,40062],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,40053,106],{"class":105},[55,40055,109],{"class":91},[55,40057,1266],{"class":1265},[55,40059,109],{"class":91},[55,40061,1220],{"class":95},[55,40063,1273],{"class":91},[20,40065,357],{},[46,40067,40069],{"className":48,"code":40068,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40070,40071,40076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40072,40073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40074,40075],{"class":1210},"2.75\n",[55,40077,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086,40088],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40079,3066],{"class":65},[55,40081,3069],{"class":1838},[55,40083,3072],{"class":69},[55,40085,1966],{"class":73},[55,40087,3077],{"class":69},[55,40089,3080],{"class":65},[131,40091,178],{"id":177},[20,40093,7003],{},[46,40095,40097],{"className":48,"code":40096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"float(value)\n",[15,40098,40099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40100,40101,40103,40105,40107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40102,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40104,109],{"class":91},[55,40106,2245],{"class":95},[55,40108,342],{"class":91},[20,40110,40111,40112,92],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40113,2657],{},[20,40115,40116,40117,40119,40120,539],{},"If you call ",[15,40118,2657],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40121,3546],{},[46,40123,40125],{"className":48,"code":40124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float())\n",[15,40126,40127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40128,40129,40131,40133,40135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40130,106],{"class":105},[55,40132,109],{"class":91},[55,40134,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40136,1087],{"class":91},[20,40138,357],{},[46,40140,40142],{"className":48,"code":40141,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0.0\n",[15,40143,40144],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40145,40146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40147,40141],{"class":1210},[20,40149,40150],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[46,40152,40154],{"className":48,"code":40153,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40155,40156,40176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40157,40158,40161,40163,40165,40167,40169,40172,40174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40159,40160],{"class":61},"price ",[55,40162,66],{"class":65},[55,40164,40028],{"class":1265},[55,40166,109],{"class":91},[55,40168,228],{"class":69},[55,40170,40171],{"class":73},"19.99",[55,40173,228],{"class":69},[55,40175,342],{"class":91},[55,40177,40178,40180,40182,40184],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40179,106],{"class":105},[55,40181,109],{"class":91},[55,40183,24924],{"class":95},[55,40185,342],{"class":91},[131,40187,40189],{"id":40188},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40191,40192,40194],{},[15,40193,2657],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1003,40196,40198],{"id":40197},"integers","Integers",[20,40200,40201,40202,40205],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40203,40204],{},".0"," added:",[46,40207,40209],{"className":48,"code":40208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40210,40211,40225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40212,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40214,106],{"class":105},[55,40216,109],{"class":91},[55,40218,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40220,109],{"class":91},[55,40222,1911],{"class":1210},[55,40224,1273],{"class":91},[55,40226,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40237,40239],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40228,106],{"class":105},[55,40230,109],{"class":91},[55,40232,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40234,109],{"class":91},[55,40236,1794],{"class":65},[55,40238,1829],{"class":1210},[55,40240,1273],{"class":91},[20,40242,357],{},[46,40244,40246],{"className":48,"code":40245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40247,40248,40252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40249,40250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40251,2252],{"class":1210},[55,40253,40254,40256],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40255,1794],{"class":65},[55,40257,40258],{"class":1210},"2.0\n",[1003,40260,40262],{"id":40261},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40264,40265],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[46,40267,40269],{"className":48,"code":40268,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40270,40271,40289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40272,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40274,106],{"class":105},[55,40276,109],{"class":91},[55,40278,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40280,109],{"class":91},[55,40282,228],{"class":69},[55,40284,39916],{"class":73},[55,40286,228],{"class":69},[55,40288,1273],{"class":91},[55,40290,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301,40303,40305],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40292,106],{"class":105},[55,40294,109],{"class":91},[55,40296,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40298,109],{"class":91},[55,40300,228],{"class":69},[55,40302,2101],{"class":73},[55,40304,228],{"class":69},[55,40306,1273],{"class":91},[20,40308,357],{},[46,40310,40312],{"className":48,"code":40311,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40313,40314,40318],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40315,40316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40317,39950],{"class":1210},[55,40319,40320],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40321,40322],{"class":1210},"10.0\n",[1003,40324,40326],{"id":40325},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40328,40329],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[46,40331,40333],{"className":48,"code":40332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40334,40335],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40336,40337,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347,40350,40352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40338,106],{"class":105},[55,40340,109],{"class":91},[55,40342,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40344,109],{"class":91},[55,40346,228],{"class":69},[55,40348,40349],{"class":73},"  8.5  ",[55,40351,228],{"class":69},[55,40353,1273],{"class":91},[20,40355,357],{},[46,40357,40359],{"className":48,"code":40358,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8.5\n",[15,40360,40361],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40362,40363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40364,40358],{"class":1210},[1003,40366,40368],{"id":40367},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40370,40371],{},"Boolean values also work:",[46,40373,40375],{"className":48,"code":40374,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40376,40377,40391],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40378,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40380,106],{"class":105},[55,40382,109],{"class":91},[55,40384,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40386,109],{"class":91},[55,40388,3380],{"class":3631},[55,40390,1273],{"class":91},[55,40392,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40394,106],{"class":105},[55,40396,109],{"class":91},[55,40398,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40400,109],{"class":91},[55,40402,3452],{"class":3631},[55,40404,1273],{"class":91},[20,40406,357],{},[46,40408,40410],{"className":48,"code":40409,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40411,40412,40416],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40413,40414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40415,39955],{"class":1210},[55,40417,40418],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40419,40141],{"class":1210},[1003,40421,40423],{"id":40422},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40425,40426,40427,40429],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40428,2657],{}," returns a float version of it:",[46,40431,40433],{"className":48,"code":40432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40434,40435],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40436,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445,40447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40438,106],{"class":105},[55,40440,109],{"class":91},[55,40442,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40444,109],{"class":91},[55,40446,2133],{"class":1210},[55,40448,1273],{"class":91},[20,40450,357],{},[46,40452,40453],{"className":48,"code":2157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,40454,40455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40456,40457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40458,2157],{"class":1210},[131,40460,40462],{"id":40461},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40464,40465,40466,92],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40467,2657],{},[1003,40469,40471],{"id":40470},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40473,40474,40475,539],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40476,40477],{},"ValueError",[46,40479,40481],{"className":48,"code":40480,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40482,40483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40484,40485,40487,40489,40491,40493,40495,40497,40499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40486,106],{"class":105},[55,40488,109],{"class":91},[55,40490,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40492,109],{"class":91},[55,40494,228],{"class":69},[55,40496,3624],{"class":73},[55,40498,228],{"class":69},[55,40500,1273],{"class":91},[20,40502,29452],{},[46,40504,40506],{"className":48,"code":40505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40507,40508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40509,40510,40512,40514,40517,40519,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40511,40477],{"class":1265},[55,40513,539],{"class":91},[55,40515,40516],{"class":61}," could ",[55,40518,902],{"class":65},[55,40520,40521],{"class":61}," convert string to ",[55,40523,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40525,539],{"class":91},[55,40527,3072],{"class":69},[55,40529,3624],{"class":73},[55,40531,29471],{"class":69},[20,40533,40534],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[46,40536,40538],{"className":48,"code":40537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40539,40540],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40541,40542,40544,40546,40548,40550,40552],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40543,106],{"class":105},[55,40545,109],{"class":91},[55,40547,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40549,109],{"class":91},[55,40551,6058],{"class":69},[55,40553,1273],{"class":91},[1003,40555,40557],{"id":40556},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40559,40560],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[46,40562,40564],{"className":48,"code":40563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40565,40566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40567,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576,40578,40580,40582,40584,40586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40569,106],{"class":105},[55,40571,109],{"class":91},[55,40573,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40575,2758],{"class":91},[55,40577,2761],{"class":1210},[55,40579,2764],{"class":91},[55,40581,2767],{"class":1210},[55,40583,2764],{"class":91},[55,40585,2223],{"class":1210},[55,40587,2774],{"class":91},[20,40589,29452],{},[46,40591,40593],{"className":48,"code":40592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40594,40595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40596,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605,40608,40611,40614,40616,40618,40620,40622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40598,2780],{"class":1265},[55,40600,539],{"class":91},[55,40602,40028],{"class":1265},[55,40604,498],{"class":91},[55,40606,40607],{"class":61}," argument must be a string ",[55,40609,40610],{"class":65},"or",[55,40612,40613],{"class":61}," a real number",[55,40615,2764],{"class":91},[55,40617,7883],{"class":65},[55,40619,3072],{"class":69},[55,40621,7877],{"class":73},[55,40623,29471],{"class":69},[1003,40625,40627],{"id":40626},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40629,40630],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[46,40632,40634],{"className":48,"code":40633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40635,40636],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40637,40638,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648,40651,40653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40639,106],{"class":105},[55,40641,109],{"class":91},[55,40643,1966],{"class":1265},[55,40645,109],{"class":91},[55,40647,228],{"class":69},[55,40649,40650],{"class":73},"3,14",[55,40652,228],{"class":69},[55,40654,1273],{"class":91},[20,40656,2777,40657,92],{},[15,40658,40477],{},[20,40660,40661,40662,1377,40666,92],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[166,40663,40665],{"href":40664},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[166,40667,40669],{"href":40668},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[131,40671,446],{"id":445},[20,40673,40674,40676],{},[15,40675,2657],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40678,40679,40680,40682],{},"It does ",[123,40681,902],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40684,214],{},[46,40686,40688],{"className":48,"code":40687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40689,40690,40703,40717,40721,40731,40741,40755],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40691,40692,40694,40696,40698,40701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40693,62],{"class":61},[55,40695,66],{"class":65},[55,40697,70],{"class":69},[55,40699,40700],{"class":73},"6.5",[55,40702,77],{"class":69},[55,40704,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713,40715],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40706,1205],{"class":61},[55,40708,66],{"class":65},[55,40710,40028],{"class":1265},[55,40712,109],{"class":91},[55,40714,352],{"class":95},[55,40716,342],{"class":91},[55,40718,40719],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,40720,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,40722,40723,40725,40727,40729],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,40724,106],{"class":105},[55,40726,109],{"class":91},[55,40728,352],{"class":95},[55,40730,342],{"class":91},[55,40732,40733,40735,40737,40739],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,40734,106],{"class":105},[55,40736,109],{"class":91},[55,40738,1220],{"class":95},[55,40740,342],{"class":91},[55,40742,40743,40745,40747,40749,40751,40753],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,40744,106],{"class":105},[55,40746,109],{"class":91},[55,40748,1266],{"class":1265},[55,40750,109],{"class":91},[55,40752,352],{"class":95},[55,40754,1273],{"class":91},[55,40756,40757,40759,40761,40763,40765,40767],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,40758,106],{"class":105},[55,40760,109],{"class":91},[55,40762,1266],{"class":1265},[55,40764,109],{"class":91},[55,40766,1220],{"class":95},[55,40768,1273],{"class":91},[20,40770,357],{},[46,40772,40774],{"className":48,"code":40773,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40775,40776,40781,40785,40799],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40777,40778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40779,40780],{"class":1210},"6.5\n",[55,40782,40783],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40784,40780],{"class":1210},[55,40786,40787,40789,40791,40793,40795,40797],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,40788,3066],{"class":65},[55,40790,3069],{"class":1838},[55,40792,3072],{"class":69},[55,40794,3220],{"class":73},[55,40796,3077],{"class":69},[55,40798,3080],{"class":65},[55,40800,40801,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,40802,3066],{"class":65},[55,40804,3069],{"class":1838},[55,40806,3072],{"class":69},[55,40808,1966],{"class":73},[55,40810,3077],{"class":69},[55,40812,3080],{"class":65},[20,40814,40815],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[131,40817,40819],{"id":40818},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1003,40821,40823,40824,40826],{"id":40822},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40825,537],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40828,1750,40829,40833,40834,92],{},[166,40830,40831,538],{"href":533},[15,40832,537],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40835,2657],{},[46,40837,40839],{"className":48,"code":40838,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40840,40841,40860,40874,40878],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40842,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851,40853,40856,40858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40844,8020],{"class":61},[55,40846,66],{"class":65},[55,40848,553],{"class":105},[55,40850,109],{"class":91},[55,40852,228],{"class":69},[55,40854,40855],{"class":73},"Enter a price: ",[55,40857,228],{"class":69},[55,40859,342],{"class":91},[55,40861,40862,40864,40866,40868,40870,40872],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40863,40160],{"class":61},[55,40865,66],{"class":65},[55,40867,40028],{"class":1265},[55,40869,109],{"class":91},[55,40871,8048],{"class":95},[55,40873,342],{"class":91},[55,40875,40876],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,40877,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,40879,40880,40882,40884,40886,40888,40890],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,40881,106],{"class":105},[55,40883,109],{"class":91},[55,40885,40160],{"class":95},[55,40887,39645],{"class":65},[55,40889,2767],{"class":1210},[55,40891,342],{"class":91},[20,40893,40894,40895,40898],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40896,40897],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[46,40900,40902],{"className":48,"code":40901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"9.0\n",[15,40903,40904],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40905,40906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40907,40901],{"class":1210},[20,40909,40910,40911,92],{},"For more help with this, see ",[166,40912,8760],{"href":8759},[1003,40914,40916],{"id":40915},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[46,40918,40920],{"className":48,"code":40919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40921,40922,40935,40948,40952,40977],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40923,40924,40926,40928,40930,40933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40925,2327],{"class":61},[55,40927,66],{"class":65},[55,40929,70],{"class":69},[55,40931,40932],{"class":73},"2.5",[55,40934,77],{"class":69},[55,40936,40937,40939,40941,40943,40946],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,40938,2355],{"class":61},[55,40940,66],{"class":65},[55,40942,70],{"class":69},[55,40944,40945],{"class":73},"1.5",[55,40947,77],{"class":69},[55,40949,40950],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,40951,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,40953,40954,40957,40959,40961,40963,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,40955,40956],{"class":61},"total ",[55,40958,66],{"class":65},[55,40960,40028],{"class":1265},[55,40962,109],{"class":91},[55,40964,166],{"class":95},[55,40966,115],{"class":91},[55,40968,2226],{"class":65},[55,40970,40028],{"class":1265},[55,40972,109],{"class":91},[55,40974,4543],{"class":95},[55,40976,342],{"class":91},[55,40978,40979,40981,40983,40986],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,40980,106],{"class":105},[55,40982,109],{"class":91},[55,40984,40985],{"class":95},"total",[55,40987,342],{"class":91},[20,40989,357],{},[46,40991,40993],{"className":48,"code":40992,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4.0\n",[15,40994,40995],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40996,40997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40998,40992],{"class":1210},[1003,41000,41002],{"id":41001},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41004,41005],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[46,41007,41009],{"className":48,"code":41008,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41010,41011,41021,41036,41040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41012,41013,41016,41018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41014,41015],{"class":61},"count ",[55,41017,66],{"class":65},[55,41019,41020],{"class":1210}," 7\n",[55,41022,41023,41025,41027,41029,41031,41034],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,41024,83],{"class":61},[55,41026,66],{"class":65},[55,41028,40028],{"class":1265},[55,41030,109],{"class":91},[55,41032,41033],{"class":95},"count",[55,41035,342],{"class":91},[55,41037,41038],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,41039,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,41041,41042,41044,41046,41048],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,41043,106],{"class":105},[55,41045,109],{"class":91},[55,41047,112],{"class":95},[55,41049,342],{"class":91},[20,41051,357],{},[46,41053,41055],{"className":48,"code":41054,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.0\n",[15,41056,41057],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41058,41059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41060,41054],{"class":1210},[1003,41062,41064],{"id":41063},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41066,41067,41068,41070],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41069,2657],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[46,41072,41074],{"className":48,"code":41073,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41075,41076,41090,41106,41110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41077,41078,41081,41083,41085,41088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41079,41080],{"class":61},"temperature_text ",[55,41082,66],{"class":65},[55,41084,70],{"class":69},[55,41086,41087],{"class":73},"21.8",[55,41089,77],{"class":69},[55,41091,41092,41095,41097,41099,41101,41104],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,41093,41094],{"class":61},"temperature ",[55,41096,66],{"class":65},[55,41098,40028],{"class":1265},[55,41100,109],{"class":91},[55,41102,41103],{"class":95},"temperature_text",[55,41105,342],{"class":91},[55,41107,41108],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,41109,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,41111,41112,41114,41116,41119],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,41113,106],{"class":105},[55,41115,109],{"class":91},[55,41117,41118],{"class":95},"temperature",[55,41120,342],{"class":91},[131,41122,41124],{"id":41123},"special-values","Special values",[20,41126,41127,41129],{},[15,41128,2657],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1003,41131,41133],{"id":41132},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[46,41135,41137],{"className":48,"code":41136,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41138,41139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41140,41141,41143,41145,41147,41149,41151,41154,41156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41142,106],{"class":105},[55,41144,109],{"class":91},[55,41146,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41148,109],{"class":91},[55,41150,228],{"class":69},[55,41152,41153],{"class":73},"inf",[55,41155,228],{"class":69},[55,41157,1273],{"class":91},[20,41159,357],{},[46,41161,41163],{"className":48,"code":41162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"inf\n",[15,41164,41165],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41166,41167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41168,41162],{"class":61},[1003,41170,41172],{"id":41171},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[46,41174,41176],{"className":48,"code":41175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41177,41178],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41179,41180,41182,41184,41186,41188,41190,41193,41195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41181,106],{"class":105},[55,41183,109],{"class":91},[55,41185,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41187,109],{"class":91},[55,41189,228],{"class":69},[55,41191,41192],{"class":73},"-inf",[55,41194,228],{"class":69},[55,41196,1273],{"class":91},[20,41198,357],{},[46,41200,41202],{"className":48,"code":41201,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-inf\n",[15,41203,41204],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41205,41206,41208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41207,1794],{"class":65},[55,41209,41162],{"class":61},[1003,41211,41213],{"id":41212},"not-a-number","Not a number",[46,41215,41217],{"className":48,"code":41216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41218,41219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41220,41221,41223,41225,41227,41229,41231,41234,41236],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41222,106],{"class":105},[55,41224,109],{"class":91},[55,41226,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41228,109],{"class":91},[55,41230,228],{"class":69},[55,41232,41233],{"class":73},"nan",[55,41235,228],{"class":69},[55,41237,1273],{"class":91},[20,41239,357],{},[46,41241,41243],{"className":48,"code":41242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nan\n",[15,41244,41245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41246,41247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41248,41242],{"class":61},[20,41250,41251],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41253,41254,41259,41264],{},[33,41255,41256,41258],{},[15,41257,41153],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41260,41261,41263],{},[15,41262,41192],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41265,41266,41268],{},[15,41267,41233],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41270,41271,41272,41274],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41273,2657],{}," accepts them.",[131,41276,41278],{"id":41277},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41280,41281,41282,41284],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41283,2657],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1003,41286,40477],{"id":41287},"valueerror",[20,41289,14969,41290,41292],{},[15,41291,40477],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41294,41295],{},"Common causes:",[30,41297,41298,41304,41307,41310],{},[33,41299,41300,41301],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41302,41303],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41305,41306],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41308,41309],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41311,4486,41312],{},[166,41313,41314,41316],{"href":533},[15,41315,537],{}," returns a string",[20,41318,214],{},[46,41320,41322],{"className":48,"code":41321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41323,41324,41337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41325,41326,41328,41330,41332,41335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41327,2218],{"class":61},[55,41329,66],{"class":65},[55,41331,70],{"class":69},[55,41333,41334],{"class":73},"abc",[55,41336,77],{"class":69},[55,41338,41339,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,41340,106],{"class":105},[55,41342,109],{"class":91},[55,41344,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41346,109],{"class":91},[55,41348,2245],{"class":95},[55,41350,1273],{"class":91},[1003,41352,2780],{"id":41353},"typeerror",[20,41355,14969,41356,41358],{},[15,41357,2780],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41360,41295],{},[30,41362,41363,41366,41369],{},[33,41364,41365],{},"Passing a list",[33,41367,41368],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41370,41371],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41373,214],{},[46,41375,41377],{"className":48,"code":41376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41378,41379,41404],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41380,41381,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391,41393,41395,41397,41400,41402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41382,2218],{"class":61},[55,41384,66],{"class":65},[55,41386,10272],{"class":91},[55,41388,228],{"class":69},[55,41390,24924],{"class":73},[55,41392,228],{"class":69},[55,41394,539],{"class":91},[55,41396,70],{"class":69},[55,41398,41399],{"class":73},"9.99",[55,41401,228],{"class":69},[55,41403,9089],{"class":91},[55,41405,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41416],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,41407,106],{"class":105},[55,41409,109],{"class":91},[55,41411,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41413,109],{"class":91},[55,41415,2245],{"class":95},[55,41417,1273],{"class":91},[1003,41419,41421],{"id":41420},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41423,41424,41425,41427],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41426,821],{}," can help:",[46,41429,41431],{"className":48,"code":41430,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41432,41433,41446,41461,41465],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41434,41435,41437,41439,41441,41444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41436,2218],{"class":61},[55,41438,66],{"class":65},[55,41440,70],{"class":69},[55,41442,41443],{"class":73},"  7.25  ",[55,41445,77],{"class":69},[55,41447,41448,41451,41453,41455,41457,41459],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,41449,41450],{"class":61},"clean_value ",[55,41452,66],{"class":65},[55,41454,8215],{"class":61},[55,41456,92],{"class":91},[55,41458,854],{"class":95},[55,41460,99],{"class":91},[55,41462,41463],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,41464,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,41466,41467,41469,41471,41473,41475,41478],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,41468,106],{"class":105},[55,41470,109],{"class":91},[55,41472,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41474,109],{"class":91},[55,41476,41477],{"class":95},"clean_value",[55,41479,1273],{"class":91},[20,41481,357],{},[46,41483,41485],{"className":48,"code":41484,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.25\n",[15,41486,41487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41488,41489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41490,41484],{"class":1210},[1003,41492,41494],{"id":41493},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41496,41497],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[46,41499,41501],{"className":48,"code":41500,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41502,41503,41516,41520,41530,41544,41559,41563,41577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41504,41505,41507,41509,41511,41514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41506,2218],{"class":61},[55,41508,66],{"class":65},[55,41510,70],{"class":69},[55,41512,41513],{"class":73}," 3.5 ",[55,41515,77],{"class":69},[55,41517,41518],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,41519,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,41521,41522,41524,41526,41528],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,41523,106],{"class":105},[55,41525,109],{"class":91},[55,41527,2245],{"class":95},[55,41529,342],{"class":91},[55,41531,41532,41534,41536,41538,41540,41542],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,41533,106],{"class":105},[55,41535,109],{"class":91},[55,41537,1266],{"class":1265},[55,41539,109],{"class":91},[55,41541,2245],{"class":95},[55,41543,1273],{"class":91},[55,41545,41546,41548,41550,41553,41555,41557],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,41547,106],{"class":105},[55,41549,109],{"class":91},[55,41551,41552],{"class":105},"repr",[55,41554,109],{"class":91},[55,41556,2245],{"class":95},[55,41558,1273],{"class":91},[55,41560,41561],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,41562,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,41564,41565,41567,41569,41571,41573,41575],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,41566,41450],{"class":61},[55,41568,66],{"class":65},[55,41570,8215],{"class":61},[55,41572,92],{"class":91},[55,41574,854],{"class":95},[55,41576,99],{"class":91},[55,41578,41579,41581,41583,41585,41587,41589],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,41580,106],{"class":105},[55,41582,109],{"class":91},[55,41584,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41586,109],{"class":91},[55,41588,41477],{"class":95},[55,41590,1273],{"class":91},[20,41592,41593],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41595,41596,41602,41607,41613],{},[33,41597,41598,41601],{},[15,41599,41600],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41603,41604,21145],{},[15,41605,41606],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41608,41609,41612],{},[15,41610,41611],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41614,41615,41617],{},[15,41616,821],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1003,41619,41621],{"id":41620},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41623,41624],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[46,41626,41628],{"className":48,"code":41627,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41629,41630,41649,41653,41659,41674,41693,41702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41631,41632,41634,41636,41638,41640,41642,41645,41647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41633,2218],{"class":61},[55,41635,66],{"class":65},[55,41637,553],{"class":105},[55,41639,109],{"class":91},[55,41641,228],{"class":69},[55,41643,41644],{"class":73},"Enter a number: ",[55,41646,228],{"class":69},[55,41648,342],{"class":91},[55,41650,41651],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,41652,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,41654,41655,41657],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,41656,29575],{"class":487},[55,41658,511],{"class":91},[55,41660,41661,41664,41666,41668,41670,41672],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,41662,41663],{"class":61},"    number ",[55,41665,66],{"class":65},[55,41667,40028],{"class":1265},[55,41669,109],{"class":91},[55,41671,2245],{"class":95},[55,41673,342],{"class":91},[55,41675,41676,41678,41680,41682,41685,41687,41689,41691],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,41677,516],{"class":105},[55,41679,109],{"class":91},[55,41681,228],{"class":69},[55,41683,41684],{"class":73},"Converted:",[55,41686,228],{"class":69},[55,41688,2764],{"class":91},[55,41690,1971],{"class":95},[55,41692,342],{"class":91},[55,41694,41695,41697,41700],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,41696,29606],{"class":487},[55,41698,41699],{"class":1265}," ValueError",[55,41701,511],{"class":91},[55,41703,41704,41706,41708,41710,41713,41715],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,41705,516],{"class":105},[55,41707,109],{"class":91},[55,41709,228],{"class":69},[55,41711,41712],{"class":73},"That is not a valid number.",[55,41714,228],{"class":69},[55,41716,342],{"class":91},[20,41718,41719,41720,92],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[166,41721,40669],{"href":40668},[131,41723,41725],{"id":41724},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41727,10371,41728,1377,41730,41732],{},[15,41729,2657],{},[15,41731,2650],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41734,41735,41737],{},[15,41736,2657],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[46,41739,41741],{"className":48,"code":41740,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41742,41743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41744,41745,41747,41749,41751,41753,41755,41758,41760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41746,106],{"class":105},[55,41748,109],{"class":91},[55,41750,1966],{"class":1265},[55,41752,109],{"class":91},[55,41754,228],{"class":69},[55,41756,41757],{"class":73},"3.9",[55,41759,228],{"class":69},[55,41761,1273],{"class":91},[20,41763,357],{},[46,41765,41767],{"className":48,"code":41766,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.9\n",[15,41768,41769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41770,41771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41772,41766],{"class":1210},[20,41774,41775,41777],{},[15,41776,2650],{}," creates whole numbers:",[46,41779,41781],{"className":48,"code":41780,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41782,41783],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41784,41785,41787,41789,41791,41793,41795,41797,41799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41786,106],{"class":105},[55,41788,109],{"class":91},[55,41790,1962],{"class":1265},[55,41792,109],{"class":91},[55,41794,228],{"class":69},[55,41796,2101],{"class":73},[55,41798,228],{"class":69},[55,41800,1273],{"class":91},[20,41802,357],{},[46,41804,41805],{"className":48,"code":2147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,41806,41807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41808,41809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41810,2147],{"class":1210},[20,41812,41813,41814,41817],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41815,41816],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[46,41819,41821],{"className":48,"code":41820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41822,41823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41824,41825,41827,41829,41831,41833,41835,41837,41839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41826,106],{"class":105},[55,41828,109],{"class":91},[55,41830,1962],{"class":1265},[55,41832,109],{"class":91},[55,41834,228],{"class":69},[55,41836,41757],{"class":73},[55,41838,228],{"class":69},[55,41840,1273],{"class":91},[20,41842,2777,41843,8384,41845,41848],{},[15,41844,40477],{},[15,41846,41847],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41850,10494],{},[30,41852,41853,41859],{},[33,41854,41855,41858],{},[15,41856,41857],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,41860,41861,41863],{},[15,41862,41816],{}," fails",[20,41865,41866,41867,41870,41871,41873],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[166,41868,41869],{"href":2647},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[166,41872,2191],{"href":2190}," helpful.",[131,41875,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,41877,41879],{"id":41878},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41881,41882,41883,2651,41885,92],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41884,2264],{},[15,41886,39916],{},[1003,41888,41890],{"id":41889},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41892,41893,41894,2651,41897,92],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41895,41896],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41898,41899],{},"\"10\"",[1003,41901,41903],{"id":41902},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41905,1373,41906,41908,41909,92],{},[15,41907,41303],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41910,40477],{},[1003,41912,41914],{"id":41913},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41916,4931,41917,92],{},[15,41918,3546],{},[1003,41920,41922],{"id":41921},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41924,41925,41926,41928,41929,1377,41932,41928,41934,92],{},"Yes. ",[15,41927,3380],{}," becomes ",[15,41930,41931],{},"1.0",[15,41933,3452],{},[15,41935,3546],{},[131,41937,1643],{"id":1642},[30,41939,41940,41944,41950,41955,41959,41963],{},[33,41941,41942],{},[166,41943,41869],{"href":2647},[33,41945,41946],{},[166,41947,41949],{"href":41948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,41951,41952],{},[166,41953,41954],{"href":40664},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,41956,41957],{},[166,41958,8837],{"href":8759},[33,41960,41961],{},[166,41962,40669],{"href":40668},[33,41964,41965],{},[166,41966,41967],{"href":533},"Python input() Function Explained",[1696,41969,41970],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":41972},[41973,41974,41975,41976,41983,41988,41989,41996,42001,42008,42009,42016],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":39963,"depth":80,"text":39964},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":40188,"depth":80,"text":40189,"children":41977},[41978,41979,41980,41981,41982],{"id":40197,"depth":102,"text":40198},{"id":40261,"depth":102,"text":40262},{"id":40325,"depth":102,"text":40326},{"id":40367,"depth":102,"text":40368},{"id":40422,"depth":102,"text":40423},{"id":40461,"depth":80,"text":40462,"children":41984},[41985,41986,41987],{"id":40470,"depth":102,"text":40471},{"id":40556,"depth":102,"text":40557},{"id":40626,"depth":102,"text":40627},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":40818,"depth":80,"text":40819,"children":41990},[41991,41993,41994,41995],{"id":40822,"depth":102,"text":41992},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40915,"depth":102,"text":40916},{"id":41001,"depth":102,"text":41002},{"id":41063,"depth":102,"text":41064},{"id":41123,"depth":80,"text":41124,"children":41997},[41998,41999,42000],{"id":41132,"depth":102,"text":41133},{"id":41171,"depth":102,"text":41172},{"id":41212,"depth":102,"text":41213},{"id":41277,"depth":80,"text":41278,"children":42002},[42003,42004,42005,42006,42007],{"id":41287,"depth":102,"text":40477},{"id":41353,"depth":102,"text":2780},{"id":41420,"depth":102,"text":41421},{"id":41493,"depth":102,"text":41494},{"id":41620,"depth":102,"text":41621},{"id":41724,"depth":80,"text":41725},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":42010},[42011,42012,42013,42014,42015],{"id":41878,"depth":102,"text":41879},{"id":41889,"depth":102,"text":41890},{"id":41902,"depth":102,"text":41903},{"id":41913,"depth":102,"text":41914},{"id":41921,"depth":102,"text":41922},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39864,"description":42017},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42024,"title":42025,"body":42026,"description":43246,"extension":1733,"meta":43247,"navigation":248,"path":34794,"seo":43248,"stem":43249,"__hash__":43250},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42027,"toc":43212},[42028,42031,42036,42039,42041,42080,42094,42098,42103,42106,42123,42126,42136,42151,42154,42156,42159,42175,42178,42181,42201,42205,42216,42219,42223,42227,42241,42276,42280,42291,42326,42329,42331,42339,42372,42388,42390,42400,42421,42432,42434,42439,42442,42456,42458,42477,42480,42493,42496,42500,42504,42518,42521,42539,42542,42557,42561,42566,42580,42586,42588,42644,42646,42679,42682,42698,42702,42709,42713,42718,42721,42732,42736,42741,42756,42765,42770,42789,42792,42804,42806,42811,42821,42824,42853,42858,42867,42871,42876,42879,42883,42888,42890,42920,42923,42930,42935,42940,42944,42947,42955,42958,43036,43039,43061,43063,43067,43070,43074,43080,43143,43147,43155,43159,43162,43164,43189,43209],[10,42029,42025],{"id":42030},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42032,3358,42033,42035],{},[15,42034,34797],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42037,42038],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[131,42040,1775],{"id":1774},[46,42042,42044],{"className":48,"code":42043,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42045,42046,42056,42066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42047,42048,42050,42052,42054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42049,31925],{"class":105},[55,42051,109],{"class":91},[55,42053,10942],{"class":105},[55,42055,342],{"class":91},[55,42057,42058,42060,42062,42064],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42059,31925],{"class":105},[55,42061,109],{"class":91},[55,42063,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42065,342],{"class":91},[55,42067,42068,42070,42072,42074,42076,42078],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,42069,31925],{"class":105},[55,42071,109],{"class":91},[55,42073,3077],{"class":69},[55,42075,34430],{"class":73},[55,42077,3077],{"class":69},[55,42079,342],{"class":91},[20,42081,1866,42082,42084,42085,2651,42087,42089,42090,42093],{},[15,42083,34797],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42086,10942],{},[15,42088,3220],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42091,42092],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[131,42095,42097],{"id":42096},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42099,42100,42102],{},[15,42101,34797],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42104,42105],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,42107,42108,42111,42114,42117,42120],{},[33,42109,42110],{},"Functions",[33,42112,42113],{},"Classes",[33,42115,42116],{},"Methods",[33,42118,42119],{},"Modules",[33,42121,42122],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42124,42125],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42127,42128,42129,42135],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[166,42130,42132],{"href":42131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42133,42134],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[46,42137,42139],{"className":48,"code":42138,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\n",[15,42140,42141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42142,42143,42145,42147,42149],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42144,31925],{"class":105},[55,42146,109],{"class":91},[55,42148,10942],{"class":105},[55,42150,342],{"class":91},[20,42152,42153],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[131,42155,178],{"id":177},[20,42157,42158],{},"The main form is:",[46,42160,42162],{"className":48,"code":42161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(object)\n",[15,42163,42164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42165,42166,42168,42170,42173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42167,31925],{"class":105},[55,42169,109],{"class":91},[55,42171,42172],{"class":1265},"object",[55,42174,342],{"class":91},[20,42176,42177],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42179,42180],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42182,42183,42187,42192,42196],{},[33,42184,42185],{},[15,42186,10942],{},[33,42188,42189],{},[15,42190,42191],{},"list.append",[33,42193,42194],{},[15,42195,3220],{},[33,42197,42198],{},[15,42199,42200],{},"open",[20,42202,6961,42203,6964],{},[15,42204,34797],{},[46,42206,42208],{"className":48,"code":42207,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help()\n",[15,42209,42210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42211,42212,42214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42213,31925],{"class":105},[55,42215,99],{"class":91},[20,42217,42218],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[131,42220,42222],{"id":42221},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1003,42224,42226],{"id":42225},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42228,42229,42230,1963,42232,1963,42234,16850,42237,92],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42231,10942],{},[15,42233,106],{},[15,42235,42236],{},"input",[166,42238,42239],{"href":2070},[15,42240,2073],{},[46,42242,42244],{"className":48,"code":42243,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42245,42246,42256,42266],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42247,42248,42250,42252,42254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42249,31925],{"class":105},[55,42251,109],{"class":91},[55,42253,106],{"class":105},[55,42255,342],{"class":91},[55,42257,42258,42260,42262,42264],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42259,31925],{"class":105},[55,42261,109],{"class":91},[55,42263,42236],{"class":105},[55,42265,342],{"class":91},[55,42267,42268,42270,42272,42274],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,42269,31925],{"class":105},[55,42271,109],{"class":91},[55,42273,1266],{"class":1265},[55,42275,342],{"class":91},[1003,42277,42279],{"id":42278},"data-types","Data types",[20,42281,42282,42283,1963,42285,1963,42287,16850,42289,92],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42284,3220],{},[15,42286,7877],{},[15,42288,8600],{},[15,42290,6073],{},[46,42292,42294],{"className":48,"code":42293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42295,42296,42306,42316],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42297,42298,42300,42302,42304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42299,31925],{"class":105},[55,42301,109],{"class":91},[55,42303,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42305,342],{"class":91},[55,42307,42308,42310,42312,42314],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42309,31925],{"class":105},[55,42311,109],{"class":91},[55,42313,7877],{"class":1265},[55,42315,342],{"class":91},[55,42317,42318,42320,42322,42324],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,42319,31925],{"class":105},[55,42321,109],{"class":91},[55,42323,8600],{"class":1265},[55,42325,342],{"class":91},[20,42327,42328],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1003,42330,42116],{"id":34277},[20,42332,42333,42334,1377,42337,92],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42335,42336],{},"str.split",[15,42338,42191],{},[46,42340,42342],{"className":48,"code":42341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42343,42344,42358],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42345,42346,42348,42350,42352,42354,42356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42347,31925],{"class":105},[55,42349,109],{"class":91},[55,42351,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42353,92],{"class":91},[55,42355,34241],{"class":1047},[55,42357,342],{"class":91},[55,42359,42360,42362,42364,42366,42368,42370],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42361,31925],{"class":105},[55,42363,109],{"class":91},[55,42365,7877],{"class":1265},[55,42367,92],{"class":91},[55,42369,13332],{"class":1047},[55,42371,342],{"class":91},[20,42373,42374,42375,8483,42377,28086,42382,42384,42385,42387],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42376,34797],{},[166,42378,42380],{"href":42379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42381,34084],{},[15,42383,34084],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42386,34797],{}," explains one of them.",[1003,42389,42119],{"id":34430},[20,42391,42392,42393,1963,42395,16850,42397,92],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42394,18194],{},[15,42396,34960],{},[15,42398,42399],{},"os",[46,42401,42403],{"className":48,"code":42402,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42404,42405,42411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42406,42407,42409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42408,34861],{"class":487},[55,42410,34864],{"class":61},[55,42412,42413,42415,42417,42419],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42414,31925],{"class":105},[55,42416,109],{"class":91},[55,42418,18194],{"class":95},[55,42420,342],{"class":91},[20,42422,42423,42424,42428,42429,92],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[166,42425,42427],{"href":42426},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[166,42430,34927],{"href":42431},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[131,42433,34688],{"id":34687},[20,42435,42436,42438],{},[15,42437,34797],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42440,42441],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42443,42444,42447,42450,42453],{},[33,42445,42446],{},"The function signature",[33,42448,42449],{},"The short description",[33,42451,42452],{},"Parameter names",[33,42454,42455],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42457,5256],{},[46,42459,42461],{"className":48,"code":42460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42462,42463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42464,42465,42467,42469,42471,42473,42475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42466,31925],{"class":105},[55,42468,109],{"class":91},[55,42470,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42472,92],{"class":91},[55,42474,34241],{"class":1047},[55,42476,342],{"class":91},[20,42478,42479],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42481,42482,42485,42488,42490],{},[33,42483,42484],{},"What object this is",[33,42486,42487],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42489,21747],{},[33,42491,42492],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42494,42495],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[131,42497,42499],{"id":42498},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42501,42502,29645],{},[15,42503,34797],{},[30,42505,42506,42509,42512,42515],{},[33,42507,42508],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42510,42511],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42513,42514],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42516,42517],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42519,42520],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[46,42522,42523],{"className":48,"code":42460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,42524,42525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42526,42527,42529,42531,42533,42535,42537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42528,31925],{"class":105},[55,42530,109],{"class":91},[55,42532,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42534,92],{"class":91},[55,42536,34241],{"class":1047},[55,42538,342],{"class":91},[20,42540,42541],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[46,42543,42545],{"className":48,"code":42544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(open)\n",[15,42546,42547],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42548,42549,42551,42553,42555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42550,31925],{"class":105},[55,42552,109],{"class":91},[55,42554,42200],{"class":105},[55,42556,342],{"class":91},[131,42558,42560],{"id":42559},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42562,42563,42565],{},[15,42564,34797],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42567,42568,42571,42574,42577],{},[33,42569,42570],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42572,42573],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42575,42576],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42578,42579],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42581,42582,42583,42585],{},"So, ",[15,42584,34797],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42587,5256],{},[46,42589,42591],{"className":48,"code":42590,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42592,42593,42606,42629,42633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42594,42595,42597,42599,42601,42604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42596,62],{"class":61},[55,42598,66],{"class":65},[55,42600,70],{"class":69},[55,42602,42603],{"class":73},"a,b,c",[55,42605,77],{"class":69},[55,42607,42608,42611,42613,42615,42617,42619,42621,42623,42625,42627],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42609,42610],{"class":61},"parts ",[55,42612,66],{"class":65},[55,42614,88],{"class":61},[55,42616,92],{"class":91},[55,42618,34241],{"class":95},[55,42620,109],{"class":91},[55,42622,228],{"class":69},[55,42624,2764],{"class":73},[55,42626,228],{"class":69},[55,42628,342],{"class":91},[55,42630,42631],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,42632,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,42634,42635,42637,42639,42642],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,42636,106],{"class":105},[55,42638,109],{"class":91},[55,42640,42641],{"class":95},"parts",[55,42643,342],{"class":91},[20,42645,5344],{},[46,42647,42649],{"className":48,"code":42648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42650,42651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42652,42653,42655,42657,42659,42661,42663,42665,42667,42669,42671,42673,42675,42677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42654,3680],{"class":91},[55,42656,3077],{"class":69},[55,42658,166],{"class":73},[55,42660,3077],{"class":69},[55,42662,2764],{"class":91},[55,42664,3072],{"class":69},[55,42666,4543],{"class":73},[55,42668,3077],{"class":69},[55,42670,2764],{"class":91},[55,42672,3072],{"class":69},[55,42674,9520],{"class":73},[55,42676,3077],{"class":69},[55,42678,3413],{"class":91},[20,42680,42681],{},"A good workflow is:",[28485,42683,42684,42689,42692,42695],{},[33,42685,1866,42686,42688],{},[15,42687,34797],{}," to inspect something",[33,42690,42691],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42693,42694],{},"Check the result",[33,42696,42697],{},"Repeat",[131,42699,42701],{"id":42700},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42703,42704,1377,42706,42708],{},[15,42705,34797],{},[15,42707,34084],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1003,42710,42711],{"id":31925},[15,42712,34797],{},[20,42714,1866,42715,42717],{},[15,42716,34797],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42719,42720],{},"It tells you:",[30,42722,42723,42726,42729],{},[33,42724,42725],{},"What something is",[33,42727,42728],{},"How to use it",[33,42730,42731],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1003,42733,42734],{"id":34145},[15,42735,34084],{},[20,42737,1866,42738,42740],{},[15,42739,34084],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[46,42742,42744],{"className":48,"code":42743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dir(str)\n",[15,42745,42746],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42747,42748,42750,42752,42754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42749,34145],{"class":105},[55,42751,109],{"class":91},[55,42753,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42755,342],{"class":91},[20,42757,42758,42759,1963,42761,16850,42763,92],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42760,34241],{},[15,42762,854],{},[15,42764,96],{},[20,42766,42767,42768,539],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42769,34797],{},[46,42771,42773],{"className":48,"code":42772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42774,42775],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42776,42777,42779,42781,42783,42785,42787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42778,31925],{"class":105},[55,42780,109],{"class":91},[55,42782,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42784,92],{"class":91},[55,42786,96],{"class":1047},[55,42788,342],{"class":91},[20,42790,42791],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42793,42794,42799],{},[33,42795,1866,42796,42798],{},[15,42797,34084],{}," to discover options",[33,42800,1866,42801,42803],{},[15,42802,34797],{}," to understand one option",[131,42805,1001],{"id":1000},[20,42807,42808,42809,92],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42810,34797],{},[1003,42812,1185,42814,42817,42818],{"id":42813},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42815,42816],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42819,42820],{},"help(len)",[20,42822,42823],{},"These are not always the same.",[46,42825,42827],{"className":48,"code":42826,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42828,42829,42839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42830,42831,42833,42835,42837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42832,31925],{"class":105},[55,42834,109],{"class":91},[55,42836,10942],{"class":105},[55,42838,342],{"class":91},[55,42840,42841,42843,42845,42847,42849,42851],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42842,31925],{"class":105},[55,42844,109],{"class":91},[55,42846,3077],{"class":69},[55,42848,10942],{"class":73},[55,42850,3077],{"class":69},[55,42852,342],{"class":91},[20,42854,42855,42857],{},[15,42856,42820],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42859,42860,42862,42863,42866],{},[15,42861,42816],{}," treats ",[15,42864,42865],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1003,42868,42870],{"id":42869},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42872,42873,42875],{},[15,42874,34797],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42877,42878],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1003,42880,42882],{"id":42881},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42884,40116,42885,42887],{},[15,42886,34797],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42889,214],{},[46,42891,42893],{"className":48,"code":42892,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42894,42895,42905],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42896,42897,42899,42901,42903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42898,31925],{"class":105},[55,42900,109],{"class":91},[55,42902,10942],{"class":105},[55,42904,342],{"class":91},[55,42906,42907,42909,42911,42913,42916,42918],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42908,106],{"class":105},[55,42910,109],{"class":91},[55,42912,228],{"class":69},[55,42914,42915],{"class":73},"Done",[55,42917,228],{"class":69},[55,42919,342],{"class":91},[20,42921,42922],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1003,42924,36975,42926,8483,42928],{"id":42925},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42927,34797],{},[15,42929,34084],{},[20,42931,42932,42933,92],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42934,34084],{},[20,42936,42937,42938,92],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42939,34797],{},[131,42941,42943],{"id":42942},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42945,42946],{},"Open Python:",[46,42948,42949],{"className":48,"code":35313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,42950,42951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42952,42953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42954,35313],{"class":61},[20,42956,42957],{},"Then test these commands:",[46,42959,42961],{"className":48,"code":42960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42962,42963,42973,42987,43001,43011,43026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42964,42965,42967,42969,42971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42966,31925],{"class":105},[55,42968,109],{"class":91},[55,42970,10942],{"class":105},[55,42972,342],{"class":91},[55,42974,42975,42977,42979,42981,42983,42985],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,42976,31925],{"class":105},[55,42978,109],{"class":91},[55,42980,3220],{"class":1265},[55,42982,92],{"class":91},[55,42984,34241],{"class":1047},[55,42986,342],{"class":91},[55,42988,42989,42991,42993,42995,42997,42999],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,42990,31925],{"class":105},[55,42992,109],{"class":91},[55,42994,7877],{"class":1265},[55,42996,92],{"class":91},[55,42998,13332],{"class":1047},[55,43000,342],{"class":91},[55,43002,43003,43005,43007,43009],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,43004,31925],{"class":105},[55,43006,109],{"class":91},[55,43008,42200],{"class":105},[55,43010,342],{"class":91},[55,43012,43013,43015,43017,43019,43022,43024],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,43014,31925],{"class":105},[55,43016,109],{"class":91},[55,43018,3077],{"class":69},[55,43020,43021],{"class":73},"keywords",[55,43023,3077],{"class":69},[55,43025,342],{"class":91},[55,43027,43028,43030,43032,43034],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,43029,34145],{"class":105},[55,43031,109],{"class":91},[55,43033,3220],{"class":1265},[55,43035,342],{"class":91},[20,43037,43038],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,43040,43041,43044,43047,43050,43053,43056],{},[33,43042,43043],{},"A built-in function",[33,43045,43046],{},"A string method",[33,43048,43049],{},"A list method",[33,43051,43052],{},"A built-in file function",[33,43054,43055],{},"A special help topic",[33,43057,14969,43058,43060],{},[15,43059,34084],{}," example for comparison",[131,43062,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,43064,43066],{"id":43065},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43068,43069],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1003,43071,43073],{"id":43072},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43075,43076,43077,43079],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43078,34797],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[46,43081,43083],{"className":48,"code":43082,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43084,43085,43097,43110,43129,43133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43086,43087,43089,43091,43093,43095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43088,34621],{"class":1838},[55,43090,34625],{"class":34624},[55,43092,109],{"class":91},[55,43094,273],{"class":37434},[55,43096,8124],{"class":91},[55,43098,43099,43103,43107],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,43100,43102],{"class":43101},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[55,43104,43106],{"class":43105},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[55,43108,43109],{"class":43101},"\"\"\"\n",[55,43111,43112,43114,43117,43120,43122,43124,43126],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,43113,34632],{"class":487},[55,43115,43116],{"class":1838}," f",[55,43118,43119],{"class":73},"\"Hello, ",[55,43121,9058],{"class":1210},[55,43123,273],{"class":61},[55,43125,22079],{"class":1210},[55,43127,43128],{"class":73},"!\"\n",[55,43130,43131],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,43132,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,43134,43135,43137,43139,43141],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,43136,31925],{"class":105},[55,43138,109],{"class":91},[55,43140,34667],{"class":95},[55,43142,342],{"class":91},[1003,43144,43146],{"id":43145},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43148,43149,43151,43152,43154],{},[15,43150,42820],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43153,42816],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1003,43156,43158],{"id":43157},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43160,43161],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[131,43163,1643],{"id":1642},[30,43165,43166,43171,43175,43180,43185],{},[33,43167,43168],{},[166,43169,43170],{"href":42379},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43172,43173],{},[166,43174,8224],{"href":2070},[33,43176,43177],{},[166,43178,43179],{"href":42131},"Python len() function explained",[33,43181,43182],{},[166,43183,43184],{"href":42426},"How import works in Python",[33,43186,43187],{},[166,43188,34927],{"href":42431},[20,43190,43191,43192,43194,43195,1963,43197,16850,43199,43201,43202,2651,43205,43208],{},"Try ",[15,43193,34797],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43196,10942],{},[15,43198,106],{},[15,43200,42236],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43203,43204],{},"dir(str)",[15,43206,43207],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1696,43210,43211],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":43213},[43214,43215,43216,43217,43223,43224,43225,43226,43230,43238,43239,43245],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":42096,"depth":80,"text":42097},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":42221,"depth":80,"text":42222,"children":43218},[43219,43220,43221,43222],{"id":42225,"depth":102,"text":42226},{"id":42278,"depth":102,"text":42279},{"id":34277,"depth":102,"text":42116},{"id":34430,"depth":102,"text":42119},{"id":34687,"depth":80,"text":34688},{"id":42498,"depth":80,"text":42499},{"id":42559,"depth":80,"text":42560},{"id":42700,"depth":80,"text":42701,"children":43227},[43228,43229],{"id":31925,"depth":102,"text":34797},{"id":34145,"depth":102,"text":34084},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":43231},[43232,43234,43235,43236],{"id":42813,"depth":102,"text":43233},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42869,"depth":102,"text":42870},{"id":42881,"depth":102,"text":42882},{"id":42925,"depth":102,"text":43237},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42942,"depth":80,"text":42943},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":43240},[43241,43242,43243,43244],{"id":43065,"depth":102,"text":43066},{"id":43072,"depth":102,"text":43073},{"id":43145,"depth":102,"text":43146},{"id":43157,"depth":102,"text":43158},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42025,"description":43246},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43252,"title":43253,"body":43254,"description":44614,"extension":1733,"meta":44615,"navigation":248,"path":44616,"seo":44617,"stem":44618,"__hash__":44619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43255,"toc":44587},[43256,43262,43267,43273,43283,43342,43352,43363,43368,43374,43376,43394,43402,43404,43406,43421,43423,43434,43436,43527,43530,43534,43539,43560,43562,43673,43675,43702,43713,43717,43720,43803,43805,43813,43819,43825,43829,43832,43942,43944,43957,43960,43974,43982,43988,43993,44007,44013,44126,44128,44189,44192,44198,44204,44207,44229,44232,44302,44305,44337,44344,44346,44349,44367,44370,44382,44388,44390,44395,44421,44424,44496,44498,44504,44507,44513,44516,44522,44532,44538,44541,44548,44551,44553,44584],[10,43257,1686,43259,3355],{"id":43258},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43260,43261],{},"id()",[20,43263,32090,43264,43266],{},[15,43265,43261],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43268,43269,43270,43272],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43271,43261],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43274,1866,43275,43277,43278,43280,43281,92],{},[15,43276,43261],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[123,43279,902],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43282,1326],{},[46,43284,43286],{"className":48,"code":43285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43287,43288,43300,43314,43318,43328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43289,43290,43292,43294,43296,43298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43291,254],{"class":61},[55,43293,66],{"class":65},[55,43295,70],{"class":69},[55,43297,7082],{"class":73},[55,43299,77],{"class":69},[55,43301,43302,43304,43306,43308,43310,43312],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,43303,106],{"class":105},[55,43305,109],{"class":91},[55,43307,12430],{"class":105},[55,43309,109],{"class":91},[55,43311,273],{"class":95},[55,43313,1273],{"class":91},[55,43315,43316],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,43317,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,43319,43320,43323,43325],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,43321,43322],{"class":61},"other ",[55,43324,66],{"class":65},[55,43326,43327],{"class":61}," name\n",[55,43329,43330,43332,43334,43336,43338,43340],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,43331,106],{"class":105},[55,43333,109],{"class":91},[55,43335,12430],{"class":105},[55,43337,109],{"class":91},[55,43339,30515],{"class":95},[55,43341,1273],{"class":91},[20,43343,43344,43345,43348,43349,43351],{},"In this example, ",[15,43346,43347],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43350,43261],{}," values match.",[43353,43354,43355],"blockquote",{},[20,43356,1866,43357,43359,43360,43362],{},[15,43358,43261],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43361,1326],{}," for value comparison.",[131,43364,134,43366,137],{"id":43365},"what-id-does",[15,43367,43261],{},[20,43369,43370,43373],{},[15,43371,43372],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43375,145],{},[30,43377,43378,43381,43388,43391],{},[33,43379,43380],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43382,43383,43384,43387],{},"It shows ",[123,43385,43386],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43389,43390],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43392,43393],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43395,43396,43397,43401],{},"This is closely related to how ",[166,43398,43400],{"href":43399},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[131,43403,178],{"id":177},[20,43405,5218],{},[46,43407,43409],{"className":48,"code":43408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"id(object)\n",[15,43410,43411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43412,43413,43415,43417,43419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43414,12430],{"class":105},[55,43416,109],{"class":91},[55,43418,42172],{"class":1265},[55,43420,342],{"class":91},[20,43422,200],{},[30,43424,43425,43428,43431],{},[33,43426,43427],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43429,43430],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43432,43433],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43435,214],{},[46,43437,43439],{"className":48,"code":43438,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43440,43441,43453,43461,43481,43485,43499,43513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43442,43443,43445,43447,43449,43451],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43444,62],{"class":61},[55,43446,66],{"class":65},[55,43448,70],{"class":69},[55,43450,3624],{"class":73},[55,43452,77],{"class":69},[55,43454,43455,43457,43459],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,43456,1205],{"class":61},[55,43458,66],{"class":65},[55,43460,2542],{"class":1210},[55,43462,43463,43465,43467,43469,43471,43473,43475,43477,43479],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,43464,7563],{"class":61},[55,43466,66],{"class":65},[55,43468,3400],{"class":91},[55,43470,2761],{"class":1210},[55,43472,2764],{"class":91},[55,43474,2767],{"class":1210},[55,43476,2764],{"class":91},[55,43478,2223],{"class":1210},[55,43480,3413],{"class":91},[55,43482,43483],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,43484,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,43486,43487,43489,43491,43493,43495,43497],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,43488,106],{"class":105},[55,43490,109],{"class":91},[55,43492,12430],{"class":105},[55,43494,109],{"class":91},[55,43496,352],{"class":95},[55,43498,1273],{"class":91},[55,43500,43501,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,43502,106],{"class":105},[55,43504,109],{"class":91},[55,43506,12430],{"class":105},[55,43508,109],{"class":91},[55,43510,1220],{"class":95},[55,43512,1273],{"class":91},[55,43514,43515,43517,43519,43521,43523,43525],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,43516,106],{"class":105},[55,43518,109],{"class":91},[55,43520,12430],{"class":105},[55,43522,109],{"class":91},[55,43524,7594],{"class":95},[55,43526,1273],{"class":91},[20,43528,43529],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[131,43531,43533],{"id":43532},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43535,43536,43537,92],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43538,43261],{},[30,43540,43541,43548,43555],{},[33,43542,43543,43545,43546],{},[15,43544,1326],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[123,43547,2245],{},[33,43549,43550,43552,43553],{},[15,43551,11974],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[123,43554,42172],{},[33,43556,43557,43559],{},[15,43558,43261],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43561,214],{},[46,43563,43565],{"className":48,"code":43564,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43566,43567,43587,43607,43611,43628,43645,43659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43568,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43570,2327],{"class":61},[55,43572,66],{"class":65},[55,43574,3400],{"class":91},[55,43576,2761],{"class":1210},[55,43578,2764],{"class":91},[55,43580,2767],{"class":1210},[55,43582,2764],{"class":91},[55,43584,2223],{"class":1210},[55,43586,3413],{"class":91},[55,43588,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,43590,2355],{"class":61},[55,43592,66],{"class":65},[55,43594,3400],{"class":91},[55,43596,2761],{"class":1210},[55,43598,2764],{"class":91},[55,43600,2767],{"class":1210},[55,43602,2764],{"class":91},[55,43604,2223],{"class":1210},[55,43606,3413],{"class":91},[55,43608,43609],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,43610,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,43612,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,43614,106],{"class":105},[55,43616,109],{"class":91},[55,43618,2327],{"class":95},[55,43620,1326],{"class":65},[55,43622,2332],{"class":95},[55,43624,115],{"class":91},[55,43626,43627],{"class":118},"   # True\n",[55,43629,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638,43640,43642],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,43631,106],{"class":105},[55,43633,109],{"class":91},[55,43635,2327],{"class":95},[55,43637,11974],{"class":487},[55,43639,2332],{"class":95},[55,43641,115],{"class":91},[55,43643,43644],{"class":118},"   # False\n",[55,43646,43647,43649,43651,43653,43655,43657],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,43648,106],{"class":105},[55,43650,109],{"class":91},[55,43652,12430],{"class":105},[55,43654,109],{"class":91},[55,43656,166],{"class":95},[55,43658,1273],{"class":91},[55,43660,43661,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,43662,106],{"class":105},[55,43664,109],{"class":91},[55,43666,12430],{"class":105},[55,43668,109],{"class":91},[55,43670,4543],{"class":95},[55,43672,1273],{"class":91},[20,43674,1952],{},[30,43676,43677,43685,43693],{},[33,43678,43679,4566,43682,43684],{},[15,43680,43681],{},"a == b",[15,43683,3380],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43686,43687,4566,43690,43692],{},[15,43688,43689],{},"a is b",[15,43691,3452],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43694,43695,1377,43698,43701],{},[15,43696,43697],{},"id(a)",[15,43699,43700],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43703,43704,43705,1377,43709,92],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[166,43706,43708],{"href":43707},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[166,43710,43712],{"href":43711},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[131,43714,43716],{"id":43715},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43718,43719],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[46,43721,43723],{"className":48,"code":43722,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43724,43725,43745,43755,43759,43773,43788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43726,43727,43729,43731,43733,43735,43737,43739,43741,43743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43728,3395],{"class":61},[55,43730,66],{"class":65},[55,43732,3400],{"class":91},[55,43734,2101],{"class":1210},[55,43736,2764],{"class":91},[55,43738,7574],{"class":1210},[55,43740,2764],{"class":91},[55,43742,7579],{"class":1210},[55,43744,3413],{"class":91},[55,43746,43747,43750,43752],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,43748,43749],{"class":61},"other_numbers ",[55,43751,66],{"class":65},[55,43753,43754],{"class":61}," numbers\n",[55,43756,43757],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,43758,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,43760,43761,43763,43765,43767,43769,43771],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,43762,106],{"class":105},[55,43764,109],{"class":91},[55,43766,12430],{"class":105},[55,43768,109],{"class":91},[55,43770,3427],{"class":95},[55,43772,1273],{"class":91},[55,43774,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783,43786],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,43776,106],{"class":105},[55,43778,109],{"class":91},[55,43780,12430],{"class":105},[55,43782,109],{"class":91},[55,43784,43785],{"class":95},"other_numbers",[55,43787,1273],{"class":91},[55,43789,43790,43792,43794,43796,43798,43801],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,43791,106],{"class":105},[55,43793,109],{"class":91},[55,43795,3395],{"class":95},[55,43797,11974],{"class":487},[55,43799,43800],{"class":95}," other_numbers",[55,43802,342],{"class":91},[20,43804,5344],{},[46,43806,43807],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,43808,43809],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43810,43811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43812,3760],{"class":3631},[20,43814,43815,43816,43818],{},"The two ",[15,43817,43261],{}," values will also match.",[20,43820,21965,43821,43824],{},[15,43822,43823],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[131,43826,43828],{"id":43827},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43830,43831],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[46,43833,43835],{"className":48,"code":43834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43836,43837,43858,43879,43883,43898,43912,43927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43838,43839,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43840,43841],{"class":61},"list_a ",[55,43843,66],{"class":65},[55,43845,3400],{"class":91},[55,43847,2761],{"class":1210},[55,43849,2764],{"class":91},[55,43851,2767],{"class":1210},[55,43853,2764],{"class":91},[55,43855,2223],{"class":1210},[55,43857,3413],{"class":91},[55,43859,43860,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873,43875,43877],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,43861,43862],{"class":61},"list_b ",[55,43864,66],{"class":65},[55,43866,3400],{"class":91},[55,43868,2761],{"class":1210},[55,43870,2764],{"class":91},[55,43872,2767],{"class":1210},[55,43874,2764],{"class":91},[55,43876,2223],{"class":1210},[55,43878,3413],{"class":91},[55,43880,43881],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,43882,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,43884,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43896],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,43886,106],{"class":105},[55,43888,109],{"class":91},[55,43890,43841],{"class":95},[55,43892,1326],{"class":65},[55,43894,43895],{"class":95}," list_b",[55,43897,342],{"class":91},[55,43899,43900,43902,43904,43906,43908,43910],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,43901,106],{"class":105},[55,43903,109],{"class":91},[55,43905,43841],{"class":95},[55,43907,11974],{"class":487},[55,43909,43895],{"class":95},[55,43911,342],{"class":91},[55,43913,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922,43925],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,43915,106],{"class":105},[55,43917,109],{"class":91},[55,43919,12430],{"class":105},[55,43921,109],{"class":91},[55,43923,43924],{"class":95},"list_a",[55,43926,1273],{"class":91},[55,43928,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937,43940],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,43930,106],{"class":105},[55,43932,109],{"class":91},[55,43934,12430],{"class":105},[55,43936,109],{"class":91},[55,43938,43939],{"class":95},"list_b",[55,43941,1273],{"class":91},[20,43943,5344],{},[46,43945,43947],{"className":48,"code":43946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43948,43949,43953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43950,43951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43952,3760],{"class":3631},[55,43954,43955],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,43956,3821],{"class":3631},[20,43958,43959],{},"What this means:",[30,43961,43962,43965,43968],{},[33,43963,43964],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,43966,43967],{},"They are not the same object",[33,43969,43970,43971,43973],{},"Their ",[15,43972,43261],{}," values are usually different",[20,43975,43976,43977,43979,43980,92],{},"This is why ",[15,43978,43261],{}," should not replace ",[15,43981,1326],{},[131,43983,1447,43985,43987],{"id":43984},"when-id-is-useful",[15,43986,43261],{}," is useful",[20,43989,43990,43992],{},[15,43991,43261],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,43994,43995,43998,44001,44004],{},[33,43996,43997],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,43999,44000],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,44002,44003],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,44005,44006],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44008,44009,44010,44012],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44011,43261],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[46,44014,44016],{"className":48,"code":44015,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44017,44018,44042,44051,44055,44074,44078,44088,44098,44112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44019,44020,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038,44040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44021,11866],{"class":61},[55,44023,66],{"class":65},[55,44025,3400],{"class":91},[55,44027,228],{"class":69},[55,44029,166],{"class":73},[55,44031,228],{"class":69},[55,44033,2764],{"class":91},[55,44035,70],{"class":69},[55,44037,4543],{"class":73},[55,44039,228],{"class":69},[55,44041,3413],{"class":91},[55,44043,44044,44047,44049],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44045,44046],{"class":61},"copy_ref ",[55,44048,66],{"class":65},[55,44050,11904],{"class":61},[55,44052,44053],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,44054,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,44056,44057,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,44058,44059],{"class":61},"copy_ref",[55,44061,92],{"class":91},[55,44063,13332],{"class":95},[55,44065,109],{"class":91},[55,44067,228],{"class":69},[55,44069,9520],{"class":73},[55,44071,228],{"class":69},[55,44073,342],{"class":91},[55,44075,44076],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,44077,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,44079,44080,44082,44084,44086],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,44081,106],{"class":105},[55,44083,109],{"class":91},[55,44085,11913],{"class":95},[55,44087,342],{"class":91},[55,44089,44090,44092,44094,44096],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,44091,106],{"class":105},[55,44093,109],{"class":91},[55,44095,44059],{"class":95},[55,44097,342],{"class":91},[55,44099,44100,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,44101,106],{"class":105},[55,44103,109],{"class":91},[55,44105,12430],{"class":105},[55,44107,109],{"class":91},[55,44109,11913],{"class":95},[55,44111,1273],{"class":91},[55,44113,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122,44124],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,44115,106],{"class":105},[55,44117,109],{"class":91},[55,44119,12430],{"class":105},[55,44121,109],{"class":91},[55,44123,44059],{"class":95},[55,44125,1273],{"class":91},[20,44127,5344],{},[46,44129,44131],{"className":48,"code":44130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44132,44133,44161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44134,44135,44137,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44136,3680],{"class":91},[55,44138,3077],{"class":69},[55,44140,166],{"class":73},[55,44142,3077],{"class":69},[55,44144,2764],{"class":91},[55,44146,3072],{"class":69},[55,44148,4543],{"class":73},[55,44150,3077],{"class":69},[55,44152,2764],{"class":91},[55,44154,3072],{"class":69},[55,44156,9520],{"class":73},[55,44158,3077],{"class":69},[55,44160,3413],{"class":91},[55,44162,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44164,3680],{"class":91},[55,44166,3077],{"class":69},[55,44168,166],{"class":73},[55,44170,3077],{"class":69},[55,44172,2764],{"class":91},[55,44174,3072],{"class":69},[55,44176,4543],{"class":73},[55,44178,3077],{"class":69},[55,44180,2764],{"class":91},[55,44182,3072],{"class":69},[55,44184,9520],{"class":73},[55,44186,3077],{"class":69},[55,44188,3413],{"class":91},[20,44190,44191],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[131,44193,44195,44196],{"id":44194},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44197,43261],{},[20,44199,44200,44201,44203],{},"Do not use ",[15,44202,43261],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44205,44206],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44208,44209,44215,44221,44224],{},[33,44210,44211,44212,44214],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44213,1326],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44216,44217,44218,44220],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44219,43261],{}," values across program runs",[33,44222,44223],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44225,44226,44227],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44228,43261],{},[20,44230,44231],{},"Bad example:",[46,44233,44235],{"className":48,"code":44234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44236,44237,44249,44261,44265,44287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44238,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44240,2327],{"class":61},[55,44242,66],{"class":65},[55,44244,70],{"class":69},[55,44246,36818],{"class":73},[55,44248,77],{"class":69},[55,44250,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44252,2355],{"class":61},[55,44254,66],{"class":65},[55,44256,70],{"class":69},[55,44258,36818],{"class":73},[55,44260,77],{"class":69},[55,44262,44263],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,44264,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,44266,44267,44269,44271,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281,44283,44285],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,44268,488],{"class":487},[55,44270,14596],{"class":105},[55,44272,109],{"class":91},[55,44274,166],{"class":95},[55,44276,115],{"class":91},[55,44278,501],{"class":65},[55,44280,14596],{"class":105},[55,44282,109],{"class":91},[55,44284,4543],{"class":95},[55,44286,8124],{"class":91},[55,44288,44289,44291,44293,44295,44298,44300],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,44290,516],{"class":105},[55,44292,109],{"class":91},[55,44294,228],{"class":69},[55,44296,44297],{"class":73},"The values are equal",[55,44299,228],{"class":69},[55,44301,342],{"class":91},[20,44303,44304],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[46,44306,44308],{"className":48,"code":44307,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44309,44310,44323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44311,44312,44314,44317,44319,44321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44313,488],{"class":487},[55,44315,44316],{"class":61}," a ",[55,44318,1326],{"class":65},[55,44320,2332],{"class":61},[55,44322,511],{"class":91},[55,44324,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44326,516],{"class":105},[55,44328,109],{"class":91},[55,44330,228],{"class":69},[55,44332,44297],{"class":73},[55,44334,228],{"class":69},[55,44336,342],{"class":91},[20,44338,1866,44339,2651,44341,44343],{},[15,44340,11974],{},[15,44342,43261],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[131,44345,20579],{"id":20578},[20,44347,44348],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44350,44351,44354,44357,44362],{},[33,44352,44353],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44355,44356],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44358,44359,44360],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44361,43261],{},[33,44363,44364,44365],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44366,43261],{},[20,44368,44369],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44371,44372,44377],{},[33,44373,1866,44374,44376],{},[15,44375,1326],{}," to check value",[33,44378,1866,44379,44381],{},[15,44380,11974],{}," to check identity",[20,44383,44384,44385,44387],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44386,43261],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[131,44389,1001],{"id":1000},[20,44391,44392,44393,539],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44394,43261],{},[30,44396,44397,44405,44408,44411,44416],{},[33,44398,1185,44399,44401,44402,44404],{},[15,44400,43261],{}," when ",[15,44403,1326],{}," should be used",[33,44406,44407],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44409,44410],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44412,44413,44414],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44415,43261],{},[33,44417,1185,44418,44420],{},[15,44419,43261],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44422,44423],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[46,44425,44427],{"className":48,"code":44426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44428,44429,44444,44458,44472,44486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44430,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439,44442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44432,106],{"class":105},[55,44434,109],{"class":91},[55,44436,12430],{"class":105},[55,44438,109],{"class":91},[55,44440,44441],{"class":95},"my_object",[55,44443,1273],{"class":91},[55,44445,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44447,106],{"class":105},[55,44449,109],{"class":91},[55,44451,2327],{"class":95},[55,44453,1326],{"class":65},[55,44455,2332],{"class":95},[55,44457,342],{"class":91},[55,44459,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,44461,106],{"class":105},[55,44463,109],{"class":91},[55,44465,2327],{"class":95},[55,44467,11974],{"class":487},[55,44469,2332],{"class":95},[55,44471,342],{"class":91},[55,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,44475,106],{"class":105},[55,44477,109],{"class":91},[55,44479,1266],{"class":1265},[55,44481,109],{"class":91},[55,44483,44441],{"class":95},[55,44485,1273],{"class":91},[55,44487,44488,44490,44492,44494],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,44489,31925],{"class":105},[55,44491,109],{"class":91},[55,44493,12430],{"class":105},[55,44495,342],{"class":91},[131,44497,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,44499,44501,44502,1606],{"id":44500},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44503,43261],{},[20,44505,44506],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1003,44508,14683,44510,44512],{"id":44509},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44511,43261],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44514,44515],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1003,44517,21198,44519,44521],{"id":44518},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44520,43261],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44523,30042,44524,44526,44527,2651,44529,44531],{},[15,44525,1326],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44528,43261],{},[15,44530,11974],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1003,44533,44535,44536,1631],{"id":44534},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44537,43261],{},[20,44539,44540],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1003,44542,44544,44545,44547],{"id":44543},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44546,43261],{}," values?",[20,44549,44550],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[131,44552,1643],{"id":1642},[30,44554,44555,44560,44565,44570,44578],{},[33,44556,44557],{},[166,44558,44559],{"href":43399},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44561,44562],{},[166,44563,44564],{"href":43707},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44566,44567],{},[166,44568,44569],{"href":43711},"Python data types overview",[33,44571,44572],{},[166,44573,1686,44575,1689],{"href":44574},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44576,44577],{},"isinstance()",[33,44579,44580],{},[166,44581,44583],{"href":44582},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1696,44585,44586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":44588},[44589,44591,44592,44593,44594,44595,44597,44599,44600,44601,44613],{"id":43365,"depth":80,"text":44590},"What id() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":43532,"depth":80,"text":43533},{"id":43715,"depth":80,"text":43716},{"id":43827,"depth":80,"text":43828},{"id":43984,"depth":80,"text":44596},"When id() is useful",{"id":44194,"depth":80,"text":44598},"When not to use id()",{"id":20578,"depth":80,"text":20579},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":44602},[44603,44605,44607,44609,44611],{"id":44500,"depth":102,"text":44604},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44509,"depth":102,"text":44606},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44518,"depth":102,"text":44608},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44534,"depth":102,"text":44610},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44543,"depth":102,"text":44612},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43253,"description":44614},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44621,"title":41967,"body":44622,"description":46260,"extension":1733,"meta":46261,"navigation":248,"path":46262,"seo":46263,"stem":46264,"__hash__":46265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44623,"toc":46226},[44624,44629,44634,44637,44639,44682,44687,44690,44695,44700,44703,44719,44721,44763,44765,44792,44794,44809,44811,44813,44815,44831,44833,44845,44848,44882,44885,44910,44915,44917,44922,44926,44929,44931,44979,44981,45014,45020,45031,45033,45085,45087,45118,45120,45124,45128,45171,45177,45183,45235,45243,45248,45252,45343,45345,45378,45381,45383,45443,45445,45471,45481,45483,45487,45492,45497,45499,45536,45538,45557,45560,45564,45567,45623,45635,45644,45646,45673,45681,45688,45692,45695,45732,45735,45741,45778,45780,45784,45790,45808,45813,45861,45865,45954,45957,45964,45966,45968,45973,45991,45993,46036,46042,46059,46061,46123,46125,46127,46133,46141,46147,46153,46162,46172,46176,46184,46186,46188,46223],[10,44625,1686,44627,3355],{"id":44626},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44628,537],{},[20,44630,1750,44631,44633],{},[15,44632,537],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44635,44636],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[131,44638,1775],{"id":1774},[46,44640,44642],{"className":48,"code":44641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44643,44644,44663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44645,44646,44648,44650,44652,44654,44656,44659,44661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44647,254],{"class":61},[55,44649,66],{"class":65},[55,44651,553],{"class":105},[55,44653,109],{"class":91},[55,44655,228],{"class":69},[55,44657,44658],{"class":73},"Enter your name: ",[55,44660,228],{"class":69},[55,44662,342],{"class":91},[55,44664,44665,44667,44669,44671,44674,44676,44678,44680],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44666,106],{"class":105},[55,44668,109],{"class":91},[55,44670,228],{"class":69},[55,44672,44673],{"class":73},"Hello, ",[55,44675,228],{"class":69},[55,44677,2226],{"class":65},[55,44679,849],{"class":95},[55,44681,342],{"class":91},[20,44683,1866,44684,44686],{},[15,44685,537],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44688,44689],"hr",{},[131,44691,134,44693,137],{"id":44692},"what-input-does",[15,44694,537],{},[20,44696,44697,44699],{},[15,44698,537],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44701,44702],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44704,44705,44710,44713,44716],{},[33,44706,44707,44709],{},[15,44708,537],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44711,44712],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44714,44715],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44717,44718],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44720,214],{},[46,44722,44724],{"className":48,"code":44723,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44725,44726,44744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44727,44728,44730,44732,44734,44736,44738,44740,44742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44729,666],{"class":61},[55,44731,66],{"class":65},[55,44733,553],{"class":105},[55,44735,109],{"class":91},[55,44737,228],{"class":69},[55,44739,677],{"class":73},[55,44741,228],{"class":69},[55,44743,342],{"class":91},[55,44745,44746,44748,44750,44752,44755,44757,44759,44761],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44747,106],{"class":105},[55,44749,109],{"class":91},[55,44751,228],{"class":69},[55,44753,44754],{"class":73},"Your favorite color is",[55,44756,228],{"class":69},[55,44758,2764],{"class":91},[55,44760,692],{"class":95},[55,44762,342],{"class":91},[20,44764,29801],{},[46,44766,44768],{"className":48,"code":44767,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44769,44770,44783],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44771,44772,44774,44776,44779,44781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44773,134],{"class":61},[55,44775,11974],{"class":65},[55,44777,44778],{"class":61}," your favorite color",[55,44780,1631],{"class":37138},[55,44782,35651],{"class":61},[55,44784,44785,44788,44790],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44786,44787],{"class":61},"Your favorite color ",[55,44789,11974],{"class":65},[55,44791,35651],{"class":61},[20,44793,19735],{},[30,44795,44796,44801,44806],{},[33,44797,44798,44799],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44800,677],{},[33,44802,44803,44804],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44805,32664],{},[33,44807,44808],{},"That value is then printed",[44688,44810],{},[131,44812,178],{"id":177},[20,44814,7003],{},[46,44816,44818],{"className":48,"code":44817,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44819,44820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44821,44822,44824,44826,44829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44823,42236],{"class":105},[55,44825,109],{"class":91},[55,44827,44828],{"class":95},"prompt",[55,44830,342],{"class":91},[20,44832,11239],{},[30,44834,44835,44839,44842],{},[33,44836,1750,44837,19817],{},[15,44838,44828],{},[33,44840,44841],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,44843,44844],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44846,44847],{},"Example with a prompt:",[46,44849,44851],{"className":48,"code":44850,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44852,44853,44872],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44854,44855,44857,44859,44861,44863,44865,44868,44870],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44856,7745],{"class":61},[55,44858,66],{"class":65},[55,44860,553],{"class":105},[55,44862,109],{"class":91},[55,44864,228],{"class":69},[55,44866,44867],{"class":73},"Enter your username: ",[55,44869,228],{"class":69},[55,44871,342],{"class":91},[55,44873,44874,44876,44878,44880],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44875,106],{"class":105},[55,44877,109],{"class":91},[55,44879,7769],{"class":95},[55,44881,342],{"class":91},[20,44883,44884],{},"Example without a prompt:",[46,44886,44888],{"className":48,"code":44887,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44889,44890,44900],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44891,44892,44894,44896,44898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44893,2218],{"class":61},[55,44895,66],{"class":65},[55,44897,553],{"class":105},[55,44899,99],{"class":91},[55,44901,44902,44904,44906,44908],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44903,106],{"class":105},[55,44905,109],{"class":91},[55,44907,2245],{"class":95},[55,44909,342],{"class":91},[20,44911,7546,44912,44914],{},[15,44913,537],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44688,44916],{},[131,44918,134,44920,11485],{"id":44919},"what-input-returns",[15,44921,537],{},[20,44923,44924,8008],{},[15,44925,537],{},[20,44927,44928],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44930,214],{},[46,44932,44934],{"className":48,"code":44933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44935,44936,44955,44965],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44937,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948,44951,44953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44939,21405],{"class":61},[55,44941,66],{"class":65},[55,44943,553],{"class":105},[55,44945,109],{"class":91},[55,44947,228],{"class":69},[55,44949,44950],{"class":73},"Enter your age: ",[55,44952,228],{"class":69},[55,44954,342],{"class":91},[55,44956,44957,44959,44961,44963],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44958,106],{"class":105},[55,44960,109],{"class":91},[55,44962,9079],{"class":95},[55,44964,342],{"class":91},[55,44966,44967,44969,44971,44973,44975,44977],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,44968,106],{"class":105},[55,44970,109],{"class":91},[55,44972,1266],{"class":1265},[55,44974,109],{"class":91},[55,44976,9079],{"class":95},[55,44978,1273],{"class":91},[20,44980,29801],{},[46,44982,44984],{"className":48,"code":44983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44985,44986,44996,45000],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44987,44988,44991,44993],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44989,44990],{"class":61},"Enter your age",[55,44992,539],{"class":91},[55,44994,44995],{"class":1210}," 25\n",[55,44997,44998],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,44999,2482],{"class":1210},[55,45001,45002,45004,45006,45008,45010,45012],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45003,3066],{"class":65},[55,45005,3069],{"class":1838},[55,45007,3072],{"class":69},[55,45009,3220],{"class":73},[55,45011,3077],{"class":69},[55,45013,3080],{"class":65},[20,45015,45016,45017,45019],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45018,8973],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45021,45022,45023,2651,45027,92],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[166,45024,45025],{"href":2647},[15,45026,2650],{},[166,45028,45029],{"href":2654},[15,45030,2657],{},[20,45032,214],{},[46,45034,45036],{"className":48,"code":45035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45037,45038,45061,45071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45039,45040,45042,45044,45047,45049,45051,45053,45055,45057,45059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45041,21405],{"class":61},[55,45043,66],{"class":65},[55,45045,45046],{"class":1265}," int",[55,45048,109],{"class":91},[55,45050,42236],{"class":105},[55,45052,109],{"class":91},[55,45054,228],{"class":69},[55,45056,44950],{"class":73},[55,45058,228],{"class":69},[55,45060,1273],{"class":91},[55,45062,45063,45065,45067,45069],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45064,106],{"class":105},[55,45066,109],{"class":91},[55,45068,9079],{"class":95},[55,45070,342],{"class":91},[55,45072,45073,45075,45077,45079,45081,45083],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45074,106],{"class":105},[55,45076,109],{"class":91},[55,45078,1266],{"class":1265},[55,45080,109],{"class":91},[55,45082,9079],{"class":95},[55,45084,1273],{"class":91},[20,45086,29801],{},[46,45088,45090],{"className":48,"code":45089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45091,45092,45100,45104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45093,45094,45096,45098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45095,44990],{"class":61},[55,45097,539],{"class":91},[55,45099,44995],{"class":1210},[55,45101,45102],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45103,2482],{"class":1210},[55,45105,45106,45108,45110,45112,45114,45116],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45107,3066],{"class":65},[55,45109,3069],{"class":1838},[55,45111,3072],{"class":69},[55,45113,1962],{"class":73},[55,45115,3077],{"class":69},[55,45117,3080],{"class":65},[44688,45119],{},[131,45121,45123],{"id":45122},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1003,45125,45127],{"id":45126},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[46,45129,45131],{"className":48,"code":45130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45132,45133,45152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45134,45135,45137,45139,45141,45143,45145,45148,45150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45136,254],{"class":61},[55,45138,66],{"class":65},[55,45140,553],{"class":105},[55,45142,109],{"class":91},[55,45144,228],{"class":69},[55,45146,45147],{"class":73},"What is your name? ",[55,45149,228],{"class":69},[55,45151,342],{"class":91},[55,45153,45154,45156,45158,45160,45163,45165,45167,45169],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45155,106],{"class":105},[55,45157,109],{"class":91},[55,45159,228],{"class":69},[55,45161,45162],{"class":73},"Hello,",[55,45164,228],{"class":69},[55,45166,2764],{"class":91},[55,45168,849],{"class":95},[55,45170,342],{"class":91},[20,45172,45173,45174,45176],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45175,273],{}," and prints it.",[1003,45178,45180,45181],{"id":45179},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45182,2650],{},[46,45184,45186],{"className":48,"code":45185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45187,45188,45211],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45189,45190,45192,45194,45196,45198,45200,45202,45204,45207,45209],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45191,21405],{"class":61},[55,45193,66],{"class":65},[55,45195,45046],{"class":1265},[55,45197,109],{"class":91},[55,45199,42236],{"class":105},[55,45201,109],{"class":91},[55,45203,228],{"class":69},[55,45205,45206],{"class":73},"How old are you? ",[55,45208,228],{"class":69},[55,45210,1273],{"class":91},[55,45212,45213,45215,45217,45219,45222,45224,45226,45229,45231,45233],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45214,106],{"class":105},[55,45216,109],{"class":91},[55,45218,228],{"class":69},[55,45220,45221],{"class":73},"Next year you will be",[55,45223,228],{"class":69},[55,45225,2764],{"class":91},[55,45227,45228],{"class":95}," age ",[55,45230,1832],{"class":65},[55,45232,5282],{"class":1210},[55,45234,342],{"class":91},[20,45236,5846,45237,45239,45240,45242],{},[15,45238,2650],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45241,537],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45244,45245,45246,92],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[166,45247,8760],{"href":8759},[1003,45249,45251],{"id":45250},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[46,45253,45255],{"className":48,"code":45254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45256,45257,45281,45305,45319,45323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45258,45259,45262,45264,45266,45268,45270,45272,45274,45277,45279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45260,45261],{"class":61},"num1 ",[55,45263,66],{"class":65},[55,45265,45046],{"class":1265},[55,45267,109],{"class":91},[55,45269,42236],{"class":105},[55,45271,109],{"class":91},[55,45273,228],{"class":69},[55,45275,45276],{"class":73},"Enter the first number: ",[55,45278,228],{"class":69},[55,45280,1273],{"class":91},[55,45282,45283,45286,45288,45290,45292,45294,45296,45298,45301,45303],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45284,45285],{"class":61},"num2 ",[55,45287,66],{"class":65},[55,45289,45046],{"class":1265},[55,45291,109],{"class":91},[55,45293,42236],{"class":105},[55,45295,109],{"class":91},[55,45297,228],{"class":69},[55,45299,45300],{"class":73},"Enter the second number: ",[55,45302,228],{"class":69},[55,45304,1273],{"class":91},[55,45306,45307,45309,45311,45314,45316],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45308,40956],{"class":61},[55,45310,66],{"class":65},[55,45312,45313],{"class":61}," num1 ",[55,45315,1832],{"class":65},[55,45317,45318],{"class":61}," num2\n",[55,45320,45321],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,45322,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,45324,45325,45327,45329,45331,45334,45336,45338,45341],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,45326,106],{"class":105},[55,45328,109],{"class":91},[55,45330,228],{"class":69},[55,45332,45333],{"class":73},"Total:",[55,45335,228],{"class":69},[55,45337,2764],{"class":91},[55,45339,45340],{"class":95}," total",[55,45342,342],{"class":91},[20,45344,29801],{},[46,45346,45348],{"className":48,"code":45347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45349,45350,45360,45369],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45351,45352,45355,45357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45353,45354],{"class":61},"Enter the first number",[55,45356,539],{"class":91},[55,45358,45359],{"class":1210}," 2\n",[55,45361,45362,45365,45367],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45363,45364],{"class":61},"Enter the second number",[55,45366,539],{"class":91},[55,45368,2350],{"class":1210},[55,45370,45371,45374,45376],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45372,45373],{"class":61},"Total",[55,45375,539],{"class":91},[55,45377,34612],{"class":1210},[20,45379,45380],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45382,214],{},[46,45384,45386],{"className":48,"code":45385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45387,45388,45406,45424,45428],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45389,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402,45404],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45391,45261],{"class":61},[55,45393,66],{"class":65},[55,45395,553],{"class":105},[55,45397,109],{"class":91},[55,45399,228],{"class":69},[55,45401,45276],{"class":73},[55,45403,228],{"class":69},[55,45405,342],{"class":91},[55,45407,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416,45418,45420,45422],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45409,45285],{"class":61},[55,45411,66],{"class":65},[55,45413,553],{"class":105},[55,45415,109],{"class":91},[55,45417,228],{"class":69},[55,45419,45300],{"class":73},[55,45421,228],{"class":69},[55,45423,342],{"class":91},[55,45425,45426],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45427,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,45429,45430,45432,45434,45436,45438,45441],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,45431,106],{"class":105},[55,45433,109],{"class":91},[55,45435,45261],{"class":95},[55,45437,1832],{"class":65},[55,45439,45440],{"class":95}," num2",[55,45442,342],{"class":91},[20,45444,29801],{},[46,45446,45448],{"className":48,"code":45447,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45449,45450,45458,45466],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45451,45452,45454,45456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45453,45354],{"class":61},[55,45455,539],{"class":91},[55,45457,45359],{"class":1210},[55,45459,45460,45462,45464],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45461,45364],{"class":61},[55,45463,539],{"class":91},[55,45465,2350],{"class":1210},[55,45467,45468],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45469,45470],{"class":1210},"23\n",[20,45472,45473,45474,45477,45478,92],{},"That happens because ",[15,45475,45476],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45479,45480],{},"\"23\"",[44688,45482],{},[131,45484,45486],{"id":45485},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45488,45489,45490,92],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45491,537],{},[1003,45493,4486,45495,41316],{"id":45494},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45496,537],{},[20,45498,38971],{},[46,45500,45502],{"className":48,"code":45501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45503,45504,45522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45505,45506,45508,45510,45512,45514,45516,45518,45520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45507,2218],{"class":61},[55,45509,66],{"class":65},[55,45511,553],{"class":105},[55,45513,109],{"class":91},[55,45515,228],{"class":69},[55,45517,41644],{"class":73},[55,45519,228],{"class":69},[55,45521,342],{"class":91},[55,45523,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45534],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45525,106],{"class":105},[55,45527,109],{"class":91},[55,45529,1266],{"class":1265},[55,45531,109],{"class":91},[55,45533,2245],{"class":95},[55,45535,1273],{"class":91},[20,45537,357],{},[46,45539,45541],{"className":48,"code":45540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45542,45543],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45544,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553,45555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45546,3066],{"class":65},[55,45548,3069],{"class":1838},[55,45550,3072],{"class":69},[55,45552,3220],{"class":73},[55,45554,3077],{"class":69},[55,45556,3080],{"class":65},[20,45558,45559],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1003,45561,45563],{"id":45562},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45565,45566],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[46,45568,45570],{"className":48,"code":45569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45571,45572,45590,45609],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45573,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582,45584,45586,45588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45575,2327],{"class":61},[55,45577,66],{"class":65},[55,45579,553],{"class":105},[55,45581,109],{"class":91},[55,45583,228],{"class":69},[55,45585,41644],{"class":73},[55,45587,228],{"class":69},[55,45589,342],{"class":91},[55,45591,45592,45594,45596,45598,45600,45602,45605,45607],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45593,2355],{"class":61},[55,45595,66],{"class":65},[55,45597,553],{"class":105},[55,45599,109],{"class":91},[55,45601,228],{"class":69},[55,45603,45604],{"class":73},"Enter another number: ",[55,45606,228],{"class":69},[55,45608,342],{"class":91},[55,45610,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45612,106],{"class":105},[55,45614,109],{"class":91},[55,45616,2327],{"class":95},[55,45618,1832],{"class":65},[55,45620,2332],{"class":95},[55,45622,342],{"class":91},[20,45624,40894,45625,1377,45627,45629,45630,18741,45633,92],{},[15,45626,2277],{},[15,45628,1911],{},", the result is ",[15,45631,45632],{},"45",[15,45634,1919],{},[1003,45636,45638,45639,45641,45642],{"id":45637},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45640,40477],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45643,2650],{},[20,45645,214],{},[46,45647,45649],{"className":48,"code":45648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45650,45651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45652,45653,45655,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45654,21405],{"class":61},[55,45656,66],{"class":65},[55,45658,45046],{"class":1265},[55,45660,109],{"class":91},[55,45662,42236],{"class":105},[55,45664,109],{"class":91},[55,45666,228],{"class":69},[55,45668,44950],{"class":73},[55,45670,228],{"class":69},[55,45672,1273],{"class":91},[20,45674,8053,45675,45678,45679,92],{},[15,45676,45677],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45680,40477],{},[20,45682,45683,45684,92],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[166,45685,45687],{"href":45686},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1003,45689,45691],{"id":45690},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45693,45694],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[46,45696,45698],{"className":48,"code":45697,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45699,45700,45718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45701,45702,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712,45714,45716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45703,254],{"class":61},[55,45705,66],{"class":65},[55,45707,553],{"class":105},[55,45709,109],{"class":91},[55,45711,228],{"class":69},[55,45713,44658],{"class":73},[55,45715,228],{"class":69},[55,45717,342],{"class":91},[55,45719,45720,45722,45724,45726,45728,45730],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45721,106],{"class":105},[55,45723,109],{"class":91},[55,45725,41552],{"class":105},[55,45727,109],{"class":91},[55,45729,273],{"class":95},[55,45731,1273],{"class":91},[20,45733,45734],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45736,45737,45738,539],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45739,45740],{},".strip()",[46,45742,45744],{"className":48,"code":45743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45745,45746,45768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45747,45748,45750,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764,45766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45749,254],{"class":61},[55,45751,66],{"class":65},[55,45753,553],{"class":105},[55,45755,109],{"class":91},[55,45757,228],{"class":69},[55,45759,44658],{"class":73},[55,45761,228],{"class":69},[55,45763,8414],{"class":91},[55,45765,854],{"class":95},[55,45767,99],{"class":91},[55,45769,45770,45772,45774,45776],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45771,106],{"class":105},[55,45773,109],{"class":91},[55,45775,273],{"class":95},[55,45777,342],{"class":91},[44688,45779],{},[131,45781,45783],{"id":45782},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45785,45786,45787,45789],{},"These habits make ",[15,45788,537],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45791,45792,45795,45800,45803],{},[33,45793,45794],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45796,1866,45797,45799],{},[15,45798,45740],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45801,45802],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45804,1866,45805,45807],{},[15,45806,29553],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45809,45810,45811,539],{},"Example with ",[15,45812,45740],{},[46,45814,45816],{"className":48,"code":45815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45817,45818,45842],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45819,45820,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831,45834,45836,45838,45840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45821,45822],{"class":61},"city ",[55,45824,66],{"class":65},[55,45826,553],{"class":105},[55,45828,109],{"class":91},[55,45830,228],{"class":69},[55,45832,45833],{"class":73},"Enter your city: ",[55,45835,228],{"class":69},[55,45837,8414],{"class":91},[55,45839,854],{"class":95},[55,45841,99],{"class":91},[55,45843,45844,45846,45848,45850,45853,45855,45857,45859],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45845,106],{"class":105},[55,45847,109],{"class":91},[55,45849,228],{"class":69},[55,45851,45852],{"class":73},"City:",[55,45854,228],{"class":69},[55,45856,2764],{"class":91},[55,45858,31157],{"class":95},[55,45860,342],{"class":91},[20,45862,45810,45863,539],{},[15,45864,29553],{},[46,45866,45868],{"className":48,"code":45867,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45869,45870,45876,45899,45931,45939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45871,45872,45874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45873,29575],{"class":487},[55,45875,511],{"class":91},[55,45877,45878,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895,45897],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,45879,45880],{"class":61},"    age ",[55,45882,66],{"class":65},[55,45884,45046],{"class":1265},[55,45886,109],{"class":91},[55,45888,42236],{"class":105},[55,45890,109],{"class":91},[55,45892,228],{"class":69},[55,45894,44950],{"class":73},[55,45896,228],{"class":69},[55,45898,1273],{"class":91},[55,45900,45901,45903,45905,45907,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918,45920,45922,45924,45927,45929],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,45902,516],{"class":105},[55,45904,109],{"class":91},[55,45906,228],{"class":69},[55,45908,45909],{"class":73},"You will be",[55,45911,228],{"class":69},[55,45913,2764],{"class":91},[55,45915,45228],{"class":95},[55,45917,1832],{"class":65},[55,45919,5282],{"class":1210},[55,45921,2764],{"class":91},[55,45923,70],{"class":69},[55,45925,45926],{"class":73},"next year",[55,45928,228],{"class":69},[55,45930,342],{"class":91},[55,45932,45933,45935,45937],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,45934,29606],{"class":487},[55,45936,41699],{"class":1265},[55,45938,511],{"class":91},[55,45940,45941,45943,45945,45947,45950,45952],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,45942,516],{"class":105},[55,45944,109],{"class":91},[55,45946,228],{"class":69},[55,45948,45949],{"class":73},"Please enter a whole number.",[55,45951,228],{"class":69},[55,45953,342],{"class":91},[20,45955,45956],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45958,45959,45960,92],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[166,45961,45963],{"href":45962},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44688,45965],{},[131,45967,1001],{"id":1000},[20,45969,45970,45971,539],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45972,537],{},[30,45974,45975,45982,45985,45988],{},[33,45976,45977,45978,2651,45980],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45979,2650],{},[15,45981,2657],{},[33,45983,45984],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,45986,45987],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,45989,45990],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45992,31855],{},[46,45994,45996],{"className":48,"code":45995,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45997,45998,46008,46022],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45999,46000,46002,46004,46006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46001,106],{"class":105},[55,46003,109],{"class":91},[55,46005,2245],{"class":95},[55,46007,342],{"class":91},[55,46009,46010,46012,46014,46016,46018,46020],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46011,106],{"class":105},[55,46013,109],{"class":91},[55,46015,1266],{"class":1265},[55,46017,109],{"class":91},[55,46019,2245],{"class":95},[55,46021,1273],{"class":91},[55,46023,46024,46026,46028,46030,46032,46034],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46025,106],{"class":105},[55,46027,109],{"class":91},[55,46029,41552],{"class":105},[55,46031,109],{"class":91},[55,46033,2245],{"class":95},[55,46035,1273],{"class":91},[20,46037,46038,46039,46041],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46040,537],{}," actually returned:",[30,46043,46044,46049,46054],{},[33,46045,46046,46048],{},[15,46047,41600],{}," shows the value",[33,46050,46051,46053],{},[15,46052,41606],{}," shows the data type",[33,46055,46056,46058],{},[15,46057,41611],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46060,214],{},[46,46062,46064],{"className":48,"code":46063,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46065,46066,46085,46095,46109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46067,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078,46081,46083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46069,2218],{"class":61},[55,46071,66],{"class":65},[55,46073,553],{"class":105},[55,46075,109],{"class":91},[55,46077,228],{"class":69},[55,46079,46080],{"class":73},"Enter something: ",[55,46082,228],{"class":69},[55,46084,342],{"class":91},[55,46086,46087,46089,46091,46093],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46088,106],{"class":105},[55,46090,109],{"class":91},[55,46092,2245],{"class":95},[55,46094,342],{"class":91},[55,46096,46097,46099,46101,46103,46105,46107],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46098,106],{"class":105},[55,46100,109],{"class":91},[55,46102,1266],{"class":1265},[55,46104,109],{"class":91},[55,46106,2245],{"class":95},[55,46108,1273],{"class":91},[55,46110,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,46112,106],{"class":105},[55,46114,109],{"class":91},[55,46116,41552],{"class":105},[55,46118,109],{"class":91},[55,46120,2245],{"class":95},[55,46122,1273],{"class":91},[44688,46124],{},[131,46126,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,46128,1581,46130,46132],{"id":46129},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46131,537],{}," return an integer?",[20,46134,46135,46136,46138,46139,39702],{},"No. ",[15,46137,537],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46140,2650],{},[1003,46142,46144,46145,1631],{"id":46143},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46146,537],{},[20,46148,46149,46150,46152],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46151,537],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1003,46154,4941,46156,46159,46160,1631],{"id":46155},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46157,46158],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46161,537],{},[20,46163,1373,46164,46166,46167,41928,46169,46171],{},[15,46165,537],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46168,45476],{},[15,46170,45480],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1003,46173,46175],{"id":46174},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46177,1866,46178,46180,46181,92],{},[15,46179,45740],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46182,46183],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44688,46185],{},[131,46187,1643],{"id":1642},[30,46189,46190,46195,46199,46205,46211,46215],{},[33,46191,46192],{},[166,46193,46194],{"href":45962},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46196,46197],{},[166,46198,8837],{"href":8759},[33,46200,46201],{},[166,46202,1686,46203,1689],{"href":2647},[15,46204,2650],{},[33,46206,46207],{},[166,46208,1686,46209,1689],{"href":2654},[15,46210,2657],{},[33,46212,46213],{},[166,46214,45687],{"href":45686},[33,46216,46217],{},[166,46218,1686,46220,1689],{"href":46219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46221,46222],{},"print()",[1696,46224,46225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":46227},[46228,46229,46231,46232,46234,46240,46248,46249,46250,46259],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":44692,"depth":80,"text":46230},"What input() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":44919,"depth":80,"text":46233},"What input() returns",{"id":45122,"depth":80,"text":45123,"children":46235},[46236,46237,46239],{"id":45126,"depth":102,"text":45127},{"id":45179,"depth":102,"text":46238},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45250,"depth":102,"text":45251},{"id":45485,"depth":80,"text":45486,"children":46241},[46242,46244,46245,46247],{"id":45494,"depth":102,"text":46243},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45562,"depth":102,"text":45563},{"id":45637,"depth":102,"text":46246},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45690,"depth":102,"text":45691},{"id":45782,"depth":80,"text":45783},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":46251},[46252,46254,46256,46258],{"id":46129,"depth":102,"text":46253},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46143,"depth":102,"text":46255},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46155,"depth":102,"text":46257},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46174,"depth":102,"text":46175},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41967,"description":46260},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46267,"title":41869,"body":46268,"description":48581,"extension":1733,"meta":48582,"navigation":248,"path":48583,"seo":48584,"stem":48585,"__hash__":48586},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46269,"toc":48533},[46270,46275,46280,46285,46306,46309,46311,46371,46373,46392,46397,46402,46407,46409,46422,46424,46507,46509,46550,46556,46558,46588,46594,46597,46614,46616,46668,46670,46688,46694,46700,46703,46721,46723,46796,46798,46817,46824,46830,46835,46838,46898,46900,46919,46922,46925,46940,46946,46950,47011,47013,47034,47038,47167,47169,47299,47309,47315,47321,47329,47395,47397,47422,47425,47442,47455,47461,47464,47497,47499,47512,47515,47558,47560,47568,47575,47579,47586,47590,47617,47619,47627,47633,47650,47655,47659,47686,47688,47696,47700,47705,47708,47734,47737,47746,47754,47758,47768,47772,47775,47777,47828,47830,47860,47870,47897,47899,47907,47917,47921,47924,47926,47974,47976,48020,48026,48077,48079,48098,48103,48108,48111,48130,48133,48185,48187,48196,48198,48202,48206,48209,48218,48225,48227,48254,48258,48260,48269,48272,48279,48285,48345,48349,48351,48359,48362,48388,48394,48397,48417,48419,48428,48436,48438,48444,48449,48456,48466,48472,48480,48484,48487,48489,48530],[10,46271,1686,46273,3355],{"id":46272},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46274,2650],{},[20,46276,32090,46277,46279],{},[15,46278,2650],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46281,35176,46282,46284],{},[15,46283,2650],{}," when they want to:",[30,46286,46287,46297,46300,46303],{},[33,46288,46289,46290,46293,46294],{},"turn text like ",[15,46291,46292],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46295,46296],{},"42",[33,46298,46299],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46301,46302],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46304,46305],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46307,46308],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[131,46310,1775],{"id":1774},[46,46312,46314],{"className":48,"code":46313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46315,46316,46334,46348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46317,46318,46320,46322,46324,46326,46328,46330,46332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46319,106],{"class":105},[55,46321,109],{"class":91},[55,46323,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46325,109],{"class":91},[55,46327,228],{"class":69},[55,46329,46296],{"class":73},[55,46331,228],{"class":69},[55,46333,1273],{"class":91},[55,46335,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46337,106],{"class":105},[55,46339,109],{"class":91},[55,46341,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46343,109],{"class":91},[55,46345,41757],{"class":1210},[55,46347,1273],{"class":91},[55,46349,46350,46352,46354,46356,46358,46360,46363,46365,46367,46369],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46351,106],{"class":105},[55,46353,109],{"class":91},[55,46355,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46357,109],{"class":91},[55,46359,228],{"class":69},[55,46361,46362],{"class":73},"101",[55,46364,228],{"class":69},[55,46366,2764],{"class":91},[55,46368,2767],{"class":1210},[55,46370,1273],{"class":91},[20,46372,357],{},[46,46374,46376],{"className":48,"code":46375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46377,46378,46383,46388],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46379,46380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46381,46382],{"class":1210},"42\n",[55,46384,46385],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46386,46387],{"class":1210},"3\n",[55,46389,46390],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46391,2720],{"class":1210},[20,46393,1866,46394,46396],{},[15,46395,2650],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[131,46398,134,46400,137],{"id":46399},"what-int-does",[15,46401,2650],{},[20,46403,46404,46406],{},[15,46405,2650],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46408,145],{},[30,46410,46411,46416,46419],{},[33,46412,46413,46414,7125],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46415,1962],{},[33,46417,46418],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46420,46421],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46423,214],{},[46,46425,46427],{"className":48,"code":46426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46428,46429,46441,46455,46459,46469,46479,46493],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46430,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46432,62],{"class":61},[55,46434,66],{"class":65},[55,46436,70],{"class":69},[55,46438,8973],{"class":73},[55,46440,77],{"class":69},[55,46442,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451,46453],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46444,1205],{"class":61},[55,46446,66],{"class":65},[55,46448,45046],{"class":1265},[55,46450,109],{"class":91},[55,46452,352],{"class":95},[55,46454,342],{"class":91},[55,46456,46457],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46458,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,46460,46461,46463,46465,46467],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,46462,106],{"class":105},[55,46464,109],{"class":91},[55,46466,352],{"class":95},[55,46468,342],{"class":91},[55,46470,46471,46473,46475,46477],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,46472,106],{"class":105},[55,46474,109],{"class":91},[55,46476,1220],{"class":95},[55,46478,342],{"class":91},[55,46480,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,46482,106],{"class":105},[55,46484,109],{"class":91},[55,46486,1266],{"class":1265},[55,46488,109],{"class":91},[55,46490,352],{"class":95},[55,46492,1273],{"class":91},[55,46494,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503,46505],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,46496,106],{"class":105},[55,46498,109],{"class":91},[55,46500,1266],{"class":1265},[55,46502,109],{"class":91},[55,46504,1220],{"class":95},[55,46506,1273],{"class":91},[20,46508,357],{},[46,46510,46512],{"className":48,"code":46511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46513,46514,46518,46522,46536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46515,46516],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46517,2482],{"class":1210},[55,46519,46520],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46521,2482],{"class":1210},[55,46523,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532,46534],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46525,3066],{"class":65},[55,46527,3069],{"class":1838},[55,46529,3072],{"class":69},[55,46531,3220],{"class":73},[55,46533,3077],{"class":69},[55,46535,3080],{"class":65},[55,46537,46538,46540,46542,46544,46546,46548],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,46539,3066],{"class":65},[55,46541,3069],{"class":1838},[55,46543,3072],{"class":69},[55,46545,1962],{"class":73},[55,46547,3077],{"class":69},[55,46549,3080],{"class":65},[20,46551,46552,46553,46555],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46554,2650],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[131,46557,178],{"id":177},[46,46559,46561],{"className":48,"code":46560,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46562,46563,46573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46564,46565,46567,46569,46571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46566,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46568,109],{"class":91},[55,46570,1947],{"class":95},[55,46572,342],{"class":91},[55,46574,46575,46577,46579,46581,46583,46586],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46576,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46578,109],{"class":91},[55,46580,1947],{"class":95},[55,46582,2764],{"class":91},[55,46584,46585],{"class":95}," base",[55,46587,342],{"class":91},[1003,46589,46591],{"id":46590},"intx",[15,46592,46593],{},"int(x)",[20,46595,46596],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46598,46599,46604,46609],{},[33,46600,46601,46602],{},"a string such as ",[15,46603,41899],{},[33,46605,46606,46607],{},"a float such as ",[15,46608,41757],{},[33,46610,46611,46612],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46613,3380],{},[20,46615,214],{},[46,46617,46619],{"className":48,"code":46618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46620,46621,46639,46654],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46622,46623,46625,46627,46629,46631,46633,46635,46637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46624,106],{"class":105},[55,46626,109],{"class":91},[55,46628,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46630,109],{"class":91},[55,46632,228],{"class":69},[55,46634,2101],{"class":73},[55,46636,228],{"class":69},[55,46638,1273],{"class":91},[55,46640,46641,46643,46645,46647,46649,46652],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46642,106],{"class":105},[55,46644,109],{"class":91},[55,46646,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46648,109],{"class":91},[55,46650,46651],{"class":1210},"8.7",[55,46653,1273],{"class":91},[55,46655,46656,46658,46660,46662,46664,46666],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46657,106],{"class":105},[55,46659,109],{"class":91},[55,46661,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46663,109],{"class":91},[55,46665,3380],{"class":3631},[55,46667,1273],{"class":91},[20,46669,357],{},[46,46671,46673],{"className":48,"code":46672,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46674,46675,46679,46683],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46676,46677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46678,2147],{"class":1210},[55,46680,46681],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46682,2152],{"class":1210},[55,46684,46685],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46686,46687],{"class":1210},"1\n",[1003,46689,46691],{"id":46690},"intx-base",[15,46692,46693],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46695,46696,46697,46699],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46698,1947],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46701,46702],{},"Common bases:",[30,46704,46705,46710,46715],{},[33,46706,46707,46709],{},[15,46708,1829],{}," for binary",[33,46711,46712,46714],{},[15,46713,2116],{}," for octal",[33,46716,46717,46720],{},[15,46718,46719],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46722,214],{},[46,46724,46726],{"className":48,"code":46725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46727,46728,46750,46773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46729,46730,46732,46734,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744,46746,46748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46731,106],{"class":105},[55,46733,109],{"class":91},[55,46735,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46737,109],{"class":91},[55,46739,228],{"class":69},[55,46741,46362],{"class":73},[55,46743,228],{"class":69},[55,46745,2764],{"class":91},[55,46747,2767],{"class":1210},[55,46749,1273],{"class":91},[55,46751,46752,46754,46756,46758,46760,46762,46765,46767,46769,46771],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46753,106],{"class":105},[55,46755,109],{"class":91},[55,46757,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46759,109],{"class":91},[55,46761,228],{"class":69},[55,46763,46764],{"class":73},"17",[55,46766,228],{"class":69},[55,46768,2764],{"class":91},[55,46770,6146],{"class":1210},[55,46772,1273],{"class":91},[55,46774,46775,46777,46779,46781,46783,46785,46788,46790,46792,46794],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46776,106],{"class":105},[55,46778,109],{"class":91},[55,46780,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46782,109],{"class":91},[55,46784,228],{"class":69},[55,46786,46787],{"class":73},"1A",[55,46789,228],{"class":69},[55,46791,2764],{"class":91},[55,46793,13767],{"class":1210},[55,46795,1273],{"class":91},[20,46797,357],{},[46,46799,46801],{"className":48,"code":46800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46802,46803,46807,46812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46804,46805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46806,2720],{"class":1210},[55,46808,46809],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46810,46811],{"class":1210},"15\n",[55,46813,46814],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46815,46816],{"class":1210},"26\n",[20,46818,46819,46820,92],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[166,46821,46822,538],{"href":2654},[15,46823,2657],{},[131,46825,1185,46827,46829],{"id":46826},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46828,2650],{}," with strings",[20,46831,46832,46834],{},[15,46833,2650],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46836,46837],{},"Examples that work:",[46,46839,46841],{"className":48,"code":46840,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46842,46843,46861,46879],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46844,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46846,106],{"class":105},[55,46848,109],{"class":91},[55,46850,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46852,109],{"class":91},[55,46854,228],{"class":69},[55,46856,1911],{"class":73},[55,46858,228],{"class":69},[55,46860,1273],{"class":91},[55,46862,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46864,106],{"class":105},[55,46866,109],{"class":91},[55,46868,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46870,109],{"class":91},[55,46872,228],{"class":69},[55,46874,2063],{"class":73},[55,46876,228],{"class":69},[55,46878,1273],{"class":91},[55,46880,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891,46894,46896],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46882,106],{"class":105},[55,46884,109],{"class":91},[55,46886,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46888,109],{"class":91},[55,46890,228],{"class":69},[55,46892,46893],{"class":73},"  42  ",[55,46895,228],{"class":69},[55,46897,1273],{"class":91},[20,46899,357],{},[46,46901,46903],{"className":48,"code":46902,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46904,46905,46909,46915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46906,46907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46908,2720],{"class":1210},[55,46910,46911,46913],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46912,1794],{"class":65},[55,46914,1998],{"class":1210},[55,46916,46917],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46918,46382],{"class":1210},[20,46920,46921],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46923,46924],{},"Examples that fail:",[46,46926,46928],{"className":48,"code":46927,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46929,46930,46935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46931,46932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46933,46934],{"class":118},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[55,46936,46937],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46938,46939],{"class":118},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46941,46942,46943,46945],{},"These raise ",[15,46944,40477],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1003,46947,46949],{"id":46948},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[46,46951,46953],{"className":48,"code":46952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46954,46955,46973,46992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46956,46957,46959,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46958,106],{"class":105},[55,46960,109],{"class":91},[55,46962,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46964,109],{"class":91},[55,46966,228],{"class":69},[55,46968,1894],{"class":73},[55,46970,228],{"class":69},[55,46972,1273],{"class":91},[55,46974,46975,46977,46979,46981,46983,46985,46988,46990],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,46976,106],{"class":105},[55,46978,109],{"class":91},[55,46980,1962],{"class":1265},[55,46982,109],{"class":91},[55,46984,228],{"class":69},[55,46986,46987],{"class":73},"+7",[55,46989,228],{"class":69},[55,46991,1273],{"class":91},[55,46993,46994,46996,46998,47000,47002,47004,47007,47009],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,46995,106],{"class":105},[55,46997,109],{"class":91},[55,46999,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47001,109],{"class":91},[55,47003,228],{"class":69},[55,47005,47006],{"class":73},"-100",[55,47008,228],{"class":69},[55,47010,1273],{"class":91},[20,47012,357],{},[46,47014,47016],{"className":48,"code":47015,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47017,47018,47023,47027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47019,47020],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47021,47022],{"class":1210},"0\n",[55,47024,47025],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47026,1853],{"class":1210},[55,47028,47029,47031],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47030,1794],{"class":65},[55,47032,47033],{"class":1210},"100\n",[1003,47035,47037],{"id":47036},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[46,47039,47041],{"className":48,"code":47040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47042,47043,47081,47085,47097,47104,47119,47134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47044,47045,47047,47049,47051,47053,47055,47057,47059,47061,47064,47066,47068,47070,47072,47074,47077,47079],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47046,3601],{"class":61},[55,47048,66],{"class":65},[55,47050,3400],{"class":91},[55,47052,228],{"class":69},[55,47054,39916],{"class":73},[55,47056,228],{"class":69},[55,47058,2764],{"class":91},[55,47060,70],{"class":69},[55,47062,47063],{"class":73},"12abc",[55,47065,228],{"class":69},[55,47067,2764],{"class":91},[55,47069,5912],{"class":69},[55,47071,2764],{"class":91},[55,47073,70],{"class":69},[55,47075,47076],{"class":73},"seven",[55,47078,228],{"class":69},[55,47080,3413],{"class":91},[55,47082,47083],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47084,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,47086,47087,47089,47091,47093,47095],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47088,5743],{"class":487},[55,47090,21362],{"class":61},[55,47092,3662],{"class":487},[55,47094,3665],{"class":61},[55,47096,511],{"class":91},[55,47098,47099,47102],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,47100,47101],{"class":487},"    try",[55,47103,511],{"class":91},[55,47105,47106,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,47107,47108],{"class":105},"        print",[55,47110,109],{"class":91},[55,47112,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47114,109],{"class":91},[55,47116,2245],{"class":95},[55,47118,1273],{"class":91},[55,47120,47121,47124,47126,47129,47132],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,47122,47123],{"class":487},"    except",[55,47125,41699],{"class":1265},[55,47127,47128],{"class":487}," as",[55,47130,47131],{"class":61}," error",[55,47133,511],{"class":91},[55,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47148,47151,47153,47156,47158,47161,47163,47165],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,47137,47108],{"class":105},[55,47139,109],{"class":91},[55,47141,22070],{"class":1838},[55,47143,228],{"class":73},[55,47145,9058],{"class":1210},[55,47147,2245],{"class":95},[55,47149,47150],{"class":1838},"!r",[55,47152,22079],{"class":1210},[55,47154,47155],{"class":73}," -> ",[55,47157,9058],{"class":1210},[55,47159,47160],{"class":95},"error",[55,47162,22079],{"class":1210},[55,47164,228],{"class":73},[55,47166,342],{"class":91},[20,47168,357],{},[46,47170,47172],{"className":48,"code":47171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47173,47174,47210,47242,47267],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47175,47176,47178,47180,47182,47185,47188,47190,47192,47194,47197,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47177,3077],{"class":43101},[55,47179,39916],{"class":43105},[55,47181,3077],{"class":43101},[55,47183,47184],{"class":37138}," ->",[55,47186,47187],{"class":61}," invalid literal ",[55,47189,5743],{"class":487},[55,47191,45046],{"class":1265},[55,47193,498],{"class":91},[55,47195,47196],{"class":487}," with",[55,47198,47199],{"class":61}," base ",[55,47201,2101],{"class":1210},[55,47203,539],{"class":91},[55,47205,3072],{"class":69},[55,47207,39916],{"class":73},[55,47209,29471],{"class":69},[55,47211,47212,47214,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47213,3077],{"class":69},[55,47215,47063],{"class":73},[55,47217,3077],{"class":69},[55,47219,47184],{"class":37138},[55,47221,47187],{"class":61},[55,47223,5743],{"class":487},[55,47225,45046],{"class":1265},[55,47227,498],{"class":91},[55,47229,47196],{"class":487},[55,47231,47199],{"class":61},[55,47233,2101],{"class":1210},[55,47235,539],{"class":91},[55,47237,3072],{"class":69},[55,47239,47063],{"class":73},[55,47241,29471],{"class":69},[55,47243,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47245,3551],{"class":69},[55,47247,47184],{"class":37138},[55,47249,47187],{"class":61},[55,47251,5743],{"class":487},[55,47253,45046],{"class":1265},[55,47255,498],{"class":91},[55,47257,47196],{"class":487},[55,47259,47199],{"class":61},[55,47261,2101],{"class":1210},[55,47263,539],{"class":91},[55,47265,47266],{"class":69}," ''\n",[55,47268,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47297],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,47270,3077],{"class":69},[55,47272,47076],{"class":73},[55,47274,3077],{"class":69},[55,47276,47184],{"class":37138},[55,47278,47187],{"class":61},[55,47280,5743],{"class":487},[55,47282,45046],{"class":1265},[55,47284,498],{"class":91},[55,47286,47196],{"class":487},[55,47288,47199],{"class":61},[55,47290,2101],{"class":1210},[55,47292,539],{"class":91},[55,47294,3072],{"class":69},[55,47296,47076],{"class":73},[55,47298,29471],{"class":69},[20,47300,47301,47302,47304,47305,92],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[166,47303,8760],{"href":8759}," and the ",[166,47306,47307,538],{"href":533},[15,47308,537],{},[131,47310,1185,47312,47314],{"id":47311},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47313,2650],{}," with floats",[20,47316,47317,47318,47320],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47319,2650],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47322,47323,47324,13833,47326,47328],{},"Important: ",[15,47325,2650],{},[123,47327,902],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[46,47330,47332],{"className":48,"code":47331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47333,47334,47348,47363,47379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47335,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47337,106],{"class":105},[55,47339,109],{"class":91},[55,47341,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47343,109],{"class":91},[55,47345,41757],{"class":1210},[55,47347,1273],{"class":91},[55,47349,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47361],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47351,106],{"class":105},[55,47353,109],{"class":91},[55,47355,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47357,109],{"class":91},[55,47359,47360],{"class":1210},"3.1",[55,47362,1273],{"class":91},[55,47364,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47366,106],{"class":105},[55,47368,109],{"class":91},[55,47370,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47372,109],{"class":91},[55,47374,1794],{"class":65},[55,47376,41757],{"class":1210},[55,47378,1273],{"class":91},[55,47380,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,47382,106],{"class":105},[55,47384,109],{"class":91},[55,47386,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47388,109],{"class":91},[55,47390,1794],{"class":65},[55,47392,47360],{"class":1210},[55,47394,1273],{"class":91},[20,47396,357],{},[46,47398,47400],{"className":48,"code":47399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47401,47402,47406,47410,47416],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47403,47404],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47405,46387],{"class":1210},[55,47407,47408],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47409,46387],{"class":1210},[55,47411,47412,47414],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47413,1794],{"class":65},[55,47415,46387],{"class":1210},[55,47417,47418,47420],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,47419,1794],{"class":65},[55,47421,46387],{"class":1210},[20,47423,47424],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47426,47427,47434],{},[33,47428,47429,41928,47432],{},[15,47430,47431],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47433,1835],{},[33,47435,47436,41928,47439],{},[15,47437,47438],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47440,47441],{},"-3",[20,47443,47444,47445,47449,47450,92],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[166,47446,47447],{"href":2654},[15,47448,2657],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[166,47451,47452],{"href":41948},[15,47453,47454],{},"str()",[131,47456,1185,47458,47460],{"id":47457},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47459,2650],{}," with booleans",[20,47462,47463],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[46,47465,47467],{"className":48,"code":47466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47468,47469,47483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47470,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47472,106],{"class":105},[55,47474,109],{"class":91},[55,47476,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47478,109],{"class":91},[55,47480,3380],{"class":3631},[55,47482,1273],{"class":91},[55,47484,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47486,106],{"class":105},[55,47488,109],{"class":91},[55,47490,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47492,109],{"class":91},[55,47494,3452],{"class":3631},[55,47496,1273],{"class":91},[20,47498,357],{},[46,47500,47502],{"className":48,"code":47501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n0\n",[15,47503,47504,47508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47505,47506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47507,46687],{"class":1210},[55,47509,47510],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47511,47022],{"class":1210},[20,47513,47514],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[46,47516,47518],{"className":48,"code":47517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47519,47520,47529,47544,47548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47521,47522,47525,47527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47523,47524],{"class":61},"passed ",[55,47526,66],{"class":65},[55,47528,6208],{"class":3631},[55,47530,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539,47542],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47532,40956],{"class":61},[55,47534,66],{"class":65},[55,47536,45046],{"class":1265},[55,47538,109],{"class":91},[55,47540,47541],{"class":95},"passed",[55,47543,342],{"class":91},[55,47545,47546],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47547,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,47549,47550,47552,47554,47556],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,47551,106],{"class":105},[55,47553,109],{"class":91},[55,47555,40985],{"class":95},[55,47557,342],{"class":91},[20,47559,357],{},[46,47561,47562],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,47563,47564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47565,47566],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47567,46687],{"class":1210},[20,47569,47570,47571,92],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[166,47572,47573,538],{"href":5565},[15,47574,3591],{},[131,47576,47578],{"id":47577},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47580,47581,47582,47585],{},"Use the ",[15,47583,47584],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1003,47587,47589],{"id":47588},"binary-example","Binary example",[46,47591,47593],{"className":48,"code":47592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47594,47595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47596,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47598,106],{"class":105},[55,47600,109],{"class":91},[55,47602,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47604,109],{"class":91},[55,47606,228],{"class":69},[55,47608,46362],{"class":73},[55,47610,228],{"class":69},[55,47612,2764],{"class":91},[55,47614,2767],{"class":1210},[55,47616,1273],{"class":91},[20,47618,357],{},[46,47620,47621],{"className":48,"code":2720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,47622,47623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47624,47625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47626,2720],{"class":1210},[20,47628,47629,47632],{},[15,47630,47631],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47634,47635,47640,47645],{},[33,47636,47637],{},[15,47638,47639],{},"1 × 4",[33,47641,47642],{},[15,47643,47644],{},"0 × 2",[33,47646,47647],{},[15,47648,47649],{},"1 × 1",[20,47651,47652,47653,92],{},"So the result is ",[15,47654,1911],{},[1003,47656,47658],{"id":47657},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[46,47660,47662],{"className":48,"code":47661,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47663,47664],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47665,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682,47684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47667,106],{"class":105},[55,47669,109],{"class":91},[55,47671,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47673,109],{"class":91},[55,47675,228],{"class":69},[55,47677,46787],{"class":73},[55,47679,228],{"class":69},[55,47681,2764],{"class":91},[55,47683,13767],{"class":1210},[55,47685,1273],{"class":91},[20,47687,357],{},[46,47689,47690],{"className":48,"code":46816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,47691,47692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47693,47694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47695,46816],{"class":1210},[1003,47697,47699],{"id":47698},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47701,1750,47702,47704],{},[15,47703,47584],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47706,47707],{},"Good:",[46,47709,47710],{"className":48,"code":47592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,47711,47712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47713,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730,47732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47715,106],{"class":105},[55,47717,109],{"class":91},[55,47719,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47721,109],{"class":91},[55,47723,228],{"class":69},[55,47725,46362],{"class":73},[55,47727,228],{"class":69},[55,47729,2764],{"class":91},[55,47731,2767],{"class":1210},[55,47733,1273],{"class":91},[20,47735,47736],{},"Not correct:",[46,47738,47740],{"className":48,"code":47739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47741,47742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47743,47744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47745,47739],{"class":118},[20,47747,47748,47749,8384,47751,47753],{},"That causes a ",[15,47750,2780],{},[15,47752,47584],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[131,47755,47757],{"id":47756},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47759,47760,47761,47763,47764,1377,47766,92],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47762,2650],{}," are ",[15,47765,40477],{},[15,47767,2780],{},[1003,47769,47770],{"id":41287},[15,47771,40477],{},[20,47773,47774],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47776,214],{},[46,47778,47780],{"className":48,"code":47779,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47781,47782,47788,47806,47818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47783,47784,47786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47785,29575],{"class":487},[55,47787,511],{"class":91},[55,47789,47790,47792,47794,47796,47798,47800,47802,47804],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47791,516],{"class":105},[55,47793,109],{"class":91},[55,47795,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47797,109],{"class":91},[55,47799,228],{"class":69},[55,47801,39916],{"class":73},[55,47803,228],{"class":69},[55,47805,1273],{"class":91},[55,47807,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47809,29606],{"class":487},[55,47811,41699],{"class":1265},[55,47813,47128],{"class":487},[55,47815,47131],{"class":61},[55,47817,511],{"class":91},[55,47819,47820,47822,47824,47826],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,47821,516],{"class":105},[55,47823,109],{"class":91},[55,47825,47160],{"class":95},[55,47827,342],{"class":91},[20,47829,357],{},[46,47831,47833],{"className":48,"code":47832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47834,47835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47836,47837,47840,47842,47844,47846,47848,47850,47852,47854,47856,47858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47838,47839],{"class":61},"invalid literal ",[55,47841,5743],{"class":487},[55,47843,45046],{"class":1265},[55,47845,498],{"class":91},[55,47847,47196],{"class":487},[55,47849,47199],{"class":61},[55,47851,2101],{"class":1210},[55,47853,539],{"class":91},[55,47855,3072],{"class":69},[55,47857,39916],{"class":73},[55,47859,29471],{"class":69},[20,47861,47862,47863,47866,47867,47869],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47864,47865],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47868,2650],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[46,47871,47873],{"className":48,"code":47872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47874,47875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47876,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887,47889,47891,47893,47895],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47878,106],{"class":105},[55,47880,109],{"class":91},[55,47882,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47884,109],{"class":91},[55,47886,1966],{"class":1265},[55,47888,109],{"class":91},[55,47890,228],{"class":69},[55,47892,39916],{"class":73},[55,47894,228],{"class":69},[55,47896,2685],{"class":91},[20,47898,357],{},[46,47900,47901],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,47902,47903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47904,47905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47906,46387],{"class":1210},[20,47908,47909,47910,1377,47913,92],{},"If you see this often, read ",[166,47911,47912],{"href":2734},"how to convert string to int in Python",[166,47914,25454,47915],{"href":45686},[15,47916,45687],{},[1003,47918,47919],{"id":41353},[15,47920,2780],{},[20,47922,47923],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47925,214],{},[46,47927,47929],{"className":48,"code":47928,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47930,47931,47937,47951,47964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47932,47933,47935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47934,29575],{"class":487},[55,47936,511],{"class":91},[55,47938,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947,47949],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,47940,516],{"class":105},[55,47942,109],{"class":91},[55,47944,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47946,109],{"class":91},[55,47948,3556],{"class":3631},[55,47950,1273],{"class":91},[55,47952,47953,47955,47958,47960,47962],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,47954,29606],{"class":487},[55,47956,47957],{"class":1265}," TypeError",[55,47959,47128],{"class":487},[55,47961,47131],{"class":61},[55,47963,511],{"class":91},[55,47965,47966,47968,47970,47972],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,47967,516],{"class":105},[55,47969,109],{"class":91},[55,47971,47160],{"class":95},[55,47973,342],{"class":91},[20,47975,357],{},[46,47977,47979],{"className":48,"code":47978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47980,47981],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47982,47983,47985,47987,47990,47992,47994,47997,47999,48002,48004,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015,48018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47984,1962],{"class":1265},[55,47986,498],{"class":91},[55,47988,47989],{"class":61}," argument must be a string",[55,47991,2764],{"class":91},[55,47993,44316],{"class":61},[55,47995,47996],{"class":1265},"bytes",[55,47998,1794],{"class":65},[55,48000,48001],{"class":61},"like ",[55,48003,42172],{"class":1265},[55,48005,48006],{"class":65}," or",[55,48008,40613],{"class":61},[55,48010,2764],{"class":91},[55,48012,7883],{"class":65},[55,48014,3072],{"class":69},[55,48016,48017],{"class":73},"NoneType",[55,48019,29471],{"class":69},[20,48021,48022,48023,48025],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48024,47584],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[46,48027,48029],{"className":48,"code":48028,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48030,48031,48037,48055,48067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48032,48033,48035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48034,29575],{"class":487},[55,48036,511],{"class":91},[55,48038,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48040,516],{"class":105},[55,48042,109],{"class":91},[55,48044,1962],{"class":1265},[55,48046,109],{"class":91},[55,48048,46362],{"class":1210},[55,48050,2764],{"class":91},[55,48052,2767],{"class":1210},[55,48054,1273],{"class":91},[55,48056,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,48058,29606],{"class":487},[55,48060,47957],{"class":1265},[55,48062,47128],{"class":487},[55,48064,47131],{"class":61},[55,48066,511],{"class":91},[55,48068,48069,48071,48073,48075],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,48070,516],{"class":105},[55,48072,109],{"class":91},[55,48074,47160],{"class":95},[55,48076,342],{"class":91},[20,48078,357],{},[46,48080,48082],{"className":48,"code":48081,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48083,48084],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48085,48086,48088,48090,48093,48095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48087,1962],{"class":1265},[55,48089,498],{"class":91},[55,48091,48092],{"class":61}," can",[55,48094,3077],{"class":69},[55,48096,48097],{"class":73},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[131,48099,4744,48101],{"id":48100},"when-to-use-int",[15,48102,2650],{},[20,48104,1866,48105,48107],{},[15,48106,2650],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48109,48110],{},"Common uses:",[30,48112,48113,48119,48122,48125],{},[33,48114,48115,48116,48118],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48117,537],{}," into integers",[33,48120,48121],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48123,48124],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48126,48127,48128,36386],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48129,47584],{},[20,48131,48132],{},"Example with user input:",[46,48134,48136],{"className":48,"code":48135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48137,48138,48152,48167,48171],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48139,48140,48143,48145,48147,48150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48141,48142],{"class":61},"age_text ",[55,48144,66],{"class":65},[55,48146,70],{"class":69},[55,48148,48149],{"class":73},"18",[55,48151,77],{"class":69},[55,48153,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48165],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48155,21405],{"class":61},[55,48157,66],{"class":65},[55,48159,45046],{"class":1265},[55,48161,109],{"class":91},[55,48163,48164],{"class":95},"age_text",[55,48166,342],{"class":91},[55,48168,48169],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,48170,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,48172,48173,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,48174,106],{"class":105},[55,48176,109],{"class":91},[55,48178,21405],{"class":95},[55,48180,1832],{"class":65},[55,48182,5282],{"class":1210},[55,48184,342],{"class":91},[20,48186,357],{},[46,48188,48190],{"className":48,"code":48189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"19\n",[15,48191,48192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48193,48194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48195,48189],{"class":1210},[131,48197,1001],{"id":1000},[20,48199,14513,48200,92],{},[15,48201,2650],{},[1003,48203,48205],{"id":48204},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48207,48208],{},"This fails:",[46,48210,48212],{"className":48,"code":48211,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48213,48214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48215,48216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48217,48211],{"class":118},[20,48219,48220,48221,48224],{},"Why: ",[15,48222,48223],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48226,18618],{},[46,48228,48230],{"className":48,"code":48229,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48231,48232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48233,48234,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246,48248,48250,48252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48235,106],{"class":105},[55,48237,109],{"class":91},[55,48239,1962],{"class":1265},[55,48241,109],{"class":91},[55,48243,1966],{"class":1265},[55,48245,109],{"class":91},[55,48247,228],{"class":69},[55,48249,40897],{"class":73},[55,48251,228],{"class":69},[55,48253,2685],{"class":91},[1003,48255,48257],{"id":48256},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48259,48208],{},[46,48261,48263],{"className":48,"code":48262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48264,48265],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48266,48267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48268,48262],{"class":118},[20,48270,48271],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1003,48273,48275,48276],{"id":48274},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48277,48278],{},"int(None)",[20,48280,48281,48282,48284],{},"This fails because ",[15,48283,3556],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[46,48286,48288],{"className":48,"code":48287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48289,48290,48299,48303,48309,48323,48335],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48291,48292,48294,48296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48293,2218],{"class":61},[55,48295,66],{"class":65},[55,48297,48298],{"class":3631}," None\n",[55,48300,48301],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48302,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,48304,48305,48307],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,48306,29575],{"class":487},[55,48308,511],{"class":91},[55,48310,48311,48313,48315,48317,48319,48321],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,48312,516],{"class":105},[55,48314,109],{"class":91},[55,48316,1962],{"class":1265},[55,48318,109],{"class":91},[55,48320,2245],{"class":95},[55,48322,1273],{"class":91},[55,48324,48325,48327,48329,48331,48333],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,48326,29606],{"class":487},[55,48328,47957],{"class":1265},[55,48330,47128],{"class":487},[55,48332,47131],{"class":61},[55,48334,511],{"class":91},[55,48336,48337,48339,48341,48343],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,48338,516],{"class":105},[55,48340,109],{"class":91},[55,48342,47160],{"class":95},[55,48344,342],{"class":91},[1003,48346,48348],{"id":48347},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48350,48208],{},[46,48352,48353],{"className":48,"code":47739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48354,48355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48356,48357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48358,47739],{"class":118},[20,48360,48361],{},"Use a string instead:",[46,48363,48364],{"className":48,"code":47592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48365,48366],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48367,48368,48370,48372,48374,48376,48378,48380,48382,48384,48386],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48369,106],{"class":105},[55,48371,109],{"class":91},[55,48373,1962],{"class":1265},[55,48375,109],{"class":91},[55,48377,228],{"class":69},[55,48379,46362],{"class":73},[55,48381,228],{"class":69},[55,48383,2764],{"class":91},[55,48385,2767],{"class":1210},[55,48387,1273],{"class":91},[1003,48389,8235,48391,48393],{"id":48390},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48392,2650],{}," to round",[20,48395,48396],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[46,48398,48400],{"className":48,"code":48399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48401,48402],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48403,48404,48406,48408,48410,48412,48415],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48405,106],{"class":105},[55,48407,109],{"class":91},[55,48409,1962],{"class":1265},[55,48411,109],{"class":91},[55,48413,48414],{"class":1210},"4.9",[55,48416,1273],{"class":91},[20,48418,357],{},[46,48420,48422],{"className":48,"code":48421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4\n",[15,48423,48424],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48425,48426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48427,48421],{"class":1210},[20,48429,2945,48430,48432,48433,48435],{},[15,48431,1911],{},", remember that ",[15,48434,2650],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[131,48437,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,48439,1581,48441,48443],{"id":48440},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48442,2650],{}," round numbers?",[20,48445,46135,48446,48448],{},[15,48447,2650],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1003,48450,4941,48452,48455],{"id":48451},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48453,48454],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48457,1373,48458,48460,48461,48463,48464,39702],{},[15,48459,47865],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48462,2657],{}," first, then use ",[15,48465,2650],{},[1003,48467,1603,48469,1606],{"id":48468},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48470,48471],{},"int(True)",[20,48473,4931,48474,28086,48476,41928,48478,92],{},[15,48475,2761],{},[15,48477,3452],{},[15,48479,1894],{},[1003,48481,48483],{"id":48482},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48485,48486],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[131,48488,1643],{"id":1642},[30,48490,48491,48497,48503,48509,48514,48518,48524],{},[33,48492,48493],{},[166,48494,48495,1689],{"href":2654},[15,48496,2657],{},[33,48498,48499],{},[166,48500,48501,1689],{"href":41948},[15,48502,47454],{},[33,48504,48505],{},[166,48506,48507,1689],{"href":5565},[15,48508,3591],{},[33,48510,48511],{},[166,48512,48513],{"href":2734},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48515,48516],{},[166,48517,8837],{"href":8759},[33,48519,48520],{},[166,48521,48522,1689],{"href":533},[15,48523,537],{},[33,48525,48526],{},[166,48527,30119,48528],{"href":45686},[15,48529,45687],{},[1696,48531,48532],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":48534},[48535,48536,48538,48542,48547,48549,48551,48556,48560,48562,48571,48580],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":46399,"depth":80,"text":48537},"What int() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":48539},[48540,48541],{"id":46590,"depth":102,"text":46593},{"id":46690,"depth":102,"text":46693},{"id":46826,"depth":80,"text":48543,"children":48544},"Using int() with strings",[48545,48546],{"id":46948,"depth":102,"text":46949},{"id":47036,"depth":102,"text":47037},{"id":47311,"depth":80,"text":48548},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47457,"depth":80,"text":48550},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47577,"depth":80,"text":47578,"children":48552},[48553,48554,48555],{"id":47588,"depth":102,"text":47589},{"id":47657,"depth":102,"text":47658},{"id":47698,"depth":102,"text":47699},{"id":47756,"depth":80,"text":47757,"children":48557},[48558,48559],{"id":41287,"depth":102,"text":40477},{"id":41353,"depth":102,"text":2780},{"id":48100,"depth":80,"text":48561},"When to use int()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":48563},[48564,48565,48566,48568,48569],{"id":48204,"depth":102,"text":48205},{"id":48256,"depth":102,"text":48257},{"id":48274,"depth":102,"text":48567},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48347,"depth":102,"text":48348},{"id":48390,"depth":102,"text":48570},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":48572},[48573,48575,48577,48579],{"id":48440,"depth":102,"text":48574},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48451,"depth":102,"text":48576},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48468,"depth":102,"text":48578},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48482,"depth":102,"text":48483},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41869,"description":48581},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48588,"title":48589,"body":48590,"description":50426,"extension":1733,"meta":50427,"navigation":248,"path":44574,"seo":50428,"stem":50429,"__hash__":50430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48591,"toc":50382},[48592,48597,48602,48610,48619,48621,48680,48686,48691,48696,48699,48727,48730,48733,48744,48754,48756,48758,48778,48782,48810,48812,48851,48853,48861,48863,48866,48870,48923,48925,48937,48941,48998,49000,49012,49018,49024,49028,49031,49034,49100,49102,49114,49120,49122,49174,49177,49218,49221,49228,49237,49243,49246,49279,49285,49288,49319,49325,49328,49340,49344,49349,49353,49511,49513,49528,49531,49535,49639,49641,49658,49662,49723,49725,49733,49736,49740,49807,49809,49818,49824,49826,49835,49837,49872,49877,49879,49909,49913,49915,49952,49955,49957,49994,50000,50002,50052,50054,50062,50072,50078,50082,50087,50136,50138,50151,50154,50156,50159,50234,50237,50256,50259,50289,50299,50301,50306,50313,50319,50325,50332,50340,50346,50349,50351,50379],[10,48593,1686,48595,3355],{"id":48594},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48596,44577],{},[20,48598,48599,48601],{},[15,48600,44577],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48603,48604,48605,2651,48607,48609],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48606,3380],{},[15,48608,3452],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48611,48612,48613,48615,48616,48618],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48614,44577],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48617,2073],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[131,48620,3385],{"id":3384},[46,48622,48624],{"className":48,"code":48623,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48625,48626,48634,48638,48659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48627,48628,48630,48632],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48629,2218],{"class":61},[55,48631,66],{"class":65},[55,48633,2360],{"class":1210},[55,48635,48636],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48637,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,48639,48640,48642,48644,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,48641,106],{"class":105},[55,48643,109],{"class":91},[55,48645,48646],{"class":105},"isinstance",[55,48648,109],{"class":91},[55,48650,2245],{"class":95},[55,48652,2764],{"class":91},[55,48654,45046],{"class":1265},[55,48656,5145],{"class":91},[55,48658,43627],{"class":118},[55,48660,48661,48663,48665,48667,48669,48671,48673,48676,48678],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,48662,106],{"class":105},[55,48664,109],{"class":91},[55,48666,48646],{"class":105},[55,48668,109],{"class":91},[55,48670,2245],{"class":95},[55,48672,2764],{"class":91},[55,48674,48675],{"class":1265}," str",[55,48677,5145],{"class":91},[55,48679,43644],{"class":118},[20,48681,1866,48682,48685],{},[15,48683,48684],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[131,48687,134,48689,137],{"id":48688},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48690,44577],{},[20,48692,48693,48695],{},[15,48694,44577],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48697,48698],{},"It:",[30,48700,48701,48704,48710,48713],{},[33,48702,48703],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48705,11204,48706,2651,48708],{},[15,48707,3380],{},[15,48709,3452],{},[33,48711,48712],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48714,48715,48716,1963,48718,1963,48720,1963,48722,16850,48725],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48717,3220],{},[15,48719,1962],{},[15,48721,7877],{},[15,48723,48724],{},"tuple",[15,48726,8600],{},[20,48728,48729],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48731,48732],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48734,48735,48738,48741],{},[33,48736,48737],{},"loop through a list",[33,48739,48740],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48742,48743],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48745,48746,48747,2651,48750,92],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[166,48748,44569],{"href":48749},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[166,48751,48753],{"href":48752},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[131,48755,178],{"id":177},[20,48757,181],{},[46,48759,48761],{"className":48,"code":48760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48762,48763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48764,48765,48767,48769,48771,48773,48776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48766,48646],{"class":105},[55,48768,109],{"class":91},[55,48770,42172],{"class":1265},[55,48772,2764],{"class":91},[55,48774,48775],{"class":95}," classinfo",[55,48777,342],{"class":91},[1003,48779,48781],{"id":48780},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48783,48784,48789,48803],{},[33,48785,48786,48788],{},[15,48787,42172],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48790,48791,48794,48795,1963,48797,1963,48799,1967,48801],{},[15,48792,48793],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48796,1962],{},[15,48798,3220],{},[15,48800,7877],{},[15,48802,8600],{},[33,48804,48805,48806,2651,48808],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48807,3380],{},[15,48809,3452],{},[20,48811,214],{},[46,48813,48815],{"className":48,"code":48814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48816,48817,48829,48833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48818,48819,48821,48823,48825,48827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48820,254],{"class":61},[55,48822,66],{"class":65},[55,48824,70],{"class":69},[55,48826,11288],{"class":73},[55,48828,77],{"class":69},[55,48830,48831],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48832,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,48834,48835,48837,48839,48841,48843,48845,48847,48849],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,48836,106],{"class":105},[55,48838,109],{"class":91},[55,48840,48646],{"class":105},[55,48842,109],{"class":91},[55,48844,273],{"class":95},[55,48846,2764],{"class":91},[55,48848,48675],{"class":1265},[55,48850,1273],{"class":91},[20,48852,357],{},[46,48854,48855],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48856,48857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48858,48859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48860,3760],{"class":3631},[131,48862,286],{"id":285},[20,48864,48865],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1003,48867,48869],{"id":48868},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[46,48871,48873],{"className":48,"code":48872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48874,48875,48883,48887,48905],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48876,48877,48879,48881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48878,2218],{"class":61},[55,48880,66],{"class":65},[55,48882,44995],{"class":1210},[55,48884,48885],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48886,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,48888,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901,48903],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,48890,106],{"class":105},[55,48892,109],{"class":91},[55,48894,48646],{"class":105},[55,48896,109],{"class":91},[55,48898,2245],{"class":95},[55,48900,2764],{"class":91},[55,48902,45046],{"class":1265},[55,48904,1273],{"class":91},[55,48906,48907,48909,48911,48913,48915,48917,48919,48921],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,48908,106],{"class":105},[55,48910,109],{"class":91},[55,48912,48646],{"class":105},[55,48914,109],{"class":91},[55,48916,2245],{"class":95},[55,48918,2764],{"class":91},[55,48920,48675],{"class":1265},[55,48922,1273],{"class":91},[20,48924,357],{},[46,48926,48927],{"className":48,"code":43946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,48928,48929,48933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48930,48931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48932,3760],{"class":3631},[55,48934,48935],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48936,3821],{"class":3631},[1003,48938,48940],{"id":48939},"check-text","Check text",[46,48942,48944],{"className":48,"code":48943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48945,48946,48958,48962,48980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48947,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48949,62],{"class":61},[55,48951,66],{"class":65},[55,48953,70],{"class":69},[55,48955,3624],{"class":73},[55,48957,77],{"class":69},[55,48959,48960],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,48961,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,48963,48964,48966,48968,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,48965,106],{"class":105},[55,48967,109],{"class":91},[55,48969,48646],{"class":105},[55,48971,109],{"class":91},[55,48973,352],{"class":95},[55,48975,2764],{"class":91},[55,48977,48675],{"class":1265},[55,48979,1273],{"class":91},[55,48981,48982,48984,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994,48996],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,48983,106],{"class":105},[55,48985,109],{"class":91},[55,48987,48646],{"class":105},[55,48989,109],{"class":91},[55,48991,352],{"class":95},[55,48993,2764],{"class":91},[55,48995,45046],{"class":1265},[55,48997,1273],{"class":91},[20,48999,357],{},[46,49001,49002],{"className":48,"code":43946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49003,49004,49008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49005,49006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49007,3760],{"class":3631},[55,49009,49010],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49011,3821],{"class":3631},[20,49013,49014,49015,49017],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49016,44577],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49019,49020,49021,92],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[166,49022,49023],{"href":2734},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[131,49025,49027],{"id":49026},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49029,49030],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49032,49033],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[46,49035,49037],{"className":48,"code":49036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49038,49039,49048,49052,49076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49040,49041,49043,49045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49042,2218],{"class":61},[55,49044,66],{"class":65},[55,49046,49047],{"class":1210}," 3.5\n",[55,49049,49050],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49051,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,49053,49054,49056,49058,49060,49062,49064,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,49055,106],{"class":105},[55,49057,109],{"class":91},[55,49059,48646],{"class":105},[55,49061,109],{"class":91},[55,49063,2245],{"class":95},[55,49065,2764],{"class":91},[55,49067,9016],{"class":91},[55,49069,1962],{"class":1265},[55,49071,2764],{"class":91},[55,49073,40028],{"class":1265},[55,49075,2685],{"class":91},[55,49077,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,49079,106],{"class":105},[55,49081,109],{"class":91},[55,49083,48646],{"class":105},[55,49085,109],{"class":91},[55,49087,2245],{"class":95},[55,49089,2764],{"class":91},[55,49091,9016],{"class":91},[55,49093,3220],{"class":1265},[55,49095,2764],{"class":91},[55,49097,22336],{"class":1265},[55,49099,2685],{"class":91},[20,49101,357],{},[46,49103,49104],{"className":48,"code":43946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49105,49106,49110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49107,49108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49109,3760],{"class":3631},[55,49111,49112],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49113,3821],{"class":3631},[20,49115,49116,49117,49119],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49118,40610],{}," conditions.",[20,49121,8080],{},[46,49123,49125],{"className":48,"code":49124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49126,49127,49135,49139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49128,49129,49131,49133],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49130,2218],{"class":61},[55,49132,66],{"class":65},[55,49134,49047],{"class":1210},[55,49136,49137],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49138,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,49140,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49162,49164,49166,49168,49170,49172],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,49142,106],{"class":105},[55,49144,109],{"class":91},[55,49146,1266],{"class":1265},[55,49148,109],{"class":91},[55,49150,2245],{"class":95},[55,49152,115],{"class":91},[55,49154,501],{"class":65},[55,49156,45046],{"class":1265},[55,49158,48006],{"class":487},[55,49160,49161],{"class":1265}," type",[55,49163,109],{"class":91},[55,49165,2245],{"class":95},[55,49167,115],{"class":91},[55,49169,501],{"class":65},[55,49171,40028],{"class":1265},[55,49173,342],{"class":91},[20,49175,49176],{},"you can write this:",[46,49178,49180],{"className":48,"code":49179,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49181,49182,49190,49194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49183,49184,49186,49188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49185,2218],{"class":61},[55,49187,66],{"class":65},[55,49189,49047],{"class":1210},[55,49191,49192],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49193,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,49195,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,49197,106],{"class":105},[55,49199,109],{"class":91},[55,49201,48646],{"class":105},[55,49203,109],{"class":91},[55,49205,2245],{"class":95},[55,49207,2764],{"class":91},[55,49209,9016],{"class":91},[55,49211,1962],{"class":1265},[55,49213,2764],{"class":91},[55,49215,40028],{"class":1265},[55,49217,2685],{"class":91},[20,49219,49220],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[131,49222,49224,1477,49226],{"id":49223},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49225,44577],{},[15,49227,2073],{},[20,49229,10371,49230,1377,49232,49236],{},[15,49231,44577],{},[166,49233,49234],{"href":2070},[15,49235,2073],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1003,49238,49240],{"id":49239},"typevalue-int",[15,49241,49242],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49244,49245],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[46,49247,49249],{"className":48,"code":49248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49250,49251,49259],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49252,49253,49255,49257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49254,2218],{"class":61},[55,49256,66],{"class":65},[55,49258,2360],{"class":1210},[55,49260,49261,49263,49265,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49262,106],{"class":105},[55,49264,109],{"class":91},[55,49266,1266],{"class":1265},[55,49268,109],{"class":91},[55,49270,2245],{"class":95},[55,49272,115],{"class":91},[55,49274,501],{"class":65},[55,49276,45046],{"class":1265},[55,49278,342],{"class":91},[1003,49280,49282],{"id":49281},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49283,49284],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49286,49287],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[46,49289,49291],{"className":48,"code":49290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49292,49293,49301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49294,49295,49297,49299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49296,2218],{"class":61},[55,49298,66],{"class":65},[55,49300,2360],{"class":1210},[55,49302,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49304,106],{"class":105},[55,49306,109],{"class":91},[55,49308,48646],{"class":105},[55,49310,109],{"class":91},[55,49312,2245],{"class":95},[55,49314,2764],{"class":91},[55,49316,45046],{"class":1265},[55,49318,1273],{"class":91},[20,49320,49321,49322,49324],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49323,44577],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49326,49327],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49329,49330,49335],{},[33,49331,39763,49332,49334],{},[15,49333,2073],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49336,39763,49337,49339],{},[15,49338,44577],{}," when you want a practical type check",[131,49341,49343],{"id":49342},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49345,49346,49347,92],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49348,44577],{},[1003,49350,49352],{"id":49351},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[46,49354,49356],{"className":48,"code":49355,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49357,49358,49376,49395,49407,49412,49430,49441,49445,49457,49461,49485],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49359,49360,49362,49365,49367,49369,49371,49374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49361,34621],{"class":1838},[55,49363,49364],{"class":34624}," repeat_text",[55,49366,109],{"class":91},[55,49368,352],{"class":37434},[55,49370,2764],{"class":91},[55,49372,49373],{"class":37434}," count",[55,49375,8124],{"class":91},[55,49377,49378,49380,49382,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49379,6184],{"class":487},[55,49381,7883],{"class":65},[55,49383,49384],{"class":105}," isinstance",[55,49386,109],{"class":91},[55,49388,352],{"class":95},[55,49390,2764],{"class":91},[55,49392,48675],{"class":1265},[55,49394,8124],{"class":91},[55,49396,49397,49400,49402,49405],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,49398,49399],{"class":487},"        return",[55,49401,70],{"class":69},[55,49403,49404],{"class":73},"text must be a string",[55,49406,77],{"class":69},[55,49408,49409],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,49410,49411],{"class":61},"    \n",[55,49413,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,49415,6184],{"class":487},[55,49417,7883],{"class":65},[55,49419,49384],{"class":105},[55,49421,109],{"class":91},[55,49423,41033],{"class":95},[55,49425,2764],{"class":91},[55,49427,45046],{"class":1265},[55,49429,8124],{"class":91},[55,49431,49432,49434,49436,49439],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,49433,49399],{"class":487},[55,49435,70],{"class":69},[55,49437,49438],{"class":73},"count must be an integer",[55,49440,77],{"class":69},[55,49442,49443],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,49444,49411],{"class":61},[55,49446,49447,49449,49452,49454],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,49448,34632],{"class":487},[55,49450,49451],{"class":61}," text ",[55,49453,39645],{"class":65},[55,49455,49456],{"class":61}," count\n",[55,49458,49459],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,49460,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,49462,49463,49465,49467,49470,49472,49474,49477,49479,49481,49483],{"class":57,"line":6222},[55,49464,106],{"class":105},[55,49466,109],{"class":91},[55,49468,49469],{"class":95},"repeat_text",[55,49471,109],{"class":91},[55,49473,228],{"class":69},[55,49475,49476],{"class":73},"Hi ",[55,49478,228],{"class":69},[55,49480,2764],{"class":91},[55,49482,2223],{"class":1210},[55,49484,1273],{"class":91},[55,49486,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509],{"class":57,"line":11374},[55,49488,106],{"class":105},[55,49490,109],{"class":91},[55,49492,49469],{"class":95},[55,49494,109],{"class":91},[55,49496,228],{"class":69},[55,49498,49476],{"class":73},[55,49500,228],{"class":69},[55,49502,2764],{"class":91},[55,49504,70],{"class":69},[55,49506,1835],{"class":73},[55,49508,228],{"class":69},[55,49510,1273],{"class":91},[20,49512,357],{},[46,49514,49516],{"className":48,"code":49515,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49517,49518,49523],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49519,49520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49521,49522],{"class":61},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[55,49524,49525],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49526,49527],{"class":61},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49529,49530],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1003,49532,49534],{"id":49533},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[46,49536,49538],{"className":48,"code":49537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49539,49540,49572,49576,49592,49607,49624],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49541,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49543,2218],{"class":61},[55,49545,66],{"class":65},[55,49547,3400],{"class":91},[55,49549,228],{"class":69},[55,49551,166],{"class":73},[55,49553,228],{"class":69},[55,49555,2764],{"class":91},[55,49557,70],{"class":69},[55,49559,4543],{"class":73},[55,49561,228],{"class":69},[55,49563,2764],{"class":91},[55,49565,70],{"class":69},[55,49567,9520],{"class":73},[55,49569,228],{"class":69},[55,49571,3413],{"class":91},[55,49573,49574],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49575,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,49577,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,49579,488],{"class":487},[55,49581,49384],{"class":105},[55,49583,109],{"class":91},[55,49585,2245],{"class":95},[55,49587,2764],{"class":91},[55,49589,48675],{"class":1265},[55,49591,8124],{"class":91},[55,49593,49594,49596,49598,49600,49603,49605],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,49595,516],{"class":105},[55,49597,109],{"class":91},[55,49599,228],{"class":69},[55,49601,49602],{"class":73},"This is text",[55,49604,228],{"class":69},[55,49606,342],{"class":91},[55,49608,49609,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,49610,49611],{"class":487},"elif",[55,49613,49384],{"class":105},[55,49615,109],{"class":91},[55,49617,2245],{"class":95},[55,49619,2764],{"class":91},[55,49621,22336],{"class":1265},[55,49623,8124],{"class":91},[55,49625,49626,49628,49630,49632,49635,49637],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,49627,516],{"class":105},[55,49629,109],{"class":91},[55,49631,228],{"class":69},[55,49633,49634],{"class":73},"This is a list",[55,49636,228],{"class":69},[55,49638,342],{"class":91},[20,49640,357],{},[46,49642,49644],{"className":48,"code":49643,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This is a list\n",[15,49645,49646],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49647,49648,49651,49653,49655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49649,49650],{"class":61},"This ",[55,49652,11974],{"class":65},[55,49654,44316],{"class":61},[55,49656,49657],{"class":1265},"list\n",[1003,49659,49661],{"id":49660},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[46,49663,49665],{"className":48,"code":49664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49666,49667,49679,49683,49699,49713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49668,49669,49671,49673,49675,49677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49670,2218],{"class":61},[55,49672,66],{"class":65},[55,49674,70],{"class":69},[55,49676,46296],{"class":73},[55,49678,77],{"class":69},[55,49680,49681],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49682,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,49684,49685,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,49686,488],{"class":487},[55,49688,49384],{"class":105},[55,49690,109],{"class":91},[55,49692,2245],{"class":95},[55,49694,2764],{"class":91},[55,49696,48675],{"class":1265},[55,49698,8124],{"class":91},[55,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,49702,41663],{"class":61},[55,49704,66],{"class":65},[55,49706,45046],{"class":1265},[55,49708,109],{"class":91},[55,49710,2245],{"class":95},[55,49712,342],{"class":91},[55,49714,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,49716,516],{"class":105},[55,49718,109],{"class":91},[55,49720,1220],{"class":95},[55,49722,342],{"class":91},[20,49724,357],{},[46,49726,49727],{"className":48,"code":46382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49728,49729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49730,49731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49732,46382],{"class":1210},[20,49734,49735],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1003,49737,49739],{"id":49738},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[46,49741,49743],{"className":48,"code":49742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49744,49745,49769,49773,49789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49746,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49748,2218],{"class":61},[55,49750,66],{"class":65},[55,49752,10272],{"class":91},[55,49754,228],{"class":69},[55,49756,273],{"class":73},[55,49758,228],{"class":69},[55,49760,539],{"class":91},[55,49762,70],{"class":69},[55,49764,12660],{"class":73},[55,49766,228],{"class":69},[55,49768,9089],{"class":91},[55,49770,49771],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49772,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,49774,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,49776,488],{"class":487},[55,49778,49384],{"class":105},[55,49780,109],{"class":91},[55,49782,2245],{"class":95},[55,49784,2764],{"class":91},[55,49786,8950],{"class":1265},[55,49788,8124],{"class":91},[55,49790,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,49792,516],{"class":105},[55,49794,109],{"class":91},[55,49796,2245],{"class":95},[55,49798,3680],{"class":91},[55,49800,228],{"class":69},[55,49802,273],{"class":73},[55,49804,228],{"class":69},[55,49806,3668],{"class":91},[20,49808,357],{},[46,49810,49812],{"className":48,"code":49811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\n",[15,49813,49814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49815,49816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49817,49811],{"class":61},[20,49819,49820,49821,49823],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49822,2780],{}," messages later.",[131,49825,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,49827,49829,49830,1012,49833],{"id":49828},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49831,49832],{},"\"int\"",[15,49834,1962],{},[20,49836,1017],{},[46,49838,49840],{"className":48,"code":49839,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49841,49842,49850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49843,49844,49846,49848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49845,2218],{"class":61},[55,49847,66],{"class":65},[55,49849,2360],{"class":1210},[55,49851,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49853,106],{"class":105},[55,49855,109],{"class":91},[55,49857,48646],{"class":105},[55,49859,109],{"class":91},[55,49861,2245],{"class":95},[55,49863,2764],{"class":91},[55,49865,70],{"class":69},[55,49867,1962],{"class":73},[55,49869,228],{"class":69},[55,49871,1273],{"class":91},[20,49873,49874,49876],{},[15,49875,49832],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49878,1055],{},[46,49880,49881],{"className":48,"code":49290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,49882,49883,49891],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49884,49885,49887,49889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49886,2218],{"class":61},[55,49888,66],{"class":65},[55,49890,2360],{"class":1210},[55,49892,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49894,106],{"class":105},[55,49896,109],{"class":91},[55,49898,48646],{"class":105},[55,49900,109],{"class":91},[55,49902,2245],{"class":95},[55,49904,2764],{"class":91},[55,49906,45046],{"class":1265},[55,49908,1273],{"class":91},[1003,49910,49912],{"id":49911},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49914,1017],{},[46,49916,49918],{"className":48,"code":49917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49919,49920,49928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49921,49922,49924,49926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49923,2218],{"class":61},[55,49925,66],{"class":65},[55,49927,34612],{"class":1210},[55,49929,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49931,106],{"class":105},[55,49933,109],{"class":91},[55,49935,48646],{"class":105},[55,49937,109],{"class":91},[55,49939,2245],{"class":95},[55,49941,2764],{"class":91},[55,49943,3400],{"class":91},[55,49945,1962],{"class":1265},[55,49947,2764],{"class":91},[55,49949,40028],{"class":1265},[55,49951,2774],{"class":91},[20,49953,49954],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49956,1055],{},[46,49958,49960],{"className":48,"code":49959,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49961,49962,49970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49963,49964,49966,49968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49965,2218],{"class":61},[55,49967,66],{"class":65},[55,49969,34612],{"class":1210},[55,49971,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990,49992],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,49973,106],{"class":105},[55,49975,109],{"class":91},[55,49977,48646],{"class":105},[55,49979,109],{"class":91},[55,49981,2245],{"class":95},[55,49983,2764],{"class":91},[55,49985,9016],{"class":91},[55,49987,1962],{"class":1265},[55,49989,2764],{"class":91},[55,49991,40028],{"class":1265},[55,49993,2685],{"class":91},[1003,49995,25547,49997,49999],{"id":49996},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49998,44577],{}," converts a value",[20,50001,18691],{},[46,50003,50005],{"className":48,"code":50004,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50006,50007,50020,50038,50042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50008,50009,50011,50013,50015,50018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50010,2218],{"class":61},[55,50012,66],{"class":65},[55,50014,70],{"class":69},[55,50016,50017],{"class":73},"123",[55,50019,77],{"class":69},[55,50021,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50023,83],{"class":61},[55,50025,66],{"class":65},[55,50027,49384],{"class":105},[55,50029,109],{"class":91},[55,50031,2245],{"class":95},[55,50033,2764],{"class":91},[55,50035,45046],{"class":1265},[55,50037,342],{"class":91},[55,50039,50040],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,50041,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,50045,106],{"class":105},[55,50047,109],{"class":91},[55,50049,112],{"class":95},[55,50051,342],{"class":91},[20,50053,357],{},[46,50055,50056],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,50057,50058],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50059,50060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50061,3821],{"class":3631},[20,50063,50064,50065,50068,50069,50071],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50066,50067],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50070,50017],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50073,50074,50075,6417],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50076,50077],{},"int(value)",[1003,50079,50081],{"id":50080},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50083,50084,50086],{},[15,50085,44577],{}," does not modify anything.",[46,50088,50090],{"className":48,"code":50089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50091,50092,50104,50108,50126],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50093,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50095,2218],{"class":61},[55,50097,66],{"class":65},[55,50099,70],{"class":69},[55,50101,13337],{"class":73},[55,50103,77],{"class":69},[55,50105,50106],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50107,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,50109,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,50111,106],{"class":105},[55,50113,109],{"class":91},[55,50115,48646],{"class":105},[55,50117,109],{"class":91},[55,50119,2245],{"class":95},[55,50121,2764],{"class":91},[55,50123,48675],{"class":1265},[55,50125,1273],{"class":91},[55,50127,50128,50130,50132,50134],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,50129,106],{"class":105},[55,50131,109],{"class":91},[55,50133,2245],{"class":95},[55,50135,342],{"class":91},[20,50137,357],{},[46,50139,50141],{"className":48,"code":50140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n100\n",[15,50142,50143,50147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50144,50145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50146,3760],{"class":3631},[55,50148,50149],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50150,47033],{"class":1210},[20,50152,50153],{},"The value stays the same.",[131,50155,25715],{"id":25714},[20,50157,50158],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[46,50160,50162],{"className":48,"code":50161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50163,50164,50178,50196,50220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50165,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50167,106],{"class":105},[55,50169,109],{"class":91},[55,50171,1266],{"class":1265},[55,50173,109],{"class":91},[55,50175,2245],{"class":95},[55,50177,1273],{"class":91},[55,50179,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50181,106],{"class":105},[55,50183,109],{"class":91},[55,50185,48646],{"class":105},[55,50187,109],{"class":91},[55,50189,2245],{"class":95},[55,50191,2764],{"class":91},[55,50193,45046],{"class":1265},[55,50195,1273],{"class":91},[55,50197,50198,50200,50202,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216,50218],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,50199,106],{"class":105},[55,50201,109],{"class":91},[55,50203,48646],{"class":105},[55,50205,109],{"class":91},[55,50207,2245],{"class":95},[55,50209,2764],{"class":91},[55,50211,9016],{"class":91},[55,50213,1962],{"class":1265},[55,50215,2764],{"class":91},[55,50217,40028],{"class":1265},[55,50219,2685],{"class":91},[55,50221,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,50223,106],{"class":105},[55,50225,109],{"class":91},[55,50227,41552],{"class":105},[55,50229,109],{"class":91},[55,50231,2245],{"class":95},[55,50233,1273],{"class":91},[20,50235,50236],{},"These can help when:",[30,50238,50239,50242,50247,50250],{},[33,50240,50241],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50243,50244,50245],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50246,2780],{},[33,50248,50249],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50251,50252,50253,50255],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50254,44577],{}," is invalid",[20,50257,50258],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50260,50261,50275,50281,50286],{},[33,50262,50263,50264,2651,50267,50270,50271,2651,50273],{},"using ",[15,50265,50266],{},"'int'",[15,50268,50269],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50272,1962],{},[15,50274,3220],{},[33,50276,50277,50278,50280],{},"expecting ",[15,50279,44577],{}," to convert a value",[33,50282,50263,50283,50285],{},[15,50284,2073],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50287,50288],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50290,50291,50292,92],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[166,50293,50295,50296],{"href":50294},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50297,50298],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[131,50300,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,50302,1603,50304,4928],{"id":50303},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50305,44577],{},[20,50307,4931,50308,50310,50311,92],{},[15,50309,3380],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50312,3452],{},[1003,50314,4953,50316,50318],{"id":50315},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50317,44577],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50320,50321,50322,92],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50323,50324],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1003,50326,1626,50328,1377,50330,1631],{"id":50327},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50329,44577],{},[15,50331,2073],{},[20,50333,50334,50336,50337,50339],{},[15,50335,2073],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50338,44577],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1003,50341,1581,50343,50345],{"id":50342},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50344,44577],{}," convert a value?",[20,50347,50348],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[131,50350,1643],{"id":1642},[30,50352,50353,50359,50363,50368,50373],{},[33,50354,50355],{},[166,50356,1686,50357,1689],{"href":2070},[15,50358,2073],{},[33,50360,50361],{},[166,50362,44569],{"href":48749},[33,50364,50365],{},[166,50366,50367],{"href":2734},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50369,50370],{},[166,50371,50372],{"href":48752},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50374,50375],{},[166,50376,50295,50377],{"href":50294},[15,50378,50298],{},[1696,50380,50381],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":50383},[50384,50385,50387,50390,50394,50395,50400,50406,50414,50415,50425],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":48688,"depth":80,"text":50386},"What isinstance() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":50388},[50389],{"id":48780,"depth":102,"text":48781},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286,"children":50391},[50392,50393],{"id":48868,"depth":102,"text":48869},{"id":48939,"depth":102,"text":48940},{"id":49026,"depth":80,"text":49027},{"id":49223,"depth":80,"text":50396,"children":50397},"isinstance() vs type()",[50398,50399],{"id":49239,"depth":102,"text":49242},{"id":49281,"depth":102,"text":49284},{"id":49342,"depth":80,"text":49343,"children":50401},[50402,50403,50404,50405],{"id":49351,"depth":102,"text":49352},{"id":49533,"depth":102,"text":49534},{"id":49660,"depth":102,"text":49661},{"id":49738,"depth":102,"text":49739},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":50407},[50408,50410,50411,50413],{"id":49828,"depth":102,"text":50409},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49911,"depth":102,"text":49912},{"id":49996,"depth":102,"text":50412},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50080,"depth":102,"text":50081},{"id":25714,"depth":80,"text":25715},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":50416},[50417,50419,50421,50423],{"id":50303,"depth":102,"text":50418},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50315,"depth":102,"text":50420},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50327,"depth":102,"text":50422},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50342,"depth":102,"text":50424},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48589,"description":50426},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50432,"title":50433,"body":50434,"description":52405,"extension":1733,"meta":52406,"navigation":248,"path":52407,"seo":52408,"stem":52409,"__hash__":52410},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50435,"toc":52380},[50436,50439,50444,50449,50463,50466,50468,50543,50548,50552,50557,50560,50574,50576,50742,50753,50755,50757,50772,50775,50778,50791,50793,50891,50895,50901,50904,50913,50915,50950,50955,50976,50981,50986,51018,51021,51078,51082,51088,51091,51144,51146,51186,51189,51257,51260,51311,51318,51322,51328,51413,51419,51425,51474,51477,51480,51530,51532,51537,51541,51591,51595,51642,51646,51723,51727,51792,51795,51799,51804,51809,51821,51823,51842,51848,51851,51870,51875,51902,51909,51913,51919,51922,52017,52020,52023,52072,52077,52079,52083,52118,52121,52178,52188,52191,52225,52228,52230,52234,52237,52241,52244,52248,52251,52255,52268,52272,52277,52279,52329,52341,52343,52377],[10,50437,50433],{"id":50438},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50440,8902,50441,50443],{},[15,50442,42134],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50445,35176,50446,50448],{},[15,50447,42134],{}," to count:",[30,50450,50451,50454,50457,50460],{},[33,50452,50453],{},"characters in a string",[33,50455,50456],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50458,50459],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50461,50462],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50464,50465],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[131,50467,1775],{"id":1774},[46,50469,50471],{"className":48,"code":50470,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50472,50473,50485,50505,50509,50526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50474,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50476,62],{"class":61},[55,50478,66],{"class":65},[55,50480,70],{"class":69},[55,50482,3624],{"class":73},[55,50484,77],{"class":69},[55,50486,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50488,7563],{"class":61},[55,50490,66],{"class":65},[55,50492,3400],{"class":91},[55,50494,2101],{"class":1210},[55,50496,2764],{"class":91},[55,50498,7574],{"class":1210},[55,50500,2764],{"class":91},[55,50502,7579],{"class":1210},[55,50504,3413],{"class":91},[55,50506,50507],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,50508,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,50510,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519,50521,50523],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,50512,106],{"class":105},[55,50514,109],{"class":91},[55,50516,10942],{"class":105},[55,50518,109],{"class":91},[55,50520,352],{"class":95},[55,50522,5145],{"class":91},[55,50524,50525],{"class":118},"   # 5\n",[55,50527,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,50529,106],{"class":105},[55,50531,109],{"class":91},[55,50533,10942],{"class":105},[55,50535,109],{"class":91},[55,50537,7594],{"class":95},[55,50539,5145],{"class":91},[55,50541,50542],{"class":118},"  # 3\n",[20,50544,1866,50545,50547],{},[15,50546,42134],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[131,50549,50551],{"id":50550},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50553,50554,50556],{},[15,50555,42134],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50558,50559],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50561,50562,50565,50568,50571],{},[33,50563,50564],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50566,50567],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50569,50570],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50572,50573],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50575,214],{},[46,50577,50579],{"className":48,"code":50578,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50580,50581,50593,50618,50650,50670,50674,50691,50708,50725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50582,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50584,254],{"class":61},[55,50586,66],{"class":65},[55,50588,70],{"class":69},[55,50590,7460],{"class":73},[55,50592,77],{"class":69},[55,50594,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50616],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50596,3395],{"class":61},[55,50598,66],{"class":65},[55,50600,3400],{"class":91},[55,50602,2101],{"class":1210},[55,50604,2764],{"class":91},[55,50606,7574],{"class":1210},[55,50608,2764],{"class":91},[55,50610,7579],{"class":1210},[55,50612,2764],{"class":91},[55,50614,50615],{"class":1210}," 40",[55,50617,3413],{"class":91},[55,50619,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,50621,8945],{"class":61},[55,50623,66],{"class":65},[55,50625,10272],{"class":91},[55,50627,228],{"class":69},[55,50629,166],{"class":73},[55,50631,228],{"class":69},[55,50633,539],{"class":91},[55,50635,5282],{"class":1210},[55,50637,2764],{"class":91},[55,50639,70],{"class":69},[55,50641,4543],{"class":73},[55,50643,228],{"class":69},[55,50645,539],{"class":91},[55,50647,2767],{"class":1210},[55,50649,9089],{"class":91},[55,50651,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,50653,3601],{"class":61},[55,50655,66],{"class":65},[55,50657,10272],{"class":91},[55,50659,1911],{"class":1210},[55,50661,2764],{"class":91},[55,50663,37415],{"class":1210},[55,50665,2764],{"class":91},[55,50667,5779],{"class":1210},[55,50669,9089],{"class":91},[55,50671,50672],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,50673,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,50675,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,50677,106],{"class":105},[55,50679,109],{"class":91},[55,50681,10942],{"class":105},[55,50683,109],{"class":91},[55,50685,273],{"class":95},[55,50687,5145],{"class":91},[55,50689,50690],{"class":118},"     # 3\n",[55,50692,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,50694,106],{"class":105},[55,50696,109],{"class":91},[55,50698,10942],{"class":105},[55,50700,109],{"class":91},[55,50702,3427],{"class":95},[55,50704,5145],{"class":91},[55,50706,50707],{"class":118},"  # 4\n",[55,50709,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720,50722],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,50711,106],{"class":105},[55,50713,109],{"class":91},[55,50715,10942],{"class":105},[55,50717,109],{"class":91},[55,50719,8984],{"class":95},[55,50721,5145],{"class":91},[55,50723,50724],{"class":118},"     # 2\n",[55,50726,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,50728,106],{"class":105},[55,50730,109],{"class":91},[55,50732,10942],{"class":105},[55,50734,109],{"class":91},[55,50736,5142],{"class":95},[55,50738,5145],{"class":91},[55,50740,50741],{"class":118},"   # 3\n",[20,50743,50744,50745,1963,50747,16850,50751,92],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[166,50746,174],{"href":173},[166,50748,50750],{"href":50749},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[166,50752,8935],{"href":8934},[131,50754,178],{"id":177},[20,50756,181],{},[46,50758,50760],{"className":48,"code":50759,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len(object)\n",[15,50761,50762],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50763,50764,50766,50768,50770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50765,10942],{"class":105},[55,50767,109],{"class":91},[55,50769,42172],{"class":1265},[55,50771,342],{"class":91},[20,50773,50774],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50776,50777],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50779,50780,50782,50784,50786,50788],{},[33,50781,37679],{},[33,50783,37673],{},[33,50785,37676],{},[33,50787,37682],{},[33,50789,50790],{},"a dictionary",[20,50792,214],{},[46,50794,50796],{"className":48,"code":50795,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50797,50798,50819,50843,50865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50799,50800,50802,50804,50806,50808,50810,50812,50814,50816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50801,106],{"class":105},[55,50803,109],{"class":91},[55,50805,10942],{"class":105},[55,50807,109],{"class":91},[55,50809,228],{"class":69},[55,50811,50],{"class":73},[55,50813,228],{"class":69},[55,50815,5145],{"class":91},[55,50817,50818],{"class":118},"      # 6\n",[55,50820,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50822,106],{"class":105},[55,50824,109],{"class":91},[55,50826,10942],{"class":105},[55,50828,2758],{"class":91},[55,50830,2761],{"class":1210},[55,50832,2764],{"class":91},[55,50834,2767],{"class":1210},[55,50836,2764],{"class":91},[55,50838,2223],{"class":1210},[55,50840,4517],{"class":91},[55,50842,50690],{"class":118},[55,50844,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50862],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,50846,106],{"class":105},[55,50848,109],{"class":91},[55,50850,10942],{"class":105},[55,50852,5295],{"class":91},[55,50854,2101],{"class":1210},[55,50856,2764],{"class":91},[55,50858,7574],{"class":1210},[55,50860,50861],{"class":91},")))",[55,50863,50864],{"class":118},"      # 2\n",[55,50866,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885,50888],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,50868,106],{"class":105},[55,50870,109],{"class":91},[55,50872,10942],{"class":105},[55,50874,5314],{"class":91},[55,50876,228],{"class":69},[55,50878,1947],{"class":73},[55,50880,228],{"class":69},[55,50882,539],{"class":91},[55,50884,5282],{"class":1210},[55,50886,50887],{"class":91},"}))",[55,50889,50890],{"class":118},"      # 1\n",[131,50892,50894],{"id":50893},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50896,50897,50898,50900],{},"When you use ",[15,50899,42134],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50902,50903],{},"That includes:",[30,50905,50906,50908,50910],{},[33,50907,35913],{},[33,50909,10233],{},[33,50911,50912],{},"punctuation",[20,50914,214],{},[46,50916,50918],{"className":48,"code":50917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50919,50920,50933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50921,50922,50924,50926,50928,50931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50923,62],{"class":61},[55,50925,66],{"class":65},[55,50927,70],{"class":69},[55,50929,50930],{"class":73},"Hi there!",[55,50932,77],{"class":69},[55,50934,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,50936,106],{"class":105},[55,50938,109],{"class":91},[55,50940,10942],{"class":105},[55,50942,109],{"class":91},[55,50944,352],{"class":95},[55,50946,5145],{"class":91},[55,50948,50949],{"class":118},"  # 9\n",[20,50951,50952,50953,1631],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50954,1919],{},[30,50956,50957,50963,50967,50970],{},[33,50958,50959,50962],{},[15,50960,50961],{},"H"," = 1",[33,50964,50965,50962],{},[15,50966,35924],{},[33,50968,50969],{},"space = 1",[33,50971,50972,50975],{},[15,50973,50974],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50977,50978,50979],{},"Total: ",[15,50980,1919],{},[20,50982,50983,50984,539],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50985,1894],{},[46,50987,50989],{"className":48,"code":50988,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50990,50991,51000],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50992,50993,50996,50998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50994,50995],{"class":61},"empty_text ",[55,50997,66],{"class":65},[55,50999,7665],{"class":69},[55,51001,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51013,51015],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51003,106],{"class":105},[55,51005,109],{"class":91},[55,51007,10942],{"class":105},[55,51009,109],{"class":91},[55,51011,51012],{"class":95},"empty_text",[55,51014,5145],{"class":91},[55,51016,51017],{"class":118},"  # 0\n",[20,51019,51020],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[46,51022,51024],{"className":48,"code":51023,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51025,51026,51039,51043,51063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51027,51028,51031,51033,51035,51037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51029,51030],{"class":61},"user_name ",[55,51032,66],{"class":65},[55,51034,70],{"class":69},[55,51036,4787],{"class":73},[55,51038,77],{"class":69},[55,51040,51041],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51042,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,51044,51045,51047,51049,51051,51054,51056,51059,51061],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,51046,488],{"class":487},[55,51048,38158],{"class":105},[55,51050,109],{"class":91},[55,51052,51053],{"class":95},"user_name",[55,51055,115],{"class":91},[55,51057,51058],{"class":65}," >=",[55,51060,2223],{"class":1210},[55,51062,511],{"class":91},[55,51064,51065,51067,51069,51071,51074,51076],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,51066,516],{"class":105},[55,51068,109],{"class":91},[55,51070,228],{"class":69},[55,51072,51073],{"class":73},"Name is long enough",[55,51075,228],{"class":69},[55,51077,342],{"class":91},[131,51079,51081],{"id":51080},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51083,51084,51085,51087],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51086,42134],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51089,51090],{},"Example with a list:",[46,51092,51094],{"className":48,"code":51093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51095,51096,51128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51097,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51099,12855],{"class":61},[55,51101,66],{"class":65},[55,51103,3400],{"class":91},[55,51105,228],{"class":69},[55,51107,12872],{"class":73},[55,51109,228],{"class":69},[55,51111,2764],{"class":91},[55,51113,70],{"class":69},[55,51115,17232],{"class":73},[55,51117,228],{"class":69},[55,51119,2764],{"class":91},[55,51121,70],{"class":69},[55,51123,705],{"class":73},[55,51125,228],{"class":69},[55,51127,3413],{"class":91},[55,51129,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51131,106],{"class":105},[55,51133,109],{"class":91},[55,51135,10942],{"class":105},[55,51137,109],{"class":91},[55,51139,17279],{"class":95},[55,51141,5145],{"class":91},[55,51143,50542],{"class":118},[20,51145,37688],{},[46,51147,51149],{"className":48,"code":51148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51150,51151,51168],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51152,51153,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51154,51155],{"class":61},"point ",[55,51157,66],{"class":65},[55,51159,9016],{"class":91},[55,51161,2101],{"class":1210},[55,51163,2764],{"class":91},[55,51165,7574],{"class":1210},[55,51167,342],{"class":91},[55,51169,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51181,51183],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51171,106],{"class":105},[55,51173,109],{"class":91},[55,51175,10942],{"class":105},[55,51177,109],{"class":91},[55,51179,51180],{"class":95},"point",[55,51182,5145],{"class":91},[55,51184,51185],{"class":118},"  # 2\n",[20,51187,51188],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[46,51190,51192],{"className":48,"code":51191,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51193,51194,51218,51222,51240],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51195,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51197,7563],{"class":61},[55,51199,66],{"class":65},[55,51201,3400],{"class":91},[55,51203,228],{"class":69},[55,51205,3860],{"class":73},[55,51207,228],{"class":69},[55,51209,2764],{"class":91},[55,51211,70],{"class":69},[55,51213,3869],{"class":73},[55,51215,228],{"class":69},[55,51217,3413],{"class":91},[55,51219,51220],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51221,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,51223,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,51225,488],{"class":487},[55,51227,38158],{"class":105},[55,51229,109],{"class":91},[55,51231,7594],{"class":95},[55,51233,115],{"class":91},[55,51235,38168],{"class":65},[55,51237,5282],{"class":1210},[55,51239,511],{"class":91},[55,51241,51242,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,51243,516],{"class":105},[55,51245,109],{"class":91},[55,51247,7594],{"class":95},[55,51249,3680],{"class":91},[55,51251,2761],{"class":1210},[55,51253,20224],{"class":91},[55,51255,51256],{"class":118},"  # banana\n",[20,51258,51259],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[46,51261,51263],{"className":48,"code":51262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51264,51265,51288],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51266,51267,51269,51271,51273,51276,51278,51281,51283,51286],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51268,4847],{"class":61},[55,51270,66],{"class":65},[55,51272,3400],{"class":91},[55,51274,51275],{"class":1210},"88",[55,51277,2764],{"class":91},[55,51279,51280],{"class":1210}," 91",[55,51282,2764],{"class":91},[55,51284,51285],{"class":1210}," 75",[55,51287,3413],{"class":91},[55,51289,51290,51292,51294,51296,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51291,106],{"class":105},[55,51293,109],{"class":91},[55,51295,228],{"class":69},[55,51297,51298],{"class":73},"Number of scores:",[55,51300,228],{"class":69},[55,51302,2764],{"class":91},[55,51304,38158],{"class":105},[55,51306,109],{"class":91},[55,51308,16168],{"class":95},[55,51310,1273],{"class":91},[20,51312,51313,51314,92],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[166,51315,51317],{"href":51316},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[131,51319,51321],{"id":51320},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51323,51324,51325,51327],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51326,42134],{}," counts keys.",[46,51329,51331],{"className":48,"code":51330,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51332,51333,51341,51359,51373,51389,51393,51397],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51334,51335,51337,51339],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51336,12643],{"class":61},[55,51338,66],{"class":65},[55,51340,11272],{"class":91},[55,51342,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51344,11277],{"class":69},[55,51346,273],{"class":73},[55,51348,228],{"class":69},[55,51350,539],{"class":91},[55,51352,70],{"class":69},[55,51354,7705],{"class":73},[55,51356,228],{"class":69},[55,51358,11293],{"class":91},[55,51360,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,51362,11277],{"class":69},[55,51364,9079],{"class":73},[55,51366,228],{"class":69},[55,51368,539],{"class":91},[55,51370,30715],{"class":1210},[55,51372,11293],{"class":91},[55,51374,51375,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,51376,11277],{"class":69},[55,51378,19669],{"class":73},[55,51380,228],{"class":69},[55,51382,539],{"class":91},[55,51384,70],{"class":69},[55,51386,22021],{"class":73},[55,51388,77],{"class":69},[55,51390,51391],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,51392,9089],{"class":91},[55,51394,51395],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,51396,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,51398,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,51400,106],{"class":105},[55,51402,109],{"class":91},[55,51404,10942],{"class":105},[55,51406,109],{"class":91},[55,51408,13405],{"class":95},[55,51410,5145],{"class":91},[55,51412,50542],{"class":118},[20,51414,51415,51416,51418],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51417,42134],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51420,51421,51422,51424],{},"For sets, ",[15,51423,42134],{}," counts unique items:",[46,51426,51428],{"className":48,"code":51427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51429,51430,51458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51431,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51433,3395],{"class":61},[55,51435,66],{"class":65},[55,51437,10272],{"class":91},[55,51439,2761],{"class":1210},[55,51441,2764],{"class":91},[55,51443,2767],{"class":1210},[55,51445,2764],{"class":91},[55,51447,2223],{"class":1210},[55,51449,2764],{"class":91},[55,51451,2223],{"class":1210},[55,51453,2764],{"class":91},[55,51455,2767],{"class":1210},[55,51457,9089],{"class":91},[55,51459,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51461,106],{"class":105},[55,51463,109],{"class":91},[55,51465,10942],{"class":105},[55,51467,109],{"class":91},[55,51469,3427],{"class":95},[55,51471,5145],{"class":91},[55,51473,50542],{"class":118},[20,51475,51476],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51478,51479],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[46,51481,51483],{"className":48,"code":51482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51484,51485,51493,51497,51515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51486,51487,51489,51491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51488,8945],{"class":61},[55,51490,66],{"class":65},[55,51492,9619],{"class":91},[55,51494,51495],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51496,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,51498,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,51500,488],{"class":487},[55,51502,38158],{"class":105},[55,51504,109],{"class":91},[55,51506,8984],{"class":95},[55,51508,115],{"class":91},[55,51510,501],{"class":65},[55,51512,3612],{"class":1210},[55,51514,511],{"class":91},[55,51516,51517,51519,51521,51523,51526,51528],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,51518,516],{"class":105},[55,51520,109],{"class":91},[55,51522,228],{"class":69},[55,51524,51525],{"class":73},"The dictionary is empty",[55,51527,228],{"class":69},[55,51529,342],{"class":91},[131,51531,40819],{"id":40818},[20,51533,51534,51535,92],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51536,42134],{},[1003,51538,51540],{"id":51539},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[46,51542,51544],{"className":48,"code":51543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51545,51546,51554,51558,51576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51547,51548,51550,51552],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51549,7563],{"class":61},[55,51551,66],{"class":65},[55,51553,7623],{"class":91},[55,51555,51556],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51557,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,51559,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,51561,488],{"class":487},[55,51563,38158],{"class":105},[55,51565,109],{"class":91},[55,51567,7594],{"class":95},[55,51569,115],{"class":91},[55,51571,501],{"class":65},[55,51573,3612],{"class":1210},[55,51575,511],{"class":91},[55,51577,51578,51580,51582,51584,51587,51589],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,51579,516],{"class":105},[55,51581,109],{"class":91},[55,51583,228],{"class":69},[55,51585,51586],{"class":73},"The list is empty",[55,51588,228],{"class":69},[55,51590,342],{"class":91},[1003,51592,51594],{"id":51593},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[46,51596,51598],{"className":48,"code":51597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51599,51600,51619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51601,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51615,51617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51603,5940],{"class":61},[55,51605,66],{"class":65},[55,51607,553],{"class":105},[55,51609,109],{"class":91},[55,51611,228],{"class":69},[55,51613,51614],{"class":73},"Enter a word: ",[55,51616,228],{"class":69},[55,51618,342],{"class":91},[55,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51622,106],{"class":105},[55,51624,109],{"class":91},[55,51626,228],{"class":69},[55,51628,51629],{"class":73},"Number of characters:",[55,51631,228],{"class":69},[55,51633,2764],{"class":91},[55,51635,38158],{"class":105},[55,51637,109],{"class":91},[55,51639,38163],{"class":95},[55,51641,1273],{"class":91},[1003,51643,51645],{"id":51644},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[46,51647,51649],{"className":48,"code":51648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51650,51651,51665,51669,51687,51702,51708],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51652,51653,51656,51658,51660,51663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51654,51655],{"class":61},"password ",[55,51657,66],{"class":65},[55,51659,70],{"class":69},[55,51661,51662],{"class":73},"secret123",[55,51664,77],{"class":69},[55,51666,51667],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51668,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,51670,51671,51673,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,51672,488],{"class":487},[55,51674,38158],{"class":105},[55,51676,109],{"class":91},[55,51678,17398],{"class":95},[55,51680,115],{"class":91},[55,51682,51058],{"class":65},[55,51684,6146],{"class":1210},[55,51686,511],{"class":91},[55,51688,51689,51691,51693,51695,51698,51700],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,51690,516],{"class":105},[55,51692,109],{"class":91},[55,51694,228],{"class":69},[55,51696,51697],{"class":73},"Password length is valid",[55,51699,228],{"class":69},[55,51701,342],{"class":91},[55,51703,51704,51706],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,51705,610],{"class":487},[55,51707,511],{"class":91},[55,51709,51710,51712,51714,51716,51719,51721],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,51711,516],{"class":105},[55,51713,109],{"class":91},[55,51715,228],{"class":69},[55,51717,51718],{"class":73},"Password is too short",[55,51720,228],{"class":69},[55,51722,342],{"class":91},[1003,51724,51726],{"id":51725},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[46,51728,51730],{"className":48,"code":51729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51731,51732,51768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51733,51734,51737,51739,51741,51743,51746,51748,51750,51752,51755,51757,51759,51761,51764,51766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51735,51736],{"class":61},"results ",[55,51738,66],{"class":65},[55,51740,3400],{"class":91},[55,51742,228],{"class":69},[55,51744,51745],{"class":73},"item1",[55,51747,228],{"class":69},[55,51749,2764],{"class":91},[55,51751,70],{"class":69},[55,51753,51754],{"class":73},"item2",[55,51756,228],{"class":69},[55,51758,2764],{"class":91},[55,51760,70],{"class":69},[55,51762,51763],{"class":73},"item3",[55,51765,228],{"class":69},[55,51767,3413],{"class":91},[55,51769,51770,51772,51774,51776,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787,51790],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51771,106],{"class":105},[55,51773,109],{"class":91},[55,51775,228],{"class":69},[55,51777,51778],{"class":73},"Items found:",[55,51780,228],{"class":69},[55,51782,2764],{"class":91},[55,51784,38158],{"class":105},[55,51786,109],{"class":91},[55,51788,51789],{"class":95},"results",[55,51791,1273],{"class":91},[20,51793,51794],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[131,51796,51798],{"id":51797},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51800,51801,51803],{},[15,51802,42134],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51805,51806,51807,539],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51808,2780],{},[30,51810,51811,51814,51817],{},[33,51812,51813],{},"plain integers",[33,51815,51816],{},"floats",[33,51818,51819],{},[15,51820,3556],{},[20,51822,214],{},[46,51824,51826],{"className":48,"code":51825,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51827,51828],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51829,51830,51832,51834,51836,51838,51840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51831,106],{"class":105},[55,51833,109],{"class":91},[55,51835,10942],{"class":105},[55,51837,109],{"class":91},[55,51839,1911],{"class":1210},[55,51841,1273],{"class":91},[20,51843,51844,51845,51847],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51846,1911],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51849,51850],{},"Another example:",[46,51852,51854],{"className":48,"code":51853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51855,51856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51857,51858,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51859,106],{"class":105},[55,51861,109],{"class":91},[55,51863,10942],{"class":105},[55,51865,109],{"class":91},[55,51867,39916],{"class":1210},[55,51869,1273],{"class":91},[20,51871,51872,51873,539],{},"And with ",[15,51874,3556],{},[46,51876,51878],{"className":48,"code":51877,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51879,51880,51888],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51881,51882,51884,51886],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51883,2218],{"class":61},[55,51885,66],{"class":65},[55,51887,48298],{"class":3631},[55,51889,51890,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51891,106],{"class":105},[55,51893,109],{"class":91},[55,51895,10942],{"class":105},[55,51897,109],{"class":91},[55,51899,2245],{"class":95},[55,51901,1273],{"class":91},[20,51903,51904,51905,92],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[166,51906,51908],{"href":51907},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[131,51910,51912],{"id":51911},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51914,51915,51916,51918],{},"Before using ",[15,51917,42134],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51920,51921],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[46,51923,51925],{"className":48,"code":51924,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51926,51927,51935,51939,51949,51963,51981,51999],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51928,51929,51931,51933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51930,2218],{"class":61},[55,51932,66],{"class":65},[55,51934,48298],{"class":3631},[55,51936,51937],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,51938,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,51940,51941,51943,51945,51947],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,51942,106],{"class":105},[55,51944,109],{"class":91},[55,51946,2245],{"class":95},[55,51948,342],{"class":91},[55,51950,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,51952,106],{"class":105},[55,51954,109],{"class":91},[55,51956,1266],{"class":1265},[55,51958,109],{"class":91},[55,51960,2245],{"class":95},[55,51962,1273],{"class":91},[55,51964,51965,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,51966,106],{"class":105},[55,51968,109],{"class":91},[55,51970,48646],{"class":105},[55,51972,109],{"class":91},[55,51974,2245],{"class":95},[55,51976,2764],{"class":91},[55,51978,48675],{"class":1265},[55,51980,1273],{"class":91},[55,51982,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,51984,106],{"class":105},[55,51986,109],{"class":91},[55,51988,48646],{"class":105},[55,51990,109],{"class":91},[55,51992,2245],{"class":95},[55,51994,2764],{"class":91},[55,51996,22336],{"class":1265},[55,51998,1273],{"class":91},[55,52000,52001,52003,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013,52015],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,52002,106],{"class":105},[55,52004,109],{"class":91},[55,52006,48646],{"class":105},[55,52008,109],{"class":91},[55,52010,2245],{"class":95},[55,52012,2764],{"class":91},[55,52014,8950],{"class":1265},[55,52016,1273],{"class":91},[20,52018,52019],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52021,52022],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[46,52024,52026],{"className":48,"code":52025,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52027,52028,52040,52044,52058],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52029,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52031,2218],{"class":61},[55,52033,66],{"class":65},[55,52035,70],{"class":69},[55,52037,3624],{"class":73},[55,52039,77],{"class":69},[55,52041,52042],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52043,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,52045,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,52047,488],{"class":487},[55,52049,21362],{"class":61},[55,52051,11974],{"class":65},[55,52053,7883],{"class":65},[55,52055,3632],{"class":3631},[55,52057,511],{"class":91},[55,52059,52060,52062,52064,52066,52068,52070],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,52061,516],{"class":105},[55,52063,109],{"class":91},[55,52065,10942],{"class":105},[55,52067,109],{"class":91},[55,52069,2245],{"class":95},[55,52071,1273],{"class":91},[20,52073,52074,52075,92],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[166,52076,8224],{"href":2070},[131,52078,1001],{"id":1000},[20,52080,22871,52081,539],{},[15,52082,42134],{},[30,52084,52085,52093,52101,52109,52115],{},[33,52086,1185,52087,52089,52090],{},[15,52088,42134],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52091,52092],{},"len(5)",[33,52094,1185,52095,52097,52098],{},[15,52096,42134],{}," on a float like ",[15,52099,52100],{},"len(3.14)",[33,52102,1185,52103,52105,52106,52108],{},[15,52104,42134],{}," on ",[15,52107,3556],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,52110,4362,52111,52114],{},[15,52112,52113],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,52116,52117],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52119,52120],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[46,52122,52124],{"className":48,"code":52123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52125,52126,52162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52127,52128,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140,52142,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158,52160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52129,12983],{"class":61},[55,52131,66],{"class":65},[55,52133,10272],{"class":91},[55,52135,228],{"class":69},[55,52137,273],{"class":73},[55,52139,228],{"class":69},[55,52141,539],{"class":91},[55,52143,70],{"class":69},[55,52145,12660],{"class":73},[55,52147,228],{"class":69},[55,52149,2764],{"class":91},[55,52151,70],{"class":69},[55,52153,9079],{"class":73},[55,52155,228],{"class":69},[55,52157,539],{"class":91},[55,52159,7574],{"class":1210},[55,52161,9089],{"class":91},[55,52163,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52165,106],{"class":105},[55,52167,109],{"class":91},[55,52169,10942],{"class":105},[55,52171,109],{"class":91},[55,52173,17085],{"class":95},[55,52175,5145],{"class":91},[55,52177,51185],{"class":118},[20,52179,37366,52180,52182,52183,1377,52185,92],{},[15,52181,1829],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52184,15020],{},[15,52186,52187],{},"\"age\"",[20,52189,52190],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[46,52192,52194],{"className":48,"code":52193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52195,52196,52209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52197,52198,52200,52202,52204,52207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52199,62],{"class":61},[55,52201,66],{"class":65},[55,52203,70],{"class":69},[55,52205,52206],{"class":73},"a b",[55,52208,77],{"class":69},[55,52210,52211,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52212,106],{"class":105},[55,52214,109],{"class":91},[55,52216,10942],{"class":105},[55,52218,109],{"class":91},[55,52220,352],{"class":95},[55,52222,5145],{"class":91},[55,52224,50542],{"class":118},[20,52226,52227],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[131,52229,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,52231,52233],{"id":52232},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52235,52236],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1003,52238,52240],{"id":52239},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52242,52243],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1003,52245,52247],{"id":52246},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52249,52250],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1003,52252,52254],{"id":52253},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52256,52257,52258,52260,52261,2651,52263,52265,52266,92],{},"No. Using ",[15,52259,42134],{}," on an ",[15,52262,1962],{},[15,52264,1966],{}," raises a ",[15,52267,2780],{},[1003,52269,52271],{"id":52270},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52273,7546,52274,92],{},[15,52275,52276],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52278,214],{},[46,52280,52282],{"className":48,"code":52281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52283,52284,52292,52296,52314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52285,52286,52288,52290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52287,8090],{"class":61},[55,52289,66],{"class":65},[55,52291,7623],{"class":91},[55,52293,52294],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52295,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,52297,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,52299,488],{"class":487},[55,52301,38158],{"class":105},[55,52303,109],{"class":91},[55,52305,8121],{"class":95},[55,52307,115],{"class":91},[55,52309,501],{"class":65},[55,52311,3612],{"class":1210},[55,52313,511],{"class":91},[55,52315,52316,52318,52320,52322,52325,52327],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,52317,516],{"class":105},[55,52319,109],{"class":91},[55,52321,228],{"class":69},[55,52323,52324],{"class":73},"Empty list",[55,52326,228],{"class":69},[55,52328,342],{"class":91},[20,52330,52331,52332,52334,52335,52337,52338,52340],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52333,3452],{}," in an ",[15,52336,488],{}," statement, but ",[15,52339,42134],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[131,52342,1643],{"id":1642},[30,52344,52345,52349,52353,52357,52362,52366,52372],{},[33,52346,52347],{},[166,52348,174],{"href":173},[33,52350,52351],{},[166,52352,50750],{"href":50749},[33,52354,52355],{},[166,52356,8935],{"href":8934},[33,52358,52359],{},[166,52360,52361],{"href":51316},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52363,52364],{},[166,52365,8224],{"href":2070},[33,52367,52368],{},[166,52369,52371],{"href":52370},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52373,52374],{},[166,52375,52376],{"href":51907},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1696,52378,52379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":52381},[52382,52383,52384,52385,52386,52387,52388,52394,52395,52396,52397,52404],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":50550,"depth":80,"text":50551},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":50893,"depth":80,"text":50894},{"id":51080,"depth":80,"text":51081},{"id":51320,"depth":80,"text":51321},{"id":40818,"depth":80,"text":40819,"children":52389},[52390,52391,52392,52393],{"id":51539,"depth":102,"text":51540},{"id":51593,"depth":102,"text":51594},{"id":51644,"depth":102,"text":51645},{"id":51725,"depth":102,"text":51726},{"id":51797,"depth":80,"text":51798},{"id":51911,"depth":80,"text":51912},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":52398},[52399,52400,52401,52402,52403],{"id":52232,"depth":102,"text":52233},{"id":52239,"depth":102,"text":52240},{"id":52246,"depth":102,"text":52247},{"id":52253,"depth":102,"text":52254},{"id":52270,"depth":102,"text":52271},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50433,"description":52405},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52412,"title":52413,"body":52414,"description":54099,"extension":1733,"meta":54100,"navigation":248,"path":54101,"seo":54102,"stem":54103,"__hash__":54104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52415,"toc":54072},[52416,52419,52433,52439,52441,52495,52500,52504,52520,52523,52537,52543,52545,52548,52567,52583,52585,52661,52663,52700,52711,52713,52716,52777,52779,52812,52815,52821,52825,52828,52953,52955,53014,53022,53075,53077,53104,53110,53120,53124,53127,53132,53184,53186,53212,53218,53272,53274,53299,53302,53326,53332,53334,53338,53340,53397,53399,53407,53409,53431,53433,53486,53488,53512,53516,53518,53557,53559,53567,53573,53577,53629,53631,53657,53665,53669,53674,53683,53685,53751,53753,53785,53789,53794,53796,53810,53813,53886,53888,53914,53916,53920,53927,53931,53938,53942,53945,53947,54000,54002,54028,54032,54041,54043,54069],[10,52417,52413],{"id":52418},"python-list-append-method",[20,52420,1750,52421,52424,52425,52428,52429,52432],{},[15,52422,52423],{},"append()"," method adds ",[123,52426,52427],{},"one item"," to the ",[123,52430,52431],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52434,52435,52436,52438],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[123,52437,902],{}," create a new list.",[131,52440,3385],{"id":3384},[46,52442,52444],{"className":48,"code":52443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52445,52446,52466,52480,52490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52447,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52449,3395],{"class":61},[55,52451,66],{"class":65},[55,52453,3400],{"class":91},[55,52455,2761],{"class":1210},[55,52457,2764],{"class":91},[55,52459,2767],{"class":1210},[55,52461,2764],{"class":91},[55,52463,2223],{"class":1210},[55,52465,3413],{"class":91},[55,52467,52468,52470,52472,52474,52476,52478],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52469,3427],{"class":61},[55,52471,92],{"class":91},[55,52473,13332],{"class":95},[55,52475,109],{"class":91},[55,52477,2277],{"class":1210},[55,52479,342],{"class":91},[55,52481,52482,52484,52486,52488],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,52483,106],{"class":105},[55,52485,109],{"class":91},[55,52487,3427],{"class":95},[55,52489,342],{"class":91},[55,52491,52492],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,52493,52494],{"class":118},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52496,1866,52497,52499],{},[15,52498,52423],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[131,52501,52503],{"id":52502},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52505,52506,52511,52514,52517],{},[33,52507,52508,52510],{},[15,52509,52423],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52512,52513],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52515,52516],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52518,52519],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52521,52522],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52524,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535],{},[33,52526,3427],{},[33,52528,5092],{},[33,52530,40367],{},[33,52532,5083],{},[33,52534,7036],{},[33,52536,34433],{},[20,52538,52539,52540,92],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[166,52541,52542],{"href":50749},"Python lists explained for beginners",[131,52544,5215],{"id":5214},[20,52546,52547],{},"Basic form:",[46,52549,52551],{"className":48,"code":52550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52552,52553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52554,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52556,8121],{"class":61},[55,52558,92],{"class":91},[55,52560,13332],{"class":95},[55,52562,109],{"class":91},[55,52564,23087],{"class":95},[55,52566,342],{"class":91},[30,52568,52569,52574,52579],{},[33,52570,52571,52573],{},[15,52572,8121],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52575,52576,52578],{},[15,52577,23087],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52580,11691,52581],{},[15,52582,3556],{},[20,52584,214],{},[46,52586,52588],{"className":48,"code":52587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52589,52590,52614,52637,52641,52651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52591,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52593,36009],{"class":61},[55,52595,66],{"class":65},[55,52597,3400],{"class":91},[55,52599,228],{"class":69},[55,52601,3860],{"class":73},[55,52603,228],{"class":69},[55,52605,2764],{"class":91},[55,52607,70],{"class":69},[55,52609,3869],{"class":73},[55,52611,228],{"class":69},[55,52613,3413],{"class":91},[55,52615,52616,52618,52620,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52617,83],{"class":61},[55,52619,66],{"class":65},[55,52621,52622],{"class":61}," fruits",[55,52624,92],{"class":91},[55,52626,13332],{"class":95},[55,52628,109],{"class":91},[55,52630,228],{"class":69},[55,52632,32994],{"class":73},[55,52634,228],{"class":69},[55,52636,342],{"class":91},[55,52638,52639],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,52640,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,52642,52643,52645,52647,52649],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,52644,106],{"class":105},[55,52646,109],{"class":91},[55,52648,36061],{"class":95},[55,52650,342],{"class":91},[55,52652,52653,52655,52657,52659],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,52654,106],{"class":105},[55,52656,109],{"class":91},[55,52658,112],{"class":95},[55,52660,342],{"class":91},[20,52662,357],{},[46,52664,52666],{"className":48,"code":52665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52667,52668,52696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52669,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52671,3680],{"class":91},[55,52673,3077],{"class":69},[55,52675,3860],{"class":73},[55,52677,3077],{"class":69},[55,52679,2764],{"class":91},[55,52681,3072],{"class":69},[55,52683,3869],{"class":73},[55,52685,3077],{"class":69},[55,52687,2764],{"class":91},[55,52689,3072],{"class":69},[55,52691,32994],{"class":73},[55,52693,3077],{"class":69},[55,52695,3413],{"class":91},[55,52697,52698],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52699,11588],{"class":3631},[20,52701,52702,52703,52705,52706,52708,52709,92],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52704,52423],{}," updates ",[15,52707,36061],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52710,3556],{},[131,52712,286],{"id":285},[20,52714,52715],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[46,52717,52719],{"className":48,"code":52718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52720,52721,52745,52763,52767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52722,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741,52743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52724,12855],{"class":61},[55,52726,66],{"class":65},[55,52728,3400],{"class":91},[55,52730,228],{"class":69},[55,52732,12872],{"class":73},[55,52734,228],{"class":69},[55,52736,2764],{"class":91},[55,52738,70],{"class":69},[55,52740,705],{"class":73},[55,52742,228],{"class":69},[55,52744,3413],{"class":91},[55,52746,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52748,17279],{"class":61},[55,52750,92],{"class":91},[55,52752,13332],{"class":95},[55,52754,109],{"class":91},[55,52756,228],{"class":69},[55,52758,17232],{"class":73},[55,52760,228],{"class":69},[55,52762,342],{"class":91},[55,52764,52765],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,52766,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,52768,52769,52771,52773,52775],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,52770,106],{"class":105},[55,52772,109],{"class":91},[55,52774,17279],{"class":95},[55,52776,342],{"class":91},[20,52778,357],{},[46,52780,52782],{"className":48,"code":52781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52783,52784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52785,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808,52810],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52787,3680],{"class":91},[55,52789,3077],{"class":69},[55,52791,12872],{"class":73},[55,52793,3077],{"class":69},[55,52795,2764],{"class":91},[55,52797,3072],{"class":69},[55,52799,705],{"class":73},[55,52801,3077],{"class":69},[55,52803,2764],{"class":91},[55,52805,3072],{"class":69},[55,52807,17232],{"class":73},[55,52809,3077],{"class":69},[55,52811,3413],{"class":91},[20,52813,52814],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52816,30855,52817,92],{},[166,52818,52820],{"href":52819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[131,52822,52824],{"id":52823},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52826,52827],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[46,52829,52831],{"className":48,"code":52830,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52832,52833,52841,52845,52859,52877,52891,52917,52939,52943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52834,52835,52837,52839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52836,7563],{"class":61},[55,52838,66],{"class":65},[55,52840,7623],{"class":91},[55,52842,52843],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,52844,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,52846,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,52848,7594],{"class":61},[55,52850,92],{"class":91},[55,52852,13332],{"class":95},[55,52854,109],{"class":91},[55,52856,2101],{"class":1210},[55,52858,342],{"class":91},[55,52860,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,52862,7594],{"class":61},[55,52864,92],{"class":91},[55,52866,13332],{"class":95},[55,52868,109],{"class":91},[55,52870,228],{"class":69},[55,52872,3624],{"class":73},[55,52874,228],{"class":69},[55,52876,342],{"class":91},[55,52878,52879,52881,52883,52885,52887,52889],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,52880,7594],{"class":61},[55,52882,92],{"class":91},[55,52884,13332],{"class":95},[55,52886,109],{"class":91},[55,52888,3380],{"class":3631},[55,52890,342],{"class":91},[55,52892,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,52894,7594],{"class":61},[55,52896,92],{"class":91},[55,52898,13332],{"class":95},[55,52900,5314],{"class":91},[55,52902,228],{"class":69},[55,52904,273],{"class":73},[55,52906,228],{"class":69},[55,52908,539],{"class":91},[55,52910,70],{"class":69},[55,52912,7460],{"class":73},[55,52914,228],{"class":69},[55,52916,30268],{"class":91},[55,52918,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,52920,7594],{"class":61},[55,52922,92],{"class":91},[55,52924,13332],{"class":95},[55,52926,2758],{"class":91},[55,52928,2761],{"class":1210},[55,52930,2764],{"class":91},[55,52932,2767],{"class":1210},[55,52934,2764],{"class":91},[55,52936,2223],{"class":1210},[55,52938,3668],{"class":91},[55,52940,52941],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,52942,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,52944,52945,52947,52949,52951],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,52946,106],{"class":105},[55,52948,109],{"class":91},[55,52950,7594],{"class":95},[55,52952,342],{"class":91},[20,52954,357],{},[46,52956,52958],{"className":48,"code":52957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52959,52960],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52961,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52963,3680],{"class":91},[55,52965,2101],{"class":1210},[55,52967,2764],{"class":91},[55,52969,3072],{"class":69},[55,52971,3624],{"class":73},[55,52973,3077],{"class":69},[55,52975,2764],{"class":91},[55,52977,3696],{"class":3631},[55,52979,2764],{"class":91},[55,52981,10272],{"class":91},[55,52983,3077],{"class":69},[55,52985,273],{"class":73},[55,52987,3077],{"class":69},[55,52989,539],{"class":91},[55,52991,3072],{"class":69},[55,52993,7460],{"class":73},[55,52995,3077],{"class":69},[55,52997,52998],{"class":91},"},",[55,53000,3400],{"class":91},[55,53002,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53004,2764],{"class":91},[55,53006,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53008,2764],{"class":91},[55,53010,2223],{"class":1210},[55,53012,53013],{"class":91},"]]\n",[20,53015,53016,53017,41928,53019,92],{},"A list added with ",[15,53018,52423],{},[123,53020,53021],{},"one single item",[46,53023,53025],{"className":48,"code":53024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53026,53027,53043,53061,53065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53028,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53030,3395],{"class":61},[55,53032,66],{"class":65},[55,53034,3400],{"class":91},[55,53036,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53038,2764],{"class":91},[55,53040,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53042,3413],{"class":91},[55,53044,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53046,3427],{"class":61},[55,53048,92],{"class":91},[55,53050,13332],{"class":95},[55,53052,2758],{"class":91},[55,53054,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53056,2764],{"class":91},[55,53058,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53060,3668],{"class":91},[55,53062,53063],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53064,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53066,53067,53069,53071,53073],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53068,106],{"class":105},[55,53070,109],{"class":91},[55,53072,3427],{"class":95},[55,53074,342],{"class":91},[20,53076,357],{},[46,53078,53080],{"className":48,"code":53079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53081,53082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53083,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53085,3680],{"class":91},[55,53087,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53089,2764],{"class":91},[55,53091,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53093,2764],{"class":91},[55,53095,3400],{"class":91},[55,53097,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53099,2764],{"class":91},[55,53101,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53103,53013],{"class":91},[20,53105,2057,53106,53109],{},[15,53107,53108],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53111,53112,53113,53119],{},"This is different from ",[166,53114,53116],{"href":53115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53117,53118],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[131,53121,53123],{"id":53122},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53125,53126],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1003,53128,1185,53130],{"id":53129},"using-append",[15,53131,52423],{},[46,53133,53134],{"className":48,"code":53024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53135,53136,53152,53170,53174],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53137,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53139,3395],{"class":61},[55,53141,66],{"class":65},[55,53143,3400],{"class":91},[55,53145,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53147,2764],{"class":91},[55,53149,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53151,3413],{"class":91},[55,53153,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53155,3427],{"class":61},[55,53157,92],{"class":91},[55,53159,13332],{"class":95},[55,53161,2758],{"class":91},[55,53163,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53165,2764],{"class":91},[55,53167,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53169,3668],{"class":91},[55,53171,53172],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53173,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53175,53176,53178,53180,53182],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53177,106],{"class":105},[55,53179,109],{"class":91},[55,53181,3427],{"class":95},[55,53183,342],{"class":91},[20,53185,357],{},[46,53187,53188],{"className":48,"code":53079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53189,53190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53191,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53193,3680],{"class":91},[55,53195,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53197,2764],{"class":91},[55,53199,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53201,2764],{"class":91},[55,53203,3400],{"class":91},[55,53205,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53207,2764],{"class":91},[55,53209,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53211,53013],{"class":91},[1003,53213,1185,53215],{"id":53214},"using-extend",[15,53216,53217],{},"extend()",[46,53219,53221],{"className":48,"code":53220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53222,53223,53239,53258,53262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53224,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53226,3395],{"class":61},[55,53228,66],{"class":65},[55,53230,3400],{"class":91},[55,53232,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53234,2764],{"class":91},[55,53236,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53238,3413],{"class":91},[55,53240,53241,53243,53245,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53242,3427],{"class":61},[55,53244,92],{"class":91},[55,53246,53247],{"class":95},"extend",[55,53249,2758],{"class":91},[55,53251,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53253,2764],{"class":91},[55,53255,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53257,3668],{"class":91},[55,53259,53260],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53261,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53263,53264,53266,53268,53270],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53265,106],{"class":105},[55,53267,109],{"class":91},[55,53269,3427],{"class":95},[55,53271,342],{"class":91},[20,53273,357],{},[46,53275,53277],{"className":48,"code":53276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53278,53279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53280,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53282,3680],{"class":91},[55,53284,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53286,2764],{"class":91},[55,53288,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53290,2764],{"class":91},[55,53292,2223],{"class":1210},[55,53294,2764],{"class":91},[55,53296,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53298,3413],{"class":91},[20,53300,53301],{},"The difference:",[30,53303,53304,53310,53316,53321],{},[33,53305,53306,53309],{},[15,53307,53308],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53311,53312,53315],{},[15,53313,53314],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53317,1866,53318,53320],{},[15,53319,52423],{}," for one item",[33,53322,1866,53323,53325],{},[15,53324,53217],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53327,53328,53329,92],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[166,53330,53331],{"href":53115},"Python list extend() method",[131,53333,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,53335,53337],{"id":53336},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53339,25463],{},[46,53341,53343],{"className":48,"code":53342,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53344,53345,53365,53383,53387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53346,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53348,7563],{"class":61},[55,53350,66],{"class":65},[55,53352,3400],{"class":91},[55,53354,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53356,2764],{"class":91},[55,53358,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53360,2764],{"class":91},[55,53362,2223],{"class":1210},[55,53364,3413],{"class":91},[55,53366,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53368,7563],{"class":61},[55,53370,66],{"class":65},[55,53372,5751],{"class":61},[55,53374,92],{"class":91},[55,53376,13332],{"class":95},[55,53378,109],{"class":91},[55,53380,2277],{"class":1210},[55,53382,342],{"class":91},[55,53384,53385],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53386,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53388,53389,53391,53393,53395],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53390,106],{"class":105},[55,53392,109],{"class":91},[55,53394,7594],{"class":95},[55,53396,342],{"class":91},[20,53398,357],{},[46,53400,53401],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53402,53403],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53404,53405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53406,11588],{"class":3631},[20,53408,11680],{},[30,53410,53411,53416,53422],{},[33,53412,53413,53415],{},[15,53414,52423],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53417,53418,2168,53420],{},[15,53419,52423],{},[15,53421,3556],{},[33,53423,53424,53425,53428,53429],{},"So ",[15,53426,53427],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53430,3556],{},[20,53432,10588],{},[46,53434,53436],{"className":48,"code":53435,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53437,53438,53458,53472,53476],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53439,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53441,7563],{"class":61},[55,53443,66],{"class":65},[55,53445,3400],{"class":91},[55,53447,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53449,2764],{"class":91},[55,53451,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53453,2764],{"class":91},[55,53455,2223],{"class":1210},[55,53457,3413],{"class":91},[55,53459,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53461,7594],{"class":61},[55,53463,92],{"class":91},[55,53465,13332],{"class":95},[55,53467,109],{"class":91},[55,53469,2277],{"class":1210},[55,53471,342],{"class":91},[55,53473,53474],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53475,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53477,53478,53480,53482,53484],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53479,106],{"class":105},[55,53481,109],{"class":91},[55,53483,7594],{"class":95},[55,53485,342],{"class":91},[20,53487,357],{},[46,53489,53490],{"className":48,"code":53276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53491,53492],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53493,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53495,3680],{"class":91},[55,53497,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53499,2764],{"class":91},[55,53501,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53503,2764],{"class":91},[55,53505,2223],{"class":1210},[55,53507,2764],{"class":91},[55,53509,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53511,3413],{"class":91},[1003,53513,53515],{"id":53514},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53517,18691],{},[46,53519,53521],{"className":48,"code":53520,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53522,53523,53547],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53524,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53526,31655],{"class":61},[55,53528,66],{"class":65},[55,53530,3400],{"class":91},[55,53532,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53534,2764],{"class":91},[55,53536,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53538,13329],{"class":91},[55,53540,13332],{"class":95},[55,53542,109],{"class":91},[55,53544,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53546,342],{"class":91},[55,53548,53549,53551,53553,53555],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53550,106],{"class":105},[55,53552,109],{"class":91},[55,53554,31674],{"class":95},[55,53556,342],{"class":91},[20,53558,357],{},[46,53560,53561],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53562,53563],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53564,53565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53566,11588],{"class":3631},[20,53568,53569,53570,53572],{},"Remember: ",[15,53571,52423],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1003,53574,53576],{"id":53575},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[46,53578,53579],{"className":48,"code":53024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53580,53581,53597,53615,53619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53584,3395],{"class":61},[55,53586,66],{"class":65},[55,53588,3400],{"class":91},[55,53590,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53592,2764],{"class":91},[55,53594,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53596,3413],{"class":91},[55,53598,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53600,3427],{"class":61},[55,53602,92],{"class":91},[55,53604,13332],{"class":95},[55,53606,2758],{"class":91},[55,53608,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53610,2764],{"class":91},[55,53612,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53614,3668],{"class":91},[55,53616,53617],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53618,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53620,53621,53623,53625,53627],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53622,106],{"class":105},[55,53624,109],{"class":91},[55,53626,3427],{"class":95},[55,53628,342],{"class":91},[20,53630,357],{},[46,53632,53633],{"className":48,"code":53079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53634,53635],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53636,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53638,3680],{"class":91},[55,53640,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53642,2764],{"class":91},[55,53644,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53646,2764],{"class":91},[55,53648,3400],{"class":91},[55,53650,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53652,2764],{"class":91},[55,53654,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53656,53013],{"class":91},[20,53658,2945,53659,53662,53663,6417],{},[15,53660,53661],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53664,53217],{},[1003,53666,53668],{"id":53667},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53670,53671,53673],{},[15,53672,52423],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53675,53676,53677,92],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[166,53678,53680],{"href":53679},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53681,53682],{},"list.insert()",[20,53684,214],{},[46,53686,53688],{"className":48,"code":53687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53689,53690,53714,53737,53741],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53691,53692,53694,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53693,35860],{"class":61},[55,53695,66],{"class":65},[55,53697,3400],{"class":91},[55,53699,228],{"class":69},[55,53701,166],{"class":73},[55,53703,228],{"class":69},[55,53705,2764],{"class":91},[55,53707,70],{"class":69},[55,53709,9520],{"class":73},[55,53711,228],{"class":69},[55,53713,3413],{"class":91},[55,53715,53716,53718,53720,53723,53725,53727,53729,53731,53733,53735],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53717,35913],{"class":61},[55,53719,92],{"class":91},[55,53721,53722],{"class":95},"insert",[55,53724,109],{"class":91},[55,53726,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53728,2764],{"class":91},[55,53730,70],{"class":69},[55,53732,4543],{"class":73},[55,53734,228],{"class":69},[55,53736,342],{"class":91},[55,53738,53739],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53740,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53742,53743,53745,53747,53749],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53744,106],{"class":105},[55,53746,109],{"class":91},[55,53748,35913],{"class":95},[55,53750,342],{"class":91},[20,53752,357],{},[46,53754,53755],{"className":48,"code":42648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,53756,53757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53758,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779,53781,53783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53760,3680],{"class":91},[55,53762,3077],{"class":69},[55,53764,166],{"class":73},[55,53766,3077],{"class":69},[55,53768,2764],{"class":91},[55,53770,3072],{"class":69},[55,53772,4543],{"class":73},[55,53774,3077],{"class":69},[55,53776,2764],{"class":91},[55,53778,3072],{"class":69},[55,53780,9520],{"class":73},[55,53782,3077],{"class":69},[55,53784,3413],{"class":91},[131,53786,53788],{"id":53787},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53790,53791,53793],{},[15,53792,52423],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53795,36196],{},[30,53797,53798,53801,53804,53807],{},[33,53799,53800],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53802,53803],{},"collecting user input",[33,53805,53806],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53808,53809],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53811,53812],{},"Example with a loop:",[46,53814,53816],{"className":48,"code":53815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53817,53818,53827,53831,53852,53871,53875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53819,53820,53823,53825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53821,53822],{"class":61},"squares ",[55,53824,66],{"class":65},[55,53826,7623],{"class":91},[55,53828,53829],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53830,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53832,53833,53835,53837,53839,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53834,5743],{"class":487},[55,53836,6173],{"class":61},[55,53838,3662],{"class":487},[55,53840,53841],{"class":105}," range",[55,53843,109],{"class":91},[55,53845,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53847,2764],{"class":91},[55,53849,4388],{"class":1210},[55,53851,8124],{"class":91},[55,53853,53854,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53855,53856],{"class":61},"    squares",[55,53858,92],{"class":91},[55,53860,13332],{"class":95},[55,53862,109],{"class":91},[55,53864,1205],{"class":95},[55,53866,39645],{"class":65},[55,53868,1971],{"class":95},[55,53870,342],{"class":91},[55,53872,53873],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,53874,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53876,53877,53879,53881,53884],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,53878,106],{"class":105},[55,53880,109],{"class":91},[55,53882,53883],{"class":95},"squares",[55,53885,342],{"class":91},[20,53887,357],{},[46,53889,53891],{"className":48,"code":53890,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53892,53893],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53894,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905,53908,53910,53912],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53896,3680],{"class":91},[55,53898,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53900,2764],{"class":91},[55,53902,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53904,2764],{"class":91},[55,53906,53907],{"class":1210}," 9",[55,53909,2764],{"class":91},[55,53911,13767],{"class":1210},[55,53913,3413],{"class":91},[131,53915,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,53917,53919],{"id":53918},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53921,46135,53922,53924,53925,92],{},[15,53923,52423],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53926,3556],{},[1003,53928,53930],{"id":53929},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53932,53933,53934,92],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[166,53935,53936],{"href":53115},[15,53937,53217],{},[1003,53939,53941],{"id":53940},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53943,53944],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53946,214],{},[46,53948,53950],{"className":48,"code":53949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53951,53952,53968,53986,53990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53953,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53955,8945],{"class":61},[55,53957,66],{"class":65},[55,53959,3400],{"class":91},[55,53961,2761],{"class":1210},[55,53963,2764],{"class":91},[55,53965,2767],{"class":1210},[55,53967,3413],{"class":91},[55,53969,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978,53980,53982,53984],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,53971,8984],{"class":61},[55,53973,92],{"class":91},[55,53975,13332],{"class":95},[55,53977,2758],{"class":91},[55,53979,1835],{"class":1210},[55,53981,2764],{"class":91},[55,53983,2229],{"class":1210},[55,53985,3668],{"class":91},[55,53987,53988],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,53989,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,53991,53992,53994,53996,53998],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,53993,106],{"class":105},[55,53995,109],{"class":91},[55,53997,8984],{"class":95},[55,53999,342],{"class":91},[20,54001,357],{},[46,54003,54004],{"className":48,"code":53079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54005,54006],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54007,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54009,3680],{"class":91},[55,54011,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54013,2764],{"class":91},[55,54015,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54017,2764],{"class":91},[55,54019,3400],{"class":91},[55,54021,1835],{"class":1210},[55,54023,2764],{"class":91},[55,54025,2229],{"class":1210},[55,54027,53013],{"class":91},[1003,54029,54031],{"id":54030},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54033,54034,54036,54037,54040],{},[15,54035,52423],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54038,54039],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[131,54042,1643],{"id":1642},[30,54044,54045,54050,54054,54059,54063],{},[33,54046,54047],{},[166,54048,54049],{"href":52819},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,54051,54052],{},[166,54053,53331],{"href":53115},[33,54055,54056],{},[166,54057,54058],{"href":53679},"Python list insert() method",[33,54060,54061],{},[166,54062,52542],{"href":50749},[33,54064,54065],{},[166,54066,54068],{"href":54067},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1696,54070,54071],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":54073},[54074,54075,54076,54077,54078,54079,54085,54091,54092,54098],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":52502,"depth":80,"text":52503},{"id":5214,"depth":80,"text":5215},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":52823,"depth":80,"text":52824},{"id":53122,"depth":80,"text":53123,"children":54080},[54081,54083],{"id":53129,"depth":102,"text":54082},"Using append()",{"id":53214,"depth":102,"text":54084},"Using extend()",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":54086},[54087,54088,54089,54090],{"id":53336,"depth":102,"text":53337},{"id":53514,"depth":102,"text":53515},{"id":53575,"depth":102,"text":53576},{"id":53667,"depth":102,"text":53668},{"id":53787,"depth":80,"text":53788},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":54093},[54094,54095,54096,54097],{"id":53918,"depth":102,"text":53919},{"id":53929,"depth":102,"text":53930},{"id":53940,"depth":102,"text":53941},{"id":54030,"depth":102,"text":54031},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52413,"description":54099},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54106,"title":54107,"body":54108,"description":55352,"extension":1733,"meta":55353,"navigation":248,"path":55354,"seo":55355,"stem":55356,"__hash__":55357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54109,"toc":55317},[54110,54116,54122,54128,54130,54178,54183,54188,54192,54208,54214,54216,54219,54234,54236,54247,54249,54251,54308,54310,54318,54320,54336,54342,54344,54350,54354,54438,54441,54490,54497,54505,54508,54522,54535,54541,54616,54623,54630,54704,54712,54715,54726,54735,54739,54743,54754,54756,54833,54854,54856,54866,54869,54917,54919,54940,54943,54945,54996,55002,55009,55076,55082,55088,55091,55118,55123,55129,55132,55204,55207,55218,55224,55226,55232,55235,55241,55247,55254,55262,55268,55274,55276,55314],[10,54111,54113,54114,18],{"id":54112},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54115,11102],{},[20,54117,54118,54121],{},[15,54119,54120],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54123,54124,54125,54127],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[123,54126,11114],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[131,54129,3385],{"id":3384},[46,54131,54133],{"className":48,"code":54132,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54134,54135,54155,54165],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54136,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54138,7563],{"class":61},[55,54140,66],{"class":65},[55,54142,3400],{"class":91},[55,54144,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54146,2764],{"class":91},[55,54148,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54150,2764],{"class":91},[55,54152,2223],{"class":1210},[55,54154,3413],{"class":91},[55,54156,54157,54159,54161,54163],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54158,7594],{"class":61},[55,54160,92],{"class":91},[55,54162,11163],{"class":95},[55,54164,99],{"class":91},[55,54166,54167,54169,54171,54173,54175],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54168,106],{"class":105},[55,54170,109],{"class":91},[55,54172,7594],{"class":95},[55,54174,115],{"class":91},[55,54176,54177],{"class":118},"  # []\n",[20,54179,1866,54180,54182],{},[15,54181,11102],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[131,54184,134,54186,137],{"id":54185},"what-listclear-does",[15,54187,54120],{},[20,54189,54190,539],{},[15,54191,54120],{},[30,54193,54194,54197,54200,54205],{},[33,54195,54196],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54198,54199],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54201,54202,54203],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54204,3565],{},[33,54206,54207],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54209,54210,54211,54213],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54212,11102],{},", but it contains no values.",[131,54215,178],{"id":177},[20,54217,54218],{},"Syntax:",[46,54220,54222],{"className":48,"code":54221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54223,54224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54225,54226,54228,54230,54232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54227,8121],{"class":61},[55,54229,92],{"class":91},[55,54231,11163],{"class":95},[55,54233,99],{"class":91},[20,54235,11239],{},[30,54237,54238,54241,54244],{},[33,54239,54240],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54242,54243],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54245,54246],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[131,54248,286],{"id":285},[20,54250,11257],{},[46,54252,54254],{"className":48,"code":54253,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54255,54256,54280,54284,54294,54298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54257,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268,54270,54272,54274,54276,54278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54259,3395],{"class":61},[55,54261,66],{"class":65},[55,54263,3400],{"class":91},[55,54265,2101],{"class":1210},[55,54267,2764],{"class":91},[55,54269,7574],{"class":1210},[55,54271,2764],{"class":91},[55,54273,7579],{"class":1210},[55,54275,2764],{"class":91},[55,54277,50615],{"class":1210},[55,54279,3413],{"class":91},[55,54281,54282],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54283,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54285,54286,54288,54290,54292],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54287,3427],{"class":61},[55,54289,92],{"class":91},[55,54291,11163],{"class":95},[55,54293,99],{"class":91},[55,54295,54296],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,54297,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54299,54300,54302,54304,54306],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,54301,106],{"class":105},[55,54303,109],{"class":91},[55,54305,3427],{"class":95},[55,54307,342],{"class":91},[20,54309,357],{},[46,54311,54312],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54313,54314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54315,54316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54317,38069],{"class":91},[20,54319,11463],{},[30,54321,54322,54327,54333],{},[33,54323,54324,54326],{},[15,54325,3427],{}," starts with four items",[33,54328,54329,54332],{},[15,54330,54331],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54334,54335],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54337,54338,54339,92],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[166,54340,52542],{"href":54341},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[131,54343,446],{"id":445},[20,54345,54346,2168,54348,92],{},[15,54347,11102],{},[15,54349,3556],{},[20,54351,40679,54352,52438],{},[123,54353,902],{},[46,54355,54357],{"className":48,"code":54356,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54358,54359,54391,54395,54409,54413,54426],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54360,54361,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383,54385,54387,54389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54362,7563],{"class":61},[55,54364,66],{"class":65},[55,54366,3400],{"class":91},[55,54368,228],{"class":69},[55,54370,166],{"class":73},[55,54372,228],{"class":69},[55,54374,2764],{"class":91},[55,54376,70],{"class":69},[55,54378,4543],{"class":73},[55,54380,228],{"class":69},[55,54382,2764],{"class":91},[55,54384,70],{"class":69},[55,54386,9520],{"class":73},[55,54388,228],{"class":69},[55,54390,3413],{"class":91},[55,54392,54393],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54394,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54396,54397,54399,54401,54403,54405,54407],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54398,83],{"class":61},[55,54400,66],{"class":65},[55,54402,5751],{"class":61},[55,54404,92],{"class":91},[55,54406,11163],{"class":95},[55,54408,99],{"class":91},[55,54410,54411],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,54412,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54414,54415,54417,54419,54421,54423],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,54416,106],{"class":105},[55,54418,109],{"class":91},[55,54420,7594],{"class":95},[55,54422,115],{"class":91},[55,54424,54425],{"class":118},"   # []\n",[55,54427,54428,54430,54432,54434,54436],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,54429,106],{"class":105},[55,54431,109],{"class":91},[55,54433,112],{"class":95},[55,54435,115],{"class":91},[55,54437,20654],{"class":118},[20,54439,54440],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[46,54442,54444],{"className":48,"code":54443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54445,54446,54466,54480],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54447,54448,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54449,7563],{"class":61},[55,54451,66],{"class":65},[55,54453,3400],{"class":91},[55,54455,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54457,2764],{"class":91},[55,54459,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54461,2764],{"class":91},[55,54463,2223],{"class":1210},[55,54465,3413],{"class":91},[55,54467,54468,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54469,7563],{"class":61},[55,54471,66],{"class":65},[55,54473,5751],{"class":61},[55,54475,92],{"class":91},[55,54477,11163],{"class":95},[55,54479,99],{"class":91},[55,54481,54482,54484,54486,54488],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54483,106],{"class":105},[55,54485,109],{"class":91},[55,54487,7594],{"class":95},[55,54489,342],{"class":91},[20,54491,11696,54492,41928,54494,54496],{},[15,54493,7594],{},[15,54495,3556],{},", not an empty list.",[131,54498,54500,54502,54503],{"id":54499},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54501,11102],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54504,3565],{},[20,54506,54507],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[46,54509,54510],{"className":48,"code":54221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,54511,54512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54513,54514,54516,54518,54520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54515,8121],{"class":61},[55,54517,92],{"class":91},[55,54519,11163],{"class":95},[55,54521,99],{"class":91},[46,54523,54525],{"className":48,"code":54524,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n",[15,54526,54527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54528,54529,54531,54533],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54530,8090],{"class":61},[55,54532,66],{"class":65},[55,54534,7623],{"class":91},[1003,54536,54538,54540],{"id":54537},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54539,11102],{}," empties the same list object",[46,54542,54544],{"className":48,"code":54543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54545,54546,54566,54574,54578,54588,54592,54604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54547,54548,54550,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560,54562,54564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54549,2327],{"class":61},[55,54551,66],{"class":65},[55,54553,3400],{"class":91},[55,54555,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54557,2764],{"class":91},[55,54559,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54561,2764],{"class":91},[55,54563,2223],{"class":1210},[55,54565,3413],{"class":91},[55,54567,54568,54570,54572],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54569,2355],{"class":61},[55,54571,66],{"class":65},[55,54573,35945],{"class":61},[55,54575,54576],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54577,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54579,54580,54582,54584,54586],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,54581,166],{"class":61},[55,54583,92],{"class":91},[55,54585,11163],{"class":95},[55,54587,99],{"class":91},[55,54589,54590],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,54591,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54593,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,54595,106],{"class":105},[55,54597,109],{"class":91},[55,54599,166],{"class":95},[55,54601,115],{"class":91},[55,54603,54177],{"class":118},[55,54605,54606,54608,54610,54612,54614],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,54607,106],{"class":105},[55,54609,109],{"class":91},[55,54611,4543],{"class":95},[55,54613,115],{"class":91},[55,54615,54177],{"class":118},[20,54617,10371,54618,1377,54620,54622],{},[15,54619,166],{},[15,54621,4543],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1003,54624,54626,54629],{"id":54625},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54627,54628],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[46,54631,54633],{"className":48,"code":54632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54634,54635,54655,54663,54667,54675,54679,54691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54636,54637,54639,54641,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54638,2327],{"class":61},[55,54640,66],{"class":65},[55,54642,3400],{"class":91},[55,54644,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54646,2764],{"class":91},[55,54648,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54650,2764],{"class":91},[55,54652,2223],{"class":1210},[55,54654,3413],{"class":91},[55,54656,54657,54659,54661],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54658,2355],{"class":61},[55,54660,66],{"class":65},[55,54662,35945],{"class":61},[55,54664,54665],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54666,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54668,54669,54671,54673],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,54670,2327],{"class":61},[55,54672,66],{"class":65},[55,54674,7623],{"class":91},[55,54676,54677],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,54678,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54680,54681,54683,54685,54687,54689],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,54682,106],{"class":105},[55,54684,109],{"class":91},[55,54686,166],{"class":95},[55,54688,115],{"class":91},[55,54690,54177],{"class":118},[55,54692,54693,54695,54697,54699,54701],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,54694,106],{"class":105},[55,54696,109],{"class":91},[55,54698,4543],{"class":95},[55,54700,115],{"class":91},[55,54702,54703],{"class":118},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54705,20549,54706,54708,54709,54711],{},[15,54707,166],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54710,4543],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54713,54714],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54716,54717,54720,54723],{},[33,54718,54719],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54721,54722],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54724,54725],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54727,54728,54729,92],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[166,54730,54732,54733,1573],{"href":54731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54734,12556],{},[131,54736,4744,54737],{"id":12218},[15,54738,11102],{},[20,54740,1866,54741,6104],{},[15,54742,11102],{},[30,54744,54745,54748,54751],{},[33,54746,54747],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54749,54750],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54752,54753],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54755,214],{},[46,54757,54759],{"className":48,"code":54758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54760,54761,54797,54801,54806,54817,54821],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54762,54763,54766,54768,54770,54772,54775,54777,54779,54781,54784,54786,54788,54790,54793,54795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54764,54765],{"class":61},"shopping_cart ",[55,54767,66],{"class":65},[55,54769,3400],{"class":91},[55,54771,228],{"class":69},[55,54773,54774],{"class":73},"milk",[55,54776,228],{"class":69},[55,54778,2764],{"class":91},[55,54780,70],{"class":69},[55,54782,54783],{"class":73},"bread",[55,54785,228],{"class":69},[55,54787,2764],{"class":91},[55,54789,70],{"class":69},[55,54791,54792],{"class":73},"eggs",[55,54794,228],{"class":69},[55,54796,3413],{"class":91},[55,54798,54799],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54800,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54802,54803],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54804,54805],{"class":118},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[55,54807,54808,54811,54813,54815],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,54809,54810],{"class":61},"shopping_cart",[55,54812,92],{"class":91},[55,54814,11163],{"class":95},[55,54816,99],{"class":91},[55,54818,54819],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,54820,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54822,54823,54825,54827,54829,54831],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,54824,106],{"class":105},[55,54826,109],{"class":91},[55,54828,54810],{"class":95},[55,54830,115],{"class":91},[55,54832,54177],{"class":118},[20,54834,54835,54836,54840,54841,54847,54848,92],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[166,54837,54839],{"href":54838},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[166,54842,54844,1573],{"href":54843},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54845,54846],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[166,54849,54851,1573],{"href":54850},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54852,54853],{},"list.pop()",[131,54855,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,54857,54859,54860,1012,54863],{"id":54858},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54861,54862],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54864,54865],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54867,54868],{},"This does not call the method.",[46,54870,54872],{"className":48,"code":54871,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54873,54874,54894,54898,54907],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54875,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54877,7563],{"class":61},[55,54879,66],{"class":65},[55,54881,3400],{"class":91},[55,54883,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54885,2764],{"class":91},[55,54887,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54889,2764],{"class":91},[55,54891,2223],{"class":1210},[55,54893,3413],{"class":91},[55,54895,54896],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54897,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54899,54900,54902,54904],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54901,7594],{"class":61},[55,54903,92],{"class":91},[55,54905,54906],{"class":1047},"clear\n",[55,54908,54909,54911,54913,54915],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,54910,106],{"class":105},[55,54912,109],{"class":91},[55,54914,7594],{"class":95},[55,54916,342],{"class":91},[20,54918,357],{},[46,54920,54922],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54923,54924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54925,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54927,3680],{"class":91},[55,54929,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54931,2764],{"class":91},[55,54933,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54935,2764],{"class":91},[55,54937,2223],{"class":1210},[55,54939,3413],{"class":91},[20,54941,54942],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54944,10588],{},[46,54946,54948],{"className":48,"code":54947,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54949,54950,54970,54974,54984],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54951,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962,54964,54966,54968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54953,7563],{"class":61},[55,54955,66],{"class":65},[55,54957,3400],{"class":91},[55,54959,2761],{"class":1210},[55,54961,2764],{"class":91},[55,54963,2767],{"class":1210},[55,54965,2764],{"class":91},[55,54967,2223],{"class":1210},[55,54969,3413],{"class":91},[55,54971,54972],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,54973,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,54975,54976,54978,54980,54982],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,54977,7594],{"class":61},[55,54979,92],{"class":91},[55,54981,11163],{"class":95},[55,54983,99],{"class":91},[55,54985,54986,54988,54990,54992,54994],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,54987,106],{"class":105},[55,54989,109],{"class":91},[55,54991,7594],{"class":95},[55,54993,115],{"class":91},[55,54995,54177],{"class":118},[1003,54997,8235,54999,55001],{"id":54998},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55000,11102],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55003,55004,2168,55006,55008],{},[15,55005,11102],{},[15,55007,3556],{},", not the list.",[46,55010,55012],{"className":48,"code":55011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55013,55014,55034,55048,55052,55064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55015,55016,55018,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55017,7563],{"class":61},[55,55019,66],{"class":65},[55,55021,3400],{"class":91},[55,55023,2761],{"class":1210},[55,55025,2764],{"class":91},[55,55027,2767],{"class":1210},[55,55029,2764],{"class":91},[55,55031,2223],{"class":1210},[55,55033,3413],{"class":91},[55,55035,55036,55038,55040,55042,55044,55046],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55037,83],{"class":61},[55,55039,66],{"class":65},[55,55041,5751],{"class":61},[55,55043,92],{"class":91},[55,55045,11163],{"class":95},[55,55047,99],{"class":91},[55,55049,55050],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,55051,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55053,55054,55056,55058,55060,55062],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,55055,106],{"class":105},[55,55057,109],{"class":91},[55,55059,112],{"class":95},[55,55061,115],{"class":91},[55,55063,20654],{"class":118},[55,55065,55066,55068,55070,55072,55074],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,55067,106],{"class":105},[55,55069,109],{"class":91},[55,55071,7594],{"class":95},[55,55073,115],{"class":91},[55,55075,54425],{"class":118},[1003,55077,1185,55079,55081],{"id":55078},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55080,11102],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55083,55084,55085,55087],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55086,11102],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55089,55090],{},"This will fail:",[46,55092,55094],{"className":48,"code":55093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55095,55096,55108],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55097,55098,55100,55102,55104,55106],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55099,62],{"class":61},[55,55101,66],{"class":65},[55,55103,70],{"class":69},[55,55105,3624],{"class":73},[55,55107,77],{"class":69},[55,55109,55110,55112,55114,55116],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55111,352],{"class":61},[55,55113,92],{"class":91},[55,55115,11163],{"class":95},[55,55117,99],{"class":91},[20,55119,55120,55121,1232],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55122,11102],{},[20,55124,55125,55126,55128],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55127,3556],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55130,55131],{},"Useful checks:",[46,55133,55135],{"className":48,"code":55134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55136,55137,55147,55161,55175,55184,55194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55138,55139,55141,55143,55145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55140,106],{"class":105},[55,55142,109],{"class":91},[55,55144,8121],{"class":95},[55,55146,342],{"class":91},[55,55148,55149,55151,55153,55155,55157,55159],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55150,106],{"class":105},[55,55152,109],{"class":91},[55,55154,1266],{"class":1265},[55,55156,109],{"class":91},[55,55158,8121],{"class":95},[55,55160,1273],{"class":91},[55,55162,55163,55165,55167,55169,55171,55173],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,55164,106],{"class":105},[55,55166,109],{"class":91},[55,55168,12430],{"class":105},[55,55170,109],{"class":91},[55,55172,8121],{"class":95},[55,55174,1273],{"class":91},[55,55176,55177,55179,55181],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,55178,43322],{"class":61},[55,55180,66],{"class":65},[55,55182,55183],{"class":61}," my_list\n",[55,55185,55186,55188,55190,55192],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,55187,8121],{"class":61},[55,55189,92],{"class":91},[55,55191,11163],{"class":95},[55,55193,99],{"class":91},[55,55195,55196,55198,55200,55202],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,55197,106],{"class":105},[55,55199,109],{"class":91},[55,55201,30515],{"class":95},[55,55203,342],{"class":91},[20,55205,55206],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55208,55209,55212,55215],{},[33,55210,55211],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55213,55214],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55216,55217],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55219,55220,55221,92],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[166,55222,55223],{"href":54067},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[131,55225,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,55227,1581,55229,55231],{"id":55228},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55230,54120],{}," delete the list?",[20,55233,55234],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1003,55236,1581,55238,55240],{"id":55237},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55239,54120],{}," return a new list?",[20,55242,55243,55244,55246],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55245,3556],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1003,55248,1626,55250,1377,55252,1631],{"id":55249},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55251,11102],{},[15,55253,54628],{},[20,55255,55256,55258,55259,55261],{},[15,55257,11102],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55260,54628],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1003,55263,1613,55265,55267],{"id":55264},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55266,11102],{}," on other types?",[20,55269,55270,55271,55273],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55272,11102],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[131,55275,1643],{"id":1642},[30,55277,55278,55282,55287,55294,55301,55307],{},[33,55279,55280],{},[166,55281,52542],{"href":54341},[33,55283,55284],{},[166,55285,55286],{"href":54838},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55288,55289],{},[166,55290,55291,55292,1573],{"href":54850},"Python list ",[15,55293,12542],{},[33,55295,55296],{},[166,55297,55291,55298,1573],{"href":54843},[15,55299,55300],{},"remove()",[33,55302,55303],{},[166,55304,55291,55305,1573],{"href":54731},[15,55306,12556],{},[33,55308,55309],{},[166,55310,30119,55311,33406],{"href":54067},[15,55312,55313],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1696,55315,55316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":55318},[55319,55320,55322,55323,55324,55325,55332,55333,55341,55351],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":54185,"depth":80,"text":55321},"What list.clear() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":54499,"depth":80,"text":55326,"children":55327},"clear() vs assigning []",[55328,55330],{"id":54537,"depth":102,"text":55329},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54625,"depth":102,"text":55331},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12218,"depth":80,"text":12588},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":55334},[55335,55337,55339],{"id":54858,"depth":102,"text":55336},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54998,"depth":102,"text":55338},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55078,"depth":102,"text":55340},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":55342},[55343,55345,55347,55349],{"id":55228,"depth":102,"text":55344},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55237,"depth":102,"text":55346},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55249,"depth":102,"text":55348},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55264,"depth":102,"text":55350},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54107,"description":55352},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55359,"title":55360,"body":55361,"description":57046,"extension":1733,"meta":57047,"navigation":248,"path":57048,"seo":57049,"stem":57050,"__hash__":57051},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55362,"toc":57014},[55363,55368,55374,55382,55384,55473,55480,55485,55489,55503,55505,55582,55584,55645,55648,55650,55652,55673,55676,55690,55693,55738,55740,55748,55751,55757,55763,55766,55843,55845,55890,55893,55898,55981,55983,56024,56029,56033,56039,56041,56049,56052,56145,56147,56205,56208,56224,56229,56239,56244,56246,56251,56256,56259,56261,56318,56321,56374,56380,56385,56389,56406,56408,56492,56494,56535,56543,56545,56550,56556,56558,56621,56626,56696,56700,56735,56738,56740,56779,56783,56859,56865,56871,56876,56898,56901,56920,56928,56930,56936,56939,56946,56954,56959,56962,56966,56972,56980,56983,56985,57011],[10,55364,54113,55366,18],{"id":55365},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55367,12556],{},[20,55369,55370,55373],{},[15,55371,55372],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55375,55376,55377,13833,55379,55381],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55378,66],{},[123,55380,902],{}," make a real copy.",[131,55383,1775],{"id":1774},[46,55385,55387],{"className":48,"code":55386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55388,55389,55409,55424,55428,55443,55447,55460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55390,55391,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405,55407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55392,3395],{"class":61},[55,55394,66],{"class":65},[55,55396,3400],{"class":91},[55,55398,2761],{"class":1210},[55,55400,2764],{"class":91},[55,55402,2767],{"class":1210},[55,55404,2764],{"class":91},[55,55406,2223],{"class":1210},[55,55408,3413],{"class":91},[55,55410,55411,55414,55416,55418,55420,55422],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55412,55413],{"class":61},"new_numbers ",[55,55415,66],{"class":65},[55,55417,4045],{"class":61},[55,55419,92],{"class":91},[55,55421,12691],{"class":95},[55,55423,99],{"class":91},[55,55425,55426],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,55427,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55429,55430,55433,55435,55437,55439,55441],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,55431,55432],{"class":61},"new_numbers",[55,55434,92],{"class":91},[55,55436,13332],{"class":95},[55,55438,109],{"class":91},[55,55440,2277],{"class":1210},[55,55442,342],{"class":91},[55,55444,55445],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,55446,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55448,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,55450,106],{"class":105},[55,55452,109],{"class":91},[55,55454,3427],{"class":95},[55,55456,115],{"class":91},[55,55458,55459],{"class":118},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[55,55461,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,55463,106],{"class":105},[55,55465,109],{"class":91},[55,55467,55432],{"class":95},[55,55469,115],{"class":91},[55,55471,55472],{"class":118},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55474,1866,55475,55477,55478,92],{},[15,55476,55372],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[123,55479,12630],{},[131,55481,134,55483,137],{"id":55482},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55484,55372],{},[20,55486,55487,539],{},[15,55488,55372],{},[30,55490,55491,55494,55497,55500],{},[33,55492,55493],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55495,55496],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55498,55499],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55501,55502],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55504,214],{},[46,55506,55508],{"className":48,"code":55507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55509,55510,55542,55557,55561,55571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55511,55512,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530,55532,55534,55536,55538,55540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55513,36009],{"class":61},[55,55515,66],{"class":65},[55,55517,3400],{"class":91},[55,55519,228],{"class":69},[55,55521,3860],{"class":73},[55,55523,228],{"class":69},[55,55525,2764],{"class":91},[55,55527,70],{"class":69},[55,55529,3869],{"class":73},[55,55531,228],{"class":69},[55,55533,2764],{"class":91},[55,55535,70],{"class":69},[55,55537,32994],{"class":73},[55,55539,228],{"class":69},[55,55541,3413],{"class":91},[55,55543,55544,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55545,55546],{"class":61},"copied_fruits ",[55,55548,66],{"class":65},[55,55550,52622],{"class":61},[55,55552,92],{"class":91},[55,55554,12691],{"class":95},[55,55556,99],{"class":91},[55,55558,55559],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,55560,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55562,55563,55565,55567,55569],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,55564,106],{"class":105},[55,55566,109],{"class":91},[55,55568,36061],{"class":95},[55,55570,342],{"class":91},[55,55572,55573,55575,55577,55580],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,55574,106],{"class":105},[55,55576,109],{"class":91},[55,55578,55579],{"class":95},"copied_fruits",[55,55581,342],{"class":91},[20,55583,357],{},[46,55585,55587],{"className":48,"code":55586,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55588,55589,55617],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55590,55591,55593,55595,55597,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613,55615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55592,3680],{"class":91},[55,55594,3077],{"class":69},[55,55596,3860],{"class":73},[55,55598,3077],{"class":69},[55,55600,2764],{"class":91},[55,55602,3072],{"class":69},[55,55604,3869],{"class":73},[55,55606,3077],{"class":69},[55,55608,2764],{"class":91},[55,55610,3072],{"class":69},[55,55612,32994],{"class":73},[55,55614,3077],{"class":69},[55,55616,3413],{"class":91},[55,55618,55619,55621,55623,55625,55627,55629,55631,55633,55635,55637,55639,55641,55643],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55620,3680],{"class":91},[55,55622,3077],{"class":69},[55,55624,3860],{"class":73},[55,55626,3077],{"class":69},[55,55628,2764],{"class":91},[55,55630,3072],{"class":69},[55,55632,3869],{"class":73},[55,55634,3077],{"class":69},[55,55636,2764],{"class":91},[55,55638,3072],{"class":69},[55,55640,32994],{"class":73},[55,55642,3077],{"class":69},[55,55644,3413],{"class":91},[20,55646,55647],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[131,55649,178],{"id":177},[20,55651,181],{},[46,55653,55655],{"className":48,"code":55654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55656,55657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55658,55659,55662,55664,55667,55669,55671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55660,55661],{"class":61},"new_list ",[55,55663,66],{"class":65},[55,55665,55666],{"class":61}," old_list",[55,55668,92],{"class":91},[55,55670,12691],{"class":95},[55,55672,99],{"class":91},[20,55674,55675],{},"How it works:",[30,55677,55678,55684,55687],{},[33,55679,55680,55681,55683],{},"Call ",[15,55682,12556],{}," on an existing list",[33,55685,55686],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55688,55689],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55691,55692],{},"Example with an empty list:",[46,55694,55696],{"className":48,"code":55695,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55697,55698,55707,55723,55727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55699,55700,55703,55705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55701,55702],{"class":61},"empty_list ",[55,55704,66],{"class":65},[55,55706,7623],{"class":91},[55,55708,55709,55712,55714,55717,55719,55721],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55710,55711],{"class":61},"new_empty_list ",[55,55713,66],{"class":65},[55,55715,55716],{"class":61}," empty_list",[55,55718,92],{"class":91},[55,55720,12691],{"class":95},[55,55722,99],{"class":91},[55,55724,55725],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,55726,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55728,55729,55731,55733,55736],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,55730,106],{"class":105},[55,55732,109],{"class":91},[55,55734,55735],{"class":95},"new_empty_list",[55,55737,342],{"class":91},[20,55739,357],{},[46,55741,55742],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,55743,55744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55745,55746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55747,38069],{"class":91},[20,55749,55750],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[131,55752,55754,55755],{"id":55753},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55756,66],{},[20,55758,1185,55759,13833,55761,52438],{},[15,55760,66],{},[123,55762,902],{},[20,55764,55765],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[46,55767,55769],{"className":48,"code":55768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55770,55771,55791,55800,55804,55819,55823,55833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55772,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55774,3395],{"class":61},[55,55776,66],{"class":65},[55,55778,3400],{"class":91},[55,55780,2761],{"class":1210},[55,55782,2764],{"class":91},[55,55784,2767],{"class":1210},[55,55786,2764],{"class":91},[55,55788,2223],{"class":1210},[55,55790,3413],{"class":91},[55,55792,55793,55796,55798],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55794,55795],{"class":61},"same_list ",[55,55797,66],{"class":65},[55,55799,43754],{"class":61},[55,55801,55802],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,55803,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55805,55806,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,55807,55808],{"class":61},"same_list",[55,55810,92],{"class":91},[55,55812,13332],{"class":95},[55,55814,109],{"class":91},[55,55816,2277],{"class":1210},[55,55818,342],{"class":91},[55,55820,55821],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,55822,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55824,55825,55827,55829,55831],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,55826,106],{"class":105},[55,55828,109],{"class":91},[55,55830,3427],{"class":95},[55,55832,342],{"class":91},[55,55834,55835,55837,55839,55841],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,55836,106],{"class":105},[55,55838,109],{"class":91},[55,55840,55808],{"class":95},[55,55842,342],{"class":91},[20,55844,357],{},[46,55846,55848],{"className":48,"code":55847,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55849,55850,55870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55851,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55853,3680],{"class":91},[55,55855,2761],{"class":1210},[55,55857,2764],{"class":91},[55,55859,2767],{"class":1210},[55,55861,2764],{"class":91},[55,55863,2223],{"class":1210},[55,55865,2764],{"class":91},[55,55867,2229],{"class":1210},[55,55869,3413],{"class":91},[55,55871,55872,55874,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55873,3680],{"class":91},[55,55875,2761],{"class":1210},[55,55877,2764],{"class":91},[55,55879,2767],{"class":1210},[55,55881,2764],{"class":91},[55,55883,2223],{"class":1210},[55,55885,2764],{"class":91},[55,55887,2229],{"class":1210},[55,55889,3413],{"class":91},[20,55891,55892],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55894,55895,55896,539],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55897,12556],{},[46,55899,55901],{"className":48,"code":55900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55902,55903,55923,55938,55942,55957,55961,55971],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55904,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55906,3395],{"class":61},[55,55908,66],{"class":65},[55,55910,3400],{"class":91},[55,55912,2761],{"class":1210},[55,55914,2764],{"class":91},[55,55916,2767],{"class":1210},[55,55918,2764],{"class":91},[55,55920,2223],{"class":1210},[55,55922,3413],{"class":91},[55,55924,55925,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,55926,55927],{"class":61},"copied_numbers ",[55,55929,66],{"class":65},[55,55931,4045],{"class":61},[55,55933,92],{"class":91},[55,55935,12691],{"class":95},[55,55937,99],{"class":91},[55,55939,55940],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,55941,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55943,55944,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,55945,55946],{"class":61},"copied_numbers",[55,55948,92],{"class":91},[55,55950,13332],{"class":95},[55,55952,109],{"class":91},[55,55954,2277],{"class":1210},[55,55956,342],{"class":91},[55,55958,55959],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,55960,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,55962,55963,55965,55967,55969],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,55964,106],{"class":105},[55,55966,109],{"class":91},[55,55968,3427],{"class":95},[55,55970,342],{"class":91},[55,55972,55973,55975,55977,55979],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,55974,106],{"class":105},[55,55976,109],{"class":91},[55,55978,55946],{"class":95},[55,55980,342],{"class":91},[20,55982,357],{},[46,55984,55986],{"className":48,"code":55985,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55987,55988,56004],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55989,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55991,3680],{"class":91},[55,55993,2761],{"class":1210},[55,55995,2764],{"class":91},[55,55997,2767],{"class":1210},[55,55999,2764],{"class":91},[55,56001,2223],{"class":1210},[55,56003,3413],{"class":91},[55,56005,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56007,3680],{"class":91},[55,56009,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56011,2764],{"class":91},[55,56013,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56015,2764],{"class":91},[55,56017,2223],{"class":1210},[55,56019,2764],{"class":91},[55,56021,2229],{"class":1210},[55,56023,3413],{"class":91},[20,56025,56026,56027,92],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[166,56028,52542],{"href":50749},[131,56030,56032],{"id":56031},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56034,56035,12627,56037,92],{},[15,56036,55372],{},[123,56038,12630],{},[20,56040,1881],{},[30,56042,56043,56046],{},[33,56044,56045],{},"The outer list is new",[33,56047,56048],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56050,56051],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[46,56053,56055],{"className":48,"code":56054,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56056,56057,56084,56098,56102,56121,56125,56135],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56058,56059,56061,56063,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080,56082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56060,11866],{"class":61},[55,56062,66],{"class":65},[55,56064,56065],{"class":91}," [[",[55,56067,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56069,2764],{"class":91},[55,56071,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56073,17839],{"class":91},[55,56075,3400],{"class":91},[55,56077,1835],{"class":1210},[55,56079,2764],{"class":91},[55,56081,2229],{"class":1210},[55,56083,53013],{"class":91},[55,56085,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56087,14091],{"class":61},[55,56089,66],{"class":65},[55,56091,11941],{"class":61},[55,56093,92],{"class":91},[55,56095,12691],{"class":95},[55,56097,99],{"class":91},[55,56099,56100],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,56101,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56103,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116,56119],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,56105,14110],{"class":61},[55,56107,3680],{"class":91},[55,56109,1894],{"class":1210},[55,56111,13329],{"class":91},[55,56113,13332],{"class":95},[55,56115,109],{"class":91},[55,56117,56118],{"class":1210},"99",[55,56120,342],{"class":91},[55,56122,56123],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,56124,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56126,56127,56129,56131,56133],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,56128,106],{"class":105},[55,56130,109],{"class":91},[55,56132,11913],{"class":95},[55,56134,342],{"class":91},[55,56136,56137,56139,56141,56143],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,56138,106],{"class":105},[55,56140,109],{"class":91},[55,56142,14110],{"class":95},[55,56144,342],{"class":91},[20,56146,357],{},[46,56148,56150],{"className":48,"code":56149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56151,56152,56179],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56153,56154,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56155,56156],{"class":91},"[[",[55,56158,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56160,2764],{"class":91},[55,56162,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56164,2764],{"class":91},[55,56166,9978],{"class":1210},[55,56168,17839],{"class":91},[55,56170,3400],{"class":91},[55,56172,1835],{"class":1210},[55,56174,2764],{"class":91},[55,56176,2229],{"class":1210},[55,56178,53013],{"class":91},[55,56180,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195,56197,56199,56201,56203],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56182,56156],{"class":91},[55,56184,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56186,2764],{"class":91},[55,56188,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56190,2764],{"class":91},[55,56192,9978],{"class":1210},[55,56194,17839],{"class":91},[55,56196,3400],{"class":91},[55,56198,1835],{"class":1210},[55,56200,2764],{"class":91},[55,56202,2229],{"class":1210},[55,56204,53013],{"class":91},[20,56206,56207],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56209,56210,56217],{},[33,56211,56212,1377,56214,56216],{},[15,56213,11913],{},[15,56215,14110],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56218,56219,56220,56223],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56221,56222],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56225,53424,56226,56228],{},[15,56227,12556],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56230,56231,56234,56237],{},[33,56232,56233],{},"Numbers",[33,56235,56236],{},"Strings",[33,56238,40368],{},[20,56240,56241,56242,92],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[166,56243,13570],{"href":13569},[131,56245,446],{"id":445},[20,56247,56248,56250],{},[15,56249,55372],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56252,40679,56253,56255],{},[123,56254,902],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56257,56258],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56260,1055],{},[46,56262,56264],{"className":48,"code":56263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56265,56266,56290,56304,56308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56267,56268,56270,56272,56274,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56269,12855],{"class":61},[55,56271,66],{"class":65},[55,56273,3400],{"class":91},[55,56275,228],{"class":69},[55,56277,12872],{"class":73},[55,56279,228],{"class":69},[55,56281,2764],{"class":91},[55,56283,70],{"class":69},[55,56285,705],{"class":73},[55,56287,228],{"class":69},[55,56289,3413],{"class":91},[55,56291,56292,56294,56296,56298,56300,56302],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56293,12897],{"class":61},[55,56295,66],{"class":65},[55,56297,12902],{"class":61},[55,56299,92],{"class":91},[55,56301,12691],{"class":95},[55,56303,99],{"class":91},[55,56305,56306],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,56307,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56309,56310,56312,56314,56316],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,56311,106],{"class":105},[55,56313,109],{"class":91},[55,56315,12921],{"class":95},[55,56317,342],{"class":91},[20,56319,56320],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[46,56322,56324],{"className":48,"code":56323,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56325,56326,56350,56360,56364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56327,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56329,12855],{"class":61},[55,56331,66],{"class":65},[55,56333,3400],{"class":91},[55,56335,228],{"class":69},[55,56337,12872],{"class":73},[55,56339,228],{"class":69},[55,56341,2764],{"class":91},[55,56343,70],{"class":69},[55,56345,705],{"class":73},[55,56347,228],{"class":69},[55,56349,3413],{"class":91},[55,56351,56352,56354,56356,56358],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56353,17279],{"class":61},[55,56355,92],{"class":91},[55,56357,12691],{"class":95},[55,56359,99],{"class":91},[55,56361,56362],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,56363,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56365,56366,56368,56370,56372],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,56367,106],{"class":105},[55,56369,109],{"class":91},[55,56371,17279],{"class":95},[55,56373,342],{"class":91},[20,56375,56376,56377,56379],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56378,12556],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[131,56381,4744,56383],{"id":56382},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56384,55372],{},[20,56386,1866,56387,10382],{},[15,56388,55372],{},[30,56390,56391,56394,56397,56400],{},[33,56392,56393],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56395,56396],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56398,56399],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56401,56402,56403],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56404,56405],{},"[:]",[20,56407,214],{},[46,56409,56411],{"className":48,"code":56410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56412,56413,56433,56448,56452,56467,56471,56481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56414,56415,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56416,4847],{"class":61},[55,56418,66],{"class":65},[55,56420,3400],{"class":91},[55,56422,2101],{"class":1210},[55,56424,2764],{"class":91},[55,56426,7574],{"class":1210},[55,56428,2764],{"class":91},[55,56430,7579],{"class":1210},[55,56432,3413],{"class":91},[55,56434,56435,56438,56440,56442,56444,56446],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56436,56437],{"class":61},"backup_scores ",[55,56439,66],{"class":65},[55,56441,4894],{"class":61},[55,56443,92],{"class":91},[55,56445,12691],{"class":95},[55,56447,99],{"class":91},[55,56449,56450],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,56451,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56453,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56465],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,56455,16168],{"class":61},[55,56457,92],{"class":91},[55,56459,13332],{"class":95},[55,56461,109],{"class":91},[55,56463,56464],{"class":1210},"40",[55,56466,342],{"class":91},[55,56468,56469],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,56470,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56472,56473,56475,56477,56479],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,56474,106],{"class":105},[55,56476,109],{"class":91},[55,56478,16168],{"class":95},[55,56480,342],{"class":91},[55,56482,56483,56485,56487,56490],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,56484,106],{"class":105},[55,56486,109],{"class":91},[55,56488,56489],{"class":95},"backup_scores",[55,56491,342],{"class":91},[20,56493,357],{},[46,56495,56497],{"className":48,"code":56496,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56498,56499,56519],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56502,3680],{"class":91},[55,56504,2101],{"class":1210},[55,56506,2764],{"class":91},[55,56508,7574],{"class":1210},[55,56510,2764],{"class":91},[55,56512,7579],{"class":1210},[55,56514,2764],{"class":91},[55,56516,50615],{"class":1210},[55,56518,3413],{"class":91},[55,56520,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56522,3680],{"class":91},[55,56524,2101],{"class":1210},[55,56526,2764],{"class":91},[55,56528,7574],{"class":1210},[55,56530,2764],{"class":91},[55,56532,7579],{"class":1210},[55,56534,3413],{"class":91},[20,56536,56537,56538,92],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[166,56539,55291,56541,1573],{"href":56540},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56542,52423],{},[131,56544,4301],{"id":4300},[20,56546,56547,56548,92],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56549,55372],{},[1003,56551,1185,56553,56555],{"id":56552},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56554,66],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56557,38971],{},[46,56559,56561],{"className":48,"code":56560,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56562,56563,56583,56591,56605,56609],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56564,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56566,2327],{"class":61},[55,56568,66],{"class":65},[55,56570,3400],{"class":91},[55,56572,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56574,2764],{"class":91},[55,56576,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56578,2764],{"class":91},[55,56580,2223],{"class":1210},[55,56582,3413],{"class":91},[55,56584,56585,56587,56589],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56586,2355],{"class":61},[55,56588,66],{"class":65},[55,56590,35945],{"class":61},[55,56592,56593,56595,56597,56599,56601,56603],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,56594,4543],{"class":61},[55,56596,92],{"class":91},[55,56598,13332],{"class":95},[55,56600,109],{"class":91},[55,56602,2277],{"class":1210},[55,56604,342],{"class":91},[55,56606,56607],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,56608,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56610,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,56612,106],{"class":105},[55,56614,109],{"class":91},[55,56616,166],{"class":95},[55,56618,115],{"class":91},[55,56620,55472],{"class":118},[20,56622,56623,56624,6417],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56625,12556],{},[46,56627,56629],{"className":48,"code":56628,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56630,56631,56651,56666,56680,56684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56632,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56634,2327],{"class":61},[55,56636,66],{"class":65},[55,56638,3400],{"class":91},[55,56640,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56642,2764],{"class":91},[55,56644,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56646,2764],{"class":91},[55,56648,2223],{"class":1210},[55,56650,3413],{"class":91},[55,56652,56653,56655,56657,56660,56662,56664],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56654,2355],{"class":61},[55,56656,66],{"class":65},[55,56658,56659],{"class":61}," a",[55,56661,92],{"class":91},[55,56663,12691],{"class":95},[55,56665,99],{"class":91},[55,56667,56668,56670,56672,56674,56676,56678],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,56669,4543],{"class":61},[55,56671,92],{"class":91},[55,56673,13332],{"class":95},[55,56675,109],{"class":91},[55,56677,2277],{"class":1210},[55,56679,342],{"class":91},[55,56681,56682],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,56683,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56685,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,56687,106],{"class":105},[55,56689,109],{"class":91},[55,56691,166],{"class":95},[55,56693,115],{"class":91},[55,56695,54703],{"class":118},[1003,56697,56699],{"id":56698},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[46,56701,56703],{"className":48,"code":56702,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56704,56705,56725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56706,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56708,3395],{"class":61},[55,56710,66],{"class":65},[55,56712,3400],{"class":91},[55,56714,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56716,2764],{"class":91},[55,56718,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56720,2764],{"class":91},[55,56722,2223],{"class":1210},[55,56724,3413],{"class":91},[55,56726,56727,56729,56731,56733],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56728,3427],{"class":61},[55,56730,92],{"class":91},[55,56732,12691],{"class":95},[55,56734,99],{"class":91},[20,56736,56737],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56739,39034],{},[46,56741,56743],{"className":48,"code":56742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56744,56745,56765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56746,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56748,3395],{"class":61},[55,56750,66],{"class":65},[55,56752,3400],{"class":91},[55,56754,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56756,2764],{"class":91},[55,56758,2767],{"class":1210},[55,56760,2764],{"class":91},[55,56762,2223],{"class":1210},[55,56764,3413],{"class":91},[55,56766,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775,56777],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56768,55927],{"class":61},[55,56770,66],{"class":65},[55,56772,4045],{"class":61},[55,56774,92],{"class":91},[55,56776,12691],{"class":95},[55,56778,99],{"class":91},[1003,56780,56782],{"id":56781},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[46,56784,56786],{"className":48,"code":56785,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56787,56788,56806,56820,56824,56842,56846],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56789,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56791,2327],{"class":61},[55,56793,66],{"class":65},[55,56795,56065],{"class":91},[55,56797,2761],{"class":1210},[55,56799,17839],{"class":91},[55,56801,3400],{"class":91},[55,56803,1829],{"class":1210},[55,56805,53013],{"class":91},[55,56807,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56809,2355],{"class":61},[55,56811,66],{"class":65},[55,56813,56659],{"class":61},[55,56815,92],{"class":91},[55,56817,12691],{"class":95},[55,56819,99],{"class":91},[55,56821,56822],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,56823,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56825,56826,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,56827,4543],{"class":61},[55,56829,3680],{"class":91},[55,56831,1894],{"class":1210},[55,56833,13329],{"class":91},[55,56835,13332],{"class":95},[55,56837,109],{"class":91},[55,56839,56118],{"class":1210},[55,56841,342],{"class":91},[55,56843,56844],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,56845,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,56847,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,56849,106],{"class":105},[55,56851,109],{"class":91},[55,56853,166],{"class":95},[55,56855,115],{"class":91},[55,56857,56858],{"class":118},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56860,56861,56862,56864],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56863,55372],{}," is shallow.",[1003,56866,25391,56868,56870],{"id":56867},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56869,12556],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56872,56873,56875],{},[15,56874,12556],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[46,56877,56879],{"className":48,"code":56878,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56880,56881,56893],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56882,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56884,254],{"class":61},[55,56886,66],{"class":65},[55,56888,70],{"class":69},[55,56890,4787],{"class":73},[55,56892,77],{"class":69},[55,56894,56895],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,56896,56897],{"class":118},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56899,56900],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[46,56902,56904],{"className":48,"code":56903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56905,56906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56907,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916,56918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56909,106],{"class":105},[55,56911,109],{"class":91},[55,56913,1266],{"class":1265},[55,56915,109],{"class":91},[55,56917,273],{"class":95},[55,56919,1273],{"class":91},[20,56921,56922,56923,56927],{},"You can also review ",[166,56924,56926],{"href":56925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[131,56929,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,56931,1581,56933,56935],{"id":56932},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56934,55372],{}," change the original list?",[20,56937,56938],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1003,56940,1626,56942,1377,56944,1631],{"id":56941},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56943,55372],{},[15,56945,66],{},[20,56947,56948,56950,56951,56953],{},[15,56949,12556],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56952,66],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1003,56955,14683,56957,14686],{"id":56956},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56958,55372],{},[20,56960,56961],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1003,56963,56965],{"id":56964},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56967,41925,56968,56971],{},[15,56969,56970],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1003,56973,14683,56975,56977,56978,1631],{"id":56974},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56976,55372],{}," the same as ",[15,56979,56405],{},[20,56981,56982],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[131,56984,1643],{"id":1642},[30,56986,56987,56992,56996,57001,57007],{},[33,56988,56989],{},[166,56990,14745],{"href":56991},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,56993,56994],{},[166,56995,52542],{"href":50749},[33,56997,56998],{},[166,56999,57000],{"href":56925},"Creating a list in Python",[33,57002,57003],{},[166,57004,55291,57005,1573],{"href":56540},[15,57006,52423],{},[33,57008,57009],{},[166,57010,13570],{"href":13569},[1696,57012,57013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":57015},[57016,57017,57019,57020,57022,57023,57024,57026,57034,57045],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":55482,"depth":80,"text":57018},"What list.copy() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":55753,"depth":80,"text":57021},"Why not use =",{"id":56031,"depth":80,"text":56032},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":56382,"depth":80,"text":57025},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":57027},[57028,57030,57031,57032],{"id":56552,"depth":102,"text":57029},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56698,"depth":102,"text":56699},{"id":56781,"depth":102,"text":56782},{"id":56867,"depth":102,"text":57033},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":57035},[57036,57038,57040,57042,57043],{"id":56932,"depth":102,"text":57037},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56941,"depth":102,"text":57039},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56956,"depth":102,"text":57041},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56964,"depth":102,"text":56965},{"id":56974,"depth":102,"text":57044},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55360,"description":57046},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57053,"title":57054,"body":57055,"description":58797,"extension":1733,"meta":58798,"navigation":248,"path":58799,"seo":58800,"stem":58801,"__hash__":58802},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57056,"toc":58756},[57057,57063,57069,57072,57083,57086,57088,57151,57157,57162,57166,57180,57183,57188,57193,57195,57197,57216,57228,57230,57297,57299,57307,57312,57314,57322,57325,57342,57344,57468,57479,57483,57488,57491,57493,57511,57515,57601,57610,57618,57687,57689,57692,57704,57709,57713,57784,57787,57791,57795,57860,57862,57870,57874,57957,57959,57967,57971,58032,58034,58042,58046,58133,58135,58143,58148,58153,58156,58167,58169,58254,58259,58268,58270,58274,58278,58283,58345,58349,58357,58363,58372,58377,58426,58429,58450,58454,58516,58523,58528,58531,58618,58621,58632,58635,58655,58657,58663,58666,58670,58674,58680,58683,58689,58696,58704,58715,58717,58753],[10,57058,54113,57060,18],{"id":57059},"python-list-count-method",[15,57061,57062],{},"count()",[20,57064,57065,57068],{},[15,57066,57067],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57070,57071],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,57073,57074,57077,57080],{},[33,57075,57076],{},"count one specific item",[33,57078,57079],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,57081,57082],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57084,57085],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[131,57087,3385],{"id":3384},[46,57089,57091],{"className":48,"code":57090,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57092,57093,57121,57139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57094,57095,57097,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57096,3395],{"class":61},[55,57098,66],{"class":65},[55,57100,3400],{"class":91},[55,57102,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57104,2764],{"class":91},[55,57106,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57108,2764],{"class":91},[55,57110,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57112,2764],{"class":91},[55,57114,2223],{"class":1210},[55,57116,2764],{"class":91},[55,57118,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57120,3413],{"class":91},[55,57122,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57124,83],{"class":61},[55,57126,66],{"class":65},[55,57128,4045],{"class":61},[55,57130,92],{"class":91},[55,57132,41033],{"class":95},[55,57134,109],{"class":91},[55,57136,1829],{"class":1210},[55,57138,342],{"class":91},[55,57140,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,57142,106],{"class":105},[55,57144,109],{"class":91},[55,57146,112],{"class":95},[55,57148,115],{"class":91},[55,57150,50542],{"class":118},[20,57152,1866,57153,57156],{},[15,57154,57155],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[131,57158,134,57160,137],{"id":57159},"what-listcount-does",[15,57161,57067],{},[20,57163,57164,539],{},[15,57165,57067],{},[30,57167,57168,57171,57174,57177],{},[33,57169,57170],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57172,57173],{},"returns an integer",[33,57175,57176],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57178,57179],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57181,57182],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57184,57185,57186,92],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57187,1835],{},[20,57189,57190,57191,92],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57192,1894],{},[131,57194,178],{"id":177},[20,57196,181],{},[46,57198,57200],{"className":48,"code":57199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57201,57202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57203,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57205,8121],{"class":61},[55,57207,92],{"class":91},[55,57209,41033],{"class":95},[55,57211,109],{"class":91},[55,57213,2245],{"class":95},[55,57215,342],{"class":91},[30,57217,57218,57223],{},[33,57219,57220,57222],{},[15,57221,8121],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57224,57225,57227],{},[15,57226,2245],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57229,214],{},[46,57231,57233],{"className":48,"code":57232,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57234,57235,57275],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57236,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57238,35860],{"class":61},[55,57240,66],{"class":65},[55,57242,3400],{"class":91},[55,57244,228],{"class":69},[55,57246,166],{"class":73},[55,57248,228],{"class":69},[55,57250,2764],{"class":91},[55,57252,70],{"class":69},[55,57254,4543],{"class":73},[55,57256,228],{"class":69},[55,57258,2764],{"class":91},[55,57260,70],{"class":69},[55,57262,166],{"class":73},[55,57264,228],{"class":69},[55,57266,2764],{"class":91},[55,57268,70],{"class":69},[55,57270,9520],{"class":73},[55,57272,228],{"class":69},[55,57274,3413],{"class":91},[55,57276,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57278,106],{"class":105},[55,57280,109],{"class":91},[55,57282,35913],{"class":95},[55,57284,92],{"class":91},[55,57286,41033],{"class":95},[55,57288,109],{"class":91},[55,57290,228],{"class":69},[55,57292,166],{"class":73},[55,57294,228],{"class":69},[55,57296,1273],{"class":91},[20,57298,357],{},[46,57300,57301],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,57302,57303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57304,57305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57306,16834],{"class":1210},[20,57308,57309,57310,92],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57311,1894],{},[131,57313,37792],{"id":37791},[20,57315,57316,57317,57319,57320,92],{},"The return value from ",[15,57318,57062],{}," is always an ",[15,57321,1962],{},[20,57323,57324],{},"Possible results:",[30,57326,57327,57332,57337],{},[33,57328,57329,57331],{},[15,57330,1894],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57333,57334,57336],{},[15,57335,2761],{}," if it appears once",[33,57338,57339,57341],{},[15,57340,1829],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57343,214],{},[46,57345,57347],{"className":48,"code":57346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57348,57349,57389,57393,57418,57443],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57350,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57352,12855],{"class":61},[55,57354,66],{"class":65},[55,57356,3400],{"class":91},[55,57358,228],{"class":69},[55,57360,12872],{"class":73},[55,57362,228],{"class":69},[55,57364,2764],{"class":91},[55,57366,70],{"class":69},[55,57368,705],{"class":73},[55,57370,228],{"class":69},[55,57372,2764],{"class":91},[55,57374,70],{"class":69},[55,57376,17232],{"class":73},[55,57378,228],{"class":69},[55,57380,2764],{"class":91},[55,57382,70],{"class":69},[55,57384,705],{"class":73},[55,57386,228],{"class":69},[55,57388,3413],{"class":91},[55,57390,57391],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57392,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,57394,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,57396,106],{"class":105},[55,57398,109],{"class":91},[55,57400,17279],{"class":95},[55,57402,92],{"class":91},[55,57404,41033],{"class":95},[55,57406,109],{"class":91},[55,57408,228],{"class":69},[55,57410,705],{"class":73},[55,57412,228],{"class":69},[55,57414,5145],{"class":91},[55,57416,57417],{"class":118},"   # 2\n",[55,57419,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,57421,106],{"class":105},[55,57423,109],{"class":91},[55,57425,17279],{"class":95},[55,57427,92],{"class":91},[55,57429,41033],{"class":95},[55,57431,109],{"class":91},[55,57433,228],{"class":69},[55,57435,12872],{"class":73},[55,57437,228],{"class":69},[55,57439,5145],{"class":91},[55,57441,57442],{"class":118},"    # 1\n",[55,57444,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,57446,106],{"class":105},[55,57448,109],{"class":91},[55,57450,17279],{"class":95},[55,57452,92],{"class":91},[55,57454,41033],{"class":95},[55,57456,109],{"class":91},[55,57458,228],{"class":69},[55,57460,22300],{"class":73},[55,57462,228],{"class":69},[55,57464,5145],{"class":91},[55,57466,57467],{"class":118}," # 0\n",[20,57469,57470,57471,57473,57474,57476,57477,92],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57472,57062],{}," works, but using ",[15,57475,3662],{}," is often simpler. See ",[166,57478,5984],{"href":5983},[131,57480,57482],{"id":57481},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57484,57485,57487],{},[15,57486,57067],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57489,57490],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57492,200],{},[30,57494,57495,57498,57501,57508],{},[33,57496,57497],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57499,57500],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57502,57503,1377,57505,57507],{},[15,57504,2761],{},[15,57506,3380],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57509,57510],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1003,57512,57514],{"id":57513},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[46,57516,57518],{"className":48,"code":57517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57519,57520,57553,57577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57521,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57523,3851],{"class":61},[55,57525,66],{"class":65},[55,57527,3400],{"class":91},[55,57529,228],{"class":69},[55,57531,3860],{"class":73},[55,57533,228],{"class":69},[55,57535,2764],{"class":91},[55,57537,70],{"class":69},[55,57539,57540],{"class":73},"Apple",[55,57542,228],{"class":69},[55,57544,2764],{"class":91},[55,57546,70],{"class":69},[55,57548,3860],{"class":73},[55,57550,228],{"class":69},[55,57552,3413],{"class":91},[55,57554,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57556,106],{"class":105},[55,57558,109],{"class":91},[55,57560,3895],{"class":95},[55,57562,92],{"class":91},[55,57564,41033],{"class":95},[55,57566,109],{"class":91},[55,57568,228],{"class":69},[55,57570,3860],{"class":73},[55,57572,228],{"class":69},[55,57574,5145],{"class":91},[55,57576,51185],{"class":118},[55,57578,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,57580,106],{"class":105},[55,57582,109],{"class":91},[55,57584,3895],{"class":95},[55,57586,92],{"class":91},[55,57588,41033],{"class":95},[55,57590,109],{"class":91},[55,57592,228],{"class":69},[55,57594,57540],{"class":73},[55,57596,228],{"class":69},[55,57598,5145],{"class":91},[55,57600,27552],{"class":118},[20,57602,57603,1377,57606,57609],{},[15,57604,57605],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57607,57608],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1003,57611,57613,1377,57615,57617],{"id":57612},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57614,2761],{},[15,57616,3380],{}," can match",[46,57619,57621],{"className":48,"code":57620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57622,57623,57647,57667],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57624,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57626,3601],{"class":61},[55,57628,66],{"class":65},[55,57630,3400],{"class":91},[55,57632,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57634,2764],{"class":91},[55,57636,3696],{"class":3631},[55,57638,2764],{"class":91},[55,57640,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57642,2764],{"class":91},[55,57644,5282],{"class":1210},[55,57646,3413],{"class":91},[55,57648,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57650,106],{"class":105},[55,57652,109],{"class":91},[55,57654,5142],{"class":95},[55,57656,92],{"class":91},[55,57658,41033],{"class":95},[55,57660,109],{"class":91},[55,57662,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57664,5145],{"class":91},[55,57666,50690],{"class":118},[55,57668,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,57670,106],{"class":105},[55,57672,109],{"class":91},[55,57674,5142],{"class":95},[55,57676,92],{"class":91},[55,57678,41033],{"class":95},[55,57680,109],{"class":91},[55,57682,3380],{"class":3631},[55,57684,5145],{"class":91},[55,57686,50542],{"class":118},[20,57688,4192],{},[20,57690,57691],{},"In Python:",[30,57693,57694,57699],{},[33,57695,57696],{},[15,57697,57698],{},"True == 1",[33,57700,57701],{},[15,57702,57703],{},"False == 0",[20,57705,53424,57706,57708],{},[15,57707,57062],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1003,57710,57712],{"id":57711},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[46,57714,57716],{"className":48,"code":57715,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57717,57718,57760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57719,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57721,7563],{"class":61},[55,57723,66],{"class":65},[55,57725,56065],{"class":91},[55,57727,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57729,2764],{"class":91},[55,57731,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57733,17839],{"class":91},[55,57735,3400],{"class":91},[55,57737,1835],{"class":1210},[55,57739,2764],{"class":91},[55,57741,2229],{"class":1210},[55,57743,17839],{"class":91},[55,57745,3400],{"class":91},[55,57747,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57749,2764],{"class":91},[55,57751,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57753,17839],{"class":91},[55,57755,3400],{"class":91},[55,57757,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57759,53013],{"class":91},[55,57761,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57763,106],{"class":105},[55,57765,109],{"class":91},[55,57767,7594],{"class":95},[55,57769,92],{"class":91},[55,57771,41033],{"class":95},[55,57773,2758],{"class":91},[55,57775,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57777,2764],{"class":91},[55,57779,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57781,4517],{"class":91},[55,57783,51185],{"class":118},[20,57785,57786],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[131,57788,57790],{"id":57789},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1003,57792,57794],{"id":57793},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[46,57796,57798],{"className":48,"code":57797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57799,57800,57828,57846,57850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57801,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57803,3395],{"class":61},[55,57805,66],{"class":65},[55,57807,3400],{"class":91},[55,57809,2101],{"class":1210},[55,57811,2764],{"class":91},[55,57813,7574],{"class":1210},[55,57815,2764],{"class":91},[55,57817,5790],{"class":1210},[55,57819,2764],{"class":91},[55,57821,7579],{"class":1210},[55,57823,2764],{"class":91},[55,57825,5790],{"class":1210},[55,57827,3413],{"class":91},[55,57829,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57831,83],{"class":61},[55,57833,66],{"class":65},[55,57835,4045],{"class":61},[55,57837,92],{"class":91},[55,57839,41033],{"class":95},[55,57841,109],{"class":91},[55,57843,2101],{"class":1210},[55,57845,342],{"class":91},[55,57847,57848],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,57849,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,57851,57852,57854,57856,57858],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,57853,106],{"class":105},[55,57855,109],{"class":91},[55,57857,112],{"class":95},[55,57859,342],{"class":91},[20,57861,357],{},[46,57863,57864],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,57865,57866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57867,57868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57869,46387],{"class":1210},[1003,57871,57873],{"id":57872},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[46,57875,57877],{"className":48,"code":57876,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57878,57879,57921,57943,57947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57880,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57917,57919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57882,3851],{"class":61},[55,57884,66],{"class":65},[55,57886,3400],{"class":91},[55,57888,228],{"class":69},[55,57890,36818],{"class":73},[55,57892,228],{"class":69},[55,57894,2764],{"class":91},[55,57896,70],{"class":69},[55,57898,57899],{"class":73},"dog",[55,57901,228],{"class":69},[55,57903,2764],{"class":91},[55,57905,70],{"class":69},[55,57907,36818],{"class":73},[55,57909,228],{"class":69},[55,57911,2764],{"class":91},[55,57913,70],{"class":69},[55,57915,57916],{"class":73},"bird",[55,57918,228],{"class":69},[55,57920,3413],{"class":91},[55,57922,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,57924,83],{"class":61},[55,57926,66],{"class":65},[55,57928,5954],{"class":61},[55,57930,92],{"class":91},[55,57932,41033],{"class":95},[55,57934,109],{"class":91},[55,57936,228],{"class":69},[55,57938,36818],{"class":73},[55,57940,228],{"class":69},[55,57942,342],{"class":91},[55,57944,57945],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,57946,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,57948,57949,57951,57953,57955],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,57950,106],{"class":105},[55,57952,109],{"class":91},[55,57954,112],{"class":95},[55,57956,342],{"class":91},[20,57958,357],{},[46,57960,57961],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,57962,57963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57964,57965],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57966,16834],{"class":1210},[1003,57968,57970],{"id":57969},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[46,57972,57974],{"className":48,"code":57973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57975,57976,58000,58018,58022],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57977,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57979,3395],{"class":61},[55,57981,66],{"class":65},[55,57983,3400],{"class":91},[55,57985,2761],{"class":1210},[55,57987,2764],{"class":91},[55,57989,2767],{"class":1210},[55,57991,2764],{"class":91},[55,57993,2223],{"class":1210},[55,57995,2764],{"class":91},[55,57997,2229],{"class":1210},[55,57999,3413],{"class":91},[55,58001,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58003,83],{"class":61},[55,58005,66],{"class":65},[55,58007,4045],{"class":61},[55,58009,92],{"class":91},[55,58011,41033],{"class":95},[55,58013,109],{"class":91},[55,58015,1911],{"class":1210},[55,58017,342],{"class":91},[55,58019,58020],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,58021,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,58023,58024,58026,58028,58030],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,58025,106],{"class":105},[55,58027,109],{"class":91},[55,58029,112],{"class":95},[55,58031,342],{"class":91},[20,58033,357],{},[46,58035,58036],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,58037,58038],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58039,58040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58041,47022],{"class":1210},[1003,58043,58045],{"id":58044},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[46,58047,58049],{"className":48,"code":58048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58050,58051,58097,58119,58123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58052,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58054,8945],{"class":61},[55,58056,66],{"class":65},[55,58058,56065],{"class":91},[55,58060,2761],{"class":1210},[55,58062,2764],{"class":91},[55,58064,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58066,17839],{"class":91},[55,58068,3400],{"class":91},[55,58070,2761],{"class":1210},[55,58072,2764],{"class":91},[55,58074,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58076,17839],{"class":91},[55,58078,3400],{"class":91},[55,58080,1829],{"class":1210},[55,58082,2764],{"class":91},[55,58084,2223],{"class":1210},[55,58086,17839],{"class":91},[55,58088,3400],{"class":91},[55,58090,2761],{"class":1210},[55,58092,2764],{"class":91},[55,58094,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58096,53013],{"class":91},[55,58098,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58100,83],{"class":61},[55,58102,66],{"class":65},[55,58104,14346],{"class":61},[55,58106,92],{"class":91},[55,58108,41033],{"class":95},[55,58110,2758],{"class":91},[55,58112,2761],{"class":1210},[55,58114,2764],{"class":91},[55,58116,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58118,3668],{"class":91},[55,58120,58121],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,58122,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,58124,58125,58127,58129,58131],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,58126,106],{"class":105},[55,58128,109],{"class":91},[55,58130,112],{"class":95},[55,58132,342],{"class":91},[20,58134,357],{},[46,58136,58137],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,58138,58139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58140,58141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58142,46387],{"class":1210},[131,58144,4744,58146],{"id":58145},"when-to-use-count",[15,58147,57062],{},[20,58149,1866,58150,58152],{},[15,58151,57062],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58154,58155],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58157,58158,58161,58164],{},[33,58159,58160],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58162,58163],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58165,58166],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58168,214],{},[46,58170,58172],{"className":48,"code":58171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58173,58174,58215,58239,58243],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58175,58176,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58177,58178],{"class":61},"votes ",[55,58180,66],{"class":65},[55,58182,3400],{"class":91},[55,58184,228],{"class":69},[55,58186,506],{"class":73},[55,58188,228],{"class":69},[55,58190,2764],{"class":91},[55,58192,70],{"class":69},[55,58194,8380],{"class":73},[55,58196,228],{"class":69},[55,58198,2764],{"class":91},[55,58200,70],{"class":69},[55,58202,506],{"class":73},[55,58204,228],{"class":69},[55,58206,2764],{"class":91},[55,58208,70],{"class":69},[55,58210,506],{"class":73},[55,58212,228],{"class":69},[55,58214,3413],{"class":91},[55,58216,58217,58220,58222,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58218,58219],{"class":61},"yes_votes ",[55,58221,66],{"class":65},[55,58223,58224],{"class":61}," votes",[55,58226,92],{"class":91},[55,58228,41033],{"class":95},[55,58230,109],{"class":91},[55,58232,228],{"class":69},[55,58234,506],{"class":73},[55,58236,228],{"class":69},[55,58238,342],{"class":91},[55,58240,58241],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,58242,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,58244,58245,58247,58249,58252],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,58246,106],{"class":105},[55,58248,109],{"class":91},[55,58250,58251],{"class":95},"yes_votes",[55,58253,342],{"class":91},[20,58255,58256,58258],{},[15,58257,57062],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58260,58261,58262,1377,58264,92],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[166,58263,52542],{"href":50749},[166,58265,58267],{"href":58266},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[131,58269,1001],{"id":1000},[20,58271,8229,58272,92],{},[15,58273,57067],{},[1003,58275,58277],{"id":58276},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58279,58280,58282],{},[15,58281,57067],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[46,58284,58286],{"className":48,"code":58285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58287,58288,58321],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58289,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58291,3851],{"class":61},[55,58293,66],{"class":65},[55,58295,3400],{"class":91},[55,58297,228],{"class":69},[55,58299,58300],{"class":73},"apple pie",[55,58302,228],{"class":69},[55,58304,2764],{"class":91},[55,58306,70],{"class":69},[55,58308,3869],{"class":73},[55,58310,228],{"class":69},[55,58312,2764],{"class":91},[55,58314,70],{"class":69},[55,58316,58300],{"class":73},[55,58318,228],{"class":69},[55,58320,3413],{"class":91},[55,58322,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58324,106],{"class":105},[55,58326,109],{"class":91},[55,58328,3895],{"class":95},[55,58330,92],{"class":91},[55,58332,41033],{"class":95},[55,58334,109],{"class":91},[55,58336,228],{"class":69},[55,58338,3860],{"class":73},[55,58340,228],{"class":69},[55,58342,5145],{"class":91},[55,58344,51017],{"class":118},[20,58346,2261,58347,1631],{},[15,58348,1894],{},[20,58350,1373,58351,58353,58354,92],{},[15,58352,57605],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58355,58356],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58358,58359,58360,92],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58361,58362],{},"str.count()",[1003,58364,8235,58366,8238,58368,2651,58370],{"id":58365},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58367,57062],{},[15,58369,3380],{},[15,58371,3452],{},[20,58373,58374,58376],{},[15,58375,57062],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[46,58378,58380],{"className":48,"code":58379,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58381,58382,58406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58383,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58385,3395],{"class":61},[55,58387,66],{"class":65},[55,58389,3400],{"class":91},[55,58391,2761],{"class":1210},[55,58393,2764],{"class":91},[55,58395,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58397,2764],{"class":91},[55,58399,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58401,2764],{"class":91},[55,58403,2223],{"class":1210},[55,58405,3413],{"class":91},[55,58407,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58409,106],{"class":105},[55,58411,109],{"class":91},[55,58413,3427],{"class":95},[55,58415,92],{"class":91},[55,58417,41033],{"class":95},[55,58419,109],{"class":91},[55,58421,1829],{"class":1210},[55,58423,5145],{"class":91},[55,58425,51185],{"class":118},[20,58427,58428],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[46,58430,58432],{"className":48,"code":58431,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58433,58434],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58435,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58437,106],{"class":105},[55,58439,109],{"class":91},[55,58441,1829],{"class":1210},[55,58443,784],{"class":487},[55,58445,4045],{"class":95},[55,58447,115],{"class":91},[55,58449,3442],{"class":118},[1003,58451,58453],{"id":58452},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[46,58455,58457],{"className":48,"code":58456,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58458,58459,58492],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58460,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58488,58490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58462,4778],{"class":61},[55,58464,66],{"class":65},[55,58466,3400],{"class":91},[55,58468,228],{"class":69},[55,58470,7460],{"class":73},[55,58472,228],{"class":69},[55,58474,2764],{"class":91},[55,58476,70],{"class":69},[55,58478,19996],{"class":73},[55,58480,228],{"class":69},[55,58482,2764],{"class":91},[55,58484,70],{"class":69},[55,58486,58487],{"class":73},"SAM",[55,58489,228],{"class":69},[55,58491,3413],{"class":91},[55,58493,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58495,106],{"class":105},[55,58497,109],{"class":91},[55,58499,4822],{"class":95},[55,58501,92],{"class":91},[55,58503,41033],{"class":95},[55,58505,109],{"class":91},[55,58507,228],{"class":69},[55,58509,19996],{"class":73},[55,58511,228],{"class":69},[55,58513,5145],{"class":91},[55,58515,27552],{"class":118},[20,58517,58518,58519,58522],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58520,58521],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1003,58524,29421,58526,33322],{"id":58525},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58527,57062],{},[20,58529,58530],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[46,58532,58534],{"className":48,"code":58533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58535,58536,58546,58560,58578,58592,58604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58537,58538,58540,58542,58544],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58539,106],{"class":105},[55,58541,109],{"class":91},[55,58543,8121],{"class":95},[55,58545,342],{"class":91},[55,58547,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58549,106],{"class":105},[55,58551,109],{"class":91},[55,58553,1266],{"class":1265},[55,58555,109],{"class":91},[55,58557,8121],{"class":95},[55,58559,1273],{"class":91},[55,58561,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,58563,106],{"class":105},[55,58565,109],{"class":91},[55,58567,8121],{"class":95},[55,58569,92],{"class":91},[55,58571,41033],{"class":95},[55,58573,109],{"class":91},[55,58575,2245],{"class":95},[55,58577,1273],{"class":91},[55,58579,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,58581,106],{"class":105},[55,58583,109],{"class":91},[55,58585,2218],{"class":95},[55,58587,3662],{"class":487},[55,58589,8178],{"class":95},[55,58591,342],{"class":91},[55,58593,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,58595,5743],{"class":487},[55,58597,5746],{"class":61},[55,58599,3662],{"class":487},[55,58601,8178],{"class":61},[55,58603,511],{"class":91},[55,58605,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,58607,516],{"class":105},[55,58609,109],{"class":91},[55,58611,41552],{"class":105},[55,58613,109],{"class":91},[55,58615,23087],{"class":95},[55,58617,1273],{"class":91},[20,58619,58620],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58622,58623,58626,58629],{},[33,58624,58625],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58627,58628],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58630,58631],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58633,58634],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,58636,58637,58642,58645,58652],{},[33,58638,50263,58639,58641],{},[15,58640,57062],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58643,58644],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58646,10887,58647,58649,58650],{},[15,58648,57067],{}," with string ",[15,58651,57062],{},[33,58653,58654],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[131,58656,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,58658,1581,58660,58662],{"id":58659},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58661,57067],{}," change the list?",[20,58664,58665],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1003,58667,58669],{"id":58668},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58671,11691,58672,92],{},[15,58673,1894],{},[1003,58675,4953,58677,58679],{"id":58676},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58678,57067],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58681,58682],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1003,58684,14683,58686,58688],{"id":58685},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58687,57067],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58690,41925,58691,1377,58693,58695],{},[15,58692,57608],{},[15,58694,57605],{}," are different values.",[1003,58697,4941,58699,58701,58702,1631],{"id":58698},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58700,3380],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58703,2761],{},[20,58705,8564,58706,58708,58709,1377,58711,58708,58713,92],{},[15,58707,3380],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58710,2761],{},[15,58712,3452],{},[15,58714,1894],{},[131,58716,1643],{"id":1642},[30,58718,58719,58723,58729,58733,58741,58748],{},[33,58720,58721],{},[166,58722,52542],{"href":50749},[33,58724,58725],{},[166,58726,58728],{"href":58727},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,58730,58731],{},[166,58732,6722],{"href":5983},[33,58734,58735],{},[166,58736,55291,58738,1573],{"href":58737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58739,58740],{},"index()",[33,58742,58743],{},[166,58744,1686,58746],{"href":58745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58747,42134],{},[33,58749,58750],{},[166,58751,58752],{"href":58266},"What is a list in Python",[1696,58754,58755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":58757},[58758,58759,58761,58762,58763,58769,58775,58777,58785,58796],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":57159,"depth":80,"text":58760},"What list.count() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":37791,"depth":80,"text":37792},{"id":57481,"depth":80,"text":57482,"children":58764},[58765,58766,58768],{"id":57513,"depth":102,"text":57514},{"id":57612,"depth":102,"text":58767},"1 and True can match",{"id":57711,"depth":102,"text":57712},{"id":57789,"depth":80,"text":57790,"children":58770},[58771,58772,58773,58774],{"id":57793,"depth":102,"text":57794},{"id":57872,"depth":102,"text":57873},{"id":57969,"depth":102,"text":57970},{"id":58044,"depth":102,"text":58045},{"id":58145,"depth":80,"text":58776},"When to use count()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":58778},[58779,58780,58782,58783],{"id":58276,"depth":102,"text":58277},{"id":58365,"depth":102,"text":58781},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58452,"depth":102,"text":58453},{"id":58525,"depth":102,"text":58784},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":58786},[58787,58789,58790,58792,58794],{"id":58659,"depth":102,"text":58788},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58668,"depth":102,"text":58669},{"id":58676,"depth":102,"text":58791},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58685,"depth":102,"text":58793},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58698,"depth":102,"text":58795},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57054,"description":58797},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58804,"title":58805,"body":58806,"description":60769,"extension":1733,"meta":60770,"navigation":248,"path":60771,"seo":60772,"stem":60773,"__hash__":60774},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58807,"toc":60732},[58808,58811,58814,58816,58944,58948,59029,59040,59042,59061,59065,59068,59071,59089,59091,59134,59138,59163,59172,59176,59181,59184,59301,59305,59374,59378,59390,59394,59397,59438,59442,59455,59458,59543,59547,59580,59587,59593,59598,59600,59612,59616,59649,59653,59685,59689,59726,59730,59750,59754,59788,59792,59821,59832,59836,59839,59842,59855,59912,59916,59955,59961,59964,59966,59969,59973,59976,60001,60003,60028,60035,60038,60083,60087,60106,60109,60148,60155,60160,60194,60198,60299,60306,60339,60343,60369,60373,60376,60414,60417,60454,60458,60461,60480,60484,60545,60547,60565,60569,60572,60575,60604,60606,60610,60613,60621,60625,60628,60648,60654,60660,60664,60667,60674,60682,60684,60723,60729],[10,58809,58805],{"id":58810},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58812,58813],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[131,58815,3385],{"id":3384},[46,58817,58819],{"className":48,"code":58818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58820,58821,58841,58873,58881,58899,58903,58913,58923,58934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58822,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58824,3395],{"class":61},[55,58826,66],{"class":65},[55,58828,3400],{"class":91},[55,58830,2761],{"class":1210},[55,58832,2764],{"class":91},[55,58834,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58836,2764],{"class":91},[55,58838,2223],{"class":1210},[55,58840,3413],{"class":91},[55,58842,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58844,4778],{"class":61},[55,58846,66],{"class":65},[55,58848,3400],{"class":91},[55,58850,228],{"class":69},[55,58852,12660],{"class":73},[55,58854,228],{"class":69},[55,58856,2764],{"class":91},[55,58858,70],{"class":69},[55,58860,35711],{"class":73},[55,58862,228],{"class":69},[55,58864,2764],{"class":91},[55,58866,70],{"class":69},[55,58868,35720],{"class":73},[55,58870,228],{"class":69},[55,58872,3413],{"class":91},[55,58874,58875,58877,58879],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,58876,55702],{"class":61},[55,58878,66],{"class":65},[55,58880,7623],{"class":91},[55,58882,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,58884,35860],{"class":61},[55,58886,66],{"class":65},[55,58888,22336],{"class":1265},[55,58890,109],{"class":91},[55,58892,228],{"class":69},[55,58894,41334],{"class":73},[55,58896,228],{"class":69},[55,58898,342],{"class":91},[55,58900,58901],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,58902,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,58904,58905,58907,58909,58911],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,58906,106],{"class":105},[55,58908,109],{"class":91},[55,58910,3427],{"class":95},[55,58912,342],{"class":91},[55,58914,58915,58917,58919,58921],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,58916,106],{"class":105},[55,58918,109],{"class":91},[55,58920,4822],{"class":95},[55,58922,342],{"class":91},[55,58924,58925,58927,58929,58932],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,58926,106],{"class":105},[55,58928,109],{"class":91},[55,58930,58931],{"class":95},"empty_list",[55,58933,342],{"class":91},[55,58935,58936,58938,58940,58942],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,58937,106],{"class":105},[55,58939,109],{"class":91},[55,58941,35913],{"class":95},[55,58943,342],{"class":91},[20,58945,58946],{},[123,58947,357],{},[46,58949,58951],{"className":48,"code":58950,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58952,58953,58969,58997,59001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58954,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58956,3680],{"class":91},[55,58958,2761],{"class":1210},[55,58960,2764],{"class":91},[55,58962,2767],{"class":1210},[55,58964,2764],{"class":91},[55,58966,2223],{"class":1210},[55,58968,3413],{"class":91},[55,58970,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,58972,3680],{"class":91},[55,58974,3077],{"class":69},[55,58976,12660],{"class":73},[55,58978,3077],{"class":69},[55,58980,2764],{"class":91},[55,58982,3072],{"class":69},[55,58984,35711],{"class":73},[55,58986,3077],{"class":69},[55,58988,2764],{"class":91},[55,58990,3072],{"class":69},[55,58992,35720],{"class":73},[55,58994,3077],{"class":69},[55,58996,3413],{"class":91},[55,58998,58999],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,59000,38069],{"class":91},[55,59002,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,59004,3680],{"class":91},[55,59006,3077],{"class":69},[55,59008,166],{"class":73},[55,59010,3077],{"class":69},[55,59012,2764],{"class":91},[55,59014,3072],{"class":69},[55,59016,4543],{"class":73},[55,59018,3077],{"class":69},[55,59020,2764],{"class":91},[55,59022,3072],{"class":69},[55,59024,9520],{"class":73},[55,59026,3077],{"class":69},[55,59028,3413],{"class":91},[20,59030,59031,59032,59034,59035,59037,59038,92],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59033,3565],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59036,24555],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59039,35968],{},[131,59041,14943],{"id":14942},[30,59043,59044,59047,59050,59053,59058],{},[33,59045,59046],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,59048,59049],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,59051,59052],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,59054,59055,59056,538],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59057,24555],{},[33,59059,59060],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[131,59062,59064],{"id":59063},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59066,59067],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59069,59070],{},"This means:",[30,59072,59073,59076,59079,59082],{},[33,59074,59075],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,59077,59078],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,59080,59081],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,59083,59084,59085,59088],{},"A list is ",[123,59086,59087],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59090,214],{},[46,59092,59094],{"className":48,"code":59093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59095,59096,59120,59124],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59097,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59099,7563],{"class":61},[55,59101,66],{"class":65},[55,59103,3400],{"class":91},[55,59105,228],{"class":69},[55,59107,3860],{"class":73},[55,59109,228],{"class":69},[55,59111,2764],{"class":91},[55,59113,5790],{"class":1210},[55,59115,2764],{"class":91},[55,59117,3696],{"class":3631},[55,59119,3413],{"class":91},[55,59121,59122],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59123,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,59125,59126,59128,59130,59132],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,59127,106],{"class":105},[55,59129,109],{"class":91},[55,59131,7594],{"class":95},[55,59133,342],{"class":91},[20,59135,59136],{},[123,59137,357],{},[46,59139,59141],{"className":48,"code":59140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59142,59143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59144,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59146,3680],{"class":91},[55,59148,3077],{"class":69},[55,59150,3860],{"class":73},[55,59152,3077],{"class":69},[55,59154,2764],{"class":91},[55,59156,5790],{"class":1210},[55,59158,2764],{"class":91},[55,59160,3696],{"class":3631},[55,59162,3413],{"class":91},[20,59164,59165,59166,2651,59169,92],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[166,59167,59168],{"href":50749},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[166,59170,59171],{"href":58266},"What is a List in Python?",[131,59173,59175],{"id":59174},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59177,59031,59178,59180],{},[15,59179,3565],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59182,59183],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[46,59185,59187],{"className":48,"code":59186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59188,59189,59209,59241,59266,59270,59280,59290],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59190,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59192,3395],{"class":61},[55,59194,66],{"class":65},[55,59196,3400],{"class":91},[55,59198,2761],{"class":1210},[55,59200,2764],{"class":91},[55,59202,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59204,2764],{"class":91},[55,59206,2223],{"class":1210},[55,59208,3413],{"class":91},[55,59210,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59212,4778],{"class":61},[55,59214,66],{"class":65},[55,59216,3400],{"class":91},[55,59218,228],{"class":69},[55,59220,12660],{"class":73},[55,59222,228],{"class":69},[55,59224,2764],{"class":91},[55,59226,70],{"class":69},[55,59228,35711],{"class":73},[55,59230,228],{"class":69},[55,59232,2764],{"class":91},[55,59234,70],{"class":69},[55,59236,35720],{"class":73},[55,59238,228],{"class":69},[55,59240,3413],{"class":91},[55,59242,59243,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,59244,59245],{"class":61},"mixed ",[55,59247,66],{"class":65},[55,59249,3400],{"class":91},[55,59251,2101],{"class":1210},[55,59253,2764],{"class":91},[55,59255,70],{"class":69},[55,59257,3624],{"class":73},[55,59259,228],{"class":69},[55,59261,2764],{"class":91},[55,59263,3687],{"class":3631},[55,59265,3413],{"class":91},[55,59267,59268],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,59269,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,59271,59272,59274,59276,59278],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,59273,106],{"class":105},[55,59275,109],{"class":91},[55,59277,3427],{"class":95},[55,59279,342],{"class":91},[55,59281,59282,59284,59286,59288],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,59283,106],{"class":105},[55,59285,109],{"class":91},[55,59287,4822],{"class":95},[55,59289,342],{"class":91},[55,59291,59292,59294,59296,59299],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,59293,106],{"class":105},[55,59295,109],{"class":91},[55,59297,59298],{"class":95},"mixed",[55,59300,342],{"class":91},[20,59302,59303],{},[123,59304,357],{},[46,59306,59308],{"className":48,"code":59307,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59309,59310,59326,59354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59311,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59313,3680],{"class":91},[55,59315,2761],{"class":1210},[55,59317,2764],{"class":91},[55,59319,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59321,2764],{"class":91},[55,59323,2223],{"class":1210},[55,59325,3413],{"class":91},[55,59327,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59329,3680],{"class":91},[55,59331,3077],{"class":69},[55,59333,12660],{"class":73},[55,59335,3077],{"class":69},[55,59337,2764],{"class":91},[55,59339,3072],{"class":69},[55,59341,35711],{"class":73},[55,59343,3077],{"class":69},[55,59345,2764],{"class":91},[55,59347,3072],{"class":69},[55,59349,35720],{"class":73},[55,59351,3077],{"class":69},[55,59353,3413],{"class":91},[55,59355,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,59357,3680],{"class":91},[55,59359,2101],{"class":1210},[55,59361,2764],{"class":91},[55,59363,3072],{"class":69},[55,59365,3624],{"class":73},[55,59367,3077],{"class":69},[55,59369,2764],{"class":91},[55,59371,3687],{"class":3631},[55,59373,3413],{"class":91},[1003,59375,59377],{"id":59376},"key-points","Key points",[30,59379,59380,59385,59387],{},[33,59381,1866,59382,59384],{},[15,59383,3565],{}," to make a new list",[33,59386,15213],{},[33,59388,59389],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[131,59391,59393],{"id":59392},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59395,59396],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[46,59398,59400],{"className":48,"code":59399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59401,59402,59410,59414,59424],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59403,59404,59406,59408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59405,8090],{"class":61},[55,59407,66],{"class":65},[55,59409,7623],{"class":91},[55,59411,59412],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59413,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,59415,59416,59418,59420,59422],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,59417,106],{"class":105},[55,59419,109],{"class":91},[55,59421,8121],{"class":95},[55,59423,342],{"class":91},[55,59425,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,59427,106],{"class":105},[55,59429,109],{"class":91},[55,59431,10942],{"class":105},[55,59433,109],{"class":91},[55,59435,8121],{"class":95},[55,59437,1273],{"class":91},[20,59439,59440],{},[123,59441,357],{},[46,59443,59445],{"className":48,"code":59444,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[]\n0\n",[15,59446,59447,59451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59448,59449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59450,38069],{"class":91},[55,59452,59453],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59454,47022],{"class":1210},[20,59456,59457],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[46,59459,59461],{"className":48,"code":59460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59462,59463,59471,59475,59493,59511,59529,59533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59464,59465,59467,59469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59466,4778],{"class":61},[55,59468,66],{"class":65},[55,59470,7623],{"class":91},[55,59472,59473],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59474,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,59476,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,59478,4822],{"class":61},[55,59480,92],{"class":91},[55,59482,13332],{"class":95},[55,59484,109],{"class":91},[55,59486,228],{"class":69},[55,59488,12660],{"class":73},[55,59490,228],{"class":69},[55,59492,342],{"class":91},[55,59494,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,59496,4822],{"class":61},[55,59498,92],{"class":91},[55,59500,13332],{"class":95},[55,59502,109],{"class":91},[55,59504,228],{"class":69},[55,59506,35711],{"class":73},[55,59508,228],{"class":69},[55,59510,342],{"class":91},[55,59512,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,59514,4822],{"class":61},[55,59516,92],{"class":91},[55,59518,13332],{"class":95},[55,59520,109],{"class":91},[55,59522,228],{"class":69},[55,59524,35720],{"class":73},[55,59526,228],{"class":69},[55,59528,342],{"class":91},[55,59530,59531],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,59532,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,59534,59535,59537,59539,59541],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,59536,106],{"class":105},[55,59538,109],{"class":91},[55,59540,4822],{"class":95},[55,59542,342],{"class":91},[20,59544,59545],{},[123,59546,357],{},[46,59548,59550],{"className":48,"code":59549,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59551,59552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59553,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59555,3680],{"class":91},[55,59557,3077],{"class":69},[55,59559,12660],{"class":73},[55,59561,3077],{"class":69},[55,59563,2764],{"class":91},[55,59565,3072],{"class":69},[55,59567,35711],{"class":73},[55,59569,3077],{"class":69},[55,59571,2764],{"class":91},[55,59573,3072],{"class":69},[55,59575,35720],{"class":73},[55,59577,3077],{"class":69},[55,59579,3413],{"class":91},[20,59581,59582,59583,92],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[166,59584,59585,1573],{"href":56540},[15,59586,52423],{},[131,59588,59590,59591],{"id":59589},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59592,24555],{},[20,59594,1866,59595,59597],{},[15,59596,24555],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59599,5241],{},[30,59601,59602,59604,59606,59608],{},[33,59603,5092],{},[33,59605,5086],{},[33,59607,5089],{},[33,59609,59610],{},[15,59611,35968],{},[1003,59613,59615],{"id":59614},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[46,59617,59619],{"className":48,"code":59618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59620,59621,59639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59622,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59624,35860],{"class":61},[55,59626,66],{"class":65},[55,59628,22336],{"class":1265},[55,59630,109],{"class":91},[55,59632,228],{"class":69},[55,59634,41334],{"class":73},[55,59636,228],{"class":69},[55,59638,342],{"class":91},[55,59640,59641,59643,59645,59647],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59642,106],{"class":105},[55,59644,109],{"class":91},[55,59646,35913],{"class":95},[55,59648,342],{"class":91},[20,59650,59651],{},[123,59652,357],{},[46,59654,59655],{"className":48,"code":42648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,59656,59657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59660,3680],{"class":91},[55,59662,3077],{"class":69},[55,59664,166],{"class":73},[55,59666,3077],{"class":69},[55,59668,2764],{"class":91},[55,59670,3072],{"class":69},[55,59672,4543],{"class":73},[55,59674,3077],{"class":69},[55,59676,2764],{"class":91},[55,59678,3072],{"class":69},[55,59680,9520],{"class":73},[55,59682,3077],{"class":69},[55,59684,3413],{"class":91},[1003,59686,59688],{"id":59687},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[46,59690,59692],{"className":48,"code":59691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59693,59694,59716],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59695,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59697,3395],{"class":61},[55,59699,66],{"class":65},[55,59701,22336],{"class":1265},[55,59703,5295],{"class":91},[55,59705,2761],{"class":1210},[55,59707,2764],{"class":91},[55,59709,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59711,2764],{"class":91},[55,59713,2223],{"class":1210},[55,59715,1273],{"class":91},[55,59717,59718,59720,59722,59724],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59719,106],{"class":105},[55,59721,109],{"class":91},[55,59723,3427],{"class":95},[55,59725,342],{"class":91},[20,59727,59728],{},[123,59729,357],{},[46,59731,59732],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,59733,59734],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59735,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59737,3680],{"class":91},[55,59739,2761],{"class":1210},[55,59741,2764],{"class":91},[55,59743,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59745,2764],{"class":91},[55,59747,2223],{"class":1210},[55,59749,3413],{"class":91},[1003,59751,59753],{"id":59752},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[46,59755,59757],{"className":48,"code":59756,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59758,59759,59778],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59760,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59772,59774,59776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59762,3601],{"class":61},[55,59764,66],{"class":65},[55,59766,22336],{"class":1265},[55,59768,109],{"class":91},[55,59770,59771],{"class":105},"range",[55,59773,109],{"class":91},[55,59775,1911],{"class":1210},[55,59777,1273],{"class":91},[55,59779,59780,59782,59784,59786],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59781,106],{"class":105},[55,59783,109],{"class":91},[55,59785,5142],{"class":95},[55,59787,342],{"class":91},[20,59789,59790],{},[123,59791,357],{},[46,59793,59795],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59796,59797],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59798,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59800,3680],{"class":91},[55,59802,1894],{"class":1210},[55,59804,2764],{"class":91},[55,59806,5282],{"class":1210},[55,59808,2764],{"class":91},[55,59810,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59812,2764],{"class":91},[55,59814,2223],{"class":1210},[55,59816,2764],{"class":91},[55,59818,2229],{"class":1210},[55,59820,3413],{"class":91},[20,59822,59823,59825,59826,92],{},[15,59824,24555],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[166,59827,59829,59831],{"href":59828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59830,24555],{},": Function Explained",[131,59833,59835],{"id":59834},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59837,59838],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59840,59841],{},"Examples include:",[30,59843,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852],{},[33,59845,5092],{},[33,59847,40197],{},[33,59849,51816],{},[33,59851,40367],{},[33,59853,59854],{},"other lists",[46,59856,59858],{"className":48,"code":59857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59859,59860,59898,59902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59861,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59863,8945],{"class":61},[55,59865,66],{"class":65},[55,59867,3400],{"class":91},[55,59869,228],{"class":69},[55,59871,12660],{"class":73},[55,59873,228],{"class":69},[55,59875,2764],{"class":91},[55,59877,9086],{"class":1210},[55,59879,2764],{"class":91},[55,59881,3696],{"class":3631},[55,59883,2764],{"class":91},[55,59885,3400],{"class":91},[55,59887,2761],{"class":1210},[55,59889,2764],{"class":91},[55,59891,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59893,2764],{"class":91},[55,59895,2223],{"class":1210},[55,59897,53013],{"class":91},[55,59899,59900],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59901,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,59903,59904,59906,59908,59910],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,59905,106],{"class":105},[55,59907,109],{"class":91},[55,59909,8984],{"class":95},[55,59911,342],{"class":91},[20,59913,59914],{},[123,59915,357],{},[46,59917,59919],{"className":48,"code":59918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59920,59921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59922,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59924,3680],{"class":91},[55,59926,3077],{"class":69},[55,59928,12660],{"class":73},[55,59930,3077],{"class":69},[55,59932,2764],{"class":91},[55,59934,9086],{"class":1210},[55,59936,2764],{"class":91},[55,59938,3696],{"class":3631},[55,59940,2764],{"class":91},[55,59942,3400],{"class":91},[55,59944,2761],{"class":1210},[55,59946,2764],{"class":91},[55,59948,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59950,2764],{"class":91},[55,59952,2223],{"class":1210},[55,59954,53013],{"class":91},[20,59956,59957,59958,92],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[123,59959,59960],{},"nested list",[20,59962,59963],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[131,59965,4301],{"id":4300},[20,59967,59968],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1003,59970,59972],{"id":59971},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59974,59975],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[46,59977,59979],{"className":48,"code":59978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59980,59981,59985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59982,59983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59984,4318],{"class":118},[55,59986,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,59988,3395],{"class":61},[55,59990,66],{"class":65},[55,59992,3400],{"class":91},[55,59994,2761],{"class":1210},[55,59996,2767],{"class":1210},[55,59998,2223],{"class":1210},[55,60000,3413],{"class":91},[20,60002,10588],{},[46,60004,60006],{"className":48,"code":60005,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60007,60008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60009,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60011,3395],{"class":61},[55,60013,66],{"class":65},[55,60015,3400],{"class":91},[55,60017,2761],{"class":1210},[55,60019,2764],{"class":91},[55,60021,2767],{"class":1210},[55,60023,2764],{"class":91},[55,60025,2223],{"class":1210},[55,60027,3413],{"class":91},[1003,60029,1185,60031,1012,60033],{"id":60030},"using-instead-of",[15,60032,498],{},[15,60034,3565],{},[20,60036,60037],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[46,60039,60041],{"className":48,"code":60040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60042,60043,60064,60068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60044,60045,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60046,60047],{"class":61},"my_values ",[55,60049,66],{"class":65},[55,60051,9016],{"class":91},[55,60053,2761],{"class":1210},[55,60055,2764],{"class":91},[55,60057,2767],{"class":1210},[55,60059,2764],{"class":91},[55,60061,2223],{"class":1210},[55,60063,342],{"class":91},[55,60065,60066],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60067,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,60069,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60081],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,60071,106],{"class":105},[55,60073,109],{"class":91},[55,60075,1266],{"class":1265},[55,60077,109],{"class":91},[55,60079,60080],{"class":95},"my_values",[55,60082,1273],{"class":91},[20,60084,60085],{},[123,60086,357],{},[46,60088,60090],{"className":48,"code":60089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60091,60092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60093,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60095,3066],{"class":65},[55,60097,3069],{"class":1838},[55,60099,3072],{"class":69},[55,60101,48724],{"class":73},[55,60103,3077],{"class":69},[55,60105,3080],{"class":65},[20,60107,60108],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[46,60110,60112],{"className":48,"code":60111,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60113,60114,60134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60115,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60117,60047],{"class":61},[55,60119,66],{"class":65},[55,60121,3400],{"class":91},[55,60123,2761],{"class":1210},[55,60125,2764],{"class":91},[55,60127,2767],{"class":1210},[55,60129,2764],{"class":91},[55,60131,2223],{"class":1210},[55,60133,3413],{"class":91},[55,60135,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144,60146],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60137,106],{"class":105},[55,60139,109],{"class":91},[55,60141,1266],{"class":1265},[55,60143,109],{"class":91},[55,60145,60080],{"class":95},[55,60147,1273],{"class":91},[1003,60149,8235,60151,60154],{"id":60150},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60152,60153],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60156,60157,60159],{},[15,60158,24555],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[46,60161,60163],{"className":48,"code":60162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60164,60165,60184],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60166,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60180,60182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60168,83],{"class":61},[55,60170,66],{"class":65},[55,60172,22336],{"class":1265},[55,60174,109],{"class":91},[55,60176,228],{"class":69},[55,60178,60179],{"class":73},"hello world",[55,60181,228],{"class":69},[55,60183,342],{"class":91},[55,60185,60186,60188,60190,60192],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60187,106],{"class":105},[55,60189,109],{"class":91},[55,60191,112],{"class":95},[55,60193,342],{"class":91},[20,60195,60196],{},[123,60197,357],{},[46,60199,60201],{"className":48,"code":60200,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60202,60203],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60204,60205,60207,60209,60212,60214,60216,60218,60221,60223,60225,60227,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60206,3680],{"class":91},[55,60208,3077],{"class":69},[55,60210,60211],{"class":73},"h",[55,60213,3077],{"class":69},[55,60215,2764],{"class":91},[55,60217,3072],{"class":69},[55,60219,60220],{"class":73},"e",[55,60222,3077],{"class":69},[55,60224,2764],{"class":91},[55,60226,3072],{"class":69},[55,60228,60229],{"class":73},"l",[55,60231,3077],{"class":69},[55,60233,2764],{"class":91},[55,60235,3072],{"class":69},[55,60237,60229],{"class":73},[55,60239,3077],{"class":69},[55,60241,2764],{"class":91},[55,60243,3072],{"class":69},[55,60245,60246],{"class":73},"o",[55,60248,3077],{"class":69},[55,60250,2764],{"class":91},[55,60252,3072],{"class":69},[55,60254,3072],{"class":69},[55,60256,2764],{"class":91},[55,60258,3072],{"class":69},[55,60260,60261],{"class":73},"w",[55,60263,3077],{"class":69},[55,60265,2764],{"class":91},[55,60267,3072],{"class":69},[55,60269,60246],{"class":73},[55,60271,3077],{"class":69},[55,60273,2764],{"class":91},[55,60275,3072],{"class":69},[55,60277,60278],{"class":73},"r",[55,60280,3077],{"class":69},[55,60282,2764],{"class":91},[55,60284,3072],{"class":69},[55,60286,60229],{"class":73},[55,60288,3077],{"class":69},[55,60290,2764],{"class":91},[55,60292,3072],{"class":69},[55,60294,18545],{"class":73},[55,60296,3077],{"class":69},[55,60298,3413],{"class":91},[20,60300,60301,60302,60305],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60303,60304],{},"split()"," instead:",[46,60307,60309],{"className":48,"code":60308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60310,60311,60329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60312,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60314,3851],{"class":61},[55,60316,66],{"class":65},[55,60318,70],{"class":69},[55,60320,60179],{"class":73},[55,60322,228],{"class":69},[55,60324,92],{"class":91},[55,60326,34241],{"class":95},[55,60328,99],{"class":91},[55,60330,60331,60333,60335,60337],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60332,106],{"class":105},[55,60334,109],{"class":91},[55,60336,3895],{"class":95},[55,60338,342],{"class":91},[20,60340,60341],{},[123,60342,357],{},[46,60344,60346],{"className":48,"code":60345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60347,60348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60349,60350,60352,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362,60365,60367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60351,3680],{"class":91},[55,60353,3077],{"class":69},[55,60355,3624],{"class":73},[55,60357,3077],{"class":69},[55,60359,2764],{"class":91},[55,60361,3072],{"class":69},[55,60363,60364],{"class":73},"world",[55,60366,3077],{"class":69},[55,60368,3413],{"class":91},[1003,60370,60372],{"id":60371},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60374,60375],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[46,60377,60379],{"className":48,"code":60378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60380,60381,60385],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60382,60383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60384,4318],{"class":118},[55,60386,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60406,60408,60410,60412],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60388,4778],{"class":61},[55,60390,66],{"class":65},[55,60392,3400],{"class":91},[55,60394,228],{"class":69},[55,60396,12660],{"class":73},[55,60398,228],{"class":69},[55,60400,2764],{"class":91},[55,60402,70],{"class":69},[55,60404,60405],{"class":73},"Ben', ",[55,60407,228],{"class":69},[55,60409,35720],{"class":61},[55,60411,228],{"class":69},[55,60413,3413],{"class":73},[20,60415,60416],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[46,60418,60420],{"className":48,"code":60419,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60421,60422],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60423,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60425,4778],{"class":61},[55,60427,66],{"class":65},[55,60429,3400],{"class":91},[55,60431,228],{"class":69},[55,60433,12660],{"class":73},[55,60435,228],{"class":69},[55,60437,2764],{"class":91},[55,60439,70],{"class":69},[55,60441,35711],{"class":73},[55,60443,228],{"class":69},[55,60445,2764],{"class":91},[55,60447,70],{"class":69},[55,60449,35720],{"class":73},[55,60451,228],{"class":69},[55,60453,3413],{"class":91},[1003,60455,60457],{"id":60456},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60459,60460],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60462,60463,60466,60469,60474],{},[33,60464,60465],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60467,60468],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60470,60471,60472],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60473,24555],{},[33,60475,8235,60476,60479],{},[15,60477,60478],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1003,60481,60483],{"id":60482},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[46,60485,60487],{"className":48,"code":60486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60488,60489,60499,60513,60527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60490,60491,60493,60495,60497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60492,106],{"class":105},[55,60494,109],{"class":91},[55,60496,8121],{"class":95},[55,60498,342],{"class":91},[55,60500,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60502,106],{"class":105},[55,60504,109],{"class":91},[55,60506,1266],{"class":1265},[55,60508,109],{"class":91},[55,60510,8121],{"class":95},[55,60512,1273],{"class":91},[55,60514,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,60516,106],{"class":105},[55,60518,109],{"class":91},[55,60520,10942],{"class":105},[55,60522,109],{"class":91},[55,60524,8121],{"class":95},[55,60526,1273],{"class":91},[55,60528,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,60530,106],{"class":105},[55,60532,109],{"class":91},[55,60534,7877],{"class":1265},[55,60536,109],{"class":91},[55,60538,59771],{"class":105},[55,60540,109],{"class":91},[55,60542,1911],{"class":1210},[55,60544,2685],{"class":91},[20,60546,25781],{},[30,60548,60549,60552,60555,60558],{},[33,60550,60551],{},"what the list contains",[33,60553,60554],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60556,60557],{},"how many items it has",[33,60559,25792,60560,60562,60563],{},[15,60561,24555],{}," does with ",[15,60564,35968],{},[131,60566,60568],{"id":60567},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60570,60571],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60573,60574],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60576,60577,60592,60597],{},[33,60578,1866,60579,1963,60583,16850,60587,60591],{},[166,60580,60581],{"href":56540},[15,60582,52423],{},[166,60584,60585],{"href":53115},[15,60586,53217],{},[166,60588,60589],{"href":53679},[15,60590,54039],{}," to add items later",[33,60593,1866,60594,60596],{},[166,60595,59168],{"href":50749}," for a broader introduction",[33,60598,1866,60599,60603],{},[166,60600,60601,59831],{"href":59828},[15,60602,24555],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[131,60605,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,60607,60609],{"id":60608},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60611,60612],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[46,60614,60615],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,60616,60617],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60618,60619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60620,38069],{"class":91},[1003,60622,60624],{"id":60623},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60626,60627],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[46,60629,60630],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,60631,60632],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60633,60634,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644,60646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60635,3680],{"class":91},[55,60637,2761],{"class":1210},[55,60639,2764],{"class":91},[55,60641,2767],{"class":1210},[55,60643,2764],{"class":91},[55,60645,2223],{"class":1210},[55,60647,3413],{"class":91},[1003,60649,1603,60651,60653],{"id":60650},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60652,24555],{}," do in Python?",[20,60655,60656,60657,60659],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60658,35968],{},", into a list.",[1003,60661,60663],{"id":60662},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60665,60666],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1003,60668,1626,60670,1377,60672,1631],{"id":60669},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60671,3565],{},[15,60673,498],{},[20,60675,60676,60678,60679,60681],{},[15,60677,3565],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60680,498],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[131,60683,1643],{"id":1642},[30,60685,60686,60690,60696,60702,60708,60714,60718],{},[33,60687,60688],{},[166,60689,59168],{"href":50749},[33,60691,60692],{},[166,60693,55291,60694,18],{"href":56540},[15,60695,52423],{},[33,60697,60698],{},[166,60699,55291,60700,18],{"href":53115},[15,60701,53217],{},[33,60703,60704],{},[166,60705,55291,60706,18],{"href":53679},[15,60707,54039],{},[33,60709,60710],{},[166,60711,1686,60712,3355],{"href":59828},[15,60713,24555],{},[33,60715,60716],{},[166,60717,59171],{"href":58266},[33,60719,60720],{},[166,60721,60722],{"href":11845},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60724,60725,60726,60728],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60727,52423],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1696,60730,60731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":60733},[60734,60735,60736,60737,60740,60741,60747,60748,60758,60759,60768],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":14942,"depth":80,"text":14943},{"id":59063,"depth":80,"text":59064},{"id":59174,"depth":80,"text":59175,"children":60738},[60739],{"id":59376,"depth":102,"text":59377},{"id":59392,"depth":80,"text":59393},{"id":59589,"depth":80,"text":60742,"children":60743},"Create a list with list()",[60744,60745,60746],{"id":59614,"depth":102,"text":59615},{"id":59687,"depth":102,"text":59688},{"id":59752,"depth":102,"text":59753},{"id":59834,"depth":80,"text":59835},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":60749},[60750,60751,60753,60755,60756,60757],{"id":59971,"depth":102,"text":59972},{"id":60030,"depth":102,"text":60752},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60150,"depth":102,"text":60754},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60371,"depth":102,"text":60372},{"id":60456,"depth":102,"text":60457},{"id":60482,"depth":102,"text":60483},{"id":60567,"depth":80,"text":60568},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":60760},[60761,60762,60763,60765,60766],{"id":60608,"depth":102,"text":60609},{"id":60623,"depth":102,"text":60624},{"id":60650,"depth":102,"text":60764},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60662,"depth":102,"text":60663},{"id":60669,"depth":102,"text":60767},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58805,"description":60769},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60776,"title":60777,"body":60778,"description":62518,"extension":1733,"meta":62519,"navigation":248,"path":62520,"seo":62521,"stem":62522,"__hash__":62523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60779,"toc":62473},[60780,60785,60790,60793,60795,60866,60871,60876,60880,60894,60899,60901,60921,60926,60929,60951,60955,60960,61052,61054,61076,61082,61088,61095,61102,61108,61165,61171,61229,61231,61243,61251,61257,61262,61266,61323,61326,61330,61389,61392,61396,61454,61466,61470,61523,61526,61530,61536,61542,61604,61607,61668,61671,61727,61732,61734,61738,61745,61806,61811,61820,61876,61883,61887,61945,61954,62012,62016,62051,62055,62065,62068,62123,62137,62140,62255,62260,62264,62275,62277,62356,62366,62368,62373,62378,62385,62393,62399,62402,62408,62411,62417,62423,62425,62461,62470],[10,60781,54113,60783,18],{"id":60782},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60784,53217],{},[20,60786,60787,60789],{},[15,60788,53118],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60791,60792],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[131,60794,1775],{"id":1774},[46,60796,60798],{"className":48,"code":60797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60799,60800,60816,60833,60837,60852,60862],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60801,60802,60804,60806,60808,60810,60812,60814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60803,3395],{"class":61},[55,60805,66],{"class":65},[55,60807,3400],{"class":91},[55,60809,2761],{"class":1210},[55,60811,2764],{"class":91},[55,60813,2767],{"class":1210},[55,60815,3413],{"class":91},[55,60817,60818,60821,60823,60825,60827,60829,60831],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60819,60820],{"class":61},"more_numbers ",[55,60822,66],{"class":65},[55,60824,3400],{"class":91},[55,60826,1835],{"class":1210},[55,60828,2764],{"class":91},[55,60830,2229],{"class":1210},[55,60832,3413],{"class":91},[55,60834,60835],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,60836,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,60838,60839,60841,60843,60845,60847,60850],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,60840,3427],{"class":61},[55,60842,92],{"class":91},[55,60844,53247],{"class":95},[55,60846,109],{"class":91},[55,60848,60849],{"class":95},"more_numbers",[55,60851,342],{"class":91},[55,60853,60854,60856,60858,60860],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,60855,106],{"class":105},[55,60857,109],{"class":91},[55,60859,3427],{"class":95},[55,60861,342],{"class":91},[55,60863,60864],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,60865,52494],{"class":118},[20,60867,1866,60868,60870],{},[15,60869,53217],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[131,60872,134,60874,137],{"id":60873},"what-listextend-does",[15,60875,53118],{},[20,60877,60878,539],{},[15,60879,53217],{},[30,60881,60882,60885,60887,60890],{},[33,60883,60884],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,60886,54199],{},[33,60888,60889],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,60891,11204,60892],{},[15,60893,3556],{},[20,60895,60896,60897,53572],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60898,53217],{},[131,60900,178],{"id":177},[46,60902,60904],{"className":48,"code":60903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60905,60906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60907,60908,60911,60913,60915,60917,60919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60909,60910],{"class":61},"list_name",[55,60912,92],{"class":91},[55,60914,53247],{"class":95},[55,60916,109],{"class":91},[55,60918,3498],{"class":95},[55,60920,342],{"class":91},[20,60922,5236,60923,60925],{},[123,60924,3498],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60927,60928],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,60930,60931,60935,60939,60943,60947],{},[33,60932,60933],{},[15,60934,7877],{},[33,60936,60937],{},[15,60938,48724],{},[33,60940,60941],{},[15,60942,6073],{},[33,60944,60945],{},[15,60946,191],{},[33,60948,60949],{},[15,60950,59771],{},[131,60952,60954],{"id":60953},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60956,60957,60958,539],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60959,53217],{},[46,60961,60963],{"className":48,"code":60962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60964,60965,60989,61014,61018,61033,61037,61047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60966,60967,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983,60985,60987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60968,36009],{"class":61},[55,60970,66],{"class":65},[55,60972,3400],{"class":91},[55,60974,228],{"class":69},[55,60976,3860],{"class":73},[55,60978,228],{"class":69},[55,60980,2764],{"class":91},[55,60982,70],{"class":69},[55,60984,3869],{"class":73},[55,60986,228],{"class":69},[55,60988,3413],{"class":91},[55,60990,60991,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,60992,60993],{"class":61},"more_fruits ",[55,60995,66],{"class":65},[55,60997,3400],{"class":91},[55,60999,228],{"class":69},[55,61001,32994],{"class":73},[55,61003,228],{"class":69},[55,61005,2764],{"class":91},[55,61007,70],{"class":69},[55,61009,22309],{"class":73},[55,61011,228],{"class":69},[55,61013,3413],{"class":91},[55,61015,61016],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61017,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61019,61020,61022,61024,61026,61028,61031],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61021,36061],{"class":61},[55,61023,92],{"class":91},[55,61025,53247],{"class":95},[55,61027,109],{"class":91},[55,61029,61030],{"class":95},"more_fruits",[55,61032,342],{"class":91},[55,61034,61035],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61036,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61038,61039,61041,61043,61045],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,61040,106],{"class":105},[55,61042,109],{"class":91},[55,61044,36061],{"class":95},[55,61046,342],{"class":91},[55,61048,61049],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,61050,61051],{"class":118},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61053,11463],{},[30,61055,61056,61061,61066],{},[33,61057,61058,61060],{},[15,61059,36061],{}," starts with two items",[33,61062,61063,61065],{},[15,61064,61030],{}," has two more items",[33,61067,61068,61070,61071,61073,61074],{},[15,61069,53217],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61072,61030],{}," to ",[15,61075,36061],{},[20,61077,61078,61079,61081],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61080,36061],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61083,54338,61084,1377,61086,92],{},[166,61085,52542],{"href":50749},[166,61087,56926],{"href":56925},[131,61089,61091,1477,61093],{"id":61090},"extend-vs-append",[15,61092,53217],{},[15,61094,52423],{},[20,61096,61097,1377,61099,61101],{},[15,61098,53217],{},[15,61100,52423],{}," are often confused.",[1003,61103,61105,61107],{"id":61104},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61106,53217],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[46,61109,61111],{"className":48,"code":61110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61112,61113,61129,61147,61151,61161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61114,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61116,3395],{"class":61},[55,61118,66],{"class":65},[55,61120,3400],{"class":91},[55,61122,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61124,2764],{"class":91},[55,61126,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61128,3413],{"class":91},[55,61130,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61141,61143,61145],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61132,3427],{"class":61},[55,61134,92],{"class":91},[55,61136,53247],{"class":95},[55,61138,2758],{"class":91},[55,61140,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61142,2764],{"class":91},[55,61144,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61146,3668],{"class":91},[55,61148,61149],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61150,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61152,61153,61155,61157,61159],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61154,106],{"class":105},[55,61156,109],{"class":91},[55,61158,3427],{"class":95},[55,61160,342],{"class":91},[55,61162,61163],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61164,52494],{"class":118},[1003,61166,61168,61170],{"id":61167},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61169,52423],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[46,61172,61174],{"className":48,"code":61173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61175,61176,61192,61210,61214,61224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61177,61178,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61179,3395],{"class":61},[55,61181,66],{"class":65},[55,61183,3400],{"class":91},[55,61185,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61187,2764],{"class":91},[55,61189,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61191,3413],{"class":91},[55,61193,61194,61196,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61195,3427],{"class":61},[55,61197,92],{"class":91},[55,61199,13332],{"class":95},[55,61201,2758],{"class":91},[55,61203,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61205,2764],{"class":91},[55,61207,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61209,3668],{"class":91},[55,61211,61212],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61213,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61215,61216,61218,61220,61222],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61217,106],{"class":105},[55,61219,109],{"class":91},[55,61221,3427],{"class":95},[55,61223,342],{"class":91},[55,61225,61226],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61227,61228],{"class":118},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61230,18472],{},[30,61232,61233,61238],{},[33,61234,61235,61237],{},[15,61236,53217],{}," to combine values",[33,61239,61240,61242],{},[15,61241,52423],{}," to add one item",[20,61244,41866,61245,1377,61249,92],{},[166,61246,55291,61247,1573],{"href":56540},[15,61248,52423],{},[166,61250,52820],{"href":52819},[131,61252,1185,61254,61256],{"id":61253},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61255,53217],{}," with different iterables",[20,61258,61259,61261],{},[15,61260,53217],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1003,61263,61265],{"id":61264},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[46,61267,61269],{"className":48,"code":61268,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61270,61271,61287,61305,61309,61319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61272,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61274,3601],{"class":61},[55,61276,66],{"class":65},[55,61278,3400],{"class":91},[55,61280,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61282,2764],{"class":91},[55,61284,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61286,3413],{"class":91},[55,61288,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61290,5142],{"class":61},[55,61292,92],{"class":91},[55,61294,53247],{"class":95},[55,61296,5295],{"class":91},[55,61298,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61300,2764],{"class":91},[55,61302,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61304,1273],{"class":91},[55,61306,61307],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61308,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61310,61311,61313,61315,61317],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61312,106],{"class":105},[55,61314,109],{"class":91},[55,61316,5142],{"class":95},[55,61318,342],{"class":91},[55,61320,61321],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61322,52494],{"class":118},[20,61324,61325],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1003,61327,61329],{"id":61328},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[46,61331,61333],{"className":48,"code":61332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61334,61335,61351,61370,61374,61384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61336,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61338,35860],{"class":61},[55,61340,66],{"class":65},[55,61342,3400],{"class":91},[55,61344,228],{"class":69},[55,61346,166],{"class":73},[55,61348,228],{"class":69},[55,61350,3413],{"class":91},[55,61352,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363,61366,61368],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61354,35913],{"class":61},[55,61356,92],{"class":91},[55,61358,53247],{"class":95},[55,61360,109],{"class":91},[55,61362,228],{"class":69},[55,61364,61365],{"class":73},"bc",[55,61367,228],{"class":69},[55,61369,342],{"class":91},[55,61371,61372],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61373,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61375,61376,61378,61380,61382],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61377,106],{"class":105},[55,61379,109],{"class":91},[55,61381,35913],{"class":95},[55,61383,342],{"class":91},[55,61385,61386],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61387,61388],{"class":118},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61390,61391],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1003,61393,61395],{"id":61394},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[46,61397,61399],{"className":48,"code":61398,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61400,61401,61413,61435,61439,61449],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61402,61403,61405,61407,61409,61411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61404,3395],{"class":61},[55,61406,66],{"class":65},[55,61408,3400],{"class":91},[55,61410,1894],{"class":1210},[55,61412,3413],{"class":91},[55,61414,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61416,3427],{"class":61},[55,61418,92],{"class":91},[55,61420,53247],{"class":95},[55,61422,109],{"class":91},[55,61424,59771],{"class":105},[55,61426,109],{"class":91},[55,61428,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61430,2764],{"class":91},[55,61432,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61434,1273],{"class":91},[55,61436,61437],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61438,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61440,61441,61443,61445,61447],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61442,106],{"class":105},[55,61444,109],{"class":91},[55,61446,3427],{"class":95},[55,61448,342],{"class":91},[55,61450,61451],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61452,61453],{"class":118},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61455,61456,61459,61460,1963,61462,16850,61464,92],{},[15,61457,61458],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61461,2761],{},[15,61463,1829],{},[15,61465,1835],{},[1003,61467,61469],{"id":61468},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[46,61471,61473],{"className":48,"code":61472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61474,61475,61491,61509,61513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61476,61477,61479,61481,61483,61485,61487,61489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61478,7563],{"class":61},[55,61480,66],{"class":65},[55,61482,3400],{"class":91},[55,61484,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61486,2764],{"class":91},[55,61488,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61490,3413],{"class":91},[55,61492,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61494,7594],{"class":61},[55,61496,92],{"class":91},[55,61498,53247],{"class":95},[55,61500,5314],{"class":91},[55,61502,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61504,2764],{"class":91},[55,61506,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61508,30268],{"class":91},[55,61510,61511],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61512,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61514,61515,61517,61519,61521],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61516,106],{"class":105},[55,61518,109],{"class":91},[55,61520,7594],{"class":95},[55,61522,342],{"class":91},[20,61524,61525],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[131,61527,61529],{"id":61528},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61531,61532,2168,61534,92],{},[15,61533,53217],{},[15,61535,3556],{},[20,61537,61538,61539,539],{},"That means this is ",[123,61540,61541],{},"wrong",[46,61543,61545],{"className":48,"code":61544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61546,61547,61563,61585,61589,61599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61548,61549,61551,61553,61555,61557,61559,61561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61550,3395],{"class":61},[55,61552,66],{"class":65},[55,61554,3400],{"class":91},[55,61556,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61558,2764],{"class":91},[55,61560,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61562,3413],{"class":91},[55,61564,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61566,83],{"class":61},[55,61568,66],{"class":65},[55,61570,4045],{"class":61},[55,61572,92],{"class":91},[55,61574,53247],{"class":95},[55,61576,2758],{"class":91},[55,61578,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61580,2764],{"class":91},[55,61582,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61584,3668],{"class":91},[55,61586,61587],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61588,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61590,61591,61593,61595,61597],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61592,106],{"class":105},[55,61594,109],{"class":91},[55,61596,112],{"class":95},[55,61598,342],{"class":91},[55,61600,61601],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61602,61603],{"class":118},"# None\n",[20,61605,61606],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[46,61608,61610],{"className":48,"code":61609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61611,61612,61628,61650,61654,61664],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61613,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622,61624,61626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61615,3395],{"class":61},[55,61617,66],{"class":65},[55,61619,3400],{"class":91},[55,61621,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61623,2764],{"class":91},[55,61625,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61627,3413],{"class":91},[55,61629,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61631,3395],{"class":61},[55,61633,66],{"class":65},[55,61635,4045],{"class":61},[55,61637,92],{"class":91},[55,61639,53247],{"class":95},[55,61641,2758],{"class":91},[55,61643,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61645,2764],{"class":91},[55,61647,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61649,3668],{"class":91},[55,61651,61652],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61653,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61655,61656,61658,61660,61662],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61657,106],{"class":105},[55,61659,109],{"class":91},[55,61661,3427],{"class":95},[55,61663,342],{"class":91},[55,61665,61666],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61667,61603],{"class":118},[20,61669,61670],{},"The correct way is:",[46,61672,61673],{"className":48,"code":61110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,61674,61675,61691,61709,61713,61723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61676,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685,61687,61689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61678,3395],{"class":61},[55,61680,66],{"class":65},[55,61682,3400],{"class":91},[55,61684,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61686,2764],{"class":91},[55,61688,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61690,3413],{"class":91},[55,61692,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703,61705,61707],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61694,3427],{"class":61},[55,61696,92],{"class":91},[55,61698,53247],{"class":95},[55,61700,2758],{"class":91},[55,61702,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61704,2764],{"class":91},[55,61706,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61708,3668],{"class":91},[55,61710,61711],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61712,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61714,61715,61717,61719,61721],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61716,106],{"class":105},[55,61718,109],{"class":91},[55,61720,3427],{"class":95},[55,61722,342],{"class":91},[55,61724,61725],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61726,52494],{"class":118},[20,61728,55680,61729,61731],{},[15,61730,53217],{}," first, then use the original list.",[131,61733,4301],{"id":4300},[20,61735,14513,61736,92],{},[15,61737,53217],{},[1003,61739,61741,61742,61744],{"id":61740},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61743,53217],{}," to return a new list",[46,61746,61748],{"className":48,"code":61747,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61749,61750,61766,61788,61792,61802],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61751,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61753,3395],{"class":61},[55,61755,66],{"class":65},[55,61757,3400],{"class":91},[55,61759,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61761,2764],{"class":91},[55,61763,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61765,3413],{"class":91},[55,61767,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61769,55413],{"class":61},[55,61771,66],{"class":65},[55,61773,4045],{"class":61},[55,61775,92],{"class":91},[55,61777,53247],{"class":95},[55,61779,2758],{"class":91},[55,61781,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61783,2764],{"class":91},[55,61785,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61787,3668],{"class":91},[55,61789,61790],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61791,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61793,61794,61796,61798,61800],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61795,106],{"class":105},[55,61797,109],{"class":91},[55,61799,55432],{"class":95},[55,61801,342],{"class":91},[55,61803,61804],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61805,61603],{"class":118},[20,61807,61808,61809,92],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61810,53217],{},[1003,61812,61814,61815,44401,61817,61819],{"id":61813},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61816,52423],{},[15,61818,53217],{}," is needed",[46,61821,61822],{"className":48,"code":61173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,61823,61824,61840,61858,61862,61872],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61825,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61827,3395],{"class":61},[55,61829,66],{"class":65},[55,61831,3400],{"class":91},[55,61833,2761],{"class":1210},[55,61835,2764],{"class":91},[55,61837,2767],{"class":1210},[55,61839,3413],{"class":91},[55,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61843,3427],{"class":61},[55,61845,92],{"class":91},[55,61847,13332],{"class":95},[55,61849,2758],{"class":91},[55,61851,1835],{"class":1210},[55,61853,2764],{"class":91},[55,61855,2229],{"class":1210},[55,61857,3668],{"class":91},[55,61859,61860],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61861,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61863,61864,61866,61868,61870],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61865,106],{"class":105},[55,61867,109],{"class":91},[55,61869,3427],{"class":95},[55,61871,342],{"class":91},[55,61873,61874],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61875,61228],{"class":118},[20,61877,61878,61879,53662,61881,6417],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61880,53661],{},[15,61882,53217],{},[1003,61884,61886],{"id":61885},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[46,61888,61890],{"className":48,"code":61889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61891,61892,61908,61926,61930,61940],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61893,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61895,3851],{"class":61},[55,61897,66],{"class":65},[55,61899,3400],{"class":91},[55,61901,228],{"class":69},[55,61903,3624],{"class":73},[55,61905,228],{"class":69},[55,61907,3413],{"class":91},[55,61909,61910,61912,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61911,3895],{"class":61},[55,61913,92],{"class":91},[55,61915,53247],{"class":95},[55,61917,109],{"class":91},[55,61919,228],{"class":69},[55,61921,60364],{"class":73},[55,61923,228],{"class":69},[55,61925,342],{"class":91},[55,61927,61928],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61929,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61931,61932,61934,61936,61938],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,61933,106],{"class":105},[55,61935,109],{"class":91},[55,61937,3895],{"class":95},[55,61939,342],{"class":91},[55,61941,61942],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,61943,61944],{"class":118},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61946,61947,61948,61951,61952,539],{},"If you want ",[15,61949,61950],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61953,52423],{},[46,61955,61957],{"className":48,"code":61956,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61958,61959,61975,61993,61997,62007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61960,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971,61973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61962,3851],{"class":61},[55,61964,66],{"class":65},[55,61966,3400],{"class":91},[55,61968,228],{"class":69},[55,61970,3624],{"class":73},[55,61972,228],{"class":69},[55,61974,3413],{"class":91},[55,61976,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,61978,3895],{"class":61},[55,61980,92],{"class":91},[55,61982,13332],{"class":95},[55,61984,109],{"class":91},[55,61986,228],{"class":69},[55,61988,60364],{"class":73},[55,61990,228],{"class":69},[55,61992,342],{"class":91},[55,61994,61995],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,61996,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,61998,61999,62001,62003,62005],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,62000,106],{"class":105},[55,62002,109],{"class":91},[55,62004,3895],{"class":95},[55,62006,342],{"class":91},[55,62008,62009],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,62010,62011],{"class":118},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1003,62013,62015],{"id":62014},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[46,62017,62019],{"className":48,"code":62018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62020,62021,62037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62022,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62024,3395],{"class":61},[55,62026,66],{"class":65},[55,62028,3400],{"class":91},[55,62030,2761],{"class":1210},[55,62032,2764],{"class":91},[55,62034,2767],{"class":1210},[55,62036,3413],{"class":91},[55,62038,62039,62041,62043,62045,62047,62049],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62040,3427],{"class":61},[55,62042,92],{"class":91},[55,62044,53247],{"class":95},[55,62046,109],{"class":91},[55,62048,1911],{"class":1210},[55,62050,342],{"class":91},[20,62052,39426,62053,6337],{},[15,62054,1911],{},[20,62056,62057,62058,62060,62061,62064],{},"You will get a ",[15,62059,2780],{},". See ",[166,62062,62063],{"href":52370},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62066,62067],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[46,62069,62071],{"className":48,"code":62070,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62072,62073,62083,62097,62109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62074,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62076,106],{"class":105},[55,62078,109],{"class":91},[55,62080,8121],{"class":95},[55,62082,342],{"class":91},[55,62084,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62086,106],{"class":105},[55,62088,109],{"class":91},[55,62090,1266],{"class":1265},[55,62092,109],{"class":91},[55,62094,5142],{"class":95},[55,62096,1273],{"class":91},[55,62098,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,62100,106],{"class":105},[55,62102,109],{"class":91},[55,62104,112],{"class":95},[55,62106,115],{"class":91},[55,62108,342],{"class":61},[55,62110,62111,62113,62115,62117,62119,62121],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,62112,31925],{"class":105},[55,62114,109],{"class":91},[55,62116,7877],{"class":1265},[55,62118,92],{"class":91},[55,62120,53247],{"class":1047},[55,62122,342],{"class":91},[43353,62124,62125],{},[20,62126,62127,62128,62131,62132,62134,62135,92],{},"Note: ",[15,62129,62130],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62133,115],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62136,32800],{},[20,62138,62139],{},"Correct debugging example:",[46,62141,62143],{"className":48,"code":62142,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62144,62145,62161,62177,62181,62195,62199,62207,62217,62231,62241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62146,62147,62149,62151,62153,62155,62157,62159],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62148,8090],{"class":61},[55,62150,66],{"class":65},[55,62152,3400],{"class":91},[55,62154,2761],{"class":1210},[55,62156,2764],{"class":91},[55,62158,2767],{"class":1210},[55,62160,3413],{"class":91},[55,62162,62163,62165,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62164,3601],{"class":61},[55,62166,66],{"class":65},[55,62168,3400],{"class":91},[55,62170,1835],{"class":1210},[55,62172,2764],{"class":91},[55,62174,2229],{"class":1210},[55,62176,3413],{"class":91},[55,62178,62179],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,62180,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,62182,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,62184,8121],{"class":61},[55,62186,92],{"class":91},[55,62188,53247],{"class":95},[55,62190,109],{"class":91},[55,62192,5142],{"class":95},[55,62194,342],{"class":91},[55,62196,62197],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,62198,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,62200,62201,62203,62205],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,62202,83],{"class":61},[55,62204,66],{"class":65},[55,62206,48298],{"class":3631},[55,62208,62209,62211,62213,62215],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,62210,106],{"class":105},[55,62212,109],{"class":91},[55,62214,8121],{"class":95},[55,62216,342],{"class":91},[55,62218,62219,62221,62223,62225,62227,62229],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,62220,106],{"class":105},[55,62222,109],{"class":91},[55,62224,1266],{"class":1265},[55,62226,109],{"class":91},[55,62228,5142],{"class":95},[55,62230,1273],{"class":91},[55,62232,62233,62235,62237,62239],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,62234,106],{"class":105},[55,62236,109],{"class":91},[55,62238,112],{"class":95},[55,62240,342],{"class":91},[55,62242,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253],{"class":57,"line":6222},[55,62244,31925],{"class":105},[55,62246,109],{"class":91},[55,62248,7877],{"class":1265},[55,62250,92],{"class":91},[55,62252,53247],{"class":1047},[55,62254,342],{"class":91},[131,62256,4744,62258],{"id":62257},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62259,53217],{},[20,62261,1866,62262,6104],{},[15,62263,53217],{},[30,62265,62266,62269,62272],{},[33,62267,62268],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62270,62271],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62273,62274],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62276,5256],{},[46,62278,62280],{"className":48,"code":62279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62281,62282,62299,62317,62321,62337,62341,62351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62283,62284,62287,62289,62291,62293,62295,62297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62285,62286],{"class":61},"all_scores ",[55,62288,66],{"class":65},[55,62290,3400],{"class":91},[55,62292,13281],{"class":1210},[55,62294,2764],{"class":91},[55,62296,13286],{"class":1210},[55,62298,3413],{"class":91},[55,62300,62301,62304,62306,62308,62310,62312,62315],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62302,62303],{"class":61},"new_scores ",[55,62305,66],{"class":65},[55,62307,3400],{"class":91},[55,62309,51275],{"class":1210},[55,62311,2764],{"class":91},[55,62313,62314],{"class":1210}," 92",[55,62316,3413],{"class":91},[55,62318,62319],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,62320,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,62322,62323,62326,62328,62330,62332,62335],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,62324,62325],{"class":61},"all_scores",[55,62327,92],{"class":91},[55,62329,53247],{"class":95},[55,62331,109],{"class":91},[55,62333,62334],{"class":95},"new_scores",[55,62336,342],{"class":91},[55,62338,62339],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,62340,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,62342,62343,62345,62347,62349],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,62344,106],{"class":105},[55,62346,109],{"class":91},[55,62348,62325],{"class":95},[55,62350,342],{"class":91},[55,62352,62353],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,62354,62355],{"class":118},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62357,62358,62359,62361,62362,92],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62360,52423],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[166,62363,55291,62364,1573],{"href":53679},[15,62365,54039],{},[131,62367,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,62369,1581,62371,55240],{"id":62370},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62372,53118],{},[20,62374,62375,62376,92],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62377,3556],{},[1003,62379,1626,62381,1377,62383,1631],{"id":62380},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62382,53217],{},[15,62384,52423],{},[20,62386,62387,62389,62390,62392],{},[15,62388,53217],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62391,52423],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1003,62394,1613,62396,62398],{"id":62395},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62397,53217],{}," with a string?",[20,62400,62401],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1003,62403,1613,62405,62407],{"id":62404},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62406,53217],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62409,62410],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1003,62412,62414,62415,1631],{"id":62413},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62416,53217],{},[20,62418,62419,62420,62422],{},"You get a ",[15,62421,2780],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[131,62424,1643],{"id":1642},[30,62426,62427,62433,62437,62441,62445,62451,62455],{},[33,62428,62429],{},[166,62430,55291,62431,1573],{"href":56540},[15,62432,52423],{},[33,62434,62435],{},[166,62436,54049],{"href":52819},[33,62438,62439],{},[166,62440,57000],{"href":56925},[33,62442,62443],{},[166,62444,52542],{"href":50749},[33,62446,62447],{},[166,62448,55291,62449,1573],{"href":53679},[15,62450,54039],{},[33,62452,62453],{},[166,62454,62063],{"href":52370},[33,62456,62457],{},[166,62458,55291,62459,1573],{"href":54731},[15,62460,12556],{},[20,62462,62463,62464,62466,62467,62469],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62465,52423],{},", when to use ",[15,62468,54039],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1696,62471,62472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":62474},[62475,62476,62478,62479,62480,62487,62494,62495,62503,62505,62517],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":60873,"depth":80,"text":62477},"What list.extend() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":60953,"depth":80,"text":60954},{"id":61090,"depth":80,"text":62481,"children":62482},"extend() vs append()",[62483,62485],{"id":61104,"depth":102,"text":62484},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61167,"depth":102,"text":62486},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61253,"depth":80,"text":62488,"children":62489},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62490,62491,62492,62493],{"id":61264,"depth":102,"text":61265},{"id":61328,"depth":102,"text":61329},{"id":61394,"depth":102,"text":61395},{"id":61468,"depth":102,"text":61469},{"id":61528,"depth":80,"text":61529},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":62496},[62497,62499,62501,62502],{"id":61740,"depth":102,"text":62498},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61813,"depth":102,"text":62500},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61885,"depth":102,"text":61886},{"id":62014,"depth":102,"text":62015},{"id":62257,"depth":80,"text":62504},"When to use extend()",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":62506},[62507,62509,62511,62513,62515],{"id":62370,"depth":102,"text":62508},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62380,"depth":102,"text":62510},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62395,"depth":102,"text":62512},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62404,"depth":102,"text":62514},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62413,"depth":102,"text":62516},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60777,"description":62518},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62525,"title":62526,"body":62527,"description":64618,"extension":1733,"meta":64619,"navigation":248,"path":64620,"seo":64621,"stem":64622,"__hash__":64623},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62528,"toc":64581},[62529,62532,62537,62543,62554,62560,62562,62631,62633,62682,62690,62694,62699,62702,62713,62718,62720,62722,62743,62756,62759,62772,62774,62779,62804,62806,62814,62817,62886,62888,62912,62918,62922,62926,62962,62964,62984,62991,62995,63028,63030,63064,63069,63073,63106,63108,63136,63144,63148,63185,63187,63208,63211,63215,63284,63286,63310,63316,63323,63327,63330,63332,63346,63349,63373,63375,63400,63403,63422,63424,63450,63459,63463,63470,63547,63549,63590,63596,63602,63693,63695,63751,63754,63759,63763,63768,63772,63831,63833,63858,63862,63925,63927,63952,63956,64019,64021,64064,64067,64071,64075,64097,64101,64183,64185,64220,64228,64230,64234,64238,64240,64267,64272,64274,64301,64308,64311,64334,64336,64385,64388,64391,64410,64414,64417,64468,64471,64477,64481,64486,64489,64491,64497,64506,64510,64516,64520,64523,64527,64530,64534,64540,64542,64578],[10,62530,62526],{"id":62531},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62533,8902,62534,62536],{},[15,62535,24555],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62538,62539,62540,62542],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62541,24555],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62544,62545,62548],{},[33,62546,62547],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62549,62550,62551,62553],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62552,59771],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62555,62556,62557,62559],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62558,24555],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[131,62561,1775],{"id":1774},[46,62563,62565],{"className":48,"code":62564,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62566,62567,62589,62607,62611,62621],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62568,62569,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579,62581,62583,62585,62587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62570,3395],{"class":61},[55,62572,66],{"class":65},[55,62574,22336],{"class":1265},[55,62576,5295],{"class":91},[55,62578,2761],{"class":1210},[55,62580,2764],{"class":91},[55,62582,2767],{"class":1210},[55,62584,2764],{"class":91},[55,62586,2223],{"class":1210},[55,62588,1273],{"class":91},[55,62590,62591,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62592,35860],{"class":61},[55,62594,66],{"class":65},[55,62596,22336],{"class":1265},[55,62598,109],{"class":91},[55,62600,228],{"class":69},[55,62602,41334],{"class":73},[55,62604,228],{"class":69},[55,62606,342],{"class":91},[55,62608,62609],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,62610,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,62612,62613,62615,62617,62619],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,62614,106],{"class":105},[55,62616,109],{"class":91},[55,62618,3427],{"class":95},[55,62620,342],{"class":91},[55,62622,62623,62625,62627,62629],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,62624,106],{"class":105},[55,62626,109],{"class":91},[55,62628,35913],{"class":95},[55,62630,342],{"class":91},[20,62632,357],{},[46,62634,62636],{"className":48,"code":62635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62637,62638,62654],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62639,62640,62642,62644,62646,62648,62650,62652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62641,3680],{"class":91},[55,62643,2761],{"class":1210},[55,62645,2764],{"class":91},[55,62647,2767],{"class":1210},[55,62649,2764],{"class":91},[55,62651,2223],{"class":1210},[55,62653,3413],{"class":91},[55,62655,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664,62666,62668,62670,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62657,3680],{"class":91},[55,62659,3077],{"class":69},[55,62661,166],{"class":73},[55,62663,3077],{"class":69},[55,62665,2764],{"class":91},[55,62667,3072],{"class":69},[55,62669,4543],{"class":73},[55,62671,3077],{"class":69},[55,62673,2764],{"class":91},[55,62675,3072],{"class":69},[55,62677,9520],{"class":73},[55,62679,3077],{"class":69},[55,62681,3413],{"class":91},[20,62683,1866,62684,62686,62687,62689],{},[15,62685,24555],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62688,59771],{},", set, or dictionary.",[131,62691,62693],{"id":62692},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62695,62696,62698],{},[15,62697,24555],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62700,62701],{},"It can:",[30,62703,62704,62707,62710],{},[33,62705,62706],{},"create a new list object",[33,62708,62709],{},"make an empty list",[33,62711,62712],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62714,62715,62716,92],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[166,62717,52542],{"href":50749},[131,62719,178],{"id":177},[20,62721,26260],{},[46,62723,62725],{"className":48,"code":62724,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62726,62727,62733],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62728,62729,62731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62730,7877],{"class":1265},[55,62732,99],{"class":91},[55,62734,62735,62737,62739,62741],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62736,7877],{"class":1265},[55,62738,109],{"class":91},[55,62740,3498],{"class":95},[55,62742,342],{"class":91},[30,62744,62745,62750],{},[33,62746,62747,62749],{},[15,62748,24555],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62751,62752,62755],{},[15,62753,62754],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62757,62758],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62760,62761,62763,62765,62767,62770],{},[33,62762,5092],{},[33,62764,5086],{},[33,62766,5089],{},[33,62768,62769],{},"ranges",[33,62771,7036],{},[131,62773,59393],{"id":59392},[20,62775,1866,62776,62778],{},[15,62777,24555],{}," with no arguments:",[46,62780,62782],{"className":48,"code":62781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62783,62784,62794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62785,62786,62788,62790,62792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62787,7563],{"class":61},[55,62789,66],{"class":65},[55,62791,22336],{"class":1265},[55,62793,99],{"class":91},[55,62795,62796,62798,62800,62802],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62797,106],{"class":105},[55,62799,109],{"class":91},[55,62801,7594],{"class":95},[55,62803,342],{"class":91},[20,62805,357],{},[46,62807,62808],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,62809,62810],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62811,62812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62813,38069],{"class":91},[20,62815,62816],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[46,62818,62820],{"className":48,"code":62819,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62821,62822,62832,62836,62854,62872,62876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62823,62824,62826,62828,62830],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62825,7563],{"class":61},[55,62827,66],{"class":65},[55,62829,22336],{"class":1265},[55,62831,99],{"class":91},[55,62833,62834],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62835,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,62837,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850,62852],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,62839,7594],{"class":61},[55,62841,92],{"class":91},[55,62843,13332],{"class":95},[55,62845,109],{"class":91},[55,62847,228],{"class":69},[55,62849,3860],{"class":73},[55,62851,228],{"class":69},[55,62853,342],{"class":91},[55,62855,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864,62866,62868,62870],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,62857,7594],{"class":61},[55,62859,92],{"class":91},[55,62861,13332],{"class":95},[55,62863,109],{"class":91},[55,62865,228],{"class":69},[55,62867,3869],{"class":73},[55,62869,228],{"class":69},[55,62871,342],{"class":91},[55,62873,62874],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,62875,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,62877,62878,62880,62882,62884],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,62879,106],{"class":105},[55,62881,109],{"class":91},[55,62883,7594],{"class":95},[55,62885,342],{"class":91},[20,62887,357],{},[46,62889,62890],{"className":48,"code":38195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,62891,62892],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62893,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62906,62908,62910],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62895,3680],{"class":91},[55,62897,3077],{"class":69},[55,62899,3860],{"class":73},[55,62901,3077],{"class":69},[55,62903,2764],{"class":91},[55,62905,3072],{"class":69},[55,62907,3869],{"class":73},[55,62909,3077],{"class":69},[55,62911,3413],{"class":91},[20,62913,62914,62915,62917],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62916,3565],{},". Both are valid.",[131,62919,62921],{"id":62920},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1003,62923,62925],{"id":62924},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[46,62927,62928],{"className":48,"code":59691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,62929,62930,62952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62931,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62933,3395],{"class":61},[55,62935,66],{"class":65},[55,62937,22336],{"class":1265},[55,62939,5295],{"class":91},[55,62941,2761],{"class":1210},[55,62943,2764],{"class":91},[55,62945,2767],{"class":1210},[55,62947,2764],{"class":91},[55,62949,2223],{"class":1210},[55,62951,1273],{"class":91},[55,62953,62954,62956,62958,62960],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,62955,106],{"class":105},[55,62957,109],{"class":91},[55,62959,3427],{"class":95},[55,62961,342],{"class":91},[20,62963,357],{},[46,62965,62966],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,62967,62968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62969,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62971,3680],{"class":91},[55,62973,2761],{"class":1210},[55,62975,2764],{"class":91},[55,62977,2767],{"class":1210},[55,62979,2764],{"class":91},[55,62981,2223],{"class":1210},[55,62983,3413],{"class":91},[20,62985,62986,62987,92],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[166,62988,62990],{"href":62989},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1003,62992,62994],{"id":62993},"string-to-list","String to list",[46,62996,62998],{"className":48,"code":62997,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62999,63000,63018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63001,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63003,35860],{"class":61},[55,63005,66],{"class":65},[55,63007,22336],{"class":1265},[55,63009,109],{"class":91},[55,63011,228],{"class":69},[55,63013,36818],{"class":73},[55,63015,228],{"class":69},[55,63017,342],{"class":91},[55,63019,63020,63022,63024,63026],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63021,106],{"class":105},[55,63023,109],{"class":91},[55,63025,35913],{"class":95},[55,63027,342],{"class":91},[20,63029,357],{},[46,63031,63033],{"className":48,"code":63032,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63034,63035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63036,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63060,63062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63038,3680],{"class":91},[55,63040,3077],{"class":69},[55,63042,9520],{"class":73},[55,63044,3077],{"class":69},[55,63046,2764],{"class":91},[55,63048,3072],{"class":69},[55,63050,166],{"class":73},[55,63052,3077],{"class":69},[55,63054,2764],{"class":91},[55,63056,3072],{"class":69},[55,63058,63059],{"class":73},"t",[55,63061,3077],{"class":69},[55,63063,3413],{"class":91},[20,63065,63066,63068],{},[15,63067,24555],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1003,63070,63072],{"id":63071},"range-to-list","Range to list",[46,63074,63076],{"className":48,"code":63075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63077,63078,63096],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63079,63080,63082,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63081,3395],{"class":61},[55,63083,66],{"class":65},[55,63085,22336],{"class":1265},[55,63087,109],{"class":91},[55,63089,59771],{"class":105},[55,63091,109],{"class":91},[55,63093,1911],{"class":1210},[55,63095,1273],{"class":91},[55,63097,63098,63100,63102,63104],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63099,106],{"class":105},[55,63101,109],{"class":91},[55,63103,3427],{"class":95},[55,63105,342],{"class":91},[20,63107,357],{},[46,63109,63110],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63111,63112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63113,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63115,3680],{"class":91},[55,63117,1894],{"class":1210},[55,63119,2764],{"class":91},[55,63121,5282],{"class":1210},[55,63123,2764],{"class":91},[55,63125,2767],{"class":1210},[55,63127,2764],{"class":91},[55,63129,2223],{"class":1210},[55,63131,2764],{"class":91},[55,63133,2229],{"class":1210},[55,63135,3413],{"class":91},[20,63137,63138,63139,63143],{},"This is common when working with ",[166,63140,63141],{"href":35965},[15,63142,35968],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1003,63145,63147],{"id":63146},"set-to-list","Set to list",[46,63149,63151],{"className":48,"code":63150,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63152,63153,63175],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63154,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63156,3601],{"class":61},[55,63158,66],{"class":65},[55,63160,22336],{"class":1265},[55,63162,5314],{"class":91},[55,63164,2101],{"class":1210},[55,63166,2764],{"class":91},[55,63168,7574],{"class":1210},[55,63170,2764],{"class":91},[55,63172,7579],{"class":1210},[55,63174,30268],{"class":91},[55,63176,63177,63179,63181,63183],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63178,106],{"class":105},[55,63180,109],{"class":91},[55,63182,5142],{"class":95},[55,63184,342],{"class":91},[20,63186,16736],{},[46,63188,63190],{"className":48,"code":63189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63191,63192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63193,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63195,3680],{"class":91},[55,63197,2101],{"class":1210},[55,63199,2764],{"class":91},[55,63201,7574],{"class":1210},[55,63203,2764],{"class":91},[55,63205,7579],{"class":1210},[55,63207,3413],{"class":91},[20,63209,63210],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1003,63212,63214],{"id":63213},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[46,63216,63218],{"className":48,"code":63217,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63219,63220,63256,63270,63274],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63221,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63223,12983],{"class":61},[55,63225,66],{"class":65},[55,63227,10272],{"class":91},[55,63229,228],{"class":69},[55,63231,273],{"class":73},[55,63233,228],{"class":69},[55,63235,539],{"class":91},[55,63237,70],{"class":69},[55,63239,12660],{"class":73},[55,63241,228],{"class":69},[55,63243,2764],{"class":91},[55,63245,70],{"class":69},[55,63247,9079],{"class":73},[55,63249,228],{"class":69},[55,63251,539],{"class":91},[55,63253,9086],{"class":1210},[55,63255,9089],{"class":91},[55,63257,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266,63268],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63259,83],{"class":61},[55,63261,66],{"class":65},[55,63263,22336],{"class":1265},[55,63265,109],{"class":91},[55,63267,17085],{"class":95},[55,63269,342],{"class":91},[55,63271,63272],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,63273,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,63275,63276,63278,63280,63282],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,63277,106],{"class":105},[55,63279,109],{"class":91},[55,63281,112],{"class":95},[55,63283,342],{"class":91},[20,63285,357],{},[46,63287,63288],{"className":48,"code":25255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63289,63290],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63291,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63293,3680],{"class":91},[55,63295,3077],{"class":69},[55,63297,273],{"class":73},[55,63299,3077],{"class":69},[55,63301,2764],{"class":91},[55,63303,3072],{"class":69},[55,63305,9079],{"class":73},[55,63307,3077],{"class":69},[55,63309,3413],{"class":91},[20,63311,63312,63313,63315],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63314,24555],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63317,63318,63319,92],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[166,63320,63322],{"href":63321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[131,63324,63326],{"id":63325},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63328,63329],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63331,60928],{},[30,63333,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344],{},[33,63335,5083],{},[33,63337,5086],{},[33,63339,5092],{},[33,63341,5089],{},[33,63343,62769],{},[33,63345,7036],{},[20,63347,63348],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[46,63350,63352],{"className":48,"code":63351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63353,63354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63355,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63369,63371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63357,106],{"class":105},[55,63359,109],{"class":91},[55,63361,7877],{"class":1265},[55,63363,109],{"class":91},[55,63365,228],{"class":69},[55,63367,63368],{"class":73},"hi",[55,63370,228],{"class":69},[55,63372,1273],{"class":91},[20,63374,357],{},[46,63376,63378],{"className":48,"code":63377,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63379,63380],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63381,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63383,3680],{"class":91},[55,63385,3077],{"class":69},[55,63387,60211],{"class":73},[55,63389,3077],{"class":69},[55,63391,2764],{"class":91},[55,63393,3072],{"class":69},[55,63395,35924],{"class":73},[55,63397,3077],{"class":69},[55,63399,3413],{"class":91},[20,63401,63402],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[46,63404,63406],{"className":48,"code":63405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63407,63408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63409,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63411,106],{"class":105},[55,63413,109],{"class":91},[55,63415,7877],{"class":1265},[55,63417,109],{"class":91},[55,63419,1911],{"class":1210},[55,63421,1273],{"class":91},[20,63423,357],{},[46,63425,63427],{"className":48,"code":63426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63428,63429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63430,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63432,2780],{"class":1265},[55,63434,539],{"class":91},[55,63436,3072],{"class":69},[55,63438,1962],{"class":73},[55,63440,3077],{"class":69},[55,63442,24392],{"class":1265},[55,63444,7880],{"class":65},[55,63446,7883],{"class":65},[55,63448,63449],{"class":61}," iterable\n",[20,63451,63452,63453,63455,63456,92],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[166,63454,4920],{"href":5371},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[166,63457,63458],{"href":52370},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[131,63460,63462],{"id":63461},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63464,63465,63466,63469],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63467,63468],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[46,63471,63473],{"className":48,"code":63472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63474,63475,63495,63509,63513,63523,63533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63476,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63478,11866],{"class":61},[55,63480,66],{"class":65},[55,63482,3400],{"class":91},[55,63484,2761],{"class":1210},[55,63486,2764],{"class":91},[55,63488,2767],{"class":1210},[55,63490,2764],{"class":91},[55,63492,2223],{"class":1210},[55,63494,3413],{"class":91},[55,63496,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63498,14091],{"class":61},[55,63500,66],{"class":65},[55,63502,22336],{"class":1265},[55,63504,109],{"class":91},[55,63506,11913],{"class":95},[55,63508,342],{"class":91},[55,63510,63511],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,63512,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,63514,63515,63517,63519,63521],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,63516,106],{"class":105},[55,63518,109],{"class":91},[55,63520,11913],{"class":95},[55,63522,342],{"class":91},[55,63524,63525,63527,63529,63531],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,63526,106],{"class":105},[55,63528,109],{"class":91},[55,63530,14110],{"class":95},[55,63532,342],{"class":91},[55,63534,63535,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,63536,106],{"class":105},[55,63538,109],{"class":91},[55,63540,11866],{"class":95},[55,63542,11974],{"class":487},[55,63544,14164],{"class":95},[55,63546,342],{"class":91},[20,63548,357],{},[46,63550,63552],{"className":48,"code":63551,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63553,63554,63570,63586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63555,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63557,3680],{"class":91},[55,63559,2761],{"class":1210},[55,63561,2764],{"class":91},[55,63563,2767],{"class":1210},[55,63565,2764],{"class":91},[55,63567,2223],{"class":1210},[55,63569,3413],{"class":91},[55,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63573,3680],{"class":91},[55,63575,2761],{"class":1210},[55,63577,2764],{"class":91},[55,63579,2767],{"class":1210},[55,63581,2764],{"class":91},[55,63583,2223],{"class":1210},[55,63585,3413],{"class":91},[55,63587,63588],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,63589,3821],{"class":3631},[20,63591,63592,63593,63595],{},"This means ",[15,63594,14110],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63597,63598,63599,63601],{},"However, this is only a ",[123,63600,12630],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[46,63603,63605],{"className":48,"code":63604,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63606,63607,63633,63647,63651,63669,63673,63683],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63608,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63610,11866],{"class":61},[55,63612,66],{"class":65},[55,63614,56065],{"class":91},[55,63616,2761],{"class":1210},[55,63618,2764],{"class":91},[55,63620,2767],{"class":1210},[55,63622,17839],{"class":91},[55,63624,3400],{"class":91},[55,63626,1835],{"class":1210},[55,63628,2764],{"class":91},[55,63630,2229],{"class":1210},[55,63632,53013],{"class":91},[55,63634,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63636,14091],{"class":61},[55,63638,66],{"class":65},[55,63640,22336],{"class":1265},[55,63642,109],{"class":91},[55,63644,11913],{"class":95},[55,63646,342],{"class":91},[55,63648,63649],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,63650,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,63652,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,63654,14110],{"class":61},[55,63656,3680],{"class":91},[55,63658,1894],{"class":1210},[55,63660,13329],{"class":91},[55,63662,13332],{"class":95},[55,63664,109],{"class":91},[55,63666,56118],{"class":1210},[55,63668,342],{"class":91},[55,63670,63671],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,63672,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,63674,63675,63677,63679,63681],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,63676,106],{"class":105},[55,63678,109],{"class":91},[55,63680,11913],{"class":95},[55,63682,342],{"class":91},[55,63684,63685,63687,63689,63691],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,63686,106],{"class":105},[55,63688,109],{"class":91},[55,63690,14110],{"class":95},[55,63692,342],{"class":91},[20,63694,357],{},[46,63696,63697],{"className":48,"code":56149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,63698,63699,63725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63700,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63702,56156],{"class":91},[55,63704,2761],{"class":1210},[55,63706,2764],{"class":91},[55,63708,2767],{"class":1210},[55,63710,2764],{"class":91},[55,63712,9978],{"class":1210},[55,63714,17839],{"class":91},[55,63716,3400],{"class":91},[55,63718,1835],{"class":1210},[55,63720,2764],{"class":91},[55,63722,2229],{"class":1210},[55,63724,53013],{"class":91},[55,63726,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63728,56156],{"class":91},[55,63730,2761],{"class":1210},[55,63732,2764],{"class":91},[55,63734,2767],{"class":1210},[55,63736,2764],{"class":91},[55,63738,9978],{"class":1210},[55,63740,17839],{"class":91},[55,63742,3400],{"class":91},[55,63744,1835],{"class":1210},[55,63746,2764],{"class":91},[55,63748,2229],{"class":1210},[55,63750,53013],{"class":91},[20,63752,63753],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63755,63756,63757,92],{},"For more on this, see ",[166,63758,13570],{"href":13569},[131,63760,63762],{"id":63761},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63764,63765,63766,92],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63767,24555],{},[1003,63769,63771],{"id":63770},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[46,63773,63775],{"className":48,"code":63774,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63776,63777,63817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63778,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63780,12643],{"class":61},[55,63782,66],{"class":65},[55,63784,10272],{"class":91},[55,63786,228],{"class":69},[55,63788,273],{"class":73},[55,63790,228],{"class":69},[55,63792,539],{"class":91},[55,63794,70],{"class":69},[55,63796,7705],{"class":73},[55,63798,228],{"class":69},[55,63800,2764],{"class":91},[55,63802,70],{"class":69},[55,63804,19669],{"class":73},[55,63806,228],{"class":69},[55,63808,539],{"class":91},[55,63810,70],{"class":69},[55,63812,22021],{"class":73},[55,63814,228],{"class":69},[55,63816,9089],{"class":91},[55,63818,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63820,106],{"class":105},[55,63822,109],{"class":91},[55,63824,7877],{"class":1265},[55,63826,109],{"class":91},[55,63828,13405],{"class":95},[55,63830,1273],{"class":91},[20,63832,357],{},[46,63834,63836],{"className":48,"code":63835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63837,63838],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63841,3680],{"class":91},[55,63843,3077],{"class":69},[55,63845,273],{"class":73},[55,63847,3077],{"class":69},[55,63849,2764],{"class":91},[55,63851,3072],{"class":69},[55,63853,19669],{"class":73},[55,63855,3077],{"class":69},[55,63857,3413],{"class":91},[1003,63859,63861],{"id":63860},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[46,63863,63865],{"className":48,"code":63864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63866,63867,63907],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63868,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63870,12643],{"class":61},[55,63872,66],{"class":65},[55,63874,10272],{"class":91},[55,63876,228],{"class":69},[55,63878,273],{"class":73},[55,63880,228],{"class":69},[55,63882,539],{"class":91},[55,63884,70],{"class":69},[55,63886,7705],{"class":73},[55,63888,228],{"class":69},[55,63890,2764],{"class":91},[55,63892,70],{"class":69},[55,63894,19669],{"class":73},[55,63896,228],{"class":69},[55,63898,539],{"class":91},[55,63900,70],{"class":69},[55,63902,22021],{"class":73},[55,63904,228],{"class":69},[55,63906,9089],{"class":91},[55,63908,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,63910,106],{"class":105},[55,63912,109],{"class":91},[55,63914,7877],{"class":1265},[55,63916,109],{"class":91},[55,63918,13405],{"class":95},[55,63920,92],{"class":91},[55,63922,5142],{"class":95},[55,63924,6076],{"class":91},[20,63926,357],{},[46,63928,63930],{"className":48,"code":63929,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63931,63932],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63933,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63935,3680],{"class":91},[55,63937,3077],{"class":69},[55,63939,7705],{"class":73},[55,63941,3077],{"class":69},[55,63943,2764],{"class":91},[55,63945,3072],{"class":69},[55,63947,22021],{"class":73},[55,63949,3077],{"class":69},[55,63951,3413],{"class":91},[1003,63953,63955],{"id":63954},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[46,63957,63959],{"className":48,"code":63958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63960,63961,64001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63962,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63964,12643],{"class":61},[55,63966,66],{"class":65},[55,63968,10272],{"class":91},[55,63970,228],{"class":69},[55,63972,273],{"class":73},[55,63974,228],{"class":69},[55,63976,539],{"class":91},[55,63978,70],{"class":69},[55,63980,7705],{"class":73},[55,63982,228],{"class":69},[55,63984,2764],{"class":91},[55,63986,70],{"class":69},[55,63988,19669],{"class":73},[55,63990,228],{"class":69},[55,63992,539],{"class":91},[55,63994,70],{"class":69},[55,63996,22021],{"class":73},[55,63998,228],{"class":69},[55,64000,9089],{"class":91},[55,64002,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,64004,106],{"class":105},[55,64006,109],{"class":91},[55,64008,7877],{"class":1265},[55,64010,109],{"class":91},[55,64012,13405],{"class":95},[55,64014,92],{"class":91},[55,64016,7594],{"class":95},[55,64018,6076],{"class":91},[20,64020,357],{},[46,64022,64024],{"className":48,"code":64023,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64025,64026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64027,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64029,21517],{"class":91},[55,64031,3077],{"class":69},[55,64033,273],{"class":73},[55,64035,3077],{"class":69},[55,64037,2764],{"class":91},[55,64039,3072],{"class":69},[55,64041,7705],{"class":73},[55,64043,3077],{"class":69},[55,64045,9013],{"class":91},[55,64047,9016],{"class":91},[55,64049,3077],{"class":69},[55,64051,19669],{"class":73},[55,64053,3077],{"class":69},[55,64055,2764],{"class":91},[55,64057,3072],{"class":69},[55,64059,22021],{"class":73},[55,64061,3077],{"class":69},[55,64063,9029],{"class":91},[20,64065,64066],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[131,64068,64070],{"id":64069},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64072,1866,64073,10382],{},[15,64074,24555],{},[30,64076,64077,64085,64094],{},[33,64078,64079,64080,2651,64082],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64081,52423],{},[15,64083,64084],{},"sort()",[33,64086,64087,64088,2651,64090,64093],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64089,35968],{},[15,64091,64092],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,64095,64096],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64098,45810,64099,539],{},[15,64100,64092],{},[46,64102,64104],{"className":48,"code":64103,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64105,64106,64130,64146,64150,64173],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64107,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64109,4778],{"class":61},[55,64111,66],{"class":65},[55,64113,3400],{"class":91},[55,64115,228],{"class":69},[55,64117,12660],{"class":73},[55,64119,228],{"class":69},[55,64121,2764],{"class":91},[55,64123,70],{"class":69},[55,64125,35711],{"class":73},[55,64127,228],{"class":69},[55,64129,3413],{"class":91},[55,64131,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,64133,4847],{"class":61},[55,64135,66],{"class":65},[55,64137,3400],{"class":91},[55,64139,13281],{"class":1210},[55,64141,2764],{"class":91},[55,64143,13286],{"class":1210},[55,64145,3413],{"class":91},[55,64147,64148],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,64149,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,64151,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,64153,8995],{"class":61},[55,64155,66],{"class":65},[55,64157,22336],{"class":1265},[55,64159,109],{"class":91},[55,64161,64162],{"class":105},"zip",[55,64164,109],{"class":91},[55,64166,4822],{"class":95},[55,64168,2764],{"class":91},[55,64170,4894],{"class":95},[55,64172,1273],{"class":91},[55,64174,64175,64177,64179,64181],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,64176,106],{"class":105},[55,64178,109],{"class":91},[55,64180,9042],{"class":95},[55,64182,342],{"class":91},[20,64184,357],{},[46,64186,64188],{"className":48,"code":64187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64189,64190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64191,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64193,21517],{"class":91},[55,64195,3077],{"class":69},[55,64197,12660],{"class":73},[55,64199,3077],{"class":69},[55,64201,2764],{"class":91},[55,64203,19676],{"class":1210},[55,64205,9013],{"class":91},[55,64207,9016],{"class":91},[55,64209,3077],{"class":69},[55,64211,35711],{"class":73},[55,64213,3077],{"class":69},[55,64215,2764],{"class":91},[55,64217,13286],{"class":1210},[55,64219,9029],{"class":91},[20,64221,64222,64223,64225,64226,92],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64224,52423],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[166,64227,52820],{"href":52819},[131,64229,4301],{"id":4300},[20,64231,56547,64232,92],{},[15,64233,24555],{},[1003,64235,64237],{"id":64236},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64239,4308],{},[46,64241,64243],{"className":48,"code":64242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64244,64245,64249],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64246,64247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64248,4318],{"class":118},[55,64250,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,64252,7877],{"class":1265},[55,64254,109],{"class":91},[55,64256,2761],{"class":1210},[55,64258,2764],{"class":91},[55,64260,2767],{"class":1210},[55,64262,2764],{"class":91},[55,64264,2223],{"class":1210},[55,64266,342],{"class":91},[20,64268,64269,64271],{},[15,64270,24555],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64273,18472],{},[46,64275,64277],{"className":48,"code":64276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64278,64279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64280,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64282,106],{"class":105},[55,64284,109],{"class":91},[55,64286,7877],{"class":1265},[55,64288,5295],{"class":91},[55,64290,2761],{"class":1210},[55,64292,2764],{"class":91},[55,64294,2767],{"class":1210},[55,64296,2764],{"class":91},[55,64298,2223],{"class":1210},[55,64300,2685],{"class":91},[1003,64302,64304,64305],{"id":64303},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[55,64306,64307],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64309,64310],{},"This is a common surprise:",[46,64312,64314],{"className":48,"code":64313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64315,64316],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64317,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64319,106],{"class":105},[55,64321,109],{"class":91},[55,64323,7877],{"class":1265},[55,64325,109],{"class":91},[55,64327,228],{"class":69},[55,64329,3624],{"class":73},[55,64331,228],{"class":69},[55,64333,1273],{"class":91},[20,64335,357],{},[46,64337,64339],{"className":48,"code":64338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64340,64341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64342,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64344,3680],{"class":91},[55,64346,3077],{"class":69},[55,64348,60211],{"class":73},[55,64350,3077],{"class":69},[55,64352,2764],{"class":91},[55,64354,3072],{"class":69},[55,64356,60220],{"class":73},[55,64358,3077],{"class":69},[55,64360,2764],{"class":91},[55,64362,3072],{"class":69},[55,64364,60229],{"class":73},[55,64366,3077],{"class":69},[55,64368,2764],{"class":91},[55,64370,3072],{"class":69},[55,64372,60229],{"class":73},[55,64374,3077],{"class":69},[55,64376,2764],{"class":91},[55,64378,3072],{"class":69},[55,64380,60246],{"class":73},[55,64382,3077],{"class":69},[55,64384,3413],{"class":91},[20,64386,64387],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64389,64390],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[46,64392,64394],{"className":48,"code":64393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64395,64396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64397,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64399,106],{"class":105},[55,64401,2758],{"class":91},[55,64403,228],{"class":69},[55,64405,3624],{"class":73},[55,64407,228],{"class":69},[55,64409,3668],{"class":91},[1003,64411,64413],{"id":64412},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64415,64416],{},"This:",[46,64418,64420],{"className":48,"code":64419,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64421,64422,64454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64423,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64425,8945],{"class":61},[55,64427,66],{"class":65},[55,64429,10272],{"class":91},[55,64431,228],{"class":69},[55,64433,166],{"class":73},[55,64435,228],{"class":69},[55,64437,539],{"class":91},[55,64439,5282],{"class":1210},[55,64441,2764],{"class":91},[55,64443,70],{"class":69},[55,64445,4543],{"class":73},[55,64447,228],{"class":69},[55,64449,539],{"class":91},[55,64451,2767],{"class":1210},[55,64453,9089],{"class":91},[55,64455,64456,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,64457,106],{"class":105},[55,64459,109],{"class":91},[55,64461,7877],{"class":1265},[55,64463,109],{"class":91},[55,64465,8984],{"class":95},[55,64467,1273],{"class":91},[20,64469,64470],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64472,1866,64473,64476],{},[15,64474,64475],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1003,64478,64480],{"id":64479},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64482,64483,64485],{},[15,64484,24555],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64487,64488],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[131,64490,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,64492,1626,64494,64496],{"id":64493},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[55,64495],{}," and list()?",[20,64498,64499,64500,64502,64503,64505],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64501,3565],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64504,24555],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1003,64507,64509],{"id":64508},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64511,64512,64513,64515],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64514,24555],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1003,64517,64519],{"id":64518},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64521,64522],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1003,64524,64526],{"id":64525},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64528,64529],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1003,64531,64533],{"id":64532},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64535,64536,64537,64539],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64538,24555],{}," cannot loop through it.",[131,64541,1643],{"id":1642},[30,64543,64544,64548,64553,64557,64561,64565,64569,64574],{},[33,64545,64546],{},[166,64547,52542],{"href":50749},[33,64549,64550],{},[166,64551,64552],{"href":35965},"Python range() function explained",[33,64554,64555],{},[166,64556,62990],{"href":62989},[33,64558,64559],{},[166,64560,63322],{"href":63321},[33,64562,64563],{},[166,64564,4999],{"href":5371},[33,64566,64567],{},[166,64568,13570],{"href":13569},[33,64570,64571],{},[166,64572,64573],{"href":52370},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64575,64576],{},[166,64577,54049],{"href":52819},[1696,64579,64580],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":64582},[64583,64584,64585,64586,64587,64594,64595,64596,64601,64602,64609,64617],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":62692,"depth":80,"text":62693},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":59392,"depth":80,"text":59393},{"id":62920,"depth":80,"text":62921,"children":64588},[64589,64590,64591,64592,64593],{"id":62924,"depth":102,"text":62925},{"id":62993,"depth":102,"text":62994},{"id":63071,"depth":102,"text":63072},{"id":63146,"depth":102,"text":63147},{"id":63213,"depth":102,"text":63214},{"id":63325,"depth":80,"text":63326},{"id":63461,"depth":80,"text":63462},{"id":63761,"depth":80,"text":63762,"children":64597},[64598,64599,64600],{"id":63770,"depth":102,"text":63771},{"id":63860,"depth":102,"text":63861},{"id":63954,"depth":102,"text":63955},{"id":64069,"depth":80,"text":64070},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":64603},[64604,64605,64607,64608],{"id":64236,"depth":102,"text":64237},{"id":64303,"depth":102,"text":64606},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64412,"depth":102,"text":64413},{"id":64479,"depth":102,"text":64480},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":64610},[64611,64613,64614,64615,64616],{"id":64493,"depth":102,"text":64612},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64508,"depth":102,"text":64509},{"id":64518,"depth":102,"text":64519},{"id":64525,"depth":102,"text":64526},{"id":64532,"depth":102,"text":64533},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62526,"description":64618},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64625,"title":64626,"body":64627,"description":65978,"extension":1733,"meta":65979,"navigation":248,"path":65980,"seo":65981,"stem":65982,"__hash__":65983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64628,"toc":65952},[64629,64634,64640,64649,64651,64724,64733,64738,64742,64758,64762,64764,64766,64785,64788,64816,64819,64844,64852,64854,64859,64866,64868,64925,64927,64935,64941,64945,64948,65021,65023,65031,65034,65057,65064,65070,65074,65080,65151,65153,65161,65170,65177,65184,65192,65336,65338,65355,65358,65397,65400,65404,65409,65411,65470,65476,65479,65586,65588,65603,65606,65613,65615,65619,65767,65770,65831,65834,65837,65858,65863,65867,65878,65881,65883,65888,65891,65899,65904,65910,65913,65919,65927,65929,65949],[10,64630,54113,64632,18],{"id":64631},"python-list-index-method",[15,64633,58740],{},[20,64635,64636,64639],{},[15,64637,64638],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64641,64642,64643,64646,64647,92],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[123,64644,64645],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64648,40477],{},[131,64650,3385],{"id":3384},[46,64652,64654],{"className":48,"code":64653,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64655,64656,64688,64711],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64657,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64659,7563],{"class":61},[55,64661,66],{"class":65},[55,64663,3400],{"class":91},[55,64665,228],{"class":69},[55,64667,3860],{"class":73},[55,64669,228],{"class":69},[55,64671,2764],{"class":91},[55,64673,70],{"class":69},[55,64675,3869],{"class":73},[55,64677,228],{"class":69},[55,64679,2764],{"class":91},[55,64681,70],{"class":69},[55,64683,3878],{"class":73},[55,64685,228],{"class":69},[55,64687,3413],{"class":91},[55,64689,64690,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,64691,64692],{"class":61},"position ",[55,64694,66],{"class":65},[55,64696,5751],{"class":61},[55,64698,92],{"class":91},[55,64700,35617],{"class":95},[55,64702,109],{"class":91},[55,64704,228],{"class":69},[55,64706,3869],{"class":73},[55,64708,228],{"class":69},[55,64710,342],{"class":91},[55,64712,64713,64715,64717,64720,64722],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,64714,106],{"class":105},[55,64716,109],{"class":91},[55,64718,64719],{"class":95},"position",[55,64721,115],{"class":91},[55,64723,27552],{"class":118},[20,64725,1866,64726,64729,64730,64732],{},[15,64727,64728],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64731,40477],{}," if the item is not found.",[131,64734,134,64736,137],{"id":64735},"what-listindex-does",[15,64737,64638],{},[20,64739,64740,539],{},[15,64741,64638],{},[30,64743,64744,64747,64750,64755],{},[33,64745,64746],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64748,64749],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64751,64752,64753],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64754,1894],{},[33,64756,64757],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64759,54338,64760,92],{},[166,64761,52542],{"href":54341},[131,64763,178],{"id":177},[20,64765,30497],{},[46,64767,64769],{"className":48,"code":64768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64770,64771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64772,64773,64775,64777,64779,64781,64783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64774,8121],{"class":61},[55,64776,92],{"class":91},[55,64778,35617],{"class":95},[55,64780,109],{"class":91},[55,64782,2245],{"class":95},[55,64784,342],{"class":91},[20,64786,64787],{},"You can also limit the search:",[46,64789,64791],{"className":48,"code":64790,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64792,64793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64794,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64796,8121],{"class":61},[55,64798,92],{"class":91},[55,64800,35617],{"class":95},[55,64802,109],{"class":91},[55,64804,2245],{"class":95},[55,64806,2764],{"class":91},[55,64808,35821],{"class":95},[55,64810,2764],{"class":91},[55,64812,64813],{"class":95}," end",[55,64815,342],{"class":91},[20,64817,64818],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64820,64821,64826,64831,64836],{},[33,64822,64823,64825],{},[15,64824,2245],{},": the item to search for",[33,64827,64828,64830],{},[15,64829,35842],{},": where the search begins",[33,64832,64833,64835],{},[15,64834,52431],{},": where the search stops",[33,64837,64838,4566,64840,64843],{},[15,64839,52431],{},[123,64841,64842],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64845,64846,64847,64849,64850,92],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64848,35842],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64851,52431],{},[131,64853,37792],{"id":37791},[20,64855,64856,64858],{},[15,64857,64638],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64860,64861,64862,64865],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[123,64863,64864],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64867,214],{},[46,64869,64871],{"className":48,"code":64870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64872,64873,64893,64911,64915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64874,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64876,3395],{"class":61},[55,64878,66],{"class":65},[55,64880,3400],{"class":91},[55,64882,2101],{"class":1210},[55,64884,2764],{"class":91},[55,64886,7574],{"class":1210},[55,64888,2764],{"class":91},[55,64890,7579],{"class":1210},[55,64892,3413],{"class":91},[55,64894,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,64896,83],{"class":61},[55,64898,66],{"class":65},[55,64900,4045],{"class":61},[55,64902,92],{"class":91},[55,64904,35617],{"class":95},[55,64906,109],{"class":91},[55,64908,15533],{"class":1210},[55,64910,342],{"class":91},[55,64912,64913],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,64914,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,64916,64917,64919,64921,64923],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,64918,106],{"class":105},[55,64920,109],{"class":91},[55,64922,112],{"class":95},[55,64924,342],{"class":91},[20,64926,357],{},[46,64928,64929],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,64930,64931],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64932,64933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64934,46687],{"class":1210},[20,64936,64937,64938,64940],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64939,58740],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[131,64942,64944],{"id":64943},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64946,64947],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[46,64949,64951],{"className":48,"code":64950,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64952,64953,64985,65007,65011],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64954,64955,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979,64981,64983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64956,36009],{"class":61},[55,64958,66],{"class":65},[55,64960,3400],{"class":91},[55,64962,228],{"class":69},[55,64964,3860],{"class":73},[55,64966,228],{"class":69},[55,64968,2764],{"class":91},[55,64970,70],{"class":69},[55,64972,3869],{"class":73},[55,64974,228],{"class":69},[55,64976,2764],{"class":91},[55,64978,70],{"class":69},[55,64980,3878],{"class":73},[55,64982,228],{"class":69},[55,64984,3413],{"class":91},[55,64986,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003,65005],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,64988,64692],{"class":61},[55,64990,66],{"class":65},[55,64992,52622],{"class":61},[55,64994,92],{"class":91},[55,64996,35617],{"class":95},[55,64998,109],{"class":91},[55,65000,228],{"class":69},[55,65002,3878],{"class":73},[55,65004,228],{"class":69},[55,65006,342],{"class":91},[55,65008,65009],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,65010,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,65012,65013,65015,65017,65019],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,65014,106],{"class":105},[55,65016,109],{"class":91},[55,65018,64719],{"class":95},[55,65020,342],{"class":91},[20,65022,357],{},[46,65024,65025],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,65026,65027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65028,65029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65030,16834],{"class":1210},[20,65032,65033],{},"In this list:",[30,65035,65036,65043,65050],{},[33,65037,65038,65040,65041],{},[15,65039,57605],{}," is at index ",[15,65042,1894],{},[33,65044,65045,65040,65048],{},[15,65046,65047],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65049,2761],{},[33,65051,65052,65040,65055],{},[15,65053,65054],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65056,1829],{},[20,65058,53424,65059,2168,65062,92],{},[15,65060,65061],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65063,1829],{},[20,65065,51313,65066,92],{},[166,65067,65069],{"href":65068},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[131,65071,65073],{"id":65072},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65075,65076,65077,65079],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65078,58740],{}," returns the first match only.",[46,65081,65083],{"className":48,"code":65082,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65084,65085,65125,65129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65086,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65088,12855],{"class":61},[55,65090,66],{"class":65},[55,65092,3400],{"class":91},[55,65094,228],{"class":69},[55,65096,12872],{"class":73},[55,65098,228],{"class":69},[55,65100,2764],{"class":91},[55,65102,70],{"class":69},[55,65104,705],{"class":73},[55,65106,228],{"class":69},[55,65108,2764],{"class":91},[55,65110,70],{"class":69},[55,65112,12872],{"class":73},[55,65114,228],{"class":69},[55,65116,2764],{"class":91},[55,65118,70],{"class":69},[55,65120,17232],{"class":73},[55,65122,228],{"class":69},[55,65124,3413],{"class":91},[55,65126,65127],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,65128,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,65130,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,65132,106],{"class":105},[55,65134,109],{"class":91},[55,65136,17279],{"class":95},[55,65138,92],{"class":91},[55,65140,35617],{"class":95},[55,65142,109],{"class":91},[55,65144,228],{"class":69},[55,65146,12872],{"class":73},[55,65148,228],{"class":69},[55,65150,1273],{"class":91},[20,65152,357],{},[46,65154,65155],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,65156,65157],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65158,65159],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65160,47022],{"class":1210},[20,65162,20756,65163,65166,65167,65169],{},[15,65164,65165],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65168,1894],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65171,65172,65173,92],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[166,65174,55291,65175,1573],{"href":58799},[15,65176,57062],{},[131,65178,1185,65180,1377,65182],{"id":65179},"using-start-and-end",[15,65181,35842],{},[15,65183,52431],{},[20,65185,65186,65187,1377,65189,65191],{},"The optional ",[15,65188,35842],{},[15,65190,52431],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[46,65193,65195],{"className":48,"code":65194,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65196,65197,65245,65249,65274,65303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65198,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241,65243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65200,35860],{"class":61},[55,65202,66],{"class":65},[55,65204,3400],{"class":91},[55,65206,228],{"class":69},[55,65208,166],{"class":73},[55,65210,228],{"class":69},[55,65212,2764],{"class":91},[55,65214,70],{"class":69},[55,65216,4543],{"class":73},[55,65218,228],{"class":69},[55,65220,2764],{"class":91},[55,65222,70],{"class":69},[55,65224,9520],{"class":73},[55,65226,228],{"class":69},[55,65228,2764],{"class":91},[55,65230,70],{"class":69},[55,65232,4543],{"class":73},[55,65234,228],{"class":69},[55,65236,2764],{"class":91},[55,65238,70],{"class":69},[55,65240,18545],{"class":73},[55,65242,228],{"class":69},[55,65244,3413],{"class":91},[55,65246,65247],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,65248,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,65250,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,65252,106],{"class":105},[55,65254,109],{"class":91},[55,65256,35913],{"class":95},[55,65258,92],{"class":91},[55,65260,35617],{"class":95},[55,65262,109],{"class":91},[55,65264,228],{"class":69},[55,65266,4543],{"class":73},[55,65268,228],{"class":69},[55,65270,5145],{"class":91},[55,65272,65273],{"class":118},"        # first match\n",[55,65275,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,65277,106],{"class":105},[55,65279,109],{"class":91},[55,65281,35913],{"class":95},[55,65283,92],{"class":91},[55,65285,35617],{"class":95},[55,65287,109],{"class":91},[55,65289,228],{"class":69},[55,65291,4543],{"class":73},[55,65293,228],{"class":69},[55,65295,2764],{"class":91},[55,65297,2767],{"class":1210},[55,65299,5145],{"class":91},[55,65301,65302],{"class":118},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[55,65304,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,65306,106],{"class":105},[55,65308,109],{"class":91},[55,65310,35913],{"class":95},[55,65312,92],{"class":91},[55,65314,35617],{"class":95},[55,65316,109],{"class":91},[55,65318,228],{"class":69},[55,65320,4543],{"class":73},[55,65322,228],{"class":69},[55,65324,2764],{"class":91},[55,65326,5282],{"class":1210},[55,65328,2764],{"class":91},[55,65330,2229],{"class":1210},[55,65332,5145],{"class":91},[55,65334,65335],{"class":118},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65337,357],{},[46,65339,65341],{"className":48,"code":65340,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65342,65343,65347,65351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65344,65345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65346,46687],{"class":1210},[55,65348,65349],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,65350,46387],{"class":1210},[55,65352,65353],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,65354,46687],{"class":1210},[20,65356,65357],{},"How this works:",[30,65359,65360,65372,65385],{},[33,65361,65362,65365,65366,65369,65370],{},[15,65363,65364],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65367,65368],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65371,2761],{},[33,65373,65374,65377,65378,65380,65381,65369,65383],{},[15,65375,65376],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65379,1829],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65382,65368],{},[15,65384,1835],{},[33,65386,65387,65390,65391,1963,65393,16850,65395],{},[15,65388,65389],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65392,2761],{},[15,65394,1829],{},[15,65396,1835],{},[20,65398,65399],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[131,65401,65403],{"id":65402},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65405,65406,65407,92],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65408,40477],{},[20,65410,214],{},[46,65412,65414],{"className":48,"code":65413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65415,65416,65448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65417,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65419,7563],{"class":61},[55,65421,66],{"class":65},[55,65423,3400],{"class":91},[55,65425,228],{"class":69},[55,65427,3860],{"class":73},[55,65429,228],{"class":69},[55,65431,2764],{"class":91},[55,65433,70],{"class":69},[55,65435,3869],{"class":73},[55,65437,228],{"class":69},[55,65439,2764],{"class":91},[55,65441,70],{"class":69},[55,65443,3878],{"class":73},[55,65445,228],{"class":69},[55,65447,3413],{"class":91},[55,65449,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,65451,106],{"class":105},[55,65453,109],{"class":91},[55,65455,7594],{"class":95},[55,65457,92],{"class":91},[55,65459,35617],{"class":95},[55,65461,109],{"class":91},[55,65463,228],{"class":69},[55,65465,32994],{"class":73},[55,65467,228],{"class":69},[55,65469,1273],{"class":91},[20,65471,39426,65472,65475],{},[15,65473,65474],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65477,65478],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[46,65480,65482],{"className":48,"code":65481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65483,65484,65516,65529,65533,65546,65565,65571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65485,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65487,7563],{"class":61},[55,65489,66],{"class":65},[55,65491,3400],{"class":91},[55,65493,228],{"class":69},[55,65495,3860],{"class":73},[55,65497,228],{"class":69},[55,65499,2764],{"class":91},[55,65501,70],{"class":69},[55,65503,3869],{"class":73},[55,65505,228],{"class":69},[55,65507,2764],{"class":91},[55,65509,70],{"class":69},[55,65511,3878],{"class":73},[55,65513,228],{"class":69},[55,65515,3413],{"class":91},[55,65517,65518,65521,65523,65525,65527],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,65519,65520],{"class":61},"search_value ",[55,65522,66],{"class":65},[55,65524,70],{"class":69},[55,65526,32994],{"class":73},[55,65528,77],{"class":69},[55,65530,65531],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,65532,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,65534,65535,65537,65540,65542,65544],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,65536,488],{"class":487},[55,65538,65539],{"class":61}," search_value ",[55,65541,3662],{"class":65},[55,65543,5751],{"class":61},[55,65545,511],{"class":91},[55,65547,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65563],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,65549,516],{"class":105},[55,65551,109],{"class":91},[55,65553,7594],{"class":95},[55,65555,92],{"class":91},[55,65557,35617],{"class":95},[55,65559,109],{"class":91},[55,65561,65562],{"class":95},"search_value",[55,65564,1273],{"class":91},[55,65566,65567,65569],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,65568,610],{"class":487},[55,65570,511],{"class":91},[55,65572,65573,65575,65577,65579,65582,65584],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,65574,516],{"class":105},[55,65576,109],{"class":91},[55,65578,228],{"class":69},[55,65580,65581],{"class":73},"Item not found",[55,65583,228],{"class":69},[55,65585,342],{"class":91},[20,65587,357],{},[46,65589,65591],{"className":48,"code":65590,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Item not found\n",[15,65592,65593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65594,65595,65598,65600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65596,65597],{"class":61},"Item ",[55,65599,902],{"class":65},[55,65601,65602],{"class":61}," found\n",[20,65604,65605],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65607,65608,65609,92],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[166,65610,65612],{"href":65611},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[131,65614,4301],{"id":4300},[20,65616,20989,65617,539],{},[15,65618,64638],{},[30,65620,65621,65639,65651,65711],{},[33,65622,25547,65623,2168,65625,65628,65629,65631,65632,4944,65634,65636,65637,92],{},[15,65624,58740],{},[15,65626,65627],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9627,65630],{},"\nPython does ",[123,65633,902],{},[15,65635,65627],{},". It raises ",[15,65638,40477],{},[33,65640,65641,65642,65644,65647,65648,65650],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9627,65643],{},[15,65645,65646],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65649,65047],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65652,1185,65653,1012,65656,65658,65660,65661,1055,65663,65686,1017,65688],{},[15,65654,65655],{},"index[]",[15,65657,58740],{},[9627,65659],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9627,65662],{},[46,65664,65666],{"className":48,"code":65665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65667,65668],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65669,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65671,7594],{"class":61},[55,65673,92],{"class":91},[55,65675,35617],{"class":95},[55,65677,109],{"class":91},[55,65679,228],{"class":69},[55,65681,3869],{"class":73},[55,65683,228],{"class":69},[55,65685,342],{"class":91},[9627,65687],{},[46,65689,65691],{"className":48,"code":65690,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65692,65693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65694,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65696,7594],{"class":61},[55,65698,92],{"class":91},[55,65700,35617],{"class":1047},[55,65702,3680],{"class":91},[55,65704,228],{"class":69},[55,65706,3869],{"class":73},[55,65708,228],{"class":69},[55,65710,3413],{"class":91},[33,65712,65713,65714,65716,1377,65719,65721,65722],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9627,65715],{},[15,65717,65718],{},"\"3\"",[15,65720,1835],{}," are different values in Python.",[46,65723,65725],{"className":48,"code":65724,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65726,65727,65747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65728,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65730,3395],{"class":61},[55,65732,66],{"class":65},[55,65734,3400],{"class":91},[55,65736,2761],{"class":1210},[55,65738,2764],{"class":91},[55,65740,2767],{"class":1210},[55,65742,2764],{"class":91},[55,65744,2223],{"class":1210},[55,65746,3413],{"class":91},[55,65748,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,65750,106],{"class":105},[55,65752,109],{"class":91},[55,65754,228],{"class":69},[55,65756,1835],{"class":73},[55,65758,228],{"class":69},[55,65760,784],{"class":487},[55,65762,4045],{"class":95},[55,65764,115],{"class":91},[55,65766,4554],{"class":118},[20,65768,65769],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[46,65771,65773],{"className":48,"code":65772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65774,65775,65785,65799,65813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65776,65777,65779,65781,65783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65778,106],{"class":105},[55,65780,109],{"class":91},[55,65782,8121],{"class":95},[55,65784,342],{"class":91},[55,65786,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,65788,106],{"class":105},[55,65790,109],{"class":91},[55,65792,1266],{"class":1265},[55,65794,109],{"class":91},[55,65796,65562],{"class":95},[55,65798,1273],{"class":91},[55,65800,65801,65803,65805,65807,65809,65811],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,65802,106],{"class":105},[55,65804,109],{"class":91},[55,65806,65520],{"class":95},[55,65808,3662],{"class":487},[55,65810,8178],{"class":95},[55,65812,342],{"class":91},[55,65814,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,65816,106],{"class":105},[55,65818,109],{"class":91},[55,65820,8121],{"class":95},[55,65822,92],{"class":91},[55,65824,35617],{"class":95},[55,65826,109],{"class":91},[55,65828,65562],{"class":95},[55,65830,1273],{"class":91},[20,65832,65833],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65835,65836],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65838,65839,65842,65849,65855],{},[33,65840,65841],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65843,65844,65845,1012,65847],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65846,65718],{},[15,65848,1835],{},[33,65850,65851,65852,65854],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65853,58740],{}," returns only the first one",[33,65856,65857],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[131,65859,4744,65861],{"id":65860},"when-to-use-index",[15,65862,58740],{},[20,65864,1866,65865,10382],{},[15,65866,58740],{},[30,65868,65869,65872,65875],{},[33,65870,65871],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,65873,65874],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,65876,65877],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65879,65880],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[131,65882,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,65884,1603,65886,4928],{"id":65885},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65887,64638],{},[20,65889,65890],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1003,65892,1581,65894,4944,65896,65898],{"id":65893},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65895,64638],{},[15,65897,65627],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65900,65901,65902,6417],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65903,40477],{},[1003,65905,4953,65907,65909],{"id":65906},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65908,64638],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65911,65912],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1003,65914,65916,65917,1631],{"id":65915},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65918,58740],{},[20,65920,65921,65922,1377,65924,65926],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65923,35842],{},[15,65925,52431],{}," arguments.",[131,65928,1643],{"id":1642},[30,65930,65931,65935,65939,65943],{},[33,65932,65933],{},[166,65934,58728],{"href":65068},[33,65936,65937],{},[166,65938,52542],{"href":54341},[33,65940,65941],{},[166,65942,65612],{"href":65611},[33,65944,65945],{},[166,65946,55291,65947,1573],{"href":58799},[15,65948,57062],{},[1696,65950,65951],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":65953},[65954,65955,65957,65958,65959,65960,65961,65963,65964,65965,65967,65977],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":64735,"depth":80,"text":65956},"What list.index() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":37791,"depth":80,"text":37792},{"id":64943,"depth":80,"text":64944},{"id":65072,"depth":80,"text":65073},{"id":65179,"depth":80,"text":65962},"Using start and end",{"id":65402,"depth":80,"text":65403},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301},{"id":65860,"depth":80,"text":65966},"When to use index()",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":65968},[65969,65971,65973,65975],{"id":65885,"depth":102,"text":65970},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65893,"depth":102,"text":65972},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65906,"depth":102,"text":65974},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65915,"depth":102,"text":65976},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64626,"description":65978},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65985,"title":65986,"body":65987,"description":67929,"extension":1733,"meta":67930,"navigation":248,"path":67931,"seo":67932,"stem":67933,"__hash__":67934},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65988,"toc":67889},[65989,65994,65999,66002,66011,66068,66074,66079,66083,66097,66103,66105,66128,66145,66147,66208,66210,66242,66255,66257,66260,66360,66362,66440,66446,66450,66458,66462,66468,66523,66525,66549,66553,66556,66609,66611,66635,66639,66642,66695,66697,66721,66725,66731,66802,66804,66845,66851,66858,66861,66866,66874,66879,66887,66889,66986,66988,67057,67064,67069,67071,67075,67080,67082,67153,67155,67184,67190,67192,67219,67222,67245,67249,67252,67274,67277,67300,67302,67362,67364,67396,67402,67407,67460,67462,67487,67490,67539,67541,67562,67566,67571,67574,67629,67631,67658,67665,67669,67674,67745,67748,67762,67767,67772,67774,67788,67800,67805,67807,67812,67817,67821,67824,67830,67836,67843,67851,67853,67886],[10,65990,54113,65992,18],{"id":65991},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65993,54039],{},[20,65995,65996,65998],{},[15,65997,53682],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66000,66001],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66003,1866,66004,66006,66007,92],{},[15,66005,54039],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[166,66008,55291,66009,1573],{"href":56540},[15,66010,52423],{},[46,66012,66014],{"className":48,"code":66013,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66015,66016,66036,66054,66064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66017,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66019,3395],{"class":61},[55,66021,66],{"class":65},[55,66023,3400],{"class":91},[55,66025,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66027,2764],{"class":91},[55,66029,2767],{"class":1210},[55,66031,2764],{"class":91},[55,66033,2229],{"class":1210},[55,66035,3413],{"class":91},[55,66037,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66039,3427],{"class":61},[55,66041,92],{"class":91},[55,66043,53722],{"class":95},[55,66045,109],{"class":91},[55,66047,1829],{"class":1210},[55,66049,2764],{"class":91},[55,66051,2223],{"class":1210},[55,66053,342],{"class":91},[55,66055,66056,66058,66060,66062],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66057,106],{"class":105},[55,66059,109],{"class":91},[55,66061,3427],{"class":95},[55,66063,342],{"class":91},[55,66065,66066],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,66067,52494],{"class":118},[20,66069,1866,66070,66073],{},[15,66071,66072],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[131,66075,134,66077,137],{"id":66076},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66078,53682],{},[20,66080,66081,539],{},[15,66082,53682],{},[30,66084,66085,66088,66091,66093],{},[33,66086,66087],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,66089,66090],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,66092,54199],{},[33,66094,11204,66095],{},[15,66096,3556],{},[20,66098,66099,66100,66102],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66101,54039],{}," does not create a new list.",[131,66104,5215],{"id":5214},[46,66106,66108],{"className":48,"code":66107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66109,66110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66111,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66113,8121],{"class":61},[55,66115,92],{"class":91},[55,66117,53722],{"class":95},[55,66119,109],{"class":91},[55,66121,35617],{"class":95},[55,66123,2764],{"class":91},[55,66125,29278],{"class":95},[55,66127,342],{"class":91},[30,66129,66130,66135,66140],{},[33,66131,66132,66134],{},[15,66133,35617],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66136,66137,66139],{},[15,66138,23087],{}," is the value to add",[33,66141,66142,66143],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66144,1894],{},[20,66146,214],{},[46,66148,66150],{"className":48,"code":66149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66151,66152,66176,66198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66153,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66155,35860],{"class":61},[55,66157,66],{"class":65},[55,66159,3400],{"class":91},[55,66161,228],{"class":69},[55,66163,166],{"class":73},[55,66165,228],{"class":69},[55,66167,2764],{"class":91},[55,66169,70],{"class":69},[55,66171,9520],{"class":73},[55,66173,228],{"class":69},[55,66175,3413],{"class":91},[55,66177,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66179,35913],{"class":61},[55,66181,92],{"class":91},[55,66183,53722],{"class":95},[55,66185,109],{"class":91},[55,66187,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66189,2764],{"class":91},[55,66191,70],{"class":69},[55,66193,4543],{"class":73},[55,66195,228],{"class":69},[55,66197,342],{"class":91},[55,66199,66200,66202,66204,66206],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66201,106],{"class":105},[55,66203,109],{"class":91},[55,66205,35913],{"class":95},[55,66207,342],{"class":91},[20,66209,357],{},[46,66211,66212],{"className":48,"code":42648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,66213,66214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66215,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66217,3680],{"class":91},[55,66219,3077],{"class":69},[55,66221,166],{"class":73},[55,66223,3077],{"class":69},[55,66225,2764],{"class":91},[55,66227,3072],{"class":69},[55,66229,4543],{"class":73},[55,66231,3077],{"class":69},[55,66233,2764],{"class":91},[55,66235,3072],{"class":69},[55,66237,9520],{"class":73},[55,66239,3077],{"class":69},[55,66241,3413],{"class":91},[20,66243,20549,66244,66246,66247,66249,66250,1377,66252,92],{},[15,66245,65368],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66248,2761],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66251,17873],{},[15,66253,66254],{},"\"c\"",[131,66256,5572],{"id":5571},[20,66258,66259],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[46,66261,66263],{"className":48,"code":66262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66264,66265,66297,66315,66319,66341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66266,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66268,12855],{"class":61},[55,66270,66],{"class":65},[55,66272,3400],{"class":91},[55,66274,228],{"class":69},[55,66276,12872],{"class":73},[55,66278,228],{"class":69},[55,66280,2764],{"class":91},[55,66282,70],{"class":69},[55,66284,705],{"class":73},[55,66286,228],{"class":69},[55,66288,2764],{"class":91},[55,66290,70],{"class":69},[55,66292,17232],{"class":73},[55,66294,228],{"class":69},[55,66296,3413],{"class":91},[55,66298,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66300,106],{"class":105},[55,66302,109],{"class":91},[55,66304,228],{"class":69},[55,66306,11343],{"class":73},[55,66308,228],{"class":69},[55,66310,2764],{"class":91},[55,66312,12902],{"class":95},[55,66314,342],{"class":91},[55,66316,66317],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66318,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,66320,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,66322,17279],{"class":61},[55,66324,92],{"class":91},[55,66326,53722],{"class":95},[55,66328,109],{"class":91},[55,66330,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66332,2764],{"class":91},[55,66334,70],{"class":69},[55,66336,22300],{"class":73},[55,66338,228],{"class":69},[55,66340,342],{"class":91},[55,66342,66343,66345,66347,66349,66352,66354,66356,66358],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,66344,106],{"class":105},[55,66346,109],{"class":91},[55,66348,228],{"class":69},[55,66350,66351],{"class":73},"After: ",[55,66353,228],{"class":69},[55,66355,2764],{"class":91},[55,66357,12902],{"class":95},[55,66359,342],{"class":91},[20,66361,357],{},[46,66363,66365],{"className":48,"code":66364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66366,66367,66399],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66368,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66370,11403],{"class":61},[55,66372,539],{"class":91},[55,66374,3400],{"class":91},[55,66376,3077],{"class":69},[55,66378,12872],{"class":73},[55,66380,3077],{"class":69},[55,66382,2764],{"class":91},[55,66384,3072],{"class":69},[55,66386,705],{"class":73},[55,66388,3077],{"class":69},[55,66390,2764],{"class":91},[55,66392,3072],{"class":69},[55,66394,17232],{"class":73},[55,66396,3077],{"class":69},[55,66398,3413],{"class":91},[55,66400,66401,66403,66405,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66402,11456],{"class":61},[55,66404,539],{"class":91},[55,66406,66407],{"class":91},"  [",[55,66409,3077],{"class":69},[55,66411,12872],{"class":73},[55,66413,3077],{"class":69},[55,66415,2764],{"class":91},[55,66417,3072],{"class":69},[55,66419,22300],{"class":73},[55,66421,3077],{"class":69},[55,66423,2764],{"class":91},[55,66425,3072],{"class":69},[55,66427,705],{"class":73},[55,66429,3077],{"class":69},[55,66431,2764],{"class":91},[55,66433,3072],{"class":69},[55,66435,17232],{"class":73},[55,66437,3077],{"class":69},[55,66439,3413],{"class":91},[20,66441,66442,66443,66445],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66444,2761],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[131,66447,66449],{"id":66448},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66451,1750,66452,35100,66454,66457],{},[15,66453,35617],{},[15,66455,66456],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1003,66459,66461],{"id":66460},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66463,66464,66465,66467],{},"Use index ",[15,66466,1894],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[46,66469,66471],{"className":48,"code":66470,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66472,66473,66494,66513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66474,66475,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66476,66477],{"class":61},"nums ",[55,66479,66],{"class":65},[55,66481,3400],{"class":91},[55,66483,1829],{"class":1210},[55,66485,2764],{"class":91},[55,66487,2223],{"class":1210},[55,66489,2764],{"class":91},[55,66491,2229],{"class":1210},[55,66493,3413],{"class":91},[55,66495,66496,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66497,66498],{"class":61},"nums",[55,66500,92],{"class":91},[55,66502,53722],{"class":95},[55,66504,109],{"class":91},[55,66506,1894],{"class":1210},[55,66508,2764],{"class":91},[55,66510,5282],{"class":1210},[55,66512,342],{"class":91},[55,66514,66515,66517,66519,66521],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66516,106],{"class":105},[55,66518,109],{"class":91},[55,66520,66498],{"class":95},[55,66522,342],{"class":91},[20,66524,357],{},[46,66526,66527],{"className":48,"code":53276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,66528,66529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66530,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66532,3680],{"class":91},[55,66534,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66536,2764],{"class":91},[55,66538,2767],{"class":1210},[55,66540,2764],{"class":91},[55,66542,2223],{"class":1210},[55,66544,2764],{"class":91},[55,66546,2229],{"class":1210},[55,66548,3413],{"class":91},[1003,66550,66552],{"id":66551},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66554,66555],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[46,66557,66559],{"className":48,"code":66558,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66560,66561,66581,66599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66562,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66564,66477],{"class":61},[55,66566,66],{"class":65},[55,66568,3400],{"class":91},[55,66570,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66572,2764],{"class":91},[55,66574,2767],{"class":1210},[55,66576,2764],{"class":91},[55,66578,2229],{"class":1210},[55,66580,3413],{"class":91},[55,66582,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66584,66498],{"class":61},[55,66586,92],{"class":91},[55,66588,53722],{"class":95},[55,66590,109],{"class":91},[55,66592,1829],{"class":1210},[55,66594,2764],{"class":91},[55,66596,2223],{"class":1210},[55,66598,342],{"class":91},[55,66600,66601,66603,66605,66607],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66602,106],{"class":105},[55,66604,109],{"class":91},[55,66606,66498],{"class":95},[55,66608,342],{"class":91},[20,66610,357],{},[46,66612,66613],{"className":48,"code":53276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,66614,66615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66616,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66618,3680],{"class":91},[55,66620,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66622,2764],{"class":91},[55,66624,2767],{"class":1210},[55,66626,2764],{"class":91},[55,66628,2223],{"class":1210},[55,66630,2764],{"class":91},[55,66632,2229],{"class":1210},[55,66634,3413],{"class":91},[1003,66636,66638],{"id":66637},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66640,66641],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[46,66643,66645],{"className":48,"code":66644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66646,66647,66667,66685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66648,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66650,66477],{"class":61},[55,66652,66],{"class":65},[55,66654,3400],{"class":91},[55,66656,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66658,2764],{"class":91},[55,66660,2767],{"class":1210},[55,66662,2764],{"class":91},[55,66664,2223],{"class":1210},[55,66666,3413],{"class":91},[55,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66670,66498],{"class":61},[55,66672,92],{"class":91},[55,66674,53722],{"class":95},[55,66676,109],{"class":91},[55,66678,2101],{"class":1210},[55,66680,2764],{"class":91},[55,66682,2229],{"class":1210},[55,66684,342],{"class":91},[55,66686,66687,66689,66691,66693],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66688,106],{"class":105},[55,66690,109],{"class":91},[55,66692,66498],{"class":95},[55,66694,342],{"class":91},[20,66696,357],{},[46,66698,66699],{"className":48,"code":53276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,66700,66701],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66702,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66704,3680],{"class":91},[55,66706,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66708,2764],{"class":91},[55,66710,2767],{"class":1210},[55,66712,2764],{"class":91},[55,66714,2223],{"class":1210},[55,66716,2764],{"class":91},[55,66718,2229],{"class":1210},[55,66720,3413],{"class":91},[1003,66722,66724],{"id":66723},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66726,66727,66728,66730],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66729,54039],{}," places the item before that position.",[46,66732,66734],{"className":48,"code":66733,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66735,66736,66768,66792],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66737,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66739,35860],{"class":61},[55,66741,66],{"class":65},[55,66743,3400],{"class":91},[55,66745,228],{"class":69},[55,66747,166],{"class":73},[55,66749,228],{"class":69},[55,66751,2764],{"class":91},[55,66753,70],{"class":69},[55,66755,4543],{"class":73},[55,66757,228],{"class":69},[55,66759,2764],{"class":91},[55,66761,70],{"class":69},[55,66763,18545],{"class":73},[55,66765,228],{"class":69},[55,66767,3413],{"class":91},[55,66769,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66771,35913],{"class":61},[55,66773,92],{"class":91},[55,66775,53722],{"class":95},[55,66777,109],{"class":91},[55,66779,1794],{"class":65},[55,66781,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66783,2764],{"class":91},[55,66785,70],{"class":69},[55,66787,9520],{"class":73},[55,66789,228],{"class":69},[55,66791,342],{"class":91},[55,66793,66794,66796,66798,66800],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66795,106],{"class":105},[55,66797,109],{"class":91},[55,66799,35913],{"class":95},[55,66801,342],{"class":91},[20,66803,357],{},[46,66805,66807],{"className":48,"code":66806,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66808,66809],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66810,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66812,3680],{"class":91},[55,66814,3077],{"class":69},[55,66816,166],{"class":73},[55,66818,3077],{"class":69},[55,66820,2764],{"class":91},[55,66822,3072],{"class":69},[55,66824,4543],{"class":73},[55,66826,3077],{"class":69},[55,66828,2764],{"class":91},[55,66830,3072],{"class":69},[55,66832,9520],{"class":73},[55,66834,3077],{"class":69},[55,66836,2764],{"class":91},[55,66838,3072],{"class":69},[55,66840,18545],{"class":73},[55,66842,3077],{"class":69},[55,66844,3413],{"class":91},[20,66846,66847,66848,2074],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[166,66849,66850],{"href":50749},"Python lists beginner guide",[131,66852,66854,1477,66856],{"id":66853},"insert-vs-append",[15,66855,54039],{},[15,66857,52423],{},[20,66859,66860],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1003,66862,1866,66864,10382],{"id":66863},"use-insert-when",[15,66865,54039],{},[30,66867,66868,66871],{},[33,66869,66870],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,66872,66873],{},"The order of the list matters",[1003,66875,1866,66877,10382],{"id":66876},"use-append-when",[15,66878,52423],{},[30,66880,66881,66884],{},[33,66882,66883],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,66885,66886],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66888,214],{},[46,66890,66892],{"className":48,"code":66891,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66893,66894,66918,66922,66944,66954,66958,66976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66895,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66897,7563],{"class":61},[55,66899,66],{"class":65},[55,66901,3400],{"class":91},[55,66903,228],{"class":69},[55,66905,3860],{"class":73},[55,66907,228],{"class":69},[55,66909,2764],{"class":91},[55,66911,70],{"class":69},[55,66913,32994],{"class":73},[55,66915,228],{"class":69},[55,66917,3413],{"class":91},[55,66919,66920],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,66921,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,66923,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,66925,7594],{"class":61},[55,66927,92],{"class":91},[55,66929,53722],{"class":95},[55,66931,109],{"class":91},[55,66933,2761],{"class":1210},[55,66935,2764],{"class":91},[55,66937,70],{"class":69},[55,66939,3869],{"class":73},[55,66941,228],{"class":69},[55,66943,342],{"class":91},[55,66945,66946,66948,66950,66952],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,66947,106],{"class":105},[55,66949,109],{"class":91},[55,66951,7594],{"class":95},[55,66953,342],{"class":91},[55,66955,66956],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,66957,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,66959,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,66961,7594],{"class":61},[55,66963,92],{"class":91},[55,66965,13332],{"class":95},[55,66967,109],{"class":91},[55,66969,228],{"class":69},[55,66971,22309],{"class":73},[55,66973,228],{"class":69},[55,66975,342],{"class":91},[55,66977,66978,66980,66982,66984],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,66979,106],{"class":105},[55,66981,109],{"class":91},[55,66983,7594],{"class":95},[55,66985,342],{"class":91},[20,66987,357],{},[46,66989,66991],{"className":48,"code":66990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66992,66993,67021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66994,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66996,3680],{"class":91},[55,66998,3077],{"class":69},[55,67000,3860],{"class":73},[55,67002,3077],{"class":69},[55,67004,2764],{"class":91},[55,67006,3072],{"class":69},[55,67008,3869],{"class":73},[55,67010,3077],{"class":69},[55,67012,2764],{"class":91},[55,67014,3072],{"class":69},[55,67016,32994],{"class":73},[55,67018,3077],{"class":69},[55,67020,3413],{"class":91},[55,67022,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67024,3680],{"class":91},[55,67026,3077],{"class":69},[55,67028,3860],{"class":73},[55,67030,3077],{"class":69},[55,67032,2764],{"class":91},[55,67034,3072],{"class":69},[55,67036,3869],{"class":73},[55,67038,3077],{"class":69},[55,67040,2764],{"class":91},[55,67042,3072],{"class":69},[55,67044,32994],{"class":73},[55,67046,3077],{"class":69},[55,67048,2764],{"class":91},[55,67050,3072],{"class":69},[55,67052,22309],{"class":73},[55,67054,3077],{"class":69},[55,67056,3413],{"class":91},[20,67058,67059,67060,92],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[166,67061,55291,67062,1573],{"href":56540},[15,67063,52423],{},[20,67065,67066,67067,92],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[166,67068,52820],{"href":52819},[131,67070,4301],{"id":4300},[20,67072,14513,67073,92],{},[15,67074,54039],{},[1003,67076,12375,67078],{"id":67077},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67079,54039],{},[20,67081,25463],{},[46,67083,67085],{"className":48,"code":67084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67086,67087,67107,67129,67133,67143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67088,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67090,3395],{"class":61},[55,67092,66],{"class":65},[55,67094,3400],{"class":91},[55,67096,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67098,2764],{"class":91},[55,67100,2767],{"class":1210},[55,67102,2764],{"class":91},[55,67104,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67106,3413],{"class":91},[55,67108,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67110,83],{"class":61},[55,67112,66],{"class":65},[55,67114,4045],{"class":61},[55,67116,92],{"class":91},[55,67118,53722],{"class":95},[55,67120,109],{"class":91},[55,67122,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67124,2764],{"class":91},[55,67126,9978],{"class":1210},[55,67128,342],{"class":91},[55,67130,67131],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,67132,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,67134,67135,67137,67139,67141],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,67136,106],{"class":105},[55,67138,109],{"class":91},[55,67140,112],{"class":95},[55,67142,342],{"class":91},[55,67144,67145,67147,67149,67151],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,67146,106],{"class":105},[55,67148,109],{"class":91},[55,67150,3427],{"class":95},[55,67152,342],{"class":91},[20,67154,357],{},[46,67156,67158],{"className":48,"code":67157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67159,67160,67164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67161,67162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67163,11588],{"class":3631},[55,67165,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67167,3680],{"class":91},[55,67169,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67171,2764],{"class":91},[55,67173,9978],{"class":1210},[55,67175,2764],{"class":91},[55,67177,2767],{"class":1210},[55,67179,2764],{"class":91},[55,67181,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67183,3413],{"class":91},[20,67185,67186,53924,67188,92],{},[15,67187,54039],{},[15,67189,3556],{},[20,67191,1017],{},[46,67193,67195],{"className":48,"code":67194,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67196,67197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67198,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67200,55661],{"class":61},[55,67202,66],{"class":65},[55,67204,4045],{"class":61},[55,67206,92],{"class":91},[55,67208,53722],{"class":95},[55,67210,109],{"class":91},[55,67212,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67214,2764],{"class":91},[55,67216,9978],{"class":1210},[55,67218,342],{"class":91},[20,67220,67221],{},"Right:",[46,67223,67225],{"className":48,"code":67224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67226,67227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67228,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67230,3427],{"class":61},[55,67232,92],{"class":91},[55,67234,53722],{"class":95},[55,67236,109],{"class":91},[55,67238,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67240,2764],{"class":91},[55,67242,9978],{"class":1210},[55,67244,342],{"class":91},[1003,67246,67248],{"id":67247},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67250,67251],{},"The correct order is:",[46,67253,67254],{"className":48,"code":66107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,67255,67256],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67257,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67259,8121],{"class":61},[55,67261,92],{"class":91},[55,67263,53722],{"class":95},[55,67265,109],{"class":91},[55,67267,35617],{"class":95},[55,67269,2764],{"class":91},[55,67271,29278],{"class":95},[55,67273,342],{"class":91},[20,67275,67276],{},"Not:",[46,67278,67280],{"className":48,"code":67279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67281,67282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67283,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67285,8121],{"class":61},[55,67287,92],{"class":91},[55,67289,53722],{"class":95},[55,67291,109],{"class":91},[55,67293,23087],{"class":95},[55,67295,2764],{"class":91},[55,67297,35592],{"class":95},[55,67299,342],{"class":91},[20,67301,214],{},[46,67303,67304],{"className":48,"code":66149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,67305,67306,67330,67352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67307,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67309,35860],{"class":61},[55,67311,66],{"class":65},[55,67313,3400],{"class":91},[55,67315,228],{"class":69},[55,67317,166],{"class":73},[55,67319,228],{"class":69},[55,67321,2764],{"class":91},[55,67323,70],{"class":69},[55,67325,9520],{"class":73},[55,67327,228],{"class":69},[55,67329,3413],{"class":91},[55,67331,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67333,35913],{"class":61},[55,67335,92],{"class":91},[55,67337,53722],{"class":95},[55,67339,109],{"class":91},[55,67341,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67343,2764],{"class":91},[55,67345,70],{"class":69},[55,67347,4543],{"class":73},[55,67349,228],{"class":69},[55,67351,342],{"class":91},[55,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,67355,106],{"class":105},[55,67357,109],{"class":91},[55,67359,35913],{"class":95},[55,67361,342],{"class":91},[20,67363,357],{},[46,67365,67366],{"className":48,"code":42648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,67367,67368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67369,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67371,3680],{"class":91},[55,67373,3077],{"class":69},[55,67375,166],{"class":73},[55,67377,3077],{"class":69},[55,67379,2764],{"class":91},[55,67381,3072],{"class":69},[55,67383,4543],{"class":73},[55,67385,3077],{"class":69},[55,67387,2764],{"class":91},[55,67389,3072],{"class":69},[55,67391,9520],{"class":73},[55,67393,3077],{"class":69},[55,67395,3413],{"class":91},[1003,67397,8235,67399,67401],{"id":67398},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67400,54039],{}," to replace an item",[20,67403,67404,67406],{},[15,67405,54039],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[46,67408,67410],{"className":48,"code":67409,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67411,67412,67432,67450],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67413,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67415,3395],{"class":61},[55,67417,66],{"class":65},[55,67419,3400],{"class":91},[55,67421,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67423,2764],{"class":91},[55,67425,2767],{"class":1210},[55,67427,2764],{"class":91},[55,67429,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67431,3413],{"class":91},[55,67433,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67435,3427],{"class":61},[55,67437,92],{"class":91},[55,67439,53722],{"class":95},[55,67441,109],{"class":91},[55,67443,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67445,2764],{"class":91},[55,67447,9978],{"class":1210},[55,67449,342],{"class":91},[55,67451,67452,67454,67456,67458],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,67453,106],{"class":105},[55,67455,109],{"class":91},[55,67457,3427],{"class":95},[55,67459,342],{"class":91},[20,67461,357],{},[46,67463,67465],{"className":48,"code":67464,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67466,67467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67468,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67470,3680],{"class":91},[55,67472,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67474,2764],{"class":91},[55,67476,9978],{"class":1210},[55,67478,2764],{"class":91},[55,67480,2767],{"class":1210},[55,67482,2764],{"class":91},[55,67484,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67486,3413],{"class":91},[20,67488,67489],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[46,67491,67493],{"className":48,"code":67492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67494,67495,67515,67529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67496,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67498,3395],{"class":61},[55,67500,66],{"class":65},[55,67502,3400],{"class":91},[55,67504,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67506,2764],{"class":91},[55,67508,2767],{"class":1210},[55,67510,2764],{"class":91},[55,67512,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67514,3413],{"class":91},[55,67516,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67518,3427],{"class":61},[55,67520,3680],{"class":91},[55,67522,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67524,13052],{"class":91},[55,67526,13055],{"class":65},[55,67528,13910],{"class":1210},[55,67530,67531,67533,67535,67537],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,67532,106],{"class":105},[55,67534,109],{"class":91},[55,67536,3427],{"class":95},[55,67538,342],{"class":91},[20,67540,357],{},[46,67542,67544],{"className":48,"code":67543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67545,67546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67547,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67549,3680],{"class":91},[55,67551,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67553,2764],{"class":91},[55,67555,9978],{"class":1210},[55,67557,2764],{"class":91},[55,67559,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67561,3413],{"class":91},[1003,67563,67565],{"id":67564},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67567,67568,67570],{},[15,67569,54039],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67572,67573],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[46,67575,67577],{"className":48,"code":67576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67578,67579,67595,67619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67580,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67582,3395],{"class":61},[55,67584,66],{"class":65},[55,67586,3400],{"class":91},[55,67588,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67590,2764],{"class":91},[55,67592,2229],{"class":1210},[55,67594,3413],{"class":91},[55,67596,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67598,3427],{"class":61},[55,67600,92],{"class":91},[55,67602,53722],{"class":95},[55,67604,109],{"class":91},[55,67606,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67608,2764],{"class":91},[55,67610,3400],{"class":91},[55,67612,1829],{"class":1210},[55,67614,2764],{"class":91},[55,67616,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67618,3668],{"class":91},[55,67620,67621,67623,67625,67627],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,67622,106],{"class":105},[55,67624,109],{"class":91},[55,67626,3427],{"class":95},[55,67628,342],{"class":91},[20,67630,357],{},[46,67632,67634],{"className":48,"code":67633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67635,67636],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67637,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67639,3680],{"class":91},[55,67641,2761],{"class":1210},[55,67643,2764],{"class":91},[55,67645,3400],{"class":91},[55,67647,1829],{"class":1210},[55,67649,2764],{"class":91},[55,67651,2223],{"class":1210},[55,67653,17839],{"class":91},[55,67655,2229],{"class":1210},[55,67657,3413],{"class":91},[20,67659,67660,67661,92],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[166,67662,55291,67663,1573],{"href":53115},[15,67664,53217],{},[1003,67666,67668],{"id":67667},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67670,8654,67671,67673],{},[15,67672,54039],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[46,67675,67677],{"className":48,"code":67676,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67678,67679,67689,67703,67721,67735],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67680,67681,67683,67685,67687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67682,106],{"class":105},[55,67684,109],{"class":91},[55,67686,8121],{"class":95},[55,67688,342],{"class":91},[55,67690,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67692,106],{"class":105},[55,67694,109],{"class":91},[55,67696,10942],{"class":105},[55,67698,109],{"class":91},[55,67700,8121],{"class":95},[55,67702,1273],{"class":91},[55,67704,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,67706,106],{"class":105},[55,67708,109],{"class":91},[55,67710,8121],{"class":95},[55,67712,92],{"class":91},[55,67714,53722],{"class":1047},[55,67716,92],{"class":91},[55,67718,34219],{"class":375},[55,67720,342],{"class":91},[55,67722,67723,67725,67727,67729,67731,67733],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,67724,31925],{"class":105},[55,67726,109],{"class":91},[55,67728,7877],{"class":1265},[55,67730,92],{"class":91},[55,67732,53722],{"class":1047},[55,67734,342],{"class":91},[55,67736,67737,67739,67741,67743],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,67738,1266],{"class":1265},[55,67740,109],{"class":91},[55,67742,8121],{"class":95},[55,67744,342],{"class":91},[20,67746,67747],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67749,67750,67753,67756,67759],{},[33,67751,67752],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67754,67755],{},"How long the list is",[33,67757,67758],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67760,67761],{},"How Python describes the method",[131,67763,4744,67765],{"id":67764},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67766,54039],{},[20,67768,1866,67769,67771],{},[15,67770,54039],{}," when position matters.",[20,67773,36196],{},[30,67775,67776,67779,67782,67785],{},[33,67777,67778],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67780,67781],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67783,67784],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67786,67787],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67789,67790,67791,67793,67794,67796,67797,67799],{},"You usually do ",[123,67792,902],{}," need ",[15,67795,54039],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67798,52423],{}," is simpler.",[20,67801,67802,67803,92],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[166,67804,56926],{"href":56925},[131,67806,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,67808,1581,67810,55240],{"id":67809},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67811,53682],{},[20,67813,67814,67815,92],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67816,3556],{},[1003,67818,67820],{"id":67819},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67822,67823],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1003,67825,4953,67827,67829],{"id":67826},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67828,53682],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67831,67832,67833,67835],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67834,53217],{}," or slicing.",[1003,67837,1626,67839,1377,67841,1631],{"id":67838},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67840,54039],{},[15,67842,52423],{},[20,67844,67845,67847,67848,67850],{},[15,67846,54039],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67849,52423],{}," adds only at the end.",[131,67852,1643],{"id":1642},[30,67854,67855,67861,67867,67871,67875,67879],{},[33,67856,67857],{},[166,67858,55291,67859,1573],{"href":56540},[15,67860,52423],{},[33,67862,67863],{},[166,67864,55291,67865,1573],{"href":53115},[15,67866,53217],{},[33,67868,67869],{},[166,67870,54049],{"href":52819},[33,67872,67873],{},[166,67874,52542],{"href":50749},[33,67876,67877],{},[166,67878,57000],{"href":56925},[33,67880,67881],{},[166,67882,30119,67883,33406],{"href":54067},[15,67884,67885],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1696,67887,67888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":67890},[67891,67893,67894,67895,67901,67908,67917,67919,67928],{"id":66076,"depth":80,"text":67892},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5214,"depth":80,"text":5215},{"id":5571,"depth":80,"text":5572},{"id":66448,"depth":80,"text":66449,"children":67896},[67897,67898,67899,67900],{"id":66460,"depth":102,"text":66461},{"id":66551,"depth":102,"text":66552},{"id":66637,"depth":102,"text":66638},{"id":66723,"depth":102,"text":66724},{"id":66853,"depth":80,"text":67902,"children":67903},"insert() vs append()",[67904,67906],{"id":66863,"depth":102,"text":67905},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66876,"depth":102,"text":67907},"Use append() when:",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":67909},[67910,67912,67913,67915,67916],{"id":67077,"depth":102,"text":67911},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67247,"depth":102,"text":67248},{"id":67398,"depth":102,"text":67914},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67564,"depth":102,"text":67565},{"id":67667,"depth":102,"text":67668},{"id":67764,"depth":80,"text":67918},"When to use insert()",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":67920},[67921,67923,67924,67926],{"id":67809,"depth":102,"text":67922},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67819,"depth":102,"text":67820},{"id":67826,"depth":102,"text":67925},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67838,"depth":102,"text":67927},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65986,"description":67929},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67936,"title":67937,"body":67938,"description":69493,"extension":1733,"meta":69494,"navigation":248,"path":58745,"seo":69495,"stem":69496,"__hash__":69497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67939,"toc":69466},[67940,67946,67955,68004,68006,68014,68020,68022,68040,68046,68051,68054,68057,68072,68074,68126,68128,68136,68144,68151,68153,68159,68224,68226,68234,68236,68255,68258,68309,68313,68318,68345,68347,68355,68358,68427,68429,68444,68450,68454,68463,68466,68521,68523,68531,68534,68536,68581,68583,68591,68597,68599,68607,68610,68612,68651,68653,68692,68697,68699,68701,68736,68739,68741,68779,68783,68789,68791,68842,68844,68852,68859,68862,68883,68886,68941,68952,68954,69015,69017,69026,69033,69039,69042,69045,69102,69105,69118,69125,69131,69137,69139,69152,69155,69252,69254,69271,69274,69356,69358,69380,69387,69393,69395,69399,69405,69411,69416,69420,69423,69429,69436,69438,69463],[10,67941,67943,67944,115],{"id":67942},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67945,10942],{},[20,67947,67948,67949,67951,67952,67954],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67950,42134],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67953,42134],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[46,67956,67958],{"className":48,"code":67957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67959,67960,67980,67994],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67961,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67963,3395],{"class":61},[55,67965,66],{"class":65},[55,67967,3400],{"class":91},[55,67969,2101],{"class":1210},[55,67971,2764],{"class":91},[55,67973,7574],{"class":1210},[55,67975,2764],{"class":91},[55,67977,7579],{"class":1210},[55,67979,3413],{"class":91},[55,67981,67982,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,67983,41015],{"class":61},[55,67985,66],{"class":65},[55,67987,38158],{"class":105},[55,67989,109],{"class":91},[55,67991,3427],{"class":95},[55,67993,342],{"class":91},[55,67995,67996,67998,68000,68002],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,67997,106],{"class":105},[55,67999,109],{"class":91},[55,68001,41033],{"class":95},[55,68003,342],{"class":91},[20,68005,357],{},[46,68007,68008],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68009,68010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68011,68012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68013,46387],{"class":1210},[20,68015,1866,68016,68019],{},[15,68017,68018],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[131,68021,14943],{"id":14942},[30,68023,68024,68029,68034,68037],{},[33,68025,3980,68026,68028],{},[15,68027,42134],{}," works with Python lists",[33,68030,68031,68032,11485],{},"What value ",[15,68033,42134],{},[33,68035,68036],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,68038,68039],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[131,68041,134,68043,68045],{"id":68042},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68044,42134],{}," returns for a list",[20,68047,68048,64858],{},[15,68049,68050],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68052,68053],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68055,68056],{},"A few important points:",[30,68058,68059,68062,68067],{},[33,68060,68061],{},"It counts list items",[33,68063,40679,68064,68066],{},[123,68065,902],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,68068,68069,68070],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68071,1894],{},[20,68073,214],{},[46,68075,68077],{"className":48,"code":68076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68078,68079,68112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68080,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68100,68102,68104,68106,68108,68110],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68082,3851],{"class":61},[55,68084,66],{"class":65},[55,68086,3400],{"class":91},[55,68088,228],{"class":69},[55,68090,36818],{"class":73},[55,68092,228],{"class":69},[55,68094,2764],{"class":91},[55,68096,70],{"class":69},[55,68098,68099],{"class":73},"elephant",[55,68101,228],{"class":69},[55,68103,2764],{"class":91},[55,68105,70],{"class":69},[55,68107,57899],{"class":73},[55,68109,228],{"class":69},[55,68111,3413],{"class":91},[55,68113,68114,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68115,106],{"class":105},[55,68117,109],{"class":91},[55,68119,10942],{"class":105},[55,68121,109],{"class":91},[55,68123,3895],{"class":95},[55,68125,1273],{"class":91},[20,68127,357],{},[46,68129,68130],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68131,68132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68133,68134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68135,46387],{"class":1210},[20,68137,20756,68138,68141,68142,64865],{},[15,68139,68140],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[123,68143,52427],{},[20,68145,68146,68147,92],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[166,68148,1686,68149,1689],{"href":42131},[15,68150,42134],{},[131,68152,5572],{"id":5571},[20,68154,68155,68156,68158],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68157,42134],{},", and print the result.",[46,68160,68162],{"className":48,"code":68161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68163,68164,68196,68210,68214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68165,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190,68192,68194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68167,12855],{"class":61},[55,68169,66],{"class":65},[55,68171,3400],{"class":91},[55,68173,228],{"class":69},[55,68175,12872],{"class":73},[55,68177,228],{"class":69},[55,68179,2764],{"class":91},[55,68181,70],{"class":69},[55,68183,17232],{"class":73},[55,68185,228],{"class":69},[55,68187,2764],{"class":91},[55,68189,70],{"class":69},[55,68191,705],{"class":73},[55,68193,228],{"class":69},[55,68195,3413],{"class":91},[55,68197,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68208],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68199,41015],{"class":61},[55,68201,66],{"class":65},[55,68203,38158],{"class":105},[55,68205,109],{"class":91},[55,68207,17279],{"class":95},[55,68209,342],{"class":91},[55,68211,68212],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,68213,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,68215,68216,68218,68220,68222],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,68217,106],{"class":105},[55,68219,109],{"class":91},[55,68221,41033],{"class":95},[55,68223,342],{"class":91},[20,68225,357],{},[46,68227,68228],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68229,68230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68231,68232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68233,46387],{"class":1210},[20,68235,11463],{},[30,68237,68238,68243,68250],{},[33,68239,68240,68242],{},[15,68241,17279],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68244,68245,2168,68248],{},[15,68246,68247],{},"len(colors)",[15,68249,1835],{},[33,68251,68252,68253],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68254,41033],{},[20,68256,68257],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[46,68259,68261],{"className":48,"code":68260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68262,68263,68295],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68264,68265,68267,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68266,12855],{"class":61},[55,68268,66],{"class":65},[55,68270,3400],{"class":91},[55,68272,228],{"class":69},[55,68274,12872],{"class":73},[55,68276,228],{"class":69},[55,68278,2764],{"class":91},[55,68280,70],{"class":69},[55,68282,17232],{"class":73},[55,68284,228],{"class":69},[55,68286,2764],{"class":91},[55,68288,70],{"class":69},[55,68290,705],{"class":73},[55,68292,228],{"class":69},[55,68294,3413],{"class":91},[55,68296,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68298,106],{"class":105},[55,68300,109],{"class":91},[55,68302,10942],{"class":105},[55,68304,109],{"class":91},[55,68306,17279],{"class":95},[55,68308,1273],{"class":91},[131,68310,68312],{"id":68311},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68314,68315,68316,92],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68317,1894],{},[46,68319,68321],{"className":48,"code":68320,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68322,68323,68331],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68324,68325,68327,68329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68326,7563],{"class":61},[55,68328,66],{"class":65},[55,68330,7623],{"class":91},[55,68332,68333,68335,68337,68339,68341,68343],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68334,106],{"class":105},[55,68336,109],{"class":91},[55,68338,10942],{"class":105},[55,68340,109],{"class":91},[55,68342,7594],{"class":95},[55,68344,1273],{"class":91},[20,68346,357],{},[46,68348,68349],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68350,68351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68352,68353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68354,47022],{"class":1210},[20,68356,68357],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[46,68359,68361],{"className":48,"code":68360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68362,68363,68371,68375,68393,68407,68413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68364,68365,68367,68369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68366,7563],{"class":61},[55,68368,66],{"class":65},[55,68370,7623],{"class":91},[55,68372,68373],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68374,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,68376,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,68378,488],{"class":487},[55,68380,38158],{"class":105},[55,68382,109],{"class":91},[55,68384,7594],{"class":95},[55,68386,115],{"class":91},[55,68388,38168],{"class":65},[55,68390,3612],{"class":1210},[55,68392,511],{"class":91},[55,68394,68395,68397,68399,68401,68403,68405],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,68396,516],{"class":105},[55,68398,109],{"class":91},[55,68400,7594],{"class":95},[55,68402,3680],{"class":91},[55,68404,1894],{"class":1210},[55,68406,3668],{"class":91},[55,68408,68409,68411],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,68410,610],{"class":487},[55,68412,511],{"class":91},[55,68414,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,68416,516],{"class":105},[55,68418,109],{"class":91},[55,68420,228],{"class":69},[55,68422,51586],{"class":73},[55,68424,228],{"class":69},[55,68426,342],{"class":91},[20,68428,357],{},[46,68430,68432],{"className":48,"code":68431,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The list is empty\n",[15,68433,68434],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68435,68436,68438,68440,68442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68437,1750],{"class":61},[55,68439,7877],{"class":1265},[55,68441,7880],{"class":65},[55,68443,7886],{"class":61},[20,68445,68446,68447,68449],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[166,68448,52542],{"href":50749}," is a good next step.",[131,68451,68453],{"id":68452},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68455,68456,68458,68459,68462],{},[15,68457,42134],{}," counts only the ",[123,68460,68461],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68464,68465],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[46,68467,68469],{"className":48,"code":68468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68470,68471,68507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68472,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68474,8945],{"class":61},[55,68476,66],{"class":65},[55,68478,56065],{"class":91},[55,68480,2761],{"class":1210},[55,68482,2764],{"class":91},[55,68484,2767],{"class":1210},[55,68486,17839],{"class":91},[55,68488,3400],{"class":91},[55,68490,1835],{"class":1210},[55,68492,2764],{"class":91},[55,68494,2229],{"class":1210},[55,68496,17839],{"class":91},[55,68498,3400],{"class":91},[55,68500,1911],{"class":1210},[55,68502,2764],{"class":91},[55,68504,37415],{"class":1210},[55,68506,53013],{"class":91},[55,68508,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68510,106],{"class":105},[55,68512,109],{"class":91},[55,68514,10942],{"class":105},[55,68516,109],{"class":91},[55,68518,8984],{"class":95},[55,68520,1273],{"class":91},[20,68522,357],{},[46,68524,68525],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68526,68527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68528,68529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68530,46387],{"class":1210},[20,68532,68533],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68535,51850],{},[46,68537,68539],{"className":48,"code":68538,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68540,68541,68567],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68542,68543,68545,68547,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68544,59245],{"class":61},[55,68546,66],{"class":65},[55,68548,3400],{"class":91},[55,68550,2761],{"class":1210},[55,68552,2764],{"class":91},[55,68554,3400],{"class":91},[55,68556,1829],{"class":1210},[55,68558,2764],{"class":91},[55,68560,2223],{"class":1210},[55,68562,17839],{"class":91},[55,68564,2229],{"class":1210},[55,68566,3413],{"class":91},[55,68568,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68570,106],{"class":105},[55,68572,109],{"class":91},[55,68574,10942],{"class":105},[55,68576,109],{"class":91},[55,68578,59298],{"class":95},[55,68580,1273],{"class":91},[20,68582,357],{},[46,68584,68585],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68586,68587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68588,68589],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68590,46387],{"class":1210},[20,68592,20756,68593,68596],{},[15,68594,68595],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[131,68598,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,68600,1185,68602,1012,68605],{"id":68601},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68603,68604],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68606,68050],{},[20,68608,68609],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68611,1017],{},[46,68613,68615],{"className":48,"code":68614,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68616,68617,68637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68618,68619,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68620,3395],{"class":61},[55,68622,66],{"class":65},[55,68624,3400],{"class":91},[55,68626,2101],{"class":1210},[55,68628,2764],{"class":91},[55,68630,7574],{"class":1210},[55,68632,2764],{"class":91},[55,68634,7579],{"class":1210},[55,68636,3413],{"class":91},[55,68638,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68640,106],{"class":105},[55,68642,109],{"class":91},[55,68644,3427],{"class":95},[55,68646,92],{"class":91},[55,68648,10942],{"class":95},[55,68650,1087],{"class":91},[20,68652,1055],{},[46,68654,68656],{"className":48,"code":68655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68657,68658,68678],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68659,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68661,3395],{"class":61},[55,68663,66],{"class":65},[55,68665,3400],{"class":91},[55,68667,2101],{"class":1210},[55,68669,2764],{"class":91},[55,68671,7574],{"class":1210},[55,68673,2764],{"class":91},[55,68675,7579],{"class":1210},[55,68677,3413],{"class":91},[55,68679,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68681,106],{"class":105},[55,68683,109],{"class":91},[55,68685,10942],{"class":105},[55,68687,109],{"class":91},[55,68689,3427],{"class":95},[55,68691,1273],{"class":91},[20,68693,68694,68696],{},[15,68695,42134],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1003,68698,1006],{"id":1005},[20,68700,1017],{},[46,68702,68704],{"className":48,"code":68703,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68705,68706,68726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68707,68708,68710,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68709,3395],{"class":61},[55,68711,66],{"class":65},[55,68713,3400],{"class":91},[55,68715,2101],{"class":1210},[55,68717,2764],{"class":91},[55,68719,7574],{"class":1210},[55,68721,2764],{"class":91},[55,68723,7579],{"class":1210},[55,68725,3413],{"class":91},[55,68727,68728,68730,68732,68734],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68729,106],{"class":105},[55,68731,109],{"class":91},[55,68733,10942],{"class":105},[55,68735,342],{"class":91},[20,68737,68738],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68740,1055],{},[46,68742,68743],{"className":48,"code":68655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68744,68745,68765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68746,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68748,3395],{"class":61},[55,68750,66],{"class":65},[55,68752,3400],{"class":91},[55,68754,2101],{"class":1210},[55,68756,2764],{"class":91},[55,68758,7574],{"class":1210},[55,68760,2764],{"class":91},[55,68762,7579],{"class":1210},[55,68764,3413],{"class":91},[55,68766,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68768,106],{"class":105},[55,68770,109],{"class":91},[55,68772,10942],{"class":105},[55,68774,109],{"class":91},[55,68776,3427],{"class":95},[55,68778,1273],{"class":91},[1003,68780,68782],{"id":68781},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68784,68785,68786,68788],{},"The length of a list is ",[123,68787,902],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68790,214],{},[46,68792,68794],{"className":48,"code":68793,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68795,68796,68828],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68797,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68799,35860],{"class":61},[55,68801,66],{"class":65},[55,68803,3400],{"class":91},[55,68805,228],{"class":69},[55,68807,166],{"class":73},[55,68809,228],{"class":69},[55,68811,2764],{"class":91},[55,68813,70],{"class":69},[55,68815,4543],{"class":73},[55,68817,228],{"class":69},[55,68819,2764],{"class":91},[55,68821,70],{"class":69},[55,68823,9520],{"class":73},[55,68825,228],{"class":69},[55,68827,3413],{"class":91},[55,68829,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68831,106],{"class":105},[55,68833,109],{"class":91},[55,68835,10942],{"class":105},[55,68837,109],{"class":91},[55,68839,35913],{"class":95},[55,68841,1273],{"class":91},[20,68843,357],{},[46,68845,68846],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,68847,68848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68849,68850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68851,46387],{"class":1210},[20,68853,68854,68855,18741,68857,92],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68856,1829],{},[15,68858,1835],{},[20,68860,68861],{},"Indexes are:",[30,68863,68864,68871,68877],{},[33,68865,68866,68868,68869],{},[15,68867,1894],{}," for ",[15,68870,17873],{},[33,68872,68873,68868,68875],{},[15,68874,2761],{},[15,68876,65368],{},[33,68878,68879,68868,68881],{},[15,68880,1829],{},[15,68882,66254],{},[20,68884,68885],{},"So this causes an error:",[46,68887,68889],{"className":48,"code":68888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68890,68891,68923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68892,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68894,35860],{"class":61},[55,68896,66],{"class":65},[55,68898,3400],{"class":91},[55,68900,228],{"class":69},[55,68902,166],{"class":73},[55,68904,228],{"class":69},[55,68906,2764],{"class":91},[55,68908,70],{"class":69},[55,68910,4543],{"class":73},[55,68912,228],{"class":69},[55,68914,2764],{"class":91},[55,68916,70],{"class":69},[55,68918,9520],{"class":73},[55,68920,228],{"class":69},[55,68922,3413],{"class":91},[55,68924,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68926,106],{"class":105},[55,68928,109],{"class":91},[55,68930,35913],{"class":95},[55,68932,3680],{"class":91},[55,68934,10942],{"class":105},[55,68936,109],{"class":91},[55,68938,35913],{"class":95},[55,68940,10460],{"class":91},[20,68942,8278,68943,4566,68946,68948,68949,68951],{},[15,68944,68945],{},"len(letters)",[15,68947,1835],{},", and index ",[15,68950,1835],{}," does not exist.",[20,68953,18618],{},[46,68955,68957],{"className":48,"code":68956,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68958,68959,68991],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68960,68961,68963,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68962,35860],{"class":61},[55,68964,66],{"class":65},[55,68966,3400],{"class":91},[55,68968,228],{"class":69},[55,68970,166],{"class":73},[55,68972,228],{"class":69},[55,68974,2764],{"class":91},[55,68976,70],{"class":69},[55,68978,4543],{"class":73},[55,68980,228],{"class":69},[55,68982,2764],{"class":91},[55,68984,70],{"class":69},[55,68986,9520],{"class":73},[55,68988,228],{"class":69},[55,68990,3413],{"class":91},[55,68992,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,68994,106],{"class":105},[55,68996,109],{"class":91},[55,68998,35913],{"class":95},[55,69000,3680],{"class":91},[55,69002,10942],{"class":105},[55,69004,109],{"class":91},[55,69006,35913],{"class":95},[55,69008,115],{"class":91},[55,69010,1995],{"class":65},[55,69012,5282],{"class":1210},[55,69014,3668],{"class":91},[20,69016,357],{},[46,69018,69020],{"className":48,"code":69019,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"c\n",[15,69021,69022],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69023,69024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69025,69019],{"class":61},[20,69027,69028,69029,92],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[166,69030,69032],{"href":69031},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1003,69034,1185,69036,69038],{"id":69035},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69037,42134],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69040,69041],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69043,69044],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[46,69046,69048],{"className":48,"code":69047,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69049,69050,69060,69074,69088],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69051,69052,69054,69056,69058],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69053,106],{"class":105},[55,69055,109],{"class":91},[55,69057,8121],{"class":95},[55,69059,342],{"class":91},[55,69061,69062,69064,69066,69068,69070,69072],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69063,106],{"class":105},[55,69065,109],{"class":91},[55,69067,10942],{"class":105},[55,69069,109],{"class":91},[55,69071,8121],{"class":95},[55,69073,1273],{"class":91},[55,69075,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69077,106],{"class":105},[55,69079,109],{"class":91},[55,69081,1266],{"class":1265},[55,69083,109],{"class":91},[55,69085,8121],{"class":95},[55,69087,1273],{"class":91},[55,69089,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,69091,106],{"class":105},[55,69093,109],{"class":91},[55,69095,8121],{"class":95},[55,69097,3680],{"class":91},[55,69099,1894],{"class":1210},[55,69101,3668],{"class":91},[20,69103,69104],{},"These help you verify:",[30,69106,69107,69110,69112,69115],{},[33,69108,69109],{},"what the variable contains",[33,69111,60557],{},[33,69113,69114],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,69116,69117],{},"what the first item is",[20,69119,69120,69121,69124],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69122,69123],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[131,69126,4744,69128,69130],{"id":69127},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69129,42134],{}," with lists",[20,69132,69133,69134,69136],{},"You will often use ",[15,69135,42134],{}," in real programs.",[20,69138,9154],{},[30,69140,69141,69143,69146,69149],{},[33,69142,51540],{},[33,69144,69145],{},"Control loops",[33,69147,69148],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69150,69151],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69153,69154],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[46,69156,69158],{"className":48,"code":69157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69159,69160,69180,69196,69200,69214,69228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69161,69162,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69163,2327],{"class":61},[55,69165,66],{"class":65},[55,69167,3400],{"class":91},[55,69169,2761],{"class":1210},[55,69171,2764],{"class":91},[55,69173,2767],{"class":1210},[55,69175,2764],{"class":91},[55,69177,2223],{"class":1210},[55,69179,3413],{"class":91},[55,69181,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69183,2355],{"class":61},[55,69185,66],{"class":65},[55,69187,3400],{"class":91},[55,69189,2101],{"class":1210},[55,69191,2764],{"class":91},[55,69193,7574],{"class":1210},[55,69195,3413],{"class":91},[55,69197,69198],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69199,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69201,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,69203,106],{"class":105},[55,69205,109],{"class":91},[55,69207,10942],{"class":105},[55,69209,109],{"class":91},[55,69211,166],{"class":95},[55,69213,1273],{"class":91},[55,69215,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,69217,106],{"class":105},[55,69219,109],{"class":91},[55,69221,10942],{"class":105},[55,69223,109],{"class":91},[55,69225,4543],{"class":95},[55,69227,1273],{"class":91},[55,69229,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,69231,106],{"class":105},[55,69233,109],{"class":91},[55,69235,10942],{"class":105},[55,69237,109],{"class":91},[55,69239,166],{"class":95},[55,69241,115],{"class":91},[55,69243,38168],{"class":65},[55,69245,38158],{"class":105},[55,69247,109],{"class":91},[55,69249,4543],{"class":95},[55,69251,1273],{"class":91},[20,69253,357],{},[46,69255,69257],{"className":48,"code":69256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69258,69259,69263,69267],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69260,69261],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69262,46387],{"class":1210},[55,69264,69265],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69266,16834],{"class":1210},[55,69268,69269],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69270,3760],{"class":3631},[20,69272,69273],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[46,69275,69277],{"className":48,"code":69276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69278,69279,69311,69315,69337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69280,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69282,4778],{"class":61},[55,69284,66],{"class":65},[55,69286,3400],{"class":91},[55,69288,228],{"class":69},[55,69290,12660],{"class":73},[55,69292,228],{"class":69},[55,69294,2764],{"class":91},[55,69296,70],{"class":69},[55,69298,35711],{"class":73},[55,69300,228],{"class":69},[55,69302,2764],{"class":91},[55,69304,70],{"class":69},[55,69306,35720],{"class":73},[55,69308,228],{"class":69},[55,69310,3413],{"class":91},[55,69312,69313],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69314,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69316,69317,69319,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69318,5743],{"class":487},[55,69320,69321],{"class":61}," i ",[55,69323,3662],{"class":487},[55,69325,53841],{"class":105},[55,69327,109],{"class":91},[55,69329,10942],{"class":105},[55,69331,109],{"class":91},[55,69333,4822],{"class":95},[55,69335,69336],{"class":91},")):\n",[55,69338,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69350,69352,69354],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,69340,516],{"class":105},[55,69342,109],{"class":91},[55,69344,35924],{"class":95},[55,69346,2764],{"class":91},[55,69348,69349],{"class":95}," names",[55,69351,3680],{"class":91},[55,69353,35924],{"class":95},[55,69355,3668],{"class":91},[20,69357,357],{},[46,69359,69360],{"className":48,"code":35768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,69361,69362,69368,69374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69363,69364,69366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69365,1894],{"class":1210},[55,69367,35777],{"class":61},[55,69369,69370,69372],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69371,2761],{"class":1210},[55,69373,35784],{"class":61},[55,69375,69376,69378],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69377,1829],{"class":1210},[55,69379,35791],{"class":61},[20,69381,69382,69383,92],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[166,69384,69386],{"href":69385},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69388,69389,69390,69392],{},"You can also read ",[166,69391,51317],{"href":51316}," for a task-focused guide.",[131,69394,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,69396,69398],{"id":69397},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69400,1866,69401,69404],{},[15,69402,69403],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1003,69406,1603,69408,1606],{"id":69407},"what-does-len-return",[15,69409,69410],{},"len([])",[20,69412,4931,69413,69415],{},[15,69414,1894],{}," because the list is empty.",[1003,69417,69419],{"id":69418},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69421,69422],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1003,69424,1613,69426,69428],{"id":69425},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69427,68604],{}," in Python?",[20,69430,30042,69431,8005,69433,69435],{},[15,69432,68050],{},[15,69434,42134],{}," is a built-in function.",[131,69437,1643],{"id":1642},[30,69439,69440,69446,69450,69454,69458],{},[33,69441,69442],{},[166,69443,1686,69444,1689],{"href":42131},[15,69445,42134],{},[33,69447,69448],{},[166,69449,52361],{"href":51316},[33,69451,69452],{},[166,69453,52542],{"href":50749},[33,69455,69456],{},[166,69457,69032],{"href":69031},[33,69459,69460],{},[166,69461,69462],{"href":69385},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1696,69464,69465],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":69467},[69468,69469,69471,69472,69473,69474,69482,69484,69492],{"id":14942,"depth":80,"text":14943},{"id":68042,"depth":80,"text":69470},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5571,"depth":80,"text":5572},{"id":68311,"depth":80,"text":68312},{"id":68452,"depth":80,"text":68453},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":69475},[69476,69478,69479,69480],{"id":68601,"depth":102,"text":69477},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":1005,"depth":102,"text":1006},{"id":68781,"depth":102,"text":68782},{"id":69035,"depth":102,"text":69481},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69127,"depth":80,"text":69483},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":69485},[69486,69487,69489,69490],{"id":69397,"depth":102,"text":69398},{"id":69407,"depth":102,"text":69488},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69418,"depth":102,"text":69419},{"id":69425,"depth":102,"text":69491},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67937,"description":69493},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69499,"title":69500,"body":69501,"description":71483,"extension":1733,"meta":71484,"navigation":248,"path":71485,"seo":71486,"stem":71487,"__hash__":71488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69502,"toc":71456},[69503,69506,69511,69514,69522,69535,69537,69602,69604,69626,69631,69635,69640,69648,69650,69660,69662,69743,69745,69775,69777,69796,69801,69818,69820,69904,69906,69936,69941,69945,69951,70035,70037,70067,70070,70074,70077,70168,70170,70208,70211,70296,70298,70328,70334,70341,70345,70350,70359,70361,70446,70448,70477,70480,70488,70492,70496,70505,70528,70530,70552,70554,70568,70570,70630,70634,70639,70678,70680,70697,70699,70709,70808,70813,70817,70822,70865,70867,70895,70897,70911,70986,70988,71010,71014,71017,71022,71033,71038,71046,71049,71120,71122,71147,71204,71206,71227,71236,71244,71249,71251,71256,71277,71280,71355,71358,71372,71379,71381,71385,71391,71395,71405,71409,71416,71420,71426,71428,71453],[10,69504,69500],{"id":69505},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69507,69508,69510],{},[15,69509,54853],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69512,69513],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69515,69516,69519],{},[33,69517,69518],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69520,69521],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69523,69524,69525,69527,69528,8483,69530,69534],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69526,12542],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69529,12542],{},[166,69531,69532],{"href":54843},[15,69533,55300],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[131,69536,1775],{"id":1774},[46,69538,69540],{"className":48,"code":69539,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69541,69542,69562,69577,69581,69592],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69543,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69545,3395],{"class":61},[55,69547,66],{"class":65},[55,69549,3400],{"class":91},[55,69551,2101],{"class":1210},[55,69553,2764],{"class":91},[55,69555,7574],{"class":1210},[55,69557,2764],{"class":91},[55,69559,7579],{"class":1210},[55,69561,3413],{"class":91},[55,69563,69564,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69565,69566],{"class":61},"last_item ",[55,69568,66],{"class":65},[55,69570,4045],{"class":61},[55,69572,92],{"class":91},[55,69574,26014],{"class":95},[55,69576,99],{"class":91},[55,69578,69579],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69580,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69582,69583,69585,69587,69590],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,69584,106],{"class":105},[55,69586,109],{"class":91},[55,69588,69589],{"class":95},"last_item",[55,69591,342],{"class":91},[55,69593,69594,69596,69598,69600],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,69595,106],{"class":105},[55,69597,109],{"class":91},[55,69599,3427],{"class":95},[55,69601,342],{"class":91},[20,69603,357],{},[46,69605,69607],{"className":48,"code":69606,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69608,69609,69614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69610,69611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69612,69613],{"class":1210},"30\n",[55,69615,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69617,3680],{"class":91},[55,69619,2101],{"class":1210},[55,69621,2764],{"class":91},[55,69623,7574],{"class":1210},[55,69625,3413],{"class":91},[20,69627,1866,69628,69630],{},[15,69629,12542],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[131,69632,69634],{"id":69633},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69636,69637,69639],{},[15,69638,12542],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69641,69642,69645],{},[33,69643,69644],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69646,69647],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69649,200],{},[30,69651,69652,69655,69658],{},[33,69653,69654],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69656,69657],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69659,52516],{},[20,69661,214],{},[46,69663,69665],{"className":48,"code":69664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69666,69667,69699,69703,69718,69722,69733],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69668,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69670,12855],{"class":61},[55,69672,66],{"class":65},[55,69674,3400],{"class":91},[55,69676,228],{"class":69},[55,69678,12872],{"class":73},[55,69680,228],{"class":69},[55,69682,2764],{"class":91},[55,69684,70],{"class":69},[55,69686,17232],{"class":73},[55,69688,228],{"class":69},[55,69690,2764],{"class":91},[55,69692,70],{"class":69},[55,69694,705],{"class":73},[55,69696,228],{"class":69},[55,69698,3413],{"class":91},[55,69700,69701],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69702,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69704,69705,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69706,69707],{"class":61},"removed ",[55,69709,66],{"class":65},[55,69711,12902],{"class":61},[55,69713,92],{"class":91},[55,69715,26014],{"class":95},[55,69717,99],{"class":91},[55,69719,69720],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,69721,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69723,69724,69726,69728,69731],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,69725,106],{"class":105},[55,69727,109],{"class":91},[55,69729,69730],{"class":95},"removed",[55,69732,342],{"class":91},[55,69734,69735,69737,69739,69741],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,69736,106],{"class":105},[55,69738,109],{"class":91},[55,69740,17279],{"class":95},[55,69742,342],{"class":91},[20,69744,357],{},[46,69746,69748],{"className":48,"code":69747,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69749,69750,69755],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69751,69752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69753,69754],{"class":61},"blue\n",[55,69756,69757,69759,69761,69763,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69758,3680],{"class":91},[55,69760,3077],{"class":69},[55,69762,12872],{"class":73},[55,69764,3077],{"class":69},[55,69766,2764],{"class":91},[55,69768,3072],{"class":69},[55,69770,17232],{"class":73},[55,69772,3077],{"class":69},[55,69774,3413],{"class":91},[131,69776,178],{"id":177},[46,69778,69780],{"className":48,"code":69779,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69781,69782],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69783,69784,69786,69788,69790,69792,69794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69785,7877],{"class":1265},[55,69787,92],{"class":91},[55,69789,26014],{"class":95},[55,69791,2758],{"class":91},[55,69793,35617],{"class":95},[55,69795,3668],{"class":91},[20,69797,1750,69798,69800],{},[15,69799,35617],{}," is optional.",[30,69802,69803,69809,69815],{},[33,69804,69805,69806,69808],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69807,12542],{}," removes the last item",[33,69810,69811,69812,69814],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69813,12542],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69816,69817],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69819,214],{},[46,69821,69823],{"className":48,"code":69822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69824,69825,69857,69861,69880,69884,69894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69826,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69828,35860],{"class":61},[55,69830,66],{"class":65},[55,69832,3400],{"class":91},[55,69834,228],{"class":69},[55,69836,166],{"class":73},[55,69838,228],{"class":69},[55,69840,2764],{"class":91},[55,69842,70],{"class":69},[55,69844,4543],{"class":73},[55,69846,228],{"class":69},[55,69848,2764],{"class":91},[55,69850,70],{"class":69},[55,69852,9520],{"class":73},[55,69854,228],{"class":69},[55,69856,3413],{"class":91},[55,69858,69859],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69860,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69862,69863,69865,69867,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69864,28310],{"class":61},[55,69866,66],{"class":65},[55,69868,69869],{"class":61}," letters",[55,69871,92],{"class":91},[55,69873,26014],{"class":95},[55,69875,109],{"class":91},[55,69877,2761],{"class":1210},[55,69879,342],{"class":91},[55,69881,69882],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,69883,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69885,69886,69888,69890,69892],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,69887,106],{"class":105},[55,69889,109],{"class":91},[55,69891,23087],{"class":95},[55,69893,342],{"class":91},[55,69895,69896,69898,69900,69902],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,69897,106],{"class":105},[55,69899,109],{"class":91},[55,69901,35913],{"class":95},[55,69903,342],{"class":91},[20,69905,357],{},[46,69907,69909],{"className":48,"code":69908,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69910,69911,69916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69912,69913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69914,69915],{"class":61},"b\n",[55,69917,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69919,3680],{"class":91},[55,69921,3077],{"class":69},[55,69923,166],{"class":73},[55,69925,3077],{"class":69},[55,69927,2764],{"class":91},[55,69929,3072],{"class":69},[55,69931,9520],{"class":73},[55,69933,3077],{"class":69},[55,69935,3413],{"class":91},[20,69937,69938,69939,92],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[166,69940,52542],{"href":50749},[131,69942,69944],{"id":69943},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69946,69947,69948,69950],{},"When you call ",[15,69949,12542],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[46,69952,69954],{"className":48,"code":69953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69955,69956,69991,69995,70010,70014,70025],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69957,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69969,69971,69973,69975,69978,69980,69982,69984,69987,69989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69959,29669],{"class":61},[55,69961,66],{"class":65},[55,69963,3400],{"class":91},[55,69965,228],{"class":69},[55,69967,69968],{"class":73},"write",[55,69970,228],{"class":69},[55,69972,2764],{"class":91},[55,69974,70],{"class":69},[55,69976,69977],{"class":73},"test",[55,69979,228],{"class":69},[55,69981,2764],{"class":91},[55,69983,70],{"class":69},[55,69985,69986],{"class":73},"submit",[55,69988,228],{"class":69},[55,69990,3413],{"class":91},[55,69992,69993],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,69994,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,69996,69997,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,69998,69999],{"class":61},"last_task ",[55,70001,66],{"class":65},[55,70003,29747],{"class":61},[55,70005,92],{"class":91},[55,70007,26014],{"class":95},[55,70009,99],{"class":91},[55,70011,70012],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,70013,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70015,70016,70018,70020,70023],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,70017,106],{"class":105},[55,70019,109],{"class":91},[55,70021,70022],{"class":95},"last_task",[55,70024,342],{"class":91},[55,70026,70027,70029,70031,70033],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,70028,106],{"class":105},[55,70030,109],{"class":91},[55,70032,36276],{"class":95},[55,70034,342],{"class":91},[20,70036,357],{},[46,70038,70040],{"className":48,"code":70039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70041,70042,70047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70043,70044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70045,70046],{"class":61},"submit\n",[55,70048,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70050,3680],{"class":91},[55,70052,3077],{"class":69},[55,70054,69968],{"class":73},[55,70056,3077],{"class":69},[55,70058,2764],{"class":91},[55,70060,3072],{"class":69},[55,70062,69977],{"class":73},[55,70064,3077],{"class":69},[55,70066,3413],{"class":91},[20,70068,70069],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[131,70071,70073],{"id":70072},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70075,70076],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[46,70078,70080],{"className":48,"code":70079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70081,70082,70122,70126,70144,70148,70158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70083,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70085,36009],{"class":61},[55,70087,66],{"class":65},[55,70089,3400],{"class":91},[55,70091,228],{"class":69},[55,70093,3860],{"class":73},[55,70095,228],{"class":69},[55,70097,2764],{"class":91},[55,70099,70],{"class":69},[55,70101,3869],{"class":73},[55,70103,228],{"class":69},[55,70105,2764],{"class":91},[55,70107,70],{"class":69},[55,70109,3878],{"class":73},[55,70111,228],{"class":69},[55,70113,2764],{"class":91},[55,70115,70],{"class":69},[55,70117,32994],{"class":73},[55,70119,228],{"class":69},[55,70121,3413],{"class":91},[55,70123,70124],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70125,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70127,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,70129,69707],{"class":61},[55,70131,66],{"class":65},[55,70133,52622],{"class":61},[55,70135,92],{"class":91},[55,70137,26014],{"class":95},[55,70139,109],{"class":91},[55,70141,2761],{"class":1210},[55,70143,342],{"class":91},[55,70145,70146],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,70147,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70149,70150,70152,70154,70156],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,70151,106],{"class":105},[55,70153,109],{"class":91},[55,70155,69730],{"class":95},[55,70157,342],{"class":91},[55,70159,70160,70162,70164,70166],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,70161,106],{"class":105},[55,70163,109],{"class":91},[55,70165,36061],{"class":95},[55,70167,342],{"class":91},[20,70169,357],{},[46,70171,70173],{"className":48,"code":70172,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70174,70175,70180],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70176,70177],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70178,70179],{"class":61},"banana\n",[55,70181,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70183,3680],{"class":91},[55,70185,3077],{"class":69},[55,70187,3860],{"class":73},[55,70189,3077],{"class":69},[55,70191,2764],{"class":91},[55,70193,3072],{"class":69},[55,70195,3878],{"class":73},[55,70197,3077],{"class":69},[55,70199,2764],{"class":91},[55,70201,3072],{"class":69},[55,70203,32994],{"class":73},[55,70205,3077],{"class":69},[55,70207,3413],{"class":91},[20,70209,70210],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[46,70212,70214],{"className":48,"code":70213,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70215,70216,70248,70252,70272,70276,70286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70217,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70219,36009],{"class":61},[55,70221,66],{"class":65},[55,70223,3400],{"class":91},[55,70225,228],{"class":69},[55,70227,3860],{"class":73},[55,70229,228],{"class":69},[55,70231,2764],{"class":91},[55,70233,70],{"class":69},[55,70235,3869],{"class":73},[55,70237,228],{"class":69},[55,70239,2764],{"class":91},[55,70241,70],{"class":69},[55,70243,3878],{"class":73},[55,70245,228],{"class":69},[55,70247,3413],{"class":91},[55,70249,70250],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70251,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70253,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,70255,69707],{"class":61},[55,70257,66],{"class":65},[55,70259,52622],{"class":61},[55,70261,92],{"class":91},[55,70263,26014],{"class":95},[55,70265,109],{"class":91},[55,70267,1794],{"class":65},[55,70269,2761],{"class":1210},[55,70271,342],{"class":91},[55,70273,70274],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,70275,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70277,70278,70280,70282,70284],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,70279,106],{"class":105},[55,70281,109],{"class":91},[55,70283,69730],{"class":95},[55,70285,342],{"class":91},[55,70287,70288,70290,70292,70294],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,70289,106],{"class":105},[55,70291,109],{"class":91},[55,70293,36061],{"class":95},[55,70295,342],{"class":91},[20,70297,357],{},[46,70299,70301],{"className":48,"code":70300,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70302,70303,70308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70304,70305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70306,70307],{"class":61},"cherry\n",[55,70309,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70311,3680],{"class":91},[55,70313,3077],{"class":69},[55,70315,3860],{"class":73},[55,70317,3077],{"class":69},[55,70319,2764],{"class":91},[55,70321,3072],{"class":69},[55,70323,3869],{"class":73},[55,70325,3077],{"class":69},[55,70327,3413],{"class":91},[20,70329,70330,70331,70333],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70332,65627],{}," means the last item.",[20,70335,70336,70337,92],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[166,70338,70339,1573],{"href":58737},[15,70340,64638],{},[131,70342,70344],{"id":70343},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70346,70347,70349],{},[15,70348,12542],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70351,70352,70353,1377,70355,92],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70354,12542],{},[166,70356,70357],{"href":54843},[15,70358,55300],{},[20,70360,214],{},[46,70362,70364],{"className":48,"code":70363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70365,70366,70398,70402,70421,70425,70436],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70367,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70369,4778],{"class":61},[55,70371,66],{"class":65},[55,70373,3400],{"class":91},[55,70375,228],{"class":69},[55,70377,12660],{"class":73},[55,70379,228],{"class":69},[55,70381,2764],{"class":91},[55,70383,70],{"class":69},[55,70385,35711],{"class":73},[55,70387,228],{"class":69},[55,70389,2764],{"class":91},[55,70391,70],{"class":69},[55,70393,35720],{"class":73},[55,70395,228],{"class":69},[55,70397,3413],{"class":91},[55,70399,70400],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70401,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70403,70404,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,70405,70406],{"class":61},"removed_name ",[55,70408,66],{"class":65},[55,70410,69349],{"class":61},[55,70412,92],{"class":91},[55,70414,26014],{"class":95},[55,70416,109],{"class":91},[55,70418,1894],{"class":1210},[55,70420,342],{"class":91},[55,70422,70423],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,70424,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70426,70427,70429,70431,70434],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,70428,106],{"class":105},[55,70430,109],{"class":91},[55,70432,70433],{"class":95},"removed_name",[55,70435,342],{"class":91},[55,70437,70438,70440,70442,70444],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,70439,106],{"class":105},[55,70441,109],{"class":91},[55,70443,4822],{"class":95},[55,70445,342],{"class":91},[20,70447,357],{},[46,70449,70451],{"className":48,"code":70450,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70452,70453,70457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70454,70455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70456,49811],{"class":61},[55,70458,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70460,3680],{"class":91},[55,70462,3077],{"class":69},[55,70464,35711],{"class":73},[55,70466,3077],{"class":69},[55,70468,2764],{"class":91},[55,70470,3072],{"class":69},[55,70472,35720],{"class":73},[55,70474,3077],{"class":69},[55,70476,3413],{"class":91},[20,70478,70479],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70481,70482,70483,70485,70486,92],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70484,55300],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70487,3556],{},[131,70489,70491],{"id":70490},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1003,70493,70495],{"id":70494},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70497,70498,70499,70501,70502,92],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70500,12542],{}," raises an ",[15,70503,70504],{},"IndexError",[46,70506,70508],{"className":48,"code":70507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70509,70510,70518],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70511,70512,70514,70516],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70513,7563],{"class":61},[55,70515,66],{"class":65},[55,70517,7623],{"class":91},[55,70519,70520,70522,70524,70526],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70521,7594],{"class":61},[55,70523,92],{"class":91},[55,70525,26014],{"class":95},[55,70527,99],{"class":91},[20,70529,357],{},[46,70531,70533],{"className":48,"code":70532,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70534,70535],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70536,70537,70539,70541,70544,70547,70550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70538,70504],{"class":1265},[55,70540,539],{"class":91},[55,70542,70543],{"class":61}," pop ",[55,70545,70546],{"class":487},"from",[55,70548,70549],{"class":61}," empty ",[55,70551,49657],{"class":1265},[20,70553,39034],{},[30,70555,70556,70561],{},[33,70557,70558,70559],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70560,12542],{},[33,70562,70563,70564,1377,70566],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70565,29575],{},[15,70567,29606],{},[20,70569,214],{},[46,70571,70573],{"className":48,"code":70572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70574,70575,70583,70587,70595,70609,70615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70576,70577,70579,70581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70578,7563],{"class":61},[55,70580,66],{"class":65},[55,70582,7623],{"class":91},[55,70584,70585],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70586,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70588,70589,70591,70593],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,70590,488],{"class":487},[55,70592,5751],{"class":61},[55,70594,511],{"class":91},[55,70596,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,70598,516],{"class":105},[55,70600,109],{"class":91},[55,70602,7594],{"class":95},[55,70604,92],{"class":91},[55,70606,26014],{"class":95},[55,70608,1087],{"class":91},[55,70610,70611,70613],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,70612,610],{"class":487},[55,70614,511],{"class":91},[55,70616,70617,70619,70621,70623,70626,70628],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,70618,516],{"class":105},[55,70620,109],{"class":91},[55,70622,228],{"class":69},[55,70624,70625],{"class":73},"The list is empty.",[55,70627,228],{"class":69},[55,70629,342],{"class":91},[1003,70631,70633],{"id":70632},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70635,70636,70637,92],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70638,70504],{},[46,70640,70642],{"className":48,"code":70641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70643,70644,70664],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70645,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70647,3395],{"class":61},[55,70649,66],{"class":65},[55,70651,3400],{"class":91},[55,70653,2101],{"class":1210},[55,70655,2764],{"class":91},[55,70657,7574],{"class":1210},[55,70659,2764],{"class":91},[55,70661,7579],{"class":1210},[55,70663,3413],{"class":91},[55,70665,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70667,3427],{"class":61},[55,70669,92],{"class":91},[55,70671,26014],{"class":95},[55,70673,109],{"class":91},[55,70675,1911],{"class":1210},[55,70677,342],{"class":91},[20,70679,357],{},[46,70681,70683],{"className":48,"code":70682,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70684,70685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70686,70687,70689,70691,70694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70688,70504],{"class":1265},[55,70690,539],{"class":91},[55,70692,70693],{"class":61}," pop index out of ",[55,70695,70696],{"class":105},"range\n",[20,70698,39034],{},[30,70700,70701,70706],{},[33,70702,70703,70704],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70705,42134],{},[33,70707,70708],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[46,70710,70712],{"className":48,"code":70711,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70713,70714,70734,70743,70747,70769,70787,70793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70715,70716,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70717,3395],{"class":61},[55,70719,66],{"class":65},[55,70721,3400],{"class":91},[55,70723,2101],{"class":1210},[55,70725,2764],{"class":91},[55,70727,7574],{"class":1210},[55,70729,2764],{"class":91},[55,70731,7579],{"class":1210},[55,70733,3413],{"class":91},[55,70735,70736,70739,70741],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70737,70738],{"class":61},"index ",[55,70740,66],{"class":65},[55,70742,45359],{"class":1210},[55,70744,70745],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,70746,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70748,70749,70751,70753,70756,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,70750,488],{"class":487},[55,70752,3612],{"class":1210},[55,70754,70755],{"class":65}," \u003C=",[55,70757,70758],{"class":61}," index ",[55,70760,3066],{"class":65},[55,70762,38158],{"class":105},[55,70764,109],{"class":91},[55,70766,3427],{"class":95},[55,70768,8124],{"class":91},[55,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,70772,516],{"class":105},[55,70774,109],{"class":91},[55,70776,3427],{"class":95},[55,70778,92],{"class":91},[55,70780,26014],{"class":95},[55,70782,109],{"class":91},[55,70784,35617],{"class":95},[55,70786,1273],{"class":91},[55,70788,70789,70791],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,70790,610],{"class":487},[55,70792,511],{"class":91},[55,70794,70795,70797,70799,70801,70804,70806],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,70796,516],{"class":105},[55,70798,109],{"class":91},[55,70800,228],{"class":69},[55,70802,70803],{"class":73},"Index is out of range.",[55,70805,228],{"class":69},[55,70807,342],{"class":91},[20,70809,70810,70811,92],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[166,70812,69032],{"href":69031},[1003,70814,70816],{"id":70815},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70818,70819,70821],{},[15,70820,12542],{}," expects an integer index.",[46,70823,70825],{"className":48,"code":70824,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70826,70827,70847],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70828,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70830,3395],{"class":61},[55,70832,66],{"class":65},[55,70834,3400],{"class":91},[55,70836,2101],{"class":1210},[55,70838,2764],{"class":91},[55,70840,7574],{"class":1210},[55,70842,2764],{"class":91},[55,70844,7579],{"class":1210},[55,70846,3413],{"class":91},[55,70848,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70850,3427],{"class":61},[55,70852,92],{"class":91},[55,70854,26014],{"class":95},[55,70856,109],{"class":91},[55,70858,228],{"class":69},[55,70860,2761],{"class":73},[55,70862,228],{"class":69},[55,70864,342],{"class":91},[20,70866,357],{},[46,70868,70870],{"className":48,"code":70869,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70871,70872],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70873,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70889,70892],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70875,2780],{"class":1265},[55,70877,539],{"class":91},[55,70879,3072],{"class":69},[55,70881,3220],{"class":73},[55,70883,3077],{"class":69},[55,70885,24392],{"class":1265},[55,70887,70888],{"class":61}," cannot be interpreted ",[55,70890,70891],{"class":487},"as",[55,70893,70894],{"class":61}," an integer\n",[20,70896,39034],{},[30,70898,70899,70908],{},[33,70900,70901,70902,1963,70904,1967,70906],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70903,1894],{},[15,70905,2761],{},[15,70907,65627],{},[33,70909,70910],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[46,70912,70914],{"className":48,"code":70913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70915,70916,70936,70954,70958,70976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70917,70918,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928,70930,70932,70934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70919,3395],{"class":61},[55,70921,66],{"class":65},[55,70923,3400],{"class":91},[55,70925,2101],{"class":1210},[55,70927,2764],{"class":91},[55,70929,7574],{"class":1210},[55,70931,2764],{"class":91},[55,70933,7579],{"class":1210},[55,70935,3413],{"class":91},[55,70937,70938,70940,70942,70944,70946,70948,70950,70952],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,70939,70738],{"class":61},[55,70941,66],{"class":65},[55,70943,45046],{"class":1265},[55,70945,109],{"class":91},[55,70947,228],{"class":69},[55,70949,2761],{"class":73},[55,70951,228],{"class":69},[55,70953,342],{"class":91},[55,70955,70956],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,70957,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,70959,70960,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,70961,106],{"class":105},[55,70963,109],{"class":91},[55,70965,3427],{"class":95},[55,70967,92],{"class":91},[55,70969,26014],{"class":95},[55,70971,109],{"class":91},[55,70973,35617],{"class":95},[55,70975,1273],{"class":91},[55,70977,70978,70980,70982,70984],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,70979,106],{"class":105},[55,70981,109],{"class":91},[55,70983,3427],{"class":95},[55,70985,342],{"class":91},[20,70987,357],{},[46,70989,70991],{"className":48,"code":70990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70992,70993,70998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70994,70995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70996,70997],{"class":1210},"20\n",[55,70999,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71001,3680],{"class":91},[55,71003,2101],{"class":1210},[55,71005,2764],{"class":91},[55,71007,7579],{"class":1210},[55,71009,3413],{"class":91},[131,71011,71013],{"id":71012},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71015,71016],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1003,71018,1866,71020,10382],{"id":71019},"use-pop-when",[15,71021,12542],{},[30,71023,71024,71027,71030],{},[33,71025,71026],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,71028,71029],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,71031,71032],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1003,71034,1866,71036,10382],{"id":71035},"use-remove-when",[15,71037,55300],{},[30,71039,71040,71043],{},[33,71041,71042],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,71044,71045],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71047,71048],{},"Compare these examples:",[46,71050,71052],{"className":48,"code":71051,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71053,71054,71078,71082,71100,71110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71055,71056,71058,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070,71072,71074,71076],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71057,3395],{"class":61},[55,71059,66],{"class":65},[55,71061,3400],{"class":91},[55,71063,2101],{"class":1210},[55,71065,2764],{"class":91},[55,71067,7574],{"class":1210},[55,71069,2764],{"class":91},[55,71071,7579],{"class":1210},[55,71073,2764],{"class":91},[55,71075,7574],{"class":1210},[55,71077,3413],{"class":91},[55,71079,71080],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71081,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,71083,71084,71086,71088,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,71085,69707],{"class":61},[55,71087,66],{"class":65},[55,71089,4045],{"class":61},[55,71091,92],{"class":91},[55,71093,26014],{"class":95},[55,71095,109],{"class":91},[55,71097,2761],{"class":1210},[55,71099,342],{"class":91},[55,71101,71102,71104,71106,71108],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,71103,106],{"class":105},[55,71105,109],{"class":91},[55,71107,69730],{"class":95},[55,71109,342],{"class":91},[55,71111,71112,71114,71116,71118],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,71113,106],{"class":105},[55,71115,109],{"class":91},[55,71117,3427],{"class":95},[55,71119,342],{"class":91},[20,71121,357],{},[46,71123,71125],{"className":48,"code":71124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71126,71127,71131],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71128,71129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71130,70997],{"class":1210},[55,71132,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71134,3680],{"class":91},[55,71136,2101],{"class":1210},[55,71138,2764],{"class":91},[55,71140,7579],{"class":1210},[55,71142,2764],{"class":91},[55,71144,7574],{"class":1210},[55,71146,3413],{"class":91},[46,71148,71150],{"className":48,"code":71149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71151,71152,71176,71180,71194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71153,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71155,3395],{"class":61},[55,71157,66],{"class":65},[55,71159,3400],{"class":91},[55,71161,2101],{"class":1210},[55,71163,2764],{"class":91},[55,71165,7574],{"class":1210},[55,71167,2764],{"class":91},[55,71169,7579],{"class":1210},[55,71171,2764],{"class":91},[55,71173,7574],{"class":1210},[55,71175,3413],{"class":91},[55,71177,71178],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71179,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,71181,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,71183,3427],{"class":61},[55,71185,92],{"class":91},[55,71187,34564],{"class":95},[55,71189,109],{"class":91},[55,71191,15533],{"class":1210},[55,71193,342],{"class":91},[55,71195,71196,71198,71200,71202],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,71197,106],{"class":105},[55,71199,109],{"class":91},[55,71201,3427],{"class":95},[55,71203,342],{"class":91},[20,71205,357],{},[46,71207,71209],{"className":48,"code":71208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71210,71211],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71212,71213,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71214,3680],{"class":91},[55,71216,2101],{"class":1210},[55,71218,2764],{"class":91},[55,71220,7579],{"class":1210},[55,71222,2764],{"class":91},[55,71224,7574],{"class":1210},[55,71226,3413],{"class":91},[20,71228,71229,71230,71233,71234,92],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71231,71232],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71235,2761],{},[20,71237,56376,71238,71241,71242,92],{},[15,71239,71240],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71243,15533],{},[20,71245,71246,71247,92],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[166,71248,54839],{"href":54838},[131,71250,1001],{"id":1000},[20,71252,71253,71254,539],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71255,12542],{},[30,71257,71258,71261,71264,71270,71274],{},[33,71259,71260],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71262,71263],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71265,36975,71266,8483,71268],{},[15,71267,12542],{},[15,71269,55300],{},[33,71271,8235,71272,61744],{},[15,71273,12542],{},[33,71275,71276],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71278,71279],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[46,71281,71283],{"className":48,"code":71282,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71284,71285,71295,71309,71323,71341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71286,71287,71289,71291,71293],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71288,106],{"class":105},[55,71290,109],{"class":91},[55,71292,8121],{"class":95},[55,71294,342],{"class":91},[55,71296,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71298,106],{"class":105},[55,71300,109],{"class":91},[55,71302,10942],{"class":105},[55,71304,109],{"class":91},[55,71306,8121],{"class":95},[55,71308,1273],{"class":91},[55,71310,71311,71313,71315,71317,71319,71321],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,71312,106],{"class":105},[55,71314,109],{"class":91},[55,71316,8121],{"class":95},[55,71318,92],{"class":91},[55,71320,26014],{"class":95},[55,71322,1087],{"class":91},[55,71324,71325,71327,71329,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,71326,106],{"class":105},[55,71328,109],{"class":91},[55,71330,8121],{"class":95},[55,71332,92],{"class":91},[55,71334,26014],{"class":95},[55,71336,109],{"class":91},[55,71338,1894],{"class":1210},[55,71340,1273],{"class":91},[55,71342,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351,71353],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,71344,106],{"class":105},[55,71346,109],{"class":91},[55,71348,1266],{"class":1265},[55,71350,109],{"class":91},[55,71352,35617],{"class":95},[55,71354,1273],{"class":91},[20,71356,71357],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71359,71360,71366],{},[33,71361,71362,71365],{},[15,71363,71364],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71367,71368,71371],{},[15,71369,71370],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71373,71374,71375,71378],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71376,71377],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[131,71380,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,71382,71384],{"id":71383},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71386,71387,71388,71390],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71389,12542],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1003,71392,71394],{"id":71393},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71396,71397,71399,71400,71402,71403,92],{},[15,71398,12542],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71401,55300],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71404,3556],{},[1003,71406,71408],{"id":71407},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71410,71411,71412,71415],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71413,71414],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1003,71417,71419],{"id":71418},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71421,71422,71423,71425],{},"Python raises ",[15,71424,70504],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[131,71427,1643],{"id":1642},[30,71429,71430,71434,71439,71444,71449],{},[33,71431,71432],{},[166,71433,55286],{"href":54838},[33,71435,71436],{},[166,71437,71438],{"href":54843},"Python list remove() method",[33,71440,71441],{},[166,71442,71443],{"href":58737},"Python list index() method",[33,71445,71446],{},[166,71447,71448],{"href":50749},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71450,71451],{},[166,71452,69032],{"href":69031},[1696,71454,71455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":71457},[71458,71459,71460,71461,71462,71463,71464,71469,71475,71476,71482],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":69633,"depth":80,"text":69634},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":69943,"depth":80,"text":69944},{"id":70072,"depth":80,"text":70073},{"id":70343,"depth":80,"text":70344},{"id":70490,"depth":80,"text":70491,"children":71465},[71466,71467,71468],{"id":70494,"depth":102,"text":70495},{"id":70632,"depth":102,"text":70633},{"id":70815,"depth":102,"text":70816},{"id":71012,"depth":80,"text":71013,"children":71470},[71471,71473],{"id":71019,"depth":102,"text":71472},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71035,"depth":102,"text":71474},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":71477},[71478,71479,71480,71481],{"id":71383,"depth":102,"text":71384},{"id":71393,"depth":102,"text":71394},{"id":71407,"depth":102,"text":71408},{"id":71418,"depth":102,"text":71419},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69500,"description":71483},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71490,"title":71491,"body":71492,"description":73278,"extension":1733,"meta":73279,"navigation":248,"path":73280,"seo":73281,"stem":73282,"__hash__":73283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71493,"toc":73260},[71494,71497,71502,71508,71510,71580,71586,71590,71595,71616,71619,71686,71688,71709,71717,71719,71738,71754,71756,71821,71823,71848,71850,71852,71917,71919,71944,71946,71960,71963,72016,72018,72039,72043,72051,72124,72126,72159,72165,72171,72262,72264,72289,72295,72384,72386,72410,72412,72416,72471,72473,72505,72508,72511,72605,72607,72640,72646,72652,72656,72663,72689,72693,72758,72760,72785,72789,72870,72872,72901,72906,72911,72917,72921,72928,72950,72954,73013,73015,73039,73048,73053,73055,73059,73088,73090,73165,73168,73182,73188,73190,73194,73197,73201,73206,73210,73219,73223,73231,73233,73257],[10,71495,71491],{"id":71496},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71498,1750,71499,71501],{},[15,71500,54846],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71503,71504,71505,71507],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[123,71506,2245],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[131,71509,1775],{"id":1774},[46,71511,71513],{"className":48,"code":71512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71514,71515,71547,71565,71575],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71516,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71518,7563],{"class":61},[55,71520,66],{"class":65},[55,71522,3400],{"class":91},[55,71524,228],{"class":69},[55,71526,3860],{"class":73},[55,71528,228],{"class":69},[55,71530,2764],{"class":91},[55,71532,70],{"class":69},[55,71534,3869],{"class":73},[55,71536,228],{"class":69},[55,71538,2764],{"class":91},[55,71540,70],{"class":69},[55,71542,32994],{"class":73},[55,71544,228],{"class":69},[55,71546,3413],{"class":91},[55,71548,71549,71551,71553,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71550,7594],{"class":61},[55,71552,92],{"class":91},[55,71554,34564],{"class":95},[55,71556,109],{"class":91},[55,71558,228],{"class":69},[55,71560,3869],{"class":73},[55,71562,228],{"class":69},[55,71564,342],{"class":91},[55,71566,71567,71569,71571,71573],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,71568,106],{"class":105},[55,71570,109],{"class":91},[55,71572,7594],{"class":95},[55,71574,342],{"class":91},[55,71576,71577],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,71578,71579],{"class":118},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71581,1866,71582,71585],{},[15,71583,71584],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[131,71587,71589],{"id":71588},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71591,71592,71594],{},[15,71593,55300],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71596,71597,71603,71608,71613],{},[33,71598,71599,71600,71602],{},"Deletes the ",[123,71601,29680],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71604,71605,71606],{},"Changes the original list ",[123,71607,11114],{},[33,71609,1581,71610,71612],{},[123,71611,902],{}," return a new list",[33,71614,71615],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71617,71618],{},"This is important for beginners:",[46,71620,71622],{"className":48,"code":71621,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71623,71624,71644,71662,71666,71676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71625,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640,71642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71627,3395],{"class":61},[55,71629,66],{"class":65},[55,71631,3400],{"class":91},[55,71633,2761],{"class":1210},[55,71635,2764],{"class":91},[55,71637,2767],{"class":1210},[55,71639,2764],{"class":91},[55,71641,2223],{"class":1210},[55,71643,3413],{"class":91},[55,71645,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71647,83],{"class":61},[55,71649,66],{"class":65},[55,71651,4045],{"class":61},[55,71653,92],{"class":91},[55,71655,34564],{"class":95},[55,71657,109],{"class":91},[55,71659,1829],{"class":1210},[55,71661,342],{"class":91},[55,71663,71664],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,71665,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,71667,71668,71670,71672,71674],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,71669,106],{"class":105},[55,71671,109],{"class":91},[55,71673,3427],{"class":95},[55,71675,342],{"class":91},[55,71677,71678,71680,71682,71684],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,71679,106],{"class":105},[55,71681,109],{"class":91},[55,71683,112],{"class":95},[55,71685,342],{"class":91},[20,71687,357],{},[46,71689,71691],{"className":48,"code":71690,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71692,71693,71705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71694,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71696,3680],{"class":91},[55,71698,2761],{"class":1210},[55,71700,2764],{"class":91},[55,71702,2223],{"class":1210},[55,71704,3413],{"class":91},[55,71706,71707],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71708,11588],{"class":3631},[20,71710,71711,71712,71714,71715,92],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71713,55300],{}," itself returned ",[15,71716,3556],{},[131,71718,5215],{"id":5214},[46,71720,71722],{"className":48,"code":71721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71723,71724],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71727,7877],{"class":1265},[55,71729,92],{"class":91},[55,71731,34564],{"class":95},[55,71733,109],{"class":91},[55,71735,2245],{"class":95},[55,71737,342],{"class":91},[30,71739,71740,71745,71748],{},[33,71741,71742,71744],{},[15,71743,2245],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71746,71747],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71749,71750,71751,71753],{},"Only the ",[123,71752,29680],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71755,214],{},[46,71757,71759],{"className":48,"code":71758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71760,71761,71793,71811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71762,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71764,35860],{"class":61},[55,71766,66],{"class":65},[55,71768,3400],{"class":91},[55,71770,228],{"class":69},[55,71772,166],{"class":73},[55,71774,228],{"class":69},[55,71776,2764],{"class":91},[55,71778,70],{"class":69},[55,71780,4543],{"class":73},[55,71782,228],{"class":69},[55,71784,2764],{"class":91},[55,71786,70],{"class":69},[55,71788,9520],{"class":73},[55,71790,228],{"class":69},[55,71792,3413],{"class":91},[55,71794,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71796,35913],{"class":61},[55,71798,92],{"class":91},[55,71800,34564],{"class":95},[55,71802,109],{"class":91},[55,71804,228],{"class":69},[55,71806,4543],{"class":73},[55,71808,228],{"class":69},[55,71810,342],{"class":91},[55,71812,71813,71815,71817,71819],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,71814,106],{"class":105},[55,71816,109],{"class":91},[55,71818,35913],{"class":95},[55,71820,342],{"class":91},[20,71822,357],{},[46,71824,71826],{"className":48,"code":71825,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71827,71828],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71829,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71831,3680],{"class":91},[55,71833,3077],{"class":69},[55,71835,166],{"class":73},[55,71837,3077],{"class":69},[55,71839,2764],{"class":91},[55,71841,3072],{"class":69},[55,71843,9520],{"class":73},[55,71845,3077],{"class":69},[55,71847,3413],{"class":91},[131,71849,5572],{"id":5571},[20,71851,64947],{},[46,71853,71855],{"className":48,"code":71854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71856,71857,71889,71907],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71858,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71860,12855],{"class":61},[55,71862,66],{"class":65},[55,71864,3400],{"class":91},[55,71866,228],{"class":69},[55,71868,12872],{"class":73},[55,71870,228],{"class":69},[55,71872,2764],{"class":91},[55,71874,70],{"class":69},[55,71876,705],{"class":73},[55,71878,228],{"class":69},[55,71880,2764],{"class":91},[55,71882,70],{"class":69},[55,71884,17232],{"class":73},[55,71886,228],{"class":69},[55,71888,3413],{"class":91},[55,71890,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71892,17279],{"class":61},[55,71894,92],{"class":91},[55,71896,34564],{"class":95},[55,71898,109],{"class":91},[55,71900,228],{"class":69},[55,71902,705],{"class":73},[55,71904,228],{"class":69},[55,71906,342],{"class":91},[55,71908,71909,71911,71913,71915],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,71910,106],{"class":105},[55,71912,109],{"class":91},[55,71914,17279],{"class":95},[55,71916,342],{"class":91},[20,71918,357],{},[46,71920,71922],{"className":48,"code":71921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71923,71924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71925,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71927,3680],{"class":91},[55,71929,3077],{"class":69},[55,71931,12872],{"class":73},[55,71933,3077],{"class":69},[55,71935,2764],{"class":91},[55,71937,3072],{"class":69},[55,71939,17232],{"class":73},[55,71941,3077],{"class":69},[55,71943,3413],{"class":91},[20,71945,11463],{},[30,71947,71948,71951,71957],{},[33,71949,71950],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,71952,71953,71956],{},[15,71954,71955],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,71958,71959],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71961,71962],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[46,71964,71966],{"className":48,"code":71965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71967,71968,71992,72006],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71969,71970,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71971,4847],{"class":61},[55,71973,66],{"class":65},[55,71975,3400],{"class":91},[55,71977,2101],{"class":1210},[55,71979,2764],{"class":91},[55,71981,7574],{"class":1210},[55,71983,2764],{"class":91},[55,71985,7579],{"class":1210},[55,71987,2764],{"class":91},[55,71989,50615],{"class":1210},[55,71991,3413],{"class":91},[55,71993,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,71995,16168],{"class":61},[55,71997,92],{"class":91},[55,71999,34564],{"class":95},[55,72001,109],{"class":91},[55,72003,36612],{"class":1210},[55,72005,342],{"class":91},[55,72007,72008,72010,72012,72014],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,72009,106],{"class":105},[55,72011,109],{"class":91},[55,72013,16168],{"class":95},[55,72015,342],{"class":91},[20,72017,357],{},[46,72019,72021],{"className":48,"code":72020,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72022,72023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72024,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72026,3680],{"class":91},[55,72028,2101],{"class":1210},[55,72030,2764],{"class":91},[55,72032,7574],{"class":1210},[55,72034,2764],{"class":91},[55,72036,50615],{"class":1210},[55,72038,3413],{"class":91},[131,72040,72042],{"id":72041},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72044,64937,72045,72047,72048,72050],{},[15,72046,55300],{}," deletes only the ",[123,72049,29680],{}," one.",[46,72052,72054],{"className":48,"code":72053,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72055,72056,72096,72114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72057,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72059,7563],{"class":61},[55,72061,66],{"class":65},[55,72063,3400],{"class":91},[55,72065,228],{"class":69},[55,72067,3860],{"class":73},[55,72069,228],{"class":69},[55,72071,2764],{"class":91},[55,72073,70],{"class":69},[55,72075,3869],{"class":73},[55,72077,228],{"class":69},[55,72079,2764],{"class":91},[55,72081,70],{"class":69},[55,72083,3860],{"class":73},[55,72085,228],{"class":69},[55,72087,2764],{"class":91},[55,72089,70],{"class":69},[55,72091,32994],{"class":73},[55,72093,228],{"class":69},[55,72095,3413],{"class":91},[55,72097,72098,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72099,7594],{"class":61},[55,72101,92],{"class":91},[55,72103,34564],{"class":95},[55,72105,109],{"class":91},[55,72107,228],{"class":69},[55,72109,3860],{"class":73},[55,72111,228],{"class":69},[55,72113,342],{"class":91},[55,72115,72116,72118,72120,72122],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,72117,106],{"class":105},[55,72119,109],{"class":91},[55,72121,7594],{"class":95},[55,72123,342],{"class":91},[20,72125,357],{},[46,72127,72129],{"className":48,"code":72128,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72130,72131],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72132,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72134,3680],{"class":91},[55,72136,3077],{"class":69},[55,72138,3869],{"class":73},[55,72140,3077],{"class":69},[55,72142,2764],{"class":91},[55,72144,3072],{"class":69},[55,72146,3860],{"class":73},[55,72148,3077],{"class":69},[55,72150,2764],{"class":91},[55,72152,3072],{"class":69},[55,72154,32994],{"class":73},[55,72156,3077],{"class":69},[55,72158,3413],{"class":91},[20,72160,72161,72162,72164],{},"Only the first ",[15,72163,57605],{}," was removed.",[20,72166,72167,72168,72170],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72169,55300],{}," again:",[46,72172,72174],{"className":48,"code":72173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72175,72176,72216,72234,72252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72177,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72179,7563],{"class":61},[55,72181,66],{"class":65},[55,72183,3400],{"class":91},[55,72185,228],{"class":69},[55,72187,3860],{"class":73},[55,72189,228],{"class":69},[55,72191,2764],{"class":91},[55,72193,70],{"class":69},[55,72195,3869],{"class":73},[55,72197,228],{"class":69},[55,72199,2764],{"class":91},[55,72201,70],{"class":69},[55,72203,3860],{"class":73},[55,72205,228],{"class":69},[55,72207,2764],{"class":91},[55,72209,70],{"class":69},[55,72211,32994],{"class":73},[55,72213,228],{"class":69},[55,72215,3413],{"class":91},[55,72217,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72219,7594],{"class":61},[55,72221,92],{"class":91},[55,72223,34564],{"class":95},[55,72225,109],{"class":91},[55,72227,228],{"class":69},[55,72229,3860],{"class":73},[55,72231,228],{"class":69},[55,72233,342],{"class":91},[55,72235,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,72237,7594],{"class":61},[55,72239,92],{"class":91},[55,72241,34564],{"class":95},[55,72243,109],{"class":91},[55,72245,228],{"class":69},[55,72247,3860],{"class":73},[55,72249,228],{"class":69},[55,72251,342],{"class":91},[55,72253,72254,72256,72258,72260],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,72255,106],{"class":105},[55,72257,109],{"class":91},[55,72259,7594],{"class":95},[55,72261,342],{"class":91},[20,72263,357],{},[46,72265,72267],{"className":48,"code":72266,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72268,72269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72270,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72272,3680],{"class":91},[55,72274,3077],{"class":69},[55,72276,3869],{"class":73},[55,72278,3077],{"class":69},[55,72280,2764],{"class":91},[55,72282,3072],{"class":69},[55,72284,32994],{"class":73},[55,72286,3077],{"class":69},[55,72288,3413],{"class":91},[20,72290,72291,72292,72294],{},"If you need to remove ",[123,72293,3493],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[46,72296,72298],{"className":48,"code":72297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72299,72300,72340,72374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72301,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72303,7563],{"class":61},[55,72305,66],{"class":65},[55,72307,3400],{"class":91},[55,72309,228],{"class":69},[55,72311,3860],{"class":73},[55,72313,228],{"class":69},[55,72315,2764],{"class":91},[55,72317,70],{"class":69},[55,72319,3869],{"class":73},[55,72321,228],{"class":69},[55,72323,2764],{"class":91},[55,72325,70],{"class":69},[55,72327,3860],{"class":73},[55,72329,228],{"class":69},[55,72331,2764],{"class":91},[55,72333,70],{"class":69},[55,72335,32994],{"class":73},[55,72337,228],{"class":69},[55,72339,3413],{"class":91},[55,72341,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72359,72361,72363,72366,72368,72370,72372],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72343,7563],{"class":61},[55,72345,66],{"class":65},[55,72347,3400],{"class":91},[55,72349,28310],{"class":61},[55,72351,5743],{"class":487},[55,72353,5746],{"class":61},[55,72355,3662],{"class":487},[55,72357,72358],{"class":61}," items ",[55,72360,488],{"class":487},[55,72362,5746],{"class":61},[55,72364,72365],{"class":65},"!=",[55,72367,70],{"class":69},[55,72369,3860],{"class":73},[55,72371,228],{"class":69},[55,72373,3413],{"class":91},[55,72375,72376,72378,72380,72382],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,72377,106],{"class":105},[55,72379,109],{"class":91},[55,72381,7594],{"class":95},[55,72383,342],{"class":91},[20,72385,357],{},[46,72387,72388],{"className":48,"code":72266,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,72389,72390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72391,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72393,3680],{"class":91},[55,72395,3077],{"class":69},[55,72397,3869],{"class":73},[55,72399,3077],{"class":69},[55,72401,2764],{"class":91},[55,72403,3072],{"class":69},[55,72405,32994],{"class":73},[55,72407,3077],{"class":69},[55,72409,3413],{"class":91},[131,72411,65403],{"id":65402},[20,72413,65406,72414,92],{},[15,72415,40477],{},[46,72417,72419],{"className":48,"code":72418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72420,72421,72453],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72422,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72424,7563],{"class":61},[55,72426,66],{"class":65},[55,72428,3400],{"class":91},[55,72430,228],{"class":69},[55,72432,3860],{"class":73},[55,72434,228],{"class":69},[55,72436,2764],{"class":91},[55,72438,70],{"class":69},[55,72440,3869],{"class":73},[55,72442,228],{"class":69},[55,72444,2764],{"class":91},[55,72446,70],{"class":69},[55,72448,32994],{"class":73},[55,72450,228],{"class":69},[55,72452,3413],{"class":91},[55,72454,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72456,7594],{"class":61},[55,72458,92],{"class":91},[55,72460,34564],{"class":95},[55,72462,109],{"class":91},[55,72464,228],{"class":69},[55,72466,22309],{"class":73},[55,72468,228],{"class":69},[55,72470,342],{"class":91},[20,72472,357],{},[46,72474,72476],{"className":48,"code":72475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72477,72478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72479,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72481,40477],{"class":1265},[55,72483,539],{"class":91},[55,72485,22336],{"class":1265},[55,72487,92],{"class":91},[55,72489,34564],{"class":95},[55,72491,109],{"class":91},[55,72493,1947],{"class":95},[55,72495,16231],{"class":91},[55,72497,3659],{"class":61},[55,72499,902],{"class":65},[55,72501,784],{"class":65},[55,72503,72504],{"class":1265}," list\n",[20,72506,72507],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72509,72510],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[46,72512,72514],{"className":48,"code":72513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72515,72516,72548,72560,72564,72576,72591,72595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72517,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72519,7563],{"class":61},[55,72521,66],{"class":65},[55,72523,3400],{"class":91},[55,72525,228],{"class":69},[55,72527,3860],{"class":73},[55,72529,228],{"class":69},[55,72531,2764],{"class":91},[55,72533,70],{"class":69},[55,72535,3869],{"class":73},[55,72537,228],{"class":69},[55,72539,2764],{"class":91},[55,72541,70],{"class":69},[55,72543,32994],{"class":73},[55,72545,228],{"class":69},[55,72547,3413],{"class":91},[55,72549,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72551,2218],{"class":61},[55,72553,66],{"class":65},[55,72555,70],{"class":69},[55,72557,22309],{"class":73},[55,72559,77],{"class":69},[55,72561,72562],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,72563,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,72565,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,72567,488],{"class":487},[55,72569,21362],{"class":61},[55,72571,3662],{"class":65},[55,72573,5751],{"class":61},[55,72575,511],{"class":91},[55,72577,72578,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,72579,72580],{"class":61},"    items",[55,72582,92],{"class":91},[55,72584,34564],{"class":95},[55,72586,109],{"class":91},[55,72588,2245],{"class":95},[55,72590,342],{"class":91},[55,72592,72593],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,72594,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,72596,72597,72599,72601,72603],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,72598,106],{"class":105},[55,72600,109],{"class":91},[55,72602,7594],{"class":95},[55,72604,342],{"class":91},[20,72606,357],{},[46,72608,72610],{"className":48,"code":72609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72611,72612],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72615,3680],{"class":91},[55,72617,3077],{"class":69},[55,72619,3860],{"class":73},[55,72621,3077],{"class":69},[55,72623,2764],{"class":91},[55,72625,3072],{"class":69},[55,72627,3869],{"class":73},[55,72629,3077],{"class":69},[55,72631,2764],{"class":91},[55,72633,3072],{"class":69},[55,72635,32994],{"class":73},[55,72637,3077],{"class":69},[55,72639,3413],{"class":91},[20,72641,72642,72643,72645],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72644,55300],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72647,72648,72649,92],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[166,72650,65612],{"href":72651},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[131,72653,72655],{"id":72654},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72657,72658,1377,72660,72662],{},[15,72659,55300],{},[15,72661,12542],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72664,72665,72672,72678,72684],{},[33,72666,72667,72669,72670],{},[15,72668,55300],{}," deletes by ",[123,72671,2245],{},[33,72673,72674,72669,72676],{},[15,72675,12542],{},[123,72677,35617],{},[33,72679,72680,2168,72682],{},[15,72681,55300],{},[15,72683,3556],{},[33,72685,72686,72688],{},[15,72687,12542],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72690,45810,72691,539],{},[15,72692,55300],{},[46,72694,72696],{"className":48,"code":72695,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72697,72698,72730,72748],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72699,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72701,7563],{"class":61},[55,72703,66],{"class":65},[55,72705,3400],{"class":91},[55,72707,228],{"class":69},[55,72709,3860],{"class":73},[55,72711,228],{"class":69},[55,72713,2764],{"class":91},[55,72715,70],{"class":69},[55,72717,3869],{"class":73},[55,72719,228],{"class":69},[55,72721,2764],{"class":91},[55,72723,70],{"class":69},[55,72725,32994],{"class":73},[55,72727,228],{"class":69},[55,72729,3413],{"class":91},[55,72731,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72733,7594],{"class":61},[55,72735,92],{"class":91},[55,72737,34564],{"class":95},[55,72739,109],{"class":91},[55,72741,228],{"class":69},[55,72743,3869],{"class":73},[55,72745,228],{"class":69},[55,72747,342],{"class":91},[55,72749,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,72751,106],{"class":105},[55,72753,109],{"class":91},[55,72755,7594],{"class":95},[55,72757,342],{"class":91},[20,72759,357],{},[46,72761,72763],{"className":48,"code":72762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72764,72765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72766,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72768,3680],{"class":91},[55,72770,3077],{"class":69},[55,72772,3860],{"class":73},[55,72774,3077],{"class":69},[55,72776,2764],{"class":91},[55,72778,3072],{"class":69},[55,72780,32994],{"class":73},[55,72782,3077],{"class":69},[55,72784,3413],{"class":91},[20,72786,45810,72787,539],{},[15,72788,12542],{},[46,72790,72792],{"className":48,"code":72791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72793,72794,72826,72845,72849,72859],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72795,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72797,7563],{"class":61},[55,72799,66],{"class":65},[55,72801,3400],{"class":91},[55,72803,228],{"class":69},[55,72805,3860],{"class":73},[55,72807,228],{"class":69},[55,72809,2764],{"class":91},[55,72811,70],{"class":69},[55,72813,3869],{"class":73},[55,72815,228],{"class":69},[55,72817,2764],{"class":91},[55,72819,70],{"class":69},[55,72821,32994],{"class":73},[55,72823,228],{"class":69},[55,72825,3413],{"class":91},[55,72827,72828,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72829,72830],{"class":61},"removed_item ",[55,72832,66],{"class":65},[55,72834,5751],{"class":61},[55,72836,92],{"class":91},[55,72838,26014],{"class":95},[55,72840,109],{"class":91},[55,72842,2761],{"class":1210},[55,72844,342],{"class":91},[55,72846,72847],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,72848,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,72850,72851,72853,72855,72857],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,72852,106],{"class":105},[55,72854,109],{"class":91},[55,72856,7594],{"class":95},[55,72858,342],{"class":91},[55,72860,72861,72863,72865,72868],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,72862,106],{"class":105},[55,72864,109],{"class":91},[55,72866,72867],{"class":95},"removed_item",[55,72869,342],{"class":91},[20,72871,357],{},[46,72873,72875],{"className":48,"code":72874,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72876,72877,72897],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72878,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72880,3680],{"class":91},[55,72882,3077],{"class":69},[55,72884,3860],{"class":73},[55,72886,3077],{"class":69},[55,72888,2764],{"class":91},[55,72890,3072],{"class":69},[55,72892,32994],{"class":73},[55,72894,3077],{"class":69},[55,72896,3413],{"class":91},[55,72898,72899],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72900,70179],{"class":61},[20,72902,1866,72903,72905],{},[15,72904,55300],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72907,1866,72908,72910],{},[15,72909,12542],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72912,72913,72914,92],{},"For more detail, see the ",[166,72915,72916],{"href":54850},"Python list pop() method",[131,72918,72920],{"id":72919},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72922,72923,1377,72925,72927],{},[15,72924,55300],{},[15,72926,26798],{}," are also different.",[30,72929,72930,72935,72940,72945],{},[33,72931,72932,72934],{},[15,72933,55300],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,72936,72937,72939],{},[15,72938,26798],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,72941,1866,72942,72944],{},[15,72943,26798],{}," when you know the position",[33,72946,1866,72947,72949],{},[15,72948,55300],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72951,45810,72952,539],{},[15,72953,26798],{},[46,72955,72957],{"className":48,"code":72956,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72958,72959,72991,73003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72960,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72962,7563],{"class":61},[55,72964,66],{"class":65},[55,72966,3400],{"class":91},[55,72968,228],{"class":69},[55,72970,3860],{"class":73},[55,72972,228],{"class":69},[55,72974,2764],{"class":91},[55,72976,70],{"class":69},[55,72978,3869],{"class":73},[55,72980,228],{"class":69},[55,72982,2764],{"class":91},[55,72984,70],{"class":69},[55,72986,32994],{"class":73},[55,72988,228],{"class":69},[55,72990,3413],{"class":91},[55,72992,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,72994,26798],{"class":487},[55,72996,5751],{"class":61},[55,72998,3680],{"class":91},[55,73000,2761],{"class":1210},[55,73002,3413],{"class":91},[55,73004,73005,73007,73009,73011],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73006,106],{"class":105},[55,73008,109],{"class":91},[55,73010,7594],{"class":95},[55,73012,342],{"class":91},[20,73014,357],{},[46,73016,73017],{"className":48,"code":72762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,73018,73019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73020,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73022,3680],{"class":91},[55,73024,3077],{"class":69},[55,73026,3860],{"class":73},[55,73028,3077],{"class":69},[55,73030,2764],{"class":91},[55,73032,3072],{"class":69},[55,73034,32994],{"class":73},[55,73036,3077],{"class":69},[55,73038,3413],{"class":91},[20,73040,73041,73042,73044,73045,73047],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73043,2761],{},", not the value ",[15,73046,65047],{}," directly.",[20,73049,73050,73051,92],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[166,73052,54839],{"href":54838},[131,73054,1001],{"id":1000},[20,73056,20989,73057,539],{},[15,73058,55300],{},[30,73060,73061,73064,73069,73076,73085],{},[33,73062,73063],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,73065,8235,73066,73068],{},[15,73067,55300],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,73070,12375,73071,73073,73074],{},[15,73072,55300],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73075,3556],{},[33,73077,1185,73078,44401,73080,2651,73082,73084],{},[15,73079,55300],{},[15,73081,12542],{},[15,73083,26798],{}," would be a better fit",[33,73086,73087],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73089,71279],{},[46,73091,73093],{"className":48,"code":73092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73094,73095,73105,73119,73137,73151],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73096,73097,73099,73101,73103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73098,106],{"class":105},[55,73100,109],{"class":91},[55,73102,8121],{"class":95},[55,73104,342],{"class":91},[55,73106,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73108,106],{"class":105},[55,73110,109],{"class":91},[55,73112,2218],{"class":95},[55,73114,3662],{"class":487},[55,73116,8178],{"class":95},[55,73118,342],{"class":91},[55,73120,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73122,106],{"class":105},[55,73124,109],{"class":91},[55,73126,8121],{"class":95},[55,73128,92],{"class":91},[55,73130,41033],{"class":95},[55,73132,109],{"class":91},[55,73134,2245],{"class":95},[55,73136,1273],{"class":91},[55,73138,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,73140,106],{"class":105},[55,73142,109],{"class":91},[55,73144,1266],{"class":1265},[55,73146,109],{"class":91},[55,73148,8121],{"class":95},[55,73150,1273],{"class":91},[55,73152,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,73154,31925],{"class":105},[55,73156,109],{"class":91},[55,73158,7877],{"class":1265},[55,73160,92],{"class":91},[55,73162,34564],{"class":1047},[55,73164,342],{"class":91},[20,73166,73167],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73169,73170,73173,73176,73179],{},[33,73171,73172],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73174,73175],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73177,73178],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73180,73181],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73183,73184,73185,73187],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[166,73186,71443],{"href":58737}," may also help.",[131,73189,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,73191,73193],{"id":73192},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73195,73196],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1003,73198,73200],{"id":73199},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73202,4931,73203,73205],{},[15,73204,3556],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1003,73207,73209],{"id":73208},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73211,73212,73213,73216,73217,92],{},"Check with ",[15,73214,73215],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73218,55300],{},[1003,73220,73222],{"id":73221},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73224,1866,73225,73227,73228,73230],{},[15,73226,55300],{}," for a value and ",[15,73229,12542],{}," for an index.",[131,73232,1643],{"id":1642},[30,73234,73235,73239,73243,73247,73251],{},[33,73236,73237],{},[166,73238,55286],{"href":54838},[33,73240,73241],{},[166,73242,72916],{"href":54850},[33,73244,73245],{},[166,73246,71443],{"href":58737},[33,73248,73249],{},[166,73250,65612],{"href":72651},[33,73252,73253],{},[166,73254,73256],{"href":73255},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1696,73258,73259],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":73261},[73262,73263,73264,73265,73266,73267,73268,73269,73270,73271,73277],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":71588,"depth":80,"text":71589},{"id":5214,"depth":80,"text":5215},{"id":5571,"depth":80,"text":5572},{"id":72041,"depth":80,"text":72042},{"id":65402,"depth":80,"text":65403},{"id":72654,"depth":80,"text":72655},{"id":72919,"depth":80,"text":72920},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":73272},[73273,73274,73275,73276],{"id":73192,"depth":102,"text":73193},{"id":73199,"depth":102,"text":73200},{"id":73208,"depth":102,"text":73209},{"id":73221,"depth":102,"text":73222},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71491,"description":73278},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73285,"title":73286,"body":73287,"description":75178,"extension":1733,"meta":75179,"navigation":248,"path":75180,"seo":75181,"stem":75182,"__hash__":75183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73288,"toc":75148},[73289,73295,73301,73304,73315,73317,73366,73371,73376,73380,73395,73397,73462,73464,73505,73507,73509,73524,73526,73537,73539,73596,73598,73631,73633,73636,73685,73687,73712,73714,73730,73736,73743,73804,73806,73839,73844,73847,73927,73929,73990,73996,74000,74003,74067,74069,74094,74096,74116,74118,74167,74169,74190,74199,74202,74206,74211,74256,74258,74279,74285,74290,74298,74362,74364,74401,74407,74411,74418,74483,74485,74522,74526,74543,74553,74558,74563,74574,74581,74583,74589,74612,74615,74642,74647,74650,74751,74753,74808,74811,74918,74920,74991,74994,75020,75022,75027,75031,75039,75044,75049,75055,75060,75064,75067,75084,75087,75107,75115,75117,75145],[10,73290,54113,73292,18],{"id":73291},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73293,73294],{},"reverse()",[20,73296,73297,73300],{},[15,73298,73299],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73302,73303],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73305,73306,73307,73309,73310,73314],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73308,73294],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[166,73311,73313],{"href":73312},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[131,73316,3385],{"id":3384},[46,73318,73320],{"className":48,"code":73319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73321,73322,73342,73353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73323,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73325,3395],{"class":61},[55,73327,66],{"class":65},[55,73329,3400],{"class":91},[55,73331,2761],{"class":1210},[55,73333,2764],{"class":91},[55,73335,2767],{"class":1210},[55,73337,2764],{"class":91},[55,73339,2223],{"class":1210},[55,73341,3413],{"class":91},[55,73343,73344,73346,73348,73351],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73345,3427],{"class":61},[55,73347,92],{"class":91},[55,73349,73350],{"class":95},"reverse",[55,73352,99],{"class":91},[55,73354,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73356,106],{"class":105},[55,73358,109],{"class":91},[55,73360,3427],{"class":95},[55,73362,115],{"class":91},[55,73364,73365],{"class":118},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73367,73368,73370],{},[15,73369,73294],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[131,73372,134,73374,137],{"id":73373},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73375,73299],{},[20,73377,73378,539],{},[15,73379,73299],{},[30,73381,73382,73385,73388,73392],{},[33,73383,73384],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73386,73387],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73389,11204,73390],{},[15,73391,3556],{},[33,73393,73394],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73396,214],{},[46,73398,73400],{"className":48,"code":73399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73401,73402,73442,73452],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73403,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416,73418,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73405,35860],{"class":61},[55,73407,66],{"class":65},[55,73409,3400],{"class":91},[55,73411,228],{"class":69},[55,73413,166],{"class":73},[55,73415,228],{"class":69},[55,73417,2764],{"class":91},[55,73419,70],{"class":69},[55,73421,4543],{"class":73},[55,73423,228],{"class":69},[55,73425,2764],{"class":91},[55,73427,70],{"class":69},[55,73429,9520],{"class":73},[55,73431,228],{"class":69},[55,73433,2764],{"class":91},[55,73435,70],{"class":69},[55,73437,18545],{"class":73},[55,73439,228],{"class":69},[55,73441,3413],{"class":91},[55,73443,73444,73446,73448,73450],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73445,35913],{"class":61},[55,73447,92],{"class":91},[55,73449,73350],{"class":95},[55,73451,99],{"class":91},[55,73453,73454,73456,73458,73460],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73455,106],{"class":105},[55,73457,109],{"class":91},[55,73459,35913],{"class":95},[55,73461,342],{"class":91},[20,73463,357],{},[46,73465,73467],{"className":48,"code":73466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73468,73469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73470,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493,73495,73497,73499,73501,73503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73472,3680],{"class":91},[55,73474,3077],{"class":69},[55,73476,18545],{"class":73},[55,73478,3077],{"class":69},[55,73480,2764],{"class":91},[55,73482,3072],{"class":69},[55,73484,9520],{"class":73},[55,73486,3077],{"class":69},[55,73488,2764],{"class":91},[55,73490,3072],{"class":69},[55,73492,4543],{"class":73},[55,73494,3077],{"class":69},[55,73496,2764],{"class":91},[55,73498,3072],{"class":69},[55,73500,166],{"class":73},[55,73502,3077],{"class":69},[55,73504,3413],{"class":91},[131,73506,178],{"id":177},[20,73508,181],{},[46,73510,73512],{"className":48,"code":73511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73513,73514],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73515,73516,73518,73520,73522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73517,8121],{"class":61},[55,73519,92],{"class":91},[55,73521,73350],{"class":95},[55,73523,99],{"class":91},[20,73525,145],{},[30,73527,73528,73531,73534],{},[33,73529,73530],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73532,73533],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73535,73536],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73538,214],{},[46,73540,73542],{"className":48,"code":73541,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73543,73544,73576,73586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73545,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73547,12855],{"class":61},[55,73549,66],{"class":65},[55,73551,3400],{"class":91},[55,73553,228],{"class":69},[55,73555,12872],{"class":73},[55,73557,228],{"class":69},[55,73559,2764],{"class":91},[55,73561,70],{"class":69},[55,73563,17232],{"class":73},[55,73565,228],{"class":69},[55,73567,2764],{"class":91},[55,73569,70],{"class":69},[55,73571,705],{"class":73},[55,73573,228],{"class":69},[55,73575,3413],{"class":91},[55,73577,73578,73580,73582,73584],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73579,17279],{"class":61},[55,73581,92],{"class":91},[55,73583,73350],{"class":95},[55,73585,99],{"class":91},[55,73587,73588,73590,73592,73594],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73589,106],{"class":105},[55,73591,109],{"class":91},[55,73593,17279],{"class":95},[55,73595,342],{"class":91},[20,73597,357],{},[46,73599,73601],{"className":48,"code":73600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73602,73603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73604,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73606,3680],{"class":91},[55,73608,3077],{"class":69},[55,73610,705],{"class":73},[55,73612,3077],{"class":69},[55,73614,2764],{"class":91},[55,73616,3072],{"class":69},[55,73618,17232],{"class":73},[55,73620,3077],{"class":69},[55,73622,2764],{"class":91},[55,73624,3072],{"class":69},[55,73626,12872],{"class":73},[55,73628,3077],{"class":69},[55,73630,3413],{"class":91},[131,73632,286],{"id":285},[20,73634,73635],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[46,73637,73639],{"className":48,"code":73638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73640,73641,73665,73675],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73642,73643,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73644,3395],{"class":61},[55,73646,66],{"class":65},[55,73648,3400],{"class":91},[55,73650,2101],{"class":1210},[55,73652,2764],{"class":91},[55,73654,7574],{"class":1210},[55,73656,2764],{"class":91},[55,73658,7579],{"class":1210},[55,73660,2764],{"class":91},[55,73662,50615],{"class":1210},[55,73664,3413],{"class":91},[55,73666,73667,73669,73671,73673],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73668,3427],{"class":61},[55,73670,92],{"class":91},[55,73672,73350],{"class":95},[55,73674,99],{"class":91},[55,73676,73677,73679,73681,73683],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73678,106],{"class":105},[55,73680,109],{"class":91},[55,73682,3427],{"class":95},[55,73684,342],{"class":91},[20,73686,357],{},[46,73688,73690],{"className":48,"code":73689,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73691,73692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73693,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73695,3680],{"class":91},[55,73697,56464],{"class":1210},[55,73699,2764],{"class":91},[55,73701,7579],{"class":1210},[55,73703,2764],{"class":91},[55,73705,7574],{"class":1210},[55,73707,2764],{"class":91},[55,73709,5790],{"class":1210},[55,73711,3413],{"class":91},[20,73713,11463],{},[30,73715,73716,73722,73727],{},[33,73717,73718,73719],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73720,73721],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73723,73724,73726],{},[15,73725,73294],{}," flips the order",[33,73728,73729],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[131,73731,73733,73735],{"id":73732},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73734,73294],{}," changes the original list",[20,73737,73738,73739,73742],{},"This method is ",[123,73740,73741],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[46,73744,73746],{"className":48,"code":73745,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73747,73748,73780,73790,73794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73749,73750,73752,73754,73756,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73751,36009],{"class":61},[55,73753,66],{"class":65},[55,73755,3400],{"class":91},[55,73757,228],{"class":69},[55,73759,3860],{"class":73},[55,73761,228],{"class":69},[55,73763,2764],{"class":91},[55,73765,70],{"class":69},[55,73767,3869],{"class":73},[55,73769,228],{"class":69},[55,73771,2764],{"class":91},[55,73773,70],{"class":69},[55,73775,3878],{"class":73},[55,73777,228],{"class":69},[55,73779,3413],{"class":91},[55,73781,73782,73784,73786,73788],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73783,36061],{"class":61},[55,73785,92],{"class":91},[55,73787,73350],{"class":95},[55,73789,99],{"class":91},[55,73791,73792],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73793,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,73795,73796,73798,73800,73802],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,73797,106],{"class":105},[55,73799,109],{"class":91},[55,73801,36061],{"class":95},[55,73803,342],{"class":91},[20,73805,357],{},[46,73807,73809],{"className":48,"code":73808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73810,73811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73812,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73814,3680],{"class":91},[55,73816,3077],{"class":69},[55,73818,3878],{"class":73},[55,73820,3077],{"class":69},[55,73822,2764],{"class":91},[55,73824,3072],{"class":69},[55,73826,3869],{"class":73},[55,73828,3077],{"class":69},[55,73830,2764],{"class":91},[55,73832,3072],{"class":69},[55,73834,3860],{"class":73},[55,73836,3077],{"class":69},[55,73838,3413],{"class":91},[20,73840,1866,73841,73843],{},[15,73842,73294],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73845,73846],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[46,73848,73850],{"className":48,"code":73849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73851,73852,73884,73902,73906,73916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73853,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73855,36009],{"class":61},[55,73857,66],{"class":65},[55,73859,3400],{"class":91},[55,73861,228],{"class":69},[55,73863,3860],{"class":73},[55,73865,228],{"class":69},[55,73867,2764],{"class":91},[55,73869,70],{"class":69},[55,73871,3869],{"class":73},[55,73873,228],{"class":69},[55,73875,2764],{"class":91},[55,73877,70],{"class":69},[55,73879,3878],{"class":73},[55,73881,228],{"class":69},[55,73883,3413],{"class":91},[55,73885,73886,73889,73891,73893,73896,73898,73900],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73887,73888],{"class":61},"reversed_fruits ",[55,73890,66],{"class":65},[55,73892,52622],{"class":61},[55,73894,73895],{"class":91},"[::",[55,73897,1794],{"class":65},[55,73899,2761],{"class":1210},[55,73901,3413],{"class":91},[55,73903,73904],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,73905,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,73907,73908,73910,73912,73914],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,73909,106],{"class":105},[55,73911,109],{"class":91},[55,73913,36061],{"class":95},[55,73915,342],{"class":91},[55,73917,73918,73920,73922,73925],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,73919,106],{"class":105},[55,73921,109],{"class":91},[55,73923,73924],{"class":95},"reversed_fruits",[55,73926,342],{"class":91},[20,73928,357],{},[46,73930,73932],{"className":48,"code":73931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73933,73934,73962],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73935,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73937,3680],{"class":91},[55,73939,3077],{"class":69},[55,73941,3860],{"class":73},[55,73943,3077],{"class":69},[55,73945,2764],{"class":91},[55,73947,3072],{"class":69},[55,73949,3869],{"class":73},[55,73951,3077],{"class":69},[55,73953,2764],{"class":91},[55,73955,3072],{"class":69},[55,73957,3878],{"class":73},[55,73959,3077],{"class":69},[55,73961,3413],{"class":91},[55,73963,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,73965,3680],{"class":91},[55,73967,3077],{"class":69},[55,73969,3878],{"class":73},[55,73971,3077],{"class":69},[55,73973,2764],{"class":91},[55,73975,3072],{"class":69},[55,73977,3869],{"class":73},[55,73979,3077],{"class":69},[55,73981,2764],{"class":91},[55,73983,3072],{"class":69},[55,73985,3860],{"class":73},[55,73987,3077],{"class":69},[55,73989,3413],{"class":91},[20,73991,73992,73993,92],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[166,73994,73995],{"href":73312},"Python list slicing explained",[131,73997,73999],{"id":73998},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74001,74002],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[46,74004,74006],{"className":48,"code":74005,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74007,74008,74028,74042,74046,74057],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74009,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74011,3395],{"class":61},[55,74013,66],{"class":65},[55,74015,3400],{"class":91},[55,74017,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74019,2764],{"class":91},[55,74021,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74023,2764],{"class":91},[55,74025,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74027,3413],{"class":91},[55,74029,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74031,55661],{"class":61},[55,74033,66],{"class":65},[55,74035,4045],{"class":61},[55,74037,92],{"class":91},[55,74039,73350],{"class":95},[55,74041,99],{"class":91},[55,74043,74044],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74045,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74047,74048,74050,74052,74055],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74049,106],{"class":105},[55,74051,109],{"class":91},[55,74053,74054],{"class":95},"new_list",[55,74056,342],{"class":91},[55,74058,74059,74061,74063,74065],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,74060,106],{"class":105},[55,74062,109],{"class":91},[55,74064,3427],{"class":95},[55,74066,342],{"class":91},[20,74068,357],{},[46,74070,74072],{"className":48,"code":74071,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74073,74074,74078],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74075,74076],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74077,11588],{"class":3631},[55,74079,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74081,3680],{"class":91},[55,74083,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74085,2764],{"class":91},[55,74087,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74089,2764],{"class":91},[55,74091,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74093,3413],{"class":91},[20,74095,11680],{},[30,74097,74098,74106,74110],{},[33,74099,74100,74102,74103,74105],{},[15,74101,73294],{}," changes ",[15,74104,3427],{}," directly",[33,74107,40679,74108,71612],{},[123,74109,902],{},[33,74111,53424,74112,41928,74114],{},[15,74113,74054],{},[15,74115,3556],{},[20,74117,61670],{},[46,74119,74121],{"className":48,"code":74120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74122,74123,74143,74153,74157],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74124,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74126,3395],{"class":61},[55,74128,66],{"class":65},[55,74130,3400],{"class":91},[55,74132,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74134,2764],{"class":91},[55,74136,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74138,2764],{"class":91},[55,74140,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74142,3413],{"class":91},[55,74144,74145,74147,74149,74151],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74146,3427],{"class":61},[55,74148,92],{"class":91},[55,74150,73350],{"class":95},[55,74152,99],{"class":91},[55,74154,74155],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74156,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74158,74159,74161,74163,74165],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74160,106],{"class":105},[55,74162,109],{"class":91},[55,74164,3427],{"class":95},[55,74166,342],{"class":91},[20,74168,357],{},[46,74170,74172],{"className":48,"code":74171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74173,74174],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74175,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74177,3680],{"class":91},[55,74179,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74181,2764],{"class":91},[55,74183,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74185,2764],{"class":91},[55,74187,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74189,3413],{"class":91},[131,74191,74193,1477,74195,74198],{"id":74192},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74194,73294],{},[15,74196,74197],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74200,74201],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1003,74203,74204],{"id":73350},[15,74205,73294],{},[20,74207,74208,74210],{},[15,74209,73294],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[46,74212,74214],{"className":48,"code":74213,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74215,74216,74236,74246],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74217,74218,74220,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74219,3395],{"class":61},[55,74221,66],{"class":65},[55,74223,3400],{"class":91},[55,74225,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74227,2764],{"class":91},[55,74229,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74231,2764],{"class":91},[55,74233,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74235,3413],{"class":91},[55,74237,74238,74240,74242,74244],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74239,3427],{"class":61},[55,74241,92],{"class":91},[55,74243,73350],{"class":95},[55,74245,99],{"class":91},[55,74247,74248,74250,74252,74254],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74249,106],{"class":105},[55,74251,109],{"class":91},[55,74253,3427],{"class":95},[55,74255,342],{"class":91},[20,74257,357],{},[46,74259,74261],{"className":48,"code":74260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74262,74263],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74264,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74266,3680],{"class":91},[55,74268,1829],{"class":1210},[55,74270,2764],{"class":91},[55,74272,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74274,2764],{"class":91},[55,74276,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74278,3413],{"class":91},[20,74280,74281,74282,74284],{},"Notice that this is ",[123,74283,902],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1003,74286,74288],{"id":74287},"sorted",[15,74289,74197],{},[20,74291,74292,74297],{},[166,74293,74295],{"href":74294},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74296,74197],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[46,74299,74301],{"className":48,"code":74300,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74302,74303,74323,74338,74342,74352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74304,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74306,3395],{"class":61},[55,74308,66],{"class":65},[55,74310,3400],{"class":91},[55,74312,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74314,2764],{"class":91},[55,74316,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74318,2764],{"class":91},[55,74320,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74322,3413],{"class":91},[55,74324,74325,74327,74329,74332,74334,74336],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74326,83],{"class":61},[55,74328,66],{"class":65},[55,74330,74331],{"class":105}," sorted",[55,74333,109],{"class":91},[55,74335,3427],{"class":95},[55,74337,342],{"class":91},[55,74339,74340],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74341,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74345,106],{"class":105},[55,74347,109],{"class":91},[55,74349,3427],{"class":95},[55,74351,342],{"class":91},[55,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,74355,106],{"class":105},[55,74357,109],{"class":91},[55,74359,112],{"class":95},[55,74361,342],{"class":91},[20,74363,357],{},[46,74365,74367],{"className":48,"code":74366,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74368,74369,74385],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74370,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74372,3680],{"class":91},[55,74374,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74376,2764],{"class":91},[55,74378,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74380,2764],{"class":91},[55,74382,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74384,3413],{"class":91},[55,74386,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74388,3680],{"class":91},[55,74390,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74392,2764],{"class":91},[55,74394,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74396,2764],{"class":91},[55,74398,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74400,3413],{"class":91},[20,74402,74403,74404,92],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74405,74406],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1003,74408,74410],{"id":74409},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74412,74413,74414,74417],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74415,74416],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[46,74419,74421],{"className":48,"code":74420,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74422,74423,74443,74459,74463,74473],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74424,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74426,3395],{"class":61},[55,74428,66],{"class":65},[55,74430,3400],{"class":91},[55,74432,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74434,2764],{"class":91},[55,74436,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74438,2764],{"class":91},[55,74440,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74442,3413],{"class":91},[55,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74446,83],{"class":61},[55,74448,66],{"class":65},[55,74450,4045],{"class":61},[55,74452,73895],{"class":91},[55,74454,1794],{"class":65},[55,74456,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74458,3413],{"class":91},[55,74460,74461],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74462,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74464,74465,74467,74469,74471],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74466,106],{"class":105},[55,74468,109],{"class":91},[55,74470,3427],{"class":95},[55,74472,342],{"class":91},[55,74474,74475,74477,74479,74481],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,74476,106],{"class":105},[55,74478,109],{"class":91},[55,74480,112],{"class":95},[55,74482,342],{"class":91},[20,74484,357],{},[46,74486,74488],{"className":48,"code":74487,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74489,74490,74506],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74491,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74493,3680],{"class":91},[55,74495,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74497,2764],{"class":91},[55,74499,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74501,2764],{"class":91},[55,74503,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74505,3413],{"class":91},[55,74507,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74509,3680],{"class":91},[55,74511,1829],{"class":1210},[55,74513,2764],{"class":91},[55,74515,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74517,2764],{"class":91},[55,74519,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74521,3413],{"class":91},[1003,74523,74525],{"id":74524},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74527,74528,74533,74538],{},[33,74529,1866,74530,74532],{},[15,74531,73294],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74534,1866,74535,74537],{},[15,74536,74416],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74539,1866,74540,74542],{},[15,74541,74197],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74544,74545,74546,74552],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[166,74547,74549,74550,1573],{"href":74548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74551,64084],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[131,74554,4744,74556],{"id":74555},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74557,73294],{},[20,74559,74560,74562],{},[15,74561,73294],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74564,74565,74568,74571],{},[33,74566,74567],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74569,74570],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74572,74573],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74575,74576,74577,92],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[166,74578,74580],{"href":74579},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[131,74582,1001],{"id":1000},[20,74584,74585,74586,74588],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74587,73294],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74590,74591,74595,74600,74605],{},[33,74592,12375,74593,12378],{},[15,74594,73294],{},[33,74596,8235,74597,74599],{},[15,74598,73294],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74601,1185,74602,74604],{},[15,74603,73294],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74606,36975,74607,8483,74609],{},[15,74608,73294],{},[15,74610,74611],{},"reversed()",[20,74613,74614],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[46,74616,74618],{"className":48,"code":74617,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74619,74620,74632],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74621,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74623,62],{"class":61},[55,74625,66],{"class":65},[55,74627,70],{"class":69},[55,74629,3624],{"class":73},[55,74631,77],{"class":69},[55,74633,74634,74636,74638,74640],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74635,352],{"class":61},[55,74637,92],{"class":91},[55,74639,73350],{"class":95},[55,74641,99],{"class":91},[20,74643,74644,74645,1232],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74646,73294],{},[20,74648,74649],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[46,74651,74653],{"className":48,"code":74652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74654,74655,74675,74679,74689,74703,74707,74721,74731,74735],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74656,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74658,8090],{"class":61},[55,74660,66],{"class":65},[55,74662,3400],{"class":91},[55,74664,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74666,2764],{"class":91},[55,74668,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74670,2764],{"class":91},[55,74672,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74674,3413],{"class":91},[55,74676,74677],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74678,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74680,74681,74683,74685,74687],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74682,106],{"class":105},[55,74684,109],{"class":91},[55,74686,8121],{"class":95},[55,74688,342],{"class":91},[55,74690,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74692,106],{"class":105},[55,74694,109],{"class":91},[55,74696,1266],{"class":1265},[55,74698,109],{"class":91},[55,74700,8121],{"class":95},[55,74702,1273],{"class":91},[55,74704,74705],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,74706,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74708,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,74710,83],{"class":61},[55,74712,66],{"class":65},[55,74714,8178],{"class":61},[55,74716,92],{"class":91},[55,74718,73350],{"class":95},[55,74720,99],{"class":91},[55,74722,74723,74725,74727,74729],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,74724,106],{"class":105},[55,74726,109],{"class":91},[55,74728,112],{"class":95},[55,74730,342],{"class":91},[55,74732,74733],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,74734,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74736,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747,74749],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,74738,106],{"class":105},[55,74740,109],{"class":91},[55,74742,8121],{"class":95},[55,74744,73895],{"class":91},[55,74746,1794],{"class":65},[55,74748,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74750,3668],{"class":91},[20,74752,357],{},[46,74754,74756],{"className":48,"code":74755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74757,74758,74774,74788,74792],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74759,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770,74772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74761,3680],{"class":91},[55,74763,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74765,2764],{"class":91},[55,74767,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74769,2764],{"class":91},[55,74771,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74773,3413],{"class":91},[55,74775,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74777,3066],{"class":65},[55,74779,3069],{"class":1838},[55,74781,3072],{"class":69},[55,74783,7877],{"class":73},[55,74785,3077],{"class":69},[55,74787,3080],{"class":65},[55,74789,74790],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74791,11588],{"class":3631},[55,74793,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74795,3680],{"class":91},[55,74797,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74799,2764],{"class":91},[55,74801,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74803,2764],{"class":91},[55,74805,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74807,3413],{"class":91},[20,74809,74810],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[46,74812,74814],{"className":48,"code":74813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74815,74816,74836,74840,74850,74864,74868,74882,74892,74902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74817,74818,74820,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74819,8090],{"class":61},[55,74821,66],{"class":65},[55,74823,3400],{"class":91},[55,74825,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74827,2764],{"class":91},[55,74829,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74831,2764],{"class":91},[55,74833,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74835,3413],{"class":91},[55,74837,74838],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74839,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74841,74842,74844,74846,74848],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74843,106],{"class":105},[55,74845,109],{"class":91},[55,74847,8121],{"class":95},[55,74849,342],{"class":91},[55,74851,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74853,106],{"class":105},[55,74855,109],{"class":91},[55,74857,1266],{"class":1265},[55,74859,109],{"class":91},[55,74861,8121],{"class":95},[55,74863,1273],{"class":91},[55,74865,74866],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,74867,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,74869,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,74871,83],{"class":61},[55,74873,66],{"class":65},[55,74875,8178],{"class":61},[55,74877,92],{"class":91},[55,74879,73350],{"class":95},[55,74881,99],{"class":91},[55,74883,74884,74886,74888,74890],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,74885,106],{"class":105},[55,74887,109],{"class":91},[55,74889,112],{"class":95},[55,74891,342],{"class":91},[55,74893,74894,74896,74898,74900],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,74895,106],{"class":105},[55,74897,109],{"class":91},[55,74899,8121],{"class":95},[55,74901,342],{"class":91},[55,74903,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,74905,106],{"class":105},[55,74907,109],{"class":91},[55,74909,8121],{"class":95},[55,74911,73895],{"class":91},[55,74913,1794],{"class":65},[55,74915,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74917,3668],{"class":91},[20,74919,357],{},[46,74921,74923],{"className":48,"code":74922,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74924,74925,74941,74955,74959,74975],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74926,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74928,3680],{"class":91},[55,74930,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74932,2764],{"class":91},[55,74934,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74936,2764],{"class":91},[55,74938,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74940,3413],{"class":91},[55,74942,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,74944,3066],{"class":65},[55,74946,3069],{"class":1838},[55,74948,3072],{"class":69},[55,74950,7877],{"class":73},[55,74952,3077],{"class":69},[55,74954,3080],{"class":65},[55,74956,74957],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,74958,11588],{"class":3631},[55,74960,74961,74963,74965,74967,74969,74971,74973],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,74962,3680],{"class":91},[55,74964,1835],{"class":1210},[55,74966,2764],{"class":91},[55,74968,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74970,2764],{"class":91},[55,74972,5282],{"class":1210},[55,74974,3413],{"class":91},[55,74976,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,74978,3680],{"class":91},[55,74980,2761],{"class":1210},[55,74982,2764],{"class":91},[55,74984,2767],{"class":1210},[55,74986,2764],{"class":91},[55,74988,2223],{"class":1210},[55,74990,3413],{"class":91},[20,74992,74993],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,74995,74996,75005,75014],{},[33,74997,27568,74998,75001,75002],{},[15,74999,75000],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75003,75004],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,75006,11696,75007,75010,75011,22336],{},[15,75008,75009],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[123,75012,75013],{},"current",[33,75015,75016,75017],{},"So it prints ",[15,75018,75019],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[131,75021,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,75023,1581,75025,55240],{"id":75024},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75026,73299],{},[20,75028,62375,75029,92],{},[15,75030,3556],{},[1003,75032,33978,75034,33981,75036,1631],{"id":75033},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75035,73294],{},[15,75037,75038],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75040,75041,75043],{},[15,75042,73294],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75045,75046,75048],{},[15,75047,75038],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1003,75050,1613,75052,75054],{"id":75051},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75053,73294],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75056,46135,75057,75059],{},[15,75058,73294],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1003,75061,75063],{"id":75062},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75065,75066],{},"Use slicing:",[46,75068,75070],{"className":48,"code":75069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75071,75072],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75073,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75075,8121],{"class":61},[55,75077,73895],{"class":91},[55,75079,1794],{"class":65},[55,75081,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75083,3413],{"class":91},[20,75085,75086],{},"Or use:",[46,75088,75090],{"className":48,"code":75089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75091,75092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75093,75094,75096,75098,75101,75103,75105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75095,7877],{"class":1265},[55,75097,109],{"class":91},[55,75099,75100],{"class":105},"reversed",[55,75102,109],{"class":91},[55,75104,8121],{"class":95},[55,75106,1273],{"class":91},[20,75108,75109,75110,75114],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[166,75111,55291,75112],{"href":54731},[15,75113,12556],{}," can also help.",[131,75116,1643],{"id":1642},[30,75118,75119,75125,75131,75135,75139],{},[33,75120,75121],{},[166,75122,55291,75123,1573],{"href":74548},[15,75124,64084],{},[33,75126,75127],{},[166,75128,1686,75129,1689],{"href":74294},[15,75130,74197],{},[33,75132,75133],{},[166,75134,74580],{"href":74579},[33,75136,75137],{},[166,75138,73995],{"href":73312},[33,75140,75141],{},[166,75142,55291,75143,1573],{"href":54731},[15,75144,12556],{},[1696,75146,75147],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":75149},[75150,75151,75153,75154,75155,75157,75158,75165,75167,75168,75177],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":73373,"depth":80,"text":75152},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":73732,"depth":80,"text":75156},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73998,"depth":80,"text":73999},{"id":74192,"depth":80,"text":75159,"children":75160},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75161,75162,75163,75164],{"id":73350,"depth":102,"text":73294},{"id":74287,"depth":102,"text":74197},{"id":74409,"depth":102,"text":74410},{"id":74524,"depth":102,"text":74525},{"id":74555,"depth":80,"text":75166},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":75169},[75170,75172,75174,75176],{"id":75024,"depth":102,"text":75171},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75033,"depth":102,"text":75173},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75051,"depth":102,"text":75175},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75062,"depth":102,"text":75063},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73286,"description":75178},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75185,"title":75186,"body":75187,"description":77620,"extension":1733,"meta":77621,"navigation":248,"path":77622,"seo":77623,"stem":77624,"__hash__":77625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75188,"toc":77588},[75189,75192,75204,75207,75230,75238,75240,75352,75361,75365,75368,75371,75458,75460,75493,75495,75518,75524,75528,75531,75553,75555,75572,75575,75595,75597,75707,75709,75786,75790,75793,75836,75838,75971,75973,76075,76080,76084,76087,76089,76103,76106,76220,76222,76296,76298,76326,76330,76335,76365,76368,76494,76496,76578,76584,76588,76590,76629,76638,76642,76645,76649,76696,76698,76706,76710,76761,76763,76776,76778,76792,76795,76803,76805,76852,76854,76862,76865,76908,76913,76916,76919,76942,76946,76997,77000,77021,77031,77035,77037,77067,77070,77093,77097,77100,77167,77169,77206,77209,77217,77284,77286,77323,77329,77336,77340,77343,77373,77378,77382,77385,77409,77412,77506,77516,77518,77522,77525,77529,77532,77537,77540,77546,77549,77551,77579,77585],[10,75190,75186],{"id":75191},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75193,75194,75195,1963,75197,16850,75200,75203],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75196,35842],{},[15,75198,75199],{},"stop",[15,75201,75202],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75205,75206],{},"The basic slice form is:",[46,75208,75210],{"className":48,"code":75209,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75211,75212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75213,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75215,8121],{"class":61},[55,75217,3680],{"class":91},[55,75219,35842],{"class":61},[55,75221,539],{"class":91},[55,75223,75199],{"class":61},[55,75225,539],{"class":91},[55,75227,75202],{"class":61},[55,75229,3413],{"class":91},[20,75231,75232,75233,75235,75236,92],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75234,75199],{}," position is ",[123,75237,64842],{},[131,75239,1775],{"id":1774},[46,75241,75243],{"className":48,"code":75242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75244,75245,75273,75277,75298,75316,75333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75246,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75248,3395],{"class":61},[55,75250,66],{"class":65},[55,75252,3400],{"class":91},[55,75254,2101],{"class":1210},[55,75256,2764],{"class":91},[55,75258,7574],{"class":1210},[55,75260,2764],{"class":91},[55,75262,7579],{"class":1210},[55,75264,2764],{"class":91},[55,75266,50615],{"class":1210},[55,75268,2764],{"class":91},[55,75270,4864],{"class":1210},[55,75272,3413],{"class":91},[55,75274,75275],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,75276,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,75278,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,75280,106],{"class":105},[55,75282,109],{"class":91},[55,75284,3427],{"class":95},[55,75286,3680],{"class":91},[55,75288,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75290,539],{"class":91},[55,75292,2277],{"class":1210},[55,75294,20224],{"class":91},[55,75296,75297],{"class":118},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[55,75299,75300,75302,75304,75306,75309,75311,75313],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,75301,106],{"class":105},[55,75303,109],{"class":91},[55,75305,3427],{"class":95},[55,75307,75308],{"class":91},"[:",[55,75310,1835],{"class":1210},[55,75312,20224],{"class":91},[55,75314,75315],{"class":118},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[55,75317,75318,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,75319,106],{"class":105},[55,75321,109],{"class":91},[55,75323,3427],{"class":95},[55,75325,73895],{"class":91},[55,75327,1829],{"class":1210},[55,75329,20224],{"class":91},[55,75331,75332],{"class":118},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[55,75334,75335,75337,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,75336,106],{"class":105},[55,75338,109],{"class":91},[55,75340,3427],{"class":95},[55,75342,73895],{"class":91},[55,75344,1794],{"class":65},[55,75346,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75348,20224],{"class":91},[55,75350,75351],{"class":118},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75353,1866,75354,75357,75358,75360],{},[15,75355,75356],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75359,75199],{}," value is not included.",[131,75362,75364],{"id":75363},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75366,75367],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75369,75370],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[46,75372,75374],{"className":48,"code":75373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75375,75376,75424,75428,75447],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75377,75378,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75379,35860],{"class":61},[55,75381,66],{"class":65},[55,75383,3400],{"class":91},[55,75385,228],{"class":69},[55,75387,166],{"class":73},[55,75389,228],{"class":69},[55,75391,2764],{"class":91},[55,75393,70],{"class":69},[55,75395,4543],{"class":73},[55,75397,228],{"class":69},[55,75399,2764],{"class":91},[55,75401,70],{"class":69},[55,75403,9520],{"class":73},[55,75405,228],{"class":69},[55,75407,2764],{"class":91},[55,75409,70],{"class":69},[55,75411,18545],{"class":73},[55,75413,228],{"class":69},[55,75415,2764],{"class":91},[55,75417,70],{"class":69},[55,75419,60220],{"class":73},[55,75421,228],{"class":69},[55,75423,3413],{"class":91},[55,75425,75426],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,75427,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,75429,75430,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,75431,75432],{"class":61},"part ",[55,75434,66],{"class":65},[55,75436,69869],{"class":61},[55,75438,3680],{"class":91},[55,75440,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75442,539],{"class":91},[55,75444,2277],{"class":1210},[55,75446,3413],{"class":91},[55,75448,75449,75451,75453,75456],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,75450,106],{"class":105},[55,75452,109],{"class":91},[55,75454,75455],{"class":95},"part",[55,75457,342],{"class":91},[20,75459,357],{},[46,75461,75463],{"className":48,"code":75462,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75464,75465],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75466,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75468,3680],{"class":91},[55,75470,3077],{"class":69},[55,75472,4543],{"class":73},[55,75474,3077],{"class":69},[55,75476,2764],{"class":91},[55,75478,3072],{"class":69},[55,75480,9520],{"class":73},[55,75482,3077],{"class":69},[55,75484,2764],{"class":91},[55,75486,3072],{"class":69},[55,75488,18545],{"class":73},[55,75490,3077],{"class":69},[55,75492,3413],{"class":91},[20,75494,145],{},[30,75496,75497,75500,75503,75509,75515],{},[33,75498,75499],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75501,75502],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75504,75505,75506],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75507,75508],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75510,75511,75512,75514],{},"The item at ",[15,75513,75199],{}," is not included",[33,75516,75517],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75519,75520,75521,92],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[166,75522,75523],{"href":50749},"beginner guide to Python lists",[131,75525,75527],{"id":75526},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75529,75530],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[46,75532,75533],{"className":48,"code":75209,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,75534,75535],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75536,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75538,8121],{"class":61},[55,75540,3680],{"class":91},[55,75542,35842],{"class":61},[55,75544,539],{"class":91},[55,75546,75199],{"class":61},[55,75548,539],{"class":91},[55,75550,75202],{"class":61},[55,75552,3413],{"class":91},[20,75554,64818],{},[30,75556,75557,75562,75567],{},[33,75558,75559,75561],{},[15,75560,35842],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75563,75564,75566],{},[15,75565,75199],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75568,75569,75571],{},[15,75570,75202],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75573,75574],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75576,75577,75583,75588],{},[33,75578,75579,75580,75582],{},"Missing ",[15,75581,35842],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75584,75579,75585,75587],{},[15,75586,75199],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75589,75579,75590,75592,75593],{},[15,75591,75202],{}," means use ",[15,75594,2761],{},[20,75596,214],{},[46,75598,75600],{"className":48,"code":75599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75601,75602,75630,75634,75655,75672,75690],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75603,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75605,3395],{"class":61},[55,75607,66],{"class":65},[55,75609,3400],{"class":91},[55,75611,2101],{"class":1210},[55,75613,2764],{"class":91},[55,75615,7574],{"class":1210},[55,75617,2764],{"class":91},[55,75619,7579],{"class":1210},[55,75621,2764],{"class":91},[55,75623,50615],{"class":1210},[55,75625,2764],{"class":91},[55,75627,4864],{"class":1210},[55,75629,3413],{"class":91},[55,75631,75632],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,75633,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,75635,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,75637,106],{"class":105},[55,75639,109],{"class":91},[55,75641,3427],{"class":95},[55,75643,3680],{"class":91},[55,75645,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75647,539],{"class":91},[55,75649,2277],{"class":1210},[55,75651,20224],{"class":91},[55,75653,75654],{"class":118},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[55,75656,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665,75667,75669],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,75658,106],{"class":105},[55,75660,109],{"class":91},[55,75662,3427],{"class":95},[55,75664,75308],{"class":91},[55,75666,1835],{"class":1210},[55,75668,20224],{"class":91},[55,75670,75671],{"class":118},"    # start from the beginning\n",[55,75673,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75687],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,75675,106],{"class":105},[55,75677,109],{"class":91},[55,75679,3427],{"class":95},[55,75681,3680],{"class":91},[55,75683,1829],{"class":1210},[55,75685,75686],{"class":91},":])",[55,75688,75689],{"class":118},"    # go to the end\n",[55,75691,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,75693,106],{"class":105},[55,75695,109],{"class":91},[55,75697,3427],{"class":95},[55,75699,73895],{"class":91},[55,75701,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75703,20224],{"class":91},[55,75705,75706],{"class":118},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75708,357],{},[46,75710,75712],{"className":48,"code":75711,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75713,75714,75730,75746,75762],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75715,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75717,3680],{"class":91},[55,75719,15533],{"class":1210},[55,75721,2764],{"class":91},[55,75723,7579],{"class":1210},[55,75725,2764],{"class":91},[55,75727,50615],{"class":1210},[55,75729,3413],{"class":91},[55,75731,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,75733,3680],{"class":91},[55,75735,2101],{"class":1210},[55,75737,2764],{"class":91},[55,75739,7574],{"class":1210},[55,75741,2764],{"class":91},[55,75743,7579],{"class":1210},[55,75745,3413],{"class":91},[55,75747,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,75749,3680],{"class":91},[55,75751,36612],{"class":1210},[55,75753,2764],{"class":91},[55,75755,50615],{"class":1210},[55,75757,2764],{"class":91},[55,75759,4864],{"class":1210},[55,75761,3413],{"class":91},[55,75763,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,75765,3680],{"class":91},[55,75767,2101],{"class":1210},[55,75769,2764],{"class":91},[55,75771,7574],{"class":1210},[55,75773,2764],{"class":91},[55,75775,7579],{"class":1210},[55,75777,2764],{"class":91},[55,75779,50615],{"class":1210},[55,75781,2764],{"class":91},[55,75783,4864],{"class":1210},[55,75785,3413],{"class":91},[131,75787,75789],{"id":75788},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75791,75792],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75794,75795,75804,75813,75824,75830],{},[33,75796,75797,75800,75801,5751],{},[15,75798,75799],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75802,75803],{},"n",[33,75805,75806,75809,75810,75812],{},[15,75807,75808],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75811,75803],{}," to the end",[33,75814,75815,75818,75819,75821,75822],{},[15,75816,75817],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75820,166],{}," up to ",[15,75823,4543],{},[33,75825,75826,75829],{},[15,75827,75828],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75831,75832,75835],{},[15,75833,75834],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75837,214],{},[46,75839,75841],{"className":48,"code":75840,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75842,75843,75876,75880,75897,75914,75935,75952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75844,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75846,3395],{"class":61},[55,75848,66],{"class":65},[55,75850,3400],{"class":91},[55,75852,2101],{"class":1210},[55,75854,2764],{"class":91},[55,75856,7574],{"class":1210},[55,75858,2764],{"class":91},[55,75860,7579],{"class":1210},[55,75862,2764],{"class":91},[55,75864,50615],{"class":1210},[55,75866,2764],{"class":91},[55,75868,4864],{"class":1210},[55,75870,2764],{"class":91},[55,75872,75873],{"class":1210}," 60",[55,75875,3413],{"class":91},[55,75877,75878],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,75879,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,75881,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,75883,106],{"class":105},[55,75885,109],{"class":91},[55,75887,3427],{"class":95},[55,75889,75308],{"class":91},[55,75891,1835],{"class":1210},[55,75893,20224],{"class":91},[55,75895,75896],{"class":118},"    # first 3 items\n",[55,75898,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,75900,106],{"class":105},[55,75902,109],{"class":91},[55,75904,3427],{"class":95},[55,75906,3680],{"class":91},[55,75908,1835],{"class":1210},[55,75910,75686],{"class":91},[55,75912,75913],{"class":118},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[55,75915,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,75917,106],{"class":105},[55,75919,109],{"class":91},[55,75921,3427],{"class":95},[55,75923,3680],{"class":91},[55,75925,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75927,539],{"class":91},[55,75929,1911],{"class":1210},[55,75931,20224],{"class":91},[55,75933,75934],{"class":118},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[55,75936,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,75938,106],{"class":105},[55,75940,109],{"class":91},[55,75942,3427],{"class":95},[55,75944,73895],{"class":91},[55,75946,1829],{"class":1210},[55,75948,20224],{"class":91},[55,75950,75951],{"class":118},"   # every second item\n",[55,75953,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,75955,106],{"class":105},[55,75957,109],{"class":91},[55,75959,3427],{"class":95},[55,75961,73895],{"class":91},[55,75963,1794],{"class":65},[55,75965,2761],{"class":1210},[55,75967,20224],{"class":91},[55,75969,75970],{"class":118},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75972,357],{},[46,75974,75976],{"className":48,"code":75975,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75977,75978,75994,76010,76030,76046],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75979,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75981,3680],{"class":91},[55,75983,2101],{"class":1210},[55,75985,2764],{"class":91},[55,75987,7574],{"class":1210},[55,75989,2764],{"class":91},[55,75991,7579],{"class":1210},[55,75993,3413],{"class":91},[55,75995,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,75997,3680],{"class":91},[55,75999,56464],{"class":1210},[55,76001,2764],{"class":91},[55,76003,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76005,2764],{"class":91},[55,76007,75873],{"class":1210},[55,76009,3413],{"class":91},[55,76011,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76013,3680],{"class":91},[55,76015,15533],{"class":1210},[55,76017,2764],{"class":91},[55,76019,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76021,2764],{"class":91},[55,76023,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76025,2764],{"class":91},[55,76027,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76029,3413],{"class":91},[55,76031,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,76033,3680],{"class":91},[55,76035,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76037,2764],{"class":91},[55,76039,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76041,2764],{"class":91},[55,76043,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76045,3413],{"class":91},[55,76047,76048,76050,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,76049,3680],{"class":91},[55,76051,76052],{"class":1210},"60",[55,76054,2764],{"class":91},[55,76056,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76058,2764],{"class":91},[55,76060,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76062,2764],{"class":91},[55,76064,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76066,2764],{"class":91},[55,76068,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76070,2764],{"class":91},[55,76072,5790],{"class":1210},[55,76074,3413],{"class":91},[20,76076,76077,76078,92],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[166,76079,14668],{"href":56991},[131,76081,76083],{"id":76082},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76085,76086],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76088,5256],{},[30,76090,76091,76097],{},[33,76092,76093,76096],{},[15,76094,76095],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,76098,76099,76102],{},[15,76100,76101],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76104,76105],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[46,76107,76109],{"className":48,"code":76108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76110,76111,76159,76163,76182,76201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76112,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76114,35860],{"class":61},[55,76116,66],{"class":65},[55,76118,3400],{"class":91},[55,76120,228],{"class":69},[55,76122,166],{"class":73},[55,76124,228],{"class":69},[55,76126,2764],{"class":91},[55,76128,70],{"class":69},[55,76130,4543],{"class":73},[55,76132,228],{"class":69},[55,76134,2764],{"class":91},[55,76136,70],{"class":69},[55,76138,9520],{"class":73},[55,76140,228],{"class":69},[55,76142,2764],{"class":91},[55,76144,70],{"class":69},[55,76146,18545],{"class":73},[55,76148,228],{"class":69},[55,76150,2764],{"class":91},[55,76152,70],{"class":69},[55,76154,60220],{"class":73},[55,76156,228],{"class":69},[55,76158,3413],{"class":91},[55,76160,76161],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76162,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,76164,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76166,106],{"class":105},[55,76168,109],{"class":91},[55,76170,35913],{"class":95},[55,76172,3680],{"class":91},[55,76174,1794],{"class":65},[55,76176,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76178,20224],{"class":91},[55,76180,76181],{"class":118},"    # last item\n",[55,76183,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,76185,106],{"class":105},[55,76187,109],{"class":91},[55,76189,35913],{"class":95},[55,76191,3680],{"class":91},[55,76193,1794],{"class":65},[55,76195,1835],{"class":1210},[55,76197,75686],{"class":91},[55,76199,76200],{"class":118},"   # last 3 items\n",[55,76202,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,76204,106],{"class":105},[55,76206,109],{"class":91},[55,76208,35913],{"class":95},[55,76210,75308],{"class":91},[55,76212,1794],{"class":65},[55,76214,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76216,20224],{"class":91},[55,76218,76219],{"class":118},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76221,357],{},[46,76223,76225],{"className":48,"code":76224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76226,76227,76232,76260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76228,76229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76230,76231],{"class":61},"e\n",[55,76233,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76235,3680],{"class":91},[55,76237,3077],{"class":69},[55,76239,9520],{"class":73},[55,76241,3077],{"class":69},[55,76243,2764],{"class":91},[55,76245,3072],{"class":69},[55,76247,18545],{"class":73},[55,76249,3077],{"class":69},[55,76251,2764],{"class":91},[55,76253,3072],{"class":69},[55,76255,60220],{"class":73},[55,76257,3077],{"class":69},[55,76259,3413],{"class":91},[55,76261,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76263,3680],{"class":91},[55,76265,3077],{"class":69},[55,76267,166],{"class":73},[55,76269,3077],{"class":69},[55,76271,2764],{"class":91},[55,76273,3072],{"class":69},[55,76275,4543],{"class":73},[55,76277,3077],{"class":69},[55,76279,2764],{"class":91},[55,76281,3072],{"class":69},[55,76283,9520],{"class":73},[55,76285,3077],{"class":69},[55,76287,2764],{"class":91},[55,76289,3072],{"class":69},[55,76291,18545],{"class":73},[55,76293,3077],{"class":69},[55,76295,3413],{"class":91},[20,76297,145],{},[30,76299,76300,76303,76307,76313,76319],{},[33,76301,76302],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76304,76305,76096],{},[15,76306,76095],{},[33,76308,76309,76312],{},[15,76310,76311],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76314,76315,76318],{},[15,76316,76317],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76320,76321,76322,1377,76324],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76323,35842],{},[15,76325,75199],{},[131,76327,76329],{"id":76328},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76331,1750,76332,76334],{},[15,76333,75202],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76336,76337,76340,76343,76348,76358],{},[33,76338,76339],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76341,76342],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76344,76345,76347],{},[15,76346,75834],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76349,8654,76350,76352,76353,76355,76356],{},[15,76351,75202],{}," is negative, ",[15,76354,35842],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76357,75199],{},[33,76359,76360,76362,76363],{},[15,76361,75202],{}," cannot be ",[15,76364,1894],{},[20,76366,76367],{},"Example with different step values:",[46,76369,76371],{"className":48,"code":76370,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76372,76373,76405,76409,76426,76448,76467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76374,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76376,3395],{"class":61},[55,76378,66],{"class":65},[55,76380,3400],{"class":91},[55,76382,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76384,2764],{"class":91},[55,76386,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76388,2764],{"class":91},[55,76390,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76392,2764],{"class":91},[55,76394,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76396,2764],{"class":91},[55,76398,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76400,2764],{"class":91},[55,76402,75873],{"class":1210},[55,76404,3413],{"class":91},[55,76406,76407],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76408,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,76410,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76412,106],{"class":105},[55,76414,109],{"class":91},[55,76416,3427],{"class":95},[55,76418,73895],{"class":91},[55,76420,1829],{"class":1210},[55,76422,20224],{"class":91},[55,76424,76425],{"class":118},"     # every second item\n",[55,76427,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76441,76443,76445],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,76429,106],{"class":105},[55,76431,109],{"class":91},[55,76433,3427],{"class":95},[55,76435,3680],{"class":91},[55,76437,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76439,76440],{"class":91},"::",[55,76442,1829],{"class":1210},[55,76444,20224],{"class":91},[55,76446,76447],{"class":118},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[55,76449,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,76451,106],{"class":105},[55,76453,109],{"class":91},[55,76455,3427],{"class":95},[55,76457,73895],{"class":91},[55,76459,1794],{"class":65},[55,76461,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76463,20224],{"class":91},[55,76465,76466],{"class":118},"    # reverse the list\n",[55,76468,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,76470,106],{"class":105},[55,76472,109],{"class":91},[55,76474,3427],{"class":95},[55,76476,3680],{"class":91},[55,76478,2277],{"class":1210},[55,76480,539],{"class":91},[55,76482,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76484,539],{"class":91},[55,76486,1794],{"class":65},[55,76488,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76490,20224],{"class":91},[55,76492,76493],{"class":118},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76495,357],{},[46,76497,76499],{"className":48,"code":76498,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76500,76501,76517,76533,76561],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76502,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76504,3680],{"class":91},[55,76506,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76508,2764],{"class":91},[55,76510,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76512,2764],{"class":91},[55,76514,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76516,3413],{"class":91},[55,76518,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76520,3680],{"class":91},[55,76522,15533],{"class":1210},[55,76524,2764],{"class":91},[55,76526,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76528,2764],{"class":91},[55,76530,75873],{"class":1210},[55,76532,3413],{"class":91},[55,76534,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76536,3680],{"class":91},[55,76538,76052],{"class":1210},[55,76540,2764],{"class":91},[55,76542,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76544,2764],{"class":91},[55,76546,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76548,2764],{"class":91},[55,76550,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76552,2764],{"class":91},[55,76554,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76556,2764],{"class":91},[55,76558,5790],{"class":1210},[55,76560,3413],{"class":91},[55,76562,76563,76565,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,76564,3680],{"class":91},[55,76566,76567],{"class":1210},"50",[55,76569,2764],{"class":91},[55,76571,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76573,2764],{"class":91},[55,76575,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76577,3413],{"class":91},[20,76579,76580,76581,92],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[166,76582,76583],{"href":74579},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1003,76585,76587],{"id":76586},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76589,2609],{},[46,76591,76593],{"className":48,"code":76592,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76594,76595,76615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76596,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76598,3395],{"class":61},[55,76600,66],{"class":65},[55,76602,3400],{"class":91},[55,76604,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76606,2764],{"class":91},[55,76608,2767],{"class":1210},[55,76610,2764],{"class":91},[55,76612,2223],{"class":1210},[55,76614,3413],{"class":91},[55,76616,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76618,106],{"class":105},[55,76620,109],{"class":91},[55,76622,3427],{"class":95},[55,76624,73895],{"class":91},[55,76626,1894],{"class":1210},[55,76628,3668],{"class":91},[20,76630,76631,76632,76634,76635,76637],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76633,40477],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76636,1894],{}," does not make sense.",[131,76639,76641],{"id":76640},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76643,76644],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1003,76646,76648],{"id":76647},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[46,76650,76652],{"className":48,"code":76651,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76653,76654,76678,76682],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76655,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76657,3395],{"class":61},[55,76659,66],{"class":65},[55,76661,3400],{"class":91},[55,76663,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76665,2764],{"class":91},[55,76667,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76669,2764],{"class":91},[55,76671,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76673,2764],{"class":91},[55,76675,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76677,3413],{"class":91},[55,76679,76680],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76681,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,76683,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76685,106],{"class":105},[55,76687,109],{"class":91},[55,76689,3427],{"class":95},[55,76691,3680],{"class":91},[55,76693,1829],{"class":1210},[55,76695,3668],{"class":91},[20,76697,357],{},[46,76699,76700],{"className":48,"code":69613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,76701,76702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76703,76704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76705,69613],{"class":1210},[1003,76707,76709],{"id":76708},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[46,76711,76713],{"className":48,"code":76712,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76714,76715,76739,76743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76716,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76718,3395],{"class":61},[55,76720,66],{"class":65},[55,76722,3400],{"class":91},[55,76724,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76726,2764],{"class":91},[55,76728,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76730,2764],{"class":91},[55,76732,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76734,2764],{"class":91},[55,76736,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76738,3413],{"class":91},[55,76740,76741],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76742,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,76744,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76746,106],{"class":105},[55,76748,109],{"class":91},[55,76750,3427],{"class":95},[55,76752,3680],{"class":91},[55,76754,1829],{"class":1210},[55,76756,539],{"class":91},[55,76758,1835],{"class":1210},[55,76760,3668],{"class":91},[20,76762,357],{},[46,76764,76766],{"className":48,"code":76765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[30]\n",[15,76767,76768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76769,76770,76772,76774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76771,3680],{"class":91},[55,76773,36612],{"class":1210},[55,76775,3413],{"class":91},[20,76777,13542],{},[30,76779,76780,76786],{},[33,76781,76782,76785],{},[15,76783,76784],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76787,76788,76791],{},[15,76789,76790],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76793,76794],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76796,76797,76800],{},[33,76798,76799],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76801,76802],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76804,214],{},[46,76806,76808],{"className":48,"code":76807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76809,76810,76830,76834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76811,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76813,3395],{"class":61},[55,76815,66],{"class":65},[55,76817,3400],{"class":91},[55,76819,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76821,2764],{"class":91},[55,76823,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76825,2764],{"class":91},[55,76827,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76829,3413],{"class":91},[55,76831,76832],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76833,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,76835,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76837,106],{"class":105},[55,76839,109],{"class":91},[55,76841,3427],{"class":95},[55,76843,3680],{"class":91},[55,76845,1911],{"class":1210},[55,76847,539],{"class":91},[55,76849,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76851,3668],{"class":91},[20,76853,357],{},[46,76855,76856],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,76857,76858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76859,76860],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76861,38069],{"class":91},[20,76863,76864],{},"But this would raise an error:",[46,76866,76868],{"className":48,"code":76867,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76869,76870,76890,76894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76871,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76873,3395],{"class":61},[55,76875,66],{"class":65},[55,76877,3400],{"class":91},[55,76879,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76881,2764],{"class":91},[55,76883,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76885,2764],{"class":91},[55,76887,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76889,3413],{"class":91},[55,76891,76892],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76893,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,76895,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,76897,106],{"class":105},[55,76899,109],{"class":91},[55,76901,3427],{"class":95},[55,76903,3680],{"class":91},[55,76905,1911],{"class":1210},[55,76907,3668],{"class":91},[20,76909,76910,76911,92],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[166,76912,69032],{"href":69031},[131,76914,14957],{"id":76915},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76917,76918],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,76920,76921,76925,76927,76930,76936],{},[33,76922,4486,76923,75514],{},[15,76924,75199],{},[33,76926,60465],{},[33,76928,76929],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,76931,36975,76932,8483,76934],{},[15,76933,75834],{},[15,76935,73299],{},[33,76937,76938,76939,76941],{},"Using step ",[15,76940,1894],{},", which causes an error",[1003,76943,76945],{"id":76944},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[46,76947,76949],{"className":48,"code":76948,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76950,76951,76979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76952,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975,76977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76954,3395],{"class":61},[55,76956,66],{"class":65},[55,76958,3400],{"class":91},[55,76960,2101],{"class":1210},[55,76962,2764],{"class":91},[55,76964,7574],{"class":1210},[55,76966,2764],{"class":91},[55,76968,7579],{"class":1210},[55,76970,2764],{"class":91},[55,76972,50615],{"class":1210},[55,76974,2764],{"class":91},[55,76976,4864],{"class":1210},[55,76978,3413],{"class":91},[55,76980,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,76982,106],{"class":105},[55,76984,109],{"class":91},[55,76986,3427],{"class":95},[55,76988,3680],{"class":91},[55,76990,2761],{"class":1210},[55,76992,539],{"class":91},[55,76994,2277],{"class":1210},[55,76996,3668],{"class":91},[20,76998,76999],{},"This returns:",[46,77001,77003],{"className":48,"code":77002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77004,77005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77006,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77008,3680],{"class":91},[55,77010,15533],{"class":1210},[55,77012,2764],{"class":91},[55,77014,7579],{"class":1210},[55,77016,2764],{"class":91},[55,77018,50615],{"class":1210},[55,77020,3413],{"class":91},[20,77022,40679,77023,77025,77026,77028,77029,92],{},[123,77024,902],{}," include ",[15,77027,76567],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77030,2277],{},[1003,77032,77034],{"id":77033},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77036,1017],{},[46,77038,77040],{"className":48,"code":77039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77041,77042,77062],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77043,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77045,3395],{"class":61},[55,77047,66],{"class":65},[55,77049,3400],{"class":91},[55,77051,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77053,2764],{"class":91},[55,77055,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77057,2764],{"class":91},[55,77059,7579],{"class":1210},[55,77061,3413],{"class":91},[55,77063,77064],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77065,77066],{"class":118},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77068,77069],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[46,77071,77073],{"className":48,"code":77072,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77074,77075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77076,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77078,106],{"class":105},[55,77080,109],{"class":91},[55,77082,3427],{"class":95},[55,77084,3680],{"class":91},[55,77086,2761],{"class":1210},[55,77088,539],{"class":91},[55,77090,1835],{"class":1210},[55,77092,3668],{"class":91},[1003,77094,77096],{"id":77095},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77098,77099],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[46,77101,77103],{"className":48,"code":77102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77104,77105,77129,77143,77147,77157],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77106,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77108,3395],{"class":61},[55,77110,66],{"class":65},[55,77112,3400],{"class":91},[55,77114,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77116,2764],{"class":91},[55,77118,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77120,2764],{"class":91},[55,77122,7579],{"class":1210},[55,77124,2764],{"class":91},[55,77126,50615],{"class":1210},[55,77128,3413],{"class":91},[55,77130,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77132,75432],{"class":61},[55,77134,66],{"class":65},[55,77136,4045],{"class":61},[55,77138,75308],{"class":91},[55,77140,1829],{"class":1210},[55,77142,3413],{"class":91},[55,77144,77145],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,77146,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,77148,77149,77151,77153,77155],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,77150,106],{"class":105},[55,77152,109],{"class":91},[55,77154,75455],{"class":95},[55,77156,342],{"class":91},[55,77158,77159,77161,77163,77165],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,77160,106],{"class":105},[55,77162,109],{"class":91},[55,77164,3427],{"class":95},[55,77166,342],{"class":91},[20,77168,357],{},[46,77170,77172],{"className":48,"code":77171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77173,77174,77186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77175,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77177,3680],{"class":91},[55,77179,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77181,2764],{"class":91},[55,77183,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77185,3413],{"class":91},[55,77187,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77189,3680],{"class":91},[55,77191,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77193,2764],{"class":91},[55,77195,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77197,2764],{"class":91},[55,77199,7579],{"class":1210},[55,77201,2764],{"class":91},[55,77203,50615],{"class":1210},[55,77205,3413],{"class":91},[20,77207,77208],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1003,77210,77212,77213,8483,77215],{"id":77211},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77214,75834],{},[15,77216,73299],{},[46,77218,77220],{"className":48,"code":77219,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77221,77222,77242,77246,77263,77274],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77223,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77225,3395],{"class":61},[55,77227,66],{"class":65},[55,77229,3400],{"class":91},[55,77231,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77233,2764],{"class":91},[55,77235,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77237,2764],{"class":91},[55,77239,7579],{"class":1210},[55,77241,3413],{"class":91},[55,77243,77244],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77245,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,77247,77248,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,77249,77250],{"class":61},"reversed_copy ",[55,77252,66],{"class":65},[55,77254,4045],{"class":61},[55,77256,73895],{"class":91},[55,77258,1794],{"class":65},[55,77260,2761],{"class":1210},[55,77262,3413],{"class":91},[55,77264,77265,77267,77269,77272],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,77266,106],{"class":105},[55,77268,109],{"class":91},[55,77270,77271],{"class":95},"reversed_copy",[55,77273,342],{"class":91},[55,77275,77276,77278,77280,77282],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,77277,106],{"class":105},[55,77279,109],{"class":91},[55,77281,3427],{"class":95},[55,77283,342],{"class":91},[20,77285,357],{},[46,77287,77289],{"className":48,"code":77288,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77290,77291,77307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77292,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77294,3680],{"class":91},[55,77296,36612],{"class":1210},[55,77298,2764],{"class":91},[55,77300,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77302,2764],{"class":91},[55,77304,5790],{"class":1210},[55,77306,3413],{"class":91},[55,77308,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77310,3680],{"class":91},[55,77312,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77314,2764],{"class":91},[55,77316,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77318,2764],{"class":91},[55,77320,7579],{"class":1210},[55,77322,3413],{"class":91},[20,77324,77325,77328],{},[15,77326,77327],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77330,77331,77332,77335],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77333,77334],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1003,77337,77339],{"id":77338},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77341,77342],{},"This is not allowed:",[46,77344,77346],{"className":48,"code":77345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77347,77348,77368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77349,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77351,3395],{"class":61},[55,77353,66],{"class":65},[55,77355,3400],{"class":91},[55,77357,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77359,2764],{"class":91},[55,77361,7574],{"class":1210},[55,77363,2764],{"class":91},[55,77365,7579],{"class":1210},[55,77367,3413],{"class":91},[55,77369,77370],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77371,77372],{"class":118},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77374,77375,77376,92],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77377,40477],{},[131,77379,77381],{"id":77380},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77383,77384],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77386,77387,77394,77400,77403,77406],{},[33,77388,36975,77389,1377,77391,77393],{},[15,77390,35842],{},[15,77392,75199],{}," positions",[33,77395,77396,77397,77399],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77398,75199],{}," index is included",[33,77401,77402],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77404,77405],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77407,77408],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77410,77411],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[46,77413,77415],{"className":48,"code":77414,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77416,77417,77427,77441,77459,77473,77490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77418,77419,77421,77423,77425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77420,106],{"class":105},[55,77422,109],{"class":91},[55,77424,8121],{"class":95},[55,77426,342],{"class":91},[55,77428,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77430,106],{"class":105},[55,77432,109],{"class":91},[55,77434,10942],{"class":105},[55,77436,109],{"class":91},[55,77438,8121],{"class":95},[55,77440,1273],{"class":91},[55,77442,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451,77453,77455,77457],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,77444,106],{"class":105},[55,77446,109],{"class":91},[55,77448,8121],{"class":95},[55,77450,3680],{"class":91},[55,77452,2761],{"class":1210},[55,77454,539],{"class":91},[55,77456,2277],{"class":1210},[55,77458,3668],{"class":91},[55,77460,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,77462,106],{"class":105},[55,77464,109],{"class":91},[55,77466,8121],{"class":95},[55,77468,75308],{"class":91},[55,77470,1835],{"class":1210},[55,77472,3668],{"class":91},[55,77474,77475,77477,77479,77481,77483,77485,77487],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,77476,106],{"class":105},[55,77478,109],{"class":91},[55,77480,8121],{"class":95},[55,77482,3680],{"class":91},[55,77484,1794],{"class":65},[55,77486,1835],{"class":1210},[55,77488,77489],{"class":91},":])\n",[55,77491,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,77493,106],{"class":105},[55,77495,109],{"class":91},[55,77497,8121],{"class":95},[55,77499,73895],{"class":91},[55,77501,1794],{"class":65},[55,77503,2761],{"class":1210},[55,77505,3668],{"class":91},[20,77507,1185,77508,77510,77511,77515],{},[15,77509,42134],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[166,77512,77514],{"href":77513},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[131,77517,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,77519,77521],{"id":77520},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77523,77524],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1003,77526,77528],{"id":77527},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77530,77531],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1003,77533,1603,77535,39733],{"id":77534},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77536,75834],{},[20,77538,77539],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1003,77541,77543,77544,1631],{"id":77542},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77545,70504],{},[20,77547,77548],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[131,77550,1643],{"id":1642},[30,77552,77553,77558,77563,77567,77571,77575],{},[33,77554,77555],{},[166,77556,77557],{"href":50749},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77559,77560],{},[166,77561,77562],{"href":56925},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77564,77565],{},[166,77566,14745],{"href":56991},[33,77568,77569],{},[166,77570,74580],{"href":74579},[33,77572,77573],{},[166,77574,77514],{"href":77513},[33,77576,77577],{},[166,77578,69032],{"href":69031},[20,77580,77581,77582,77584],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77583,42134],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1696,77586,77587],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":77589},[77590,77591,77592,77593,77594,77595,77598,77602,77610,77611,77619],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":75363,"depth":80,"text":75364},{"id":75526,"depth":80,"text":75527},{"id":75788,"depth":80,"text":75789},{"id":76082,"depth":80,"text":76083},{"id":76328,"depth":80,"text":76329,"children":77596},[77597],{"id":76586,"depth":102,"text":76587},{"id":76640,"depth":80,"text":76641,"children":77599},[77600,77601],{"id":76647,"depth":102,"text":76648},{"id":76708,"depth":102,"text":76709},{"id":76915,"depth":80,"text":14957,"children":77603},[77604,77605,77606,77607,77609],{"id":76944,"depth":102,"text":76945},{"id":77033,"depth":102,"text":77034},{"id":77095,"depth":102,"text":77096},{"id":77211,"depth":102,"text":77608},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77338,"depth":102,"text":77339},{"id":77380,"depth":80,"text":77381},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":77612},[77613,77614,77615,77617],{"id":77520,"depth":102,"text":77521},{"id":77527,"depth":102,"text":77528},{"id":77534,"depth":102,"text":77616},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77542,"depth":102,"text":77618},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75186,"description":77620},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77627,"title":77628,"body":77629,"description":79698,"extension":1733,"meta":79699,"navigation":248,"path":79700,"seo":79701,"stem":79702,"__hash__":79703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77630,"toc":79664},[77631,77636,77642,77648,77650,77697,77704,77709,77713,77728,77731,77784,77786,77811,77816,77818,77850,77853,77869,77871,77932,77934,77959,77963,77968,78021,78023,78048,78053,78114,78116,78141,78144,78151,78155,78158,78219,78221,78254,78257,78318,78320,78353,78359,78432,78434,78466,78473,78478,78483,78485,78497,78500,78578,78580,78621,78624,78698,78700,78733,78738,78745,78752,78756,78765,78769,78777,78779,78846,78848,78884,78889,78900,78902,78907,78912,78914,78977,78979,79004,79011,79016,79020,79023,79063,79068,79074,79079,79081,79108,79113,79116,79163,79165,79222,79229,79234,79240,79309,79313,79316,79379,79381,79414,79419,79421,79424,79505,79507,79531,79537,79539,79544,79548,79555,79563,79567,79569,79592,79596,79598,79625,79628,79635,79638,79640,79661],[10,77632,54113,77634,18],{"id":77633},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77635,64084],{},[20,77637,77638,77641],{},[15,77639,77640],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77643,77644,77645,77647],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77646,64084],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[131,77649,1775],{"id":1774},[46,77651,77653],{"className":48,"code":77652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77654,77655,77675,77685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77656,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77658,3395],{"class":61},[55,77660,66],{"class":65},[55,77662,3400],{"class":91},[55,77664,1835],{"class":1210},[55,77666,2764],{"class":91},[55,77668,5282],{"class":1210},[55,77670,2764],{"class":91},[55,77672,2767],{"class":1210},[55,77674,3413],{"class":91},[55,77676,77677,77679,77681,77683],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77678,3427],{"class":61},[55,77680,92],{"class":91},[55,77682,34569],{"class":95},[55,77684,99],{"class":91},[55,77686,77687,77689,77691,77693,77695],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,77688,106],{"class":105},[55,77690,109],{"class":91},[55,77692,3427],{"class":95},[55,77694,115],{"class":91},[55,77696,54703],{"class":118},[20,77698,1866,77699,77701,77702,92],{},[15,77700,77640],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77703,3556],{},[131,77705,134,77707,137],{"id":77706},"what-listsort-does",[15,77708,77640],{},[20,77710,77711,539],{},[15,77712,77640],{},[30,77714,77715,77718,77721,77725],{},[33,77716,77717],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77719,77720],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77722,11204,77723],{},[15,77724,3556],{},[33,77726,77727],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77729,77730],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[46,77732,77734],{"className":48,"code":77733,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77735,77736,77760,77770,77774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77737,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752,77754,77756,77758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77739,3395],{"class":61},[55,77741,66],{"class":65},[55,77743,3400],{"class":91},[55,77745,1911],{"class":1210},[55,77747,2764],{"class":91},[55,77749,2767],{"class":1210},[55,77751,2764],{"class":91},[55,77753,53907],{"class":1210},[55,77755,2764],{"class":91},[55,77757,5282],{"class":1210},[55,77759,3413],{"class":91},[55,77761,77762,77764,77766,77768],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77763,3427],{"class":61},[55,77765,92],{"class":91},[55,77767,34569],{"class":95},[55,77769,99],{"class":91},[55,77771,77772],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,77773,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,77775,77776,77778,77780,77782],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,77777,106],{"class":105},[55,77779,109],{"class":91},[55,77781,3427],{"class":95},[55,77783,342],{"class":91},[20,77785,357],{},[46,77787,77789],{"className":48,"code":77788,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77790,77791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77792,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77794,3680],{"class":91},[55,77796,2761],{"class":1210},[55,77798,2764],{"class":91},[55,77800,2767],{"class":1210},[55,77802,2764],{"class":91},[55,77804,4388],{"class":1210},[55,77806,2764],{"class":91},[55,77808,53907],{"class":1210},[55,77810,3413],{"class":91},[20,77812,77813,77814,92],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[166,77815,66850],{"href":50749},[131,77817,178],{"id":177},[46,77819,77821],{"className":48,"code":77820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77822,77823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77824,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77844,77846,77848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77826,8121],{"class":61},[55,77828,92],{"class":91},[55,77830,34569],{"class":95},[55,77832,109],{"class":91},[55,77834,14621],{"class":8955},[55,77836,66],{"class":65},[55,77838,3556],{"class":3631},[55,77840,2764],{"class":91},[55,77842,77843],{"class":8955}," reverse",[55,77845,66],{"class":65},[55,77847,3452],{"class":3631},[55,77849,342],{"class":91},[20,77851,77852],{},"Main arguments:",[30,77854,77855,77860,77866],{},[33,77856,77857,77859],{},[15,77858,14621],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,77861,77862,77865],{},[15,77863,77864],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,77867,77868],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77870,214],{},[46,77872,77874],{"className":48,"code":77873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77875,77876,77900,77918,77922],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77877,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77879,3395],{"class":61},[55,77881,66],{"class":65},[55,77883,3400],{"class":91},[55,77885,2277],{"class":1210},[55,77887,2764],{"class":91},[55,77889,5282],{"class":1210},[55,77891,2764],{"class":91},[55,77893,5779],{"class":1210},[55,77895,2764],{"class":91},[55,77897,2767],{"class":1210},[55,77899,3413],{"class":91},[55,77901,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910,77912,77914,77916],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,77903,3427],{"class":61},[55,77905,92],{"class":91},[55,77907,34569],{"class":95},[55,77909,109],{"class":91},[55,77911,73350],{"class":8955},[55,77913,66],{"class":65},[55,77915,3380],{"class":3631},[55,77917,342],{"class":91},[55,77919,77920],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,77921,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,77923,77924,77926,77928,77930],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,77925,106],{"class":105},[55,77927,109],{"class":91},[55,77929,3427],{"class":95},[55,77931,342],{"class":91},[20,77933,357],{},[46,77935,77937],{"className":48,"code":77936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77938,77939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77940,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77942,3680],{"class":91},[55,77944,1797],{"class":1210},[55,77946,2764],{"class":91},[55,77948,2229],{"class":1210},[55,77950,2764],{"class":91},[55,77952,2767],{"class":1210},[55,77954,2764],{"class":91},[55,77956,5282],{"class":1210},[55,77958,3413],{"class":91},[131,77960,77962],{"id":77961},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77964,1866,77965,77967],{},[15,77966,64084],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[46,77969,77971],{"className":48,"code":77970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77972,77973,77997,78007,78011],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77974,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77976,3395],{"class":61},[55,77978,66],{"class":65},[55,77980,3400],{"class":91},[55,77982,2101],{"class":1210},[55,77984,2764],{"class":91},[55,77986,2223],{"class":1210},[55,77988,2764],{"class":91},[55,77990,6146],{"class":1210},[55,77992,2764],{"class":91},[55,77994,5282],{"class":1210},[55,77996,3413],{"class":91},[55,77998,77999,78001,78003,78005],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78000,3427],{"class":61},[55,78002,92],{"class":91},[55,78004,34569],{"class":95},[55,78006,99],{"class":91},[55,78008,78009],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78010,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78012,78013,78015,78017,78019],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78014,106],{"class":105},[55,78016,109],{"class":91},[55,78018,3427],{"class":95},[55,78020,342],{"class":91},[20,78022,357],{},[46,78024,78026],{"className":48,"code":78025,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78027,78028],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78029,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78031,3680],{"class":91},[55,78033,2761],{"class":1210},[55,78035,2764],{"class":91},[55,78037,2223],{"class":1210},[55,78039,2764],{"class":91},[55,78041,6146],{"class":1210},[55,78043,2764],{"class":91},[55,78045,5790],{"class":1210},[55,78047,3413],{"class":91},[20,78049,1866,78050,78052],{},[15,78051,77864],{}," for descending order:",[46,78054,78056],{"className":48,"code":78055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78057,78058,78082,78100,78104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78059,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78061,3395],{"class":61},[55,78063,66],{"class":65},[55,78065,3400],{"class":91},[55,78067,2101],{"class":1210},[55,78069,2764],{"class":91},[55,78071,2223],{"class":1210},[55,78073,2764],{"class":91},[55,78075,6146],{"class":1210},[55,78077,2764],{"class":91},[55,78079,5282],{"class":1210},[55,78081,3413],{"class":91},[55,78083,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78085,3427],{"class":61},[55,78087,92],{"class":91},[55,78089,34569],{"class":95},[55,78091,109],{"class":91},[55,78093,73350],{"class":8955},[55,78095,66],{"class":65},[55,78097,3380],{"class":3631},[55,78099,342],{"class":91},[55,78101,78102],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78103,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78105,78106,78108,78110,78112],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78107,106],{"class":105},[55,78109,109],{"class":91},[55,78111,3427],{"class":95},[55,78113,342],{"class":91},[20,78115,357],{},[46,78117,78119],{"className":48,"code":78118,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78120,78121],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78122,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78124,3680],{"class":91},[55,78126,2101],{"class":1210},[55,78128,2764],{"class":91},[55,78130,6146],{"class":1210},[55,78132,2764],{"class":91},[55,78134,2223],{"class":1210},[55,78136,2764],{"class":91},[55,78138,5282],{"class":1210},[55,78140,3413],{"class":91},[20,78142,78143],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78145,78146,78147,92],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[166,78148,78150],{"href":78149},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[131,78152,78154],{"id":78153},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78156,78157],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[46,78159,78161],{"className":48,"code":78160,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78162,78163,78195,78205,78209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78164,78165,78167,78169,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78166,3851],{"class":61},[55,78168,66],{"class":65},[55,78170,3400],{"class":91},[55,78172,228],{"class":69},[55,78174,3869],{"class":73},[55,78176,228],{"class":69},[55,78178,2764],{"class":91},[55,78180,70],{"class":69},[55,78182,3860],{"class":73},[55,78184,228],{"class":69},[55,78186,2764],{"class":91},[55,78188,70],{"class":69},[55,78190,3878],{"class":73},[55,78192,228],{"class":69},[55,78194,3413],{"class":91},[55,78196,78197,78199,78201,78203],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78198,3895],{"class":61},[55,78200,92],{"class":91},[55,78202,34569],{"class":95},[55,78204,99],{"class":91},[55,78206,78207],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78208,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78210,78211,78213,78215,78217],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78212,106],{"class":105},[55,78214,109],{"class":91},[55,78216,3895],{"class":95},[55,78218,342],{"class":91},[20,78220,357],{},[46,78222,78224],{"className":48,"code":78223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78225,78226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78227,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78229,3680],{"class":91},[55,78231,3077],{"class":69},[55,78233,3860],{"class":73},[55,78235,3077],{"class":69},[55,78237,2764],{"class":91},[55,78239,3072],{"class":69},[55,78241,3869],{"class":73},[55,78243,3077],{"class":69},[55,78245,2764],{"class":91},[55,78247,3072],{"class":69},[55,78249,3878],{"class":73},[55,78251,3077],{"class":69},[55,78253,3413],{"class":91},[20,78255,78256],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[46,78258,78260],{"className":48,"code":78259,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78261,78262,78294,78304,78308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78263,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78265,3851],{"class":61},[55,78267,66],{"class":65},[55,78269,3400],{"class":91},[55,78271,228],{"class":69},[55,78273,3869],{"class":73},[55,78275,228],{"class":69},[55,78277,2764],{"class":91},[55,78279,70],{"class":69},[55,78281,57540],{"class":73},[55,78283,228],{"class":69},[55,78285,2764],{"class":91},[55,78287,70],{"class":69},[55,78289,3878],{"class":73},[55,78291,228],{"class":69},[55,78293,3413],{"class":91},[55,78295,78296,78298,78300,78302],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78297,3895],{"class":61},[55,78299,92],{"class":91},[55,78301,34569],{"class":95},[55,78303,99],{"class":91},[55,78305,78306],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78307,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78309,78310,78312,78314,78316],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78311,106],{"class":105},[55,78313,109],{"class":91},[55,78315,3895],{"class":95},[55,78317,342],{"class":91},[20,78319,357],{},[46,78321,78323],{"className":48,"code":78322,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78324,78325],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78326,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78328,3680],{"class":91},[55,78330,3077],{"class":69},[55,78332,57540],{"class":73},[55,78334,3077],{"class":69},[55,78336,2764],{"class":91},[55,78338,3072],{"class":69},[55,78340,3869],{"class":73},[55,78342,3077],{"class":69},[55,78344,2764],{"class":91},[55,78346,3072],{"class":69},[55,78348,3878],{"class":73},[55,78350,3077],{"class":69},[55,78352,3413],{"class":91},[20,78354,78355,78356,539],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78357,78358],{},"key=str.lower",[46,78360,78362],{"className":48,"code":78361,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78363,78364,78396,78418,78422],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78365,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78367,3851],{"class":61},[55,78369,66],{"class":65},[55,78371,3400],{"class":91},[55,78373,228],{"class":69},[55,78375,3869],{"class":73},[55,78377,228],{"class":69},[55,78379,2764],{"class":91},[55,78381,70],{"class":69},[55,78383,57540],{"class":73},[55,78385,228],{"class":69},[55,78387,2764],{"class":91},[55,78389,70],{"class":69},[55,78391,3878],{"class":73},[55,78393,228],{"class":69},[55,78395,3413],{"class":91},[55,78397,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78399,3895],{"class":61},[55,78401,92],{"class":91},[55,78403,34569],{"class":95},[55,78405,109],{"class":91},[55,78407,14621],{"class":8955},[55,78409,66],{"class":65},[55,78411,3220],{"class":1265},[55,78413,92],{"class":91},[55,78415,96],{"class":1047},[55,78417,342],{"class":91},[55,78419,78420],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78421,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78423,78424,78426,78428,78430],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78425,106],{"class":105},[55,78427,109],{"class":91},[55,78429,3895],{"class":95},[55,78431,342],{"class":91},[20,78433,357],{},[46,78435,78436],{"className":48,"code":78322,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,78437,78438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78439,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78441,3680],{"class":91},[55,78443,3077],{"class":69},[55,78445,57540],{"class":73},[55,78447,3077],{"class":69},[55,78449,2764],{"class":91},[55,78451,3072],{"class":69},[55,78453,3869],{"class":73},[55,78455,3077],{"class":69},[55,78457,2764],{"class":91},[55,78459,3072],{"class":69},[55,78461,3878],{"class":73},[55,78463,3077],{"class":69},[55,78465,3413],{"class":91},[20,78467,78468,78469,78472],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78470,78471],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[131,78474,36383,78476,36386],{"id":78475},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78477,14621],{},[20,78479,1750,78480,78482],{},[15,78481,14621],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78484,639],{},[30,78486,78487,78492],{},[33,78488,78489,78491],{},[15,78490,10942],{}," to sort by length",[33,78493,78494,78496],{},[15,78495,78471],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78498,78499],{},"Sort words by length:",[46,78501,78503],{"className":48,"code":78502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78504,78505,78546,78564,78568],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78506,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78508,3851],{"class":61},[55,78510,66],{"class":65},[55,78512,3400],{"class":91},[55,78514,228],{"class":69},[55,78516,78517],{"class":73},"pear",[55,78519,228],{"class":69},[55,78521,2764],{"class":91},[55,78523,70],{"class":69},[55,78525,3869],{"class":73},[55,78527,228],{"class":69},[55,78529,2764],{"class":91},[55,78531,70],{"class":69},[55,78533,38130],{"class":73},[55,78535,228],{"class":69},[55,78537,2764],{"class":91},[55,78539,70],{"class":69},[55,78541,3860],{"class":73},[55,78543,228],{"class":69},[55,78545,3413],{"class":91},[55,78547,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78549,3895],{"class":61},[55,78551,92],{"class":91},[55,78553,34569],{"class":95},[55,78555,109],{"class":91},[55,78557,14621],{"class":8955},[55,78559,66],{"class":65},[55,78561,10942],{"class":105},[55,78563,342],{"class":91},[55,78565,78566],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78567,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78569,78570,78572,78574,78576],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78571,106],{"class":105},[55,78573,109],{"class":91},[55,78575,3895],{"class":95},[55,78577,342],{"class":91},[20,78579,357],{},[46,78581,78583],{"className":48,"code":78582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78584,78585],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78586,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78588,3680],{"class":91},[55,78590,3077],{"class":69},[55,78592,38130],{"class":73},[55,78594,3077],{"class":69},[55,78596,2764],{"class":91},[55,78598,3072],{"class":69},[55,78600,78517],{"class":73},[55,78602,3077],{"class":69},[55,78604,2764],{"class":91},[55,78606,3072],{"class":69},[55,78608,3860],{"class":73},[55,78610,3077],{"class":69},[55,78612,2764],{"class":91},[55,78614,3072],{"class":69},[55,78616,3869],{"class":73},[55,78618,3077],{"class":69},[55,78620,3413],{"class":91},[20,78622,78623],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[46,78625,78627],{"className":48,"code":78626,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78628,78629,78662,78684,78688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78630,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78658,78660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78632,3851],{"class":61},[55,78634,66],{"class":65},[55,78636,3400],{"class":91},[55,78638,228],{"class":69},[55,78640,4796],{"class":73},[55,78642,228],{"class":69},[55,78644,2764],{"class":91},[55,78646,70],{"class":69},[55,78648,17580],{"class":73},[55,78650,228],{"class":69},[55,78652,2764],{"class":91},[55,78654,70],{"class":69},[55,78656,78657],{"class":73},"Carol",[55,78659,228],{"class":69},[55,78661,3413],{"class":91},[55,78663,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78665,3895],{"class":61},[55,78667,92],{"class":91},[55,78669,34569],{"class":95},[55,78671,109],{"class":91},[55,78673,14621],{"class":8955},[55,78675,66],{"class":65},[55,78677,3220],{"class":1265},[55,78679,92],{"class":91},[55,78681,96],{"class":1047},[55,78683,342],{"class":91},[55,78685,78686],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78687,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78689,78690,78692,78694,78696],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78691,106],{"class":105},[55,78693,109],{"class":91},[55,78695,3895],{"class":95},[55,78697,342],{"class":91},[20,78699,357],{},[46,78701,78703],{"className":48,"code":78702,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78704,78705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78706,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78708,3680],{"class":91},[55,78710,3077],{"class":69},[55,78712,17580],{"class":73},[55,78714,3077],{"class":69},[55,78716,2764],{"class":91},[55,78718,3072],{"class":69},[55,78720,4796],{"class":73},[55,78722,3077],{"class":69},[55,78724,2764],{"class":91},[55,78726,3072],{"class":69},[55,78728,78657],{"class":73},[55,78730,3077],{"class":69},[55,78732,3413],{"class":91},[20,78734,1750,78735,78737],{},[15,78736,14621],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[131,78739,78741,1477,78743],{"id":78740},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78742,77640],{},[15,78744,74197],{},[20,78746,78747,1377,78749,78751],{},[15,78748,77640],{},[15,78750,74197],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78753,78754,539],{},[15,78755,77640],{},[30,78757,78758,78761],{},[33,78759,78760],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78762,11204,78763],{},[15,78764,3556],{},[20,78766,78767,539],{},[15,78768,74197],{},[30,78770,78771,78774],{},[33,78772,78773],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78775,78776],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78778,214],{},[46,78780,78782],{"className":48,"code":78781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78783,78784,78804,78808,78822,78826,78836],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78785,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78787,3395],{"class":61},[55,78789,66],{"class":65},[55,78791,3400],{"class":91},[55,78793,1835],{"class":1210},[55,78795,2764],{"class":91},[55,78797,5282],{"class":1210},[55,78799,2764],{"class":91},[55,78801,2767],{"class":1210},[55,78803,3413],{"class":91},[55,78805,78806],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78807,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78809,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78811,55661],{"class":61},[55,78813,66],{"class":65},[55,78815,74331],{"class":105},[55,78817,109],{"class":91},[55,78819,3427],{"class":95},[55,78821,342],{"class":91},[55,78823,78824],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78825,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78827,78828,78830,78832,78834],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,78829,106],{"class":105},[55,78831,109],{"class":91},[55,78833,3427],{"class":95},[55,78835,342],{"class":91},[55,78837,78838,78840,78842,78844],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,78839,106],{"class":105},[55,78841,109],{"class":91},[55,78843,74054],{"class":95},[55,78845,342],{"class":91},[20,78847,357],{},[46,78849,78850],{"className":48,"code":74366,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,78851,78852,78868],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78853,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78855,3680],{"class":91},[55,78857,1835],{"class":1210},[55,78859,2764],{"class":91},[55,78861,5282],{"class":1210},[55,78863,2764],{"class":91},[55,78865,2767],{"class":1210},[55,78867,3413],{"class":91},[55,78869,78870,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78871,3680],{"class":91},[55,78873,2761],{"class":1210},[55,78875,2764],{"class":91},[55,78877,2767],{"class":1210},[55,78879,2764],{"class":91},[55,78881,2223],{"class":1210},[55,78883,3413],{"class":91},[20,78885,1866,78886,78888],{},[15,78887,74197],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78890,78891,78892,1377,78896,92],{},"You can learn more in ",[166,78893,1686,78894,5568],{"href":74294},[15,78895,74197],{},[166,78897,78899],{"href":78898},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[131,78901,1001],{"id":1000},[20,78903,78904,78905,92],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78906,77640],{},[1003,78908,12375,78910],{"id":78909},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78911,64084],{},[20,78913,25463],{},[46,78915,78917],{"className":48,"code":78916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78918,78919,78939,78953,78957,78967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78920,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78922,3395],{"class":61},[55,78924,66],{"class":65},[55,78926,3400],{"class":91},[55,78928,1835],{"class":1210},[55,78930,2764],{"class":91},[55,78932,5282],{"class":1210},[55,78934,2764],{"class":91},[55,78936,2767],{"class":1210},[55,78938,3413],{"class":91},[55,78940,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78942,83],{"class":61},[55,78944,66],{"class":65},[55,78946,4045],{"class":61},[55,78948,92],{"class":91},[55,78950,34569],{"class":95},[55,78952,99],{"class":91},[55,78954,78955],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,78956,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,78958,78959,78961,78963,78965],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,78960,106],{"class":105},[55,78962,109],{"class":91},[55,78964,112],{"class":95},[55,78966,342],{"class":91},[55,78968,78969,78971,78973,78975],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,78970,106],{"class":105},[55,78972,109],{"class":91},[55,78974,3427],{"class":95},[55,78976,342],{"class":91},[20,78978,357],{},[46,78980,78982],{"className":48,"code":78981,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78983,78984,78988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78985,78986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78987,11588],{"class":3631},[55,78989,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,78991,3680],{"class":91},[55,78993,2761],{"class":1210},[55,78995,2764],{"class":91},[55,78997,2767],{"class":1210},[55,78999,2764],{"class":91},[55,79001,2223],{"class":1210},[55,79003,3413],{"class":91},[20,79005,79006,79008,79009,92],{},[15,79007,64084],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79010,3556],{},[20,79012,79013,79014,6417],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79015,74197],{},[1003,79017,79019],{"id":79018},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79021,79022],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[46,79024,79026],{"className":48,"code":79025,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79027,79028,79053],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79029,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79045,79047,79049,79051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79031,7563],{"class":61},[55,79033,66],{"class":65},[55,79035,3400],{"class":91},[55,79037,2761],{"class":1210},[55,79039,2764],{"class":91},[55,79041,70],{"class":69},[55,79043,79044],{"class":73},"two",[55,79046,228],{"class":69},[55,79048,2764],{"class":91},[55,79050,2223],{"class":1210},[55,79052,3413],{"class":91},[55,79054,79055,79057,79059,79061],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,79056,7594],{"class":61},[55,79058,92],{"class":91},[55,79060,34569],{"class":95},[55,79062,99],{"class":91},[20,79064,2777,79065,79067],{},[15,79066,2780],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1003,79069,4486,79071,79073],{"id":79070},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79072,64084],{}," only works on lists",[20,79075,79076,79078],{},[15,79077,64084],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79080,1017],{},[46,79082,79084],{"className":48,"code":79083,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79085,79086,79098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79087,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79089,62],{"class":61},[55,79091,66],{"class":65},[55,79093,70],{"class":69},[55,79095,50],{"class":73},[55,79097,77],{"class":69},[55,79099,79100,79102,79104,79106],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,79101,352],{"class":61},[55,79103,92],{"class":91},[55,79105,34569],{"class":95},[55,79107,99],{"class":91},[20,79109,79110,79111,1232],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79112,64084],{},[20,79114,79115],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[46,79117,79119],{"className":48,"code":79118,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79120,79121,79139,79149,79153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79122,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131,79133,79135,79137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79124,35860],{"class":61},[55,79126,66],{"class":65},[55,79128,22336],{"class":1265},[55,79130,109],{"class":91},[55,79132,228],{"class":69},[55,79134,50],{"class":73},[55,79136,228],{"class":69},[55,79138,342],{"class":91},[55,79140,79141,79143,79145,79147],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,79142,35913],{"class":61},[55,79144,92],{"class":91},[55,79146,34569],{"class":95},[55,79148,99],{"class":91},[55,79150,79151],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,79152,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,79154,79155,79157,79159,79161],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,79156,106],{"class":105},[55,79158,109],{"class":91},[55,79160,35913],{"class":95},[55,79162,342],{"class":91},[20,79164,357],{},[46,79166,79168],{"className":48,"code":79167,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79169,79170],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79171,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79173,3680],{"class":91},[55,79175,3077],{"class":69},[55,79177,60211],{"class":73},[55,79179,3077],{"class":69},[55,79181,2764],{"class":91},[55,79183,3072],{"class":69},[55,79185,75803],{"class":73},[55,79187,3077],{"class":69},[55,79189,2764],{"class":91},[55,79191,3072],{"class":69},[55,79193,60246],{"class":73},[55,79195,3077],{"class":69},[55,79197,2764],{"class":91},[55,79199,3072],{"class":69},[55,79201,20],{"class":73},[55,79203,3077],{"class":69},[55,79205,2764],{"class":91},[55,79207,3072],{"class":69},[55,79209,63059],{"class":73},[55,79211,3077],{"class":69},[55,79213,2764],{"class":91},[55,79215,3072],{"class":69},[55,79217,11525],{"class":73},[55,79219,3077],{"class":69},[55,79221,3413],{"class":91},[1003,79223,79225,79226,79228],{"id":79224},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79227,14621],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79230,79231,79232,92],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79233,14621],{},[20,79235,79236,79237,79239],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79238,64084],{}," will not do that:",[46,79241,79243],{"className":48,"code":79242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79244,79245,79277,79295,79299],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79246,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79248,3851],{"class":61},[55,79250,66],{"class":65},[55,79252,3400],{"class":91},[55,79254,228],{"class":69},[55,79256,3869],{"class":73},[55,79258,228],{"class":69},[55,79260,2764],{"class":91},[55,79262,70],{"class":69},[55,79264,38130],{"class":73},[55,79266,228],{"class":69},[55,79268,2764],{"class":91},[55,79270,70],{"class":69},[55,79272,3860],{"class":73},[55,79274,228],{"class":69},[55,79276,3413],{"class":91},[55,79278,79279,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,79280,3895],{"class":61},[55,79282,92],{"class":91},[55,79284,34569],{"class":95},[55,79286,109],{"class":91},[55,79288,14621],{"class":8955},[55,79290,66],{"class":65},[55,79292,10942],{"class":105},[55,79294,342],{"class":91},[55,79296,79297],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,79298,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,79300,79301,79303,79305,79307],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,79302,106],{"class":105},[55,79304,109],{"class":91},[55,79306,3895],{"class":95},[55,79308,342],{"class":91},[1003,79310,79312],{"id":79311},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79314,79315],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[46,79317,79319],{"className":48,"code":79318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79320,79321,79355,79365,79369],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79322,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79351,79353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79324,3851],{"class":61},[55,79326,66],{"class":65},[55,79328,3400],{"class":91},[55,79330,228],{"class":69},[55,79332,79333],{"class":73},"zebra",[55,79335,228],{"class":69},[55,79337,2764],{"class":91},[55,79339,70],{"class":69},[55,79341,57540],{"class":73},[55,79343,228],{"class":69},[55,79345,2764],{"class":91},[55,79347,70],{"class":69},[55,79349,79350],{"class":73},"monkey",[55,79352,228],{"class":69},[55,79354,3413],{"class":91},[55,79356,79357,79359,79361,79363],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,79358,3895],{"class":61},[55,79360,92],{"class":91},[55,79362,34569],{"class":95},[55,79364,99],{"class":91},[55,79366,79367],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,79368,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,79370,79371,79373,79375,79377],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,79372,106],{"class":105},[55,79374,109],{"class":91},[55,79376,3895],{"class":95},[55,79378,342],{"class":91},[20,79380,357],{},[46,79382,79384],{"className":48,"code":79383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79385,79386],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79387,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410,79412],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79389,3680],{"class":91},[55,79391,3077],{"class":69},[55,79393,57540],{"class":73},[55,79395,3077],{"class":69},[55,79397,2764],{"class":91},[55,79399,3072],{"class":69},[55,79401,79350],{"class":73},[55,79403,3077],{"class":69},[55,79405,2764],{"class":91},[55,79407,3072],{"class":69},[55,79409,79333],{"class":73},[55,79411,3077],{"class":69},[55,79413,3413],{"class":91},[20,79415,1866,79416,79418],{},[15,79417,78358],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1003,79420,60483],{"id":60482},[20,79422,79423],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[46,79425,79427],{"className":48,"code":79426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79428,79429,79439,79453,79467,79481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79430,79431,79433,79435,79437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79432,106],{"class":105},[55,79434,109],{"class":91},[55,79436,8121],{"class":95},[55,79438,342],{"class":91},[55,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,79442,106],{"class":105},[55,79444,109],{"class":91},[55,79446,1266],{"class":1265},[55,79448,109],{"class":91},[55,79450,8121],{"class":95},[55,79452,1273],{"class":91},[55,79454,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,79456,106],{"class":105},[55,79458,109],{"class":91},[55,79460,8121],{"class":95},[55,79462,92],{"class":91},[55,79464,34569],{"class":95},[55,79466,1087],{"class":91},[55,79468,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477,79479],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,79470,106],{"class":105},[55,79472,109],{"class":91},[55,79474,74287],{"class":105},[55,79476,109],{"class":91},[55,79478,8121],{"class":95},[55,79480,1273],{"class":91},[55,79482,79483,79485,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,79484,106],{"class":105},[55,79486,2758],{"class":91},[55,79488,1266],{"class":1265},[55,79490,109],{"class":91},[55,79492,23087],{"class":95},[55,79494,115],{"class":91},[55,79496,3656],{"class":487},[55,79498,5746],{"class":95},[55,79500,3662],{"class":487},[55,79502,8178],{"class":95},[55,79504,3668],{"class":91},[20,79506,10951],{},[30,79508,79509,79512,79515,79522,79528],{},[33,79510,79511],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79513,79514],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79516,79517,79518,2168,79520],{},"That ",[15,79519,64084],{},[15,79521,3556],{},[33,79523,79524,79525,79527],{},"Whether ",[15,79526,74197],{}," works better for your case",[33,79529,79530],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79532,79533,79534,79536],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79535,2780],{}," problems.",[131,79538,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,79540,1581,79542,55240],{"id":79541},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79543,77640],{},[20,79545,62375,79546,92],{},[15,79547,3556],{},[1003,79549,1626,79551,1377,79553,1631],{"id":79550},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79552,64084],{},[15,79554,74197],{},[20,79556,79557,79559,79560,79562],{},[15,79558,64084],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79561,74197],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1003,79564,79566],{"id":79565},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79568,18472],{},[46,79570,79572],{"className":48,"code":79571,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79573,79574],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79575,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79577,8121],{"class":61},[55,79579,92],{"class":91},[55,79581,34569],{"class":95},[55,79583,109],{"class":91},[55,79585,73350],{"class":8955},[55,79587,66],{"class":65},[55,79589,3380],{"class":3631},[55,79591,342],{"class":91},[1003,79593,79595],{"id":79594},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79597,18472],{},[46,79599,79601],{"className":48,"code":79600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79602,79603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79604,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79606,8121],{"class":61},[55,79608,92],{"class":91},[55,79610,34569],{"class":95},[55,79612,109],{"class":91},[55,79614,14621],{"class":8955},[55,79616,66],{"class":65},[55,79618,3220],{"class":1265},[55,79620,92],{"class":91},[55,79622,96],{"class":1047},[55,79624,342],{"class":91},[20,79626,79627],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1003,79629,79631,79632,79634],{"id":79630},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79633,2780],{}," when sorting?",[20,79636,79637],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[131,79639,1643],{"id":1642},[30,79641,79642,79647,79653,79657],{},[33,79643,79644],{},[166,79645,79646],{"href":78149},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79648,79649],{},[166,79650,1686,79651,5568],{"href":74294},[15,79652,74197],{},[33,79654,79655],{},[166,79656,66850],{"href":50749},[33,79658,79659],{},[166,79660,78899],{"href":78898},[1696,79662,79663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":79665},[79666,79667,79669,79670,79671,79672,79674,79676,79687,79697],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":77706,"depth":80,"text":79668},"What list.sort() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":77961,"depth":80,"text":77962},{"id":78153,"depth":80,"text":78154},{"id":78475,"depth":80,"text":79673},"Using the key argument",{"id":78740,"depth":80,"text":79675},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":79677},[79678,79680,79681,79683,79685,79686],{"id":78909,"depth":102,"text":79679},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79018,"depth":102,"text":79019},{"id":79070,"depth":102,"text":79682},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79224,"depth":102,"text":79684},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79311,"depth":102,"text":79312},{"id":60482,"depth":102,"text":60483},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":79688},[79689,79691,79693,79694,79695],{"id":79541,"depth":102,"text":79690},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79550,"depth":102,"text":79692},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79565,"depth":102,"text":79566},{"id":79594,"depth":102,"text":79595},{"id":79630,"depth":102,"text":79696},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77628,"description":79698},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79705,"title":79706,"body":79707,"description":82338,"extension":1733,"meta":82339,"navigation":248,"path":82340,"seo":82341,"stem":82342,"__hash__":82343},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79708,"toc":82297},[79709,79714,79719,79722,79733,79736,79756,79758,79820,79822,79863,79872,79877,79882,79888,79899,79901,79920,79923,79928,79933,79935,79940,79954,79956,79974,79977,79994,79997,80003,80026,80031,80033,80036,80097,80099,80132,80134,80173,80181,80191,80197,80202,80295,80297,80321,80323,80341,80344,80375,80381,80386,80389,80391,80516,80518,80542,80544,80563,80569,80575,80694,80696,80713,80720,80726,80731,80738,80744,80746,80803,80806,80827,80830,80833,80894,80896,80929,80933,81003,81005,81022,81026,81029,81104,81106,81143,81146,81149,81220,81222,81283,81288,81293,81296,81310,81312,81385,81387,81407,81410,81413,81470,81532,81535,81567,81570,81585,81590,81592,81598,81601,81657,81660,81662,81681,81685,81687,81731,81740,81742,81802,81806,81809,81811,81904,81906,82021,82025,82027,82101,82104,82107,82109,82114,82179,82181,82205,82215,82217,82223,82232,82241,82250,82256,82259,82263,82266,82268,82294],[10,79710,1686,79712,3355],{"id":79711},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79713,39489],{},[20,79715,3358,79716,79718],{},[15,79717,39489],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79720,79721],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79723,79724,79727,79730],{},[33,79725,79726],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79728,79729],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79731,79732],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79734,79735],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79737,79738,79745,79751],{},[33,79739,79740,13833,79742,79744],{},[15,79741,39489],{},[123,79743,902],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79746,79747,79748],{},"it returns a ",[123,79749,79750],{},"map object",[33,79752,79753,79754],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79755,24555],{},[131,79757,1775],{"id":1774},[46,79759,79761],{"className":48,"code":79760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79762,79763,79787,79806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79764,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79766,3395],{"class":61},[55,79768,66],{"class":65},[55,79770,3400],{"class":91},[55,79772,2761],{"class":1210},[55,79774,2764],{"class":91},[55,79776,2767],{"class":1210},[55,79778,2764],{"class":91},[55,79780,2223],{"class":1210},[55,79782,2764],{"class":91},[55,79784,2229],{"class":1210},[55,79786,3413],{"class":91},[55,79788,79789,79791,79793,79796,79798,79800,79802,79804],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,79790,83],{"class":61},[55,79792,66],{"class":65},[55,79794,79795],{"class":105}," map",[55,79797,109],{"class":91},[55,79799,3220],{"class":1265},[55,79801,2764],{"class":91},[55,79803,4045],{"class":95},[55,79805,342],{"class":91},[55,79807,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,79809,106],{"class":105},[55,79811,109],{"class":91},[55,79813,7877],{"class":1265},[55,79815,109],{"class":91},[55,79817,112],{"class":95},[55,79819,1273],{"class":91},[20,79821,357],{},[46,79823,79825],{"className":48,"code":79824,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79826,79827],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79828,79829,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857,79859,79861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79830,3680],{"class":91},[55,79832,3077],{"class":69},[55,79834,2761],{"class":73},[55,79836,3077],{"class":69},[55,79838,2764],{"class":91},[55,79840,3072],{"class":69},[55,79842,1829],{"class":73},[55,79844,3077],{"class":69},[55,79846,2764],{"class":91},[55,79848,3072],{"class":69},[55,79850,1835],{"class":73},[55,79852,3077],{"class":69},[55,79854,2764],{"class":91},[55,79856,3072],{"class":69},[55,79858,2277],{"class":73},[55,79860,3077],{"class":69},[55,79862,3413],{"class":91},[20,79864,1866,79865,79868,79869,79871],{},[15,79866,79867],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79870,24555],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[131,79873,134,79875,137],{"id":79874},"what-map-does",[15,79876,39489],{},[20,79878,79879,79881],{},[15,79880,39489],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79883,79884,79885,79887],{},"An ",[123,79886,3498],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,79889,79890,79892,79894,79896],{},[33,79891,37673],{},[33,79893,37676],{},[33,79895,37679],{},[33,79897,79898],{},"a range object",[20,79900,30497],{},[46,79902,79904],{"className":48,"code":79903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79905,79906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79907,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79909,39632],{"class":105},[55,79911,109],{"class":91},[55,79913,37632],{"class":95},[55,79915,2764],{"class":91},[55,79917,37637],{"class":95},[55,79919,342],{"class":91},[20,79921,79922],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79924,79925,79926,33514],{},"Important: the result is a ",[123,79927,79750],{},[20,79929,79930,79931,92],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[166,79932,4920],{"href":4919},[131,79934,178],{"id":177},[20,79936,79937,79939],{},[15,79938,39489],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,79941,79942,79948],{},[33,79943,79944,79947],{},[123,79945,79946],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,79949,79950,79953],{},[123,79951,79952],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79955,3483],{},[46,79957,79958],{"className":48,"code":79903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,79959,79960],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79961,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79963,39632],{"class":105},[55,79965,109],{"class":91},[55,79967,37632],{"class":95},[55,79969,2764],{"class":91},[55,79971,37637],{"class":95},[55,79973,342],{"class":91},[20,79975,79976],{},"You can pass:",[30,79978,79979,79988,79991],{},[33,79980,79981,79982,1963,79984,1967,79986],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79983,3220],{},[15,79985,1962],{},[15,79987,1789],{},[33,79989,79990],{},"your own custom function",[33,79992,79993],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79995,79996],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79998,79999,80000,80002],{},"You will often see ",[15,80001,39489],{}," used like this:",[46,80004,80006],{"className":48,"code":80005,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80007,80008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80009,80010,80012,80014,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80011,7877],{"class":1265},[55,80013,109],{"class":91},[55,80015,39632],{"class":105},[55,80017,109],{"class":91},[55,80019,37632],{"class":95},[55,80021,2764],{"class":91},[55,80023,3665],{"class":95},[55,80025,1273],{"class":91},[20,80027,6463,80028,80030],{},[15,80029,24555],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[131,80032,286],{"id":285},[20,80034,80035],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[46,80037,80039],{"className":48,"code":80038,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80040,80041,80061,80079,80083],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80042,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80044,3395],{"class":61},[55,80046,66],{"class":65},[55,80048,3400],{"class":91},[55,80050,2101],{"class":1210},[55,80052,2764],{"class":91},[55,80054,7574],{"class":1210},[55,80056,2764],{"class":91},[55,80058,7579],{"class":1210},[55,80060,3413],{"class":91},[55,80062,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,80064,83],{"class":61},[55,80066,66],{"class":65},[55,80068,79795],{"class":105},[55,80070,109],{"class":91},[55,80072,3220],{"class":1265},[55,80074,2764],{"class":91},[55,80076,4045],{"class":95},[55,80078,342],{"class":91},[55,80080,80081],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,80082,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80084,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,80086,106],{"class":105},[55,80088,109],{"class":91},[55,80090,7877],{"class":1265},[55,80092,109],{"class":91},[55,80094,112],{"class":95},[55,80096,1273],{"class":91},[20,80098,357],{},[46,80100,80102],{"className":48,"code":80101,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80103,80104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80105,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80107,3680],{"class":91},[55,80109,3077],{"class":69},[55,80111,2101],{"class":73},[55,80113,3077],{"class":69},[55,80115,2764],{"class":91},[55,80117,3072],{"class":69},[55,80119,15533],{"class":73},[55,80121,3077],{"class":69},[55,80123,2764],{"class":91},[55,80125,3072],{"class":69},[55,80127,36612],{"class":73},[55,80129,3077],{"class":69},[55,80131,3413],{"class":91},[20,80133,11463],{},[30,80135,80136,80141,80149,80157,80165],{},[33,80137,80138,80140],{},[15,80139,3427],{}," contains integers",[33,80142,80143,80146,80147],{},[15,80144,80145],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80148,47454],{},[33,80150,80151,41928,80154],{},[15,80152,80153],{},"str(10)",[15,80155,80156],{},"'10'",[33,80158,80159,41928,80162],{},[15,80160,80161],{},"str(20)",[15,80163,80164],{},"'20'",[33,80166,80167,41928,80170],{},[15,80168,80169],{},"str(30)",[15,80171,80172],{},"'30'",[20,80174,53424,80175,80177,80178,80180],{},[15,80176,39489],{}," applies ",[15,80179,47454],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80182,80183,80184,80186,80187,92],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80185,24555],{}," better, see ",[166,80188,1686,80189,1689],{"href":64620},[15,80190,24555],{},[131,80192,1185,80194,80196],{"id":80193},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80195,39489],{}," with your own function",[20,80198,15493,80199,80201],{},[15,80200,39489],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[46,80203,80205],{"className":48,"code":80204,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80206,80207,80220,80230,80234,80258,80277,80281],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80208,80209,80211,80214,80216,80218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80210,34621],{"class":1838},[55,80212,80213],{"class":34624}," double",[55,80215,109],{"class":91},[55,80217,1947],{"class":37434},[55,80219,8124],{"class":91},[55,80221,80222,80224,80226,80228],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,80223,34632],{"class":487},[55,80225,3659],{"class":61},[55,80227,39645],{"class":65},[55,80229,45359],{"class":1210},[55,80231,80232],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,80233,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80235,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,80237,3395],{"class":61},[55,80239,66],{"class":65},[55,80241,3400],{"class":91},[55,80243,2761],{"class":1210},[55,80245,2764],{"class":91},[55,80247,2767],{"class":1210},[55,80249,2764],{"class":91},[55,80251,2223],{"class":1210},[55,80253,2764],{"class":91},[55,80255,2229],{"class":1210},[55,80257,3413],{"class":91},[55,80259,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268,80271,80273,80275],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,80261,83],{"class":61},[55,80263,66],{"class":65},[55,80265,79795],{"class":105},[55,80267,109],{"class":91},[55,80269,80270],{"class":95},"double",[55,80272,2764],{"class":91},[55,80274,4045],{"class":95},[55,80276,342],{"class":91},[55,80278,80279],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,80280,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80282,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,80284,106],{"class":105},[55,80286,109],{"class":91},[55,80288,7877],{"class":1265},[55,80290,109],{"class":91},[55,80292,112],{"class":95},[55,80294,1273],{"class":91},[20,80296,357],{},[46,80298,80299],{"className":48,"code":39658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,80300,80301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80302,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311,80313,80315,80317,80319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80304,3680],{"class":91},[55,80306,1829],{"class":1210},[55,80308,2764],{"class":91},[55,80310,2229],{"class":1210},[55,80312,2764],{"class":91},[55,80314,37415],{"class":1210},[55,80316,2764],{"class":91},[55,80318,6146],{"class":1210},[55,80320,3413],{"class":91},[20,80322,65357],{},[30,80324,80325,80332,80338],{},[33,80326,80327,80329,80330],{},[15,80328,39489],{}," takes the function ",[15,80331,80270],{},[33,80333,80334,80335,80337],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80336,3427],{}," into that function",[33,80339,80340],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80342,80343],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80345,80346,80353,80360,80368],{},[33,80347,80348,5858,80351],{},[15,80349,80350],{},"double(1)",[15,80352,1829],{},[33,80354,80355,5858,80358],{},[15,80356,80357],{},"double(2)",[15,80359,2277],{},[33,80361,80362,5858,80365],{},[15,80363,80364],{},"double(3)",[15,80366,80367],{},"6",[33,80369,80370,5858,80373],{},[15,80371,80372],{},"double(4)",[15,80374,2116],{},[131,80376,1185,80378,80380],{"id":80377},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80379,39489],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80382,80383,80385],{},[15,80384,39489],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80387,80388],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80390,214],{},[46,80392,80394],{"className":48,"code":80393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80395,80396,80413,80423,80427,80448,80469,80473,80498,80502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80397,80398,80400,80403,80405,80407,80409,80411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80399,34621],{"class":1838},[55,80401,80402],{"class":34624}," add_numbers",[55,80404,109],{"class":91},[55,80406,166],{"class":37434},[55,80408,2764],{"class":91},[55,80410,2332],{"class":37434},[55,80412,8124],{"class":91},[55,80414,80415,80417,80419,80421],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,80416,34632],{"class":487},[55,80418,44316],{"class":61},[55,80420,1832],{"class":65},[55,80422,35952],{"class":61},[55,80424,80425],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,80426,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80428,80429,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,80430,80431],{"class":61},"list1 ",[55,80433,66],{"class":65},[55,80435,3400],{"class":91},[55,80437,2761],{"class":1210},[55,80439,2764],{"class":91},[55,80441,2767],{"class":1210},[55,80443,2764],{"class":91},[55,80445,2223],{"class":1210},[55,80447,3413],{"class":91},[55,80449,80450,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,80451,80452],{"class":61},"list2 ",[55,80454,66],{"class":65},[55,80456,3400],{"class":91},[55,80458,2101],{"class":1210},[55,80460,2764],{"class":91},[55,80462,7574],{"class":1210},[55,80464,2764],{"class":91},[55,80466,7579],{"class":1210},[55,80468,3413],{"class":91},[55,80470,80471],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,80472,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80474,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80486,80488,80491,80493,80496],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,80476,83],{"class":61},[55,80478,66],{"class":65},[55,80480,79795],{"class":105},[55,80482,109],{"class":91},[55,80484,80485],{"class":95},"add_numbers",[55,80487,2764],{"class":91},[55,80489,80490],{"class":95}," list1",[55,80492,2764],{"class":91},[55,80494,80495],{"class":95}," list2",[55,80497,342],{"class":91},[55,80499,80500],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,80501,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80503,80504,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,80505,106],{"class":105},[55,80507,109],{"class":91},[55,80509,7877],{"class":1265},[55,80511,109],{"class":91},[55,80513,112],{"class":95},[55,80515,1273],{"class":91},[20,80517,357],{},[46,80519,80521],{"className":48,"code":80520,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80522,80523],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80524,80525,80527,80530,80532,80535,80537,80540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80526,3680],{"class":91},[55,80528,80529],{"class":1210},"11",[55,80531,2764],{"class":91},[55,80533,80534],{"class":1210}," 22",[55,80536,2764],{"class":91},[55,80538,80539],{"class":1210}," 33",[55,80541,3413],{"class":91},[20,80543,1952],{},[30,80545,80546,80552,80558],{},[33,80547,80548,80549],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80550,80551],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80553,80554,80555],{},"then ",[15,80556,80557],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80559,80554,80560],{},[15,80561,80562],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1003,80564,80566,80568],{"id":80565},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80567,39489],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80570,80571,80572,80574],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80573,39489],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[46,80576,80578],{"className":48,"code":80577,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80579,80580,80596,80606,80610,80634,80650,80654,80676,80680],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80581,80582,80584,80586,80588,80590,80592,80594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80583,34621],{"class":1838},[55,80585,80402],{"class":34624},[55,80587,109],{"class":91},[55,80589,166],{"class":37434},[55,80591,2764],{"class":91},[55,80593,2332],{"class":37434},[55,80595,8124],{"class":91},[55,80597,80598,80600,80602,80604],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,80599,34632],{"class":487},[55,80601,44316],{"class":61},[55,80603,1832],{"class":65},[55,80605,35952],{"class":61},[55,80607,80608],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,80609,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80611,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,80613,80431],{"class":61},[55,80615,66],{"class":65},[55,80617,3400],{"class":91},[55,80619,2761],{"class":1210},[55,80621,2764],{"class":91},[55,80623,2767],{"class":1210},[55,80625,2764],{"class":91},[55,80627,2223],{"class":1210},[55,80629,2764],{"class":91},[55,80631,2229],{"class":1210},[55,80633,3413],{"class":91},[55,80635,80636,80638,80640,80642,80644,80646,80648],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,80637,80452],{"class":61},[55,80639,66],{"class":65},[55,80641,3400],{"class":91},[55,80643,2101],{"class":1210},[55,80645,2764],{"class":91},[55,80647,7574],{"class":1210},[55,80649,3413],{"class":91},[55,80651,80652],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,80653,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80655,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,80657,83],{"class":61},[55,80659,66],{"class":65},[55,80661,79795],{"class":105},[55,80663,109],{"class":91},[55,80665,80485],{"class":95},[55,80667,2764],{"class":91},[55,80669,80490],{"class":95},[55,80671,2764],{"class":91},[55,80673,80495],{"class":95},[55,80675,342],{"class":91},[55,80677,80678],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,80679,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80681,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,80683,106],{"class":105},[55,80685,109],{"class":91},[55,80687,7877],{"class":1265},[55,80689,109],{"class":91},[55,80691,112],{"class":95},[55,80693,1273],{"class":91},[20,80695,357],{},[46,80697,80699],{"className":48,"code":80698,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80700,80701],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80702,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80704,3680],{"class":91},[55,80706,80529],{"class":1210},[55,80708,2764],{"class":91},[55,80710,80534],{"class":1210},[55,80712,3413],{"class":91},[20,80714,80715,80716,80719],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80717,80718],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[131,80721,80723,80725],{"id":80722},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80724,39489],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80727,37795,80728,80730],{},[15,80729,39489],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80732,80733,80734,80737],{},"This object is ",[123,80735,80736],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1003,80739,2261,80741,80743],{"id":80740},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80742,32800],{}," looks strange",[20,80745,33415],{},[46,80747,80749],{"className":48,"code":80748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80750,80751,80771,80789,80793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80752,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80754,3395],{"class":61},[55,80756,66],{"class":65},[55,80758,3400],{"class":91},[55,80760,2761],{"class":1210},[55,80762,2764],{"class":91},[55,80764,2767],{"class":1210},[55,80766,2764],{"class":91},[55,80768,2223],{"class":1210},[55,80770,3413],{"class":91},[55,80772,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,80774,83],{"class":61},[55,80776,66],{"class":65},[55,80778,79795],{"class":105},[55,80780,109],{"class":91},[55,80782,3220],{"class":1265},[55,80784,2764],{"class":91},[55,80786,4045],{"class":95},[55,80788,342],{"class":91},[55,80790,80791],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,80792,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80794,80795,80797,80799,80801],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,80796,106],{"class":105},[55,80798,109],{"class":91},[55,80800,112],{"class":95},[55,80802,342],{"class":91},[20,80804,80805],{},"Output will look something like this:",[46,80807,80809],{"className":48,"code":80808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80810,80811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80812,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80814,3066],{"class":65},[55,80816,39632],{"class":105},[55,80818,24392],{"class":1265},[55,80820,37135],{"class":61},[55,80822,37139],{"class":37138},[55,80824,37142],{"class":375},[55,80826,3080],{"class":65},[20,80828,80829],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80831,80832],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[46,80834,80836],{"className":48,"code":80835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80837,80838,80858,80876,80880],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80839,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80841,3395],{"class":61},[55,80843,66],{"class":65},[55,80845,3400],{"class":91},[55,80847,2761],{"class":1210},[55,80849,2764],{"class":91},[55,80851,2767],{"class":1210},[55,80853,2764],{"class":91},[55,80855,2223],{"class":1210},[55,80857,3413],{"class":91},[55,80859,80860,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,80861,83],{"class":61},[55,80863,66],{"class":65},[55,80865,79795],{"class":105},[55,80867,109],{"class":91},[55,80869,3220],{"class":1265},[55,80871,2764],{"class":91},[55,80873,4045],{"class":95},[55,80875,342],{"class":91},[55,80877,80878],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,80879,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80881,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,80883,106],{"class":105},[55,80885,109],{"class":91},[55,80887,7877],{"class":1265},[55,80889,109],{"class":91},[55,80891,112],{"class":95},[55,80893,1273],{"class":91},[20,80895,357],{},[46,80897,80899],{"className":48,"code":80898,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80900,80901],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80902,80903,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80904,3680],{"class":91},[55,80906,3077],{"class":69},[55,80908,2761],{"class":73},[55,80910,3077],{"class":69},[55,80912,2764],{"class":91},[55,80914,3072],{"class":69},[55,80916,1829],{"class":73},[55,80918,3077],{"class":69},[55,80920,2764],{"class":91},[55,80922,3072],{"class":69},[55,80924,1835],{"class":73},[55,80926,3077],{"class":69},[55,80928,3413],{"class":91},[1003,80930,80932],{"id":80931},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[46,80934,80936],{"className":48,"code":80935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80937,80938,80958,80976,80980,80993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80939,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80941,3395],{"class":61},[55,80943,66],{"class":65},[55,80945,3400],{"class":91},[55,80947,2761],{"class":1210},[55,80949,2764],{"class":91},[55,80951,2767],{"class":1210},[55,80953,2764],{"class":91},[55,80955,2223],{"class":1210},[55,80957,3413],{"class":91},[55,80959,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,80961,83],{"class":61},[55,80963,66],{"class":65},[55,80965,79795],{"class":105},[55,80967,109],{"class":91},[55,80969,3220],{"class":1265},[55,80971,2764],{"class":91},[55,80973,4045],{"class":95},[55,80975,342],{"class":91},[55,80977,80978],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,80979,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988,80991],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,80983,5743],{"class":487},[55,80985,5746],{"class":61},[55,80987,3662],{"class":487},[55,80989,80990],{"class":61}," result",[55,80992,511],{"class":91},[55,80994,80995,80997,80999,81001],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,80996,516],{"class":105},[55,80998,109],{"class":91},[55,81000,23087],{"class":95},[55,81002,342],{"class":91},[20,81004,357],{},[46,81006,81008],{"className":48,"code":81007,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81009,81010,81014,81018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81011,81012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81013,46687],{"class":1210},[55,81015,81016],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81017,16834],{"class":1210},[55,81019,81020],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81021,46387],{"class":1210},[1003,81023,81025],{"id":81024},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81027,81028],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[46,81030,81032],{"className":48,"code":81031,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81033,81034,81054,81072,81076,81090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81035,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81037,3395],{"class":61},[55,81039,66],{"class":65},[55,81041,3400],{"class":91},[55,81043,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81045,2764],{"class":91},[55,81047,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81049,2764],{"class":91},[55,81051,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81053,3413],{"class":91},[55,81055,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81057,83],{"class":61},[55,81059,66],{"class":65},[55,81061,79795],{"class":105},[55,81063,109],{"class":91},[55,81065,3220],{"class":1265},[55,81067,2764],{"class":91},[55,81069,4045],{"class":95},[55,81071,342],{"class":91},[55,81073,81074],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81075,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81077,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,81079,106],{"class":105},[55,81081,109],{"class":91},[55,81083,7877],{"class":1265},[55,81085,109],{"class":91},[55,81087,112],{"class":95},[55,81089,1273],{"class":91},[55,81091,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,81093,106],{"class":105},[55,81095,109],{"class":91},[55,81097,7877],{"class":1265},[55,81099,109],{"class":91},[55,81101,112],{"class":95},[55,81103,1273],{"class":91},[20,81105,357],{},[46,81107,81109],{"className":48,"code":81108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81110,81111,81139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81112,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81114,3680],{"class":91},[55,81116,3077],{"class":69},[55,81118,2761],{"class":73},[55,81120,3077],{"class":69},[55,81122,2764],{"class":91},[55,81124,3072],{"class":69},[55,81126,1829],{"class":73},[55,81128,3077],{"class":69},[55,81130,2764],{"class":91},[55,81132,3072],{"class":69},[55,81134,1835],{"class":73},[55,81136,3077],{"class":69},[55,81138,3413],{"class":91},[55,81140,81141],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81142,38069],{"class":91},[20,81144,81145],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81147,81148],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[46,81150,81152],{"className":48,"code":81151,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81153,81154,81174,81196,81200,81210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81155,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81157,3395],{"class":61},[55,81159,66],{"class":65},[55,81161,3400],{"class":91},[55,81163,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81165,2764],{"class":91},[55,81167,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81169,2764],{"class":91},[55,81171,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81173,3413],{"class":91},[55,81175,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81177,83],{"class":61},[55,81179,66],{"class":65},[55,81181,22336],{"class":1265},[55,81183,109],{"class":91},[55,81185,39632],{"class":105},[55,81187,109],{"class":91},[55,81189,3220],{"class":1265},[55,81191,2764],{"class":91},[55,81193,4045],{"class":95},[55,81195,1273],{"class":91},[55,81197,81198],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81199,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81201,81202,81204,81206,81208],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,81203,106],{"class":105},[55,81205,109],{"class":91},[55,81207,112],{"class":95},[55,81209,342],{"class":91},[55,81211,81212,81214,81216,81218],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,81213,106],{"class":105},[55,81215,109],{"class":91},[55,81217,112],{"class":95},[55,81219,342],{"class":91},[20,81221,357],{},[46,81223,81225],{"className":48,"code":81224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81226,81227,81255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81228,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81230,3680],{"class":91},[55,81232,3077],{"class":69},[55,81234,2761],{"class":73},[55,81236,3077],{"class":69},[55,81238,2764],{"class":91},[55,81240,3072],{"class":69},[55,81242,1829],{"class":73},[55,81244,3077],{"class":69},[55,81246,2764],{"class":91},[55,81248,3072],{"class":69},[55,81250,1835],{"class":73},[55,81252,3077],{"class":69},[55,81254,3413],{"class":91},[55,81256,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81258,3680],{"class":91},[55,81260,3077],{"class":69},[55,81262,2761],{"class":73},[55,81264,3077],{"class":69},[55,81266,2764],{"class":91},[55,81268,3072],{"class":69},[55,81270,1829],{"class":73},[55,81272,3077],{"class":69},[55,81274,2764],{"class":91},[55,81276,3072],{"class":69},[55,81278,1835],{"class":73},[55,81280,3077],{"class":69},[55,81282,3413],{"class":91},[131,81284,4744,81286],{"id":81285},"when-to-use-map",[15,81287,39489],{},[20,81289,81290,81292],{},[15,81291,39489],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81294,81295],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81297,81298,81302,81306],{},[33,81299,81300],{},[15,81301,3220],{},[33,81303,81304],{},[15,81305,1962],{},[33,81307,81308],{},[15,81309,1789],{},[20,81311,214],{},[46,81313,81315],{"className":48,"code":81314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81316,81317,81349,81371,81375],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81318,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81320,3601],{"class":61},[55,81322,66],{"class":65},[55,81324,3400],{"class":91},[55,81326,3077],{"class":69},[55,81328,2761],{"class":73},[55,81330,3077],{"class":69},[55,81332,2764],{"class":91},[55,81334,3072],{"class":69},[55,81336,1829],{"class":73},[55,81338,3077],{"class":69},[55,81340,2764],{"class":91},[55,81342,3072],{"class":69},[55,81344,1835],{"class":73},[55,81346,3077],{"class":69},[55,81348,3413],{"class":91},[55,81350,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81352,3395],{"class":61},[55,81354,66],{"class":65},[55,81356,22336],{"class":1265},[55,81358,109],{"class":91},[55,81360,39632],{"class":105},[55,81362,109],{"class":91},[55,81364,1962],{"class":1265},[55,81366,2764],{"class":91},[55,81368,3665],{"class":95},[55,81370,1273],{"class":91},[55,81372,81373],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81374,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81376,81377,81379,81381,81383],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,81378,106],{"class":105},[55,81380,109],{"class":91},[55,81382,3427],{"class":95},[55,81384,342],{"class":91},[20,81386,357],{},[46,81388,81389],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81390,81391],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81392,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81394,3680],{"class":91},[55,81396,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81398,2764],{"class":91},[55,81400,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81402,2764],{"class":91},[55,81404,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81406,3413],{"class":91},[20,81408,81409],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81411,81412],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[46,81414,81416],{"className":48,"code":81415,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81417,81418,81438,81460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81419,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81421,3395],{"class":61},[55,81423,66],{"class":65},[55,81425,3400],{"class":91},[55,81427,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81429,2764],{"class":91},[55,81431,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81433,2764],{"class":91},[55,81435,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81437,3413],{"class":91},[55,81439,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81441,83],{"class":61},[55,81443,66],{"class":65},[55,81445,22336],{"class":1265},[55,81447,109],{"class":91},[55,81449,39632],{"class":105},[55,81451,109],{"class":91},[55,81453,3220],{"class":1265},[55,81455,2764],{"class":91},[55,81457,4045],{"class":95},[55,81459,1273],{"class":91},[55,81461,81462,81464,81466,81468],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81463,106],{"class":105},[55,81465,109],{"class":91},[55,81467,112],{"class":95},[55,81469,342],{"class":91},[46,81471,81473],{"className":48,"code":81472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81474,81475,81495,81522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81476,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81478,3395],{"class":61},[55,81480,66],{"class":65},[55,81482,3400],{"class":91},[55,81484,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81486,2764],{"class":91},[55,81488,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81490,2764],{"class":91},[55,81492,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81494,3413],{"class":91},[55,81496,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81516,81518,81520],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81498,83],{"class":61},[55,81500,66],{"class":65},[55,81502,3400],{"class":91},[55,81504,3220],{"class":1265},[55,81506,109],{"class":91},[55,81508,75803],{"class":95},[55,81510,115],{"class":91},[55,81512,3656],{"class":487},[55,81514,81515],{"class":61}," n ",[55,81517,3662],{"class":487},[55,81519,4045],{"class":61},[55,81521,3413],{"class":91},[55,81523,81524,81526,81528,81530],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81525,106],{"class":105},[55,81527,109],{"class":91},[55,81529,112],{"class":95},[55,81531,342],{"class":91},[20,81533,81534],{},"Both produce:",[46,81536,81537],{"className":48,"code":80898,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81538,81539],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81540,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81542,3680],{"class":91},[55,81544,3077],{"class":69},[55,81546,2761],{"class":73},[55,81548,3077],{"class":69},[55,81550,2764],{"class":91},[55,81552,3072],{"class":69},[55,81554,1829],{"class":73},[55,81556,3077],{"class":69},[55,81558,2764],{"class":91},[55,81560,3072],{"class":69},[55,81562,1835],{"class":73},[55,81564,3077],{"class":69},[55,81566,3413],{"class":91},[20,81568,81569],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81571,81572,81577,81582],{},[33,81573,39763,81574,81576],{},[15,81575,39489],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81578,39769,81579,81581],{},[15,81580,5743],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81583,81584],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81586,81587,81588,92],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[166,81589,4175],{"href":4174},[131,81591,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,81593,81595,81596],{"id":81594},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81597,24555],{},[20,81599,81600],{},"This is very common:",[46,81602,81603],{"className":48,"code":80748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81604,81605,81625,81643,81647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81606,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81608,3395],{"class":61},[55,81610,66],{"class":65},[55,81612,3400],{"class":91},[55,81614,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81616,2764],{"class":91},[55,81618,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81620,2764],{"class":91},[55,81622,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81624,3413],{"class":91},[55,81626,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81628,83],{"class":61},[55,81630,66],{"class":65},[55,81632,79795],{"class":105},[55,81634,109],{"class":91},[55,81636,3220],{"class":1265},[55,81638,2764],{"class":91},[55,81640,4045],{"class":95},[55,81642,342],{"class":91},[55,81644,81645],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81646,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81648,81649,81651,81653,81655],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,81650,106],{"class":105},[55,81652,109],{"class":91},[55,81654,112],{"class":95},[55,81656,342],{"class":91},[20,81658,81659],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81661,39034],{},[46,81663,81665],{"className":48,"code":81664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81666,81667],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81668,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81670,106],{"class":105},[55,81672,109],{"class":91},[55,81674,7877],{"class":1265},[55,81676,109],{"class":91},[55,81678,112],{"class":95},[55,81680,1273],{"class":91},[1003,81682,81684],{"id":81683},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81686,1017],{},[46,81688,81690],{"className":48,"code":81689,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81691,81692,81712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81693,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81695,3395],{"class":61},[55,81697,66],{"class":65},[55,81699,3400],{"class":91},[55,81701,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81703,2764],{"class":91},[55,81705,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81707,2764],{"class":91},[55,81709,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81711,3413],{"class":91},[55,81713,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81727,81729],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81715,83],{"class":61},[55,81717,66],{"class":65},[55,81719,79795],{"class":105},[55,81721,109],{"class":91},[55,81723,3220],{"class":1265},[55,81725,81726],{"class":91},"(),",[55,81728,4045],{"class":95},[55,81730,342],{"class":91},[20,81732,81733,81734,81736,81737,81739],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81735,47454],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81738,39489],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81741,1055],{},[46,81743,81744],{"className":48,"code":80835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,81745,81746,81766,81784,81788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81747,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81749,3395],{"class":61},[55,81751,66],{"class":65},[55,81753,3400],{"class":91},[55,81755,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81757,2764],{"class":91},[55,81759,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81761,2764],{"class":91},[55,81763,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81765,3413],{"class":91},[55,81767,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81769,83],{"class":61},[55,81771,66],{"class":65},[55,81773,79795],{"class":105},[55,81775,109],{"class":91},[55,81777,3220],{"class":1265},[55,81779,2764],{"class":91},[55,81781,4045],{"class":95},[55,81783,342],{"class":91},[55,81785,81786],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81787,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81789,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,81791,106],{"class":105},[55,81793,109],{"class":91},[55,81795,7877],{"class":1265},[55,81797,109],{"class":91},[55,81799,112],{"class":95},[55,81801,1273],{"class":91},[1003,81803,81805],{"id":81804},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81807,81808],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81810,1017],{},[46,81812,81814],{"className":48,"code":81813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81815,81816,81833,81843,81847,81867,81886,81890],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81817,81818,81820,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81819,34621],{"class":1838},[55,81821,81822],{"class":34624}," add",[55,81824,109],{"class":91},[55,81826,166],{"class":37434},[55,81828,2764],{"class":91},[55,81830,2332],{"class":37434},[55,81832,8124],{"class":91},[55,81834,81835,81837,81839,81841],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81836,34632],{"class":487},[55,81838,44316],{"class":61},[55,81840,1832],{"class":65},[55,81842,35952],{"class":61},[55,81844,81845],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81846,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81848,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,81850,3395],{"class":61},[55,81852,66],{"class":65},[55,81854,3400],{"class":91},[55,81856,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81858,2764],{"class":91},[55,81860,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81862,2764],{"class":91},[55,81864,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81866,3413],{"class":91},[55,81868,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81880,81882,81884],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,81870,83],{"class":61},[55,81872,66],{"class":65},[55,81874,79795],{"class":105},[55,81876,109],{"class":91},[55,81878,81879],{"class":95},"add",[55,81881,2764],{"class":91},[55,81883,4045],{"class":95},[55,81885,342],{"class":91},[55,81887,81888],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,81889,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81891,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,81893,106],{"class":105},[55,81895,109],{"class":91},[55,81897,7877],{"class":1265},[55,81899,109],{"class":91},[55,81901,112],{"class":95},[55,81903,1273],{"class":91},[20,81905,1055],{},[46,81907,81909],{"className":48,"code":81908,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81910,81911,81927,81937,81941,81961,81981,82003,82007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81912,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81914,34621],{"class":1838},[55,81916,81822],{"class":34624},[55,81918,109],{"class":91},[55,81920,166],{"class":37434},[55,81922,2764],{"class":91},[55,81924,2332],{"class":37434},[55,81926,8124],{"class":91},[55,81928,81929,81931,81933,81935],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,81930,34632],{"class":487},[55,81932,44316],{"class":61},[55,81934,1832],{"class":65},[55,81936,35952],{"class":61},[55,81938,81939],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,81940,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,81942,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,81944,80431],{"class":61},[55,81946,66],{"class":65},[55,81948,3400],{"class":91},[55,81950,2761],{"class":1210},[55,81952,2764],{"class":91},[55,81954,2767],{"class":1210},[55,81956,2764],{"class":91},[55,81958,2223],{"class":1210},[55,81960,3413],{"class":91},[55,81962,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,81964,80452],{"class":61},[55,81966,66],{"class":65},[55,81968,3400],{"class":91},[55,81970,2101],{"class":1210},[55,81972,2764],{"class":91},[55,81974,7574],{"class":1210},[55,81976,2764],{"class":91},[55,81978,7579],{"class":1210},[55,81980,3413],{"class":91},[55,81982,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,81984,83],{"class":61},[55,81986,66],{"class":65},[55,81988,79795],{"class":105},[55,81990,109],{"class":91},[55,81992,81879],{"class":95},[55,81994,2764],{"class":91},[55,81996,80490],{"class":95},[55,81998,2764],{"class":91},[55,82000,80495],{"class":95},[55,82002,342],{"class":91},[55,82004,82005],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,82006,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,82008,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,82010,106],{"class":105},[55,82012,109],{"class":91},[55,82014,7877],{"class":1265},[55,82016,109],{"class":91},[55,82018,112],{"class":95},[55,82020,1273],{"class":91},[1003,82022,82024],{"id":82023},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82026,1017],{},[46,82028,82029],{"className":48,"code":81031,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,82030,82031,82051,82069,82073,82087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82032,82033,82035,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047,82049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82034,3395],{"class":61},[55,82036,66],{"class":65},[55,82038,3400],{"class":91},[55,82040,2761],{"class":1210},[55,82042,2764],{"class":91},[55,82044,2767],{"class":1210},[55,82046,2764],{"class":91},[55,82048,2223],{"class":1210},[55,82050,3413],{"class":91},[55,82052,82053,82055,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065,82067],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82054,83],{"class":61},[55,82056,66],{"class":65},[55,82058,79795],{"class":105},[55,82060,109],{"class":91},[55,82062,3220],{"class":1265},[55,82064,2764],{"class":91},[55,82066,4045],{"class":95},[55,82068,342],{"class":91},[55,82070,82071],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,82072,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,82074,82075,82077,82079,82081,82083,82085],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,82076,106],{"class":105},[55,82078,109],{"class":91},[55,82080,7877],{"class":1265},[55,82082,109],{"class":91},[55,82084,112],{"class":95},[55,82086,1273],{"class":91},[55,82088,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,82090,106],{"class":105},[55,82092,109],{"class":91},[55,82094,7877],{"class":1265},[55,82096,109],{"class":91},[55,82098,112],{"class":95},[55,82100,1273],{"class":91},[20,82102,82103],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82105,82106],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[131,82108,67668],{"id":67667},[20,82110,8654,82111,82113],{},[15,82112,39489],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,82115,82117],{"className":48,"code":82116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82118,82119,82129,82143,82157,82169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82120,82121,82123,82125,82127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82122,106],{"class":105},[55,82124,109],{"class":91},[55,82126,112],{"class":95},[55,82128,342],{"class":91},[55,82130,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82132,106],{"class":105},[55,82134,109],{"class":91},[55,82136,7877],{"class":1265},[55,82138,109],{"class":91},[55,82140,112],{"class":95},[55,82142,1273],{"class":91},[55,82144,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,82146,106],{"class":105},[55,82148,109],{"class":91},[55,82150,1266],{"class":1265},[55,82152,109],{"class":91},[55,82154,112],{"class":95},[55,82156,1273],{"class":91},[55,82158,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,82160,5743],{"class":487},[55,82162,5746],{"class":61},[55,82164,3662],{"class":487},[55,82166,80990],{"class":61},[55,82168,511],{"class":91},[55,82170,82171,82173,82175,82177],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,82172,516],{"class":105},[55,82174,109],{"class":91},[55,82176,23087],{"class":95},[55,82178,342],{"class":91},[20,82180,12453],{},[30,82182,82183,82188,82193,82199],{},[33,82184,82185,82187],{},[15,82186,32800],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82189,82190,82192],{},[15,82191,32808],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82194,82195,82198],{},[15,82196,82197],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82200,82201,82202,82204],{},"looping over ",[15,82203,112],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82206,82207,82208,82211,82212,82214],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82209,82210],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82213,5743],{}," loop consume the map object.",[131,82216,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,82218,1581,82220,82222],{"id":82219},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82221,39489],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82224,82225,82226,82228,82229,23715],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82227,39489],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82230,82231],{},"list(map(...))",[1003,82233,14683,82235,82237,82238,82240],{"id":82234},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82236,39489],{}," better than a ",[15,82239,5743],{}," loop?",[20,82242,82243,82244,82246,82247,82249],{},"Not always. ",[15,82245,39489],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82248,5743],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1003,82251,4953,82253,82255],{"id":82252},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82254,39489],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82257,82258],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1003,82260,82262],{"id":82261},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82264,82265],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[131,82267,1643],{"id":1642},[30,82269,82270,82276,82282,82286,82290],{},[33,82271,82272],{},[166,82273,1686,82274,1689],{"href":39858},[15,82275,37347],{},[33,82277,82278],{},[166,82279,1686,82280,1689],{"href":64620},[15,82281,24555],{},[33,82283,82284],{},[166,82285,5004],{"href":4915},[33,82287,82288],{},[166,82289,5009],{"href":4174},[33,82291,82292],{},[166,82293,4999],{"href":4919},[1696,82295,82296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":82298},[82299,82300,82302,82303,82304,82306,82311,82318,82320,82327,82328,82337],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":79874,"depth":80,"text":82301},"What map() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":80193,"depth":80,"text":82305},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80377,"depth":80,"text":82307,"children":82308},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82309],{"id":80565,"depth":102,"text":82310},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80722,"depth":80,"text":82312,"children":82313},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82314,82316,82317],{"id":80740,"depth":102,"text":82315},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80931,"depth":102,"text":80932},{"id":81024,"depth":102,"text":81025},{"id":81285,"depth":80,"text":82319},"When to use map()",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":82321},[82322,82324,82325,82326],{"id":81594,"depth":102,"text":82323},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81683,"depth":102,"text":81684},{"id":81804,"depth":102,"text":81805},{"id":82023,"depth":102,"text":82024},{"id":67667,"depth":80,"text":67668},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":82329},[82330,82332,82334,82336],{"id":82219,"depth":102,"text":82331},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82234,"depth":102,"text":82333},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82252,"depth":102,"text":82335},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82261,"depth":102,"text":82262},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79706,"description":82338},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82345,"title":82346,"body":82347,"description":84366,"extension":1733,"meta":84367,"navigation":248,"path":84368,"seo":84369,"stem":84370,"__hash__":84371},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82348,"toc":84324},[82349,82355,82360,82363,82371,82374,82376,82500,82502,82520,82522,82542,82547,82551,82565,82568,82571,82573,82578,82690,82693,82711,82717,82720,82782,82784,82793,82796,82810,82812,82860,82862,82871,82881,82887,82890,82917,82919,82927,82930,82933,83003,83005,83013,83016,83021,83026,83077,83079,83087,83090,83092,83109,83111,83163,83166,83172,83176,83181,83184,83188,83247,83249,83258,83264,83273,83277,83340,83342,83350,83355,83359,83364,83444,83446,83455,83462,83467,83472,83475,83510,83512,83520,83523,83529,83531,83581,83583,83592,83594,83612,83614,83619,83625,83632,83659,83661,83684,83689,83724,83729,83735,83740,83783,83786,83789,83828,83835,83841,83846,83861,83865,83872,83875,83879,83884,83888,83893,83895,83956,83958,83987,83992,83999,84008,84010,84013,84038,84040,84143,84146,84164,84173,84175,84180,84183,84189,84192,84194,84204,84210,84214,84272,84279,84287,84289,84321],[10,82350,1686,82352,3355],{"id":82351},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82353,82354],{},"max()",[20,82356,8902,82357,82359],{},[15,82358,82354],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82361,82362],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82364,82365,82368],{},[33,82366,82367],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82369,82370],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82372,82373],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[131,82375,1775],{"id":1774},[46,82377,82379],{"className":48,"code":82378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82380,82381,82405,82420,82424,82450,82454,82486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82382,82383,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397,82399,82401,82403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82384,3395],{"class":61},[55,82386,66],{"class":65},[55,82388,3400],{"class":91},[55,82390,1835],{"class":1210},[55,82392,2764],{"class":91},[55,82394,6146],{"class":1210},[55,82396,2764],{"class":91},[55,82398,2767],{"class":1210},[55,82400,2764],{"class":91},[55,82402,4388],{"class":1210},[55,82404,3413],{"class":91},[55,82406,82407,82409,82411,82414,82416,82418],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82408,106],{"class":105},[55,82410,109],{"class":91},[55,82412,82413],{"class":105},"max",[55,82415,109],{"class":91},[55,82417,3427],{"class":95},[55,82419,1273],{"class":91},[55,82421,82422],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,82423,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,82425,82426,82428,82430,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,82427,106],{"class":105},[55,82429,109],{"class":91},[55,82431,82413],{"class":105},[55,82433,109],{"class":91},[55,82435,1835],{"class":1210},[55,82437,2764],{"class":91},[55,82439,6146],{"class":1210},[55,82441,2764],{"class":91},[55,82443,2767],{"class":1210},[55,82445,2764],{"class":91},[55,82447,4388],{"class":1210},[55,82449,1273],{"class":91},[55,82451,82452],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,82453,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,82455,82456,82458,82460,82462,82464,82466,82468,82470,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,82457,3851],{"class":61},[55,82459,66],{"class":65},[55,82461,3400],{"class":91},[55,82463,228],{"class":69},[55,82465,3860],{"class":73},[55,82467,228],{"class":69},[55,82469,2764],{"class":91},[55,82471,70],{"class":69},[55,82473,3869],{"class":73},[55,82475,228],{"class":69},[55,82477,2764],{"class":91},[55,82479,70],{"class":69},[55,82481,78517],{"class":73},[55,82483,228],{"class":69},[55,82485,3413],{"class":91},[55,82487,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496,82498],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,82489,106],{"class":105},[55,82491,109],{"class":91},[55,82493,82413],{"class":105},[55,82495,109],{"class":91},[55,82497,3895],{"class":95},[55,82499,1273],{"class":91},[20,82501,357],{},[46,82503,82505],{"className":48,"code":82504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82506,82507,82511,82515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82508,82509],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82510,2152],{"class":1210},[55,82512,82513],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82514,2152],{"class":1210},[55,82516,82517],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,82518,82519],{"class":61},"pear\n",[20,82521,19735],{},[30,82523,82524,82530,82536],{},[33,82525,82526,82529],{},[15,82527,82528],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82531,82532,82535],{},[15,82533,82534],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82537,82538,82541],{},[15,82539,82540],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[131,82543,134,82545,137],{"id":82544},"what-max-does",[15,82546,82354],{},[20,82548,82549,539],{},[15,82550,82354],{},[30,82552,82553,82556,82559,82562],{},[33,82554,82555],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82557,82558],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82560,82561],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82563,82564],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82566,82567],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82569,82570],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[131,82572,178],{"id":177},[20,82574,82575,82576,539],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82577,82354],{},[46,82579,82581],{"className":48,"code":82580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82582,82583,82593,82617,82639,82662],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82584,82585,82587,82589,82591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82586,82413],{"class":105},[55,82588,109],{"class":91},[55,82590,3498],{"class":95},[55,82592,342],{"class":91},[55,82594,82595,82597,82599,82601,82603,82606,82608,82610,82612,82615],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82596,82413],{"class":105},[55,82598,109],{"class":91},[55,82600,3498],{"class":95},[55,82602,2764],{"class":91},[55,82604,82605],{"class":65}," *",[55,82607,2764],{"class":91},[55,82609,21357],{"class":8955},[55,82611,66],{"class":65},[55,82613,82614],{"class":95},"func",[55,82616,342],{"class":91},[55,82618,82619,82621,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,82620,82413],{"class":105},[55,82622,109],{"class":91},[55,82624,3498],{"class":95},[55,82626,2764],{"class":91},[55,82628,82605],{"class":65},[55,82630,2764],{"class":91},[55,82632,26296],{"class":8955},[55,82634,66],{"class":65},[55,82636,2245],{"class":95},[55,82638,342],{"class":91},[55,82640,82641,82643,82645,82648,82650,82653,82655,82657,82660],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,82642,82413],{"class":105},[55,82644,109],{"class":91},[55,82646,82647],{"class":95},"arg1",[55,82649,2764],{"class":91},[55,82651,82652],{"class":95}," arg2",[55,82654,2764],{"class":91},[55,82656,82605],{"class":65},[55,82658,82659],{"class":95},"args",[55,82661,342],{"class":91},[55,82663,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,82665,82413],{"class":105},[55,82667,109],{"class":91},[55,82669,82647],{"class":95},[55,82671,2764],{"class":91},[55,82673,82652],{"class":95},[55,82675,2764],{"class":91},[55,82677,82605],{"class":65},[55,82679,82659],{"class":95},[55,82681,2764],{"class":91},[55,82683,21357],{"class":8955},[55,82685,66],{"class":65},[55,82687,82614],{"class":95},[55,82689,342],{"class":91},[20,82691,82692],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82694,82695,82700,82705],{},[33,82696,82697,82699],{},[15,82698,3498],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82701,82702,82704],{},[15,82703,14621],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82706,82707,82710],{},[15,82708,82709],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[131,82712,1185,82714,82716],{"id":82713},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82715,82354],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82718,82719],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[46,82721,82723],{"className":48,"code":82722,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82724,82725,82751,82767,82771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82726,82727,82729,82731,82733,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82749],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82728,4847],{"class":61},[55,82730,66],{"class":65},[55,82732,3400],{"class":91},[55,82734,82735],{"class":1210},"72",[55,82737,2764],{"class":91},[55,82739,51280],{"class":1210},[55,82741,2764],{"class":91},[55,82743,13286],{"class":1210},[55,82745,2764],{"class":91},[55,82747,82748],{"class":1210}," 66",[55,82750,3413],{"class":91},[55,82752,82753,82756,82758,82761,82763,82765],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82754,82755],{"class":61},"highest_score ",[55,82757,66],{"class":65},[55,82759,82760],{"class":105}," max",[55,82762,109],{"class":91},[55,82764,16168],{"class":95},[55,82766,342],{"class":91},[55,82768,82769],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,82770,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,82772,82773,82775,82777,82780],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,82774,106],{"class":105},[55,82776,109],{"class":91},[55,82778,82779],{"class":95},"highest_score",[55,82781,342],{"class":91},[20,82783,357],{},[46,82785,82787],{"className":48,"code":82786,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"91\n",[15,82788,82789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82790,82791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82792,82786],{"class":1210},[20,82794,82795],{},"This works well for:",[30,82797,82798,82801,82804,82807],{},[33,82799,82800],{},"Scores",[33,82802,82803],{},"Prices",[33,82805,82806],{},"Ages",[33,82808,82809],{},"Counts",[20,82811,51850],{},[46,82813,82815],{"className":48,"code":82814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82816,82817,82845],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82818,82819,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830,82833,82835,82838,82840,82843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82820,82821],{"class":61},"prices ",[55,82823,66],{"class":65},[55,82825,3400],{"class":91},[55,82827,40171],{"class":1210},[55,82829,2764],{"class":91},[55,82831,82832],{"class":1210}," 5.50",[55,82834,2764],{"class":91},[55,82836,82837],{"class":1210}," 12.75",[55,82839,2764],{"class":91},[55,82841,82842],{"class":1210}," 29.00",[55,82844,3413],{"class":91},[55,82846,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855,82858],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82848,106],{"class":105},[55,82850,109],{"class":91},[55,82852,82413],{"class":105},[55,82854,109],{"class":91},[55,82856,82857],{"class":95},"prices",[55,82859,1273],{"class":91},[20,82861,357],{},[46,82863,82865],{"className":48,"code":82864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"29.0\n",[15,82866,82867],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82868,82869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82870,82864],{"class":1210},[20,82872,82873,82874,82876,82877,92],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82875,82354],{}," is simpler than ",[166,82878,82879],{"href":74294},[15,82880,74197],{},[131,82882,1185,82884,82886],{"id":82883},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82885,82354],{}," with separate values",[20,82888,82889],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[46,82891,82893],{"className":48,"code":82892,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82894,82895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82896,82897,82899,82901,82903,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82898,106],{"class":105},[55,82900,109],{"class":91},[55,82902,82413],{"class":105},[55,82904,109],{"class":91},[55,82906,2277],{"class":1210},[55,82908,2764],{"class":91},[55,82910,30715],{"class":1210},[55,82912,2764],{"class":91},[55,82914,5779],{"class":1210},[55,82916,1273],{"class":91},[20,82918,357],{},[46,82920,82921],{"className":48,"code":1998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,82922,82923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82924,82925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82926,1998],{"class":1210},[20,82928,82929],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82931,82932],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[46,82934,82936],{"className":48,"code":82935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82937,82938,82947,82955,82965,82969,82992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82939,82940,82942,82944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82941,2327],{"class":61},[55,82943,66],{"class":65},[55,82945,82946],{"class":1210}," 15\n",[55,82948,82949,82951,82953],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,82950,2355],{"class":61},[55,82952,66],{"class":65},[55,82954,2542],{"class":1210},[55,82956,82957,82960,82962],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,82958,82959],{"class":61},"c ",[55,82961,66],{"class":65},[55,82963,82964],{"class":1210}," 27\n",[55,82966,82967],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,82968,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,82970,82971,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,82972,82973],{"class":61},"largest ",[55,82975,66],{"class":65},[55,82977,82760],{"class":105},[55,82979,109],{"class":91},[55,82981,166],{"class":95},[55,82983,2764],{"class":91},[55,82985,2332],{"class":95},[55,82987,2764],{"class":91},[55,82989,9462],{"class":95},[55,82991,342],{"class":91},[55,82993,82994,82996,82998,83001],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,82995,106],{"class":105},[55,82997,109],{"class":91},[55,82999,83000],{"class":95},"largest",[55,83002,342],{"class":91},[20,83004,357],{},[46,83006,83007],{"className":48,"code":46382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83008,83009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83010,83011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83012,46382],{"class":1210},[20,83014,83015],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[131,83017,1185,83019,46829],{"id":83018},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83020,82354],{},[20,83022,83023,83025],{},[15,83024,82354],{}," can compare strings too.",[46,83027,83029],{"className":48,"code":83028,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83030,83031,83063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83032,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053,83055,83057,83059,83061],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83034,3851],{"class":61},[55,83036,66],{"class":65},[55,83038,3400],{"class":91},[55,83040,228],{"class":69},[55,83042,3860],{"class":73},[55,83044,228],{"class":69},[55,83046,2764],{"class":91},[55,83048,70],{"class":69},[55,83050,3869],{"class":73},[55,83052,228],{"class":69},[55,83054,2764],{"class":91},[55,83056,70],{"class":69},[55,83058,78517],{"class":73},[55,83060,228],{"class":69},[55,83062,3413],{"class":91},[55,83064,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83066,106],{"class":105},[55,83068,109],{"class":91},[55,83070,82413],{"class":105},[55,83072,109],{"class":91},[55,83074,3895],{"class":95},[55,83076,1273],{"class":91},[20,83078,357],{},[46,83080,83081],{"className":48,"code":82519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83082,83083],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83084,83085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83086,82519],{"class":61},[20,83088,83089],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83091,68056],{},[30,83093,83094,83103,83106],{},[33,83095,83096,83099,83100,83102],{},[15,83097,83098],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83101,65047],{}," alphabetically",[33,83104,83105],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,83107,83108],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83110,214],{},[46,83112,83114],{"className":48,"code":83113,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83115,83116,83149],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83117,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83119,3851],{"class":61},[55,83121,66],{"class":65},[55,83123,3400],{"class":91},[55,83125,228],{"class":69},[55,83127,3860],{"class":73},[55,83129,228],{"class":69},[55,83131,2764],{"class":91},[55,83133,70],{"class":69},[55,83135,83136],{"class":73},"Banana",[55,83138,228],{"class":69},[55,83140,2764],{"class":91},[55,83142,70],{"class":69},[55,83144,78517],{"class":73},[55,83146,228],{"class":69},[55,83148,3413],{"class":91},[55,83150,83151,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83152,106],{"class":105},[55,83154,109],{"class":91},[55,83156,82413],{"class":105},[55,83158,109],{"class":91},[55,83160,3895],{"class":95},[55,83162,1273],{"class":91},[20,83164,83165],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83167,83168,83169,83171],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83170,14621],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[131,83173,36383,83174,36386],{"id":78475},[15,83175,14621],{},[20,83177,1750,83178,83180],{},[15,83179,14621],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83182,83183],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1003,83185,83187],{"id":83186},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[46,83189,83191],{"className":48,"code":83190,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83192,83193,83225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83194,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83196,3851],{"class":61},[55,83198,66],{"class":65},[55,83200,3400],{"class":91},[55,83202,228],{"class":69},[55,83204,36818],{"class":73},[55,83206,228],{"class":69},[55,83208,2764],{"class":91},[55,83210,70],{"class":69},[55,83212,68099],{"class":73},[55,83214,228],{"class":69},[55,83216,2764],{"class":91},[55,83218,70],{"class":69},[55,83220,57899],{"class":73},[55,83222,228],{"class":69},[55,83224,3413],{"class":91},[55,83226,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83228,106],{"class":105},[55,83230,109],{"class":91},[55,83232,82413],{"class":105},[55,83234,109],{"class":91},[55,83236,3895],{"class":95},[55,83238,2764],{"class":91},[55,83240,21357],{"class":8955},[55,83242,66],{"class":65},[55,83244,10942],{"class":105},[55,83246,1273],{"class":91},[20,83248,357],{},[46,83250,83252],{"className":48,"code":83251,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"elephant\n",[15,83253,83254],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83255,83256],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83257,83251],{"class":61},[20,83259,20549,83260,83263],{},[15,83261,83262],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83265,83266,83267,33401,83269,92],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83268,42134],{},[166,83270,83271,5568],{"href":42131},[15,83272,42134],{},[1003,83274,83276],{"id":83275},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[46,83278,83280],{"className":48,"code":83279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83281,83282,83314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83283,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83285,3851],{"class":61},[55,83287,66],{"class":65},[55,83289,3400],{"class":91},[55,83291,228],{"class":69},[55,83293,3860],{"class":73},[55,83295,228],{"class":69},[55,83297,2764],{"class":91},[55,83299,70],{"class":69},[55,83301,83136],{"class":73},[55,83303,228],{"class":69},[55,83305,2764],{"class":91},[55,83307,70],{"class":69},[55,83309,78517],{"class":73},[55,83311,228],{"class":69},[55,83313,3413],{"class":91},[55,83315,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83317,106],{"class":105},[55,83319,109],{"class":91},[55,83321,82413],{"class":105},[55,83323,109],{"class":91},[55,83325,3895],{"class":95},[55,83327,2764],{"class":91},[55,83329,21357],{"class":8955},[55,83331,66],{"class":65},[55,83333,3220],{"class":1265},[55,83335,92],{"class":91},[55,83337,96],{"class":1047},[55,83339,1273],{"class":91},[20,83341,357],{},[46,83343,83344],{"className":48,"code":82519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83345,83346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83347,83348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83349,82519],{"class":61},[20,83351,20549,83352,83354],{},[15,83353,78471],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1003,83356,83358],{"id":83357},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83360,83361,83362,539],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83363,37431],{},[46,83365,83367],{"className":48,"code":83366,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83368,83369,83412],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83370,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83390,83392,83394,83396,83399,83401,83403,83405,83408,83410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83372,7563],{"class":61},[55,83374,66],{"class":65},[55,83376,3400],{"class":91},[55,83378,228],{"class":69},[55,83380,166],{"class":73},[55,83382,228],{"class":69},[55,83384,2764],{"class":91},[55,83386,70],{"class":69},[55,83388,83389],{"class":73},"bb",[55,83391,228],{"class":69},[55,83393,2764],{"class":91},[55,83395,70],{"class":69},[55,83397,83398],{"class":73},"cccc",[55,83400,228],{"class":69},[55,83402,2764],{"class":91},[55,83404,70],{"class":69},[55,83406,83407],{"class":73},"ddd",[55,83409,228],{"class":69},[55,83411,3413],{"class":91},[55,83413,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83415,106],{"class":105},[55,83417,109],{"class":91},[55,83419,82413],{"class":105},[55,83421,109],{"class":91},[55,83423,7594],{"class":95},[55,83425,2764],{"class":91},[55,83427,21357],{"class":8955},[55,83429,66],{"class":65},[55,83431,37431],{"class":1838},[55,83433,88],{"class":37434},[55,83435,539],{"class":91},[55,83437,38158],{"class":105},[55,83439,109],{"class":91},[55,83441,352],{"class":95},[55,83443,2685],{"class":91},[20,83445,357],{},[46,83447,83449],{"className":48,"code":83448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cccc\n",[15,83450,83451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83452,83453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83454,83448],{"class":61},[20,83456,49321,83457,1377,83459,83461],{},[15,83458,83262],{},[15,83460,78358],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[131,83463,36383,83465,36386],{"id":83464},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83466,82709],{},[20,83468,1750,83469,83471],{},[15,83470,82709],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83473,83474],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[46,83476,83478],{"className":48,"code":83477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83479,83480,83488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83481,83482,83484,83486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83483,3395],{"class":61},[55,83485,66],{"class":65},[55,83487,7623],{"class":91},[55,83489,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83491,106],{"class":105},[55,83493,109],{"class":91},[55,83495,82413],{"class":105},[55,83497,109],{"class":91},[55,83499,3427],{"class":95},[55,83501,2764],{"class":91},[55,83503,26296],{"class":8955},[55,83505,66],{"class":65},[55,83507,1894],{"class":1210},[55,83509,1273],{"class":91},[20,83511,357],{},[46,83513,83514],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,83515,83516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83517,83518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83519,47022],{"class":1210},[20,83521,83522],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83524,83525,83526,83528],{},"Without ",[15,83527,82709],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83530,51850],{},[46,83532,83534],{"className":48,"code":83533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83535,83536,83544,83571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83537,83538,83540,83542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83539,3851],{"class":61},[55,83541,66],{"class":65},[55,83543,7623],{"class":91},[55,83545,83546,83548,83550,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83567,83569],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83547,83],{"class":61},[55,83549,66],{"class":65},[55,83551,82760],{"class":105},[55,83553,109],{"class":91},[55,83555,3895],{"class":95},[55,83557,2764],{"class":91},[55,83559,26296],{"class":8955},[55,83561,66],{"class":65},[55,83563,228],{"class":69},[55,83565,83566],{"class":73},"no words found",[55,83568,228],{"class":69},[55,83570,342],{"class":91},[55,83572,83573,83575,83577,83579],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,83574,106],{"class":105},[55,83576,109],{"class":91},[55,83578,112],{"class":95},[55,83580,342],{"class":91},[20,83582,357],{},[46,83584,83586],{"className":48,"code":83585,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"no words found\n",[15,83587,83588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83589,83590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83591,83585],{"class":61},[20,83593,125],{},[30,83595,83596,83604],{},[33,83597,83598,83600,83601],{},[15,83599,82709],{}," works with ",[15,83602,83603],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83605,40679,83606,83608,83609],{},[123,83607,902],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83610,83611],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[131,83613,47757],{"id":47756},[20,83615,83616,83617,92],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83618,82354],{},[1003,83620,83622,83624],{"id":83621},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83623,40477],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83626,83627,83628,45678,83630,92],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83629,82709],{},[15,83631,40477],{},[46,83633,83635],{"className":48,"code":83634,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83636,83637,83645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83638,83639,83641,83643],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83640,3395],{"class":61},[55,83642,66],{"class":65},[55,83644,7623],{"class":91},[55,83646,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83648,106],{"class":105},[55,83650,109],{"class":91},[55,83652,82413],{"class":105},[55,83654,109],{"class":91},[55,83656,3427],{"class":95},[55,83658,1273],{"class":91},[20,83660,29452],{},[46,83662,83664],{"className":48,"code":83663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83665,83666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83667,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83679,83681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83669,40477],{"class":1265},[55,83671,539],{"class":91},[55,83673,82760],{"class":105},[55,83675,498],{"class":91},[55,83677,83678],{"class":61}," arg ",[55,83680,11974],{"class":65},[55,83682,83683],{"class":61}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83685,83686,83687,539],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83688,82709],{},[46,83690,83692],{"className":48,"code":83691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83693,83694,83702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83695,83696,83698,83700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83697,3395],{"class":61},[55,83699,66],{"class":65},[55,83701,7623],{"class":91},[55,83703,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83705,106],{"class":105},[55,83707,109],{"class":91},[55,83709,82413],{"class":105},[55,83711,109],{"class":91},[55,83713,3427],{"class":95},[55,83715,2764],{"class":91},[55,83717,26296],{"class":8955},[55,83719,66],{"class":65},[55,83721,3556],{"class":3631},[55,83723,1273],{"class":91},[20,83725,83726,83727,92],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[166,83728,65612],{"href":72651},[1003,83730,83732,83734],{"id":83731},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83733,2780],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83736,83737,83738,92],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83739,2780],{},[46,83741,83743],{"className":48,"code":83742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83744,83745,83769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83746,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83748,7563],{"class":61},[55,83750,66],{"class":65},[55,83752,3400],{"class":91},[55,83754,2101],{"class":1210},[55,83756,2764],{"class":91},[55,83758,70],{"class":69},[55,83760,15533],{"class":73},[55,83762,228],{"class":69},[55,83764,2764],{"class":91},[55,83766,7579],{"class":1210},[55,83768,3413],{"class":91},[55,83770,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83772,106],{"class":105},[55,83774,109],{"class":91},[55,83776,82413],{"class":105},[55,83778,109],{"class":91},[55,83780,7594],{"class":95},[55,83782,1273],{"class":91},[20,83784,83785],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83787,83788],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[46,83790,83792],{"className":48,"code":83791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83793,83794,83814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83795,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83797,7563],{"class":61},[55,83799,66],{"class":65},[55,83801,3400],{"class":91},[55,83803,2101],{"class":1210},[55,83805,2764],{"class":91},[55,83807,7574],{"class":1210},[55,83809,2764],{"class":91},[55,83811,7579],{"class":1210},[55,83813,3413],{"class":91},[55,83815,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83817,106],{"class":105},[55,83819,109],{"class":91},[55,83821,82413],{"class":105},[55,83823,109],{"class":91},[55,83825,7594],{"class":95},[55,83827,1273],{"class":91},[20,83829,83830,83831,92],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[166,83832,83834],{"href":83833},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1003,83836,83838,83840],{"id":83837},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83839,2780],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83842,83843,83845],{},[15,83844,82354],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[46,83847,83849],{"className":48,"code":83848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(max())\n",[15,83850,83851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83852,83853,83855,83857,83859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83854,106],{"class":105},[55,83856,109],{"class":91},[55,83858,82413],{"class":105},[55,83860,1087],{"class":91},[20,83862,2777,83863,92],{},[15,83864,2780],{},[131,83866,83868,1477,83870],{"id":83867},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83869,82354],{},[15,83871,74197],{},[20,83873,83874],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83876,83877,539],{},[15,83878,82354],{},[30,83880,83881],{},[33,83882,83883],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83885,83886,539],{},[15,83887,74197],{},[30,83889,83890],{},[33,83891,83892],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83894,214],{},[46,83896,83898],{"className":48,"code":83897,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83899,83900,83924,83928,83942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83901,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83903,3395],{"class":61},[55,83905,66],{"class":65},[55,83907,3400],{"class":91},[55,83909,1835],{"class":1210},[55,83911,2764],{"class":91},[55,83913,6146],{"class":1210},[55,83915,2764],{"class":91},[55,83917,2767],{"class":1210},[55,83919,2764],{"class":91},[55,83921,4388],{"class":1210},[55,83923,3413],{"class":91},[55,83925,83926],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83927,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,83929,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,83931,106],{"class":105},[55,83933,109],{"class":91},[55,83935,82413],{"class":105},[55,83937,109],{"class":91},[55,83939,3427],{"class":95},[55,83941,1273],{"class":91},[55,83943,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,83945,106],{"class":105},[55,83947,109],{"class":91},[55,83949,74287],{"class":105},[55,83951,109],{"class":91},[55,83953,3427],{"class":95},[55,83955,1273],{"class":91},[20,83957,357],{},[46,83959,83961],{"className":48,"code":83960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83962,83963,83967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83964,83965],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83966,2152],{"class":1210},[55,83968,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,83970,3680],{"class":91},[55,83972,1829],{"class":1210},[55,83974,2764],{"class":91},[55,83976,2223],{"class":1210},[55,83978,2764],{"class":91},[55,83980,4388],{"class":1210},[55,83982,2764],{"class":91},[55,83984,6146],{"class":1210},[55,83986,3413],{"class":91},[20,83988,1866,83989,83991],{},[15,83990,82354],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83993,1866,83994,83998],{},[166,83995,83996],{"href":74294},[15,83997,74197],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84000,84001,84002,92],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[166,84003,84005],{"href":84004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84006,84007],{},"min()",[131,84009,1001],{"id":1000},[20,84011,84012],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,84014,84015,84022,84025,84030,84033],{},[33,84016,29421,84017,84019,84020],{},[15,84018,82354],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84021,82709],{},[33,84023,84024],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,84026,8235,84027,84029],{},[15,84028,82354],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,84031,84032],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,84034,1185,84035,84037],{},[15,84036,82709],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84039,10893],{},[46,84041,84043],{"className":48,"code":84042,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84044,84045,84055,84069,84083,84097,84119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84046,84047,84049,84051,84053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84048,106],{"class":105},[55,84050,109],{"class":91},[55,84052,7594],{"class":95},[55,84054,342],{"class":91},[55,84056,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84058,106],{"class":105},[55,84060,109],{"class":91},[55,84062,1266],{"class":1265},[55,84064,109],{"class":91},[55,84066,7594],{"class":95},[55,84068,1273],{"class":91},[55,84070,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,84072,106],{"class":105},[55,84074,109],{"class":91},[55,84076,10942],{"class":105},[55,84078,109],{"class":91},[55,84080,7594],{"class":95},[55,84082,1273],{"class":91},[55,84084,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,84086,106],{"class":105},[55,84088,109],{"class":91},[55,84090,82413],{"class":105},[55,84092,109],{"class":91},[55,84094,7594],{"class":95},[55,84096,1273],{"class":91},[55,84098,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,84100,106],{"class":105},[55,84102,109],{"class":91},[55,84104,82413],{"class":105},[55,84106,109],{"class":91},[55,84108,7594],{"class":95},[55,84110,2764],{"class":91},[55,84112,26296],{"class":8955},[55,84114,66],{"class":65},[55,84116,3556],{"class":3631},[55,84118,1273],{"class":91},[55,84120,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,84122,106],{"class":105},[55,84124,2758],{"class":91},[55,84126,1266],{"class":1265},[55,84128,109],{"class":91},[55,84130,1947],{"class":95},[55,84132,115],{"class":91},[55,84134,3656],{"class":487},[55,84136,3659],{"class":95},[55,84138,3662],{"class":487},[55,84140,5751],{"class":95},[55,84142,3668],{"class":91},[20,84144,84145],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84147,84148,84153,84158,84161],{},[33,84149,84150,84151],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84152,7594],{},[33,84154,79524,84155,84157],{},[15,84156,7594],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84159,84160],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84162,84163],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84165,69120,84166,84169,84170,84172],{},[15,84167,84168],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84171,7594],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[131,84174,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,84176,1603,84178,4928],{"id":84177},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84179,82354],{},[20,84181,84182],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1003,84184,4953,84186,84188],{"id":84185},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84187,82354],{}," work with strings?",[20,84190,84191],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1003,84193,71419],{"id":71418},[20,84195,84196,52265,84198,84200,84201,84203],{},[15,84197,82354],{},[15,84199,40477],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84202,82709],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1003,84205,84207,84208,1631],{"id":84206},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84209,82354],{},[20,84211,1866,84212,539],{},[15,84213,83262],{},[46,84215,84216],{"className":48,"code":83190,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,84217,84218,84250],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84219,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84221,3851],{"class":61},[55,84223,66],{"class":65},[55,84225,3400],{"class":91},[55,84227,228],{"class":69},[55,84229,36818],{"class":73},[55,84231,228],{"class":69},[55,84233,2764],{"class":91},[55,84235,70],{"class":69},[55,84237,68099],{"class":73},[55,84239,228],{"class":69},[55,84241,2764],{"class":91},[55,84243,70],{"class":69},[55,84245,57899],{"class":73},[55,84247,228],{"class":69},[55,84249,3413],{"class":91},[55,84251,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84253,106],{"class":105},[55,84255,109],{"class":91},[55,84257,82413],{"class":105},[55,84259,109],{"class":91},[55,84261,3895],{"class":95},[55,84263,2764],{"class":91},[55,84265,21357],{"class":8955},[55,84267,66],{"class":65},[55,84269,10942],{"class":105},[55,84271,1273],{"class":91},[1003,84273,1626,84275,1377,84277,1631],{"id":84274},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84276,82354],{},[15,84278,74197],{},[20,84280,84281,84283,84284,84286],{},[15,84282,82354],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84285,74197],{}," returns all items in order.",[131,84288,1643],{"id":1642},[30,84290,84291,84297,84303,84309,84313,84317],{},[33,84292,84293],{},[166,84294,84295,1689],{"href":84004},[15,84296,84007],{},[33,84298,84299],{},[166,84300,84301,1689],{"href":74294},[15,84302,74197],{},[33,84304,84305],{},[166,84306,84307,1689],{"href":42131},[15,84308,42134],{},[33,84310,84311],{},[166,84312,58728],{"href":58727},[33,84314,84315],{},[166,84316,65612],{"href":72651},[33,84318,84319],{},[166,84320,83834],{"href":83833},[1696,84322,84323],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":84325},[84326,84327,84329,84330,84332,84334,84336,84341,84343,84351,84353,84354,84365],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":82544,"depth":80,"text":84328},"What max() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":82713,"depth":80,"text":84331},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82883,"depth":80,"text":84333},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83018,"depth":80,"text":84335},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78475,"depth":80,"text":79673,"children":84337},[84338,84339,84340],{"id":83186,"depth":102,"text":83187},{"id":83275,"depth":102,"text":83276},{"id":83357,"depth":102,"text":83358},{"id":83464,"depth":80,"text":84342},"Using the default argument",{"id":47756,"depth":80,"text":47757,"children":84344},[84345,84347,84349],{"id":83621,"depth":102,"text":84346},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83731,"depth":102,"text":84348},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83837,"depth":102,"text":84350},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83867,"depth":80,"text":84352},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":84355},[84356,84358,84360,84361,84363],{"id":84177,"depth":102,"text":84357},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84185,"depth":102,"text":84359},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71418,"depth":102,"text":71419},{"id":84206,"depth":102,"text":84362},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84274,"depth":102,"text":84364},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82346,"description":84366},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84373,"title":84374,"body":84375,"description":86329,"extension":1733,"meta":86330,"navigation":248,"path":86331,"seo":86332,"stem":86333,"__hash__":86334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84376,"toc":86286},[84377,84382,84387,84393,84395,84469,84471,84484,84489,84494,84510,84514,84519,84595,84601,84604,84647,84649,84657,84663,84666,84697,84699,84707,84713,84718,84777,84779,84788,84791,84801,84807,84812,84847,84849,84857,84863,84869,84874,84918,84920,84929,84932,84972,84974,84983,84986,84998,85003,85008,85059,85061,85070,85073,85124,85126,85135,85138,85145,85151,85156,85158,85173,85177,85237,85239,85248,85252,85424,85426,85463,85470,85476,85479,85506,85508,85529,85534,85569,85571,85579,85582,85585,85601,85606,85608,85612,85618,85622,85649,85652,85662,85702,85706,85709,85752,85754,85763,85766,85771,85840,85842,85850,85855,85859,85862,85913,85915,85923,85926,85989,85991,85999,86002,86007,86011,86024,86031,86039,86041,86043,86073,86079,86180,86190,86192,86197,86200,86205,86208,86210,86218,86226,86234,86241,86249,86251,86283],[10,84378,1686,84380,3355],{"id":84379},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84381,84007],{},[20,84383,84384,84386],{},[15,84385,84007],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84388,84389,84390,84392],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84391,84007],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[131,84394,1775],{"id":1774},[46,84396,84398],{"className":48,"code":84397,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84399,84400,84424,84439,84443],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84401,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84403,3395],{"class":61},[55,84405,66],{"class":65},[55,84407,3400],{"class":91},[55,84409,1911],{"class":1210},[55,84411,2764],{"class":91},[55,84413,2767],{"class":1210},[55,84415,2764],{"class":91},[55,84417,53907],{"class":1210},[55,84419,2764],{"class":91},[55,84421,5282],{"class":1210},[55,84423,3413],{"class":91},[55,84425,84426,84428,84430,84433,84435,84437],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84427,106],{"class":105},[55,84429,109],{"class":91},[55,84431,84432],{"class":105},"min",[55,84434,109],{"class":91},[55,84436,3427],{"class":95},[55,84438,1273],{"class":91},[55,84440,84441],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,84442,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,84444,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,84446,106],{"class":105},[55,84448,109],{"class":91},[55,84450,84432],{"class":105},[55,84452,109],{"class":91},[55,84454,1911],{"class":1210},[55,84456,2764],{"class":91},[55,84458,2767],{"class":1210},[55,84460,2764],{"class":91},[55,84462,53907],{"class":1210},[55,84464,2764],{"class":91},[55,84466,5282],{"class":1210},[55,84468,1273],{"class":91},[20,84470,357],{},[46,84472,84474],{"className":48,"code":84473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n1\n",[15,84475,84476,84480],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84477,84478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84479,46687],{"class":1210},[55,84481,84482],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84483,46687],{"class":1210},[20,84485,1866,84486,84488],{},[15,84487,84007],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[131,84490,134,84492,137],{"id":84491},"what-min-does",[15,84493,84007],{},[30,84495,84496,84501,84504,84507],{},[33,84497,84498,84500],{},[15,84499,84007],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84502,84503],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84505,84506],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84508,84509],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[131,84511,84513],{"id":84512},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84515,84516,84517,539],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84518,84007],{},[46,84520,84522],{"className":48,"code":84521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84523,84524,84534,84559,84577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84525,84526,84528,84530,84532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84527,84432],{"class":105},[55,84529,109],{"class":91},[55,84531,3498],{"class":95},[55,84533,342],{"class":91},[55,84535,84536,84538,84540,84543,84545,84548,84550,84553,84555,84557],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84537,84432],{"class":105},[55,84539,109],{"class":91},[55,84541,84542],{"class":95},"value1",[55,84544,2764],{"class":91},[55,84546,84547],{"class":95}," value2",[55,84549,2764],{"class":91},[55,84551,84552],{"class":95}," value3",[55,84554,2764],{"class":91},[55,84556,34226],{"class":105},[55,84558,342],{"class":91},[55,84560,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,84562,84432],{"class":105},[55,84564,109],{"class":91},[55,84566,3498],{"class":95},[55,84568,2764],{"class":91},[55,84570,21357],{"class":8955},[55,84572,66],{"class":65},[55,84574,37142],{"class":105},[55,84576,342],{"class":91},[55,84578,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,84580,84432],{"class":105},[55,84582,109],{"class":91},[55,84584,3498],{"class":95},[55,84586,2764],{"class":91},[55,84588,26296],{"class":8955},[55,84590,66],{"class":65},[55,84592,37142],{"class":105},[55,84594,342],{"class":91},[1003,84596,84598],{"id":84597},"miniterable",[15,84599,84600],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84602,84603],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[46,84605,84607],{"className":48,"code":84606,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84608,84609,84633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84610,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84612,3395],{"class":61},[55,84614,66],{"class":65},[55,84616,3400],{"class":91},[55,84618,2116],{"class":1210},[55,84620,2764],{"class":91},[55,84622,2223],{"class":1210},[55,84624,2764],{"class":91},[55,84626,30715],{"class":1210},[55,84628,2764],{"class":91},[55,84630,5282],{"class":1210},[55,84632,3413],{"class":91},[55,84634,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84636,106],{"class":105},[55,84638,109],{"class":91},[55,84640,84432],{"class":105},[55,84642,109],{"class":91},[55,84644,3427],{"class":95},[55,84646,1273],{"class":91},[20,84648,357],{},[46,84650,84651],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,84652,84653],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84654,84655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84656,46687],{"class":1210},[1003,84658,84660],{"id":84659},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84661,84662],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84664,84665],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[46,84667,84669],{"className":48,"code":84668,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84670,84671],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84672,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84674,106],{"class":105},[55,84676,109],{"class":91},[55,84678,84432],{"class":105},[55,84680,109],{"class":91},[55,84682,2116],{"class":1210},[55,84684,2764],{"class":91},[55,84686,2223],{"class":1210},[55,84688,2764],{"class":91},[55,84690,30715],{"class":1210},[55,84692,2764],{"class":91},[55,84694,5282],{"class":1210},[55,84696,1273],{"class":91},[20,84698,357],{},[46,84700,84701],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,84702,84703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84704,84705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84706,46687],{"class":1210},[1003,84708,84710],{"id":84709},"miniterable-key",[15,84711,84712],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84714,1866,84715,84717],{},[15,84716,14621],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[46,84719,84721],{"className":48,"code":84720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84722,84723,84755],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84724,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749,84751,84753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84726,3851],{"class":61},[55,84728,66],{"class":65},[55,84730,3400],{"class":91},[55,84732,228],{"class":69},[55,84734,78517],{"class":73},[55,84736,228],{"class":69},[55,84738,2764],{"class":91},[55,84740,70],{"class":69},[55,84742,38113],{"class":73},[55,84744,228],{"class":69},[55,84746,2764],{"class":91},[55,84748,70],{"class":69},[55,84750,3869],{"class":73},[55,84752,228],{"class":69},[55,84754,3413],{"class":91},[55,84756,84757,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767,84769,84771,84773,84775],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84758,106],{"class":105},[55,84760,109],{"class":91},[55,84762,84432],{"class":105},[55,84764,109],{"class":91},[55,84766,3895],{"class":95},[55,84768,2764],{"class":91},[55,84770,21357],{"class":8955},[55,84772,66],{"class":65},[55,84774,10942],{"class":105},[55,84776,1273],{"class":91},[20,84778,357],{},[46,84780,84782],{"className":48,"code":84781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"kiwi\n",[15,84783,84784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84785,84786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84787,84781],{"class":61},[20,84789,84790],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84792,84793,84794,84796,84797,92],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84795,42134],{},", see the ",[166,84798,84799,1689],{"href":42131},[15,84800,42134],{},[1003,84802,84804],{"id":84803},"miniterable-default",[15,84805,84806],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84808,1866,84809,84811],{},[15,84810,82709],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[46,84813,84815],{"className":48,"code":84814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84816,84817,84825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84818,84819,84821,84823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84820,3395],{"class":61},[55,84822,66],{"class":65},[55,84824,7623],{"class":91},[55,84826,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84828,106],{"class":105},[55,84830,109],{"class":91},[55,84832,84432],{"class":105},[55,84834,109],{"class":91},[55,84836,3427],{"class":95},[55,84838,2764],{"class":91},[55,84840,26296],{"class":8955},[55,84842,66],{"class":65},[55,84844,1894],{"class":1210},[55,84846,1273],{"class":91},[20,84848,357],{},[46,84850,84851],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,84852,84853],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84854,84855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84856,47022],{"class":1210},[20,84858,84859,84860,84862],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84861,40477],{}," when there is no item to return.",[131,84864,1185,84866,84868],{"id":84865},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84867,84007],{}," with numbers",[20,84870,84871,84873],{},[15,84872,84007],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[46,84875,84877],{"className":48,"code":84876,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84878,84879,84904],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84880,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84882,4847],{"class":61},[55,84884,66],{"class":65},[55,84886,3400],{"class":91},[55,84888,51275],{"class":1210},[55,84890,2764],{"class":91},[55,84892,84893],{"class":1210}," 72",[55,84895,2764],{"class":91},[55,84897,28678],{"class":1210},[55,84899,2764],{"class":91},[55,84901,75873],{"class":1210},[55,84903,3413],{"class":91},[55,84905,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84907,106],{"class":105},[55,84909,109],{"class":91},[55,84911,84432],{"class":105},[55,84913,109],{"class":91},[55,84915,16168],{"class":95},[55,84917,1273],{"class":91},[20,84919,357],{},[46,84921,84923],{"className":48,"code":84922,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"60\n",[15,84924,84925],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84926,84927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84928,84922],{"class":1210},[20,84930,84931],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[46,84933,84935],{"className":48,"code":84934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84936,84937,84958],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84938,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84952,84954,84956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84940,82821],{"class":61},[55,84942,66],{"class":65},[55,84944,3400],{"class":91},[55,84946,40171],{"class":1210},[55,84948,2764],{"class":91},[55,84950,84951],{"class":1210}," 5.49",[55,84953,2764],{"class":91},[55,84955,82837],{"class":1210},[55,84957,3413],{"class":91},[55,84959,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,84961,106],{"class":105},[55,84963,109],{"class":91},[55,84965,84432],{"class":105},[55,84967,109],{"class":91},[55,84969,82857],{"class":95},[55,84971,1273],{"class":91},[20,84973,357],{},[46,84975,84977],{"className":48,"code":84976,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.49\n",[15,84978,84979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84980,84981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84982,84976],{"class":1210},[20,84984,84985],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,84987,84988,84990,84992,84995],{},[33,84989,16168],{},[33,84991,82857],{},[33,84993,84994],{},"measurements",[33,84996,84997],{},"ages",[131,84999,1185,85001,46829],{"id":85000},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85002,84007],{},[20,85004,85005,85007],{},[15,85006,84007],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[46,85009,85011],{"className":48,"code":85010,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85012,85013,85045],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85014,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85016,3851],{"class":61},[55,85018,66],{"class":65},[55,85020,3400],{"class":91},[55,85022,228],{"class":69},[55,85024,3869],{"class":73},[55,85026,228],{"class":69},[55,85028,2764],{"class":91},[55,85030,70],{"class":69},[55,85032,3860],{"class":73},[55,85034,228],{"class":69},[55,85036,2764],{"class":91},[55,85038,70],{"class":69},[55,85040,3878],{"class":73},[55,85042,228],{"class":69},[55,85044,3413],{"class":91},[55,85046,85047,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85048,106],{"class":105},[55,85050,109],{"class":91},[55,85052,84432],{"class":105},[55,85054,109],{"class":91},[55,85056,3895],{"class":95},[55,85058,1273],{"class":91},[20,85060,357],{},[46,85062,85064],{"className":48,"code":85063,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apple\n",[15,85065,85066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85067,85068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85069,85063],{"class":61},[20,85071,85072],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[46,85074,85076],{"className":48,"code":85075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85077,85078,85110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85079,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85081,3851],{"class":61},[55,85083,66],{"class":65},[55,85085,3400],{"class":91},[55,85087,228],{"class":69},[55,85089,3869],{"class":73},[55,85091,228],{"class":69},[55,85093,2764],{"class":91},[55,85095,70],{"class":69},[55,85097,57540],{"class":73},[55,85099,228],{"class":69},[55,85101,2764],{"class":91},[55,85103,70],{"class":69},[55,85105,3878],{"class":73},[55,85107,228],{"class":69},[55,85109,3413],{"class":91},[55,85111,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85113,106],{"class":105},[55,85115,109],{"class":91},[55,85117,84432],{"class":105},[55,85119,109],{"class":91},[55,85121,3895],{"class":95},[55,85123,1273],{"class":91},[20,85125,357],{},[46,85127,85129],{"className":48,"code":85128,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Apple\n",[15,85130,85131],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85132,85133],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85134,85128],{"class":61},[20,85136,85137],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85139,85140,85141,92],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[166,85142,85143,5568],{"href":74294},[15,85144,74197],{},[131,85146,1185,85148,85150],{"id":85147},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85149,84007],{}," with a key function",[20,85152,1750,85153,85155],{},[15,85154,14621],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85157,11239],{},[30,85159,85160,85165,85170],{},[33,85161,85162,85164],{},[15,85163,14621],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85166,85167,85169],{},[15,85168,84007],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85171,85172],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1003,85174,85176],{"id":85175},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[46,85178,85180],{"className":48,"code":85179,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85181,85182,85215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85183,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85211,85213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85185,3851],{"class":61},[55,85187,66],{"class":65},[55,85189,3400],{"class":91},[55,85191,228],{"class":69},[55,85193,68099],{"class":73},[55,85195,228],{"class":69},[55,85197,2764],{"class":91},[55,85199,70],{"class":69},[55,85201,36818],{"class":73},[55,85203,228],{"class":69},[55,85205,2764],{"class":91},[55,85207,70],{"class":69},[55,85209,85210],{"class":73},"giraffe",[55,85212,228],{"class":69},[55,85214,3413],{"class":91},[55,85216,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85218,106],{"class":105},[55,85220,109],{"class":91},[55,85222,84432],{"class":105},[55,85224,109],{"class":91},[55,85226,3895],{"class":95},[55,85228,2764],{"class":91},[55,85230,21357],{"class":8955},[55,85232,66],{"class":65},[55,85234,10942],{"class":105},[55,85236,1273],{"class":91},[20,85238,357],{},[46,85240,85242],{"className":48,"code":85241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cat\n",[15,85243,85244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85245,85246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85247,85241],{"class":61},[1003,85249,85251],{"id":85250},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[46,85253,85255],{"className":48,"code":85254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85256,85257,85267,85302,85334,85366,85370,85374,85413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85258,85259,85262,85264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85260,85261],{"class":61},"students ",[55,85263,66],{"class":65},[55,85265,85266],{"class":91}," [\n",[55,85268,85269,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85293,85295,85297,85299],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85270,85271],{"class":91},"    {",[55,85273,228],{"class":69},[55,85275,273],{"class":73},[55,85277,228],{"class":69},[55,85279,539],{"class":91},[55,85281,70],{"class":69},[55,85283,12660],{"class":73},[55,85285,228],{"class":69},[55,85287,2764],{"class":91},[55,85289,70],{"class":69},[55,85291,85292],{"class":73},"score",[55,85294,228],{"class":69},[55,85296,539],{"class":91},[55,85298,13286],{"class":1210},[55,85300,85301],{"class":91},"},\n",[55,85303,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,85305,85271],{"class":91},[55,85307,228],{"class":69},[55,85309,273],{"class":73},[55,85311,228],{"class":69},[55,85313,539],{"class":91},[55,85315,70],{"class":69},[55,85317,35711],{"class":73},[55,85319,228],{"class":69},[55,85321,2764],{"class":91},[55,85323,70],{"class":69},[55,85325,85292],{"class":73},[55,85327,228],{"class":69},[55,85329,539],{"class":91},[55,85331,84893],{"class":1210},[55,85333,85301],{"class":91},[55,85335,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,85337,85271],{"class":91},[55,85339,228],{"class":69},[55,85341,273],{"class":73},[55,85343,228],{"class":69},[55,85345,539],{"class":91},[55,85347,70],{"class":69},[55,85349,35720],{"class":73},[55,85351,228],{"class":69},[55,85353,2764],{"class":91},[55,85355,70],{"class":69},[55,85357,85292],{"class":73},[55,85359,228],{"class":69},[55,85361,539],{"class":91},[55,85363,19676],{"class":1210},[55,85365,9089],{"class":91},[55,85367,85368],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,85369,3413],{"class":91},[55,85371,85372],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,85373,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,85375,85376,85379,85381,85384,85386,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,85377,85378],{"class":61},"lowest ",[55,85380,66],{"class":65},[55,85382,85383],{"class":105}," min",[55,85385,109],{"class":91},[55,85387,85388],{"class":95},"students",[55,85390,2764],{"class":91},[55,85392,21357],{"class":8955},[55,85394,66],{"class":65},[55,85396,37431],{"class":1838},[55,85398,12686],{"class":37434},[55,85400,539],{"class":91},[55,85402,12686],{"class":95},[55,85404,3680],{"class":91},[55,85406,228],{"class":69},[55,85408,85292],{"class":73},[55,85410,228],{"class":69},[55,85412,3668],{"class":91},[55,85414,85415,85417,85419,85422],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,85416,106],{"class":105},[55,85418,109],{"class":91},[55,85420,85421],{"class":95},"lowest",[55,85423,342],{"class":91},[20,85425,357],{},[46,85427,85429],{"className":48,"code":85428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85430,85431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85432,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85434,9058],{"class":91},[55,85436,3077],{"class":69},[55,85438,273],{"class":73},[55,85440,3077],{"class":69},[55,85442,539],{"class":91},[55,85444,3072],{"class":69},[55,85446,35711],{"class":73},[55,85448,3077],{"class":69},[55,85450,2764],{"class":91},[55,85452,3072],{"class":69},[55,85454,85292],{"class":73},[55,85456,3077],{"class":69},[55,85458,539],{"class":91},[55,85460,84893],{"class":1210},[55,85462,9089],{"class":91},[20,85464,85465,85466,85469],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85467,85468],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[131,85471,1185,85473,85475],{"id":85472},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85474,82709],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85477,85478],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[46,85480,85482],{"className":48,"code":85481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85483,85484,85492],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85485,85486,85488,85490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85487,3395],{"class":61},[55,85489,66],{"class":65},[55,85491,7623],{"class":91},[55,85493,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85495,106],{"class":105},[55,85497,109],{"class":91},[55,85499,84432],{"class":105},[55,85501,109],{"class":91},[55,85503,3427],{"class":95},[55,85505,1273],{"class":91},[20,85507,357],{},[46,85509,85511],{"className":48,"code":85510,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85512,85513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85514,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85516,40477],{"class":1265},[55,85518,539],{"class":91},[55,85520,85383],{"class":105},[55,85522,498],{"class":91},[55,85524,83678],{"class":61},[55,85526,11974],{"class":65},[55,85528,83683],{"class":61},[20,85530,85531,85532,539],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85533,82709],{},[46,85535,85537],{"className":48,"code":85536,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85538,85539,85547],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85540,85541,85543,85545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85542,3395],{"class":61},[55,85544,66],{"class":65},[55,85546,7623],{"class":91},[55,85548,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85550,106],{"class":105},[55,85552,109],{"class":91},[55,85554,84432],{"class":105},[55,85556,109],{"class":91},[55,85558,3427],{"class":95},[55,85560,2764],{"class":91},[55,85562,26296],{"class":8955},[55,85564,66],{"class":65},[55,85566,3556],{"class":3631},[55,85568,1273],{"class":91},[20,85570,357],{},[46,85572,85573],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,85574,85575],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85576,85577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85578,11588],{"class":3631},[20,85580,85581],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85583,85584],{},"Remember:",[30,85586,85587,85595],{},[33,85588,85589,85591,85592,85594],{},[15,85590,82709],{}," works only when ",[15,85593,84007],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85596,85597,85598],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85599,85600],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85602,85603,85604,92],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[166,85605,65612],{"href":72651},[131,85607,10525],{"id":10524},[20,85609,56547,85610,92],{},[15,85611,84007],{},[1003,85613,85615,85616],{"id":85614},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85617,82709],{},[20,85619,2777,85620,539],{},[15,85621,40477],{},[46,85623,85625],{"className":48,"code":85624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85626,85627,85635],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85628,85629,85631,85633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85630,7563],{"class":61},[55,85632,66],{"class":65},[55,85634,7623],{"class":91},[55,85636,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85638,106],{"class":105},[55,85640,109],{"class":91},[55,85642,84432],{"class":105},[55,85644,109],{"class":91},[55,85646,7594],{"class":95},[55,85648,1273],{"class":91},[20,85650,85651],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85653,85654,85657],{},[33,85655,85656],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85658,85659,85660],{},"or using ",[15,85661,82709],{},[46,85663,85665],{"className":48,"code":85664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85666,85667,85675],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85668,85669,85671,85673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85670,7563],{"class":61},[55,85672,66],{"class":65},[55,85674,7623],{"class":91},[55,85676,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85698,85700],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85678,106],{"class":105},[55,85680,109],{"class":91},[55,85682,84432],{"class":105},[55,85684,109],{"class":91},[55,85686,7594],{"class":95},[55,85688,2764],{"class":91},[55,85690,26296],{"class":8955},[55,85692,66],{"class":65},[55,85694,228],{"class":69},[55,85696,85697],{"class":73},"no items",[55,85699,228],{"class":69},[55,85701,1273],{"class":91},[1003,85703,85705],{"id":85704},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85707,85708],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[46,85710,85712],{"className":48,"code":85711,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85713,85714,85738],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85715,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85717,8945],{"class":61},[55,85719,66],{"class":65},[55,85721,3400],{"class":91},[55,85723,2101],{"class":1210},[55,85725,2764],{"class":91},[55,85727,70],{"class":69},[55,85729,15533],{"class":73},[55,85731,228],{"class":69},[55,85733,2764],{"class":91},[55,85735,4388],{"class":1210},[55,85737,3413],{"class":91},[55,85739,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85741,106],{"class":105},[55,85743,109],{"class":91},[55,85745,84432],{"class":105},[55,85747,109],{"class":91},[55,85749,8984],{"class":95},[55,85751,1273],{"class":91},[20,85753,357],{},[46,85755,85757],{"className":48,"code":85756,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError\n",[15,85758,85759],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85760,85761],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85762,85756],{"class":1265},[20,85764,85765],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85767,85768,85769,92],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85770,84007],{},[46,85772,85774],{"className":48,"code":85773,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85775,85776,85800,85826],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85777,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85779,8945],{"class":61},[55,85781,66],{"class":65},[55,85783,3400],{"class":91},[55,85785,2101],{"class":1210},[55,85787,2764],{"class":91},[55,85789,70],{"class":69},[55,85791,15533],{"class":73},[55,85793,228],{"class":69},[55,85795,2764],{"class":91},[55,85797,4388],{"class":1210},[55,85799,3413],{"class":91},[55,85801,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85803,3395],{"class":61},[55,85805,66],{"class":65},[55,85807,3400],{"class":91},[55,85809,1962],{"class":1265},[55,85811,109],{"class":91},[55,85813,1947],{"class":95},[55,85815,115],{"class":91},[55,85817,3656],{"class":487},[55,85819,3659],{"class":61},[55,85821,3662],{"class":487},[55,85823,14346],{"class":61},[55,85825,3413],{"class":91},[55,85827,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,85829,106],{"class":105},[55,85831,109],{"class":91},[55,85833,84432],{"class":105},[55,85835,109],{"class":91},[55,85837,3427],{"class":95},[55,85839,1273],{"class":91},[20,85841,357],{},[46,85843,85844],{"className":48,"code":2720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,85845,85846],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85847,85848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85849,2720],{"class":1210},[20,85851,85852,85853,92],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85854,2780],{},[1003,85856,85858],{"id":85857},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85860,85861],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[46,85863,85865],{"className":48,"code":85864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85866,85867,85899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85868,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85870,3851],{"class":61},[55,85872,66],{"class":65},[55,85874,3400],{"class":91},[55,85876,228],{"class":69},[55,85878,79333],{"class":73},[55,85880,228],{"class":69},[55,85882,2764],{"class":91},[55,85884,70],{"class":69},[55,85886,57540],{"class":73},[55,85888,228],{"class":69},[55,85890,2764],{"class":91},[55,85892,70],{"class":69},[55,85894,79350],{"class":73},[55,85896,228],{"class":69},[55,85898,3413],{"class":91},[55,85900,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85902,106],{"class":105},[55,85904,109],{"class":91},[55,85906,84432],{"class":105},[55,85908,109],{"class":91},[55,85910,3895],{"class":95},[55,85912,1273],{"class":91},[20,85914,357],{},[46,85916,85917],{"className":48,"code":85128,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,85918,85919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85920,85921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85922,85128],{"class":61},[20,85924,85925],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[46,85927,85929],{"className":48,"code":85928,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85930,85931,85963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85932,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85934,3851],{"class":61},[55,85936,66],{"class":65},[55,85938,3400],{"class":91},[55,85940,228],{"class":69},[55,85942,79333],{"class":73},[55,85944,228],{"class":69},[55,85946,2764],{"class":91},[55,85948,70],{"class":69},[55,85950,57540],{"class":73},[55,85952,228],{"class":69},[55,85954,2764],{"class":91},[55,85956,70],{"class":69},[55,85958,79350],{"class":73},[55,85960,228],{"class":69},[55,85962,3413],{"class":91},[55,85964,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,85966,106],{"class":105},[55,85968,109],{"class":91},[55,85970,84432],{"class":105},[55,85972,109],{"class":91},[55,85974,3895],{"class":95},[55,85976,2764],{"class":91},[55,85978,21357],{"class":8955},[55,85980,66],{"class":65},[55,85982,3220],{"class":1265},[55,85984,92],{"class":91},[55,85986,96],{"class":1047},[55,85988,1273],{"class":91},[20,85990,357],{},[46,85992,85993],{"className":48,"code":85128,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,85994,85995],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85996,85997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85998,85128],{"class":61},[20,86000,86001],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[131,86003,4744,86005],{"id":86004},"when-to-use-min",[15,86006,84007],{},[20,86008,1866,86009,10382],{},[15,86010,84007],{},[30,86012,86013,86016,86021],{},[33,86014,86015],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,86017,86018,86019],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86020,14621],{},[33,86022,86023],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86025,1866,86026,86030],{},[166,86027,86028],{"href":74294},[15,86029,74197],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86032,1866,86033,86038],{},[166,86034,86036],{"href":86035},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86037,82354],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[131,86040,1001],{"id":1000},[20,86042,84012],{},[30,86044,86045,86053,86056,86061,86068],{},[33,86046,86047,86048,86050,86051],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86049,84007],{}," without using ",[15,86052,82709],{},[33,86054,86055],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,86057,8235,86058,86060],{},[15,86059,84007],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,86062,4486,86063,86065,86066,85169],{},[15,86064,14621],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86067,84007],{},[33,86069,1185,86070,86072],{},[15,86071,82709],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86074,86075,86076,86078],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86077,84007],{},", these quick checks can help:",[46,86080,86082],{"className":48,"code":86081,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86083,86084,86098,86108,86122,86136,86158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86085,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86087,106],{"class":105},[55,86089,109],{"class":91},[55,86091,1266],{"class":1265},[55,86093,109],{"class":91},[55,86095,8984],{"class":95},[55,86097,1273],{"class":91},[55,86099,86100,86102,86104,86106],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,86101,106],{"class":105},[55,86103,109],{"class":91},[55,86105,8984],{"class":95},[55,86107,342],{"class":91},[55,86109,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,86111,106],{"class":105},[55,86113,109],{"class":91},[55,86115,10942],{"class":105},[55,86117,109],{"class":91},[55,86119,8984],{"class":95},[55,86121,1273],{"class":91},[55,86123,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,86125,106],{"class":105},[55,86127,109],{"class":91},[55,86129,84432],{"class":105},[55,86131,109],{"class":91},[55,86133,8984],{"class":95},[55,86135,1273],{"class":91},[55,86137,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,86139,106],{"class":105},[55,86141,109],{"class":91},[55,86143,84432],{"class":105},[55,86145,109],{"class":91},[55,86147,8984],{"class":95},[55,86149,2764],{"class":91},[55,86151,26296],{"class":8955},[55,86153,66],{"class":65},[55,86155,3556],{"class":3631},[55,86157,1273],{"class":91},[55,86159,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,86161,106],{"class":105},[55,86163,109],{"class":91},[55,86165,84432],{"class":105},[55,86167,109],{"class":91},[55,86169,3895],{"class":95},[55,86171,2764],{"class":91},[55,86173,21357],{"class":8955},[55,86175,66],{"class":65},[55,86177,10942],{"class":105},[55,86179,1273],{"class":91},[20,86181,86182,86183,86186,86187,86189],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86184,86185],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86188,8984],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[131,86191,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,86193,1603,86195,4928],{"id":86194},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86196,84007],{},[20,86198,86199],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1003,86201,4953,86203,84188],{"id":86202},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86204,84007],{},[20,86206,86207],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1003,86209,71419],{"id":71418},[20,86211,86212,52265,86214,84200,86216,36392],{},[15,86213,84007],{},[15,86215,40477],{},[15,86217,82709],{},[1003,86219,1603,86221,86223,86224,1631],{"id":86220},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86222,14621],{}," do in ",[15,86225,84007],{},[20,86227,86228,86230,86231,86233],{},[15,86229,14621],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86232,83262],{}," compares strings by length.",[1003,86235,1626,86237,1377,86239,1631],{"id":86236},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86238,84007],{},[15,86240,74197],{},[20,86242,86243,86245,86246,86248],{},[15,86244,84007],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86247,74197],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[131,86250,1643],{"id":1642},[30,86252,86253,86259,86265,86271,86275,86279],{},[33,86254,86255],{},[166,86256,86257,1689],{"href":86035},[15,86258,82354],{},[33,86260,86261],{},[166,86262,86263,1689],{"href":74294},[15,86264,74197],{},[33,86266,86267],{},[166,86268,86269,1689],{"href":42131},[15,86270,42134],{},[33,86272,86273],{},[166,86274,79646],{"href":78149},[33,86276,86277],{},[166,86278,58728],{"href":58727},[33,86280,86281],{},[166,86282,65612],{"href":72651},[1696,86284,86285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":86287},[86288,86289,86291,86297,86299,86301,86306,86308,86314,86316,86317,86328],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":84491,"depth":80,"text":86290},"What min() does",{"id":84512,"depth":80,"text":84513,"children":86292},[86293,86294,86295,86296],{"id":84597,"depth":102,"text":84600},{"id":84659,"depth":102,"text":84662},{"id":84709,"depth":102,"text":84712},{"id":84803,"depth":102,"text":84806},{"id":84865,"depth":80,"text":86298},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85000,"depth":80,"text":86300},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85147,"depth":80,"text":86302,"children":86303},"Using min() with a key function",[86304,86305],{"id":85175,"depth":102,"text":85176},{"id":85250,"depth":102,"text":85251},{"id":85472,"depth":80,"text":86307},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10524,"depth":80,"text":10525,"children":86309},[86310,86312,86313],{"id":85614,"depth":102,"text":86311},"Empty list without default",{"id":85704,"depth":102,"text":85705},{"id":85857,"depth":102,"text":85858},{"id":86004,"depth":80,"text":86315},"When to use min()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":86318},[86319,86321,86323,86324,86326],{"id":86194,"depth":102,"text":86320},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86202,"depth":102,"text":86322},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71418,"depth":102,"text":71419},{"id":86220,"depth":102,"text":86325},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86236,"depth":102,"text":86327},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84374,"description":86329},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86336,"title":86337,"body":86338,"description":88517,"extension":1733,"meta":88518,"navigation":248,"path":88519,"seo":88520,"stem":88521,"__hash__":88522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86339,"toc":88481},[86340,86343,86349,86355,86357,86438,86447,86451,86456,86458,86503,86505,86585,86591,86593,86596,86628,86630,86648,86650,86723,86725,86744,86748,86751,86787,86789,86856,86930,87003,87008,87012,87018,87021,87038,87041,87043,87104,87106,87126,87132,87136,87139,87209,87212,87231,87236,87312,87315,87319,87325,87329,87334,87404,87408,87413,87487,87491,87494,87569,87580,87584,87589,87679,87684,87752,87755,87774,87785,87789,87792,87797,87800,87862,87865,87876,87881,87884,87887,87892,87895,87898,87902,87905,87911,87914,87925,87927,87989,88004,88010,88013,88016,88027,88038,88044,88047,88049,88111,88121,88127,88132,88138,88142,88148,88151,88172,88174,88179,88206,88209,88236,88239,88278,88281,88319,88322,88383,88386,88388,88392,88395,88399,88405,88413,88421,88425,88428,88432,88438,88440,88478],[10,86341,86337],{"id":86342},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86344,86345,86348],{},[15,86346,86347],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86350,86351,86352,86354],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86353,86347],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[131,86356,1775],{"id":1774},[46,86358,86360],{"className":48,"code":86359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86361,86362,86411,86427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86363,86364,86367,86370,86372,86374,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389,86392,86394,86396,86399,86401,86403,86405,86409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86365,86366],{"class":487},"with",[55,86368,86369],{"class":105}," open",[55,86371,109],{"class":91},[55,86373,228],{"class":69},[55,86375,86376],{"class":73},"example.txt",[55,86378,228],{"class":69},[55,86380,2764],{"class":91},[55,86382,70],{"class":69},[55,86384,60278],{"class":73},[55,86386,228],{"class":69},[55,86388,2764],{"class":91},[55,86390,86391],{"class":8955}," encoding",[55,86393,66],{"class":65},[55,86395,228],{"class":69},[55,86397,86398],{"class":73},"utf-8",[55,86400,228],{"class":69},[55,86402,115],{"class":91},[55,86404,47128],{"class":487},[55,86406,86408],{"class":86407},"sMMDD"," file",[55,86410,511],{"class":91},[55,86412,86413,86416,86418,86420,86422,86425],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,86414,86415],{"class":61},"    content ",[55,86417,66],{"class":65},[55,86419,86408],{"class":86407},[55,86421,92],{"class":91},[55,86423,86424],{"class":95},"read",[55,86426,99],{"class":91},[55,86428,86429,86431,86433,86436],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,86430,516],{"class":105},[55,86432,109],{"class":91},[55,86434,86435],{"class":95},"content",[55,86437,342],{"class":91},[20,86439,1866,86440,86442,86443,86446],{},[15,86441,86366],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86444,86445],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[131,86448,86450],{"id":86449},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86452,86453,86455],{},[15,86454,86347],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86457,11239],{},[30,86459,86460,86463,86468,86473],{},[33,86461,86462],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86464,40679,86465,86467],{},[123,86466,902],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86469,17198,86470],{},[123,86471,86472],{},"file object",[33,86474,86475,86476],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86477,86478,86483,86488,86493,86498],{},[33,86479,86480],{},[15,86481,86482],{},"read()",[33,86484,86485],{},[15,86486,86487],{},"readline()",[33,86489,86490],{},[15,86491,86492],{},"readlines()",[33,86494,86495],{},[15,86496,86497],{},"write()",[33,86499,86500],{},[15,86501,86502],{},"close()",[20,86504,214],{},[46,86506,86508],{"className":48,"code":86507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86509,86510,86549,86564,86574],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86511,86512,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86513,86514],{"class":86407},"file",[55,86516,13055],{"class":65},[55,86518,86369],{"class":105},[55,86520,109],{"class":91},[55,86522,228],{"class":69},[55,86524,86376],{"class":73},[55,86526,228],{"class":69},[55,86528,2764],{"class":91},[55,86530,70],{"class":69},[55,86532,60278],{"class":73},[55,86534,228],{"class":69},[55,86536,2764],{"class":91},[55,86538,86391],{"class":8955},[55,86540,66],{"class":65},[55,86542,228],{"class":69},[55,86544,86398],{"class":73},[55,86546,228],{"class":69},[55,86548,342],{"class":91},[55,86550,86551,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,86552,86553],{"class":61},"content ",[55,86555,66],{"class":65},[55,86557,86408],{"class":86407},[55,86559,92],{"class":91},[55,86561,86424],{"class":95},[55,86563,99],{"class":91},[55,86565,86566,86568,86570,86572],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,86567,106],{"class":105},[55,86569,109],{"class":91},[55,86571,86435],{"class":95},[55,86573,342],{"class":91},[55,86575,86576,86578,86580,86583],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,86577,86514],{"class":86407},[55,86579,92],{"class":91},[55,86581,86582],{"class":95},"close",[55,86584,99],{"class":91},[20,86586,86587,86588,86590],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86589,86366],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[131,86592,178],{"id":177},[20,86594,86595],{},"A common form is:",[46,86597,86599],{"className":48,"code":86598,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86600,86601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86602,86603,86605,86607,86609,86611,86614,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86604,42200],{"class":105},[55,86606,109],{"class":91},[55,86608,86514],{"class":86407},[55,86610,2764],{"class":91},[55,86612,86613],{"class":95}," mode",[55,86615,2764],{"class":91},[55,86617,86391],{"class":8955},[55,86619,66],{"class":65},[55,86621,228],{"class":69},[55,86623,86398],{"class":73},[55,86625,228],{"class":69},[55,86627,342],{"class":91},[20,86629,64818],{},[30,86631,86632,86637,86642],{},[33,86633,86634,86636],{},[15,86635,86514],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86638,86639,86641],{},[15,86640,20697],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86643,86644,86647],{},[15,86645,86646],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86649,214],{},[46,86651,86653],{"className":48,"code":86652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86654,86655,86698,86713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86656,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86658,86366],{"class":487},[55,86660,86369],{"class":105},[55,86662,109],{"class":91},[55,86664,228],{"class":69},[55,86666,86667],{"class":73},"notes.txt",[55,86669,228],{"class":69},[55,86671,2764],{"class":91},[55,86673,70],{"class":69},[55,86675,60278],{"class":73},[55,86677,228],{"class":69},[55,86679,2764],{"class":91},[55,86681,86391],{"class":8955},[55,86683,66],{"class":65},[55,86685,228],{"class":69},[55,86687,86398],{"class":73},[55,86689,228],{"class":69},[55,86691,115],{"class":91},[55,86693,47128],{"class":487},[55,86695,86408],{"class":86407},[55,86697,511],{"class":91},[55,86699,86700,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,86701,86702],{"class":61},"    text ",[55,86704,66],{"class":65},[55,86706,86408],{"class":86407},[55,86708,92],{"class":91},[55,86710,86424],{"class":95},[55,86712,99],{"class":91},[55,86714,86715,86717,86719,86721],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,86716,516],{"class":105},[55,86718,109],{"class":91},[55,86720,352],{"class":95},[55,86722,342],{"class":91},[20,86724,19735],{},[30,86726,86727,86733,86738],{},[33,86728,86729,86732],{},[15,86730,86731],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86734,86735,86737],{},[15,86736,86445],{}," means open for reading",[33,86739,86740,86743],{},[15,86741,86742],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[131,86745,86747],{"id":86746},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86749,86750],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86752,86753,86758,86764,86769,86775,86781],{},[33,86754,86755,86757],{},[15,86756,86445],{}," = read a text file",[33,86759,86760,86763],{},[15,86761,86762],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86765,86766,86768],{},[15,86767,17873],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86770,86771,86774],{},[15,86772,86773],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86776,86777,86780],{},[15,86778,86779],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86782,86783,86786],{},[15,86784,86785],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86788,1900],{},[46,86790,86792],{"className":48,"code":86791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86793,86794,86799,86842],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86795,86796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86797,86798],{"class":118},"# Read a text file\n",[55,86800,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,86802,86366],{"class":487},[55,86804,86369],{"class":105},[55,86806,109],{"class":91},[55,86808,228],{"class":69},[55,86810,86811],{"class":73},"data.txt",[55,86813,228],{"class":69},[55,86815,2764],{"class":91},[55,86817,70],{"class":69},[55,86819,60278],{"class":73},[55,86821,228],{"class":69},[55,86823,2764],{"class":91},[55,86825,86391],{"class":8955},[55,86827,66],{"class":65},[55,86829,228],{"class":69},[55,86831,86398],{"class":73},[55,86833,228],{"class":69},[55,86835,115],{"class":91},[55,86837,47128],{"class":487},[55,86839,86408],{"class":86407},[55,86841,511],{"class":91},[55,86843,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,86845,516],{"class":105},[55,86847,109],{"class":91},[55,86849,86514],{"class":86407},[55,86851,92],{"class":91},[55,86853,86424],{"class":95},[55,86855,1087],{"class":91},[46,86857,86859],{"className":48,"code":86858,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86860,86861,86866,86908],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86862,86863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86864,86865],{"class":118},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[55,86867,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,86869,86366],{"class":487},[55,86871,86369],{"class":105},[55,86873,109],{"class":91},[55,86875,228],{"class":69},[55,86877,86811],{"class":73},[55,86879,228],{"class":69},[55,86881,2764],{"class":91},[55,86883,70],{"class":69},[55,86885,60261],{"class":73},[55,86887,228],{"class":69},[55,86889,2764],{"class":91},[55,86891,86391],{"class":8955},[55,86893,66],{"class":65},[55,86895,228],{"class":69},[55,86897,86398],{"class":73},[55,86899,228],{"class":69},[55,86901,115],{"class":91},[55,86903,47128],{"class":487},[55,86905,86408],{"class":86407},[55,86907,511],{"class":91},[55,86909,86910,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86926,86928],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,86911,86912],{"class":86407},"    file",[55,86914,92],{"class":91},[55,86916,69968],{"class":95},[55,86918,109],{"class":91},[55,86920,228],{"class":69},[55,86922,34637],{"class":73},[55,86924,86925],{"class":375},"\\n",[55,86927,228],{"class":69},[55,86929,342],{"class":91},[46,86931,86933],{"className":48,"code":86932,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86934,86935,86940,86982],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86936,86937],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86938,86939],{"class":118},"# Append to a text file\n",[55,86941,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,86943,86366],{"class":487},[55,86945,86369],{"class":105},[55,86947,109],{"class":91},[55,86949,228],{"class":69},[55,86951,86811],{"class":73},[55,86953,228],{"class":69},[55,86955,2764],{"class":91},[55,86957,70],{"class":69},[55,86959,166],{"class":73},[55,86961,228],{"class":69},[55,86963,2764],{"class":91},[55,86965,86391],{"class":8955},[55,86967,66],{"class":65},[55,86969,228],{"class":69},[55,86971,86398],{"class":73},[55,86973,228],{"class":69},[55,86975,115],{"class":91},[55,86977,47128],{"class":487},[55,86979,86408],{"class":86407},[55,86981,511],{"class":91},[55,86983,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86997,86999,87001],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,86985,86912],{"class":86407},[55,86987,92],{"class":91},[55,86989,69968],{"class":95},[55,86991,109],{"class":91},[55,86993,228],{"class":69},[55,86995,86996],{"class":73},"Another line",[55,86998,86925],{"class":375},[55,87000,228],{"class":69},[55,87002,342],{"class":91},[20,87004,69120,87005,87007],{},[15,87006,86762],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[131,87009,87011],{"id":87010},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87013,87014,451,87016,92],{},[15,87015,86347],{},[123,87017,86472],{},[20,87019,87020],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,87022,87023,87028,87033],{},[33,87024,87025],{},[15,87026,87027],{},"file.read()",[33,87029,87030],{},[15,87031,87032],{},"file.write()",[33,87034,87035],{},[15,87036,87037],{},"file.close()",[20,87039,87040],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87042,214],{},[46,87044,87046],{"className":48,"code":87045,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87047,87048,87090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87049,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87051,86366],{"class":487},[55,87053,86369],{"class":105},[55,87055,109],{"class":91},[55,87057,228],{"class":69},[55,87059,86376],{"class":73},[55,87061,228],{"class":69},[55,87063,2764],{"class":91},[55,87065,70],{"class":69},[55,87067,60278],{"class":73},[55,87069,228],{"class":69},[55,87071,2764],{"class":91},[55,87073,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87075,66],{"class":65},[55,87077,228],{"class":69},[55,87079,86398],{"class":73},[55,87081,228],{"class":69},[55,87083,115],{"class":91},[55,87085,47128],{"class":487},[55,87087,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87089,511],{"class":91},[55,87091,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87093,516],{"class":105},[55,87095,109],{"class":91},[55,87097,1266],{"class":1265},[55,87099,109],{"class":91},[55,87101,86514],{"class":86407},[55,87103,1273],{"class":91},[20,87105,29801],{},[46,87107,87109],{"className":48,"code":87108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87110,87111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87112,87113,87115,87117,87119,87122,87124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87114,3066],{"class":65},[55,87116,3069],{"class":1838},[55,87118,3072],{"class":69},[55,87120,87121],{"class":73},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[55,87123,3077],{"class":69},[55,87125,3080],{"class":65},[20,87127,87128,87129,87131],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87130,86347],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[131,87133,87135],{"id":87134},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87137,87138],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[46,87140,87141],{"className":48,"code":86359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,87142,87143,87185,87199],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87144,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87146,86366],{"class":487},[55,87148,86369],{"class":105},[55,87150,109],{"class":91},[55,87152,228],{"class":69},[55,87154,86376],{"class":73},[55,87156,228],{"class":69},[55,87158,2764],{"class":91},[55,87160,70],{"class":69},[55,87162,60278],{"class":73},[55,87164,228],{"class":69},[55,87166,2764],{"class":91},[55,87168,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87170,66],{"class":65},[55,87172,228],{"class":69},[55,87174,86398],{"class":73},[55,87176,228],{"class":69},[55,87178,115],{"class":91},[55,87180,47128],{"class":487},[55,87182,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87184,511],{"class":91},[55,87186,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87188,86415],{"class":61},[55,87190,66],{"class":65},[55,87192,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87194,92],{"class":91},[55,87196,86424],{"class":95},[55,87198,99],{"class":91},[55,87200,87201,87203,87205,87207],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,87202,516],{"class":105},[55,87204,109],{"class":91},[55,87206,86435],{"class":95},[55,87208,342],{"class":91},[20,87210,87211],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87213,87214,87219,87225,87228],{},[33,87215,87216,87218],{},[15,87217,86366],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87220,87221,87222,87224],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87223,86502],{}," yourself",[33,87226,87227],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87229,87230],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87232,83525,87233,87235],{},[15,87234,86366],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[46,87237,87238],{"className":48,"code":86507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,87239,87240,87278,87292,87302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87241,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87243,86514],{"class":86407},[55,87245,13055],{"class":65},[55,87247,86369],{"class":105},[55,87249,109],{"class":91},[55,87251,228],{"class":69},[55,87253,86376],{"class":73},[55,87255,228],{"class":69},[55,87257,2764],{"class":91},[55,87259,70],{"class":69},[55,87261,60278],{"class":73},[55,87263,228],{"class":69},[55,87265,2764],{"class":91},[55,87267,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87269,66],{"class":65},[55,87271,228],{"class":69},[55,87273,86398],{"class":73},[55,87275,228],{"class":69},[55,87277,342],{"class":91},[55,87279,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87281,86553],{"class":61},[55,87283,66],{"class":65},[55,87285,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87287,92],{"class":91},[55,87289,86424],{"class":95},[55,87291,99],{"class":91},[55,87293,87294,87296,87298,87300],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,87295,106],{"class":105},[55,87297,109],{"class":91},[55,87299,86435],{"class":95},[55,87301,342],{"class":91},[55,87303,87304,87306,87308,87310],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,87305,86514],{"class":86407},[55,87307,92],{"class":91},[55,87309,86582],{"class":95},[55,87311,99],{"class":91},[20,87313,87314],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[131,87316,87318],{"id":87317},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87320,87321,87322,87324],{},"Use mode ",[15,87323,86445],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1003,87326,87328],{"id":87327},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87330,87331,87333],{},[15,87332,86482],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[46,87335,87336],{"className":48,"code":86359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,87337,87338,87380,87394],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87339,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87341,86366],{"class":487},[55,87343,86369],{"class":105},[55,87345,109],{"class":91},[55,87347,228],{"class":69},[55,87349,86376],{"class":73},[55,87351,228],{"class":69},[55,87353,2764],{"class":91},[55,87355,70],{"class":69},[55,87357,60278],{"class":73},[55,87359,228],{"class":69},[55,87361,2764],{"class":91},[55,87363,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87365,66],{"class":65},[55,87367,228],{"class":69},[55,87369,86398],{"class":73},[55,87371,228],{"class":69},[55,87373,115],{"class":91},[55,87375,47128],{"class":487},[55,87377,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87379,511],{"class":91},[55,87381,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87383,86415],{"class":61},[55,87385,66],{"class":65},[55,87387,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87389,92],{"class":91},[55,87391,86424],{"class":95},[55,87393,99],{"class":91},[55,87395,87396,87398,87400,87402],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,87397,516],{"class":105},[55,87399,109],{"class":91},[55,87401,86435],{"class":95},[55,87403,342],{"class":91},[1003,87405,87407],{"id":87406},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87409,87410,87412],{},[15,87411,86487],{}," reads one line at a time.",[46,87414,87416],{"className":48,"code":87415,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87417,87418,87460,87476],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87419,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87421,86366],{"class":487},[55,87423,86369],{"class":105},[55,87425,109],{"class":91},[55,87427,228],{"class":69},[55,87429,86376],{"class":73},[55,87431,228],{"class":69},[55,87433,2764],{"class":91},[55,87435,70],{"class":69},[55,87437,60278],{"class":73},[55,87439,228],{"class":69},[55,87441,2764],{"class":91},[55,87443,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87445,66],{"class":65},[55,87447,228],{"class":69},[55,87449,86398],{"class":73},[55,87451,228],{"class":69},[55,87453,115],{"class":91},[55,87455,47128],{"class":487},[55,87457,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87459,511],{"class":91},[55,87461,87462,87465,87467,87469,87471,87474],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87463,87464],{"class":61},"    first_line ",[55,87466,66],{"class":65},[55,87468,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87470,92],{"class":91},[55,87472,87473],{"class":95},"readline",[55,87475,99],{"class":91},[55,87477,87478,87480,87482,87485],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,87479,516],{"class":105},[55,87481,109],{"class":91},[55,87483,87484],{"class":95},"first_line",[55,87486,342],{"class":91},[1003,87488,87490],{"id":87489},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87492,87493],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[46,87495,87497],{"className":48,"code":87496,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87498,87499,87541,87555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87500,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87502,86366],{"class":487},[55,87504,86369],{"class":105},[55,87506,109],{"class":91},[55,87508,228],{"class":69},[55,87510,86376],{"class":73},[55,87512,228],{"class":69},[55,87514,2764],{"class":91},[55,87516,70],{"class":69},[55,87518,60278],{"class":73},[55,87520,228],{"class":69},[55,87522,2764],{"class":91},[55,87524,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87526,66],{"class":65},[55,87528,228],{"class":69},[55,87530,86398],{"class":73},[55,87532,228],{"class":69},[55,87534,115],{"class":91},[55,87536,47128],{"class":487},[55,87538,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87540,511],{"class":91},[55,87542,87543,87546,87549,87551,87553],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87544,87545],{"class":487},"    for",[55,87547,87548],{"class":61}," line ",[55,87550,3662],{"class":487},[55,87552,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87554,511],{"class":91},[55,87556,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,87558,47108],{"class":105},[55,87560,109],{"class":91},[55,87562,57],{"class":95},[55,87564,92],{"class":91},[55,87566,854],{"class":95},[55,87568,1087],{"class":91},[20,87570,87571,87572,2651,87576,92],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[166,87573,87575],{"href":87574},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[166,87577,87579],{"href":87578},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[131,87581,87583],{"id":87582},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87585,1866,87586,87588],{},[15,87587,86762],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[46,87590,87592],{"className":48,"code":87591,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87593,87594,87637,87658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87595,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87597,86366],{"class":487},[55,87599,86369],{"class":105},[55,87601,109],{"class":91},[55,87603,228],{"class":69},[55,87605,87606],{"class":73},"output.txt",[55,87608,228],{"class":69},[55,87610,2764],{"class":91},[55,87612,70],{"class":69},[55,87614,60261],{"class":73},[55,87616,228],{"class":69},[55,87618,2764],{"class":91},[55,87620,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87622,66],{"class":65},[55,87624,228],{"class":69},[55,87626,86398],{"class":73},[55,87628,228],{"class":69},[55,87630,115],{"class":91},[55,87632,47128],{"class":487},[55,87634,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87636,511],{"class":91},[55,87638,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87652,87654,87656],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87640,86912],{"class":86407},[55,87642,92],{"class":91},[55,87644,69968],{"class":95},[55,87646,109],{"class":91},[55,87648,228],{"class":69},[55,87650,87651],{"class":73},"First line",[55,87653,86925],{"class":375},[55,87655,228],{"class":69},[55,87657,342],{"class":91},[55,87659,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87673,87675,87677],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,87661,86912],{"class":86407},[55,87663,92],{"class":91},[55,87665,69968],{"class":95},[55,87667,109],{"class":91},[55,87669,228],{"class":69},[55,87671,87672],{"class":73},"Second line",[55,87674,86925],{"class":375},[55,87676,228],{"class":69},[55,87678,342],{"class":91},[20,87680,1866,87681,87683],{},[15,87682,17873],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[46,87685,87687],{"className":48,"code":87686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87688,87689,87731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87690,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87692,86366],{"class":487},[55,87694,86369],{"class":105},[55,87696,109],{"class":91},[55,87698,228],{"class":69},[55,87700,87606],{"class":73},[55,87702,228],{"class":69},[55,87704,2764],{"class":91},[55,87706,70],{"class":69},[55,87708,166],{"class":73},[55,87710,228],{"class":69},[55,87712,2764],{"class":91},[55,87714,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87716,66],{"class":65},[55,87718,228],{"class":69},[55,87720,86398],{"class":73},[55,87722,228],{"class":69},[55,87724,115],{"class":91},[55,87726,47128],{"class":487},[55,87728,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87730,511],{"class":91},[55,87732,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87746,87748,87750],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87734,86912],{"class":86407},[55,87736,92],{"class":91},[55,87738,69968],{"class":95},[55,87740,109],{"class":91},[55,87742,228],{"class":69},[55,87744,87745],{"class":73},"Third line",[55,87747,86925],{"class":375},[55,87749,228],{"class":69},[55,87751,342],{"class":91},[20,87753,87754],{},"Important detail:",[30,87756,87757,87762,87769],{},[33,87758,87759,87761],{},[15,87760,86497],{}," writes a string",[33,87763,87764,13833,87766,87768],{},[15,87765,86497],{},[123,87767,902],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87770,87771,87772,87224],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87773,86925],{},[20,87775,87776,87777,2651,87781,92],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[166,87778,87780],{"href":87779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[166,87782,87784],{"href":87783},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[131,87786,87788],{"id":87787},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87790,87791],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1003,87793,87795],{"id":87794},"encodingutf-8",[15,87796,86742],{},[20,87798,87799],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[46,87801,87803],{"className":48,"code":87802,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87804,87805,87848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87806,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87808,86366],{"class":487},[55,87810,86369],{"class":105},[55,87812,109],{"class":91},[55,87814,228],{"class":69},[55,87816,87817],{"class":73},"message.txt",[55,87819,228],{"class":69},[55,87821,2764],{"class":91},[55,87823,70],{"class":69},[55,87825,60278],{"class":73},[55,87827,228],{"class":69},[55,87829,2764],{"class":91},[55,87831,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87833,66],{"class":65},[55,87835,228],{"class":69},[55,87837,86398],{"class":73},[55,87839,228],{"class":69},[55,87841,115],{"class":91},[55,87843,47128],{"class":487},[55,87845,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87847,511],{"class":91},[55,87849,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87851,516],{"class":105},[55,87853,109],{"class":91},[55,87855,86514],{"class":86407},[55,87857,92],{"class":91},[55,87859,86424],{"class":95},[55,87861,1087],{"class":91},[20,87863,87864],{},"Why it matters:",[30,87866,87867,87870,87873],{},[33,87868,87869],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,87871,87872],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,87874,87875],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1003,87877,87879],{"id":87878},"newline",[15,87880,87878],{},[20,87882,87883],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87885,87886],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1003,87888,87890],{"id":87889},"buffering",[15,87891,87889],{},[20,87893,87894],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87896,87897],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[131,87899,87901],{"id":87900},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87903,87904],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1003,87906,87908],{"id":87907},"filenotfounderror",[15,87909,87910],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87912,87913],{},"This happens when:",[30,87915,87916,87919,87922],{},[33,87917,87918],{},"the file does not exist",[33,87920,87921],{},"the path is wrong",[33,87923,87924],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87926,214],{},[46,87928,87930],{"className":48,"code":87929,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87931,87932,87975],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87933,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87935,86366],{"class":487},[55,87937,86369],{"class":105},[55,87939,109],{"class":91},[55,87941,228],{"class":69},[55,87943,87944],{"class":73},"missing.txt",[55,87946,228],{"class":69},[55,87948,2764],{"class":91},[55,87950,70],{"class":69},[55,87952,60278],{"class":73},[55,87954,228],{"class":69},[55,87956,2764],{"class":91},[55,87958,86391],{"class":8955},[55,87960,66],{"class":65},[55,87962,228],{"class":69},[55,87964,86398],{"class":73},[55,87966,228],{"class":69},[55,87968,115],{"class":91},[55,87970,47128],{"class":487},[55,87972,86408],{"class":86407},[55,87974,511],{"class":91},[55,87976,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,87978,516],{"class":105},[55,87980,109],{"class":91},[55,87982,86514],{"class":86407},[55,87984,92],{"class":91},[55,87986,86424],{"class":95},[55,87988,1087],{"class":91},[20,87990,87991,87992,1377,88000,92],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[166,87993,87995,87996,87999],{"href":87994},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[55,87997,87998],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[166,88001,88003],{"href":88002},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1003,88005,88007],{"id":88006},"permissionerror",[15,88008,88009],{},"PermissionError",[20,88011,88012],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88014,88015],{},"Example causes:",[30,88017,88018,88021,88024],{},[33,88019,88020],{},"the file is protected",[33,88022,88023],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,88025,88026],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88028,88029,88030],{},"Related page: ",[166,88031,88033,88034,88037],{"href":88032},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[55,88035,88036],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1003,88039,88041],{"id":88040},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88042,88043],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88045,88046],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88048,214],{},[46,88050,88052],{"className":48,"code":88051,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88053,88054,88097],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88055,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88057,86366],{"class":487},[55,88059,86369],{"class":105},[55,88061,109],{"class":91},[55,88063,228],{"class":69},[55,88065,88066],{"class":73},"my_folder",[55,88068,228],{"class":69},[55,88070,2764],{"class":91},[55,88072,70],{"class":69},[55,88074,60278],{"class":73},[55,88076,228],{"class":69},[55,88078,2764],{"class":91},[55,88080,86391],{"class":8955},[55,88082,66],{"class":65},[55,88084,228],{"class":69},[55,88086,86398],{"class":73},[55,88088,228],{"class":69},[55,88090,115],{"class":91},[55,88092,47128],{"class":487},[55,88094,86408],{"class":86407},[55,88096,511],{"class":91},[55,88098,88099,88101,88103,88105,88107,88109],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88100,516],{"class":105},[55,88102,109],{"class":91},[55,88104,86514],{"class":86407},[55,88106,92],{"class":91},[55,88108,86424],{"class":95},[55,88110,1087],{"class":91},[20,88112,88029,88113],{},[166,88114,88116,88117,88120],{"href":88115},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[55,88118,88119],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1003,88122,88124],{"id":88123},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88125,88126],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88128,88129,88130,92],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88131,86347],{},[20,88133,88029,88134],{},[166,88135,88137],{"href":88136},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[131,88139,88141],{"id":88140},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88143,88144,88145,88147],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88146,86347],{}," function.",[20,88149,88150],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88152,88153,88156,88159,88165],{},[33,88154,88155],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88157,88158],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88160,88161,88162,88164],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88163,86347],{}," itself",[33,88166,88167,88168],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[166,88169,88171],{"href":88170},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[131,88173,1001],{"id":1000},[20,88175,88176,88177,539],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88178,86347],{},[30,88180,88181,88186,88192,88197,88200,88203],{},[33,88182,1185,88183,88185],{},[15,88184,86445],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88187,88188,88189,88191],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88190,86646],{}," for text files",[33,88193,1185,88194,88196],{},[15,88195,86762],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88198,88199],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88201,88202],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88204,88205],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88207,88208],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[46,88210,88212],{"className":48,"code":88211,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88213,88214,88221],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88215,88216,88218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88217,34861],{"class":487},[55,88219,88220],{"class":61}," os\n",[55,88222,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88234],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88224,106],{"class":105},[55,88226,109],{"class":91},[55,88228,42399],{"class":95},[55,88230,92],{"class":91},[55,88232,88233],{"class":95},"getcwd",[55,88235,1087],{"class":91},[20,88237,88238],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[46,88240,88242],{"className":48,"code":88241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88243,88244,88250],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88245,88246,88248],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88247,34861],{"class":487},[55,88249,88220],{"class":61},[55,88251,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260,88263,88265,88268,88270,88272,88274,88276],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88253,106],{"class":105},[55,88255,109],{"class":91},[55,88257,42399],{"class":95},[55,88259,92],{"class":91},[55,88261,88262],{"class":1047},"path",[55,88264,92],{"class":91},[55,88266,88267],{"class":95},"exists",[55,88269,109],{"class":91},[55,88271,228],{"class":69},[55,88273,86376],{"class":73},[55,88275,228],{"class":69},[55,88277,1273],{"class":91},[20,88279,88280],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[46,88282,88284],{"className":48,"code":88283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88285,88286,88292],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88287,88288,88290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88289,34861],{"class":487},[55,88291,88220],{"class":61},[55,88293,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88309,88311,88313,88315,88317],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88295,106],{"class":105},[55,88297,109],{"class":91},[55,88299,42399],{"class":95},[55,88301,92],{"class":91},[55,88303,88262],{"class":1047},[55,88305,92],{"class":91},[55,88307,88308],{"class":95},"isfile",[55,88310,109],{"class":91},[55,88312,228],{"class":69},[55,88314,86376],{"class":73},[55,88316,228],{"class":69},[55,88318,1273],{"class":91},[20,88320,88321],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[46,88323,88325],{"className":48,"code":88324,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88326,88327,88369],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88328,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355,88357,88359,88361,88363,88365,88367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88330,86366],{"class":487},[55,88332,86369],{"class":105},[55,88334,109],{"class":91},[55,88336,228],{"class":69},[55,88338,86376],{"class":73},[55,88340,228],{"class":69},[55,88342,2764],{"class":91},[55,88344,70],{"class":69},[55,88346,60278],{"class":73},[55,88348,228],{"class":69},[55,88350,2764],{"class":91},[55,88352,86391],{"class":8955},[55,88354,66],{"class":65},[55,88356,228],{"class":69},[55,88358,86398],{"class":73},[55,88360,228],{"class":69},[55,88362,115],{"class":91},[55,88364,47128],{"class":487},[55,88366,86408],{"class":86407},[55,88368,511],{"class":91},[55,88370,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379,88381],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88372,516],{"class":105},[55,88374,109],{"class":91},[55,88376,86514],{"class":86407},[55,88378,92],{"class":91},[55,88380,86424],{"class":95},[55,88382,1087],{"class":91},[20,88384,88385],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[131,88387,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,88389,88391],{"id":88390},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88393,88394],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1003,88396,88398],{"id":88397},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88400,88401,88402,88404],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88403,86366],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1003,88406,1626,88408,1377,88410,88412],{"id":88407},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88409,86762],{},[15,88411,17873],{}," mode?",[20,88414,88415,88417,88418,88420],{},[15,88416,86762],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88419,17873],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1003,88422,88424],{"id":88423},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88426,88427],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1003,88429,88431],{"id":88430},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88433,88434,88435,88437],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88436,86742],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[131,88439,1643],{"id":1642},[30,88441,88442,88446,88450,88454,88458,88462,88466,88472],{},[33,88443,88444],{},[166,88445,87575],{"href":87574},[33,88447,88448],{},[166,88449,87780],{"href":87779},[33,88451,88452],{},[166,88453,87784],{"href":87783},[33,88455,88456],{},[166,88457,87579],{"href":87578},[33,88459,88460],{},[166,88461,88171],{"href":88170},[33,88463,88464],{},[166,88465,88003],{"href":88002},[33,88467,88468],{},[166,88469,87995,88470,87999],{"href":87994},[55,88471,87998],{},[33,88473,88474],{},[166,88475,88033,88476,88037],{"href":88032},[55,88477,88036],{},[1696,88479,88480],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":88482},[88483,88484,88485,88486,88487,88488,88489,88494,88495,88500,88506,88507,88508,88516],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":86449,"depth":80,"text":86450},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":86746,"depth":80,"text":86747},{"id":87010,"depth":80,"text":87011},{"id":87134,"depth":80,"text":87135},{"id":87317,"depth":80,"text":87318,"children":88490},[88491,88492,88493],{"id":87327,"depth":102,"text":87328},{"id":87406,"depth":102,"text":87407},{"id":87489,"depth":102,"text":87490},{"id":87582,"depth":80,"text":87583},{"id":87787,"depth":80,"text":87788,"children":88496},[88497,88498,88499],{"id":87794,"depth":102,"text":86742},{"id":87878,"depth":102,"text":87878},{"id":87889,"depth":102,"text":87889},{"id":87900,"depth":80,"text":87901,"children":88501},[88502,88503,88504,88505],{"id":87907,"depth":102,"text":87910},{"id":88006,"depth":102,"text":88009},{"id":88040,"depth":102,"text":88043},{"id":88123,"depth":102,"text":88126},{"id":88140,"depth":80,"text":88141},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":88509},[88510,88511,88512,88514,88515],{"id":88390,"depth":102,"text":88391},{"id":88397,"depth":102,"text":88398},{"id":88407,"depth":102,"text":88513},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88423,"depth":102,"text":88424},{"id":88430,"depth":102,"text":88431},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86337,"description":88517},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88524,"title":88525,"body":88526,"description":90517,"extension":1733,"meta":90518,"navigation":248,"path":90519,"seo":90520,"stem":90521,"__hash__":90522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88527,"toc":90464},[88528,88533,88538,88544,88546,88614,88616,88635,88640,88645,88650,88653,88665,88667,88710,88712,88730,88740,88742,88744,88769,88771,88782,88784,88844,88846,88872,88875,88879,88884,88888,88891,88925,88929,88932,88957,88961,88984,88988,89021,89026,89030,89035,89038,89106,89108,89132,89137,89140,89171,89173,89205,89222,89226,89231,89255,89262,89267,89272,89275,89279,89314,89316,89325,89329,89420,89422,89453,89458,89464,89469,89478,89481,89515,89517,89531,89535,89576,89578,89587,89591,89639,89641,89655,89660,89671,89678,89684,89686,89721,89723,89737,89740,89762,89768,89796,89807,89813,89819,89833,89835,89914,89916,89966,89973,89975,89980,89984,89987,90002,90007,90009,90028,90034,90037,90052,90054,90072,90078,90083,90113,90116,90139,90142,90169,90176,90182,90190,90213,90218,90226,90228,90248,90252,90258,90308,90311,90333,90335,90341,90349,90355,90361,90369,90374,90378,90381,90404,90409,90416,90428,90430,90461],[10,88529,1686,88531,3355],{"id":88530},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88532,46222],{},[20,88534,32090,88535,88537],{},[15,88536,46222],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88539,88540,88541,88543],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88542,46222],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[131,88545,1775],{"id":1774},[46,88547,88549],{"className":48,"code":88548,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88550,88551,88563,88572,88576,88586,88596],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88552,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88554,254],{"class":61},[55,88556,66],{"class":65},[55,88558,70],{"class":69},[55,88560,7705],{"class":73},[55,88562,77],{"class":69},[55,88564,88565,88567,88569],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88566,21405],{"class":61},[55,88568,66],{"class":65},[55,88570,88571],{"class":1210}," 12\n",[55,88573,88574],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,88575,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,88577,88578,88580,88582,88584],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,88579,106],{"class":105},[55,88581,109],{"class":91},[55,88583,273],{"class":95},[55,88585,342],{"class":91},[55,88587,88588,88590,88592,88594],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,88589,106],{"class":105},[55,88591,109],{"class":91},[55,88593,9079],{"class":95},[55,88595,342],{"class":91},[55,88597,88598,88600,88602,88604,88606,88608,88610,88612],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,88599,106],{"class":105},[55,88601,109],{"class":91},[55,88603,228],{"class":69},[55,88605,34637],{"class":73},[55,88607,228],{"class":69},[55,88609,2764],{"class":91},[55,88611,849],{"class":95},[55,88613,342],{"class":91},[20,88615,357],{},[46,88617,88619],{"className":48,"code":88618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88620,88621,88626,88630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88622,88623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88624,88625],{"class":61},"Mia\n",[55,88627,88628],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88629,1998],{"class":1210},[55,88631,88632],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,88633,88634],{"class":61},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88636,1866,88637,88639],{},[15,88638,46222],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[131,88641,134,88643,137],{"id":88642},"what-print-does",[15,88644,46222],{},[20,88646,88647,88649],{},[15,88648,46222],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88651,88652],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88654,88655,88657,88659,88662],{},[33,88656,352],{},[33,88658,3427],{},[33,88660,88661],{},"variables",[33,88663,88664],{},"expressions",[20,88666,214],{},[46,88668,88670],{"className":48,"code":88669,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88671,88672,88686,88696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88673,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88675,106],{"class":105},[55,88677,109],{"class":91},[55,88679,228],{"class":69},[55,88681,34637],{"class":73},[55,88683,228],{"class":69},[55,88685,342],{"class":91},[55,88687,88688,88690,88692,88694],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88689,106],{"class":105},[55,88691,109],{"class":91},[55,88693,1911],{"class":1210},[55,88695,342],{"class":91},[55,88697,88698,88700,88702,88704,88706,88708],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,88699,106],{"class":105},[55,88701,109],{"class":91},[55,88703,1829],{"class":1210},[55,88705,2226],{"class":65},[55,88707,2223],{"class":1210},[55,88709,342],{"class":91},[20,88711,357],{},[46,88713,88715],{"className":48,"code":88714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88716,88717,88722,88726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88718,88719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88720,88721],{"class":61},"Hello\n",[55,88723,88724],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88725,2720],{"class":1210},[55,88727,88728],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,88729,2720],{"class":1210},[20,88731,88732,88733,126,88735,88739],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88734,46222],{},[123,88736,3469,88737],{},[15,88738,3556],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[131,88741,178],{"id":177},[20,88743,30497],{},[46,88745,88747],{"className":48,"code":88746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88748,88749],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88750,88751,88753,88755,88758,88760,88763,88765,88767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88752,106],{"class":105},[55,88754,109],{"class":91},[55,88756,88757],{"class":95},"object1",[55,88759,2764],{"class":91},[55,88761,88762],{"class":95}," object2",[55,88764,2764],{"class":91},[55,88766,34226],{"class":105},[55,88768,342],{"class":91},[20,88770,79976],{},[30,88772,88773,88776,88779],{},[33,88774,88775],{},"one value",[33,88777,88778],{},"many values",[33,88780,88781],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88783,214],{},[46,88785,88787],{"className":48,"code":88786,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88788,88789,88803,88822],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88790,88791,88793,88795,88797,88799,88801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88792,106],{"class":105},[55,88794,109],{"class":91},[55,88796,228],{"class":69},[55,88798,57540],{"class":73},[55,88800,228],{"class":69},[55,88802,342],{"class":91},[55,88804,88805,88807,88809,88811,88814,88816,88818,88820],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88806,106],{"class":105},[55,88808,109],{"class":91},[55,88810,228],{"class":69},[55,88812,88813],{"class":73},"Score:",[55,88815,228],{"class":69},[55,88817,2764],{"class":91},[55,88819,5790],{"class":1210},[55,88821,342],{"class":91},[55,88823,88824,88826,88828,88830,88832,88834,88836,88838,88840,88842],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,88825,106],{"class":105},[55,88827,109],{"class":91},[55,88829,228],{"class":69},[55,88831,45333],{"class":73},[55,88833,228],{"class":69},[55,88835,2764],{"class":91},[55,88837,2229],{"class":1210},[55,88839,2226],{"class":65},[55,88841,37415],{"class":1210},[55,88843,342],{"class":91},[20,88845,357],{},[46,88847,88849],{"className":48,"code":88848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88850,88851,88855,88864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88852,88853],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88854,85128],{"class":61},[55,88856,88857,88860,88862],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88858,88859],{"class":61},"Score",[55,88861,539],{"class":91},[55,88863,2360],{"class":1210},[55,88865,88866,88868,88870],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,88867,45373],{"class":61},[55,88869,539],{"class":91},[55,88871,2360],{"class":1210},[20,88873,88874],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[131,88876,88878],{"id":88877},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88880,88881,88882,92],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88883,46222],{},[1003,88885,88887],{"id":88886},"print-text","Print text",[20,88889,88890],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[46,88892,88894],{"className":48,"code":88893,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88895,88896,88910],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88897,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906,88908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88899,106],{"class":105},[55,88901,109],{"class":91},[55,88903,228],{"class":69},[55,88905,34637],{"class":73},[55,88907,228],{"class":69},[55,88909,342],{"class":91},[55,88911,88912,88914,88916,88918,88921,88923],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88913,106],{"class":105},[55,88915,109],{"class":91},[55,88917,228],{"class":69},[55,88919,88920],{"class":73},"Python is fun",[55,88922,228],{"class":69},[55,88924,342],{"class":91},[1003,88926,88928],{"id":88927},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88930,88931],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[46,88933,88935],{"className":48,"code":88934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88936,88937,88947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88938,88939,88941,88943,88945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88940,106],{"class":105},[55,88942,109],{"class":91},[55,88944,1911],{"class":1210},[55,88946,342],{"class":91},[55,88948,88949,88951,88953,88955],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88950,106],{"class":105},[55,88952,109],{"class":91},[55,88954,39916],{"class":1210},[55,88956,342],{"class":91},[1003,88958,88960],{"id":88959},"print-variables","Print variables",[46,88962,88964],{"className":48,"code":88963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88965,88966,88974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88967,88968,88970,88972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88969,4879],{"class":61},[55,88971,66],{"class":65},[55,88973,13910],{"class":1210},[55,88975,88976,88978,88980,88982],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,88977,106],{"class":105},[55,88979,109],{"class":91},[55,88981,85292],{"class":95},[55,88983,342],{"class":91},[1003,88985,88987],{"id":88986},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[46,88989,88991],{"className":48,"code":88990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88992,88993,89007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88994,88995,88997,88999,89001,89003,89005],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88996,106],{"class":105},[55,88998,109],{"class":91},[55,89000,1829],{"class":1210},[55,89002,2226],{"class":65},[55,89004,2223],{"class":1210},[55,89006,342],{"class":91},[55,89008,89009,89011,89013,89015,89017,89019],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89010,106],{"class":105},[55,89012,109],{"class":91},[55,89014,2101],{"class":1210},[55,89016,82605],{"class":65},[55,89018,2229],{"class":1210},[55,89020,342],{"class":91},[20,89022,89023,89024,92],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[166,89025,174],{"href":173},[131,89027,89029],{"id":89028},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89031,89032,89034],{},[15,89033,46222],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89036,89037],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[46,89039,89041],{"className":48,"code":89040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89042,89043,89056,89064,89068,89087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89044,89045,89047,89049,89051,89054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89046,254],{"class":61},[55,89048,66],{"class":65},[55,89050,70],{"class":69},[55,89052,89053],{"class":73},"Ava",[55,89055,77],{"class":69},[55,89057,89058,89060,89062],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89059,21405],{"class":61},[55,89061,66],{"class":65},[55,89063,2360],{"class":1210},[55,89065,89066],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,89067,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,89069,89070,89072,89074,89076,89079,89081,89083,89085],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,89071,106],{"class":105},[55,89073,109],{"class":91},[55,89075,228],{"class":69},[55,89077,89078],{"class":73},"Name:",[55,89080,228],{"class":69},[55,89082,2764],{"class":91},[55,89084,849],{"class":95},[55,89086,342],{"class":91},[55,89088,89089,89091,89093,89095,89098,89100,89102,89104],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,89090,106],{"class":105},[55,89092,109],{"class":91},[55,89094,228],{"class":69},[55,89096,89097],{"class":73},"Age:",[55,89099,228],{"class":69},[55,89101,2764],{"class":91},[55,89103,8968],{"class":95},[55,89105,342],{"class":91},[20,89107,357],{},[46,89109,89111],{"className":48,"code":89110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89112,89113,89123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89114,89115,89118,89120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89116,89117],{"class":61},"Name",[55,89119,539],{"class":91},[55,89121,89122],{"class":61}," Ava\n",[55,89124,89125,89128,89130],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89126,89127],{"class":61},"Age",[55,89129,539],{"class":91},[55,89131,2360],{"class":1210},[20,89133,89134,89135,92],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89136,1832],{},[20,89138,89139],{},"For example, this works:",[46,89141,89143],{"className":48,"code":89142,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89144,89145,89153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89146,89147,89149,89151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89148,21405],{"class":61},[55,89150,66],{"class":65},[55,89152,2360],{"class":1210},[55,89154,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89156,106],{"class":105},[55,89158,109],{"class":91},[55,89160,228],{"class":69},[55,89162,89097],{"class":73},[55,89164,228],{"class":69},[55,89166,2764],{"class":91},[55,89168,8968],{"class":95},[55,89170,342],{"class":91},[20,89172,36697],{},[46,89174,89176],{"className":48,"code":89175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89177,89178,89186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89179,89180,89182,89184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89181,21405],{"class":61},[55,89183,66],{"class":65},[55,89185,2360],{"class":1210},[55,89187,89188,89190,89192,89194,89197,89199,89201,89203],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89189,106],{"class":105},[55,89191,109],{"class":91},[55,89193,228],{"class":69},[55,89195,89196],{"class":73},"Age: ",[55,89198,228],{"class":69},[55,89200,2226],{"class":65},[55,89202,8968],{"class":95},[55,89204,342],{"class":91},[20,89206,89207,89208,89211,89212,89214,89215,89217,89218,92],{},"That fails because ",[15,89209,89210],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89213,9079],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89216,1832],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[166,89219,89220],{"href":41948},[15,89221,47454],{},[131,89223,89225],{"id":89224},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89227,89228,89230],{},[15,89229,46222],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89232,89233,89239,89244,89249],{},[33,89234,89235,89238],{},[15,89236,89237],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89240,89241,89243],{},[15,89242,52431],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89245,89246,89248],{},[15,89247,86514],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89250,89251,89254],{},[15,89252,89253],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89256,89257,89258,1377,89260,92],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89259,89237],{},[15,89261,52431],{},[131,89263,89265,36386],{"id":89264},"sep-argument",[15,89266,89237],{},[20,89268,1750,89269,89271],{},[15,89270,89237],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89273,89274],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1003,89276,89278],{"id":89277},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[46,89280,89282],{"className":48,"code":89281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89283,89284],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89285,89286,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310,89312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89287,106],{"class":105},[55,89289,109],{"class":91},[55,89291,228],{"class":69},[55,89293,12872],{"class":73},[55,89295,228],{"class":69},[55,89297,2764],{"class":91},[55,89299,70],{"class":69},[55,89301,17232],{"class":73},[55,89303,228],{"class":69},[55,89305,2764],{"class":91},[55,89307,70],{"class":69},[55,89309,705],{"class":73},[55,89311,228],{"class":69},[55,89313,342],{"class":91},[20,89315,357],{},[46,89317,89319],{"className":48,"code":89318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red green blue\n",[15,89320,89321],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89322,89323],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89324,89318],{"class":61},[1003,89326,89328],{"id":89327},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[46,89330,89332],{"className":48,"code":89331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89333,89334,89377],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89335,89336,89338,89340,89342,89344,89346,89348,89350,89352,89354,89356,89358,89360,89362,89364,89367,89369,89371,89373,89375],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89337,106],{"class":105},[55,89339,109],{"class":91},[55,89341,228],{"class":69},[55,89343,12872],{"class":73},[55,89345,228],{"class":69},[55,89347,2764],{"class":91},[55,89349,70],{"class":69},[55,89351,17232],{"class":73},[55,89353,228],{"class":69},[55,89355,2764],{"class":91},[55,89357,70],{"class":69},[55,89359,705],{"class":73},[55,89361,228],{"class":69},[55,89363,2764],{"class":91},[55,89365,89366],{"class":8955}," sep",[55,89368,66],{"class":65},[55,89370,228],{"class":69},[55,89372,2764],{"class":73},[55,89374,228],{"class":69},[55,89376,342],{"class":91},[55,89378,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411,89413,89416,89418],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89380,106],{"class":105},[55,89382,109],{"class":91},[55,89384,228],{"class":69},[55,89386,12872],{"class":73},[55,89388,228],{"class":69},[55,89390,2764],{"class":91},[55,89392,70],{"class":69},[55,89394,17232],{"class":73},[55,89396,228],{"class":69},[55,89398,2764],{"class":91},[55,89400,70],{"class":69},[55,89402,705],{"class":73},[55,89404,228],{"class":69},[55,89406,2764],{"class":91},[55,89408,89366],{"class":8955},[55,89410,66],{"class":65},[55,89412,228],{"class":69},[55,89414,89415],{"class":73}," - ",[55,89417,228],{"class":69},[55,89419,342],{"class":91},[20,89421,357],{},[46,89423,89425],{"className":48,"code":89424,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89426,89427,89439],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89428,89429,89431,89433,89435,89437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89430,12872],{"class":61},[55,89432,2764],{"class":91},[55,89434,17232],{"class":61},[55,89436,2764],{"class":91},[55,89438,69754],{"class":61},[55,89440,89441,89444,89446,89449,89451],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89442,89443],{"class":61},"red ",[55,89445,1794],{"class":65},[55,89447,89448],{"class":61}," green ",[55,89450,1794],{"class":65},[55,89452,35651],{"class":61},[20,89454,89455,89457],{},[15,89456,89237],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89459,89460,89461,92],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[166,89462,89463],{"href":1680},"how to format strings in Python",[131,89465,89467,36386],{"id":89466},"end-argument",[15,89468,52431],{},[20,89470,89471,89472,89474,89475,89477],{},"By default, ",[15,89473,46222],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89476,46222],{}," starts on a new line.",[1003,89479,89278],{"id":89480},"default-behavior-1",[46,89482,89484],{"className":48,"code":89483,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89485,89486,89500],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89487,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89489,106],{"class":105},[55,89491,109],{"class":91},[55,89493,228],{"class":69},[55,89495,34637],{"class":73},[55,89497,228],{"class":69},[55,89499,342],{"class":91},[55,89501,89502,89504,89506,89508,89511,89513],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89503,106],{"class":105},[55,89505,109],{"class":91},[55,89507,228],{"class":69},[55,89509,89510],{"class":73},"World",[55,89512,228],{"class":69},[55,89514,342],{"class":91},[20,89516,357],{},[46,89518,89520],{"className":48,"code":89519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89521,89522,89526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89523,89524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89525,88721],{"class":61},[55,89527,89528],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89529,89530],{"class":61},"World\n",[1003,89532,89534],{"id":89533},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[46,89536,89538],{"className":48,"code":89537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89539,89540,89562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89541,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554,89556,89558,89560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89543,106],{"class":105},[55,89545,109],{"class":91},[55,89547,228],{"class":69},[55,89549,34637],{"class":73},[55,89551,228],{"class":69},[55,89553,2764],{"class":91},[55,89555,64813],{"class":8955},[55,89557,66],{"class":65},[55,89559,6058],{"class":69},[55,89561,342],{"class":91},[55,89563,89564,89566,89568,89570,89572,89574],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89565,106],{"class":105},[55,89567,109],{"class":91},[55,89569,228],{"class":69},[55,89571,89510],{"class":73},[55,89573,228],{"class":69},[55,89575,342],{"class":91},[20,89577,357],{},[46,89579,89581],{"className":48,"code":89580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89582,89583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89584,89585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89586,89580],{"class":61},[1003,89588,89590],{"id":89589},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[46,89592,89594],{"className":48,"code":89593,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89595,89596,89625],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89597,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89619,89621,89623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89599,106],{"class":105},[55,89601,109],{"class":91},[55,89603,228],{"class":69},[55,89605,34637],{"class":73},[55,89607,228],{"class":69},[55,89609,2764],{"class":91},[55,89611,64813],{"class":8955},[55,89613,66],{"class":65},[55,89615,228],{"class":69},[55,89617,89618],{"class":73},"!",[55,89620,86925],{"class":375},[55,89622,228],{"class":69},[55,89624,342],{"class":91},[55,89626,89627,89629,89631,89633,89635,89637],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89628,106],{"class":105},[55,89630,109],{"class":91},[55,89632,228],{"class":69},[55,89634,89510],{"class":73},[55,89636,228],{"class":69},[55,89638,342],{"class":91},[20,89640,357],{},[46,89642,89644],{"className":48,"code":89643,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89645,89646,89651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89647,89648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89649,89650],{"class":61},"Hello!\n",[55,89652,89653],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89654,89530],{"class":61},[20,89656,1750,89657,89659],{},[15,89658,52431],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89661,89662,89665,89668],{},[33,89663,89664],{},"progress messages",[33,89666,89667],{},"inline output",[33,89669,89670],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[131,89672,89674,2168,89676],{"id":89673},"print-returns-none",[15,89675,46222],{},[15,89677,3556],{},[20,89679,89680,89681,89683],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89682,46222],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89685,214],{},[46,89687,89689],{"className":48,"code":89688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89690,89691,89711],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89692,89693,89695,89697,89700,89702,89704,89707,89709],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89694,83],{"class":61},[55,89696,66],{"class":65},[55,89698,89699],{"class":105}," print",[55,89701,109],{"class":91},[55,89703,228],{"class":69},[55,89705,89706],{"class":73},"Hi",[55,89708,228],{"class":69},[55,89710,342],{"class":91},[55,89712,89713,89715,89717,89719],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89714,106],{"class":105},[55,89716,109],{"class":91},[55,89718,112],{"class":95},[55,89720,342],{"class":91},[20,89722,357],{},[46,89724,89726],{"className":48,"code":89725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89727,89728,89733],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89729,89730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89731,89732],{"class":61},"Hi\n",[55,89734,89735],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89736,11588],{"class":3631},[20,89738,89739],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89741,89742,89750,89755],{},[33,89743,89744,89747,89748],{},[15,89745,89746],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89749,89706],{},[33,89751,89752,89753],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89754,3556],{},[33,89756,89757,89758,11700,89760],{},"so ",[15,89759,112],{},[15,89761,3556],{},[20,89763,89764,89765,89767],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89766,46222],{}," call.",[46,89769,89771],{"className":48,"code":89770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89772,89773,89785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89774,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89776,758],{"class":61},[55,89778,66],{"class":65},[55,89780,70],{"class":69},[55,89782,89706],{"class":73},[55,89784,77],{"class":69},[55,89786,89787,89789,89791,89794],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89788,106],{"class":105},[55,89790,109],{"class":91},[55,89792,89793],{"class":95},"message",[55,89795,342],{"class":91},[20,89797,89798,89799,89801,89802,89806],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89800,46222],{}," with functions like ",[166,89803,89804],{"href":533},[15,89805,537],{},", which do return a value.",[131,89808,89810,89811],{"id":89809},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89812,46222],{},[20,89814,89815,89816,89818],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89817,46222],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89820,89821,89824,89827,89830],{},[33,89822,89823],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89825,89826],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89828,89829],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89831,89832],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89834,214],{},[46,89836,89838],{"className":48,"code":89837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89839,89840,89848,89852,89872,89883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89841,89842,89844,89846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89843,40956],{"class":61},[55,89845,66],{"class":65},[55,89847,38285],{"class":1210},[55,89849,89850],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89851,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,89853,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,89855,5743],{"class":487},[55,89857,6173],{"class":61},[55,89859,3662],{"class":487},[55,89861,53841],{"class":105},[55,89863,109],{"class":91},[55,89865,2761],{"class":1210},[55,89867,2764],{"class":91},[55,89869,2229],{"class":1210},[55,89871,8124],{"class":91},[55,89873,89874,89877,89880],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,89875,89876],{"class":61},"    total ",[55,89878,89879],{"class":65},"+=",[55,89881,89882],{"class":61}," number\n",[55,89884,89885,89887,89889,89891,89894,89896,89898,89900,89902,89904,89906,89908,89910,89912],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,89886,516],{"class":105},[55,89888,109],{"class":91},[55,89890,228],{"class":69},[55,89892,89893],{"class":73},"Current number:",[55,89895,228],{"class":69},[55,89897,2764],{"class":91},[55,89899,1971],{"class":95},[55,89901,2764],{"class":91},[55,89903,70],{"class":69},[55,89905,45333],{"class":73},[55,89907,228],{"class":69},[55,89909,2764],{"class":91},[55,89911,45340],{"class":95},[55,89913,342],{"class":91},[20,89915,357],{},[46,89917,89919],{"className":48,"code":89918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89920,89921,89937,89951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89922,89923,89926,89928,89930,89933,89935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89924,89925],{"class":61},"Current number",[55,89927,539],{"class":91},[55,89929,5282],{"class":1210},[55,89931,89932],{"class":61}," Total",[55,89934,539],{"class":91},[55,89936,29386],{"class":1210},[55,89938,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,89940,89925],{"class":61},[55,89942,539],{"class":91},[55,89944,2767],{"class":1210},[55,89946,89932],{"class":61},[55,89948,539],{"class":91},[55,89950,2350],{"class":1210},[55,89952,89953,89955,89957,89959,89961,89963],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,89954,89925],{"class":61},[55,89956,539],{"class":91},[55,89958,2223],{"class":1210},[55,89960,89932],{"class":61},[55,89962,539],{"class":91},[55,89964,89965],{"class":1210}," 6\n",[20,89967,89968,89969,92],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[166,89970,89972],{"href":89971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[131,89974,1001],{"id":1000},[20,89976,89977,89978,92],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89979,46222],{},[1003,89981,89983],{"id":89982},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89985,89986],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[46,89988,89990],{"className":48,"code":89989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89991,89992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89993,89994,89996,89998,90000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89995,106],{"class":105},[55,89997,109],{"class":91},[55,89999,34637],{"class":95},[55,90001,342],{"class":91},[20,90003,8654,90004,90006],{},[15,90005,34637],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90008,10588],{},[46,90010,90012],{"className":48,"code":90011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90013,90014],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90015,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90017,106],{"class":105},[55,90019,109],{"class":91},[55,90021,228],{"class":69},[55,90023,34637],{"class":73},[55,90025,228],{"class":69},[55,90027,342],{"class":91},[1003,90029,1185,90031,90033],{"id":90030},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90032,106],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90035,90036],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[46,90038,90040],{"className":48,"code":90039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90041,90042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90043,90044,90046,90048,90050],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90045,106],{"class":105},[55,90047,70],{"class":69},[55,90049,34637],{"class":73},[55,90051,77],{"class":69},[20,90053,10588],{},[46,90055,90056],{"className":48,"code":90011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,90057,90058],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90059,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068,90070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90061,106],{"class":105},[55,90063,109],{"class":91},[55,90065,228],{"class":69},[55,90067,34637],{"class":73},[55,90069,228],{"class":69},[55,90071,342],{"class":91},[1003,90073,90075,90076],{"id":90074},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90077,1832],{},[20,90079,90080,90081,92],{},"This causes a ",[15,90082,2780],{},[46,90084,90085],{"className":48,"code":89175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,90086,90087,90095],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90088,90089,90091,90093],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90090,21405],{"class":61},[55,90092,66],{"class":65},[55,90094,2360],{"class":1210},[55,90096,90097,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,90098,106],{"class":105},[55,90100,109],{"class":91},[55,90102,228],{"class":69},[55,90104,89196],{"class":73},[55,90106,228],{"class":69},[55,90108,2226],{"class":65},[55,90110,8968],{"class":95},[55,90112,342],{"class":91},[20,90114,90115],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[46,90117,90119],{"className":48,"code":90118,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90120,90121],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90122,90123,90125,90127,90129,90131,90133,90135,90137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90124,106],{"class":105},[55,90126,109],{"class":91},[55,90128,228],{"class":69},[55,90130,89097],{"class":73},[55,90132,228],{"class":69},[55,90134,2764],{"class":91},[55,90136,8968],{"class":95},[55,90138,342],{"class":91},[20,90140,90141],{},"Or convert the number first:",[46,90143,90145],{"className":48,"code":90144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90146,90147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90148,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90150,106],{"class":105},[55,90152,109],{"class":91},[55,90154,228],{"class":69},[55,90156,89196],{"class":73},[55,90158,228],{"class":69},[55,90160,2226],{"class":65},[55,90162,48675],{"class":1265},[55,90164,109],{"class":91},[55,90166,9079],{"class":95},[55,90168,1273],{"class":91},[20,90170,90171,90172,92],{},"If you see this error, read ",[166,90173,90175],{"href":90174},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1003,90177,8235,90179,90181],{"id":90178},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90180,46222],{}," to return a value",[20,90183,90184,90185,35100,90188,539],{},"This does not store ",[15,90186,90187],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90189,112],{},[46,90191,90193],{"className":48,"code":90192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90194,90195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90196,90197,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207,90209,90211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90198,83],{"class":61},[55,90200,66],{"class":65},[55,90202,89699],{"class":105},[55,90204,109],{"class":91},[55,90206,228],{"class":69},[55,90208,34637],{"class":73},[55,90210,228],{"class":69},[55,90212,342],{"class":91},[20,90214,90215,90216,92],{},"It stores ",[15,90217,3556],{},[1003,90219,90221,90222,1377,90224],{"id":90220},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90223,89237],{},[15,90225,52431],{},[20,90227,85584],{},[30,90229,90230,90239],{},[33,90231,90232,90234,90235,90238],{},[15,90233,89237],{}," changes what goes ",[123,90236,90237],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90240,90241,90243,90244,90247],{},[15,90242,52431],{}," changes what appears ",[123,90245,90246],{},"after"," the output",[131,90249,90251],{"id":90250},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90253,90254,90255,90257],{},"These simple ",[15,90256,46222],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[46,90259,90261],{"className":48,"code":90260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90262,90263,90283,90298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90264,90265,90267,90269,90271,90274,90276,90278,90281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90266,106],{"class":105},[55,90268,109],{"class":91},[55,90270,228],{"class":69},[55,90272,90273],{"class":73},"Debug:",[55,90275,228],{"class":69},[55,90277,2764],{"class":91},[55,90279,90280],{"class":95}," variable_name",[55,90282,342],{"class":91},[55,90284,90285,90287,90289,90291,90293,90296],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,90286,106],{"class":105},[55,90288,109],{"class":91},[55,90290,1266],{"class":1265},[55,90292,109],{"class":91},[55,90294,90295],{"class":95},"variable_name",[55,90297,1273],{"class":91},[55,90299,90300,90302,90304,90306],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,90301,31925],{"class":105},[55,90303,109],{"class":91},[55,90305,106],{"class":105},[55,90307,342],{"class":91},[20,90309,90310],{},"What they do:",[30,90312,90313,90319,90325],{},[33,90314,90315,90318],{},[15,90316,90317],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90320,90321,90324],{},[15,90322,90323],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90326,90327,90330,90331],{},[15,90328,90329],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90332,46222],{},[131,90334,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,90336,1581,90338,90340],{"id":90337},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90339,46222],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90342,90343,90344,90346,90347,36392],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90345,46222],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90348,52431],{},[1003,90350,4953,90352,90354],{"id":90351},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90353,46222],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90356,90357,90358,90360],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90359,46222],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1003,90362,4941,90364,4944,90367,1631],{"id":90363},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90365,90366],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90368,3556],{},[20,90370,1373,90371,90373],{},[15,90372,46222],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1003,90375,90377],{"id":90376},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90379,90380],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[46,90382,90384],{"className":48,"code":90383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90385,90386],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90387,90388,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398,90400,90402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90389,106],{"class":105},[55,90391,109],{"class":91},[55,90393,228],{"class":69},[55,90395,89097],{"class":73},[55,90397,228],{"class":69},[55,90399,2764],{"class":91},[55,90401,5790],{"class":1210},[55,90403,342],{"class":91},[20,90405,90406,90407,39702],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90408,47454],{},[1003,90410,1626,90412,1377,90414,1631],{"id":90411},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90413,89237],{},[15,90415,52431],{},[30,90417,90418,90423],{},[33,90419,90420,90422],{},[15,90421,89237],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90424,90425,90427],{},[15,90426,52431],{}," changes what appears after the output",[131,90429,1643],{"id":1642},[30,90431,90432,90436,90442,90448,90452,90457],{},[33,90433,90434],{},[166,90435,174],{"href":173},[33,90437,90438],{},[166,90439,1686,90440,1689],{"href":533},[15,90441,537],{},[33,90443,90444],{},[166,90445,1686,90446,1689],{"href":41948},[15,90447,47454],{},[33,90449,90450],{},[166,90451,1681],{"href":1680},[33,90453,90454],{},[166,90455,90456],{"href":89971},"How to debug Python code",[33,90458,90459],{},[166,90460,90175],{"href":90174},[1696,90462,90463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":90465},[90466,90467,90469,90470,90476,90477,90478,90483,90489,90491,90493,90504,90505,90516],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":88642,"depth":80,"text":90468},"What print() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":88877,"depth":80,"text":88878,"children":90471},[90472,90473,90474,90475],{"id":88886,"depth":102,"text":88887},{"id":88927,"depth":102,"text":88928},{"id":88959,"depth":102,"text":88960},{"id":88986,"depth":102,"text":88987},{"id":89028,"depth":80,"text":89029},{"id":89224,"depth":80,"text":89225},{"id":89264,"depth":80,"text":90479,"children":90480},"sep argument",[90481,90482],{"id":89277,"depth":102,"text":89278},{"id":89327,"depth":102,"text":89328},{"id":89466,"depth":80,"text":90484,"children":90485},"end argument",[90486,90487,90488],{"id":89480,"depth":102,"text":89278},{"id":89533,"depth":102,"text":89534},{"id":89589,"depth":102,"text":89590},{"id":89673,"depth":80,"text":90490},"print() returns None",{"id":89809,"depth":80,"text":90492},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":90494},[90495,90496,90498,90500,90502],{"id":89982,"depth":102,"text":89983},{"id":90030,"depth":102,"text":90497},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90074,"depth":102,"text":90499},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90178,"depth":102,"text":90501},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90220,"depth":102,"text":90503},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90250,"depth":80,"text":90251},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":90506},[90507,90509,90511,90513,90514],{"id":90337,"depth":102,"text":90508},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90351,"depth":102,"text":90510},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90363,"depth":102,"text":90512},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90376,"depth":102,"text":90377},{"id":90411,"depth":102,"text":90515},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88525,"description":90517},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90524,"title":90525,"body":90526,"description":92830,"extension":1733,"meta":92831,"navigation":248,"path":92832,"seo":92833,"stem":92834,"__hash__":92835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90527,"toc":92776},[90528,90533,90538,90551,90553,90618,90629,90634,90639,90641,90664,90667,90698,90700,90717,90722,90728,90733,90782,90785,90802,90808,90813,90836,90838,90866,90872,90880,90907,90909,90934,90940,90943,90974,90976,91005,91009,91012,91017,91039,91041,91069,91075,91081,91107,91109,91133,91139,91145,91175,91177,91205,91215,91219,91225,91258,91260,91289,91292,91295,91328,91330,91338,91344,91346,91369,91374,91383,91388,91402,91404,91444,91446,91476,91480,91515,91521,91525,91569,91571,91601,91607,91610,91689,91691,91713,91721,91724,91787,91795,91870,91876,91883,91888,91893,91916,91918,91939,91941,91954,91956,92003,92005,92044,92053,92055,92059,92063,92066,92093,92096,92125,92128,92152,92155,92163,92169,92191,92193,92221,92225,92230,92285,92290,92292,92349,92356,92365,92368,92400,92402,92410,92413,92419,92421,92444,92447,92453,92456,92475,92477,92496,92499,92521,92523,92551,92555,92559,92664,92666,92679,92681,92687,92690,92698,92703,92709,92715,92720,92728,92734,92741,92743,92773],[10,90529,1686,90531,3355],{"id":90530},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90532,35968],{},[20,90534,32090,90535,90537],{},[15,90536,35968],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90539,90540,90541,90543,90544,90546,90547,90550],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90542,5743],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90545,35968],{}," stops ",[123,90548,90549],{},"before"," the end value.",[131,90552,1775],{"id":1774},[46,90554,90556],{"className":48,"code":90555,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90557,90558,90574,90584,90588,90593,90598,90603,90608,90613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90559,90560,90562,90564,90566,90568,90570,90572],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90561,5743],{"class":487},[55,90563,69321],{"class":61},[55,90565,3662],{"class":487},[55,90567,53841],{"class":105},[55,90569,109],{"class":91},[55,90571,1911],{"class":1210},[55,90573,8124],{"class":91},[55,90575,90576,90578,90580,90582],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,90577,516],{"class":105},[55,90579,109],{"class":91},[55,90581,35924],{"class":95},[55,90583,342],{"class":91},[55,90585,90586],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,90587,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,90589,90590],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,90591,90592],{"class":118},"# Output:\n",[55,90594,90595],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,90596,90597],{"class":118},"# 0\n",[55,90599,90600],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,90601,90602],{"class":118},"# 1\n",[55,90604,90605],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,90606,90607],{"class":118},"# 2\n",[55,90609,90610],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,90611,90612],{"class":118},"# 3\n",[55,90614,90615],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,90616,90617],{"class":118},"# 4\n",[20,90619,90620,90623,90624,90626,90627,92],{},[15,90621,90622],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90625,1894],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90628,1911],{},[131,90630,134,90632,137],{"id":90631},"what-range-does",[15,90633,35968],{},[20,90635,90636,90638],{},[15,90637,35968],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90640,145],{},[30,90642,90643,90648,90654,90659],{},[33,90644,90645,90647],{},[15,90646,35968],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90649,90650,90651,90653],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90652,5743],{}," loops",[33,90655,90656,90657],{},"The stop value is ",[123,90658,64842],{},[33,90660,17198,90661,90663],{},[15,90662,59771],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90665,90666],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[46,90668,90670],{"className":48,"code":90669,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90671,90672,90688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90673,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90675,5743],{"class":487},[55,90677,6173],{"class":61},[55,90679,3662],{"class":487},[55,90681,53841],{"class":105},[55,90683,109],{"class":91},[55,90685,1835],{"class":1210},[55,90687,8124],{"class":91},[55,90689,90690,90692,90694,90696],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,90691,516],{"class":105},[55,90693,109],{"class":91},[55,90695,1220],{"class":95},[55,90697,342],{"class":91},[20,90699,357],{},[46,90701,90703],{"className":48,"code":90702,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90704,90705,90709,90713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90706,90707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90708,47022],{"class":1210},[55,90710,90711],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,90712,46687],{"class":1210},[55,90714,90715],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,90716,16834],{"class":1210},[20,90718,90719,90720,92],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[166,90721,35798],{"href":35797},[131,90723,90725,90727],{"id":90724},"range-syntax",[15,90726,35968],{}," syntax",[20,90729,90730,90732],{},[15,90731,35968],{}," has three common forms:",[46,90734,90736],{"className":48,"code":90735,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90737,90738,90748,90763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90739,90740,90742,90744,90746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90741,59771],{"class":105},[55,90743,109],{"class":91},[55,90745,75199],{"class":95},[55,90747,342],{"class":91},[55,90749,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90761],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,90751,59771],{"class":105},[55,90753,109],{"class":91},[55,90755,35842],{"class":95},[55,90757,2764],{"class":91},[55,90759,90760],{"class":95}," stop",[55,90762,342],{"class":91},[55,90764,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90780],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,90766,59771],{"class":105},[55,90768,109],{"class":91},[55,90770,35842],{"class":95},[55,90772,2764],{"class":91},[55,90774,90760],{"class":95},[55,90776,2764],{"class":91},[55,90778,90779],{"class":95}," step",[55,90781,342],{"class":91},[20,90783,90784],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90786,90787,90792,90797],{},[33,90788,90789,90791],{},[15,90790,35842],{}," = first number",[33,90793,90794,90796],{},[15,90795,75199],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90798,90799,90801],{},[15,90800,75202],{}," = amount to move each time",[1003,90803,90805],{"id":90804},"rangestop",[15,90806,90807],{},"range(stop)",[20,90809,90810,90811,92],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90812,1894],{},[46,90814,90816],{"className":48,"code":90815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90817,90818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90819,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90821,106],{"class":105},[55,90823,109],{"class":91},[55,90825,7877],{"class":1265},[55,90827,109],{"class":91},[55,90829,59771],{"class":105},[55,90831,109],{"class":91},[55,90833,1911],{"class":1210},[55,90835,2685],{"class":91},[20,90837,357],{},[46,90839,90840],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,90841,90842],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90843,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90845,3680],{"class":91},[55,90847,1894],{"class":1210},[55,90849,2764],{"class":91},[55,90851,5282],{"class":1210},[55,90853,2764],{"class":91},[55,90855,2767],{"class":1210},[55,90857,2764],{"class":91},[55,90859,2223],{"class":1210},[55,90861,2764],{"class":91},[55,90863,2229],{"class":1210},[55,90865,3413],{"class":91},[1003,90867,90869],{"id":90868},"rangestart-stop",[15,90870,90871],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90873,90874,90875,90877,90878,92],{},"This starts at ",[15,90876,35842],{}," and stops before ",[15,90879,75199],{},[46,90881,90883],{"className":48,"code":90882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90884,90885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90886,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90888,106],{"class":105},[55,90890,109],{"class":91},[55,90892,7877],{"class":1265},[55,90894,109],{"class":91},[55,90896,59771],{"class":105},[55,90898,109],{"class":91},[55,90900,1829],{"class":1210},[55,90902,2764],{"class":91},[55,90904,37415],{"class":1210},[55,90906,2685],{"class":91},[20,90908,357],{},[46,90910,90912],{"className":48,"code":90911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90913,90914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90915,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90917,3680],{"class":91},[55,90919,1829],{"class":1210},[55,90921,2764],{"class":91},[55,90923,2223],{"class":1210},[55,90925,2764],{"class":91},[55,90927,2229],{"class":1210},[55,90929,2764],{"class":91},[55,90931,4388],{"class":1210},[55,90933,3413],{"class":91},[1003,90935,90937],{"id":90936},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90938,90939],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90941,90942],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[46,90944,90946],{"className":48,"code":90945,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90947,90948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90949,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90951,106],{"class":105},[55,90953,109],{"class":91},[55,90955,7877],{"class":1265},[55,90957,109],{"class":91},[55,90959,59771],{"class":105},[55,90961,109],{"class":91},[55,90963,2761],{"class":1210},[55,90965,2764],{"class":91},[55,90967,5790],{"class":1210},[55,90969,2764],{"class":91},[55,90971,2767],{"class":1210},[55,90973,2685],{"class":91},[20,90975,357],{},[46,90977,90979],{"className":48,"code":90978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90980,90981],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90982,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90984,3680],{"class":91},[55,90986,2761],{"class":1210},[55,90988,2764],{"class":91},[55,90990,2223],{"class":1210},[55,90992,2764],{"class":91},[55,90994,4388],{"class":1210},[55,90996,2764],{"class":91},[55,90998,5779],{"class":1210},[55,91000,2764],{"class":91},[55,91002,53907],{"class":1210},[55,91004,3413],{"class":91},[131,91006,91008],{"id":91007},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91010,91011],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1003,91013,91015],{"id":91014},"range5",[15,91016,90622],{},[46,91018,91019],{"className":48,"code":90815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91020,91021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91022,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91024,106],{"class":105},[55,91026,109],{"class":91},[55,91028,7877],{"class":1265},[55,91030,109],{"class":91},[55,91032,59771],{"class":105},[55,91034,109],{"class":91},[55,91036,1911],{"class":1210},[55,91038,2685],{"class":91},[20,91040,357],{},[46,91042,91043],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91044,91045],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91046,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91048,3680],{"class":91},[55,91050,1894],{"class":1210},[55,91052,2764],{"class":91},[55,91054,5282],{"class":1210},[55,91056,2764],{"class":91},[55,91058,2767],{"class":1210},[55,91060,2764],{"class":91},[55,91062,2223],{"class":1210},[55,91064,2764],{"class":91},[55,91066,2229],{"class":1210},[55,91068,3413],{"class":91},[20,91070,90874,91071,90877,91073,92],{},[15,91072,1894],{},[15,91074,1911],{},[1003,91076,91078],{"id":91077},"range2-6",[15,91079,91080],{},"range(2, 6)",[46,91082,91083],{"className":48,"code":90882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91084,91085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91086,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91088,106],{"class":105},[55,91090,109],{"class":91},[55,91092,7877],{"class":1265},[55,91094,109],{"class":91},[55,91096,59771],{"class":105},[55,91098,109],{"class":91},[55,91100,1829],{"class":1210},[55,91102,2764],{"class":91},[55,91104,37415],{"class":1210},[55,91106,2685],{"class":91},[20,91108,357],{},[46,91110,91111],{"className":48,"code":90911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91112,91113],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91114,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91116,3680],{"class":91},[55,91118,1829],{"class":1210},[55,91120,2764],{"class":91},[55,91122,2223],{"class":1210},[55,91124,2764],{"class":91},[55,91126,2229],{"class":1210},[55,91128,2764],{"class":91},[55,91130,4388],{"class":1210},[55,91132,3413],{"class":91},[20,91134,90874,91135,90877,91137,92],{},[15,91136,1829],{},[15,91138,80367],{},[1003,91140,91142],{"id":91141},"range1-10-2",[15,91143,91144],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[46,91146,91147],{"className":48,"code":90945,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91148,91149],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91150,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91152,106],{"class":105},[55,91154,109],{"class":91},[55,91156,7877],{"class":1265},[55,91158,109],{"class":91},[55,91160,59771],{"class":105},[55,91162,109],{"class":91},[55,91164,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91166,2764],{"class":91},[55,91168,5790],{"class":1210},[55,91170,2764],{"class":91},[55,91172,2767],{"class":1210},[55,91174,2685],{"class":91},[20,91176,357],{},[46,91178,91179],{"className":48,"code":90978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91180,91181],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91182,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91184,3680],{"class":91},[55,91186,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91188,2764],{"class":91},[55,91190,2223],{"class":1210},[55,91192,2764],{"class":91},[55,91194,4388],{"class":1210},[55,91196,2764],{"class":91},[55,91198,5779],{"class":1210},[55,91200,2764],{"class":91},[55,91202,53907],{"class":1210},[55,91204,3413],{"class":91},[20,91206,91207,91208,91210,91211,61073,91213,92],{},"This moves by ",[15,91209,1829],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91212,2761],{},[15,91214,1919],{},[1003,91216,91218],{"id":91217},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91220,91221,91222,91224],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91223,35968],{}," count backward.",[46,91226,91228],{"className":48,"code":91227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91229,91230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91231,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91233,106],{"class":105},[55,91235,109],{"class":91},[55,91237,7877],{"class":1265},[55,91239,109],{"class":91},[55,91241,59771],{"class":105},[55,91243,109],{"class":91},[55,91245,1911],{"class":1210},[55,91247,2764],{"class":91},[55,91249,3612],{"class":1210},[55,91251,2764],{"class":91},[55,91253,1995],{"class":65},[55,91255,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91257,2685],{"class":91},[20,91259,357],{},[46,91261,91263],{"className":48,"code":91262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91264,91265],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91266,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91268,3680],{"class":91},[55,91270,1911],{"class":1210},[55,91272,2764],{"class":91},[55,91274,2229],{"class":1210},[55,91276,2764],{"class":91},[55,91278,2223],{"class":1210},[55,91280,2764],{"class":91},[55,91282,2767],{"class":1210},[55,91284,2764],{"class":91},[55,91286,5282],{"class":1210},[55,91288,3413],{"class":91},[20,91290,91291],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91293,91294],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[46,91296,91298],{"className":48,"code":91297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91299,91300],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91301,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91303,106],{"class":105},[55,91305,109],{"class":91},[55,91307,7877],{"class":1265},[55,91309,109],{"class":91},[55,91311,59771],{"class":105},[55,91313,109],{"class":91},[55,91315,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91317,2764],{"class":91},[55,91319,4388],{"class":1210},[55,91321,2764],{"class":91},[55,91323,1995],{"class":65},[55,91325,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91327,2685],{"class":91},[20,91329,357],{},[46,91331,91332],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91333,91334],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91335,91336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91337,38069],{"class":91},[1003,91339,91340,76362,91342],{"id":76586},[15,91341,75202],{},[15,91343,1894],{},[20,91345,2609],{},[46,91347,91349],{"className":48,"code":91348,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91350,91351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91352,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91354,59771],{"class":105},[55,91356,109],{"class":91},[55,91358,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91360,2764],{"class":91},[55,91362,4388],{"class":1210},[55,91364,2764],{"class":91},[55,91366,3612],{"class":1210},[55,91368,342],{"class":91},[20,91370,76631,91371,91373],{},[15,91372,40477],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[131,91375,1185,91377,91379,91380,91382],{"id":91376},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91378,35968],{}," in a ",[15,91381,5743],{}," loop",[20,91384,91385,91387],{},[15,91386,35968],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91389,91390,91393,91396],{},[33,91391,91392],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91394,91395],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91397,91398,91399],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91400,91401],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91403,214],{},[46,91405,91407],{"className":48,"code":91406,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91408,91409,91425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91410,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91412,5743],{"class":487},[55,91414,69321],{"class":61},[55,91416,3662],{"class":487},[55,91418,53841],{"class":105},[55,91420,109],{"class":91},[55,91422,1835],{"class":1210},[55,91424,8124],{"class":91},[55,91426,91427,91429,91431,91433,91436,91438,91440,91442],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91428,516],{"class":105},[55,91430,109],{"class":91},[55,91432,228],{"class":69},[55,91434,91435],{"class":73},"Loop number:",[55,91437,228],{"class":69},[55,91439,2764],{"class":91},[55,91441,35899],{"class":95},[55,91443,342],{"class":91},[20,91445,357],{},[46,91447,91449],{"className":48,"code":91448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91450,91451,91460,91468],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91452,91453,91456,91458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91454,91455],{"class":61},"Loop number",[55,91457,539],{"class":91},[55,91459,38285],{"class":1210},[55,91461,91462,91464,91466],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91463,91455],{"class":61},[55,91465,539],{"class":91},[55,91467,29386],{"class":1210},[55,91469,91470,91472,91474],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,91471,91455],{"class":61},[55,91473,539],{"class":91},[55,91475,45359],{"class":1210},[1003,91477,91479],{"id":91478},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[46,91481,91483],{"className":48,"code":91482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91484,91485,91501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91486,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91488,5743],{"class":487},[55,91490,69321],{"class":61},[55,91492,3662],{"class":487},[55,91494,53841],{"class":105},[55,91496,109],{"class":91},[55,91498,1911],{"class":1210},[55,91500,8124],{"class":91},[55,91502,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91504,516],{"class":105},[55,91506,109],{"class":91},[55,91508,228],{"class":69},[55,91510,34637],{"class":73},[55,91512,228],{"class":69},[55,91514,342],{"class":91},[20,91516,91517,91518,91520],{},"This prints ",[15,91519,90187],{}," five times.",[1003,91522,91524],{"id":91523},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[46,91526,91528],{"className":48,"code":91527,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91529,91530,91550],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91531,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91533,5743],{"class":487},[55,91535,69321],{"class":61},[55,91537,3662],{"class":487},[55,91539,53841],{"class":105},[55,91541,109],{"class":91},[55,91543,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91545,2764],{"class":91},[55,91547,2229],{"class":1210},[55,91549,8124],{"class":91},[55,91551,91552,91554,91556,91558,91561,91563,91565,91567],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91553,516],{"class":105},[55,91555,109],{"class":91},[55,91557,228],{"class":69},[55,91559,91560],{"class":73},"Current number is",[55,91562,228],{"class":69},[55,91564,2764],{"class":91},[55,91566,35899],{"class":95},[55,91568,342],{"class":91},[20,91570,357],{},[46,91572,91574],{"className":48,"code":91573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91575,91576,91585,91593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91577,91578,91581,91583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91579,91580],{"class":61},"Current number ",[55,91582,11974],{"class":65},[55,91584,29386],{"class":1210},[55,91586,91587,91589,91591],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91588,91580],{"class":61},[55,91590,11974],{"class":65},[55,91592,45359],{"class":1210},[55,91594,91595,91597,91599],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,91596,91580],{"class":61},[55,91598,11974],{"class":65},[55,91600,2350],{"class":1210},[1003,91602,91604,91606],{"id":91603},"range-and-indexing",[15,91605,35968],{}," and indexing",[20,91608,91609],{},"You may see code like this:",[46,91611,91613],{"className":48,"code":91612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91614,91615,91647,91651,91671],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91616,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91618,7563],{"class":61},[55,91620,66],{"class":65},[55,91622,3400],{"class":91},[55,91624,228],{"class":69},[55,91626,166],{"class":73},[55,91628,228],{"class":69},[55,91630,2764],{"class":91},[55,91632,70],{"class":69},[55,91634,4543],{"class":73},[55,91636,228],{"class":69},[55,91638,2764],{"class":91},[55,91640,70],{"class":69},[55,91642,9520],{"class":73},[55,91644,228],{"class":69},[55,91646,3413],{"class":91},[55,91648,91649],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91650,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,91652,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667,91669],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,91654,5743],{"class":487},[55,91656,69321],{"class":61},[55,91658,3662],{"class":487},[55,91660,53841],{"class":105},[55,91662,109],{"class":91},[55,91664,10942],{"class":105},[55,91666,109],{"class":91},[55,91668,7594],{"class":95},[55,91670,69336],{"class":91},[55,91672,91673,91675,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685,91687],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,91674,516],{"class":105},[55,91676,109],{"class":91},[55,91678,35924],{"class":95},[55,91680,2764],{"class":91},[55,91682,5751],{"class":95},[55,91684,3680],{"class":91},[55,91686,35924],{"class":95},[55,91688,3668],{"class":91},[20,91690,357],{},[46,91692,91693],{"className":48,"code":35936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,91694,91695,91701,91707],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91696,91697,91699],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91698,1894],{"class":1210},[55,91700,35945],{"class":61},[55,91702,91703,91705],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91704,2761],{"class":1210},[55,91706,35952],{"class":61},[55,91708,91709,91711],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,91710,1829],{"class":1210},[55,91712,35959],{"class":61},[20,91714,91715,91716,91720],{},"This works, and it uses ",[166,91717,91718],{"href":42131},[15,91719,42134],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91722,91723],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[46,91725,91727],{"className":48,"code":91726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91728,91729,91761,91765,91777],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91730,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91732,7563],{"class":61},[55,91734,66],{"class":65},[55,91736,3400],{"class":91},[55,91738,228],{"class":69},[55,91740,166],{"class":73},[55,91742,228],{"class":69},[55,91744,2764],{"class":91},[55,91746,70],{"class":69},[55,91748,4543],{"class":73},[55,91750,228],{"class":69},[55,91752,2764],{"class":91},[55,91754,70],{"class":69},[55,91756,9520],{"class":73},[55,91758,228],{"class":69},[55,91760,3413],{"class":91},[55,91762,91763],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91764,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,91766,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,91768,5743],{"class":487},[55,91770,5746],{"class":61},[55,91772,3662],{"class":487},[55,91774,5751],{"class":61},[55,91776,511],{"class":91},[55,91778,91779,91781,91783,91785],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,91780,516],{"class":105},[55,91782,109],{"class":91},[55,91784,23087],{"class":95},[55,91786,342],{"class":91},[20,91788,36363,91789,91794],{},[166,91790,91792],{"href":91791},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91793,35520],{}," is usually a better choice:",[46,91796,91798],{"className":48,"code":91797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91799,91800,91832,91836,91856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91801,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91803,7563],{"class":61},[55,91805,66],{"class":65},[55,91807,3400],{"class":91},[55,91809,228],{"class":69},[55,91811,166],{"class":73},[55,91813,228],{"class":69},[55,91815,2764],{"class":91},[55,91817,70],{"class":69},[55,91819,4543],{"class":73},[55,91821,228],{"class":69},[55,91823,2764],{"class":91},[55,91825,70],{"class":69},[55,91827,9520],{"class":73},[55,91829,228],{"class":69},[55,91831,3413],{"class":91},[55,91833,91834],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91835,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,91837,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,91839,5743],{"class":487},[55,91841,35592],{"class":61},[55,91843,2764],{"class":91},[55,91845,5746],{"class":61},[55,91847,3662],{"class":487},[55,91849,35602],{"class":105},[55,91851,109],{"class":91},[55,91853,7594],{"class":95},[55,91855,8124],{"class":91},[55,91857,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,91859,516],{"class":105},[55,91861,109],{"class":91},[55,91863,35617],{"class":95},[55,91865,2764],{"class":91},[55,91867,29278],{"class":95},[55,91869,342],{"class":91},[20,91871,78891,91872,92],{},[166,91873,36376,91874,36379],{"href":36375},[15,91875,35520],{},[131,91877,91879,91880,91882],{"id":91878},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91881,35968],{}," to a list",[20,91884,91885,91887],{},[15,91886,35968],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91889,91890,91891,539],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91892,24555],{},[46,91894,91896],{"className":48,"code":91895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91897,91898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91899,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91901,106],{"class":105},[55,91903,109],{"class":91},[55,91905,7877],{"class":1265},[55,91907,109],{"class":91},[55,91909,59771],{"class":105},[55,91911,109],{"class":91},[55,91913,1835],{"class":1210},[55,91915,2685],{"class":91},[20,91917,357],{},[46,91919,91921],{"className":48,"code":91920,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91922,91923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91924,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91926,3680],{"class":91},[55,91928,1894],{"class":1210},[55,91930,2764],{"class":91},[55,91932,5282],{"class":1210},[55,91934,2764],{"class":91},[55,91936,2767],{"class":1210},[55,91938,3413],{"class":91},[20,91940,33085],{},[30,91942,91943,91948,91951],{},[33,91944,91945,91946,41858],{},"learning how ",[15,91947,35968],{},[33,91949,91950],{},"checking your values",[33,91952,91953],{},"debugging code",[20,91955,5256],{},[46,91957,91959],{"className":48,"code":91958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91960,91961,91975,91979,91989],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91962,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91964,3395],{"class":61},[55,91966,66],{"class":65},[55,91968,53841],{"class":105},[55,91970,109],{"class":91},[55,91972,2277],{"class":1210},[55,91974,342],{"class":91},[55,91976,91977],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,91978,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,91980,91981,91983,91985,91987],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,91982,106],{"class":105},[55,91984,109],{"class":91},[55,91986,3427],{"class":95},[55,91988,342],{"class":91},[55,91990,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,91992,106],{"class":105},[55,91994,109],{"class":91},[55,91996,7877],{"class":1265},[55,91998,109],{"class":91},[55,92000,3427],{"class":95},[55,92002,1273],{"class":91},[20,92004,357],{},[46,92006,92008],{"className":48,"code":92007,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92009,92010,92024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92011,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92013,59771],{"class":105},[55,92015,109],{"class":91},[55,92017,1894],{"class":1210},[55,92019,2764],{"class":91},[55,92021,2229],{"class":1210},[55,92023,342],{"class":91},[55,92025,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,92027,3680],{"class":91},[55,92029,1894],{"class":1210},[55,92031,2764],{"class":91},[55,92033,5282],{"class":1210},[55,92035,2764],{"class":91},[55,92037,2767],{"class":1210},[55,92039,2764],{"class":91},[55,92041,2223],{"class":1210},[55,92043,3413],{"class":91},[20,92045,92046,92047,1477,92049,92052],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92048,59771],{},[15,92050,92051],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[131,92054,4301],{"id":4300},[20,92056,33314,92057,92],{},[15,92058,35968],{},[1003,92060,92062],{"id":92061},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92064,92065],{},"Many beginners think this:",[46,92067,92069],{"className":48,"code":92068,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92070,92071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92072,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92074,106],{"class":105},[55,92076,109],{"class":91},[55,92078,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92080,109],{"class":91},[55,92082,59771],{"class":105},[55,92084,109],{"class":91},[55,92086,2761],{"class":1210},[55,92088,2764],{"class":91},[55,92090,4388],{"class":1210},[55,92092,2685],{"class":91},[20,92094,92095],{},"will produce:",[46,92097,92099],{"className":48,"code":92098,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92100,92101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92102,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92104,3680],{"class":91},[55,92106,2761],{"class":1210},[55,92108,2764],{"class":91},[55,92110,2767],{"class":1210},[55,92112,2764],{"class":91},[55,92114,2223],{"class":1210},[55,92116,2764],{"class":91},[55,92118,2229],{"class":1210},[55,92120,2764],{"class":91},[55,92122,4388],{"class":1210},[55,92124,3413],{"class":91},[20,92126,92127],{},"But the real output is:",[46,92129,92130],{"className":48,"code":53276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92131,92132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92133,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92135,3680],{"class":91},[55,92137,2761],{"class":1210},[55,92139,2764],{"class":91},[55,92141,2767],{"class":1210},[55,92143,2764],{"class":91},[55,92145,2223],{"class":1210},[55,92147,2764],{"class":91},[55,92149,2229],{"class":1210},[55,92151,3413],{"class":91},[20,92153,92154],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1003,92156,4362,92158,92160,92161],{"id":92157},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92159,90622],{}," starts at ",[15,92162,2761],{},[20,92164,37239,92165,18741,92167,92],{},[15,92166,1894],{},[15,92168,2761],{},[46,92170,92171],{"className":48,"code":90815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92172,92173],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92174,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92176,106],{"class":105},[55,92178,109],{"class":91},[55,92180,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92182,109],{"class":91},[55,92184,59771],{"class":105},[55,92186,109],{"class":91},[55,92188,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92190,2685],{"class":91},[20,92192,357],{},[46,92194,92195],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92196,92197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92198,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92200,3680],{"class":91},[55,92202,1894],{"class":1210},[55,92204,2764],{"class":91},[55,92206,5282],{"class":1210},[55,92208,2764],{"class":91},[55,92210,2767],{"class":1210},[55,92212,2764],{"class":91},[55,92214,2223],{"class":1210},[55,92216,2764],{"class":91},[55,92218,2229],{"class":1210},[55,92220,3413],{"class":91},[1003,92222,92224],{"id":92223},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92226,92227,92228,539],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92229,537],{},[46,92231,92233],{"className":48,"code":92232,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92234,92235,92254,92258,92275],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92236,92237,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92238,92239],{"class":61},"user_number ",[55,92241,66],{"class":65},[55,92243,553],{"class":105},[55,92245,109],{"class":91},[55,92247,228],{"class":69},[55,92249,41644],{"class":73},[55,92251,228],{"class":69},[55,92253,342],{"class":91},[55,92255,92256],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,92257,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,92259,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92273],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,92261,5743],{"class":487},[55,92263,69321],{"class":61},[55,92265,3662],{"class":487},[55,92267,53841],{"class":105},[55,92269,109],{"class":91},[55,92271,92272],{"class":95},"user_number",[55,92274,8124],{"class":91},[55,92276,92277,92279,92281,92283],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,92278,516],{"class":105},[55,92280,109],{"class":91},[55,92282,35924],{"class":95},[55,92284,342],{"class":91},[20,92286,48281,92287,92289],{},[15,92288,537],{}," returns a string.",[20,92291,10588],{},[46,92293,92295],{"className":48,"code":92294,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92296,92297,92319,92323,92339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92298,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315,92317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92300,92239],{"class":61},[55,92302,66],{"class":65},[55,92304,45046],{"class":1265},[55,92306,109],{"class":91},[55,92308,42236],{"class":105},[55,92310,109],{"class":91},[55,92312,228],{"class":69},[55,92314,41644],{"class":73},[55,92316,228],{"class":69},[55,92318,1273],{"class":91},[55,92320,92321],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,92322,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,92324,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,92326,5743],{"class":487},[55,92328,69321],{"class":61},[55,92330,3662],{"class":487},[55,92332,53841],{"class":105},[55,92334,109],{"class":91},[55,92336,92272],{"class":95},[55,92338,8124],{"class":91},[55,92340,92341,92343,92345,92347],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,92342,516],{"class":105},[55,92344,109],{"class":91},[55,92346,35924],{"class":95},[55,92348,342],{"class":91},[20,92350,92351,92352,92],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[166,92353,50295,92354],{"href":50294},[15,92355,50298],{},[1003,92357,92359,92360,92362,92363],{"id":92358},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92361,35842],{}," smaller than ",[15,92364,75199],{},[20,92366,92367],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[46,92369,92370],{"className":48,"code":91297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92371,92372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92373,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92375,106],{"class":105},[55,92377,109],{"class":91},[55,92379,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92381,109],{"class":91},[55,92383,59771],{"class":105},[55,92385,109],{"class":91},[55,92387,2761],{"class":1210},[55,92389,2764],{"class":91},[55,92391,4388],{"class":1210},[55,92393,2764],{"class":91},[55,92395,1995],{"class":65},[55,92397,2761],{"class":1210},[55,92399,2685],{"class":91},[20,92401,357],{},[46,92403,92404],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92405,92406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92407,92408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92409,38069],{"class":91},[20,92411,92412],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1003,92414,25391,92416],{"id":92415},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92417,92418],{},"step = 0",[20,92420,77342],{},[46,92422,92424],{"className":48,"code":92423,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92425,92426],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92427,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92429,59771],{"class":105},[55,92431,109],{"class":91},[55,92433,2761],{"class":1210},[55,92435,2764],{"class":91},[55,92437,5790],{"class":1210},[55,92439,2764],{"class":91},[55,92441,3612],{"class":1210},[55,92443,342],{"class":91},[20,92445,92446],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1003,92448,4486,92450,92452],{"id":92449},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92451,35968],{}," is not a list",[20,92454,92455],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[46,92457,92459],{"className":48,"code":92458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92460,92461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92462,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92464,106],{"class":105},[55,92466,109],{"class":91},[55,92468,59771],{"class":105},[55,92470,109],{"class":91},[55,92472,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92474,1273],{"class":91},[20,92476,357],{},[46,92478,92480],{"className":48,"code":92479,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92481,92482],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92483,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92485,59771],{"class":105},[55,92487,109],{"class":91},[55,92489,1894],{"class":1210},[55,92491,2764],{"class":91},[55,92493,4388],{"class":1210},[55,92495,342],{"class":91},[20,92497,92498],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[46,92500,92501],{"className":48,"code":90815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92502,92503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92504,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92506,106],{"class":105},[55,92508,109],{"class":91},[55,92510,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92512,109],{"class":91},[55,92514,59771],{"class":105},[55,92516,109],{"class":91},[55,92518,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92520,2685],{"class":91},[20,92522,357],{},[46,92524,92525],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,92526,92527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92528,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92530,3680],{"class":91},[55,92532,1894],{"class":1210},[55,92534,2764],{"class":91},[55,92536,5282],{"class":1210},[55,92538,2764],{"class":91},[55,92540,2767],{"class":1210},[55,92542,2764],{"class":91},[55,92544,2223],{"class":1210},[55,92546,2764],{"class":91},[55,92548,2229],{"class":1210},[55,92550,3413],{"class":91},[131,92552,92554],{"id":92553},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92556,8654,92557,82113],{},[15,92558,35968],{},[46,92560,92562],{"className":48,"code":92561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92563,92564,92578,92596,92618,92646],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92565,92566,92568,92570,92572,92574,92576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92567,106],{"class":105},[55,92569,109],{"class":91},[55,92571,59771],{"class":105},[55,92573,109],{"class":91},[55,92575,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92577,1273],{"class":91},[55,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,92581,106],{"class":105},[55,92583,109],{"class":91},[55,92585,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92587,109],{"class":91},[55,92589,59771],{"class":105},[55,92591,109],{"class":91},[55,92593,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92595,2685],{"class":91},[55,92597,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,92599,106],{"class":105},[55,92601,109],{"class":91},[55,92603,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92605,109],{"class":91},[55,92607,59771],{"class":105},[55,92609,109],{"class":91},[55,92611,1829],{"class":1210},[55,92613,2764],{"class":91},[55,92615,6146],{"class":1210},[55,92617,2685],{"class":91},[55,92619,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,92621,106],{"class":105},[55,92623,109],{"class":91},[55,92625,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92627,109],{"class":91},[55,92629,59771],{"class":105},[55,92631,109],{"class":91},[55,92633,2101],{"class":1210},[55,92635,2764],{"class":91},[55,92637,3612],{"class":1210},[55,92639,2764],{"class":91},[55,92641,1995],{"class":65},[55,92643,1829],{"class":1210},[55,92645,2685],{"class":91},[55,92647,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,92649,106],{"class":105},[55,92651,109],{"class":91},[55,92653,1266],{"class":1265},[55,92655,109],{"class":91},[55,92657,59771],{"class":105},[55,92659,109],{"class":91},[55,92661,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92663,2685],{"class":91},[20,92665,25781],{},[30,92667,92668,92671,92674],{},[33,92669,92670],{},"what values are being created",[33,92672,92673],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92675,92676,92677,24392],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92678,59771],{},[131,92680,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,92682,1581,92684,92686],{"id":92683},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92685,35968],{}," include the last number?",[20,92688,92689],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1003,92691,4941,92693,92695,92696,1631],{"id":92692},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92694,90622],{}," start at ",[15,92697,1894],{},[20,92699,92700,92701,92],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92702,1894],{},[1003,92704,4953,92706,92708],{"id":92705},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92707,35968],{}," count backward?",[20,92710,92711,92712,92],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92713,92714],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1003,92716,14683,92718,25816],{"id":92717},"is-range-a-list",[15,92719,35968],{},[20,92721,25819,92722,92724,92725,23715],{},[15,92723,59771],{}," object. Use ",[15,92726,92727],{},"list(range(...))",[1003,92729,4941,92731,48455],{"id":92730},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92732,92733],{},"range(input())",[20,92735,92736,3261,92738,92],{},[15,92737,537],{},[15,92739,92740],{},"int(input())",[131,92742,1643],{"id":1642},[30,92744,92745,92749,92755,92761,92767],{},[33,92746,92747],{},[166,92748,35798],{"href":35797},[33,92750,92751],{},[166,92752,1686,92753,1689],{"href":42131},[15,92754,42134],{},[33,92756,92757],{},[166,92758,1686,92759,1689],{"href":91791},[15,92760,35520],{},[33,92762,92763],{},[166,92764,37290,92765,36379],{"href":36375},[15,92766,35520],{},[33,92768,92769],{},[166,92770,50295,92771],{"href":50294},[15,92772,50298],{},[1696,92774,92775],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":92777},[92778,92779,92781,92787,92795,92802,92804,92816,92817,92829],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":90631,"depth":80,"text":92780},"What range() does",{"id":90724,"depth":80,"text":92782,"children":92783},"range() syntax",[92784,92785,92786],{"id":90804,"depth":102,"text":90807},{"id":90868,"depth":102,"text":90871},{"id":90936,"depth":102,"text":90939},{"id":91007,"depth":80,"text":91008,"children":92788},[92789,92790,92791,92792,92793],{"id":91014,"depth":102,"text":90622},{"id":91077,"depth":102,"text":91080},{"id":91141,"depth":102,"text":91144},{"id":91217,"depth":102,"text":91218},{"id":76586,"depth":102,"text":92794},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91376,"depth":80,"text":92796,"children":92797},"Using range() in a for loop",[92798,92799,92800],{"id":91478,"depth":102,"text":91479},{"id":91523,"depth":102,"text":91524},{"id":91603,"depth":102,"text":92801},"range() and indexing",{"id":91878,"depth":80,"text":92803},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":92805},[92806,92807,92809,92810,92812,92814],{"id":92061,"depth":102,"text":92062},{"id":92157,"depth":102,"text":92808},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92223,"depth":102,"text":92224},{"id":92358,"depth":102,"text":92811},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92415,"depth":102,"text":92813},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92449,"depth":102,"text":92815},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92553,"depth":80,"text":92554},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":92818},[92819,92821,92823,92825,92827],{"id":92683,"depth":102,"text":92820},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92692,"depth":102,"text":92822},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92705,"depth":102,"text":92824},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92717,"depth":102,"text":92826},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92730,"depth":102,"text":92828},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90525,"description":92830},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92837,"title":92838,"body":92839,"description":94512,"extension":1733,"meta":94513,"navigation":248,"path":94514,"seo":94515,"stem":94516,"__hash__":94517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92840,"toc":94485},[92841,92850,92857,92874,92890,92892,92941,92949,92953,92956,92976,92978,93042,93044,93087,93090,93136,93138,93171,93181,93187,93195,93212,93214,93245,93247,93272,93277,93288,93291,93361,93363,93394,93399,93404,93421,93423,93474,93476,93509,93512,93519,93524,93528,93544,93546,93590,93592,93638,93641,93654,93659,93663,93677,93679,93730,93732,93765,93770,93772,93779,93781,93804,93806,93871,93873,93890,93893,93926,93928,93956,93966,93973,93977,93980,93998,94001,94029,94032,94050,94055,94061,94064,94086,94088,94116,94118,94121,94146,94149,94262,94264,94343,94345,94351,94356,94364,94372,94376,94379,94381,94414,94416,94424,94430,94437,94444,94447,94449,94482],[10,92842,1686,92844,1477,92846,92849],{"id":92843},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92845,35968],{},[15,92847,92848],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92851,92852,1377,92854,92856],{},[15,92853,35968],{},[15,92855,92848],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,92858,92859,92867],{},[33,92860,92861,92863,92864],{},[15,92862,35968],{}," creates a ",[123,92865,92866],{},"range object",[33,92868,92869,92863,92871],{},[15,92870,92848],{},[123,92872,92873],{},"real list",[20,92875,92876,92877,92879,92880,92883,92884,92886,92887,92889],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92878,90622],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92881,92882],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92885,35968],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92888,92848],{}," when you actually need a list.",[131,92891,3385],{"id":3384},[46,92893,92895],{"className":48,"code":92894,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92896,92897,92911,92924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92898,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92900,3395],{"class":61},[55,92902,66],{"class":65},[55,92904,53841],{"class":105},[55,92906,109],{"class":91},[55,92908,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92910,342],{"class":91},[55,92912,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,92914,106],{"class":105},[55,92916,109],{"class":91},[55,92918,3427],{"class":95},[55,92920,115],{"class":91},[55,92922,92923],{"class":118},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[55,92925,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,92927,106],{"class":105},[55,92929,109],{"class":91},[55,92931,7877],{"class":1265},[55,92933,109],{"class":91},[55,92935,3427],{"class":95},[55,92937,5145],{"class":91},[55,92939,92940],{"class":118},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92942,1866,92943,92945,92946,92948],{},[15,92944,35968],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92947,92848],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[131,92950,92952],{"id":92951},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92954,92955],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,92957,92958,92965,92970,92973],{},[33,92959,92960,451,92962,92964],{},[15,92961,35968],{},[123,92963,92866],{},", not a list",[33,92966,92967,92969],{},[15,92968,92848],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,92971,92972],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,92974,92975],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92977,214],{},[46,92979,92981],{"className":48,"code":92980,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92982,92983,92998,93017,93021,93031],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92984,92985,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92986,92987],{"class":61},"r ",[55,92989,66],{"class":65},[55,92991,53841],{"class":105},[55,92993,109],{"class":91},[55,92995,1911],{"class":1210},[55,92997,342],{"class":91},[55,92999,93000,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93001,93002],{"class":61},"lst ",[55,93004,66],{"class":65},[55,93006,22336],{"class":1265},[55,93008,109],{"class":91},[55,93010,59771],{"class":105},[55,93012,109],{"class":91},[55,93014,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93016,1273],{"class":91},[55,93018,93019],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93020,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,93022,93023,93025,93027,93029],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,93024,106],{"class":105},[55,93026,109],{"class":91},[55,93028,60278],{"class":95},[55,93030,342],{"class":91},[55,93032,93033,93035,93037,93040],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,93034,106],{"class":105},[55,93036,109],{"class":91},[55,93038,93039],{"class":95},"lst",[55,93041,342],{"class":91},[20,93043,357],{},[46,93045,93047],{"className":48,"code":93046,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93048,93049,93063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93050,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059,93061],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93052,59771],{"class":105},[55,93054,109],{"class":91},[55,93056,1894],{"class":1210},[55,93058,2764],{"class":91},[55,93060,4388],{"class":1210},[55,93062,342],{"class":91},[55,93064,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93066,3680],{"class":91},[55,93068,1894],{"class":1210},[55,93070,2764],{"class":91},[55,93072,5282],{"class":1210},[55,93074,2764],{"class":91},[55,93076,2767],{"class":1210},[55,93078,2764],{"class":91},[55,93080,2223],{"class":1210},[55,93082,2764],{"class":91},[55,93084,2229],{"class":1210},[55,93086,3413],{"class":91},[20,93088,93089],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[46,93091,93093],{"className":48,"code":93092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93094,93095,93113],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93096,93097,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107,93109,93111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93098,106],{"class":105},[55,93100,109],{"class":91},[55,93102,1266],{"class":1265},[55,93104,109],{"class":91},[55,93106,59771],{"class":105},[55,93108,109],{"class":91},[55,93110,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93112,2685],{"class":91},[55,93114,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131,93133],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93116,106],{"class":105},[55,93118,109],{"class":91},[55,93120,1266],{"class":1265},[55,93122,109],{"class":91},[55,93124,7877],{"class":1265},[55,93126,109],{"class":91},[55,93128,59771],{"class":105},[55,93130,109],{"class":91},[55,93132,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93134,93135],{"class":91},"))))\n",[20,93137,357],{},[46,93139,93141],{"className":48,"code":93140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93142,93143,93157],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93144,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93146,3066],{"class":65},[55,93148,3069],{"class":1838},[55,93150,3072],{"class":69},[55,93152,59771],{"class":73},[55,93154,3077],{"class":69},[55,93156,3080],{"class":65},[55,93158,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93160,3066],{"class":65},[55,93162,3069],{"class":1838},[55,93164,3072],{"class":69},[55,93166,7877],{"class":73},[55,93168,3077],{"class":69},[55,93170,3080],{"class":65},[20,93172,93173,93174,93176,93177,92],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93175,35968],{}," works, see ",[166,93178,1686,93179,1689],{"href":92832},[15,93180,35968],{},[131,93182,134,93184,93186],{"id":93183},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93185,35968],{}," gives you",[20,93188,93189,93191,93192,93194],{},[15,93190,35968],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93193,5743],{}," loops.",[30,93196,93197,93200,93203,93206],{},[33,93198,93199],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93201,93202],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93204,93205],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93207,93208,93209],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93210,93211],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93213,214],{},[46,93215,93217],{"className":48,"code":93216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93218,93219,93235],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93220,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231,93233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93222,5743],{"class":487},[55,93224,69321],{"class":61},[55,93226,3662],{"class":487},[55,93228,53841],{"class":105},[55,93230,109],{"class":91},[55,93232,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93234,8124],{"class":91},[55,93236,93237,93239,93241,93243],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93238,516],{"class":105},[55,93240,109],{"class":91},[55,93242,35924],{"class":95},[55,93244,342],{"class":91},[20,93246,357],{},[46,93248,93250],{"className":48,"code":93249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93251,93252,93256,93260,93264,93268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93253,93254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93255,47022],{"class":1210},[55,93257,93258],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93259,46687],{"class":1210},[55,93261,93262],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93263,16834],{"class":1210},[55,93265,93266],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,93267,46387],{"class":1210},[55,93269,93270],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,93271,48421],{"class":1210},[20,93273,20549,93274,93276],{},[15,93275,90622],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93278,93279,93280,93282,93283,92],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93281,35968],{}," is so common with ",[166,93284,1686,93286,90653],{"href":93285},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93287,5743],{},[20,93289,93290],{},"You can also inspect it:",[46,93292,93294],{"className":48,"code":93293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93295,93296,93318,93322,93332,93346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93297,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93299,92987],{"class":61},[55,93301,66],{"class":65},[55,93303,53841],{"class":105},[55,93305,109],{"class":91},[55,93307,1829],{"class":1210},[55,93309,2764],{"class":91},[55,93311,5790],{"class":1210},[55,93313,2764],{"class":91},[55,93315,2767],{"class":1210},[55,93317,342],{"class":91},[55,93319,93320],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93321,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,93323,93324,93326,93328,93330],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93325,106],{"class":105},[55,93327,109],{"class":91},[55,93329,60278],{"class":95},[55,93331,342],{"class":91},[55,93333,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,93335,106],{"class":105},[55,93337,109],{"class":91},[55,93339,10942],{"class":105},[55,93341,109],{"class":91},[55,93343,60278],{"class":95},[55,93345,1273],{"class":91},[55,93347,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356,93359],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,93349,106],{"class":105},[55,93351,109],{"class":91},[55,93353,80367],{"class":1210},[55,93355,784],{"class":487},[55,93357,93358],{"class":95}," r",[55,93360,342],{"class":91},[20,93362,357],{},[46,93364,93366],{"className":48,"code":93365,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93367,93368,93386,93390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93369,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93371,59771],{"class":105},[55,93373,109],{"class":91},[55,93375,1829],{"class":1210},[55,93377,2764],{"class":91},[55,93379,5790],{"class":1210},[55,93381,2764],{"class":91},[55,93383,2767],{"class":1210},[55,93385,342],{"class":91},[55,93387,93388],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93389,48421],{"class":1210},[55,93391,93392],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93393,3760],{"class":3631},[131,93395,134,93397,93186],{"id":93396},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93398,92848],{},[20,93400,93401,93403],{},[15,93402,92848],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93405,93406,93409,93412,93415],{},[33,93407,93408],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93410,93411],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93413,93414],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93416,93417,93418,93420],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93419,35968],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93422,214],{},[46,93424,93426],{"className":48,"code":93425,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93427,93428,93446,93450,93460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93431,3395],{"class":61},[55,93433,66],{"class":65},[55,93435,22336],{"class":1265},[55,93437,109],{"class":91},[55,93439,59771],{"class":105},[55,93441,109],{"class":91},[55,93443,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93445,1273],{"class":91},[55,93447,93448],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93449,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,93451,93452,93454,93456,93458],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93453,106],{"class":105},[55,93455,109],{"class":91},[55,93457,3427],{"class":95},[55,93459,342],{"class":91},[55,93461,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,93463,106],{"class":105},[55,93465,109],{"class":91},[55,93467,3427],{"class":95},[55,93469,3680],{"class":91},[55,93471,1829],{"class":1210},[55,93473,3668],{"class":91},[20,93475,357],{},[46,93477,93479],{"className":48,"code":93478,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93480,93481,93505],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93482,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93484,3680],{"class":91},[55,93486,1894],{"class":1210},[55,93488,2764],{"class":91},[55,93490,5282],{"class":1210},[55,93492,2764],{"class":91},[55,93494,2767],{"class":1210},[55,93496,2764],{"class":91},[55,93498,2223],{"class":1210},[55,93500,2764],{"class":91},[55,93502,2229],{"class":1210},[55,93504,3413],{"class":91},[55,93506,93507],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93508,16834],{"class":1210},[20,93510,93511],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93513,93514,93515,92],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[166,93516,1686,93517,1689],{"href":64620},[15,93518,24555],{},[131,93520,4744,93522],{"id":93521},"when-to-use-range",[15,93523,35968],{},[20,93525,1866,93526,10382],{},[15,93527,35968],{},[30,93529,93530,93535,93538,93541],{},[33,93531,93532,93533,91382],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93534,5743],{},[33,93536,93537],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93539,93540],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93542,93543],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93545,214],{},[46,93547,93549],{"className":48,"code":93548,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93550,93551,93571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93552,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93554,5743],{"class":487},[55,93556,69321],{"class":61},[55,93558,3662],{"class":487},[55,93560,53841],{"class":105},[55,93562,109],{"class":91},[55,93564,2761],{"class":1210},[55,93566,2764],{"class":91},[55,93568,37415],{"class":1210},[55,93570,8124],{"class":91},[55,93572,93573,93575,93577,93579,93582,93584,93586,93588],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93574,516],{"class":105},[55,93576,109],{"class":91},[55,93578,228],{"class":69},[55,93580,93581],{"class":73},"Count:",[55,93583,228],{"class":69},[55,93585,2764],{"class":91},[55,93587,35899],{"class":95},[55,93589,342],{"class":91},[20,93591,357],{},[46,93593,93595],{"className":48,"code":93594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93596,93597,93606,93614,93622,93630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93598,93599,93602,93604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93600,93601],{"class":61},"Count",[55,93603,539],{"class":91},[55,93605,29386],{"class":1210},[55,93607,93608,93610,93612],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93609,93601],{"class":61},[55,93611,539],{"class":91},[55,93613,45359],{"class":1210},[55,93615,93616,93618,93620],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93617,93601],{"class":61},[55,93619,539],{"class":91},[55,93621,2350],{"class":1210},[55,93623,93624,93626,93628],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,93625,93601],{"class":61},[55,93627,539],{"class":91},[55,93629,23440],{"class":1210},[55,93631,93632,93634,93636],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,93633,93601],{"class":61},[55,93635,539],{"class":91},[55,93637,34612],{"class":1210},[20,93639,93640],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93642,93643,93644,93646,93647,62060,93649,92],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93645,35520],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93648,36369],{},[166,93650,36376,93652,36379],{"href":93651},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93653,35520],{},[131,93655,4744,93657],{"id":93656},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93658,92848],{},[20,93660,1866,93661,10382],{},[15,93662,92848],{},[30,93664,93665,93668,93671,93674],{},[33,93666,93667],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93669,93670],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93672,93673],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93675,93676],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93678,214],{},[46,93680,93682],{"className":48,"code":93681,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93683,93684,93702,93716,93720],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93685,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93687,3395],{"class":61},[55,93689,66],{"class":65},[55,93691,22336],{"class":1265},[55,93693,109],{"class":91},[55,93695,59771],{"class":105},[55,93697,109],{"class":91},[55,93699,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93701,1273],{"class":91},[55,93703,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93705,3427],{"class":61},[55,93707,92],{"class":91},[55,93709,13332],{"class":95},[55,93711,109],{"class":91},[55,93713,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93715,342],{"class":91},[55,93717,93718],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93719,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,93721,93722,93724,93726,93728],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,93723,106],{"class":105},[55,93725,109],{"class":91},[55,93727,3427],{"class":95},[55,93729,342],{"class":91},[20,93731,357],{},[46,93733,93735],{"className":48,"code":93734,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93736,93737],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93738,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93740,3680],{"class":91},[55,93742,1894],{"class":1210},[55,93744,2764],{"class":91},[55,93746,5282],{"class":1210},[55,93748,2764],{"class":91},[55,93750,2767],{"class":1210},[55,93752,2764],{"class":91},[55,93754,2223],{"class":1210},[55,93756,2764],{"class":91},[55,93758,2229],{"class":1210},[55,93760,2764],{"class":91},[55,93762,4388],{"class":1210},[55,93764,3413],{"class":91},[20,93766,5846,93767,93769],{},[15,93768,3427],{}," is a list.",[131,93771,883],{"id":882},[20,93773,93774,93776,93777,92],{},[15,93775,35968],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[123,93778,37369],{},[20,93780,1881],{},[30,93782,93783,93785,93790,93795,93798],{},[33,93784,21761],{},[33,93786,93787,93788],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93789,42134],{},[33,93791,93792,93793],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93794,3662],{},[33,93796,93797],{},"You can index it",[33,93799,93800,93801,93803],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93802,52423],{}," do not work on it",[20,93805,214],{},[46,93807,93809],{"className":48,"code":93808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93810,93811,93825,93829,93843,93857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93812,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93814,92987],{"class":61},[55,93816,66],{"class":65},[55,93818,53841],{"class":105},[55,93820,109],{"class":91},[55,93822,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93824,342],{"class":91},[55,93826,93827],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93828,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,93830,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93832,106],{"class":105},[55,93834,109],{"class":91},[55,93836,60278],{"class":95},[55,93838,3680],{"class":91},[55,93840,1829],{"class":1210},[55,93842,3668],{"class":91},[55,93844,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,93846,106],{"class":105},[55,93848,109],{"class":91},[55,93850,10942],{"class":105},[55,93852,109],{"class":91},[55,93854,60278],{"class":95},[55,93856,1273],{"class":91},[55,93858,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,93860,106],{"class":105},[55,93862,109],{"class":91},[55,93864,1835],{"class":1210},[55,93866,784],{"class":487},[55,93868,93358],{"class":95},[55,93870,342],{"class":91},[20,93872,357],{},[46,93874,93876],{"className":48,"code":93875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93877,93878,93882,93886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93879,93880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93881,16834],{"class":1210},[55,93883,93884],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93885,2720],{"class":1210},[55,93887,93888],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,93889,3760],{"class":3631},[20,93891,93892],{},"Now compare that with this:",[46,93894,93896],{"className":48,"code":93895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93897,93898,93912],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93899,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93901,92987],{"class":61},[55,93903,66],{"class":65},[55,93905,53841],{"class":105},[55,93907,109],{"class":91},[55,93909,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93911,342],{"class":91},[55,93913,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922,93924],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,93915,60278],{"class":61},[55,93917,92],{"class":91},[55,93919,13332],{"class":95},[55,93921,109],{"class":91},[55,93923,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93925,342],{"class":91},[20,93927,357],{},[46,93929,93931],{"className":48,"code":93930,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93932,93933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93934,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947,93950,93952,93954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93936,25446],{"class":1265},[55,93938,539],{"class":91},[55,93940,3072],{"class":69},[55,93942,59771],{"class":73},[55,93944,3077],{"class":69},[55,93946,24392],{"class":1265},[55,93948,93949],{"class":61}," has no attribute ",[55,93951,3077],{"class":69},[55,93953,13332],{"class":73},[55,93955,29471],{"class":69},[20,93957,93958,93959,1963,93961,1967,93963,93965],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93960,52423],{},[15,93962,55300],{},[15,93964,64084],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93967,93968,93969,92],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[166,93970,25454,93971],{"href":35190},[15,93972,34028],{},[131,93974,93976],{"id":93975},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93978,93979],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[46,93981,93982],{"className":48,"code":92458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,93983,93984],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93985,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93987,106],{"class":105},[55,93989,109],{"class":91},[55,93991,59771],{"class":105},[55,93993,109],{"class":91},[55,93995,1911],{"class":1210},[55,93997,1273],{"class":91},[20,93999,94000],{},"to show:",[46,94002,94003],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94004,94005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94006,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94008,3680],{"class":91},[55,94010,1894],{"class":1210},[55,94012,2764],{"class":91},[55,94014,5282],{"class":1210},[55,94016,2764],{"class":91},[55,94018,2767],{"class":1210},[55,94020,2764],{"class":91},[55,94022,2223],{"class":1210},[55,94024,2764],{"class":91},[55,94026,2229],{"class":1210},[55,94028,3413],{"class":91},[20,94030,94031],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[46,94033,94034],{"className":48,"code":92479,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94035,94036],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94037,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94039,59771],{"class":105},[55,94041,109],{"class":91},[55,94043,1894],{"class":1210},[55,94045,2764],{"class":91},[55,94047,4388],{"class":1210},[55,94049,342],{"class":91},[20,94051,4411,94052,94054],{},[123,94053,902],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94056,94057,94058,94060],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[123,94059,92866],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94062,94063],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[46,94065,94066],{"className":48,"code":90815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94067,94068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94069,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94071,106],{"class":105},[55,94073,109],{"class":91},[55,94075,7877],{"class":1265},[55,94077,109],{"class":91},[55,94079,59771],{"class":105},[55,94081,109],{"class":91},[55,94083,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94085,2685],{"class":91},[20,94087,357],{},[46,94089,94090],{"className":48,"code":59794,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94091,94092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94093,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94095,3680],{"class":91},[55,94097,1894],{"class":1210},[55,94099,2764],{"class":91},[55,94101,5282],{"class":1210},[55,94103,2764],{"class":91},[55,94105,2767],{"class":1210},[55,94107,2764],{"class":91},[55,94109,2223],{"class":1210},[55,94111,2764],{"class":91},[55,94113,2229],{"class":1210},[55,94115,3413],{"class":91},[131,94117,1001],{"id":1000},[20,94119,94120],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94122,94123,94129,94132,94138],{},[33,94124,1185,94125,94128],{},[15,94126,94127],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94130,94131],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94133,94134,94135,94137],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94136,35968],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94139,1185,94140,94142,94143,94145],{},[15,94141,92848],{}," when plain ",[15,94144,35968],{}," would be simpler",[20,94147,94148],{},"These quick checks can help:",[46,94150,94152],{"className":48,"code":94151,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94153,94154,94168,94186,94204,94226,94244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94155,94156,94158,94160,94162,94164,94166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94157,106],{"class":105},[55,94159,109],{"class":91},[55,94161,59771],{"class":105},[55,94163,109],{"class":91},[55,94165,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94167,1273],{"class":91},[55,94169,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94171,106],{"class":105},[55,94173,109],{"class":91},[55,94175,7877],{"class":1265},[55,94177,109],{"class":91},[55,94179,59771],{"class":105},[55,94181,109],{"class":91},[55,94183,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94185,2685],{"class":91},[55,94187,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,94189,106],{"class":105},[55,94191,109],{"class":91},[55,94193,1266],{"class":1265},[55,94195,109],{"class":91},[55,94197,59771],{"class":105},[55,94199,109],{"class":91},[55,94201,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94203,2685],{"class":91},[55,94205,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,94207,106],{"class":105},[55,94209,109],{"class":91},[55,94211,1266],{"class":1265},[55,94213,109],{"class":91},[55,94215,7877],{"class":1265},[55,94217,109],{"class":91},[55,94219,59771],{"class":105},[55,94221,109],{"class":91},[55,94223,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94225,93135],{"class":91},[55,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,94229,106],{"class":105},[55,94231,109],{"class":91},[55,94233,1835],{"class":1210},[55,94235,784],{"class":487},[55,94237,53841],{"class":105},[55,94239,109],{"class":91},[55,94241,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94243,1273],{"class":91},[55,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,94247,106],{"class":105},[55,94249,109],{"class":91},[55,94251,10942],{"class":105},[55,94253,109],{"class":91},[55,94255,59771],{"class":105},[55,94257,109],{"class":91},[55,94259,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94261,2685],{"class":91},[20,94263,357],{},[46,94265,94267],{"className":48,"code":94266,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94268,94269,94283,94307,94321,94335,94339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94270,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279,94281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94272,59771],{"class":105},[55,94274,109],{"class":91},[55,94276,1894],{"class":1210},[55,94278,2764],{"class":91},[55,94280,4388],{"class":1210},[55,94282,342],{"class":91},[55,94284,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301,94303,94305],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94286,3680],{"class":91},[55,94288,1894],{"class":1210},[55,94290,2764],{"class":91},[55,94292,5282],{"class":1210},[55,94294,2764],{"class":91},[55,94296,2767],{"class":1210},[55,94298,2764],{"class":91},[55,94300,2223],{"class":1210},[55,94302,2764],{"class":91},[55,94304,2229],{"class":1210},[55,94306,3413],{"class":91},[55,94308,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,94310,3066],{"class":65},[55,94312,3069],{"class":1838},[55,94314,3072],{"class":69},[55,94316,59771],{"class":73},[55,94318,3077],{"class":69},[55,94320,3080],{"class":65},[55,94322,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,94324,3066],{"class":65},[55,94326,3069],{"class":1838},[55,94328,3072],{"class":69},[55,94330,7877],{"class":73},[55,94332,3077],{"class":69},[55,94334,3080],{"class":65},[55,94336,94337],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,94338,3760],{"class":3631},[55,94340,94341],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,94342,2720],{"class":1210},[131,94344,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,94346,14683,94348,94350],{"id":94347},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94349,35968],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94352,46135,94353,94355],{},[15,94354,35968],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1003,94357,94359,94360,1012,94362,1631],{"id":94358},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94361,35968],{},[15,94363,92848],{},[20,94365,94366,94368,94369,94371],{},[15,94367,35968],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94370,92848],{}," creates a full list.",[1003,94373,94375],{"id":94374},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94377,94378],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94380,214],{},[46,94382,94384],{"className":48,"code":94383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94385,94386,94400],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94387,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94389,92987],{"class":61},[55,94391,66],{"class":65},[55,94393,53841],{"class":105},[55,94395,109],{"class":91},[55,94397,1911],{"class":1210},[55,94399,342],{"class":91},[55,94401,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94403,106],{"class":105},[55,94405,109],{"class":91},[55,94407,60278],{"class":95},[55,94409,3680],{"class":91},[55,94411,2761],{"class":1210},[55,94413,3668],{"class":91},[20,94415,357],{},[46,94417,94418],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,94419,94420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94421,94422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94423,46687],{"class":1210},[1003,94425,4941,94427,94429],{"id":94426},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94428,94127],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94431,94432,94433,94436],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94434,94435],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1003,94438,94440,94441,94443],{"id":94439},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94442,35968],{}," to a list?",[20,94445,94446],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[131,94448,1643],{"id":1642},[30,94450,94451,94457,94463,94470,94476],{},[33,94452,94453],{},[166,94454,1686,94455,1689],{"href":92832},[15,94456,35968],{},[33,94458,94459],{},[166,94460,1686,94461,1689],{"href":64620},[15,94462,24555],{},[33,94464,94465],{},[166,94466,1686,94467,94469],{"href":93285},[15,94468,5743],{}," loops explained",[33,94471,94472],{},[166,94473,37290,94474,36379],{"href":93651},[15,94475,35520],{},[33,94477,94478],{},[166,94479,25895,94480],{"href":35190},[15,94481,34028],{},[1696,94483,94484],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":94486},[94487,94488,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94498,94499,94500,94511],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":92951,"depth":80,"text":92952},{"id":93183,"depth":80,"text":94490},"What range() gives you",{"id":93396,"depth":80,"text":94492},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93521,"depth":80,"text":94494},"When to use range()",{"id":93656,"depth":80,"text":94496},"When to use list(range())",{"id":882,"depth":80,"text":883},{"id":93975,"depth":80,"text":93976},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":94501},[94502,94504,94506,94507,94509],{"id":94347,"depth":102,"text":94503},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94358,"depth":102,"text":94505},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94374,"depth":102,"text":94375},{"id":94426,"depth":102,"text":94508},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94439,"depth":102,"text":94510},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92838,"description":94512},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94519,"title":94520,"body":94521,"description":95957,"extension":1733,"meta":95958,"navigation":248,"path":95959,"seo":95960,"stem":95961,"__hash__":95962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94522,"toc":95923},[94523,94529,94534,94537,94551,94554,94556,94595,94597,94610,94618,94623,94639,94642,94644,94646,94667,94684,94687,94746,94748,94767,94772,94778,94781,94815,94817,94830,94833,94878,94880,94903,94910,94916,94919,94960,94962,94976,94979,95037,95039,95054,95067,95073,95079,95144,95146,95165,95167,95185,95188,95192,95198,95200,95233,95235,95248,95258,95261,95322,95324,95345,95348,95350,95366,95371,95375,95380,95385,95441,95443,95461,95464,95509,95511,95519,95524,95528,95542,95544,95576,95578,95587,95589,95593,95602,95605,95637,95639,95651,95654,95658,95663,95704,95706,95714,95717,95740,95744,95746,95755,95758,95811,95813,95822,95826,95831,95842,95844,95853,95856,95862,95865,95871,95881,95889,95896,95898,95920],[10,94524,1686,94526,3355],{"id":94525},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94527,94528],{},"round()",[20,94530,8902,94531,94533],{},[15,94532,94528],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94535,94536],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94538,94539,94545],{},[33,94540,94541,94544],{},[15,94542,94543],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94546,94547,94550],{},[15,94548,94549],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94552,94553],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[131,94555,1775],{"id":1774},[46,94557,94559],{"className":48,"code":94558,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94560,94561,94577],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94562,94563,94565,94567,94570,94572,94575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94564,106],{"class":105},[55,94566,109],{"class":91},[55,94568,94569],{"class":105},"round",[55,94571,109],{"class":91},[55,94573,94574],{"class":1210},"3.14159",[55,94576,1273],{"class":91},[55,94578,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94580,106],{"class":105},[55,94582,109],{"class":91},[55,94584,94569],{"class":105},[55,94586,109],{"class":91},[55,94588,94574],{"class":1210},[55,94590,2764],{"class":91},[55,94592,2767],{"class":1210},[55,94594,1273],{"class":91},[20,94596,357],{},[46,94598,94600],{"className":48,"code":94599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94601,94602,94606],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94603,94604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94605,46387],{"class":1210},[55,94607,94608],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94609,39950],{"class":1210},[20,94611,1866,94612,94614,94615,94617],{},[15,94613,94543],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94616,94549],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[131,94619,134,94621,137],{"id":94620},"what-round-does",[15,94622,94528],{},[30,94624,94625,94630,94633,94636],{},[33,94626,94627,94629],{},[15,94628,94528],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94631,94632],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94634,94635],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94637,94638],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94640,94641],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[131,94643,178],{"id":177},[20,94645,181],{},[46,94647,94649],{"className":48,"code":94648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94650,94651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94652,94653,94655,94657,94659,94662,94665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94654,94569],{"class":105},[55,94656,109],{"class":91},[55,94658,1220],{"class":95},[55,94660,94661],{"class":91},"[,",[55,94663,94664],{"class":95}," ndigits",[55,94666,3668],{"class":91},[30,94668,94669,94674,94679],{},[33,94670,94671,94673],{},[15,94672,1220],{}," is the value to round",[33,94675,94676,19817],{},[15,94677,94678],{},"ndigits",[33,94680,94681,94683],{},[15,94682,94678],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94685,94686],{},"Basic examples:",[46,94688,94690],{"className":48,"code":94689,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94691,94692,94707,94725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94693,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702,94705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94695,106],{"class":105},[55,94697,109],{"class":91},[55,94699,94569],{"class":105},[55,94701,109],{"class":91},[55,94703,94704],{"class":1210},"7.8",[55,94706,1273],{"class":91},[55,94708,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721,94723],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94710,106],{"class":105},[55,94712,109],{"class":91},[55,94714,94569],{"class":105},[55,94716,109],{"class":91},[55,94718,94704],{"class":1210},[55,94720,2764],{"class":91},[55,94722,5282],{"class":1210},[55,94724,1273],{"class":91},[55,94726,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94738,94740,94742,94744],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,94728,106],{"class":105},[55,94730,109],{"class":91},[55,94732,94569],{"class":105},[55,94734,109],{"class":91},[55,94736,94737],{"class":1210},"1234",[55,94739,2764],{"class":91},[55,94741,1995],{"class":65},[55,94743,1829],{"class":1210},[55,94745,1273],{"class":91},[20,94747,357],{},[46,94749,94751],{"className":48,"code":94750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94752,94753,94757,94762],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94754,94755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94756,2152],{"class":1210},[55,94758,94759],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94760,94761],{"class":1210},"7.8\n",[55,94763,94764],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,94765,94766],{"class":1210},"1200\n",[20,94768,94769,94770,92],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[166,94771,2191],{"href":2190},[131,94773,1185,94775,94777],{"id":94774},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94776,94528],{}," with one argument",[20,94779,94780],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[46,94782,94784],{"className":48,"code":94783,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94785,94786,94800],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94787,94788,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94789,106],{"class":105},[55,94791,109],{"class":91},[55,94793,94569],{"class":105},[55,94795,109],{"class":91},[55,94797,2133],{"class":1210},[55,94799,1273],{"class":91},[55,94801,94802,94804,94806,94808,94810,94813],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94803,106],{"class":105},[55,94805,109],{"class":91},[55,94807,94569],{"class":105},[55,94809,109],{"class":91},[55,94811,94812],{"class":1210},"4.8",[55,94814,1273],{"class":91},[20,94816,357],{},[46,94818,94820],{"className":48,"code":94819,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4\n5\n",[15,94821,94822,94826],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94823,94824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94825,48421],{"class":1210},[55,94827,94828],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94829,2720],{"class":1210},[20,94831,94832],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[46,94834,94836],{"className":48,"code":94835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94837,94838,94854,94864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94839,94840,94842,94844,94847,94849,94852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94841,83],{"class":61},[55,94843,66],{"class":65},[55,94845,94846],{"class":105}," round",[55,94848,109],{"class":91},[55,94850,94851],{"class":1210},"10.2",[55,94853,342],{"class":91},[55,94855,94856,94858,94860,94862],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94857,106],{"class":105},[55,94859,109],{"class":91},[55,94861,112],{"class":95},[55,94863,342],{"class":91},[55,94865,94866,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,94867,106],{"class":105},[55,94869,109],{"class":91},[55,94871,1266],{"class":1265},[55,94873,109],{"class":91},[55,94875,112],{"class":95},[55,94877,1273],{"class":91},[20,94879,357],{},[46,94881,94883],{"className":48,"code":94882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94884,94885,94889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94886,94887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94888,2147],{"class":1210},[55,94890,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899,94901],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94892,3066],{"class":65},[55,94894,3069],{"class":1838},[55,94896,3072],{"class":69},[55,94898,1962],{"class":73},[55,94900,3077],{"class":69},[55,94902,3080],{"class":65},[20,94904,94905,94906,92],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[166,94907,1686,94908,1689],{"href":2647},[15,94909,2650],{},[131,94911,1185,94913,94915],{"id":94912},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94914,94528],{}," with decimal places",[20,94917,94918],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[46,94920,94922],{"className":48,"code":94921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94923,94924,94942],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94925,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94927,106],{"class":105},[55,94929,109],{"class":91},[55,94931,94569],{"class":105},[55,94933,109],{"class":91},[55,94935,94574],{"class":1210},[55,94937,2764],{"class":91},[55,94939,2767],{"class":1210},[55,94941,1273],{"class":91},[55,94943,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94945,106],{"class":105},[55,94947,109],{"class":91},[55,94949,94569],{"class":105},[55,94951,109],{"class":91},[55,94953,94574],{"class":1210},[55,94955,2764],{"class":91},[55,94957,2223],{"class":1210},[55,94959,1273],{"class":91},[20,94961,357],{},[46,94963,94965],{"className":48,"code":94964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94966,94967,94971],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94968,94969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94970,39950],{"class":1210},[55,94972,94973],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94974,94975],{"class":1210},"3.142\n",[20,94977,94978],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[46,94980,94982],{"className":48,"code":94981,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94983,94984,94993,95012,95016,95026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94985,94986,94988,94990],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94987,40160],{"class":61},[55,94989,66],{"class":65},[55,94991,94992],{"class":1210}," 19.9876\n",[55,94994,94995,94998,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,94996,94997],{"class":61},"rounded_price ",[55,94999,66],{"class":65},[55,95001,94846],{"class":105},[55,95003,109],{"class":91},[55,95005,24924],{"class":95},[55,95007,2764],{"class":91},[55,95009,2767],{"class":1210},[55,95011,342],{"class":91},[55,95013,95014],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95015,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,95017,95018,95020,95022,95024],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,95019,106],{"class":105},[55,95021,109],{"class":91},[55,95023,24924],{"class":95},[55,95025,342],{"class":91},[55,95027,95028,95030,95032,95035],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,95029,106],{"class":105},[55,95031,109],{"class":91},[55,95033,95034],{"class":95},"rounded_price",[55,95036,342],{"class":91},[20,95038,357],{},[46,95040,95042],{"className":48,"code":95041,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95043,95044,95049],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95045,95046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95047,95048],{"class":1210},"19.9876\n",[55,95050,95051],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95052,95053],{"class":1210},"19.99\n",[20,95055,95056,95057,95060,95061,2651,95063,92],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95058,95059],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[166,95062,40665],{"href":40664},[166,95064,1686,95065,1689],{"href":2654},[15,95066,2657],{},[131,95068,95070,95071],{"id":95069},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95072,94678],{},[20,95074,95075,95076,95078],{},"A negative ",[15,95077,94678],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[46,95080,95082],{"className":48,"code":95081,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95083,95084,95104,95124],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95085,95086,95088,95090,95092,95094,95096,95098,95100,95102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95087,106],{"class":105},[55,95089,109],{"class":91},[55,95091,94569],{"class":105},[55,95093,109],{"class":91},[55,95095,94737],{"class":1210},[55,95097,2764],{"class":91},[55,95099,1995],{"class":65},[55,95101,2761],{"class":1210},[55,95103,1273],{"class":91},[55,95105,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116,95118,95120,95122],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95107,106],{"class":105},[55,95109,109],{"class":91},[55,95111,94569],{"class":105},[55,95113,109],{"class":91},[55,95115,94737],{"class":1210},[55,95117,2764],{"class":91},[55,95119,1995],{"class":65},[55,95121,1829],{"class":1210},[55,95123,1273],{"class":91},[55,95125,95126,95128,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95127,106],{"class":105},[55,95129,109],{"class":91},[55,95131,94569],{"class":105},[55,95133,109],{"class":91},[55,95135,94737],{"class":1210},[55,95137,2764],{"class":91},[55,95139,1995],{"class":65},[55,95141,1835],{"class":1210},[55,95143,1273],{"class":91},[20,95145,357],{},[46,95147,95149],{"className":48,"code":95148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95150,95151,95156,95160],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95152,95153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95154,95155],{"class":1210},"1230\n",[55,95157,95158],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95159,94766],{"class":1210},[55,95161,95162],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95163,95164],{"class":1210},"1000\n",[20,95166,65357],{},[30,95168,95169,95174,95180],{},[33,95170,95171,95173],{},[15,95172,65627],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95175,95176,95179],{},[15,95177,95178],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95181,95182,95184],{},[15,95183,47441],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95186,95187],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[131,95189,95191],{"id":95190},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95193,95194,95195,92],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95196,95197],{},".5",[20,95199,5256],{},[46,95201,95203],{"className":48,"code":95202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95204,95205,95219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95206,95207,95209,95211,95213,95215,95217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95208,106],{"class":105},[55,95210,109],{"class":91},[55,95212,94569],{"class":105},[55,95214,109],{"class":91},[55,95216,40932],{"class":1210},[55,95218,1273],{"class":91},[55,95220,95221,95223,95225,95227,95229,95231],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95222,106],{"class":105},[55,95224,109],{"class":91},[55,95226,94569],{"class":105},[55,95228,109],{"class":91},[55,95230,1812],{"class":1210},[55,95232,1273],{"class":91},[20,95234,357],{},[46,95236,95238],{"className":48,"code":95237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n4\n",[15,95239,95240,95244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95241,95242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95243,16834],{"class":1210},[55,95245,95246],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95247,48421],{"class":1210},[20,95249,95250,95251,95254,95255,95257],{},"Python uses ",[123,95252,95253],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95256,95197],{}," situations.",[20,95259,95260],{},"More examples:",[46,95262,95264],{"className":48,"code":95263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95265,95266,95280,95294,95308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95267,95268,95270,95272,95274,95276,95278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95269,106],{"class":105},[55,95271,109],{"class":91},[55,95273,94569],{"class":105},[55,95275,109],{"class":91},[55,95277,40945],{"class":1210},[55,95279,1273],{"class":91},[55,95281,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290,95292],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95283,106],{"class":105},[55,95285,109],{"class":91},[55,95287,94569],{"class":105},[55,95289,109],{"class":91},[55,95291,40932],{"class":1210},[55,95293,1273],{"class":91},[55,95295,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95297,106],{"class":105},[55,95299,109],{"class":91},[55,95301,94569],{"class":105},[55,95303,109],{"class":91},[55,95305,1812],{"class":1210},[55,95307,1273],{"class":91},[55,95309,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318,95320],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,95311,106],{"class":105},[55,95313,109],{"class":91},[55,95315,94569],{"class":105},[55,95317,109],{"class":91},[55,95319,40897],{"class":1210},[55,95321,1273],{"class":91},[20,95323,357],{},[46,95325,95327],{"className":48,"code":95326,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95328,95329,95333,95337,95341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95330,95331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95332,16834],{"class":1210},[55,95334,95335],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95336,16834],{"class":1210},[55,95338,95339],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95340,48421],{"class":1210},[55,95342,95343],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,95344,48421],{"class":1210},[20,95346,95347],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95349,10494],{},[30,95351,95352,95359],{},[33,95353,95354,1908,95357],{},[15,95355,95356],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95358,1829],{},[33,95360,95361,1908,95364],{},[15,95362,95363],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95365,2277],{},[20,95367,2945,95368,95370],{},[15,95369,95197],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[131,95372,95374],{"id":95373},"return-values","Return values",[20,95376,95377,95379],{},[15,95378,94528],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95381,40679,95382,95384],{},[123,95383,902],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[46,95386,95388],{"className":48,"code":95387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95389,95390,95399,95403,95413,95431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95391,95392,95394,95396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95393,2218],{"class":61},[55,95395,66],{"class":65},[55,95397,95398],{"class":1210}," 3.14159\n",[55,95400,95401],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95402,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,95404,95405,95407,95409,95411],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95406,106],{"class":105},[55,95408,109],{"class":91},[55,95410,2245],{"class":95},[55,95412,342],{"class":91},[55,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,95416,106],{"class":105},[55,95418,109],{"class":91},[55,95420,94569],{"class":105},[55,95422,109],{"class":91},[55,95424,2245],{"class":95},[55,95426,2764],{"class":91},[55,95428,2767],{"class":1210},[55,95430,1273],{"class":91},[55,95432,95433,95435,95437,95439],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,95434,106],{"class":105},[55,95436,109],{"class":91},[55,95438,2245],{"class":95},[55,95440,342],{"class":91},[20,95442,357],{},[46,95444,95446],{"className":48,"code":95445,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95447,95448,95453,95457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95449,95450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95451,95452],{"class":1210},"3.14159\n",[55,95454,95455],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95456,39950],{"class":1210},[55,95458,95459],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95460,95452],{"class":1210},[20,95462,95463],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[46,95465,95467],{"className":48,"code":95466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95468,95469,95477,95495,95499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95470,95471,95473,95475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95472,2218],{"class":61},[55,95474,66],{"class":65},[55,95476,95398],{"class":1210},[55,95478,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95480,2218],{"class":61},[55,95482,66],{"class":65},[55,95484,94846],{"class":105},[55,95486,109],{"class":91},[55,95488,2245],{"class":95},[55,95490,2764],{"class":91},[55,95492,2767],{"class":1210},[55,95494,342],{"class":91},[55,95496,95497],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95498,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,95500,95501,95503,95505,95507],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,95502,106],{"class":105},[55,95504,109],{"class":91},[55,95506,2245],{"class":95},[55,95508,342],{"class":91},[20,95510,357],{},[46,95512,95513],{"className":48,"code":39950,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95514,95515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95516,95517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95518,39950],{"class":1210},[131,95520,4744,95522],{"id":95521},"when-to-use-round",[15,95523,94528],{},[20,95525,1866,95526,6104],{},[15,95527,94528],{},[30,95529,95530,95533,95536,95539],{},[33,95531,95532],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95534,95535],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95537,95538],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95540,95541],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95543,5256],{},[46,95545,95547],{"className":48,"code":95546,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95548,95549,95558],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95550,95551,95553,95555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95552,2369],{"class":61},[55,95554,66],{"class":65},[55,95556,95557],{"class":1210}," 12.67891\n",[55,95559,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95561,106],{"class":105},[55,95563,109],{"class":91},[55,95565,94569],{"class":105},[55,95567,109],{"class":91},[55,95569,2392],{"class":95},[55,95571,2764],{"class":91},[55,95573,2767],{"class":1210},[55,95575,1273],{"class":91},[20,95577,357],{},[46,95579,95581],{"className":48,"code":95580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"12.68\n",[15,95582,95583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95584,95585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95586,95580],{"class":1210},[131,95588,1001],{"id":1000},[20,95590,22871,95591,92],{},[15,95592,94528],{},[1003,95594,8235,95596,95598,95599,95601],{"id":95595},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95597,94528],{}," to always round ",[15,95600,95197],{}," upward",[20,95603,95604],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[46,95606,95607],{"className":48,"code":95202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95608,95609,95623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95612,106],{"class":105},[55,95614,109],{"class":91},[55,95616,94569],{"class":105},[55,95618,109],{"class":91},[55,95620,40932],{"class":1210},[55,95622,1273],{"class":91},[55,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95626,106],{"class":105},[55,95628,109],{"class":91},[55,95630,94569],{"class":105},[55,95632,109],{"class":91},[55,95634,1812],{"class":1210},[55,95636,1273],{"class":91},[20,95638,357],{},[46,95640,95641],{"className":48,"code":95237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95642,95643,95647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95644,95645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95646,16834],{"class":1210},[55,95648,95649],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95650,48421],{"class":1210},[20,95652,95653],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1003,95655,95657],{"id":95656},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95659,95660,95662],{},[15,95661,94528],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[46,95664,95666],{"className":48,"code":95665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95667,95668,95676,95690,95694],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95669,95670,95672,95674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95671,2218],{"class":61},[55,95673,66],{"class":65},[55,95675,95398],{"class":1210},[55,95677,95678,95680,95682,95684,95686,95688],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95679,94569],{"class":105},[55,95681,109],{"class":91},[55,95683,2245],{"class":95},[55,95685,2764],{"class":91},[55,95687,2767],{"class":1210},[55,95689,342],{"class":91},[55,95691,95692],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95693,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,95695,95696,95698,95700,95702],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,95697,106],{"class":105},[55,95699,109],{"class":91},[55,95701,2245],{"class":95},[55,95703,342],{"class":91},[20,95705,357],{},[46,95707,95708],{"className":48,"code":95452,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,95709,95710],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95711,95712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95713,95452],{"class":1210},[20,95715,95716],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[46,95718,95720],{"className":48,"code":95719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95721,95722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95725,2218],{"class":61},[55,95727,66],{"class":65},[55,95729,94846],{"class":105},[55,95731,109],{"class":91},[55,95733,2245],{"class":95},[55,95735,2764],{"class":91},[55,95737,2767],{"class":1210},[55,95739,342],{"class":91},[1003,95741,95743],{"id":95742},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95745,16180],{},[46,95747,95749],{"className":48,"code":95748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95750,95751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95752,95753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95754,95748],{"class":118},[20,95756,95757],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[46,95759,95761],{"className":48,"code":95760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95762,95763,95775,95789,95793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95764,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95766,62],{"class":61},[55,95768,66],{"class":65},[55,95770,70],{"class":69},[55,95772,39916],{"class":73},[55,95774,77],{"class":69},[55,95776,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,95778,1205],{"class":61},[55,95780,66],{"class":65},[55,95782,40028],{"class":1265},[55,95784,109],{"class":91},[55,95786,352],{"class":95},[55,95788,342],{"class":91},[55,95790,95791],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,95792,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,95794,95795,95797,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,95796,106],{"class":105},[55,95798,109],{"class":91},[55,95800,94569],{"class":105},[55,95802,109],{"class":91},[55,95804,1220],{"class":95},[55,95806,2764],{"class":91},[55,95808,5282],{"class":1210},[55,95810,1273],{"class":91},[20,95812,357],{},[46,95814,95816],{"className":48,"code":95815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.1\n",[15,95817,95818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95819,95820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95821,95815],{"class":1210},[1003,95823,95825],{"id":95824},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95827,95828,95830],{},[15,95829,94528],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95832,95833,95834,2651,95838,92],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[166,95835,95836],{"href":2654},[15,95837,2657],{},[166,95839,95840],{"href":2647},[15,95841,2650],{},[131,95843,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,95845,1581,95847,95849,95850,95852],{"id":95846},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95848,94528],{}," always round ",[15,95851,39987],{}," up?",[20,95854,95855],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1003,95857,1581,95859,95861],{"id":95858},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95860,94528],{}," change the original number?",[20,95863,95864],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1003,95866,4953,95868,95870],{"id":95867},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95869,94528],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95872,95873,95874,95876,95877,2651,95879,92],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95875,94678],{}," value like ",[15,95878,65627],{},[15,95880,95178],{},[1003,95882,1613,95884,95886,95887,1631],{"id":95883},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95885,94528],{}," on a string like ",[15,95888,47865],{},[20,95890,95891,95892,2651,95894,92],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95893,2657],{},[15,95895,2650],{},[131,95897,1643],{"id":1642},[30,95899,95900,95906,95912,95916],{},[33,95901,95902],{},[166,95903,1686,95904,1689],{"href":2654},[15,95905,2657],{},[33,95907,95908],{},[166,95909,1686,95910,1689],{"href":2647},[15,95911,2650],{},[33,95913,95914],{},[166,95915,2191],{"href":2190},[33,95917,95918],{},[166,95919,41954],{"href":40664},[1696,95921,95922],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":95924},[95925,95926,95928,95929,95931,95933,95935,95936,95937,95939,95946,95956],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":94620,"depth":80,"text":95927},"What round() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":94774,"depth":80,"text":95930},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94912,"depth":80,"text":95932},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95069,"depth":80,"text":95934},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95190,"depth":80,"text":95191},{"id":95373,"depth":80,"text":95374},{"id":95521,"depth":80,"text":95938},"When to use round()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":95940},[95941,95943,95944,95945],{"id":95595,"depth":102,"text":95942},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95656,"depth":102,"text":95657},{"id":95742,"depth":102,"text":95743},{"id":95824,"depth":102,"text":95825},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":95947},[95948,95950,95952,95954],{"id":95846,"depth":102,"text":95949},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95858,"depth":102,"text":95951},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95867,"depth":102,"text":95953},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95883,"depth":102,"text":95955},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94520,"description":95957},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95964,"title":95965,"body":95966,"description":97150,"extension":1733,"meta":97151,"navigation":248,"path":97152,"seo":97153,"stem":97154,"__hash__":97155},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95967,"toc":97124},[95968,95975,95981,95984,95986,96035,96039,96064,96069,96074,96079,96093,96104,96106,96125,96127,96143,96146,96157,96159,96161,96222,96226,96259,96266,96273,96276,96309,96312,96316,96319,96372,96376,96397,96403,96410,96417,96478,96486,96563,96567,96579,96588,96590,96596,96602,96605,96658,96661,96719,96723,96731,96734,96738,96741,96751,96753,96850,96853,96864,96867,96910,96914,96938,96941,96947,96949,96953,96978,96980,97047,97056,97058,97064,97069,97073,97076,97080,97087,97091,97096,97098,97115,97121],[10,95969,95971,95972,18],{"id":95970},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95973,95974],{},"add()",[20,95976,95977,95980],{},[15,95978,95979],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95982,95983],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[131,95985,1775],{"id":1774},[46,95987,95989],{"className":48,"code":95988,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95990,95991,96011,96025],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95992,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95994,3395],{"class":61},[55,95996,66],{"class":65},[55,95998,10272],{"class":91},[55,96000,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96002,2764],{"class":91},[55,96004,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96006,2764],{"class":91},[55,96008,2223],{"class":1210},[55,96010,9089],{"class":91},[55,96012,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96014,3427],{"class":61},[55,96016,92],{"class":91},[55,96018,81879],{"class":95},[55,96020,109],{"class":91},[55,96022,2277],{"class":1210},[55,96024,342],{"class":91},[55,96026,96027,96029,96031,96033],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96028,106],{"class":105},[55,96030,109],{"class":91},[55,96032,3427],{"class":95},[55,96034,342],{"class":91},[20,96036,96037],{},[123,96038,357],{},[46,96040,96042],{"className":48,"code":96041,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96043,96044],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96045,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056,96058,96060,96062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96047,9058],{"class":91},[55,96049,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96051,2764],{"class":91},[55,96053,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96055,2764],{"class":91},[55,96057,2223],{"class":1210},[55,96059,2764],{"class":91},[55,96061,2229],{"class":1210},[55,96063,9089],{"class":91},[20,96065,1866,96066,96068],{},[15,96067,95974],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[131,96070,134,96072,137],{"id":96071},"what-setadd-does",[15,96073,95979],{},[20,96075,96076,96078],{},[15,96077,95979],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,96080,96081,96084,96087,96090],{},[33,96082,96083],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,96085,96086],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,96088,96089],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,96091,96092],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96094,96095,96096,2651,96100,92],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[166,96097,96099],{"href":96098},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[166,96101,96103],{"href":96102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[131,96105,178],{"id":177},[46,96107,96109],{"className":48,"code":96108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96110,96111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96112,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96114,15445],{"class":61},[55,96116,92],{"class":91},[55,96118,81879],{"class":95},[55,96120,109],{"class":91},[55,96122,23087],{"class":95},[55,96124,342],{"class":91},[20,96126,11239],{},[30,96128,96129,96134,96137],{},[33,96130,55680,96131,96133],{},[15,96132,95974],{}," on an existing set",[33,96135,96136],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96138,96139,96140],{},"The item must be ",[123,96141,96142],{},"hashable",[20,96144,96145],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96147,96148,96150,96152,96155],{},[33,96149,56233],{},[33,96151,56236],{},[33,96153,96154],{},"Tuples",[33,96156,40368],{},[131,96158,286],{"id":285},[20,96160,11257],{},[46,96162,96164],{"className":48,"code":96163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96165,96166,96190,96208,96212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96167,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96169,12855],{"class":61},[55,96171,66],{"class":65},[55,96173,10272],{"class":91},[55,96175,228],{"class":69},[55,96177,12872],{"class":73},[55,96179,228],{"class":69},[55,96181,2764],{"class":91},[55,96183,70],{"class":69},[55,96185,705],{"class":73},[55,96187,228],{"class":69},[55,96189,9089],{"class":91},[55,96191,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96193,17279],{"class":61},[55,96195,92],{"class":91},[55,96197,81879],{"class":95},[55,96199,109],{"class":91},[55,96201,228],{"class":69},[55,96203,17232],{"class":73},[55,96205,228],{"class":69},[55,96207,342],{"class":91},[55,96209,96210],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96211,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96213,96214,96216,96218,96220],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,96215,106],{"class":105},[55,96217,109],{"class":91},[55,96219,17279],{"class":95},[55,96221,342],{"class":91},[20,96223,96224],{},[123,96225,29801],{},[46,96227,96229],{"className":48,"code":96228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96230,96231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96232,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96234,9058],{"class":91},[55,96236,3077],{"class":69},[55,96238,12872],{"class":73},[55,96240,3077],{"class":69},[55,96242,2764],{"class":91},[55,96244,3072],{"class":69},[55,96246,17232],{"class":73},[55,96248,3077],{"class":69},[55,96250,2764],{"class":91},[55,96252,3072],{"class":69},[55,96254,705],{"class":73},[55,96256,3077],{"class":69},[55,96258,9089],{"class":91},[20,96260,96261,96262,96265],{},"The new value ",[15,96263,96264],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96267,96268,96269,96272],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[123,96270,96271],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96274,96275],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[46,96277,96279],{"className":48,"code":96278,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96280,96281],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96282,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96284,9058],{"class":91},[55,96286,3077],{"class":69},[55,96288,705],{"class":73},[55,96290,3077],{"class":69},[55,96292,2764],{"class":91},[55,96294,3072],{"class":69},[55,96296,12872],{"class":73},[55,96298,3077],{"class":69},[55,96300,2764],{"class":91},[55,96302,3072],{"class":69},[55,96304,17232],{"class":73},[55,96306,3077],{"class":69},[55,96308,9089],{"class":91},[20,96310,96311],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[131,96313,96315],{"id":96314},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96317,96318],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[46,96320,96322],{"className":48,"code":96321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96323,96324,96344,96358,96362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96325,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96327,3395],{"class":61},[55,96329,66],{"class":65},[55,96331,10272],{"class":91},[55,96333,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96335,2764],{"class":91},[55,96337,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96339,2764],{"class":91},[55,96341,2223],{"class":1210},[55,96343,9089],{"class":91},[55,96345,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96347,3427],{"class":61},[55,96349,92],{"class":91},[55,96351,81879],{"class":95},[55,96353,109],{"class":91},[55,96355,1829],{"class":1210},[55,96357,342],{"class":91},[55,96359,96360],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96361,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96363,96364,96366,96368,96370],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,96365,106],{"class":105},[55,96367,109],{"class":91},[55,96369,3427],{"class":95},[55,96371,342],{"class":91},[20,96373,96374],{},[123,96375,357],{},[46,96377,96379],{"className":48,"code":96378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96380,96381],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96382,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96384,9058],{"class":91},[55,96386,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96388,2764],{"class":91},[55,96390,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96392,2764],{"class":91},[55,96394,2223],{"class":1210},[55,96396,9089],{"class":91},[20,96398,96399,96400,96402],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96401,1829],{}," was already present.",[131,96404,96406,1477,96408],{"id":96405},"add-vs-update",[15,96407,95974],{},[15,96409,14734],{},[20,96411,1866,96412,96414,96415,92],{},[15,96413,95974],{}," when you want to add ",[123,96416,52427],{},[46,96418,96420],{"className":48,"code":96419,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96421,96422,96446,96464,96468],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96423,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96425,35860],{"class":61},[55,96427,66],{"class":65},[55,96429,10272],{"class":91},[55,96431,228],{"class":69},[55,96433,166],{"class":73},[55,96435,228],{"class":69},[55,96437,2764],{"class":91},[55,96439,70],{"class":69},[55,96441,4543],{"class":73},[55,96443,228],{"class":69},[55,96445,9089],{"class":91},[55,96447,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96449,35913],{"class":61},[55,96451,92],{"class":91},[55,96453,81879],{"class":95},[55,96455,109],{"class":91},[55,96457,228],{"class":69},[55,96459,9520],{"class":73},[55,96461,228],{"class":69},[55,96463,342],{"class":91},[55,96465,96466],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96467,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96469,96470,96472,96474,96476],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,96471,106],{"class":105},[55,96473,109],{"class":91},[55,96475,35913],{"class":95},[55,96477,342],{"class":91},[20,96479,1866,96480,96414,96482,96485],{},[15,96481,14734],{},[123,96483,96484],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[46,96487,96489],{"className":48,"code":96488,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96490,96491,96515,96549,96553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96492,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96494,35860],{"class":61},[55,96496,66],{"class":65},[55,96498,10272],{"class":91},[55,96500,228],{"class":69},[55,96502,166],{"class":73},[55,96504,228],{"class":69},[55,96506,2764],{"class":91},[55,96508,70],{"class":69},[55,96510,4543],{"class":73},[55,96512,228],{"class":69},[55,96514,9089],{"class":91},[55,96516,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96518,35913],{"class":61},[55,96520,92],{"class":91},[55,96522,30236],{"class":95},[55,96524,2758],{"class":91},[55,96526,228],{"class":69},[55,96528,9520],{"class":73},[55,96530,228],{"class":69},[55,96532,2764],{"class":91},[55,96534,70],{"class":69},[55,96536,18545],{"class":73},[55,96538,228],{"class":69},[55,96540,2764],{"class":91},[55,96542,70],{"class":69},[55,96544,60220],{"class":73},[55,96546,228],{"class":69},[55,96548,3668],{"class":91},[55,96550,96551],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96552,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96554,96555,96557,96559,96561],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,96556,106],{"class":105},[55,96558,109],{"class":91},[55,96560,35913],{"class":95},[55,96562,342],{"class":91},[1003,96564,96566],{"id":96565},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96568,96569,96574],{},[33,96570,96571,96573],{},[15,96572,95974],{}," adds one item",[33,96575,96576,96578],{},[15,96577,14734],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96580,96581,96582,92],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[166,96583,96585,96586,1573],{"href":96584},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96587,14734],{},[131,96589,446],{"id":445},[20,96591,96592,2168,96594,92],{},[15,96593,95979],{},[15,96595,3556],{},[20,96597,96598,96599,96601],{},"That means you should ",[123,96600,902],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1003,96603,523],{"id":96604},"correct",[46,96606,96608],{"className":48,"code":96607,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96609,96610,96630,96644,96648],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96611,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96613,15407],{"class":61},[55,96615,66],{"class":65},[55,96617,10272],{"class":91},[55,96619,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96621,2764],{"class":91},[55,96623,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96625,2764],{"class":91},[55,96627,2223],{"class":1210},[55,96629,9089],{"class":91},[55,96631,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96633,15445],{"class":61},[55,96635,92],{"class":91},[55,96637,81879],{"class":95},[55,96639,109],{"class":91},[55,96641,2277],{"class":1210},[55,96643,342],{"class":91},[55,96645,96646],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96647,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96649,96650,96652,96654,96656],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,96651,106],{"class":105},[55,96653,109],{"class":91},[55,96655,15445],{"class":95},[55,96657,342],{"class":91},[1003,96659,96660],{"id":61541},"Wrong",[46,96662,96664],{"className":48,"code":96663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96665,96666,96686,96705,96709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96667,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96669,15407],{"class":61},[55,96671,66],{"class":65},[55,96673,10272],{"class":91},[55,96675,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96677,2764],{"class":91},[55,96679,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96681,2764],{"class":91},[55,96683,2223],{"class":1210},[55,96685,9089],{"class":91},[55,96687,96688,96690,96692,96695,96697,96699,96701,96703],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96689,15407],{"class":61},[55,96691,66],{"class":65},[55,96693,96694],{"class":61}," my_set",[55,96696,92],{"class":91},[55,96698,81879],{"class":95},[55,96700,109],{"class":91},[55,96702,2277],{"class":1210},[55,96704,342],{"class":91},[55,96706,96707],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96708,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96710,96711,96713,96715,96717],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,96712,106],{"class":105},[55,96714,109],{"class":91},[55,96716,15445],{"class":95},[55,96718,342],{"class":91},[20,96720,96721],{},[123,96722,357],{},[46,96724,96725],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,96726,96727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96728,96729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96730,11588],{"class":3631},[20,96732,96733],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[131,96735,96737],{"id":96736},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96739,96740],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96742,96743,96745,96747,96749],{},[33,96744,56233],{},[33,96746,56236],{},[33,96748,96154],{},[33,96750,40368],{},[20,96752,214],{},[46,96754,96756],{"className":48,"code":96755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96757,96758,96768,96772,96786,96804,96822,96836,96840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96759,96760,96762,96764,96766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96761,7563],{"class":61},[55,96763,66],{"class":65},[55,96765,15412],{"class":1265},[55,96767,99],{"class":91},[55,96769,96770],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96771,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96773,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,96775,7594],{"class":61},[55,96777,92],{"class":91},[55,96779,81879],{"class":95},[55,96781,109],{"class":91},[55,96783,2101],{"class":1210},[55,96785,342],{"class":91},[55,96787,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,96789,7594],{"class":61},[55,96791,92],{"class":91},[55,96793,81879],{"class":95},[55,96795,109],{"class":91},[55,96797,228],{"class":69},[55,96799,3624],{"class":73},[55,96801,228],{"class":69},[55,96803,342],{"class":91},[55,96805,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,96807,7594],{"class":61},[55,96809,92],{"class":91},[55,96811,81879],{"class":95},[55,96813,5295],{"class":91},[55,96815,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96817,2764],{"class":91},[55,96819,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96821,1273],{"class":91},[55,96823,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,96825,7594],{"class":61},[55,96827,92],{"class":91},[55,96829,81879],{"class":95},[55,96831,109],{"class":91},[55,96833,3380],{"class":3631},[55,96835,342],{"class":91},[55,96837,96838],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,96839,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,96841,96842,96844,96846,96848],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,96843,106],{"class":105},[55,96845,109],{"class":91},[55,96847,7594],{"class":95},[55,96849,342],{"class":91},[20,96851,96852],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,96854,96855,96858,96861],{},[33,96856,96857],{},"Lists",[33,96859,96860],{},"Dictionaries",[33,96862,96863],{},"Sets",[20,96865,96866],{},"Example that causes an error:",[46,96868,96870],{"className":48,"code":96869,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96871,96872,96892],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96873,96874,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888,96890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96875,7563],{"class":61},[55,96877,66],{"class":65},[55,96879,10272],{"class":91},[55,96881,2761],{"class":1210},[55,96883,2764],{"class":91},[55,96885,2767],{"class":1210},[55,96887,2764],{"class":91},[55,96889,2223],{"class":1210},[55,96891,9089],{"class":91},[55,96893,96894,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96895,7594],{"class":61},[55,96897,92],{"class":91},[55,96899,81879],{"class":95},[55,96901,2758],{"class":91},[55,96903,2277],{"class":1210},[55,96905,2764],{"class":91},[55,96907,4388],{"class":1210},[55,96909,3668],{"class":91},[20,96911,96912],{},[123,96913,29452],{},[46,96915,96917],{"className":48,"code":96916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96918,96919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96920,96921,96923,96925,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96922,2780],{"class":1265},[55,96924,539],{"class":91},[55,96926,96927],{"class":61}," unhashable ",[55,96929,1266],{"class":1265},[55,96931,539],{"class":91},[55,96933,3072],{"class":69},[55,96935,7877],{"class":73},[55,96937,29471],{"class":69},[20,96939,96940],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96942,96943,96944,92],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96945,96946],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[131,96948,1001],{"id":1000},[20,96950,14513,96951,539],{},[15,96952,95979],{},[30,96954,96955,96960,96965,96968,96975],{},[33,96956,1185,96957,96959],{},[15,96958,95974],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,96961,8235,96962,96964],{},[15,96963,95974],{}," to return the updated set",[33,96966,96967],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,96969,36975,96970,96972,96973],{},[15,96971,95979],{}," with list ",[15,96974,52423],{},[33,96976,96977],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96979,71279],{},[46,96981,96983],{"className":48,"code":96982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96984,96985,96995,97009,97019,97033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96986,96987,96989,96991,96993],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96988,106],{"class":105},[55,96990,109],{"class":91},[55,96992,15445],{"class":95},[55,96994,342],{"class":91},[55,96996,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,96998,106],{"class":105},[55,97000,109],{"class":91},[55,97002,1266],{"class":1265},[55,97004,109],{"class":91},[55,97006,15445],{"class":95},[55,97008,1273],{"class":91},[55,97010,97011,97013,97015,97017],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97012,106],{"class":105},[55,97014,109],{"class":91},[55,97016,2245],{"class":95},[55,97018,342],{"class":91},[55,97020,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,97022,106],{"class":105},[55,97024,109],{"class":91},[55,97026,1266],{"class":1265},[55,97028,109],{"class":91},[55,97030,2245],{"class":95},[55,97032,1273],{"class":91},[55,97034,97035,97037,97039,97041,97043,97045],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,97036,31925],{"class":105},[55,97038,109],{"class":91},[55,97040,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97042,92],{"class":91},[55,97044,81879],{"class":1047},[55,97046,342],{"class":91},[20,97048,97049,97050,97052,97053,92],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97051,95979],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[166,97054,52820],{"href":97055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[131,97057,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,97059,1581,97061,97063],{"id":97060},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97062,95979],{}," return a new set?",[20,97065,97066,97067,92],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97068,3556],{},[1003,97070,97072],{"id":97071},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97074,97075],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1003,97077,97079],{"id":97078},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97081,1866,97082,1012,97085,92],{},[15,97083,97084],{},"set.update()",[15,97086,95974],{},[1003,97088,97090],{"id":97089},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97092,97093,97094,92],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97095,2780],{},[131,97097,1643],{"id":1642},[30,97099,97100,97104,97109],{},[33,97101,97102],{},[166,97103,96099],{"href":96098},[33,97105,97106],{},[166,97107,97108],{"href":96102},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97110,97111],{},[166,97112,96585,97113,1573],{"href":96584},[15,97114,14734],{},[20,97116,97117,97118,97120],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97119,95974],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1696,97122,97123],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":97125},[97126,97127,97129,97130,97131,97132,97136,97140,97141,97142,97149],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":96071,"depth":80,"text":97128},"What set.add() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":96314,"depth":80,"text":96315},{"id":96405,"depth":80,"text":97133,"children":97134},"add() vs update()",[97135],{"id":96565,"depth":102,"text":96566},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446,"children":97137},[97138,97139],{"id":96604,"depth":102,"text":523},{"id":61541,"depth":102,"text":96660},{"id":96736,"depth":80,"text":96737},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":97143},[97144,97146,97147,97148],{"id":97060,"depth":102,"text":97145},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97071,"depth":102,"text":97072},{"id":97078,"depth":102,"text":97079},{"id":97089,"depth":102,"text":97090},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95965,"description":97150},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97157,"title":97158,"body":97159,"description":98327,"extension":1733,"meta":98328,"navigation":248,"path":98329,"seo":98330,"stem":98331,"__hash__":98332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97160,"toc":98294},[97161,97166,97172,97179,97224,97226,97237,97242,97247,97251,97265,97270,97272,97274,97289,97291,97304,97306,97308,97373,97375,97385,97387,97405,97411,97418,97423,97497,97499,97516,97522,97527,97598,97600,97627,97644,97647,97653,97655,97662,97666,97733,97735,97750,97753,97806,97808,97816,97828,97830,97834,97839,97841,97890,97892,97900,97902,97947,97949,97959,97965,97973,97986,97992,97994,98023,98025,98043,98047,98050,98081,98083,98101,98105,98180,98182,98198,98205,98207,98212,98217,98223,98226,98230,98238,98245,98253,98255,98291],[10,97162,95971,97164,18],{"id":97163},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97165,11102],{},[20,97167,97168,97171],{},[15,97169,97170],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97173,97174,97175,97178],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[123,97176,97177],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[46,97180,97182],{"className":48,"code":97181,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97183,97184,97204,97214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97185,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97187,3395],{"class":61},[55,97189,66],{"class":65},[55,97191,10272],{"class":91},[55,97193,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97195,2764],{"class":91},[55,97197,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97199,2764],{"class":91},[55,97201,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97203,9089],{"class":91},[55,97205,97206,97208,97210,97212],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97207,3427],{"class":61},[55,97209,92],{"class":91},[55,97211,11163],{"class":95},[55,97213,99],{"class":91},[55,97215,97216,97218,97220,97222],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97217,106],{"class":105},[55,97219,109],{"class":91},[55,97221,3427],{"class":95},[55,97223,342],{"class":91},[20,97225,357],{},[46,97227,97229],{"className":48,"code":97228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n",[15,97230,97231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97232,97233,97235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97234,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97236,99],{"class":91},[20,97238,97239,97241],{},[15,97240,11102],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[131,97243,134,97245,137],{"id":97244},"what-setclear-does",[15,97246,97170],{},[20,97248,1750,97249,11193],{},[15,97250,11102],{},[30,97252,97253,97256,97258,97262],{},[33,97254,97255],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97257,96086],{},[33,97259,11204,97260],{},[15,97261,3556],{},[33,97263,97264],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97266,96095,97267,71378],{},[166,97268,96099],{"href":97269},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[131,97271,178],{"id":177},[20,97273,54218],{},[46,97275,97277],{"className":48,"code":97276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97278,97279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97280,97281,97283,97285,97287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97282,15445],{"class":61},[55,97284,92],{"class":91},[55,97286,11163],{"class":95},[55,97288,99],{"class":91},[20,97290,145],{},[30,97292,97293,97295,97298,97301],{},[33,97294,205],{},[33,97296,97297],{},"It empties the set",[33,97299,97300],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97302,97303],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[131,97305,286],{"id":285},[20,97307,11257],{},[46,97309,97311],{"className":48,"code":97310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97312,97313,97345,97349,97359,97363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97314,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97316,12855],{"class":61},[55,97318,66],{"class":65},[55,97320,10272],{"class":91},[55,97322,228],{"class":69},[55,97324,12872],{"class":73},[55,97326,228],{"class":69},[55,97328,2764],{"class":91},[55,97330,70],{"class":69},[55,97332,17232],{"class":73},[55,97334,228],{"class":69},[55,97336,2764],{"class":91},[55,97338,70],{"class":69},[55,97340,705],{"class":73},[55,97342,228],{"class":69},[55,97344,9089],{"class":91},[55,97346,97347],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97348,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97350,97351,97353,97355,97357],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97352,17279],{"class":61},[55,97354,92],{"class":91},[55,97356,11163],{"class":95},[55,97358,99],{"class":91},[55,97360,97361],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,97362,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97364,97365,97367,97369,97371],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,97366,106],{"class":105},[55,97368,109],{"class":91},[55,97370,17279],{"class":95},[55,97372,342],{"class":91},[20,97374,357],{},[46,97376,97377],{"className":48,"code":97228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,97378,97379],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97380,97381,97383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97382,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97384,99],{"class":91},[20,97386,11463],{},[30,97388,97389,97394,97399],{},[33,97390,97391,97393],{},[15,97392,17279],{}," starts with three values",[33,97395,97396,11476],{},[15,97397,97398],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97400,97401,97402,97404],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97403,3575],{},", which means an empty set",[131,97406,97408,97410],{"id":97407},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97409,11102],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97412,97413,1377,97415,97417],{},[15,97414,11102],{},[15,97416,3575],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1003,97419,1185,97421],{"id":97420},"using-clear",[15,97422,11102],{},[46,97424,97426],{"className":48,"code":97425,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97427,97428,97448,97458,97462,97472,97476,97486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97429,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97431,7563],{"class":61},[55,97433,66],{"class":65},[55,97435,10272],{"class":91},[55,97437,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97439,2764],{"class":91},[55,97441,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97443,2764],{"class":91},[55,97445,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97447,9089],{"class":91},[55,97449,97450,97453,97455],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97451,97452],{"class":61},"other_name ",[55,97454,66],{"class":65},[55,97456,97457],{"class":61}," items\n",[55,97459,97460],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97461,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97463,97464,97466,97468,97470],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,97465,7594],{"class":61},[55,97467,92],{"class":91},[55,97469,11163],{"class":95},[55,97471,99],{"class":91},[55,97473,97474],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,97475,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97477,97478,97480,97482,97484],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,97479,106],{"class":105},[55,97481,109],{"class":91},[55,97483,7594],{"class":95},[55,97485,342],{"class":91},[55,97487,97488,97490,97492,97495],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,97489,106],{"class":105},[55,97491,109],{"class":91},[55,97493,97494],{"class":95},"other_name",[55,97496,342],{"class":91},[20,97498,357],{},[46,97500,97502],{"className":48,"code":97501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97503,97504,97510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97505,97506,97508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97507,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97509,99],{"class":91},[55,97511,97512,97514],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97513,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97515,99],{"class":91},[20,97517,97518,97519,92],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[123,97520,97521],{},"same set object",[1003,97523,1185,97525],{"id":97524},"using-set",[15,97526,3575],{},[46,97528,97530],{"className":48,"code":97529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97531,97532,97552,97560,97564,97574,97578,97588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97533,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97535,7563],{"class":61},[55,97537,66],{"class":65},[55,97539,10272],{"class":91},[55,97541,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97543,2764],{"class":91},[55,97545,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97547,2764],{"class":91},[55,97549,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97551,9089],{"class":91},[55,97553,97554,97556,97558],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97555,97452],{"class":61},[55,97557,66],{"class":65},[55,97559,97457],{"class":61},[55,97561,97562],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97563,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97565,97566,97568,97570,97572],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,97567,7563],{"class":61},[55,97569,66],{"class":65},[55,97571,15412],{"class":1265},[55,97573,99],{"class":91},[55,97575,97576],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,97577,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97579,97580,97582,97584,97586],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,97581,106],{"class":105},[55,97583,109],{"class":91},[55,97585,7594],{"class":95},[55,97587,342],{"class":91},[55,97589,97590,97592,97594,97596],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,97591,106],{"class":105},[55,97593,109],{"class":91},[55,97595,97494],{"class":95},[55,97597,342],{"class":91},[20,97599,357],{},[46,97601,97603],{"className":48,"code":97602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97604,97605,97611],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97606,97607,97609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97608,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97610,99],{"class":91},[55,97612,97613,97615,97617,97619,97621,97623,97625],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97614,9058],{"class":91},[55,97616,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97618,2764],{"class":91},[55,97620,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97622,2764],{"class":91},[55,97624,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97626,9089],{"class":91},[20,97628,20549,97629,92863,97632,97635,97636,92,97638,97640,97641,97643],{},[15,97630,97631],{},"items = set()",[123,97633,97634],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97637,7594],{},[9627,97639],{},"\nBut ",[15,97642,97494],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97645,97646],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97648,97649,97650,92],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[166,97651,96103],{"href":97652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[131,97654,446],{"id":445},[20,97656,97657,13833,97659,97661],{},[15,97658,11102],{},[123,97660,902],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97663,4931,97664,92],{},[15,97665,3556],{},[46,97667,97669],{"className":48,"code":97668,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97670,97671,97691,97695,97709,97713,97723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97672,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97674,3395],{"class":61},[55,97676,66],{"class":65},[55,97678,10272],{"class":91},[55,97680,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97682,2764],{"class":91},[55,97684,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97686,2764],{"class":91},[55,97688,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97690,9089],{"class":91},[55,97692,97693],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97694,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97696,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97698,83],{"class":61},[55,97700,66],{"class":65},[55,97702,4045],{"class":61},[55,97704,92],{"class":91},[55,97706,11163],{"class":95},[55,97708,99],{"class":91},[55,97710,97711],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,97712,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97714,97715,97717,97719,97721],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,97716,106],{"class":105},[55,97718,109],{"class":91},[55,97720,112],{"class":95},[55,97722,342],{"class":91},[55,97724,97725,97727,97729,97731],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,97726,106],{"class":105},[55,97728,109],{"class":91},[55,97730,3427],{"class":95},[55,97732,342],{"class":91},[20,97734,357],{},[46,97736,97738],{"className":48,"code":97737,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\nset()\n",[15,97739,97740,97744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97741,97742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97743,11588],{"class":3631},[55,97745,97746,97748],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97747,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97749,99],{"class":91},[20,97751,97752],{},"Do not do this:",[46,97754,97756],{"className":48,"code":97755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97757,97758,97778,97792,97796],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97759,97760,97762,97764,97766,97768,97770,97772,97774,97776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97761,3395],{"class":61},[55,97763,66],{"class":65},[55,97765,10272],{"class":91},[55,97767,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97769,2764],{"class":91},[55,97771,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97773,2764],{"class":91},[55,97775,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97777,9089],{"class":91},[55,97779,97780,97782,97784,97786,97788,97790],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97781,3395],{"class":61},[55,97783,66],{"class":65},[55,97785,4045],{"class":61},[55,97787,92],{"class":91},[55,97789,11163],{"class":95},[55,97791,99],{"class":91},[55,97793,97794],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97795,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,97797,97798,97800,97802,97804],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,97799,106],{"class":105},[55,97801,109],{"class":91},[55,97803,3427],{"class":95},[55,97805,342],{"class":91},[20,97807,357],{},[46,97809,97810],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,97811,97812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97813,97814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97815,11588],{"class":3631},[20,97817,21965,97818,2168,97820,97822,97823,97825,97826,92],{},[15,97819,54331],{},[15,97821,3556],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97824,3556],{}," back to ",[15,97827,3427],{},[131,97829,4301],{"id":4300},[20,97831,10528,97832,92],{},[15,97833,97170],{},[1003,97835,12375,97837],{"id":97836},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97838,11102],{},[20,97840,1017],{},[46,97842,97844],{"className":48,"code":97843,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97845,97846,97866,97880],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97847,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862,97864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97849,15407],{"class":61},[55,97851,66],{"class":65},[55,97853,10272],{"class":91},[55,97855,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97857,2764],{"class":91},[55,97859,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97861,2764],{"class":91},[55,97863,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97865,9089],{"class":91},[55,97867,97868,97870,97872,97874,97876,97878],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97869,15407],{"class":61},[55,97871,66],{"class":65},[55,97873,96694],{"class":61},[55,97875,92],{"class":91},[55,97877,11163],{"class":95},[55,97879,99],{"class":91},[55,97881,97882,97884,97886,97888],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97883,106],{"class":105},[55,97885,109],{"class":91},[55,97887,15445],{"class":95},[55,97889,342],{"class":91},[20,97891,357],{},[46,97893,97894],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,97895,97896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97897,97898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97899,11588],{"class":3631},[20,97901,1055],{},[46,97903,97905],{"className":48,"code":97904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97906,97907,97927,97937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97908,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923,97925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97910,15407],{"class":61},[55,97912,66],{"class":65},[55,97914,10272],{"class":91},[55,97916,2761],{"class":1210},[55,97918,2764],{"class":91},[55,97920,2767],{"class":1210},[55,97922,2764],{"class":91},[55,97924,2223],{"class":1210},[55,97926,9089],{"class":91},[55,97928,97929,97931,97933,97935],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,97930,15445],{"class":61},[55,97932,92],{"class":91},[55,97934,11163],{"class":95},[55,97936,99],{"class":91},[55,97938,97939,97941,97943,97945],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,97940,106],{"class":105},[55,97942,109],{"class":91},[55,97944,15445],{"class":95},[55,97946,342],{"class":91},[20,97948,357],{},[46,97950,97951],{"className":48,"code":97228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,97952,97953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97954,97955,97957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97956,6073],{"class":1265},[55,97958,99],{"class":91},[1003,97960,8235,97962,97964],{"id":97961},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97963,11102],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97966,97967,97969,97970,97972],{},[15,97968,11102],{}," removes ",[123,97971,3493],{}," items from the set.",[20,97974,97975,97976,2651,97981,92],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[166,97977,97979],{"href":97978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97980,55300],{},[166,97982,97984],{"href":97983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97985,12542],{},[1003,97987,1185,97989,97991],{"id":97988},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97990,3570],{}," for an empty set",[20,97993,25463],{},[46,97995,97997],{"className":48,"code":97996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97998,97999,98008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98000,98001,98004,98006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98002,98003],{"class":61},"empty_value ",[55,98005,66],{"class":65},[55,98007,9619],{"class":91},[55,98009,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98021],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98011,106],{"class":105},[55,98013,109],{"class":91},[55,98015,1266],{"class":1265},[55,98017,109],{"class":91},[55,98019,98020],{"class":95},"empty_value",[55,98022,1273],{"class":91},[20,98024,357],{},[46,98026,98027],{"className":48,"code":8587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98028,98029],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98030,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98032,3066],{"class":65},[55,98034,3069],{"class":1838},[55,98036,3072],{"class":69},[55,98038,8600],{"class":73},[55,98040,3077],{"class":69},[55,98042,3080],{"class":65},[20,98044,98045,8567],{},[15,98046,3570],{},[20,98048,98049],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[46,98051,98053],{"className":48,"code":98052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98054,98055,98066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98056,98057,98060,98062,98064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98058,98059],{"class":61},"empty_set ",[55,98061,66],{"class":65},[55,98063,15412],{"class":1265},[55,98065,99],{"class":91},[55,98067,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98079],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98069,106],{"class":105},[55,98071,109],{"class":91},[55,98073,1266],{"class":1265},[55,98075,109],{"class":91},[55,98077,98078],{"class":95},"empty_set",[55,98080,1273],{"class":91},[20,98082,357],{},[46,98084,98085],{"className":48,"code":8631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98086,98087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98088,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98090,3066],{"class":65},[55,98092,3069],{"class":1838},[55,98094,3072],{"class":69},[55,98096,6073],{"class":73},[55,98098,3077],{"class":69},[55,98100,3080],{"class":65},[1003,98102,98104],{"id":98103},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[46,98106,98108],{"className":48,"code":98107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98109,98110,98134,98142,98146,98156,98160,98170],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98111,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98113,2327],{"class":61},[55,98115,66],{"class":65},[55,98117,10272],{"class":91},[55,98119,228],{"class":69},[55,98121,1947],{"class":73},[55,98123,228],{"class":69},[55,98125,2764],{"class":91},[55,98127,70],{"class":69},[55,98129,11525],{"class":73},[55,98131,228],{"class":69},[55,98133,9089],{"class":91},[55,98135,98136,98138,98140],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98137,2355],{"class":61},[55,98139,66],{"class":65},[55,98141,35945],{"class":61},[55,98143,98144],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,98145,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,98147,98148,98150,98152,98154],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,98149,166],{"class":61},[55,98151,92],{"class":91},[55,98153,11163],{"class":95},[55,98155,99],{"class":91},[55,98157,98158],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,98159,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,98161,98162,98164,98166,98168],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,98163,106],{"class":105},[55,98165,109],{"class":91},[55,98167,166],{"class":95},[55,98169,342],{"class":91},[55,98171,98172,98174,98176,98178],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,98173,106],{"class":105},[55,98175,109],{"class":91},[55,98177,4543],{"class":95},[55,98179,342],{"class":91},[20,98181,357],{},[46,98183,98184],{"className":48,"code":97501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98185,98186,98192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98187,98188,98190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98189,6073],{"class":1265},[55,98191,99],{"class":91},[55,98193,98194,98196],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98195,6073],{"class":1265},[55,98197,99],{"class":91},[20,98199,1373,98200,1377,98202,98204],{},[15,98201,166],{},[15,98203,4543],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[131,98206,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,98208,1603,98210,4928],{"id":98209},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98211,97170],{},[20,98213,4931,98214,98216],{},[15,98215,3556],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1003,98218,1581,98220,98222],{"id":98219},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98221,11102],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98224,98225],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1003,98227,98229],{"id":98228},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98231,98232,98233,98235,98236,92],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98234,11102],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98237,3575],{},[1003,98239,1626,98241,1377,98243,1631],{"id":98240},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98242,11102],{},[15,98244,3575],{},[20,98246,98247,98249,98250,98252],{},[15,98248,11102],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98251,3575],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[131,98254,1643],{"id":1642},[30,98256,98257,98261,98265,98272,98278,98284],{},[33,98258,98259],{},[166,98260,96099],{"href":97269},[33,98262,98263],{},[166,98264,97108],{"href":97652},[33,98266,98267],{},[166,98268,96585,98270,1573],{"href":98269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98271,95974],{},[33,98273,98274],{},[166,98275,96585,98276,1573],{"href":97978},[15,98277,55300],{},[33,98279,98280],{},[166,98281,96585,98282,1573],{"href":97983},[15,98283,12542],{},[33,98285,98286],{},[166,98287,96585,98289,1573],{"href":98288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98290,14734],{},[1696,98292,98293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":98295},[98296,98298,98299,98300,98307,98308,98317,98326],{"id":97244,"depth":80,"text":98297},"What set.clear() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":97407,"depth":80,"text":98301,"children":98302},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98303,98305],{"id":97420,"depth":102,"text":98304},"Using clear()",{"id":97524,"depth":102,"text":98306},"Using set()",{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":98309},[98310,98312,98314,98316],{"id":97836,"depth":102,"text":98311},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97961,"depth":102,"text":98313},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97988,"depth":102,"text":98315},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98103,"depth":102,"text":98104},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":98318},[98319,98321,98323,98324],{"id":98209,"depth":102,"text":98320},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98219,"depth":102,"text":98322},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98228,"depth":102,"text":98229},{"id":98240,"depth":102,"text":98325},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97158,"description":98327},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98334,"title":98335,"body":98336,"description":100168,"extension":1733,"meta":100169,"navigation":248,"path":96102,"seo":100170,"stem":100171,"__hash__":100172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98337,"toc":100125},[98338,98341,98344,98347,98349,98452,98456,98503,98509,98511,98530,98534,98537,98539,98553,98562,98566,98569,98604,98608,98628,98631,98635,98638,98699,98703,98728,98735,98741,98746,98748,98760,98764,98813,98817,98841,98848,98852,98893,98897,98918,98922,98955,98959,99000,99003,99007,99012,99051,99055,99080,99085,99091,99128,99132,99155,99159,99161,99164,99167,99244,99248,99285,99288,99292,99298,99301,99311,99360,99366,99372,99399,99402,99424,99426,99457,99460,99464,99468,99507,99511,99574,99577,99610,99614,99639,99641,99644,99650,99653,99680,99683,99701,99705,99709,99712,99755,99758,99762,99765,99768,99798,99801,99805,99808,99823,99828,99832,99835,99924,99926,99929,100019,100022,100040,100042,100046,100056,100060,100068,100072,100075,100079,100082,100086,100089,100091,100119,100122],[10,98339,98335],{"id":98340},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98342,98343],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98345,98346],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[131,98348,3385],{"id":3384},[46,98350,98352],{"className":48,"code":98351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98353,98354,98374,98408,98418,98422,98432,98442],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98355,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98368,98370,98372],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98357,3395],{"class":61},[55,98359,66],{"class":65},[55,98361,10272],{"class":91},[55,98363,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98365,2764],{"class":91},[55,98367,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98369,2764],{"class":91},[55,98371,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98373,9089],{"class":91},[55,98375,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98377,3851],{"class":61},[55,98379,66],{"class":65},[55,98381,15412],{"class":1265},[55,98383,2758],{"class":91},[55,98385,228],{"class":69},[55,98387,3860],{"class":73},[55,98389,228],{"class":69},[55,98391,2764],{"class":91},[55,98393,70],{"class":69},[55,98395,3869],{"class":73},[55,98397,228],{"class":69},[55,98399,2764],{"class":91},[55,98401,70],{"class":69},[55,98403,3860],{"class":73},[55,98405,228],{"class":69},[55,98407,3668],{"class":91},[55,98409,98410,98412,98414,98416],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,98411,98059],{"class":61},[55,98413,66],{"class":65},[55,98415,15412],{"class":1265},[55,98417,99],{"class":91},[55,98419,98420],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,98421,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,98423,98424,98426,98428,98430],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,98425,106],{"class":105},[55,98427,109],{"class":91},[55,98429,3427],{"class":95},[55,98431,342],{"class":91},[55,98433,98434,98436,98438,98440],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,98435,106],{"class":105},[55,98437,109],{"class":91},[55,98439,3895],{"class":95},[55,98441,342],{"class":91},[55,98443,98444,98446,98448,98450],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,98445,106],{"class":105},[55,98447,109],{"class":91},[55,98449,98078],{"class":95},[55,98451,342],{"class":91},[20,98453,98454],{},[123,98455,357],{},[46,98457,98459],{"className":48,"code":98458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98460,98461,98477,98497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98462,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98464,9058],{"class":91},[55,98466,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98468,2764],{"class":91},[55,98470,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98472,2764],{"class":91},[55,98474,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98476,9089],{"class":91},[55,98478,98479,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489,98491,98493,98495],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98480,9058],{"class":91},[55,98482,3077],{"class":69},[55,98484,3869],{"class":73},[55,98486,3077],{"class":69},[55,98488,2764],{"class":91},[55,98490,3072],{"class":69},[55,98492,3860],{"class":73},[55,98494,3077],{"class":69},[55,98496,9089],{"class":91},[55,98498,98499,98501],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,98500,6073],{"class":1265},[55,98502,99],{"class":91},[20,98504,98505,98506,98508],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98507,3575],{}," for an empty set.",[131,98510,14943],{"id":14942},[30,98512,98513,98516,98521,98524,98527],{},[33,98514,98515],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98517,98518,98519],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98520,3575],{},[33,98522,98523],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98525,98526],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98528,98529],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[131,98531,98533],{"id":98532},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98535,98536],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98538,30312],{},[30,98540,98541,98544,98547,98550],{},[33,98542,98543],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98545,98546],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98548,98549],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98551,98552],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98554,98555,98556,2651,98558,92],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[166,98557,96099],{"href":97269},[166,98559,98561],{"href":98560},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[131,98563,98565],{"id":98564},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98567,98568],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[46,98570,98572],{"className":48,"code":98571,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98573,98574,98594],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98575,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98577,3395],{"class":61},[55,98579,66],{"class":65},[55,98581,10272],{"class":91},[55,98583,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98585,2764],{"class":91},[55,98587,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98589,2764],{"class":91},[55,98591,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98593,9089],{"class":91},[55,98595,98596,98598,98600,98602],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98597,106],{"class":105},[55,98599,109],{"class":91},[55,98601,3427],{"class":95},[55,98603,342],{"class":91},[20,98605,98606],{},[123,98607,29801],{},[46,98609,98610],{"className":48,"code":96378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98611,98612],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98613,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98615,9058],{"class":91},[55,98617,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98619,2764],{"class":91},[55,98621,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98623,2764],{"class":91},[55,98625,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98627,9089],{"class":91},[20,98629,98630],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1003,98632,98634],{"id":98633},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98636,98637],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[46,98639,98641],{"className":48,"code":98640,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98642,98643,98675,98685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98644,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98646,3395],{"class":61},[55,98648,66],{"class":65},[55,98650,10272],{"class":91},[55,98652,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98654,2764],{"class":91},[55,98656,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98658,2764],{"class":91},[55,98660,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98662,2764],{"class":91},[55,98664,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98666,2764],{"class":91},[55,98668,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98670,2764],{"class":91},[55,98672,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98674,9089],{"class":91},[55,98676,98677,98679,98681,98683],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98678,106],{"class":105},[55,98680,109],{"class":91},[55,98682,3427],{"class":95},[55,98684,342],{"class":91},[55,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,98688,106],{"class":105},[55,98690,109],{"class":91},[55,98692,10942],{"class":105},[55,98694,109],{"class":91},[55,98696,3427],{"class":95},[55,98698,1273],{"class":91},[20,98700,98701],{},[123,98702,29801],{},[46,98704,98706],{"className":48,"code":98705,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98707,98708,98724],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98709,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98711,9058],{"class":91},[55,98713,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98715,2764],{"class":91},[55,98717,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98719,2764],{"class":91},[55,98721,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98723,9089],{"class":91},[55,98725,98726],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98727,46387],{"class":1210},[20,98729,20756,98730,1377,98732,98734],{},[15,98731,1829],{},[15,98733,1835],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[131,98736,98738,98739],{"id":98737},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98740,3575],{},[20,98742,1866,98743,98745],{},[15,98744,3575],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98747,5241],{},[30,98749,98750,98752,98754,98756],{},[33,98751,96857],{},[33,98753,96154],{},[33,98755,56236],{},[33,98757,98758],{},[15,98759,35968],{},[1003,98761,98763],{"id":98762},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[46,98765,98767],{"className":48,"code":98766,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98768,98769,98803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98770,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98772,3395],{"class":61},[55,98774,66],{"class":65},[55,98776,15412],{"class":1265},[55,98778,2758],{"class":91},[55,98780,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98782,2764],{"class":91},[55,98784,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98786,2764],{"class":91},[55,98788,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98790,2764],{"class":91},[55,98792,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98794,2764],{"class":91},[55,98796,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98798,2764],{"class":91},[55,98800,2229],{"class":1210},[55,98802,3668],{"class":91},[55,98804,98805,98807,98809,98811],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98806,106],{"class":105},[55,98808,109],{"class":91},[55,98810,3427],{"class":95},[55,98812,342],{"class":91},[20,98814,98815],{},[123,98816,29801],{},[46,98818,98819],{"className":48,"code":96041,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,98820,98821],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98822,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98824,9058],{"class":91},[55,98826,2761],{"class":1210},[55,98828,2764],{"class":91},[55,98830,2767],{"class":1210},[55,98832,2764],{"class":91},[55,98834,2223],{"class":1210},[55,98836,2764],{"class":91},[55,98838,2229],{"class":1210},[55,98840,9089],{"class":91},[20,98842,98843,98844,92],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[166,98845,98847],{"href":98846},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1003,98849,98851],{"id":98850},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[46,98853,98855],{"className":48,"code":98854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98856,98857,98883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98858,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98860,3601],{"class":61},[55,98862,66],{"class":65},[55,98864,15412],{"class":1265},[55,98866,5295],{"class":91},[55,98868,2101],{"class":1210},[55,98870,2764],{"class":91},[55,98872,7574],{"class":1210},[55,98874,2764],{"class":91},[55,98876,7574],{"class":1210},[55,98878,2764],{"class":91},[55,98880,7579],{"class":1210},[55,98882,1273],{"class":91},[55,98884,98885,98887,98889,98891],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98886,106],{"class":105},[55,98888,109],{"class":91},[55,98890,5142],{"class":95},[55,98892,342],{"class":91},[20,98894,98895],{},[123,98896,29801],{},[46,98898,98900],{"className":48,"code":98899,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98901,98902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98903,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914,98916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98905,9058],{"class":91},[55,98907,2101],{"class":1210},[55,98909,2764],{"class":91},[55,98911,7574],{"class":1210},[55,98913,2764],{"class":91},[55,98915,7579],{"class":1210},[55,98917,9089],{"class":91},[1003,98919,98921],{"id":98920},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[46,98923,98925],{"className":48,"code":98924,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98926,98927,98945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98928,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98930,35860],{"class":61},[55,98932,66],{"class":65},[55,98934,15412],{"class":1265},[55,98936,109],{"class":91},[55,98938,228],{"class":69},[55,98940,3624],{"class":73},[55,98942,228],{"class":69},[55,98944,342],{"class":91},[55,98946,98947,98949,98951,98953],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,98948,106],{"class":105},[55,98950,109],{"class":91},[55,98952,35913],{"class":95},[55,98954,342],{"class":91},[20,98956,98957],{},[123,98958,29801],{},[46,98960,98962],{"className":48,"code":98961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98963,98964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98967,9058],{"class":91},[55,98969,3077],{"class":69},[55,98971,60211],{"class":73},[55,98973,3077],{"class":69},[55,98975,2764],{"class":91},[55,98977,3072],{"class":69},[55,98979,60220],{"class":73},[55,98981,3077],{"class":69},[55,98983,2764],{"class":91},[55,98985,3072],{"class":69},[55,98987,60229],{"class":73},[55,98989,3077],{"class":69},[55,98991,2764],{"class":91},[55,98993,3072],{"class":69},[55,98995,60246],{"class":73},[55,98997,3077],{"class":69},[55,98999,9089],{"class":91},[20,99001,99002],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[131,99004,99006],{"id":99005},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99008,99009,99010,92],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99011,3575],{},[46,99013,99015],{"className":48,"code":99014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99016,99017,99027,99037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99018,99019,99021,99023,99025],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99020,98059],{"class":61},[55,99022,66],{"class":65},[55,99024,15412],{"class":1265},[55,99026,99],{"class":91},[55,99028,99029,99031,99033,99035],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99030,106],{"class":105},[55,99032,109],{"class":91},[55,99034,98078],{"class":95},[55,99036,342],{"class":91},[55,99038,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,99040,106],{"class":105},[55,99042,109],{"class":91},[55,99044,1266],{"class":1265},[55,99046,109],{"class":91},[55,99048,98078],{"class":95},[55,99050,1273],{"class":91},[20,99052,99053],{},[123,99054,357],{},[46,99056,99058],{"className":48,"code":99057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99059,99060,99066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99061,99062,99064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99063,6073],{"class":1265},[55,99065,99],{"class":91},[55,99067,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99069,3066],{"class":65},[55,99071,3069],{"class":1838},[55,99073,3072],{"class":69},[55,99075,6073],{"class":73},[55,99077,3077],{"class":69},[55,99079,3080],{"class":65},[1003,99081,44200,99083],{"id":99082},"do-not-use",[15,99084,3570],{},[20,99086,99087,99088,99090],{},"Empty braces do ",[123,99089,902],{}," create a set.",[46,99092,99094],{"className":48,"code":99093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99095,99096,99104,99114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99097,99098,99100,99102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99099,98003],{"class":61},[55,99101,66],{"class":65},[55,99103,9619],{"class":91},[55,99105,99106,99108,99110,99112],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99107,106],{"class":105},[55,99109,109],{"class":91},[55,99111,98020],{"class":95},[55,99113,342],{"class":91},[55,99115,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,99117,106],{"class":105},[55,99119,109],{"class":91},[55,99121,1266],{"class":1265},[55,99123,109],{"class":91},[55,99125,98020],{"class":95},[55,99127,1273],{"class":91},[20,99129,99130],{},[123,99131,357],{},[46,99133,99135],{"className":48,"code":99134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99136,99137,99141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99138,99139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99140,9215],{"class":91},[55,99142,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99144,3066],{"class":65},[55,99146,3069],{"class":1838},[55,99148,3072],{"class":69},[55,99150,8600],{"class":73},[55,99152,3077],{"class":69},[55,99154,3080],{"class":65},[20,99156,99157,8567],{},[15,99158,3570],{},[131,99160,72042],{"id":72041},[20,99162,99163],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99165,99166],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[46,99168,99170],{"className":48,"code":99169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99171,99172,99220,99230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99173,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99175,3851],{"class":61},[55,99177,66],{"class":65},[55,99179,10272],{"class":91},[55,99181,228],{"class":69},[55,99183,3860],{"class":73},[55,99185,228],{"class":69},[55,99187,2764],{"class":91},[55,99189,70],{"class":69},[55,99191,3869],{"class":73},[55,99193,228],{"class":69},[55,99195,2764],{"class":91},[55,99197,70],{"class":69},[55,99199,3860],{"class":73},[55,99201,228],{"class":69},[55,99203,2764],{"class":91},[55,99205,70],{"class":69},[55,99207,3860],{"class":73},[55,99209,228],{"class":69},[55,99211,2764],{"class":91},[55,99213,70],{"class":69},[55,99215,32994],{"class":73},[55,99217,228],{"class":69},[55,99219,9089],{"class":91},[55,99221,99222,99224,99226,99228],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99223,106],{"class":105},[55,99225,109],{"class":91},[55,99227,3895],{"class":95},[55,99229,342],{"class":91},[55,99231,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,99233,106],{"class":105},[55,99235,109],{"class":91},[55,99237,10942],{"class":105},[55,99239,109],{"class":91},[55,99241,3895],{"class":95},[55,99243,1273],{"class":91},[20,99245,99246],{},[123,99247,29801],{},[46,99249,99251],{"className":48,"code":99250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99252,99253,99281],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99254,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99256,9058],{"class":91},[55,99258,3077],{"class":69},[55,99260,3869],{"class":73},[55,99262,3077],{"class":69},[55,99264,2764],{"class":91},[55,99266,3072],{"class":69},[55,99268,32994],{"class":73},[55,99270,3077],{"class":69},[55,99272,2764],{"class":91},[55,99274,3072],{"class":69},[55,99276,3860],{"class":73},[55,99278,3077],{"class":69},[55,99280,9089],{"class":91},[55,99282,99283],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99284,46387],{"class":1210},[20,99286,99287],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[131,99289,99291],{"id":99290},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99293,99294,99295,99297],{},"Set items must be ",[123,99296,96142],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99299,99300],{},"These usually work:",[30,99302,99303,99305,99307,99309],{},[33,99304,56233],{},[33,99306,56236],{},[33,99308,96154],{},[33,99310,40368],{},[46,99312,99314],{"className":48,"code":99313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99315,99316,99350],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99317,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99319,3601],{"class":61},[55,99321,66],{"class":65},[55,99323,10272],{"class":91},[55,99325,2761],{"class":1210},[55,99327,2764],{"class":91},[55,99329,70],{"class":69},[55,99331,3860],{"class":73},[55,99333,228],{"class":69},[55,99335,2764],{"class":91},[55,99337,9016],{"class":91},[55,99339,2101],{"class":1210},[55,99341,2764],{"class":91},[55,99343,7574],{"class":1210},[55,99345,9013],{"class":91},[55,99347,3696],{"class":3631},[55,99349,9089],{"class":91},[55,99351,99352,99354,99356,99358],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99353,106],{"class":105},[55,99355,109],{"class":91},[55,99357,5142],{"class":95},[55,99359,342],{"class":91},[20,99361,99362,99363,99365],{},"These do ",[123,99364,902],{}," work directly:",[30,99367,99368,99370],{},[33,99369,96857],{},[33,99371,96860],{},[46,99373,99375],{"className":48,"code":99374,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99376,99377],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99378,99379,99382,99384,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99380,99381],{"class":61},"bad_set ",[55,99383,66],{"class":65},[55,99385,99386],{"class":91}," {[",[55,99388,2761],{"class":1210},[55,99390,2764],{"class":91},[55,99392,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99394,2764],{"class":91},[55,99396,2223],{"class":1210},[55,99398,13485],{"class":91},[20,99400,99401],{},"This raises an error:",[46,99403,99404],{"className":48,"code":96916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,99405,99406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99409,2780],{"class":1265},[55,99411,539],{"class":91},[55,99413,96927],{"class":61},[55,99415,1266],{"class":1265},[55,99417,539],{"class":91},[55,99419,3072],{"class":69},[55,99421,7877],{"class":73},[55,99423,29471],{"class":69},[20,99425,51850],{},[46,99427,99429],{"className":48,"code":99428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99430,99431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99432,99433,99435,99437,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99434,99381],{"class":61},[55,99436,66],{"class":65},[55,99438,99439],{"class":91}," {{",[55,99441,228],{"class":69},[55,99443,273],{"class":73},[55,99445,228],{"class":69},[55,99447,539],{"class":91},[55,99449,70],{"class":69},[55,99451,7460],{"class":73},[55,99453,228],{"class":69},[55,99455,99456],{"class":91},"}}\n",[20,99458,99459],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[131,99461,99463],{"id":99462},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1003,99465,99467],{"id":99466},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[46,99469,99471],{"className":48,"code":99470,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99472,99473,99497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99474,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99476,3395],{"class":61},[55,99478,66],{"class":65},[55,99480,10272],{"class":91},[55,99482,2761],{"class":1210},[55,99484,2764],{"class":91},[55,99486,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99488,2764],{"class":91},[55,99490,2223],{"class":1210},[55,99492,2764],{"class":91},[55,99494,2229],{"class":1210},[55,99496,9089],{"class":91},[55,99498,99499,99501,99503,99505],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99500,106],{"class":105},[55,99502,109],{"class":91},[55,99504,3427],{"class":95},[55,99506,342],{"class":91},[1003,99508,99510],{"id":99509},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[46,99512,99514],{"className":48,"code":99513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99515,99516,99544,99559,99563],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99517,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99519,7563],{"class":61},[55,99521,66],{"class":65},[55,99523,3400],{"class":91},[55,99525,2761],{"class":1210},[55,99527,2764],{"class":91},[55,99529,5282],{"class":1210},[55,99531,2764],{"class":91},[55,99533,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99535,2764],{"class":91},[55,99537,2223],{"class":1210},[55,99539,2764],{"class":91},[55,99541,2223],{"class":1210},[55,99543,3413],{"class":91},[55,99545,99546,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99547,99548],{"class":61},"unique_items ",[55,99550,66],{"class":65},[55,99552,15412],{"class":1265},[55,99554,109],{"class":91},[55,99556,7594],{"class":95},[55,99558,342],{"class":91},[55,99560,99561],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,99562,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,99564,99565,99567,99569,99572],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,99566,106],{"class":105},[55,99568,109],{"class":91},[55,99570,99571],{"class":95},"unique_items",[55,99573,342],{"class":91},[1003,99575,98921],{"id":99576},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[46,99578,99580],{"className":48,"code":99579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99581,99582,99600],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99583,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99585,35860],{"class":61},[55,99587,66],{"class":65},[55,99589,15412],{"class":1265},[55,99591,109],{"class":91},[55,99593,228],{"class":69},[55,99595,3869],{"class":73},[55,99597,228],{"class":69},[55,99599,342],{"class":91},[55,99601,99602,99604,99606,99608],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99603,106],{"class":105},[55,99605,109],{"class":91},[55,99607,35913],{"class":95},[55,99609,342],{"class":91},[1003,99611,99613],{"id":99612},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[46,99615,99617],{"className":48,"code":99616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99618,99619,99629],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99620,99621,99623,99625,99627],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99622,98059],{"class":61},[55,99624,66],{"class":65},[55,99626,15412],{"class":1265},[55,99628,99],{"class":91},[55,99630,99631,99633,99635,99637],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99632,106],{"class":105},[55,99634,109],{"class":91},[55,99636,98078],{"class":95},[55,99638,342],{"class":91},[131,99640,1001],{"id":1000},[20,99642,99643],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1003,99645,1185,99647,99649],{"id":99646},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99648,3570],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99651,99652],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[46,99654,99656],{"className":48,"code":99655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99657,99658,99666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99659,99660,99662,99664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99661,2218],{"class":61},[55,99663,66],{"class":65},[55,99665,9619],{"class":91},[55,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99669,106],{"class":105},[55,99671,109],{"class":91},[55,99673,1266],{"class":1265},[55,99675,109],{"class":91},[55,99677,2245],{"class":95},[55,99679,1273],{"class":91},[20,99681,99682],{},"This prints:",[46,99684,99685],{"className":48,"code":8587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,99686,99687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99688,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99690,3066],{"class":65},[55,99692,3069],{"class":1838},[55,99694,3072],{"class":69},[55,99696,8600],{"class":73},[55,99698,3077],{"class":69},[55,99700,3080],{"class":65},[20,99702,1866,99703,6417],{},[15,99704,3575],{},[1003,99706,99708],{"id":99707},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99710,99711],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[46,99713,99715],{"className":48,"code":99714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99716,99717,99745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99718,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99720,3395],{"class":61},[55,99722,66],{"class":65},[55,99724,10272],{"class":91},[55,99726,2761],{"class":1210},[55,99728,2764],{"class":91},[55,99730,5282],{"class":1210},[55,99732,2764],{"class":91},[55,99734,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99736,2764],{"class":91},[55,99738,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99740,2764],{"class":91},[55,99742,2223],{"class":1210},[55,99744,9089],{"class":91},[55,99746,99747,99749,99751,99753],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99748,106],{"class":105},[55,99750,109],{"class":91},[55,99752,3427],{"class":95},[55,99754,342],{"class":91},[20,99756,99757],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1003,99759,99761],{"id":99760},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99763,99764],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99766,99767],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[46,99769,99771],{"className":48,"code":99770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99772,99773,99793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99774,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99776,3395],{"class":61},[55,99778,66],{"class":65},[55,99780,10272],{"class":91},[55,99782,2101],{"class":1210},[55,99784,2764],{"class":91},[55,99786,7574],{"class":1210},[55,99788,2764],{"class":91},[55,99790,7579],{"class":1210},[55,99792,9089],{"class":91},[55,99794,99795],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99796,99797],{"class":118},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99799,99800],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1003,99802,99804],{"id":99803},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99806,99807],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[46,99809,99811],{"className":48,"code":99810,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99812,99813,99818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99814,99815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99816,99817],{"class":118},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[55,99819,99820],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99821,99822],{"class":118},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99824,99825,99826,92],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99827,2780],{},[1003,99829,99831],{"id":99830},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99833,99834],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[46,99836,99838],{"className":48,"code":99837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99839,99840,99860,99892,99896,99910],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99841,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99843,15407],{"class":61},[55,99845,66],{"class":65},[55,99847,10272],{"class":91},[55,99849,2761],{"class":1210},[55,99851,2764],{"class":91},[55,99853,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99855,2764],{"class":91},[55,99857,2223],{"class":1210},[55,99859,9089],{"class":91},[55,99861,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99863,11504],{"class":61},[55,99865,66],{"class":65},[55,99867,10272],{"class":91},[55,99869,228],{"class":69},[55,99871,166],{"class":73},[55,99873,228],{"class":69},[55,99875,539],{"class":91},[55,99877,5282],{"class":1210},[55,99879,2764],{"class":91},[55,99881,70],{"class":69},[55,99883,4543],{"class":73},[55,99885,228],{"class":69},[55,99887,539],{"class":91},[55,99889,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99891,9089],{"class":91},[55,99893,99894],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,99895,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,99897,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,99899,106],{"class":105},[55,99901,109],{"class":91},[55,99903,1266],{"class":1265},[55,99905,109],{"class":91},[55,99907,15445],{"class":95},[55,99909,1273],{"class":91},[55,99911,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,99913,106],{"class":105},[55,99915,109],{"class":91},[55,99917,1266],{"class":1265},[55,99919,109],{"class":91},[55,99921,11230],{"class":95},[55,99923,1273],{"class":91},[131,99925,92554],{"id":92553},[20,99927,99928],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[46,99930,99932],{"className":48,"code":99931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99933,99934,99960,99964,99978,99988,100002,100009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99935,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99937,15407],{"class":61},[55,99939,66],{"class":65},[55,99941,15412],{"class":1265},[55,99943,2758],{"class":91},[55,99945,2761],{"class":1210},[55,99947,2764],{"class":91},[55,99949,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99951,2764],{"class":91},[55,99953,2767],{"class":1210},[55,99955,2764],{"class":91},[55,99957,2223],{"class":1210},[55,99959,3668],{"class":91},[55,99961,99962],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,99963,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,99965,99966,99968,99970,99972,99974,99976],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,99967,106],{"class":105},[55,99969,109],{"class":91},[55,99971,1266],{"class":1265},[55,99973,109],{"class":91},[55,99975,15445],{"class":95},[55,99977,1273],{"class":91},[55,99979,99980,99982,99984,99986],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,99981,106],{"class":105},[55,99983,109],{"class":91},[55,99985,15445],{"class":95},[55,99987,342],{"class":91},[55,99989,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,99991,106],{"class":105},[55,99993,109],{"class":91},[55,99995,10942],{"class":105},[55,99997,109],{"class":91},[55,99999,15445],{"class":95},[55,100001,1273],{"class":91},[55,100003,100004,100006],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,100005,106],{"class":105},[55,100007,100008],{"class":91},"({})\n",[55,100010,100011,100013,100015,100017],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,100012,106],{"class":105},[55,100014,109],{"class":91},[55,100016,6073],{"class":1265},[55,100018,1087],{"class":91},[20,100020,100021],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,100023,100024,100027,100030,100033],{},[33,100025,100026],{},"The object type",[33,100028,100029],{},"The actual values stored",[33,100031,100032],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,100034,100035,100036,1377,100038],{},"The difference between ",[15,100037,3570],{},[15,100039,3575],{},[131,100041,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,100043,100045],{"id":100044},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100047,100048,100049,100052,100053,100055],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100050,100051],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100054,3575],{}," with another iterable.",[1003,100057,100059],{"id":100058},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100061,1866,100062,100064,100065,100067],{},[15,100063,3575],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100066,3570],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1003,100069,100071],{"id":100070},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100073,100074],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1003,100076,100078],{"id":100077},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100080,100081],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1003,100083,100085],{"id":100084},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100087,100088],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[131,100090,1643],{"id":1642},[30,100092,100093,100097,100103,100109,100114],{},[33,100094,100095],{},[166,100096,96099],{"href":97269},[33,100098,100099],{},[166,100100,1686,100101,1573],{"href":98269},[15,100102,95979],{},[33,100104,100105],{},[166,100106,1686,100107,1573],{"href":98288},[15,100108,97084],{},[33,100110,100111],{},[166,100112,100113],{"href":98846},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100115,100116],{},[166,100117,100118],{"href":98560},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100120,100121],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1696,100123,100124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":100126},[100127,100128,100129,100130,100133,100139,100143,100144,100145,100151,100159,100160,100167],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":14942,"depth":80,"text":14943},{"id":98532,"depth":80,"text":98533},{"id":98564,"depth":80,"text":98565,"children":100131},[100132],{"id":98633,"depth":102,"text":98634},{"id":98737,"depth":80,"text":100134,"children":100135},"Create a set with set()",[100136,100137,100138],{"id":98762,"depth":102,"text":98763},{"id":98850,"depth":102,"text":98851},{"id":98920,"depth":102,"text":98921},{"id":99005,"depth":80,"text":99006,"children":100140},[100141],{"id":99082,"depth":102,"text":100142},"Do not use {}",{"id":72041,"depth":80,"text":72042},{"id":99290,"depth":80,"text":99291},{"id":99462,"depth":80,"text":99463,"children":100146},[100147,100148,100149,100150],{"id":99466,"depth":102,"text":99467},{"id":99509,"depth":102,"text":99510},{"id":99576,"depth":102,"text":98921},{"id":99612,"depth":102,"text":99613},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":100152},[100153,100155,100156,100157,100158],{"id":99646,"depth":102,"text":100154},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99707,"depth":102,"text":99708},{"id":99760,"depth":102,"text":99761},{"id":99803,"depth":102,"text":99804},{"id":99830,"depth":102,"text":99831},{"id":92553,"depth":80,"text":92554},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":100161},[100162,100163,100164,100165,100166],{"id":100044,"depth":102,"text":100045},{"id":100058,"depth":102,"text":100059},{"id":100070,"depth":102,"text":100071},{"id":100077,"depth":102,"text":100078},{"id":100084,"depth":102,"text":100085},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98335,"description":100168},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100174,"title":100175,"body":100176,"description":102607,"extension":1733,"meta":102608,"navigation":248,"path":102609,"seo":102610,"stem":102611,"__hash__":102612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100177,"toc":102572},[100178,100184,100190,100193,100195,100272,100274,100291,100301,100303,100308,100316,100318,100334,100338,100340,100342,100345,100366,100369,100393,100399,100401,100498,100500,100517,100527,100529,100531,100539,100541,100552,100554,100645,100647,100671,100682,100684,100686,100689,100819,100821,100894,100896,100917,100920,100922,100928,100933,100936,101063,101065,101082,101085,101087,101095,101098,101102,101110,101201,101203,101240,101245,101252,101329,101331,101347,101352,101357,101359,101368,101376,101457,101459,101488,101491,101495,101506,101509,101592,101594,101615,101621,101623,101625,101629,101633,101640,101705,101707,101727,101730,101799,101801,101817,101821,101827,101839,101847,101849,101934,101936,101965,101968,101972,101977,101979,102029,102032,102113,102115,102131,102135,102138,102213,102216,102220,102223,102300,102302,102335,102341,102345,102348,102483,102485,102499,102501,102503,102509,102512,102519,102527,102533,102536,102540,102543,102545,102547,102569],[10,100179,95971,100181,18],{"id":100180},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100182,100183],{},"difference()",[20,100185,100186,100189],{},[15,100187,100188],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100191,100192],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[131,100194,3385],{"id":3384},[46,100196,100198],{"className":48,"code":100197,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100199,100200,100224,100244,100262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100201,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100203,2327],{"class":61},[55,100205,66],{"class":65},[55,100207,10272],{"class":91},[55,100209,2761],{"class":1210},[55,100211,2764],{"class":91},[55,100213,2767],{"class":1210},[55,100215,2764],{"class":91},[55,100217,2223],{"class":1210},[55,100219,2764],{"class":91},[55,100221,2229],{"class":1210},[55,100223,9089],{"class":91},[55,100225,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,100227,2355],{"class":61},[55,100229,66],{"class":65},[55,100231,10272],{"class":91},[55,100233,1835],{"class":1210},[55,100235,2764],{"class":91},[55,100237,2229],{"class":1210},[55,100239,2764],{"class":91},[55,100241,4388],{"class":1210},[55,100243,9089],{"class":91},[55,100245,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,100247,83],{"class":61},[55,100249,66],{"class":65},[55,100251,56659],{"class":61},[55,100253,92],{"class":91},[55,100255,2585],{"class":95},[55,100257,109],{"class":91},[55,100259,4543],{"class":95},[55,100261,342],{"class":91},[55,100263,100264,100266,100268,100270],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,100265,106],{"class":105},[55,100267,109],{"class":91},[55,100269,112],{"class":95},[55,100271,342],{"class":91},[20,100273,357],{},[46,100275,100277],{"className":48,"code":100276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100278,100279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100280,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100282,9058],{"class":91},[55,100284,2761],{"class":1210},[55,100286,2764],{"class":91},[55,100288,2767],{"class":1210},[55,100290,9089],{"class":91},[20,100292,100293,100295,100296,100298,100299,92],{},[15,100294,100183],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100297,166],{}," that are not in ",[15,100300,4543],{},[44688,100302],{},[131,100304,134,100306,137],{"id":100305},"what-difference-does",[15,100307,100183],{},[20,100309,1750,100310,100312,100313,100315],{},[15,100311,100183],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[123,100314,902],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100317,145],{},[30,100319,100320,100325,100328,100331],{},[33,100321,100322,100324],{},[15,100323,100183],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100326,100327],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100329,100330],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100332,100333],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100335,96095,100336,92],{},[166,100337,96099],{"href":97269},[44688,100339],{},[131,100341,178],{"id":177},[20,100343,100344],{},"Use this form:",[46,100346,100348],{"className":48,"code":100347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100349,100350],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100351,100352,100355,100357,100359,100361,100364],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100353,100354],{"class":61},"set1",[55,100356,92],{"class":91},[55,100358,2585],{"class":95},[55,100360,109],{"class":91},[55,100362,100363],{"class":95},"set2",[55,100365,342],{"class":91},[20,100367,100368],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[46,100370,100372],{"className":48,"code":100371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100373,100374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100375,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100377,100354],{"class":61},[55,100379,92],{"class":91},[55,100381,2585],{"class":95},[55,100383,109],{"class":91},[55,100385,100363],{"class":95},[55,100387,2764],{"class":91},[55,100389,100390],{"class":95}," set3",[55,100392,342],{"class":91},[20,100394,100395,100396,100398],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[123,100397,5137],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100400,214],{},[46,100402,100404],{"className":48,"code":100403,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100405,100406,100434,100450,100462,100466,100488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100407,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100409,2327],{"class":61},[55,100411,66],{"class":65},[55,100413,10272],{"class":91},[55,100415,2761],{"class":1210},[55,100417,2764],{"class":91},[55,100419,2767],{"class":1210},[55,100421,2764],{"class":91},[55,100423,2223],{"class":1210},[55,100425,2764],{"class":91},[55,100427,2229],{"class":1210},[55,100429,2764],{"class":91},[55,100431,4388],{"class":1210},[55,100433,9089],{"class":91},[55,100435,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,100437,2355],{"class":61},[55,100439,66],{"class":65},[55,100441,10272],{"class":91},[55,100443,1829],{"class":1210},[55,100445,2764],{"class":91},[55,100447,2223],{"class":1210},[55,100449,9089],{"class":91},[55,100451,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,100453,82959],{"class":61},[55,100455,66],{"class":65},[55,100457,10272],{"class":91},[55,100459,1911],{"class":1210},[55,100461,9089],{"class":91},[55,100463,100464],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,100465,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,100469,83],{"class":61},[55,100471,66],{"class":65},[55,100473,56659],{"class":61},[55,100475,92],{"class":91},[55,100477,2585],{"class":95},[55,100479,109],{"class":91},[55,100481,4543],{"class":95},[55,100483,2764],{"class":91},[55,100485,9462],{"class":95},[55,100487,342],{"class":91},[55,100489,100490,100492,100494,100496],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,100491,106],{"class":105},[55,100493,109],{"class":91},[55,100495,112],{"class":95},[55,100497,342],{"class":91},[20,100499,357],{},[46,100501,100503],{"className":48,"code":100502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100504,100505],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100506,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100508,9058],{"class":91},[55,100510,2761],{"class":1210},[55,100512,2764],{"class":91},[55,100514,2229],{"class":1210},[55,100516,9089],{"class":91},[20,100518,100519,100520,100522,100523,2651,100525,92],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100521,166],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100524,4543],{},[15,100526,9520],{},[44688,100528],{},[131,100530,446],{"id":445},[20,100532,100533,100535,100536,92],{},[15,100534,100183],{}," always returns a ",[123,100537,100538],{},"new set",[20,100540,200],{},[30,100542,100543,100546,100549],{},[33,100544,100545],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100547,100548],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100550,100551],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100553,214],{},[46,100555,100557],{"className":48,"code":100556,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100558,100559,100575,100595,100599,100617,100621,100631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100560,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100562,2327],{"class":61},[55,100564,66],{"class":65},[55,100566,10272],{"class":91},[55,100568,2761],{"class":1210},[55,100570,2764],{"class":91},[55,100572,2767],{"class":1210},[55,100574,9089],{"class":91},[55,100576,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,100578,2355],{"class":61},[55,100580,66],{"class":65},[55,100582,10272],{"class":91},[55,100584,2761],{"class":1210},[55,100586,2764],{"class":91},[55,100588,2767],{"class":1210},[55,100590,2764],{"class":91},[55,100592,2223],{"class":1210},[55,100594,9089],{"class":91},[55,100596,100597],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,100598,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,100600,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,100602,83],{"class":61},[55,100604,66],{"class":65},[55,100606,56659],{"class":61},[55,100608,92],{"class":91},[55,100610,2585],{"class":95},[55,100612,109],{"class":91},[55,100614,4543],{"class":95},[55,100616,342],{"class":91},[55,100618,100619],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,100620,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,100622,100623,100625,100627,100629],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,100624,106],{"class":105},[55,100626,109],{"class":91},[55,100628,112],{"class":95},[55,100630,342],{"class":91},[55,100632,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,100634,106],{"class":105},[55,100636,109],{"class":91},[55,100638,1266],{"class":1265},[55,100640,109],{"class":91},[55,100642,112],{"class":95},[55,100644,1273],{"class":91},[20,100646,357],{},[46,100648,100649],{"className":48,"code":99057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,100650,100651,100657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100652,100653,100655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100654,6073],{"class":1265},[55,100656,99],{"class":91},[55,100658,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,100660,3066],{"class":65},[55,100662,3069],{"class":1838},[55,100664,3072],{"class":69},[55,100666,6073],{"class":73},[55,100668,3077],{"class":69},[55,100670,3080],{"class":65},[20,100672,100673,100674,18741,100676,100678,100679,100681],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100675,3575],{},[15,100677,3570],{},". In Python, ",[15,100680,3570],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44688,100683],{},[131,100685,286],{"id":285},[20,100687,100688],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[46,100690,100692],{"className":48,"code":100691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100693,100694,100727,100760,100764,100784,100788,100798,100809],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100695,100696,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100697,100698],{"class":61},"fruits_a ",[55,100700,66],{"class":65},[55,100702,10272],{"class":91},[55,100704,228],{"class":69},[55,100706,3860],{"class":73},[55,100708,228],{"class":69},[55,100710,2764],{"class":91},[55,100712,70],{"class":69},[55,100714,3869],{"class":73},[55,100716,228],{"class":69},[55,100718,2764],{"class":91},[55,100720,70],{"class":69},[55,100722,32994],{"class":73},[55,100724,228],{"class":69},[55,100726,9089],{"class":91},[55,100728,100729,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,100730,100731],{"class":61},"fruits_b ",[55,100733,66],{"class":65},[55,100735,10272],{"class":91},[55,100737,228],{"class":69},[55,100739,3869],{"class":73},[55,100741,228],{"class":69},[55,100743,2764],{"class":91},[55,100745,70],{"class":69},[55,100747,32994],{"class":73},[55,100749,228],{"class":69},[55,100751,2764],{"class":91},[55,100753,70],{"class":69},[55,100755,22309],{"class":73},[55,100757,228],{"class":69},[55,100759,9089],{"class":91},[55,100761,100762],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,100763,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,100765,100766,100768,100770,100773,100775,100777,100779,100782],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,100767,83],{"class":61},[55,100769,66],{"class":65},[55,100771,100772],{"class":61}," fruits_a",[55,100774,92],{"class":91},[55,100776,2585],{"class":95},[55,100778,109],{"class":91},[55,100780,100781],{"class":95},"fruits_b",[55,100783,342],{"class":91},[55,100785,100786],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,100787,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,100789,100790,100792,100794,100796],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,100791,106],{"class":105},[55,100793,109],{"class":91},[55,100795,112],{"class":95},[55,100797,342],{"class":91},[55,100799,100800,100802,100804,100807],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,100801,106],{"class":105},[55,100803,109],{"class":91},[55,100805,100806],{"class":95},"fruits_a",[55,100808,342],{"class":91},[55,100810,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,100812,106],{"class":105},[55,100814,109],{"class":91},[55,100816,100781],{"class":95},[55,100818,342],{"class":91},[20,100820,29801],{},[46,100822,100824],{"className":48,"code":100823,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100825,100826,100838,100866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100827,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100829,9058],{"class":91},[55,100831,3077],{"class":69},[55,100833,3860],{"class":73},[55,100835,3077],{"class":69},[55,100837,9089],{"class":91},[55,100839,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,100841,9058],{"class":91},[55,100843,3077],{"class":69},[55,100845,3869],{"class":73},[55,100847,3077],{"class":69},[55,100849,2764],{"class":91},[55,100851,3072],{"class":69},[55,100853,32994],{"class":73},[55,100855,3077],{"class":69},[55,100857,2764],{"class":91},[55,100859,3072],{"class":69},[55,100861,3860],{"class":73},[55,100863,3077],{"class":69},[55,100865,9089],{"class":91},[55,100867,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,100869,9058],{"class":91},[55,100871,3077],{"class":69},[55,100873,3869],{"class":73},[55,100875,3077],{"class":69},[55,100877,2764],{"class":91},[55,100879,3072],{"class":69},[55,100881,32994],{"class":73},[55,100883,3077],{"class":69},[55,100885,2764],{"class":91},[55,100887,3072],{"class":69},[55,100889,22309],{"class":73},[55,100891,3077],{"class":69},[55,100893,9089],{"class":91},[20,100895,11463],{},[30,100897,100898,100903,100908,100914],{},[33,100899,100900,100901],{},"Start with ",[15,100902,100806],{},[33,100904,100905,100906],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100907,100781],{},[33,100909,100910,100911,100913],{},"Only ",[15,100912,57605],{}," remains",[33,100915,100916],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100918,100919],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44688,100921],{},[131,100923,1185,100925,100927],{"id":100924},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100926,100183],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100929,100930,100931,92],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100932,100183],{},[20,100934,100935],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[46,100937,100939],{"className":48,"code":100938,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100940,100941,100973,100990,101003,101020,101024,101053],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100942,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100944,3395],{"class":61},[55,100946,66],{"class":65},[55,100948,10272],{"class":91},[55,100950,2761],{"class":1210},[55,100952,2764],{"class":91},[55,100954,2767],{"class":1210},[55,100956,2764],{"class":91},[55,100958,2223],{"class":1210},[55,100960,2764],{"class":91},[55,100962,2229],{"class":1210},[55,100964,2764],{"class":91},[55,100966,4388],{"class":1210},[55,100968,2764],{"class":91},[55,100970,37415],{"class":1210},[55,100972,9089],{"class":91},[55,100974,100975,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,100976,100977],{"class":61},"group_a ",[55,100979,66],{"class":65},[55,100981,10272],{"class":91},[55,100983,1829],{"class":1210},[55,100985,2764],{"class":91},[55,100987,2229],{"class":1210},[55,100989,9089],{"class":91},[55,100991,100992,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,100993,100994],{"class":61},"group_b ",[55,100996,66],{"class":65},[55,100998,10272],{"class":91},[55,101000,1911],{"class":1210},[55,101002,9089],{"class":91},[55,101004,101005,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101006,101007],{"class":61},"group_c ",[55,101009,66],{"class":65},[55,101011,10272],{"class":91},[55,101013,80367],{"class":1210},[55,101015,2764],{"class":91},[55,101017,5779],{"class":1210},[55,101019,9089],{"class":91},[55,101021,101022],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101023,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101025,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101041,101043,101046,101048,101051],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,101027,83],{"class":61},[55,101029,66],{"class":65},[55,101031,4045],{"class":61},[55,101033,92],{"class":91},[55,101035,2585],{"class":95},[55,101037,109],{"class":91},[55,101039,101040],{"class":95},"group_a",[55,101042,2764],{"class":91},[55,101044,101045],{"class":95}," group_b",[55,101047,2764],{"class":91},[55,101049,101050],{"class":95}," group_c",[55,101052,342],{"class":91},[55,101054,101055,101057,101059,101061],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,101056,106],{"class":105},[55,101058,109],{"class":91},[55,101060,112],{"class":95},[55,101062,342],{"class":91},[20,101064,357],{},[46,101066,101068],{"className":48,"code":101067,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101069,101070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101071,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101073,9058],{"class":91},[55,101075,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101077,2764],{"class":91},[55,101079,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101081,9089],{"class":91},[20,101083,101084],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44688,101086],{},[131,101088,101090,1477,101092],{"id":101089},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101091,100183],{},[15,101093,101094],{},"difference_update()",[20,101096,101097],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1003,101099,101100],{"id":2585},[15,101101,100183],{},[30,101103,101104,101107],{},[33,101105,101106],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101108,101109],{},"Does not change the original set",[46,101111,101113],{"className":48,"code":101112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101114,101115,101139,101155,101159,101177,101181,101191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101116,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101118,2327],{"class":61},[55,101120,66],{"class":65},[55,101122,10272],{"class":91},[55,101124,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101126,2764],{"class":91},[55,101128,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101130,2764],{"class":91},[55,101132,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101134,2764],{"class":91},[55,101136,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101138,9089],{"class":91},[55,101140,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101142,2355],{"class":61},[55,101144,66],{"class":65},[55,101146,10272],{"class":91},[55,101148,1835],{"class":1210},[55,101150,2764],{"class":91},[55,101152,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101154,9089],{"class":91},[55,101156,101157],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,101158,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101160,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101162,83],{"class":61},[55,101164,66],{"class":65},[55,101166,56659],{"class":61},[55,101168,92],{"class":91},[55,101170,2585],{"class":95},[55,101172,109],{"class":91},[55,101174,4543],{"class":95},[55,101176,342],{"class":91},[55,101178,101179],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101180,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,101184,106],{"class":105},[55,101186,109],{"class":91},[55,101188,112],{"class":95},[55,101190,342],{"class":91},[55,101192,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,101194,106],{"class":105},[55,101196,109],{"class":91},[55,101198,166],{"class":95},[55,101200,342],{"class":91},[20,101202,357],{},[46,101204,101206],{"className":48,"code":101205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101207,101208,101220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101209,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101211,9058],{"class":91},[55,101213,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101215,2764],{"class":91},[55,101217,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101219,9089],{"class":91},[55,101221,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101223,9058],{"class":91},[55,101225,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101227,2764],{"class":91},[55,101229,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101231,2764],{"class":91},[55,101233,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101235,2764],{"class":91},[55,101237,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101239,9089],{"class":91},[1003,101241,101243],{"id":101242},"difference_update",[15,101244,101094],{},[30,101246,101247,101250],{},[33,101248,101249],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101251,96089],{},[46,101253,101255],{"className":48,"code":101254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101256,101257,101281,101297,101301,101315,101319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101258,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101260,2327],{"class":61},[55,101262,66],{"class":65},[55,101264,10272],{"class":91},[55,101266,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101268,2764],{"class":91},[55,101270,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101272,2764],{"class":91},[55,101274,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101276,2764],{"class":91},[55,101278,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101280,9089],{"class":91},[55,101282,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291,101293,101295],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101284,2355],{"class":61},[55,101286,66],{"class":65},[55,101288,10272],{"class":91},[55,101290,1835],{"class":1210},[55,101292,2764],{"class":91},[55,101294,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101296,9089],{"class":91},[55,101298,101299],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,101300,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101302,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101304,166],{"class":61},[55,101306,92],{"class":91},[55,101308,101242],{"class":95},[55,101310,109],{"class":91},[55,101312,4543],{"class":95},[55,101314,342],{"class":91},[55,101316,101317],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101318,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101320,101321,101323,101325,101327],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,101322,106],{"class":105},[55,101324,109],{"class":91},[55,101326,166],{"class":95},[55,101328,342],{"class":91},[20,101330,357],{},[46,101332,101333],{"className":48,"code":100276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,101334,101335],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101336,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101338,9058],{"class":91},[55,101340,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101342,2764],{"class":91},[55,101344,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101346,9089],{"class":91},[20,101348,1866,101349,101351],{},[15,101350,100183],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101353,101354,101355,1232],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101356,101094],{},[44688,101358],{},[131,101360,101362,101364,101365,101367],{"id":101361},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101363,100183],{}," vs the ",[15,101366,1794],{}," operator",[20,101369,1750,101370,101372,101373,101375],{},[15,101371,1794],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101374,100183],{}," for two sets.",[46,101377,101379],{"className":48,"code":101378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101380,101381,101405,101421,101425,101443],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101382,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101384,2327],{"class":61},[55,101386,66],{"class":65},[55,101388,10272],{"class":91},[55,101390,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101392,2764],{"class":91},[55,101394,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101396,2764],{"class":91},[55,101398,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101400,2764],{"class":91},[55,101402,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101404,9089],{"class":91},[55,101406,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101408,2355],{"class":61},[55,101410,66],{"class":65},[55,101412,10272],{"class":91},[55,101414,1835],{"class":1210},[55,101416,2764],{"class":91},[55,101418,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101420,9089],{"class":91},[55,101422,101423],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,101424,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101426,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101428,106],{"class":105},[55,101430,109],{"class":91},[55,101432,166],{"class":95},[55,101434,92],{"class":91},[55,101436,2585],{"class":95},[55,101438,109],{"class":91},[55,101440,4543],{"class":95},[55,101442,1273],{"class":91},[55,101444,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101446,106],{"class":105},[55,101448,109],{"class":91},[55,101450,2327],{"class":95},[55,101452,1794],{"class":65},[55,101454,2332],{"class":95},[55,101456,342],{"class":91},[20,101458,357],{},[46,101460,101462],{"className":48,"code":101461,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101463,101464,101476],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101465,101466,101468,101470,101472,101474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101467,9058],{"class":91},[55,101469,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101471,2764],{"class":91},[55,101473,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101475,9089],{"class":91},[55,101477,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101479,9058],{"class":91},[55,101481,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101483,2764],{"class":91},[55,101485,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101487,9089],{"class":91},[20,101489,101490],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101492,94359,101493,1631],{},[15,101494,100183],{},[30,101496,101497,101500,101503],{},[33,101498,101499],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101501,101502],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101504,101505],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101507,101508],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[46,101510,101512],{"className":48,"code":101511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101513,101514,101542,101554,101566,101570],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101515,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101517,2327],{"class":61},[55,101519,66],{"class":65},[55,101521,10272],{"class":91},[55,101523,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101525,2764],{"class":91},[55,101527,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101529,2764],{"class":91},[55,101531,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101533,2764],{"class":91},[55,101535,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101537,2764],{"class":91},[55,101539,4388],{"class":1210},[55,101541,9089],{"class":91},[55,101543,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101545,2355],{"class":61},[55,101547,66],{"class":65},[55,101549,10272],{"class":91},[55,101551,1829],{"class":1210},[55,101553,9089],{"class":91},[55,101555,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,101557,82959],{"class":61},[55,101559,66],{"class":65},[55,101561,10272],{"class":91},[55,101563,2277],{"class":1210},[55,101565,9089],{"class":91},[55,101567,101568],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101569,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101571,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101573,106],{"class":105},[55,101575,109],{"class":91},[55,101577,166],{"class":95},[55,101579,92],{"class":91},[55,101581,2585],{"class":95},[55,101583,109],{"class":91},[55,101585,4543],{"class":95},[55,101587,2764],{"class":91},[55,101589,9462],{"class":95},[55,101591,1273],{"class":91},[20,101593,357],{},[46,101595,101597],{"className":48,"code":101596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101598,101599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101600,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101602,9058],{"class":91},[55,101604,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101606,2764],{"class":91},[55,101608,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101610,2764],{"class":91},[55,101612,4388],{"class":1210},[55,101614,9089],{"class":91},[20,101616,101617,101618,101620],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101619,1794],{}," operator expression.",[44688,101622],{},[131,101624,4301],{"id":4300},[20,101626,20989,101627,92],{},[15,101628,100183],{},[1003,101630,101632],{"id":101631},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101634,4411,101635,101637,101638,539],{},[123,101636,902],{}," change ",[15,101639,166],{},[46,101641,101643],{"className":48,"code":101642,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101644,101645,101665,101677,101681,101695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101646,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101648,2327],{"class":61},[55,101650,66],{"class":65},[55,101652,10272],{"class":91},[55,101654,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101656,2764],{"class":91},[55,101658,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101660,2764],{"class":91},[55,101662,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101664,9089],{"class":91},[55,101666,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101668,2355],{"class":61},[55,101670,66],{"class":65},[55,101672,10272],{"class":91},[55,101674,1835],{"class":1210},[55,101676,9089],{"class":91},[55,101678,101679],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,101680,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101682,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101684,166],{"class":61},[55,101686,92],{"class":91},[55,101688,2585],{"class":95},[55,101690,109],{"class":91},[55,101692,4543],{"class":95},[55,101694,342],{"class":91},[55,101696,101697,101699,101701,101703],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101698,106],{"class":105},[55,101700,109],{"class":91},[55,101702,166],{"class":95},[55,101704,342],{"class":91},[20,101706,357],{},[46,101708,101709],{"className":48,"code":96378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,101710,101711],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101714,9058],{"class":91},[55,101716,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101718,2764],{"class":91},[55,101720,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101722,2764],{"class":91},[55,101724,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101726,9089],{"class":91},[20,101728,101729],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[46,101731,101733],{"className":48,"code":101732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101734,101735,101755,101767,101771,101789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101736,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101738,2327],{"class":61},[55,101740,66],{"class":65},[55,101742,10272],{"class":91},[55,101744,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101746,2764],{"class":91},[55,101748,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101750,2764],{"class":91},[55,101752,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101754,9089],{"class":91},[55,101756,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101758,2355],{"class":61},[55,101760,66],{"class":65},[55,101762,10272],{"class":91},[55,101764,1835],{"class":1210},[55,101766,9089],{"class":91},[55,101768,101769],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,101770,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101772,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101774,2327],{"class":61},[55,101776,66],{"class":65},[55,101778,56659],{"class":61},[55,101780,92],{"class":91},[55,101782,2585],{"class":95},[55,101784,109],{"class":91},[55,101786,4543],{"class":95},[55,101788,342],{"class":91},[55,101790,101791,101793,101795,101797],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101792,106],{"class":105},[55,101794,109],{"class":91},[55,101796,166],{"class":95},[55,101798,342],{"class":91},[20,101800,357],{},[46,101802,101803],{"className":48,"code":100276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,101804,101805],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101806,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101808,9058],{"class":91},[55,101810,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101812,2764],{"class":91},[55,101814,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101816,9089],{"class":91},[1003,101818,101820],{"id":101819},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101822,101823,101826],{},[15,101824,101825],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101828,101829,101834],{},[33,101830,101831,101832],{},"keep items from ",[15,101833,166],{},[33,101835,101836,101837],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101838,4543],{},[20,101840,40679,101841,101843,101844,101846],{},[123,101842,902],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101845,4543],{},"”.",[20,101848,214],{},[46,101850,101852],{"className":48,"code":101851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101853,101854,101874,101894,101898,101916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101855,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101857,2327],{"class":61},[55,101859,66],{"class":65},[55,101861,10272],{"class":91},[55,101863,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101865,2764],{"class":91},[55,101867,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101869,2764],{"class":91},[55,101871,2223],{"class":1210},[55,101873,9089],{"class":91},[55,101875,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101877,2355],{"class":61},[55,101879,66],{"class":65},[55,101881,10272],{"class":91},[55,101883,1835],{"class":1210},[55,101885,2764],{"class":91},[55,101887,2229],{"class":1210},[55,101889,2764],{"class":91},[55,101891,4388],{"class":1210},[55,101893,9089],{"class":91},[55,101895,101896],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,101897,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,101899,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,101901,106],{"class":105},[55,101903,109],{"class":91},[55,101905,166],{"class":95},[55,101907,92],{"class":91},[55,101909,2585],{"class":95},[55,101911,109],{"class":91},[55,101913,4543],{"class":95},[55,101915,1273],{"class":91},[55,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,101919,106],{"class":105},[55,101921,109],{"class":91},[55,101923,4543],{"class":95},[55,101925,92],{"class":91},[55,101927,2585],{"class":95},[55,101929,109],{"class":91},[55,101931,166],{"class":95},[55,101933,1273],{"class":91},[20,101935,357],{},[46,101937,101939],{"className":48,"code":101938,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101940,101941,101953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101942,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101944,9058],{"class":91},[55,101946,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101948,2764],{"class":91},[55,101950,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101952,9089],{"class":91},[55,101954,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,101956,9058],{"class":91},[55,101958,2277],{"class":1210},[55,101960,2764],{"class":91},[55,101962,4388],{"class":1210},[55,101964,9089],{"class":91},[20,101966,101967],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1003,101969,101971],{"id":101970},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101973,101974,101976],{},[15,101975,100183],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101978,55090],{},[46,101980,101982],{"className":48,"code":101981,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101983,101984,102004,102020,102024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101985,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101987,2327],{"class":61},[55,101989,66],{"class":65},[55,101991,3400],{"class":91},[55,101993,2761],{"class":1210},[55,101995,2764],{"class":91},[55,101997,2767],{"class":1210},[55,101999,2764],{"class":91},[55,102001,2223],{"class":1210},[55,102003,3413],{"class":91},[55,102005,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102007,2355],{"class":61},[55,102009,66],{"class":65},[55,102011,3400],{"class":91},[55,102013,1835],{"class":1210},[55,102015,2764],{"class":91},[55,102017,2229],{"class":1210},[55,102019,3413],{"class":91},[55,102021,102022],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,102023,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,102025,102026],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,102027,102028],{"class":118},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102030,102031],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[46,102033,102035],{"className":48,"code":102034,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102036,102037,102057,102073,102077,102103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102038,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102040,2327],{"class":61},[55,102042,66],{"class":65},[55,102044,3400],{"class":91},[55,102046,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102048,2764],{"class":91},[55,102050,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102052,2764],{"class":91},[55,102054,2223],{"class":1210},[55,102056,3413],{"class":91},[55,102058,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102060,2355],{"class":61},[55,102062,66],{"class":65},[55,102064,3400],{"class":91},[55,102066,1835],{"class":1210},[55,102068,2764],{"class":91},[55,102070,2229],{"class":1210},[55,102072,3413],{"class":91},[55,102074,102075],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,102076,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,102078,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,102080,83],{"class":61},[55,102082,66],{"class":65},[55,102084,15412],{"class":1265},[55,102086,109],{"class":91},[55,102088,166],{"class":95},[55,102090,8414],{"class":91},[55,102092,2585],{"class":95},[55,102094,109],{"class":91},[55,102096,6073],{"class":1265},[55,102098,109],{"class":91},[55,102100,4543],{"class":95},[55,102102,1273],{"class":91},[55,102104,102105,102107,102109,102111],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,102106,106],{"class":105},[55,102108,109],{"class":91},[55,102110,112],{"class":95},[55,102112,342],{"class":91},[20,102114,357],{},[46,102116,102117],{"className":48,"code":100276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,102118,102119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102120,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102122,9058],{"class":91},[55,102124,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102126,2764],{"class":91},[55,102128,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102130,9089],{"class":91},[1003,102132,102134],{"id":102133},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102136,102137],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[46,102139,102141],{"className":48,"code":102140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102142,102143,102175,102191,102195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102144,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102146,2327],{"class":61},[55,102148,66],{"class":65},[55,102150,10272],{"class":91},[55,102152,228],{"class":69},[55,102154,36818],{"class":73},[55,102156,228],{"class":69},[55,102158,2764],{"class":91},[55,102160,70],{"class":69},[55,102162,57899],{"class":73},[55,102164,228],{"class":69},[55,102166,2764],{"class":91},[55,102168,70],{"class":69},[55,102170,57916],{"class":73},[55,102172,228],{"class":69},[55,102174,9089],{"class":91},[55,102176,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102178,2355],{"class":61},[55,102180,66],{"class":65},[55,102182,10272],{"class":91},[55,102184,228],{"class":69},[55,102186,57899],{"class":73},[55,102188,228],{"class":69},[55,102190,9089],{"class":91},[55,102192,102193],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,102194,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,102196,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,102198,106],{"class":105},[55,102200,109],{"class":91},[55,102202,166],{"class":95},[55,102204,92],{"class":91},[55,102206,2585],{"class":95},[55,102208,109],{"class":91},[55,102210,4543],{"class":95},[55,102212,1273],{"class":91},[20,102214,102215],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1003,102217,102219],{"id":102218},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102221,102222],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[46,102224,102226],{"className":48,"code":102225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102227,102228,102256,102268,102272,102282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102229,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102231,2327],{"class":61},[55,102233,66],{"class":65},[55,102235,10272],{"class":91},[55,102237,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102239,2764],{"class":91},[55,102241,5282],{"class":1210},[55,102243,2764],{"class":91},[55,102245,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102247,2764],{"class":91},[55,102249,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102251,2764],{"class":91},[55,102253,2223],{"class":1210},[55,102255,9089],{"class":91},[55,102257,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102259,2355],{"class":61},[55,102261,66],{"class":65},[55,102263,10272],{"class":91},[55,102265,1835],{"class":1210},[55,102267,9089],{"class":91},[55,102269,102270],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,102271,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,102275,106],{"class":105},[55,102277,109],{"class":91},[55,102279,166],{"class":95},[55,102281,342],{"class":91},[55,102283,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,102285,106],{"class":105},[55,102287,109],{"class":91},[55,102289,166],{"class":95},[55,102291,92],{"class":91},[55,102293,2585],{"class":95},[55,102295,109],{"class":91},[55,102297,4543],{"class":95},[55,102299,1273],{"class":91},[20,102301,357],{},[46,102303,102305],{"className":48,"code":102304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102306,102307,102323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102308,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102310,9058],{"class":91},[55,102312,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102314,2764],{"class":91},[55,102316,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102318,2764],{"class":91},[55,102320,2223],{"class":1210},[55,102322,9089],{"class":91},[55,102324,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102326,9058],{"class":91},[55,102328,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102330,2764],{"class":91},[55,102332,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102334,9089],{"class":91},[20,102336,102337,102338,102340],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102339,100183],{}," runs.",[1003,102342,102344],{"id":102343},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102346,102347],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[46,102349,102351],{"className":48,"code":102350,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102352,102353,102377,102397,102401,102411,102421,102439,102461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102354,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102356,2327],{"class":61},[55,102358,66],{"class":65},[55,102360,10272],{"class":91},[55,102362,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102364,2764],{"class":91},[55,102366,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102368,2764],{"class":91},[55,102370,2223],{"class":1210},[55,102372,2764],{"class":91},[55,102374,2229],{"class":1210},[55,102376,9089],{"class":91},[55,102378,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102380,2355],{"class":61},[55,102382,66],{"class":65},[55,102384,10272],{"class":91},[55,102386,1835],{"class":1210},[55,102388,2764],{"class":91},[55,102390,2229],{"class":1210},[55,102392,2764],{"class":91},[55,102394,4388],{"class":1210},[55,102396,9089],{"class":91},[55,102398,102399],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,102400,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,102402,102403,102405,102407,102409],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,102404,106],{"class":105},[55,102406,109],{"class":91},[55,102408,166],{"class":95},[55,102410,342],{"class":91},[55,102412,102413,102415,102417,102419],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,102414,106],{"class":105},[55,102416,109],{"class":91},[55,102418,4543],{"class":95},[55,102420,342],{"class":91},[55,102422,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,102424,106],{"class":105},[55,102426,109],{"class":91},[55,102428,166],{"class":95},[55,102430,92],{"class":91},[55,102432,2585],{"class":95},[55,102434,109],{"class":91},[55,102436,4543],{"class":95},[55,102438,1273],{"class":91},[55,102440,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,102442,106],{"class":105},[55,102444,109],{"class":91},[55,102446,1266],{"class":1265},[55,102448,109],{"class":91},[55,102450,166],{"class":95},[55,102452,92],{"class":91},[55,102454,2585],{"class":95},[55,102456,109],{"class":91},[55,102458,4543],{"class":95},[55,102460,2685],{"class":91},[55,102462,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,102464,106],{"class":105},[55,102466,109],{"class":91},[55,102468,10942],{"class":105},[55,102470,109],{"class":91},[55,102472,166],{"class":95},[55,102474,92],{"class":91},[55,102476,2585],{"class":95},[55,102478,109],{"class":91},[55,102480,4543],{"class":95},[55,102482,2685],{"class":91},[20,102484,10951],{},[30,102486,102487,102490,102493,102496],{},[33,102488,102489],{},"what is in each set",[33,102491,102492],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102494,102495],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102497,102498],{},"how many items remain",[44688,102500],{},[131,102502,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,102504,1581,102506,102508],{"id":102505},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102507,100183],{}," change the original set?",[20,102510,102511],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1003,102513,1626,102515,1377,102517,1631],{"id":102514},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102516,100183],{},[15,102518,101094],{},[20,102520,102521,102523,102524,102526],{},[15,102522,100183],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102525,101094],{}," modifies the original set.",[1003,102528,1613,102530,102532],{"id":102529},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102531,100183],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102534,102535],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1003,102537,102539],{"id":102538},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102541,102542],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44688,102544],{},[131,102546,1643],{"id":1642},[30,102548,102549,102553,102561],{},[33,102550,102551],{},[166,102552,96099],{"href":97269},[33,102554,102555],{},[166,102556,96585,102558,1573],{"href":102557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102559,102560],{},"intersection()",[33,102562,102563],{},[166,102564,96585,102566,1573],{"href":102565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102567,102568],{},"union()",[1696,102570,102571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":102573},[102574,102575,102577,102578,102579,102580,102582,102587,102589,102597,102606],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":100305,"depth":80,"text":102576},"What difference() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":100924,"depth":80,"text":102581},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101089,"depth":80,"text":102583,"children":102584},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102585,102586],{"id":2585,"depth":102,"text":100183},{"id":101242,"depth":102,"text":101094},{"id":101361,"depth":80,"text":102588},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":102590},[102591,102592,102593,102594,102595,102596],{"id":101631,"depth":102,"text":101632},{"id":101819,"depth":102,"text":101820},{"id":101970,"depth":102,"text":101971},{"id":102133,"depth":102,"text":102134},{"id":102218,"depth":102,"text":102219},{"id":102343,"depth":102,"text":102344},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":102598},[102599,102601,102603,102605],{"id":102505,"depth":102,"text":102600},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102514,"depth":102,"text":102602},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102529,"depth":102,"text":102604},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102538,"depth":102,"text":102539},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100175,"description":102607},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102614,"title":102615,"body":102616,"description":104311,"extension":1733,"meta":104312,"navigation":248,"path":104313,"seo":104314,"stem":104315,"__hash__":104316},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102617,"toc":104273},[102618,102624,102630,102643,102645,102746,102748,102793,102798,102803,102807,102821,102824,102832,102834,102853,102871,102875,102928,102930,102951,102958,102963,102990,102997,103096,103098,103135,103143,103147,103153,103156,103229,103231,103239,103244,103313,103315,103340,103342,103345,103448,103450,103511,103514,103518,103524,103597,103599,103632,103635,103638,103678,103684,103707,103712,103716,103727,103730,103732,103736,103742,103744,103801,103811,103813,103866,103873,103878,103946,103954,103960,103964,103966,104005,104010,104059,104063,104066,104068,104107,104110,104112,104117,104174,104176,104190,104192,104196,104202,104207,104212,104219,104230,104236,104241,104243,104270],[10,102619,95971,102621,18],{"id":102620},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102622,102623],{},"discard()",[20,102625,102626,102629],{},[15,102627,102628],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102631,102632,102633,1963,102638,13833,102640,102642],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[166,102634,102635],{"href":97978},[15,102636,102637],{},"set.remove()",[15,102639,102623],{},[123,102641,902],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[131,102644,1775],{"id":1774},[46,102646,102648],{"className":48,"code":102647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102649,102650,102682,102701,102711,102715,102736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102651,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102653,12855],{"class":61},[55,102655,66],{"class":65},[55,102657,10272],{"class":91},[55,102659,228],{"class":69},[55,102661,12872],{"class":73},[55,102663,228],{"class":69},[55,102665,2764],{"class":91},[55,102667,70],{"class":69},[55,102669,705],{"class":73},[55,102671,228],{"class":69},[55,102673,2764],{"class":91},[55,102675,70],{"class":69},[55,102677,17232],{"class":73},[55,102679,228],{"class":69},[55,102681,9089],{"class":91},[55,102683,102684,102686,102688,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102685,17279],{"class":61},[55,102687,92],{"class":91},[55,102689,102690],{"class":95},"discard",[55,102692,109],{"class":91},[55,102694,228],{"class":69},[55,102696,705],{"class":73},[55,102698,228],{"class":69},[55,102700,342],{"class":91},[55,102702,102703,102705,102707,102709],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,102704,106],{"class":105},[55,102706,109],{"class":91},[55,102708,17279],{"class":95},[55,102710,342],{"class":91},[55,102712,102713],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,102714,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,102716,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,102718,17279],{"class":61},[55,102720,92],{"class":91},[55,102722,102690],{"class":95},[55,102724,109],{"class":91},[55,102726,228],{"class":69},[55,102728,22300],{"class":73},[55,102730,228],{"class":69},[55,102732,115],{"class":91},[55,102734,102735],{"class":118},"  # no error if missing\n",[55,102737,102738,102740,102742,102744],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,102739,106],{"class":105},[55,102741,109],{"class":91},[55,102743,17279],{"class":95},[55,102745,342],{"class":91},[20,102747,29801],{},[46,102749,102751],{"className":48,"code":102750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102752,102753,102773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102754,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102756,9058],{"class":91},[55,102758,3077],{"class":69},[55,102760,12872],{"class":73},[55,102762,3077],{"class":69},[55,102764,2764],{"class":91},[55,102766,3072],{"class":69},[55,102768,17232],{"class":73},[55,102770,3077],{"class":69},[55,102772,9089],{"class":91},[55,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102776,9058],{"class":91},[55,102778,3077],{"class":69},[55,102780,12872],{"class":73},[55,102782,3077],{"class":69},[55,102784,2764],{"class":91},[55,102786,3072],{"class":69},[55,102788,17232],{"class":73},[55,102790,3077],{"class":69},[55,102792,9089],{"class":91},[20,102794,1866,102795,102797],{},[15,102796,102623],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[131,102799,134,102801,137],{"id":102800},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102802,102628],{},[20,102804,102805,539],{},[15,102806,102623],{},[30,102808,102809,102812,102815,102817],{},[33,102810,102811],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102813,102814],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102816,96086],{},[33,102818,11204,102819],{},[15,102820,3556],{},[20,102822,102823],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102825,96095,102826,2651,102829,92],{},[166,102827,102828],{"href":98560},"what a set is in Python",[166,102830,102831],{"href":97652},"how to create a set",[131,102833,178],{"id":177},[46,102835,102837],{"className":48,"code":102836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102838,102839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102840,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102842,15445],{"class":61},[55,102844,92],{"class":91},[55,102846,102690],{"class":95},[55,102848,109],{"class":91},[55,102850,2245],{"class":95},[55,102852,342],{"class":91},[30,102854,102855,102860,102865,102868],{},[33,102856,102857,102859],{},[15,102858,15445],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,102861,102862,102864],{},[15,102863,2245],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,102866,102867],{},"The set must already exist",[33,102869,102870],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1003,102872,102874],{"id":102873},"example","Example",[46,102876,102878],{"className":48,"code":102877,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102879,102880,102904,102918],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102881,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102883,3395],{"class":61},[55,102885,66],{"class":65},[55,102887,10272],{"class":91},[55,102889,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102891,2764],{"class":91},[55,102893,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102895,2764],{"class":91},[55,102897,2223],{"class":1210},[55,102899,2764],{"class":91},[55,102901,2229],{"class":1210},[55,102903,9089],{"class":91},[55,102905,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,102907,3427],{"class":61},[55,102909,92],{"class":91},[55,102911,102690],{"class":95},[55,102913,109],{"class":91},[55,102915,1835],{"class":1210},[55,102917,342],{"class":91},[55,102919,102920,102922,102924,102926],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,102921,106],{"class":105},[55,102923,109],{"class":91},[55,102925,3427],{"class":95},[55,102927,342],{"class":91},[20,102929,357],{},[46,102931,102933],{"className":48,"code":102932,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102934,102935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102936,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102938,9058],{"class":91},[55,102940,2761],{"class":1210},[55,102942,2764],{"class":91},[55,102944,2767],{"class":1210},[55,102946,2764],{"class":91},[55,102948,2229],{"class":1210},[55,102950,9089],{"class":91},[131,102952,102954,102955,102957],{"id":102953},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102956,102623],{}," different",[20,102959,102960,102962],{},[15,102961,102623],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,102964,102965,102978,102987],{},[33,102966,102967,102968,1963,102972,102974,102975,102977],{},"Unlike ",[166,102969,102970],{"href":97978},[15,102971,55300],{},[15,102973,102623],{}," does not raise ",[15,102976,19465],{}," when the item is missing",[33,102979,102967,102980,1963,102984,102986],{},[166,102981,102982],{"href":97983},[15,102983,12542],{},[15,102985,102623],{}," removes a specific item",[33,102988,102989],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1003,102991,102993,1477,102995],{"id":102992},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102994,102623],{},[15,102996,55300],{},[46,102998,103000],{"className":48,"code":102999,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103001,103002,103026,103030,103051,103061,103065,103086],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103003,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103005,7563],{"class":61},[55,103007,66],{"class":65},[55,103009,10272],{"class":91},[55,103011,228],{"class":69},[55,103013,3860],{"class":73},[55,103015,228],{"class":69},[55,103017,2764],{"class":91},[55,103019,70],{"class":69},[55,103021,3869],{"class":73},[55,103023,228],{"class":69},[55,103025,9089],{"class":91},[55,103027,103028],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103029,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103031,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103033,7594],{"class":61},[55,103035,92],{"class":91},[55,103037,102690],{"class":95},[55,103039,109],{"class":91},[55,103041,228],{"class":69},[55,103043,32994],{"class":73},[55,103045,228],{"class":69},[55,103047,115],{"class":91},[55,103049,103050],{"class":118},"   # no error\n",[55,103052,103053,103055,103057,103059],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,103054,106],{"class":105},[55,103056,109],{"class":91},[55,103058,7594],{"class":95},[55,103060,342],{"class":91},[55,103062,103063],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,103064,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103066,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,103068,7594],{"class":61},[55,103070,92],{"class":91},[55,103072,34564],{"class":95},[55,103074,109],{"class":91},[55,103076,228],{"class":69},[55,103078,3869],{"class":73},[55,103080,228],{"class":69},[55,103082,115],{"class":91},[55,103084,103085],{"class":118},"    # removes existing item\n",[55,103087,103088,103090,103092,103094],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,103089,106],{"class":105},[55,103091,109],{"class":91},[55,103093,7594],{"class":95},[55,103095,342],{"class":91},[20,103097,357],{},[46,103099,103101],{"className":48,"code":103100,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103102,103103,103123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103104,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103106,9058],{"class":91},[55,103108,3077],{"class":69},[55,103110,3860],{"class":73},[55,103112,3077],{"class":69},[55,103114,2764],{"class":91},[55,103116,3072],{"class":69},[55,103118,3869],{"class":73},[55,103120,3077],{"class":69},[55,103122,9089],{"class":91},[55,103124,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103126,9058],{"class":91},[55,103128,3077],{"class":69},[55,103130,3860],{"class":73},[55,103132,3077],{"class":69},[55,103134,9089],{"class":91},[20,103136,40116,103137,103139,103140,103142],{},[15,103138,55300],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[166,103141,10856],{"href":10855}," for more help with that case.",[131,103144,103146],{"id":103145},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103148,103149,2168,103151,92],{},[15,103150,102623],{},[15,103152,3556],{},[20,103154,103155],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[46,103157,103159],{"className":48,"code":103158,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103160,103161,103193,103215,103219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103162,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103164,12855],{"class":61},[55,103166,66],{"class":65},[55,103168,10272],{"class":91},[55,103170,228],{"class":69},[55,103172,12872],{"class":73},[55,103174,228],{"class":69},[55,103176,2764],{"class":91},[55,103178,70],{"class":69},[55,103180,705],{"class":73},[55,103182,228],{"class":69},[55,103184,2764],{"class":91},[55,103186,70],{"class":69},[55,103188,17232],{"class":73},[55,103190,228],{"class":69},[55,103192,9089],{"class":91},[55,103194,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103196,83],{"class":61},[55,103198,66],{"class":65},[55,103200,12902],{"class":61},[55,103202,92],{"class":91},[55,103204,102690],{"class":95},[55,103206,109],{"class":91},[55,103208,228],{"class":69},[55,103210,705],{"class":73},[55,103212,228],{"class":69},[55,103214,342],{"class":91},[55,103216,103217],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103218,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103220,103221,103223,103225,103227],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,103222,106],{"class":105},[55,103224,109],{"class":91},[55,103226,112],{"class":95},[55,103228,342],{"class":91},[20,103230,357],{},[46,103232,103233],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,103234,103235],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103236,103237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103238,11588],{"class":3631},[20,103240,103241,103242,539],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103243,17279],{},[46,103245,103247],{"className":48,"code":103246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103248,103249,103281,103299,103303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103252,12855],{"class":61},[55,103254,66],{"class":65},[55,103256,10272],{"class":91},[55,103258,228],{"class":69},[55,103260,12872],{"class":73},[55,103262,228],{"class":69},[55,103264,2764],{"class":91},[55,103266,70],{"class":69},[55,103268,705],{"class":73},[55,103270,228],{"class":69},[55,103272,2764],{"class":91},[55,103274,70],{"class":69},[55,103276,17232],{"class":73},[55,103278,228],{"class":69},[55,103280,9089],{"class":91},[55,103282,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103284,17279],{"class":61},[55,103286,92],{"class":91},[55,103288,102690],{"class":95},[55,103290,109],{"class":91},[55,103292,228],{"class":69},[55,103294,705],{"class":73},[55,103296,228],{"class":69},[55,103298,342],{"class":91},[55,103300,103301],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103302,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103304,103305,103307,103309,103311],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,103306,106],{"class":105},[55,103308,109],{"class":91},[55,103310,17279],{"class":95},[55,103312,342],{"class":91},[20,103314,357],{},[46,103316,103318],{"className":48,"code":103317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103319,103320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103321,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103323,9058],{"class":91},[55,103325,3077],{"class":69},[55,103327,12872],{"class":73},[55,103329,3077],{"class":69},[55,103331,2764],{"class":91},[55,103333,3072],{"class":69},[55,103335,17232],{"class":73},[55,103337,3077],{"class":69},[55,103339,9089],{"class":91},[131,103341,286],{"id":285},[20,103343,103344],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[46,103346,103348],{"className":48,"code":103347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103349,103350,103382,103386,103404,103408,103426,103430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103351,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103353,36009],{"class":61},[55,103355,66],{"class":65},[55,103357,10272],{"class":91},[55,103359,228],{"class":69},[55,103361,3860],{"class":73},[55,103363,228],{"class":69},[55,103365,2764],{"class":91},[55,103367,70],{"class":69},[55,103369,3869],{"class":73},[55,103371,228],{"class":69},[55,103373,2764],{"class":91},[55,103375,70],{"class":69},[55,103377,32994],{"class":73},[55,103379,228],{"class":69},[55,103381,9089],{"class":91},[55,103383,103384],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103385,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103387,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103389,106],{"class":105},[55,103391,109],{"class":91},[55,103393,228],{"class":69},[55,103395,11343],{"class":73},[55,103397,228],{"class":69},[55,103399,2764],{"class":91},[55,103401,52622],{"class":95},[55,103403,342],{"class":91},[55,103405,103406],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,103407,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103409,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,103411,36061],{"class":61},[55,103413,92],{"class":91},[55,103415,102690],{"class":95},[55,103417,109],{"class":91},[55,103419,228],{"class":69},[55,103421,3869],{"class":73},[55,103423,228],{"class":69},[55,103425,342],{"class":91},[55,103427,103428],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,103429,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,103433,106],{"class":105},[55,103435,109],{"class":91},[55,103437,228],{"class":69},[55,103439,11383],{"class":73},[55,103441,228],{"class":69},[55,103443,2764],{"class":91},[55,103445,52622],{"class":95},[55,103447,342],{"class":91},[20,103449,357],{},[46,103451,103453],{"className":48,"code":103452,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103454,103455,103487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103456,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103458,11403],{"class":61},[55,103460,539],{"class":91},[55,103462,10272],{"class":91},[55,103464,3077],{"class":69},[55,103466,3869],{"class":73},[55,103468,3077],{"class":69},[55,103470,2764],{"class":91},[55,103472,3072],{"class":69},[55,103474,3860],{"class":73},[55,103476,3077],{"class":69},[55,103478,2764],{"class":91},[55,103480,3072],{"class":69},[55,103482,32994],{"class":73},[55,103484,3077],{"class":69},[55,103486,9089],{"class":91},[55,103488,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103490,11456],{"class":61},[55,103492,539],{"class":91},[55,103494,10272],{"class":91},[55,103496,3077],{"class":69},[55,103498,3860],{"class":73},[55,103500,3077],{"class":69},[55,103502,2764],{"class":91},[55,103504,3072],{"class":69},[55,103506,32994],{"class":73},[55,103508,3077],{"class":69},[55,103510,9089],{"class":91},[20,103512,103513],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[131,103515,103517],{"id":103516},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103519,103520,103521,103523],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103522,102623],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[46,103525,103527],{"className":48,"code":103526,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103528,103529,103561,103565,103583,103587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103530,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103532,36009],{"class":61},[55,103534,66],{"class":65},[55,103536,10272],{"class":91},[55,103538,228],{"class":69},[55,103540,3860],{"class":73},[55,103542,228],{"class":69},[55,103544,2764],{"class":91},[55,103546,70],{"class":69},[55,103548,3869],{"class":73},[55,103550,228],{"class":69},[55,103552,2764],{"class":91},[55,103554,70],{"class":69},[55,103556,32994],{"class":73},[55,103558,228],{"class":69},[55,103560,9089],{"class":91},[55,103562,103563],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103564,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103566,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103568,36061],{"class":61},[55,103570,92],{"class":91},[55,103572,102690],{"class":95},[55,103574,109],{"class":91},[55,103576,228],{"class":69},[55,103578,22309],{"class":73},[55,103580,228],{"class":69},[55,103582,342],{"class":91},[55,103584,103585],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,103586,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103588,103589,103591,103593,103595],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,103590,106],{"class":105},[55,103592,109],{"class":91},[55,103594,36061],{"class":95},[55,103596,342],{"class":91},[20,103598,357],{},[46,103600,103602],{"className":48,"code":103601,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103603,103604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103605,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103607,9058],{"class":91},[55,103609,3077],{"class":69},[55,103611,3869],{"class":73},[55,103613,3077],{"class":69},[55,103615,2764],{"class":91},[55,103617,3072],{"class":69},[55,103619,3860],{"class":73},[55,103621,3077],{"class":69},[55,103623,2764],{"class":91},[55,103625,3072],{"class":69},[55,103627,32994],{"class":73},[55,103629,3077],{"class":69},[55,103631,9089],{"class":91},[20,103633,103634],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103636,103637],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[46,103639,103641],{"className":48,"code":103640,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103642,103643,103659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103644,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103646,488],{"class":487},[55,103648,70],{"class":69},[55,103650,22309],{"class":73},[55,103652,228],{"class":69},[55,103654,784],{"class":65},[55,103656,52622],{"class":61},[55,103658,511],{"class":91},[55,103660,103661,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103662,103663],{"class":61},"    fruits",[55,103665,92],{"class":91},[55,103667,34564],{"class":95},[55,103669,109],{"class":91},[55,103671,228],{"class":69},[55,103673,22309],{"class":73},[55,103675,228],{"class":69},[55,103677,342],{"class":91},[20,103679,103680,103681,103683],{},"With ",[15,103682,102623],{},", you can simply write:",[46,103685,103687],{"className":48,"code":103686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103688,103689],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103690,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103692,36061],{"class":61},[55,103694,92],{"class":91},[55,103696,102690],{"class":95},[55,103698,109],{"class":91},[55,103700,228],{"class":69},[55,103702,22309],{"class":73},[55,103704,228],{"class":69},[55,103706,342],{"class":91},[131,103708,4744,103710],{"id":103709},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103711,102623],{},[20,103713,1866,103714,10382],{},[15,103715,102623],{},[30,103717,103718,103721,103724],{},[33,103719,103720],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103722,103723],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103725,103726],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103728,103729],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[131,103731,1001],{"id":1000},[20,103733,8229,103734,92],{},[15,103735,102623],{},[1003,103737,8235,103739,103741],{"id":103738},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103740,102623],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103743,4308],{},[46,103745,103747],{"className":48,"code":103746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103748,103749,103769,103787,103791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103752,3395],{"class":61},[55,103754,66],{"class":65},[55,103756,10272],{"class":91},[55,103758,2761],{"class":1210},[55,103760,2764],{"class":91},[55,103762,2767],{"class":1210},[55,103764,2764],{"class":91},[55,103766,2223],{"class":1210},[55,103768,9089],{"class":91},[55,103770,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103772,3395],{"class":61},[55,103774,66],{"class":65},[55,103776,4045],{"class":61},[55,103778,92],{"class":91},[55,103780,102690],{"class":95},[55,103782,109],{"class":91},[55,103784,1829],{"class":1210},[55,103786,342],{"class":91},[55,103788,103789],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103790,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103792,103793,103795,103797,103799],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,103794,106],{"class":105},[55,103796,109],{"class":91},[55,103798,3427],{"class":95},[55,103800,342],{"class":91},[20,103802,103803,41928,103805,8384,103807,2168,103809,92],{},[15,103804,3427],{},[15,103806,3556],{},[15,103808,102623],{},[15,103810,3556],{},[20,103812,18618],{},[46,103814,103816],{"className":48,"code":103815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103817,103818,103838,103852,103856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103819,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103821,3395],{"class":61},[55,103823,66],{"class":65},[55,103825,10272],{"class":91},[55,103827,2761],{"class":1210},[55,103829,2764],{"class":91},[55,103831,2767],{"class":1210},[55,103833,2764],{"class":91},[55,103835,2223],{"class":1210},[55,103837,9089],{"class":91},[55,103839,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103841,3427],{"class":61},[55,103843,92],{"class":91},[55,103845,102690],{"class":95},[55,103847,109],{"class":91},[55,103849,1829],{"class":1210},[55,103851,342],{"class":91},[55,103853,103854],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103855,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,103857,103858,103860,103862,103864],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,103859,106],{"class":105},[55,103861,109],{"class":91},[55,103863,3427],{"class":95},[55,103865,342],{"class":91},[1003,103867,36975,103869,8483,103871],{"id":103868},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103870,102623],{},[15,103872,55300],{},[20,103874,103875,103876,92],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103877,102623],{},[46,103879,103881],{"className":48,"code":103880,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103882,103883,103915,103936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103884,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103886,35860],{"class":61},[55,103888,66],{"class":65},[55,103890,10272],{"class":91},[55,103892,228],{"class":69},[55,103894,166],{"class":73},[55,103896,228],{"class":69},[55,103898,2764],{"class":91},[55,103900,70],{"class":69},[55,103902,4543],{"class":73},[55,103904,228],{"class":69},[55,103906,2764],{"class":91},[55,103908,70],{"class":69},[55,103910,9520],{"class":73},[55,103912,228],{"class":69},[55,103914,9089],{"class":91},[55,103916,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103918,35913],{"class":61},[55,103920,92],{"class":91},[55,103922,102690],{"class":95},[55,103924,109],{"class":91},[55,103926,228],{"class":69},[55,103928,21853],{"class":73},[55,103930,228],{"class":69},[55,103932,115],{"class":91},[55,103934,103935],{"class":118},"   # safe\n",[55,103937,103938,103940,103942,103944],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,103939,106],{"class":105},[55,103941,109],{"class":91},[55,103943,35913],{"class":95},[55,103945,342],{"class":91},[20,103947,103948,103949,45678,103952,92],{},"If you use ",[15,103950,103951],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103953,19465],{},[1003,103955,25391,103957,103959],{"id":103956},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103958,102623],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103961,103962,101976],{},[15,103963,102623],{},[20,103965,1017],{},[46,103967,103969],{"className":48,"code":103968,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103970,103971,103991],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103972,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103974,7563],{"class":61},[55,103976,66],{"class":65},[55,103978,3400],{"class":91},[55,103980,2761],{"class":1210},[55,103982,2764],{"class":91},[55,103984,2767],{"class":1210},[55,103986,2764],{"class":91},[55,103988,2223],{"class":1210},[55,103990,3413],{"class":91},[55,103992,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,103994,7594],{"class":61},[55,103996,92],{"class":91},[55,103998,102690],{"class":95},[55,104000,109],{"class":91},[55,104002,1829],{"class":1210},[55,104004,342],{"class":91},[20,104006,104007,104008,539],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104009,102623],{},[46,104011,104013],{"className":48,"code":104012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104014,104015,104035,104049],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104016,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104018,7563],{"class":61},[55,104020,66],{"class":65},[55,104022,10272],{"class":91},[55,104024,2761],{"class":1210},[55,104026,2764],{"class":91},[55,104028,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104030,2764],{"class":91},[55,104032,2223],{"class":1210},[55,104034,9089],{"class":91},[55,104036,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104038,7594],{"class":61},[55,104040,92],{"class":91},[55,104042,102690],{"class":95},[55,104044,109],{"class":91},[55,104046,1829],{"class":1210},[55,104048,342],{"class":91},[55,104050,104051,104053,104055,104057],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104052,106],{"class":105},[55,104054,109],{"class":91},[55,104056,7594],{"class":95},[55,104058,342],{"class":91},[1003,104060,104062],{"id":104061},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104064,104065],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104067,2609],{},[46,104069,104071],{"className":48,"code":104070,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104072,104073,104093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104074,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104076,8945],{"class":61},[55,104078,66],{"class":65},[55,104080,10272],{"class":91},[55,104082,2761],{"class":1210},[55,104084,2764],{"class":91},[55,104086,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104088,2764],{"class":91},[55,104090,2223],{"class":1210},[55,104092,9089],{"class":91},[55,104094,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104096,8984],{"class":61},[55,104098,92],{"class":91},[55,104100,102690],{"class":95},[55,104102,2758],{"class":91},[55,104104,1829],{"class":1210},[55,104106,3668],{"class":91},[20,104108,104109],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[131,104111,8651],{"id":8650},[20,104113,8654,104114,104116],{},[15,104115,102623],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[46,104118,104120],{"className":48,"code":104119,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104121,104122,104132,104146,104160],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104123,104124,104126,104128,104130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104125,106],{"class":105},[55,104127,109],{"class":91},[55,104129,15445],{"class":95},[55,104131,342],{"class":91},[55,104133,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104135,106],{"class":105},[55,104137,109],{"class":91},[55,104139,1266],{"class":1265},[55,104141,109],{"class":91},[55,104143,15445],{"class":95},[55,104145,1273],{"class":91},[55,104147,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104149,106],{"class":105},[55,104151,109],{"class":91},[55,104153,2218],{"class":95},[55,104155,3662],{"class":487},[55,104157,96694],{"class":95},[55,104159,342],{"class":91},[55,104161,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,104163,31925],{"class":105},[55,104165,109],{"class":91},[55,104167,6073],{"class":1265},[55,104169,92],{"class":91},[55,104171,102690],{"class":1047},[55,104173,342],{"class":91},[20,104175,10951],{},[30,104177,104178,104181,104184,104187],{},[33,104179,104180],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104182,104183],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104185,104186],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104188,104189],{},"How Python documents the method",[131,104191,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,104193,104195],{"id":104194},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104197,104198,104199,104201],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104200,102623],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1003,104203,1603,104205,1606],{"id":104204},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104206,102628],{},[20,104208,4931,104209,104211],{},[15,104210,3556],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1003,104213,1626,104215,1377,104217,1631],{"id":104214},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104216,102623],{},[15,104218,55300],{},[20,104220,104221,104222,26311,104224,104226,104227,104229],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104223,55300],{},[15,104225,19465],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104228,102623],{}," does not.",[1003,104231,1613,104233,104235],{"id":104232},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104234,102623],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104237,46135,104238,104240],{},[15,104239,102623],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[131,104242,1643],{"id":1642},[30,104244,104245,104251,104257,104262,104266],{},[33,104246,104247],{},[166,104248,96585,104249,1573],{"href":97978},[15,104250,55300],{},[33,104252,104253],{},[166,104254,96585,104255,1573],{"href":97983},[15,104256,12542],{},[33,104258,104259],{},[166,104260,104261],{"href":97652},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104263,104264],{},[166,104265,100118],{"href":98560},[33,104267,104268],{},[166,104269,11043],{"href":10855},[1696,104271,104272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":104274},[104275,104276,104278,104281,104286,104287,104288,104289,104291,104300,104301,104310],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":102800,"depth":80,"text":104277},"What set.discard() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":104279},[104280],{"id":102873,"depth":102,"text":102874},{"id":102953,"depth":80,"text":104282,"children":104283},"What makes discard() different",[104284],{"id":102992,"depth":102,"text":104285},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103145,"depth":80,"text":103146},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":103516,"depth":80,"text":103517},{"id":103709,"depth":80,"text":104290},"When to use discard()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":104292},[104293,104295,104297,104299],{"id":103738,"depth":102,"text":104294},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103868,"depth":102,"text":104296},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103956,"depth":102,"text":104298},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104061,"depth":102,"text":104062},{"id":8650,"depth":80,"text":8651},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":104302},[104303,104304,104306,104308],{"id":104194,"depth":102,"text":104195},{"id":104204,"depth":102,"text":104305},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104214,"depth":102,"text":104307},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104232,"depth":102,"text":104309},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102615,"description":104311},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104318,"title":104319,"body":104320,"description":106326,"extension":1733,"meta":106327,"navigation":248,"path":106328,"seo":106329,"stem":106330,"__hash__":106331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104321,"toc":106284},[104322,104325,104333,104338,104349,104351,104406,104410,104430,104435,104439,104444,104446,104460,104462,104537,104539,104572,104577,104582,104584,104586,104601,104604,104612,104617,104632,104634,104723,104725,104814,104820,104824,104826,104864,104866,104890,104893,104908,104910,104965,104967,105000,105002,105007,105011,105015,105020,105085,105087,105107,105113,105117,105174,105176,105197,105201,105206,105251,105253,105286,105289,105293,105326,105328,105357,105361,105365,105368,105370,105389,105391,105437,105442,105456,105458,105489,105494,105497,105541,105543,105571,105575,105579,105595,105598,105663,105665,105677,105680,105684,105687,105692,105720,105722,105740,105746,105785,105787,105805,105811,105840,105842,105860,105863,105880,105882,105887,105891,105894,105920,105927,105932,105947,105956,105960,105963,105994,106000,106003,106012,106015,106017,106019,106077,106080,106105,106107,106111,106114,106118,106126,106130,106133,106137,106140,106142,106165,106167,106208,106215,106223,106226,106257,106259,106281],[10,104323,104319],{"id":104324},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104326,8902,104327,104329,104330,92],{},[15,104328,3575],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[123,104331,104332],{},"unique values only",[20,104334,35176,104335,104337],{},[15,104336,3575],{}," to:",[30,104339,104340,104343,104346],{},[33,104341,104342],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104344,104345],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104347,104348],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[131,104350,1775],{"id":1774},[46,104352,104354],{"className":48,"code":104353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104355,104356,104380,104395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104357,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104359,3395],{"class":61},[55,104361,66],{"class":65},[55,104363,3400],{"class":91},[55,104365,2761],{"class":1210},[55,104367,2764],{"class":91},[55,104369,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104371,2764],{"class":91},[55,104373,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104375,2764],{"class":91},[55,104377,2223],{"class":1210},[55,104379,3413],{"class":91},[55,104381,104382,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104383,104384],{"class":61},"unique_numbers ",[55,104386,66],{"class":65},[55,104388,15412],{"class":1265},[55,104390,109],{"class":91},[55,104392,3427],{"class":95},[55,104394,342],{"class":91},[55,104396,104397,104399,104401,104404],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104398,106],{"class":105},[55,104400,109],{"class":91},[55,104402,104403],{"class":95},"unique_numbers",[55,104405,342],{"class":91},[20,104407,104408],{},[123,104409,357],{},[46,104411,104412],{"className":48,"code":96378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,104413,104414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104417,9058],{"class":91},[55,104419,2761],{"class":1210},[55,104421,2764],{"class":91},[55,104423,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104425,2764],{"class":91},[55,104427,2223],{"class":1210},[55,104429,9089],{"class":91},[20,104431,1866,104432,104434],{},[15,104433,3575],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[131,104436,104438],{"id":104437},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104440,104441,104443],{},[15,104442,3575],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104445,30312],{},[30,104447,104448,104451,104454,104457],{},[33,104449,104450],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104452,104453],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104455,104456],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104458,104459],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104461,214],{},[46,104463,104465],{"className":48,"code":104464,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104466,104467,104507,104522,104526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104470,12855],{"class":61},[55,104472,66],{"class":65},[55,104474,3400],{"class":91},[55,104476,228],{"class":69},[55,104478,12872],{"class":73},[55,104480,228],{"class":69},[55,104482,2764],{"class":91},[55,104484,70],{"class":69},[55,104486,705],{"class":73},[55,104488,228],{"class":69},[55,104490,2764],{"class":91},[55,104492,70],{"class":69},[55,104494,12872],{"class":73},[55,104496,228],{"class":69},[55,104498,2764],{"class":91},[55,104500,70],{"class":69},[55,104502,17232],{"class":73},[55,104504,228],{"class":69},[55,104506,3413],{"class":91},[55,104508,104509,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104510,104511],{"class":61},"unique_colors ",[55,104513,66],{"class":65},[55,104515,15412],{"class":1265},[55,104517,109],{"class":91},[55,104519,17279],{"class":95},[55,104521,342],{"class":91},[55,104523,104524],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104525,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,104527,104528,104530,104532,104535],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,104529,106],{"class":105},[55,104531,109],{"class":91},[55,104533,104534],{"class":95},"unique_colors",[55,104536,342],{"class":91},[20,104538,29801],{},[46,104540,104542],{"className":48,"code":104541,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104543,104544],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104545,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104547,9058],{"class":91},[55,104549,3077],{"class":69},[55,104551,705],{"class":73},[55,104553,3077],{"class":69},[55,104555,2764],{"class":91},[55,104557,3072],{"class":69},[55,104559,17232],{"class":73},[55,104561,3077],{"class":69},[55,104563,2764],{"class":91},[55,104565,3072],{"class":69},[55,104567,12872],{"class":73},[55,104569,3077],{"class":69},[55,104571,9089],{"class":91},[20,104573,2057,104574,104576],{},[15,104575,65165],{}," appears only once.",[20,104578,104579,104580,92],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[166,104581,96099],{"href":96098},[131,104583,178],{"id":177},[20,104585,181],{},[46,104587,104589],{"className":48,"code":104588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104590,104591],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104592,104593,104595,104597,104599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104594,6073],{"class":1265},[55,104596,109],{"class":91},[55,104598,3498],{"class":95},[55,104600,342],{"class":91},[20,104602,104603],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104605,104606,104609],{},[33,104607,104608],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104610,104611],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104613,104614,104615,539],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104616,3575],{},[30,104618,104619,104621,104623,104625,104629],{},[33,104620,7877],{},[33,104622,48724],{},[33,104624,191],{},[33,104626,104627],{},[15,104628,35968],{},[33,104630,104631],{},"another set",[20,104633,1900],{},[46,104635,104637],{"className":48,"code":104636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104638,104639,104665,104687,104705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104640,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104642,106],{"class":105},[55,104644,109],{"class":91},[55,104646,6073],{"class":1265},[55,104648,2758],{"class":91},[55,104650,2761],{"class":1210},[55,104652,2764],{"class":91},[55,104654,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104656,2764],{"class":91},[55,104658,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104660,2764],{"class":91},[55,104662,2223],{"class":1210},[55,104664,2774],{"class":91},[55,104666,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104668,106],{"class":105},[55,104670,109],{"class":91},[55,104672,6073],{"class":1265},[55,104674,5295],{"class":91},[55,104676,2101],{"class":1210},[55,104678,2764],{"class":91},[55,104680,7574],{"class":1210},[55,104682,2764],{"class":91},[55,104684,5790],{"class":1210},[55,104686,2685],{"class":91},[55,104688,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104690,106],{"class":105},[55,104692,109],{"class":91},[55,104694,6073],{"class":1265},[55,104696,109],{"class":91},[55,104698,228],{"class":69},[55,104700,3624],{"class":73},[55,104702,228],{"class":69},[55,104704,1273],{"class":91},[55,104706,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,104708,106],{"class":105},[55,104710,109],{"class":91},[55,104712,6073],{"class":1265},[55,104714,109],{"class":91},[55,104716,59771],{"class":105},[55,104718,109],{"class":91},[55,104720,2277],{"class":1210},[55,104722,2685],{"class":91},[20,104724,29801],{},[46,104726,104728],{"className":48,"code":104727,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104729,104730,104746,104758,104794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104731,104732,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104733,9058],{"class":91},[55,104735,2761],{"class":1210},[55,104737,2764],{"class":91},[55,104739,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104741,2764],{"class":91},[55,104743,2223],{"class":1210},[55,104745,9089],{"class":91},[55,104747,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104749,9058],{"class":91},[55,104751,2101],{"class":1210},[55,104753,2764],{"class":91},[55,104755,7574],{"class":1210},[55,104757,9089],{"class":91},[55,104759,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104761,9058],{"class":91},[55,104763,3077],{"class":69},[55,104765,60211],{"class":73},[55,104767,3077],{"class":69},[55,104769,2764],{"class":91},[55,104771,3072],{"class":69},[55,104773,60220],{"class":73},[55,104775,3077],{"class":69},[55,104777,2764],{"class":91},[55,104779,3072],{"class":69},[55,104781,60229],{"class":73},[55,104783,3077],{"class":69},[55,104785,2764],{"class":91},[55,104787,3072],{"class":69},[55,104789,60246],{"class":73},[55,104791,3077],{"class":69},[55,104793,9089],{"class":91},[55,104795,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,104797,9058],{"class":91},[55,104799,1894],{"class":1210},[55,104801,2764],{"class":91},[55,104803,5282],{"class":1210},[55,104805,2764],{"class":91},[55,104807,2767],{"class":1210},[55,104809,2764],{"class":91},[55,104811,2223],{"class":1210},[55,104813,9089],{"class":91},[20,104815,104816,104817,92],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[166,104818,104819],{"href":64620},"Python list() function explained",[131,104821,104823],{"id":104822},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104825,98049],{},[46,104827,104828],{"className":48,"code":99014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,104829,104830,104840,104850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104831,104832,104834,104836,104838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104833,98059],{"class":61},[55,104835,66],{"class":65},[55,104837,15412],{"class":1265},[55,104839,99],{"class":91},[55,104841,104842,104844,104846,104848],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104843,106],{"class":105},[55,104845,109],{"class":91},[55,104847,98078],{"class":95},[55,104849,342],{"class":91},[55,104851,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104853,106],{"class":105},[55,104855,109],{"class":91},[55,104857,1266],{"class":1265},[55,104859,109],{"class":91},[55,104861,98078],{"class":95},[55,104863,1273],{"class":91},[20,104865,357],{},[46,104867,104868],{"className":48,"code":99057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,104869,104870,104876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104871,104872,104874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104873,6073],{"class":1265},[55,104875,99],{"class":91},[55,104877,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104879,3066],{"class":65},[55,104881,3069],{"class":1838},[55,104883,3072],{"class":69},[55,104885,6073],{"class":73},[55,104887,3077],{"class":69},[55,104889,3080],{"class":65},[20,104891,104892],{},"This is important because:",[30,104894,104895,104900],{},[33,104896,104897,104899],{},[15,104898,3575],{}," creates an empty set",[33,104901,104902,104904,104905,104907],{},[15,104903,3570],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[123,104906,902],{}," a set",[20,104909,214],{},[46,104911,104913],{"className":48,"code":104912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104914,104915,104925,104933,104937,104951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104916,104917,104919,104921,104923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104918,2327],{"class":61},[55,104920,66],{"class":65},[55,104922,15412],{"class":1265},[55,104924,99],{"class":91},[55,104926,104927,104929,104931],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104928,2355],{"class":61},[55,104930,66],{"class":65},[55,104932,9619],{"class":91},[55,104934,104935],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,104936,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,104938,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,104940,106],{"class":105},[55,104942,109],{"class":91},[55,104944,1266],{"class":1265},[55,104946,109],{"class":91},[55,104948,166],{"class":95},[55,104950,1273],{"class":91},[55,104952,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,104954,106],{"class":105},[55,104956,109],{"class":91},[55,104958,1266],{"class":1265},[55,104960,109],{"class":91},[55,104962,4543],{"class":95},[55,104964,1273],{"class":91},[20,104966,357],{},[46,104968,104970],{"className":48,"code":104969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104971,104972,104986],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104973,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104975,3066],{"class":65},[55,104977,3069],{"class":1838},[55,104979,3072],{"class":69},[55,104981,6073],{"class":73},[55,104983,3077],{"class":69},[55,104985,3080],{"class":65},[55,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,104989,3066],{"class":65},[55,104991,3069],{"class":1838},[55,104993,3072],{"class":69},[55,104995,8600],{"class":73},[55,104997,3077],{"class":69},[55,104999,3080],{"class":65},[20,105001,13828],{},[20,105003,105004,105005,92],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[166,105006,104261],{"href":96102},[131,105008,105010],{"id":105009},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1003,105012,105014],{"id":105013},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105016,105017,105018,92],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105019,3575],{},[46,105021,105023],{"className":48,"code":105022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105024,105025,105057,105071,105075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105026,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105028,3395],{"class":61},[55,105030,66],{"class":65},[55,105032,3400],{"class":91},[55,105034,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105036,2764],{"class":91},[55,105038,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105040,2764],{"class":91},[55,105042,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105044,2764],{"class":91},[55,105046,2223],{"class":1210},[55,105048,2764],{"class":91},[55,105050,2223],{"class":1210},[55,105052,2764],{"class":91},[55,105054,2223],{"class":1210},[55,105056,3413],{"class":91},[55,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105060,83],{"class":61},[55,105062,66],{"class":65},[55,105064,15412],{"class":1265},[55,105066,109],{"class":91},[55,105068,3427],{"class":95},[55,105070,342],{"class":91},[55,105072,105073],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,105074,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,105076,105077,105079,105081,105083],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,105078,106],{"class":105},[55,105080,109],{"class":91},[55,105082,112],{"class":95},[55,105084,342],{"class":91},[20,105086,357],{},[46,105088,105089],{"className":48,"code":96378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105090,105091],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105092,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105094,9058],{"class":91},[55,105096,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105098,2764],{"class":91},[55,105100,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105102,2764],{"class":91},[55,105104,2223],{"class":1210},[55,105106,9089],{"class":91},[20,105108,105109,105110,92],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[166,105111,98847],{"href":105112},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1003,105114,105116],{"id":105115},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[46,105118,105120],{"className":48,"code":105119,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105121,105122,105146,105160,105164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105123,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105125,3601],{"class":61},[55,105127,66],{"class":65},[55,105129,9016],{"class":91},[55,105131,1911],{"class":1210},[55,105133,2764],{"class":91},[55,105135,4388],{"class":1210},[55,105137,2764],{"class":91},[55,105139,5790],{"class":1210},[55,105141,2764],{"class":91},[55,105143,37708],{"class":1210},[55,105145,342],{"class":91},[55,105147,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105149,83],{"class":61},[55,105151,66],{"class":65},[55,105153,15412],{"class":1265},[55,105155,109],{"class":91},[55,105157,5142],{"class":95},[55,105159,342],{"class":91},[55,105161,105162],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,105163,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,105165,105166,105168,105170,105172],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,105167,106],{"class":105},[55,105169,109],{"class":91},[55,105171,112],{"class":95},[55,105173,342],{"class":91},[20,105175,357],{},[46,105177,105179],{"className":48,"code":105178,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105180,105181],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105182,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105184,9058],{"class":91},[55,105186,1911],{"class":1210},[55,105188,2764],{"class":91},[55,105190,5790],{"class":1210},[55,105192,2764],{"class":91},[55,105194,37708],{"class":1210},[55,105196,9089],{"class":91},[1003,105198,105200],{"id":105199},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105202,50897,105203,105205],{},[15,105204,3575],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[46,105207,105209],{"className":48,"code":105208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105210,105211,105223,105237,105241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105212,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105214,62],{"class":61},[55,105216,66],{"class":65},[55,105218,70],{"class":69},[55,105220,3869],{"class":73},[55,105222,77],{"class":69},[55,105224,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105226,83],{"class":61},[55,105228,66],{"class":65},[55,105230,15412],{"class":1265},[55,105232,109],{"class":91},[55,105234,352],{"class":95},[55,105236,342],{"class":91},[55,105238,105239],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,105240,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,105242,105243,105245,105247,105249],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,105244,106],{"class":105},[55,105246,109],{"class":91},[55,105248,112],{"class":95},[55,105250,342],{"class":91},[20,105252,29801],{},[46,105254,105256],{"className":48,"code":105255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105257,105258],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105259,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105261,9058],{"class":91},[55,105263,3077],{"class":69},[55,105265,4543],{"class":73},[55,105267,3077],{"class":69},[55,105269,2764],{"class":91},[55,105271,3072],{"class":69},[55,105273,166],{"class":73},[55,105275,3077],{"class":69},[55,105277,2764],{"class":91},[55,105279,3072],{"class":69},[55,105281,75803],{"class":73},[55,105283,3077],{"class":69},[55,105285,9089],{"class":91},[20,105287,105288],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1003,105290,105292],{"id":105291},"from-range","From range()",[46,105294,105296],{"className":48,"code":105295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105297,105298,105316],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105299,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105301,83],{"class":61},[55,105303,66],{"class":65},[55,105305,15412],{"class":1265},[55,105307,109],{"class":91},[55,105309,59771],{"class":105},[55,105311,109],{"class":91},[55,105313,1911],{"class":1210},[55,105315,1273],{"class":91},[55,105317,105318,105320,105322,105324],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105319,106],{"class":105},[55,105321,109],{"class":91},[55,105323,112],{"class":95},[55,105325,342],{"class":91},[20,105327,357],{},[46,105329,105331],{"className":48,"code":105330,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105332,105333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105334,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105336,9058],{"class":91},[55,105338,1894],{"class":1210},[55,105340,2764],{"class":91},[55,105342,5282],{"class":1210},[55,105344,2764],{"class":91},[55,105346,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105348,2764],{"class":91},[55,105350,2223],{"class":1210},[55,105352,2764],{"class":91},[55,105354,2229],{"class":1210},[55,105356,9089],{"class":91},[131,105358,105360],{"id":105359},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105362,99294,105363,92],{},[123,105364,96142],{},[20,105366,105367],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105369,99300],{},[30,105371,105372,105376,105380,105384],{},[33,105373,105374],{},[15,105375,1962],{},[33,105377,105378],{},[15,105379,3220],{},[33,105381,105382],{},[15,105383,1966],{},[33,105385,105386,105388],{},[15,105387,48724],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105390,214],{},[46,105392,105394],{"className":48,"code":105393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105395,105396,105427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105397,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105399,7563],{"class":61},[55,105401,66],{"class":65},[55,105403,10272],{"class":91},[55,105405,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105407,2764],{"class":91},[55,105409,70],{"class":69},[55,105411,3624],{"class":73},[55,105413,228],{"class":69},[55,105415,2764],{"class":91},[55,105417,9016],{"class":91},[55,105419,2101],{"class":1210},[55,105421,2764],{"class":91},[55,105423,7574],{"class":1210},[55,105425,105426],{"class":91},")}\n",[55,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105430,106],{"class":105},[55,105432,109],{"class":91},[55,105434,7594],{"class":95},[55,105436,342],{"class":91},[20,105438,99362,105439,105441],{},[123,105440,902],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105443,105444,105448,105452],{},[33,105445,105446],{},[15,105447,7877],{},[33,105449,105450],{},[15,105451,8600],{},[33,105453,105454],{},[15,105455,6073],{},[20,105457,96866],{},[46,105459,105461],{"className":48,"code":105460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105462,105463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105464,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105466,99381],{"class":61},[55,105468,66],{"class":65},[55,105470,99386],{"class":91},[55,105472,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105474,2764],{"class":91},[55,105476,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105478,17839],{"class":91},[55,105480,3400],{"class":91},[55,105482,1835],{"class":1210},[55,105484,2764],{"class":91},[55,105486,2229],{"class":1210},[55,105488,13485],{"class":91},[20,105490,76631,105491,105493],{},[15,105492,2780],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105495,105496],{},"A safer example:",[46,105498,105500],{"className":48,"code":105499,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105501,105502,105530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105503,105504,105507,105509,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105505,105506],{"class":61},"good_set ",[55,105508,66],{"class":65},[55,105510,105511],{"class":91}," {(",[55,105513,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105515,2764],{"class":91},[55,105517,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105519,9013],{"class":91},[55,105521,9016],{"class":91},[55,105523,1835],{"class":1210},[55,105525,2764],{"class":91},[55,105527,2229],{"class":1210},[55,105529,105426],{"class":91},[55,105531,105532,105534,105536,105539],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105533,106],{"class":105},[55,105535,109],{"class":91},[55,105537,105538],{"class":95},"good_set",[55,105540,342],{"class":91},[20,105542,357],{},[46,105544,105546],{"className":48,"code":105545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105547,105548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105549,105550,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105551,105552],{"class":91},"{(",[55,105554,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105556,2764],{"class":91},[55,105558,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105560,9013],{"class":91},[55,105562,9016],{"class":91},[55,105564,1835],{"class":1210},[55,105566,2764],{"class":91},[55,105568,2229],{"class":1210},[55,105570,105426],{"class":91},[131,105572,105574],{"id":105573},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105576,1866,105577,10382],{},[15,105578,3575],{},[30,105580,105581,105584,105589,105592],{},[33,105582,105583],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105585,105586,105587],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105588,3662],{},[33,105590,105591],{},"order does not matter",[33,105593,105594],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105596,105597],{},"Example of membership checking:",[46,105599,105601],{"className":48,"code":105600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105602,105603,105628,105632,105648],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105604,105605,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105621,105623,105626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105606,105607],{"class":61},"allowed_ids ",[55,105609,66],{"class":65},[55,105611,15412],{"class":1265},[55,105613,2758],{"class":91},[55,105615,46362],{"class":1210},[55,105617,2764],{"class":91},[55,105619,105620],{"class":1210}," 102",[55,105622,2764],{"class":91},[55,105624,105625],{"class":1210}," 103",[55,105627,3668],{"class":91},[55,105629,105630],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105631,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,105633,105634,105636,105638,105641,105643,105646],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,105635,106],{"class":105},[55,105637,109],{"class":91},[55,105639,105640],{"class":1210},"102",[55,105642,784],{"class":487},[55,105644,105645],{"class":95}," allowed_ids",[55,105647,342],{"class":91},[55,105649,105650,105652,105654,105657,105659,105661],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,105651,106],{"class":105},[55,105653,109],{"class":91},[55,105655,105656],{"class":1210},"999",[55,105658,784],{"class":487},[55,105660,105645],{"class":95},[55,105662,342],{"class":91},[20,105664,357],{},[46,105666,105667],{"className":48,"code":43946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105668,105669,105673],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105670,105671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105672,3760],{"class":3631},[55,105674,105675],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105676,3821],{"class":3631},[20,105678,105679],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[131,105681,105683],{"id":105682},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105685,105686],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1003,105688,1866,105690,97991],{"id":105689},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105691,3575],{},[46,105693,105694],{"className":48,"code":98052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105695,105696,105706],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105697,105698,105700,105702,105704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105699,98059],{"class":61},[55,105701,66],{"class":65},[55,105703,15412],{"class":1265},[55,105705,99],{"class":91},[55,105707,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105709,106],{"class":105},[55,105711,109],{"class":91},[55,105713,1266],{"class":1265},[55,105715,109],{"class":91},[55,105717,98078],{"class":95},[55,105719,1273],{"class":91},[20,105721,357],{},[46,105723,105724],{"className":48,"code":8631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105725,105726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105727,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105729,3066],{"class":65},[55,105731,3069],{"class":1838},[55,105733,3072],{"class":69},[55,105735,6073],{"class":73},[55,105737,3077],{"class":69},[55,105739,3080],{"class":65},[1003,105741,1866,105743,105745],{"id":105742},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105744,100051],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[46,105747,105749],{"className":48,"code":105748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105750,105751,105771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105752,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105754,3395],{"class":61},[55,105756,66],{"class":65},[55,105758,10272],{"class":91},[55,105760,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105762,2764],{"class":91},[55,105764,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105766,2764],{"class":91},[55,105768,2223],{"class":1210},[55,105770,9089],{"class":91},[55,105772,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105774,106],{"class":105},[55,105776,109],{"class":91},[55,105778,1266],{"class":1265},[55,105780,109],{"class":91},[55,105782,3427],{"class":95},[55,105784,1273],{"class":91},[20,105786,357],{},[46,105788,105789],{"className":48,"code":8631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105790,105791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105792,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105794,3066],{"class":65},[55,105796,3069],{"class":1838},[55,105798,3072],{"class":69},[55,105800,6073],{"class":73},[55,105802,3077],{"class":69},[55,105804,3080],{"class":65},[1003,105806,1866,105808,105810],{"id":105807},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105809,3570],{}," for an empty dictionary",[46,105812,105814],{"className":48,"code":105813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105815,105816,105825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105817,105818,105821,105823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105819,105820],{"class":61},"empty_dict ",[55,105822,66],{"class":65},[55,105824,9619],{"class":91},[55,105826,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105838],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105828,106],{"class":105},[55,105830,109],{"class":91},[55,105832,1266],{"class":1265},[55,105834,109],{"class":91},[55,105836,105837],{"class":95},"empty_dict",[55,105839,1273],{"class":91},[20,105841,357],{},[46,105843,105844],{"className":48,"code":8587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105845,105846],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105847,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105849,3066],{"class":65},[55,105851,3069],{"class":1838},[55,105853,3072],{"class":69},[55,105855,8600],{"class":73},[55,105857,3077],{"class":69},[55,105859,3080],{"class":65},[20,105861,105862],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,105864,105865,105870,105875],{},[33,105866,105867,105869],{},[15,105868,3575],{}," → empty set",[33,105871,105872,105874],{},[15,105873,100051],{}," → non-empty set",[33,105876,105877,105879],{},[15,105878,3570],{}," → empty dictionary",[131,105881,1001],{"id":1000},[20,105883,105884,105885,92],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105886,3575],{},[1003,105888,1185,105889,99649],{"id":99646},[15,105890,3570],{},[20,105892,105893],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[46,105895,105896],{"className":48,"code":99655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,105897,105898,105906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105899,105900,105902,105904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105901,2218],{"class":61},[55,105903,66],{"class":65},[55,105905,9619],{"class":91},[55,105907,105908,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,105909,106],{"class":105},[55,105911,109],{"class":91},[55,105913,1266],{"class":1265},[55,105915,109],{"class":91},[55,105917,2245],{"class":95},[55,105919,1273],{"class":91},[1003,105921,105923,105924],{"id":105922},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105925,105926],{},"set(5)",[20,105928,105929,105931],{},[15,105930,3575],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[46,105933,105935],{"className":48,"code":105934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set(5)\n",[15,105936,105937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105938,105939,105941,105943,105945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105940,6073],{"class":1265},[55,105942,109],{"class":91},[55,105944,1911],{"class":1210},[55,105946,342],{"class":91},[20,105948,2777,105949,105951,105952,92],{},[15,105950,2780],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[166,105953,105955],{"href":105954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1003,105957,105959],{"id":105958},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105961,105962],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[46,105964,105966],{"className":48,"code":105965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105967,105968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105969,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105971,2218],{"class":61},[55,105973,66],{"class":65},[55,105975,99386],{"class":91},[55,105977,2761],{"class":1210},[55,105979,2764],{"class":91},[55,105981,2767],{"class":1210},[55,105983,17839],{"class":91},[55,105985,3400],{"class":91},[55,105987,1835],{"class":1210},[55,105989,2764],{"class":91},[55,105991,2229],{"class":1210},[55,105993,13485],{"class":91},[1003,105995,8235,105997,105999],{"id":105996},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105998,3575],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106001,106002],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1003,106004,36975,106006,8483,106008,2651,106010],{"id":106005},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106007,3575],{},[15,106009,24555],{},[15,106011,8899],{},[20,106013,106014],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[131,106016,60483],{"id":60482},[20,106018,10893],{},[46,106020,106022],{"className":48,"code":106021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106023,106024,106039,106049,106063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106025,106026,106028,106030,106032,106034,106037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106027,106],{"class":105},[55,106029,109],{"class":91},[55,106031,1266],{"class":1265},[55,106033,109],{"class":91},[55,106035,106036],{"class":95},"my_value",[55,106038,1273],{"class":91},[55,106040,106041,106043,106045,106047],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,106042,106],{"class":105},[55,106044,109],{"class":91},[55,106046,106036],{"class":95},[55,106048,342],{"class":91},[55,106050,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,106052,106],{"class":105},[55,106054,109],{"class":91},[55,106056,7877],{"class":1265},[55,106058,109],{"class":91},[55,106060,15445],{"class":95},[55,106062,1273],{"class":91},[55,106064,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,106066,106],{"class":105},[55,106068,109],{"class":91},[55,106070,10942],{"class":105},[55,106072,109],{"class":91},[55,106074,15445],{"class":95},[55,106076,1273],{"class":91},[20,106078,106079],{},"What they help you see:",[30,106081,106082,106088,106093,106099],{},[33,106083,106084,106087],{},[15,106085,106086],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,106089,106090,90318],{},[15,106091,106092],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106094,106095,106098],{},[15,106096,106097],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106100,106101,106104],{},[15,106102,106103],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[131,106106,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,106108,106110],{"id":106109},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106112,106113],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1003,106115,106117],{"id":106116},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106119,1866,106120,106122,106123,106125],{},[15,106121,3575],{},". Do not use ",[15,106124,3570],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1003,106127,106129],{"id":106128},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106131,106132],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1003,106134,106136],{"id":106135},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106138,106139],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106141,214],{},[46,106143,106145],{"className":48,"code":106144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106146,106147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106148,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106150,106],{"class":105},[55,106152,109],{"class":91},[55,106154,6073],{"class":1265},[55,106156,109],{"class":91},[55,106158,228],{"class":69},[55,106160,3860],{"class":73},[55,106162,228],{"class":69},[55,106164,1273],{"class":91},[20,106166,29801],{},[46,106168,106170],{"className":48,"code":106169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106171,106172],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106173,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106175,9058],{"class":91},[55,106177,3077],{"class":69},[55,106179,166],{"class":73},[55,106181,3077],{"class":69},[55,106183,2764],{"class":91},[55,106185,3072],{"class":69},[55,106187,20],{"class":73},[55,106189,3077],{"class":69},[55,106191,2764],{"class":91},[55,106193,3072],{"class":69},[55,106195,60229],{"class":73},[55,106197,3077],{"class":69},[55,106199,2764],{"class":91},[55,106201,3072],{"class":69},[55,106203,60220],{"class":73},[55,106205,3077],{"class":69},[55,106207,9089],{"class":91},[1003,106209,4941,106211,106214],{"id":106210},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106212,106213],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106216,106217,28457,106219,106222],{},[15,106218,3575],{},[123,106220,106221],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106224,106225],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[46,106227,106229],{"className":48,"code":106228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106230,106231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106232,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106234,106],{"class":105},[55,106236,109],{"class":91},[55,106238,6073],{"class":1265},[55,106240,2758],{"class":91},[55,106242,2761],{"class":1210},[55,106244,2764],{"class":91},[55,106246,2767],{"class":1210},[55,106248,2764],{"class":91},[55,106250,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106252,2764],{"class":91},[55,106254,2229],{"class":1210},[55,106256,2774],{"class":91},[131,106258,1643],{"id":1642},[30,106260,106261,106265,106269,106273,106277],{},[33,106262,106263],{},[166,106264,96099],{"href":96098},[33,106266,106267],{},[166,106268,104261],{"href":96102},[33,106270,106271],{},[166,106272,100113],{"href":105112},[33,106274,106275],{},[166,106276,104819],{"href":64620},[33,106278,106279],{},[166,106280,105955],{"href":105954},[1696,106282,106283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":106285},[106286,106287,106288,106289,106290,106296,106297,106298,106306,106316,106317,106325],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":104437,"depth":80,"text":104438},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":104822,"depth":80,"text":104823},{"id":105009,"depth":80,"text":105010,"children":106291},[106292,106293,106294,106295],{"id":105013,"depth":102,"text":105014},{"id":105115,"depth":102,"text":105116},{"id":105199,"depth":102,"text":105200},{"id":105291,"depth":102,"text":105292},{"id":105359,"depth":80,"text":105360},{"id":105573,"depth":80,"text":105574},{"id":105682,"depth":80,"text":105683,"children":106299},[106300,106302,106304],{"id":105689,"depth":102,"text":106301},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105742,"depth":102,"text":106303},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105807,"depth":102,"text":106305},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":106307},[106308,106309,106311,106312,106314],{"id":99646,"depth":102,"text":100154},{"id":105922,"depth":102,"text":106310},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105958,"depth":102,"text":105959},{"id":105996,"depth":102,"text":106313},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106005,"depth":102,"text":106315},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60482,"depth":80,"text":60483},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":106318},[106319,106320,106321,106322,106323],{"id":106109,"depth":102,"text":106110},{"id":106116,"depth":102,"text":106117},{"id":106128,"depth":102,"text":106129},{"id":106135,"depth":102,"text":106136},{"id":106210,"depth":102,"text":106324},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104319,"description":106326},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106333,"title":106334,"body":106335,"description":107850,"extension":1733,"meta":107851,"navigation":248,"path":107852,"seo":107853,"stem":107854,"__hash__":107855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106336,"toc":107826},[106337,106343,106348,106351,106434,106439,106444,106449,106451,106464,106468,106470,106489,106492,106515,106518,106529,106531,106612,106614,106631,106633,106639,106642,106737,106739,106770,106772,106780,106782,106785,106896,106898,106923,106925,106947,106952,106957,106963,107072,107074,107090,107093,107096,107179,107181,107198,107206,107208,107212,107218,107309,107311,107344,107349,107356,107433,107435,107452,107458,107460,107464,107480,107483,107509,107511,107572,107574,107697,107699,107750,107756,107758,107763,107765,107771,107774,107778,107781,107785,107788,107798,107800,107823],[10,106338,1686,106340,18],{"id":106339},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106341,106342],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106344,1750,106345,106347],{},[15,106346,106342],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106349,106350],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[46,106352,106354],{"className":48,"code":106353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106355,106356,106376,106396,106400,106419,106429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106359,2327],{"class":61},[55,106361,66],{"class":65},[55,106363,10272],{"class":91},[55,106365,2761],{"class":1210},[55,106367,2764],{"class":91},[55,106369,2767],{"class":1210},[55,106371,2764],{"class":91},[55,106373,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106375,9089],{"class":91},[55,106377,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,106379,2355],{"class":61},[55,106381,66],{"class":65},[55,106383,10272],{"class":91},[55,106385,1829],{"class":1210},[55,106387,2764],{"class":91},[55,106389,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106391,2764],{"class":91},[55,106393,2229],{"class":1210},[55,106395,9089],{"class":91},[55,106397,106398],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,106399,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,106401,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106413,106415,106417],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,106403,83],{"class":61},[55,106405,66],{"class":65},[55,106407,56659],{"class":61},[55,106409,92],{"class":91},[55,106411,106412],{"class":95},"intersection",[55,106414,109],{"class":91},[55,106416,4543],{"class":95},[55,106418,342],{"class":91},[55,106420,106421,106423,106425,106427],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,106422,106],{"class":105},[55,106424,109],{"class":91},[55,106426,112],{"class":95},[55,106428,342],{"class":91},[55,106430,106431],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,106432,106433],{"class":118},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106435,1866,106436,106438],{},[15,106437,102560],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[131,106440,12776,106442,12779],{"id":106441},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106443,102560],{},[20,106445,106446,106448],{},[15,106447,102560],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106450,145],{},[30,106452,106453,106456,106458,106461],{},[33,106454,106455],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106457,100330],{},[33,106459,106460],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106462,106463],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106465,96095,106466,92],{},[166,106467,96099],{"href":96098},[131,106469,178],{"id":177},[46,106471,106473],{"className":48,"code":106472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106474,106475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106476,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106478,100354],{"class":61},[55,106480,92],{"class":91},[55,106482,106412],{"class":95},[55,106484,109],{"class":91},[55,106486,100363],{"class":95},[55,106488,342],{"class":91},[20,106490,106491],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[46,106493,106495],{"className":48,"code":106494,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106496,106497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106498,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106500,100354],{"class":61},[55,106502,92],{"class":91},[55,106504,106412],{"class":95},[55,106506,109],{"class":91},[55,106508,100363],{"class":95},[55,106510,2764],{"class":91},[55,106512,100390],{"class":95},[55,106514,342],{"class":91},[20,106516,106517],{},"Important notes:",[30,106519,106520,106523,106526],{},[33,106521,106522],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106524,106525],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106527,106528],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106530,214],{},[46,106532,106534],{"className":48,"code":106533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106535,106536,106560,106580,106584,106602],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106539,2327],{"class":61},[55,106541,66],{"class":65},[55,106543,10272],{"class":91},[55,106545,2761],{"class":1210},[55,106547,2764],{"class":91},[55,106549,2767],{"class":1210},[55,106551,2764],{"class":91},[55,106553,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106555,2764],{"class":91},[55,106557,2229],{"class":1210},[55,106559,9089],{"class":91},[55,106561,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,106563,2355],{"class":61},[55,106565,66],{"class":65},[55,106567,10272],{"class":91},[55,106569,1835],{"class":1210},[55,106571,2764],{"class":91},[55,106573,2229],{"class":1210},[55,106575,2764],{"class":91},[55,106577,4388],{"class":1210},[55,106579,9089],{"class":91},[55,106581,106582],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,106583,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,106585,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,106587,83],{"class":61},[55,106589,66],{"class":65},[55,106591,56659],{"class":61},[55,106593,92],{"class":91},[55,106595,106412],{"class":95},[55,106597,109],{"class":91},[55,106599,4543],{"class":95},[55,106601,342],{"class":91},[55,106603,106604,106606,106608,106610],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,106605,106],{"class":105},[55,106607,109],{"class":91},[55,106609,112],{"class":95},[55,106611,342],{"class":91},[20,106613,357],{},[46,106615,106617],{"className":48,"code":106616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106618,106619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106620,106621,106623,106625,106627,106629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106622,9058],{"class":91},[55,106624,1835],{"class":1210},[55,106626,2764],{"class":91},[55,106628,2229],{"class":1210},[55,106630,9089],{"class":91},[131,106632,446],{"id":445},[20,106634,106635,451,106637,92],{},[15,106636,102560],{},[123,106638,6073],{},[20,106640,106641],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[46,106643,106645],{"className":48,"code":106644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106646,106647,106667,106687,106691,106709,106713,106723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106648,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106650,2327],{"class":61},[55,106652,66],{"class":65},[55,106654,10272],{"class":91},[55,106656,2761],{"class":1210},[55,106658,2764],{"class":91},[55,106660,2767],{"class":1210},[55,106662,2764],{"class":91},[55,106664,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106666,9089],{"class":91},[55,106668,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,106670,2355],{"class":61},[55,106672,66],{"class":65},[55,106674,10272],{"class":91},[55,106676,1829],{"class":1210},[55,106678,2764],{"class":91},[55,106680,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106682,2764],{"class":91},[55,106684,2229],{"class":1210},[55,106686,9089],{"class":91},[55,106688,106689],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,106690,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,106694,83],{"class":61},[55,106696,66],{"class":65},[55,106698,56659],{"class":61},[55,106700,92],{"class":91},[55,106702,106412],{"class":95},[55,106704,109],{"class":91},[55,106706,4543],{"class":95},[55,106708,342],{"class":91},[55,106710,106711],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,106712,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,106714,106715,106717,106719,106721],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,106716,106],{"class":105},[55,106718,109],{"class":91},[55,106720,112],{"class":95},[55,106722,342],{"class":91},[55,106724,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,106726,106],{"class":105},[55,106728,109],{"class":91},[55,106730,1266],{"class":1265},[55,106732,109],{"class":91},[55,106734,112],{"class":95},[55,106736,1273],{"class":91},[20,106738,357],{},[46,106740,106742],{"className":48,"code":106741,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106743,106744,106756],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106745,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106747,9058],{"class":91},[55,106749,1829],{"class":1210},[55,106751,2764],{"class":91},[55,106753,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106755,9089],{"class":91},[55,106757,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,106759,3066],{"class":65},[55,106761,3069],{"class":1838},[55,106763,3072],{"class":69},[55,106765,6073],{"class":73},[55,106767,3077],{"class":69},[55,106769,3080],{"class":65},[20,106771,85584],{},[30,106773,106774,106777],{},[33,106775,106776],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106778,106779],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[131,106781,286],{"id":285},[20,106783,106784],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[46,106786,106788],{"className":48,"code":106787,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106789,106790,106823,106856,106860,106881,106885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106791,106792,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106793,106794],{"class":61},"colors1 ",[55,106796,66],{"class":65},[55,106798,10272],{"class":91},[55,106800,228],{"class":69},[55,106802,12872],{"class":73},[55,106804,228],{"class":69},[55,106806,2764],{"class":91},[55,106808,70],{"class":69},[55,106810,705],{"class":73},[55,106812,228],{"class":69},[55,106814,2764],{"class":91},[55,106816,70],{"class":69},[55,106818,17232],{"class":73},[55,106820,228],{"class":69},[55,106822,9089],{"class":91},[55,106824,106825,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,106826,106827],{"class":61},"colors2 ",[55,106829,66],{"class":65},[55,106831,10272],{"class":91},[55,106833,228],{"class":69},[55,106835,17232],{"class":73},[55,106837,228],{"class":69},[55,106839,2764],{"class":91},[55,106841,70],{"class":69},[55,106843,22300],{"class":73},[55,106845,228],{"class":69},[55,106847,2764],{"class":91},[55,106849,70],{"class":69},[55,106851,705],{"class":73},[55,106853,228],{"class":69},[55,106855,9089],{"class":91},[55,106857,106858],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,106859,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,106861,106862,106865,106867,106870,106872,106874,106876,106879],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,106863,106864],{"class":61},"common_colors ",[55,106866,66],{"class":65},[55,106868,106869],{"class":61}," colors1",[55,106871,92],{"class":91},[55,106873,106412],{"class":95},[55,106875,109],{"class":91},[55,106877,106878],{"class":95},"colors2",[55,106880,342],{"class":91},[55,106882,106883],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,106884,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,106886,106887,106889,106891,106894],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,106888,106],{"class":105},[55,106890,109],{"class":91},[55,106892,106893],{"class":95},"common_colors",[55,106895,342],{"class":91},[20,106897,357],{},[46,106899,106901],{"className":48,"code":106900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106902,106903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106904,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106906,9058],{"class":91},[55,106908,3077],{"class":69},[55,106910,705],{"class":73},[55,106912,3077],{"class":69},[55,106914,2764],{"class":91},[55,106916,3072],{"class":69},[55,106918,17232],{"class":73},[55,106920,3077],{"class":69},[55,106922,9089],{"class":91},[20,106924,11463],{},[30,106926,106927,106933,106937,106942],{},[33,106928,106929,106932],{},[15,106930,106931],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,106934,106935,106932],{},[15,106936,106878],{},[33,106938,106939,106941],{},[15,106940,102560],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,106943,106944,106945],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106946,106893],{},[131,106948,1185,106950,100927],{"id":106949},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106951,102560],{},[20,106953,106954,106955,92],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106956,102560],{},[20,106958,106959,106960,106962],{},"Only the values found in ",[123,106961,3493],{}," inputs will be kept.",[46,106964,106966],{"className":48,"code":106965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106967,106968,106992,107016,107036,107040,107062],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106969,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106971,2327],{"class":61},[55,106973,66],{"class":65},[55,106975,10272],{"class":91},[55,106977,2761],{"class":1210},[55,106979,2764],{"class":91},[55,106981,2767],{"class":1210},[55,106983,2764],{"class":91},[55,106985,2223],{"class":1210},[55,106987,2764],{"class":91},[55,106989,2229],{"class":1210},[55,106991,9089],{"class":91},[55,106993,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,106995,2355],{"class":61},[55,106997,66],{"class":65},[55,106999,10272],{"class":91},[55,107001,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107003,2764],{"class":91},[55,107005,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107007,2764],{"class":91},[55,107009,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107011,2764],{"class":91},[55,107013,4388],{"class":1210},[55,107015,9089],{"class":91},[55,107017,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107019,82959],{"class":61},[55,107021,66],{"class":65},[55,107023,10272],{"class":91},[55,107025,1835],{"class":1210},[55,107027,2764],{"class":91},[55,107029,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107031,2764],{"class":91},[55,107033,37415],{"class":1210},[55,107035,9089],{"class":91},[55,107037,107038],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107039,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,107043,83],{"class":61},[55,107045,66],{"class":65},[55,107047,56659],{"class":61},[55,107049,92],{"class":91},[55,107051,106412],{"class":95},[55,107053,109],{"class":91},[55,107055,4543],{"class":95},[55,107057,2764],{"class":91},[55,107059,9462],{"class":95},[55,107061,342],{"class":91},[55,107063,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,107065,106],{"class":105},[55,107067,109],{"class":91},[55,107069,112],{"class":95},[55,107071,342],{"class":91},[20,107073,357],{},[46,107075,107076],{"className":48,"code":106616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,107077,107078],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107079,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107081,9058],{"class":91},[55,107083,1835],{"class":1210},[55,107085,2764],{"class":91},[55,107087,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107089,9089],{"class":91},[20,107091,107092],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107094,107095],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[46,107097,107099],{"className":48,"code":107098,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107100,107101,107125,107129,107169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107102,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107104,2327],{"class":61},[55,107106,66],{"class":65},[55,107108,10272],{"class":91},[55,107110,2761],{"class":1210},[55,107112,2764],{"class":91},[55,107114,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107116,2764],{"class":91},[55,107118,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107120,2764],{"class":91},[55,107122,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107124,9089],{"class":91},[55,107126,107127],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107128,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107130,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107132,83],{"class":61},[55,107134,66],{"class":65},[55,107136,56659],{"class":61},[55,107138,92],{"class":91},[55,107140,106412],{"class":95},[55,107142,2758],{"class":91},[55,107144,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107146,2764],{"class":91},[55,107148,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107150,2764],{"class":91},[55,107152,37415],{"class":1210},[55,107154,17839],{"class":91},[55,107156,9016],{"class":91},[55,107158,2761],{"class":1210},[55,107160,2764],{"class":91},[55,107162,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107164,2764],{"class":91},[55,107166,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107168,1273],{"class":91},[55,107170,107171,107173,107175,107177],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107172,106],{"class":105},[55,107174,109],{"class":91},[55,107176,112],{"class":95},[55,107178,342],{"class":91},[20,107180,357],{},[46,107182,107184],{"className":48,"code":107183,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107185,107186],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107187,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107189,9058],{"class":91},[55,107191,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107193,2764],{"class":91},[55,107195,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107197,9089],{"class":91},[131,107199,107201,1477,107203],{"id":107200},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107202,102560],{},[15,107204,107205],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107207,101097],{},[1003,107209,107210],{"id":106412},[15,107211,102560],{},[30,107213,107214,107216],{},[33,107215,101106],{},[33,107217,101109],{},[46,107219,107221],{"className":48,"code":107220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107222,107223,107243,107263,107267,107285,107289,107299],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107224,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107226,2327],{"class":61},[55,107228,66],{"class":65},[55,107230,10272],{"class":91},[55,107232,2761],{"class":1210},[55,107234,2764],{"class":91},[55,107236,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107238,2764],{"class":91},[55,107240,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107242,9089],{"class":91},[55,107244,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107246,2355],{"class":61},[55,107248,66],{"class":65},[55,107250,10272],{"class":91},[55,107252,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107254,2764],{"class":91},[55,107256,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107258,2764],{"class":91},[55,107260,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107262,9089],{"class":91},[55,107264,107265],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107266,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107268,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107270,83],{"class":61},[55,107272,66],{"class":65},[55,107274,56659],{"class":61},[55,107276,92],{"class":91},[55,107278,106412],{"class":95},[55,107280,109],{"class":91},[55,107282,4543],{"class":95},[55,107284,342],{"class":91},[55,107286,107287],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,107288,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107290,107291,107293,107295,107297],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,107292,106],{"class":105},[55,107294,109],{"class":91},[55,107296,166],{"class":95},[55,107298,342],{"class":91},[55,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,107302,106],{"class":105},[55,107304,109],{"class":91},[55,107306,112],{"class":95},[55,107308,342],{"class":91},[20,107310,357],{},[46,107312,107314],{"className":48,"code":107313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107315,107316,107332],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107319,9058],{"class":91},[55,107321,2761],{"class":1210},[55,107323,2764],{"class":91},[55,107325,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107327,2764],{"class":91},[55,107329,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107331,9089],{"class":91},[55,107333,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107335,9058],{"class":91},[55,107337,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107339,2764],{"class":91},[55,107341,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107343,9089],{"class":91},[1003,107345,107347],{"id":107346},"intersection_update",[15,107348,107205],{},[30,107350,107351,107353],{},[33,107352,101249],{},[33,107354,107355],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[46,107357,107359],{"className":48,"code":107358,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107360,107361,107381,107401,107405,107419,107423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107364,2327],{"class":61},[55,107366,66],{"class":65},[55,107368,10272],{"class":91},[55,107370,2761],{"class":1210},[55,107372,2764],{"class":91},[55,107374,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107376,2764],{"class":91},[55,107378,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107380,9089],{"class":91},[55,107382,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107384,2355],{"class":61},[55,107386,66],{"class":65},[55,107388,10272],{"class":91},[55,107390,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107392,2764],{"class":91},[55,107394,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107396,2764],{"class":91},[55,107398,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107400,9089],{"class":91},[55,107402,107403],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107404,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107406,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107408,166],{"class":61},[55,107410,92],{"class":91},[55,107412,107346],{"class":95},[55,107414,109],{"class":91},[55,107416,4543],{"class":95},[55,107418,342],{"class":91},[55,107420,107421],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,107422,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107424,107425,107427,107429,107431],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,107426,106],{"class":105},[55,107428,109],{"class":91},[55,107430,166],{"class":95},[55,107432,342],{"class":91},[20,107434,357],{},[46,107436,107438],{"className":48,"code":107437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107439,107440],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107441,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107443,9058],{"class":91},[55,107445,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107447,2764],{"class":91},[55,107449,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107451,9089],{"class":91},[20,107453,107454,107455,107457],{},"Choose ",[15,107456,102560],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[131,107459,4301],{"id":4300},[20,107461,14513,107462,539],{},[15,107463,102560],{},[30,107465,107466,107469,107472,107475],{},[33,107467,107468],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107470,107471],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107473,107474],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107476,107477,107478],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107479,102560],{},[20,107481,107482],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107484,107485,107490,107493,107506],{},[33,107486,1185,107487,107489],{},[15,107488,102560],{}," when order matters",[33,107491,107492],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107494,36975,107495,8483,107497,2651,107502],{},[15,107496,102560],{},[166,107498,107500],{"href":107499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107501,102568],{},[166,107503,107504],{"href":102609},[15,107505,100183],{},[33,107507,107508],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107510,29907],{},[46,107512,107514],{"className":48,"code":107513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107515,107516,107526,107540,107558],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107517,107518,107520,107522,107524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107519,106],{"class":105},[55,107521,109],{"class":91},[55,107523,15445],{"class":95},[55,107525,342],{"class":91},[55,107527,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107529,106],{"class":105},[55,107531,109],{"class":91},[55,107533,1266],{"class":1265},[55,107535,109],{"class":91},[55,107537,112],{"class":95},[55,107539,1273],{"class":91},[55,107541,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107543,106],{"class":105},[55,107545,109],{"class":91},[55,107547,100354],{"class":95},[55,107549,92],{"class":91},[55,107551,106412],{"class":95},[55,107553,109],{"class":91},[55,107555,100363],{"class":95},[55,107557,1273],{"class":91},[55,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107561,106],{"class":105},[55,107563,109],{"class":91},[55,107565,10942],{"class":105},[55,107567,109],{"class":91},[55,107569,112],{"class":95},[55,107571,1273],{"class":91},[20,107573,214],{},[46,107575,107577],{"className":48,"code":107576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107578,107579,107603,107623,107627,107645,107649,107659,107669,107683],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107580,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107582,3395],{"class":61},[55,107584,66],{"class":65},[55,107586,10272],{"class":91},[55,107588,2761],{"class":1210},[55,107590,2764],{"class":91},[55,107592,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107594,2764],{"class":91},[55,107596,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107598,2764],{"class":91},[55,107600,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107602,9089],{"class":91},[55,107604,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107606,43322],{"class":61},[55,107608,66],{"class":65},[55,107610,10272],{"class":91},[55,107612,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107614,2764],{"class":91},[55,107616,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107618,2764],{"class":91},[55,107620,2229],{"class":1210},[55,107622,9089],{"class":91},[55,107624,107625],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107626,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107628,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107630,83],{"class":61},[55,107632,66],{"class":65},[55,107634,4045],{"class":61},[55,107636,92],{"class":91},[55,107638,106412],{"class":95},[55,107640,109],{"class":91},[55,107642,30515],{"class":95},[55,107644,342],{"class":91},[55,107646,107647],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,107648,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107650,107651,107653,107655,107657],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,107652,106],{"class":105},[55,107654,109],{"class":91},[55,107656,3427],{"class":95},[55,107658,342],{"class":91},[55,107660,107661,107663,107665,107667],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,107662,106],{"class":105},[55,107664,109],{"class":91},[55,107666,112],{"class":95},[55,107668,342],{"class":91},[55,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,107672,106],{"class":105},[55,107674,109],{"class":91},[55,107676,1266],{"class":1265},[55,107678,109],{"class":91},[55,107680,112],{"class":95},[55,107682,1273],{"class":91},[55,107684,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,107686,106],{"class":105},[55,107688,109],{"class":91},[55,107690,10942],{"class":105},[55,107692,109],{"class":91},[55,107694,112],{"class":95},[55,107696,1273],{"class":91},[20,107698,357],{},[46,107700,107702],{"className":48,"code":107701,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107703,107704,107720,107732,107746],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107705,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716,107718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107707,9058],{"class":91},[55,107709,2761],{"class":1210},[55,107711,2764],{"class":91},[55,107713,2767],{"class":1210},[55,107715,2764],{"class":91},[55,107717,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107719,9089],{"class":91},[55,107721,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107723,9058],{"class":91},[55,107725,1829],{"class":1210},[55,107727,2764],{"class":91},[55,107729,2223],{"class":1210},[55,107731,9089],{"class":91},[55,107733,107734,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107735,3066],{"class":65},[55,107737,3069],{"class":1838},[55,107739,3072],{"class":69},[55,107741,6073],{"class":73},[55,107743,3077],{"class":69},[55,107745,3080],{"class":65},[55,107747,107748],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107749,16834],{"class":1210},[20,107751,107752,107753,107755],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107754,1829],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[131,107757,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,107759,1581,107761,102508],{"id":107760},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107762,102560],{},[20,107764,102511],{},[1003,107766,4953,107768,107770],{"id":107767},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107769,102560],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107772,107773],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1003,107775,107777],{"id":107776},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107779,107780],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1003,107782,107784],{"id":107783},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107786,107787],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[46,107789,107790],{"className":48,"code":97228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,107791,107792],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107793,107794,107796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107795,6073],{"class":1265},[55,107797,99],{"class":91},[131,107799,1643],{"id":1642},[30,107801,107802,107806,107813,107819],{},[33,107803,107804],{},[166,107805,96099],{"href":96098},[33,107807,107808],{},[166,107809,1686,107810,1573],{"href":107499},[15,107811,107812],{},"set.union()",[33,107814,107815],{},[166,107816,1686,107817,1573],{"href":102609},[15,107818,100188],{},[33,107820,107821],{},[166,107822,100113],{"href":105112},[1696,107824,107825],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":107827},[107828,107830,107831,107832,107833,107835,107840,107841,107849],{"id":106441,"depth":80,"text":107829},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":106949,"depth":80,"text":107834},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107200,"depth":80,"text":107836,"children":107837},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107838,107839],{"id":106412,"depth":102,"text":102560},{"id":107346,"depth":102,"text":107205},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":107842},[107843,107845,107847,107848],{"id":107760,"depth":102,"text":107844},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107767,"depth":102,"text":107846},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107776,"depth":102,"text":107777},{"id":107783,"depth":102,"text":107784},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106334,"description":107850},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107857,"title":107858,"body":107859,"description":109095,"extension":1733,"meta":109096,"navigation":248,"path":109097,"seo":109098,"stem":109099,"__hash__":109100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107860,"toc":109062},[107861,107866,107872,107881,107883,107958,107963,107978,107988,107993,107997,108010,108014,108016,108031,108033,108049,108051,108126,108130,108133,108135,108152,108157,108212,108217,108229,108233,108236,108337,108339,108380,108383,108387,108394,108396,108421,108424,108442,108449,108455,108458,108540,108547,108550,108630,108639,108642,108647,108651,108665,108714,108719,108723,108734,108783,108794,108799,108803,108815,108864,108875,108877,108881,108904,108906,108963,108965,108979,108981,108987,108993,108999,109008,109012,109019,109023,109031,109033,109059],[10,107862,95971,107864,18],{"id":107863},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107865,12542],{},[20,107867,107868,107871],{},[15,107869,107870],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107873,107874,107875,107877,107878,107880],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[123,107876,902],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107879,12542],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[131,107882,1775],{"id":1774},[46,107884,107886],{"className":48,"code":107885,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107887,107888,107920,107934,107938,107948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107889,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107891,7563],{"class":61},[55,107893,66],{"class":65},[55,107895,10272],{"class":91},[55,107897,228],{"class":69},[55,107899,3860],{"class":73},[55,107901,228],{"class":69},[55,107903,2764],{"class":91},[55,107905,70],{"class":69},[55,107907,3869],{"class":73},[55,107909,228],{"class":69},[55,107911,2764],{"class":91},[55,107913,70],{"class":69},[55,107915,3878],{"class":73},[55,107917,228],{"class":69},[55,107919,9089],{"class":91},[55,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,107923,69707],{"class":61},[55,107925,66],{"class":65},[55,107927,5751],{"class":61},[55,107929,92],{"class":91},[55,107931,26014],{"class":95},[55,107933,99],{"class":91},[55,107935,107936],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,107937,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,107939,107940,107942,107944,107946],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,107941,106],{"class":105},[55,107943,109],{"class":91},[55,107945,69730],{"class":95},[55,107947,342],{"class":91},[55,107949,107950,107952,107954,107956],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,107951,106],{"class":105},[55,107953,109],{"class":91},[55,107955,7594],{"class":95},[55,107957,342],{"class":91},[20,107959,107960],{},[123,107961,107962],{},"What this does:",[30,107964,107965,107970,107975],{},[33,107966,107967,107968],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107969,7594],{},[33,107971,107972,107973],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107974,69730],{},[33,107976,107977],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107979,107980,126,107982,107984,107985,107987],{},[123,107981,125],{},[15,107983,107870],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[123,107986,902],{}," chosen by index.",[131,107989,134,107991,137],{"id":107990},"what-setpop-does",[15,107992,107870],{},[20,107994,107995,539],{},[15,107996,107870],{},[30,107998,107999,108001,108004,108007],{},[33,108000,102811],{},[33,108002,108003],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,108005,108006],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,108008,108009],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108011,96095,108012,92],{},[166,108013,96099],{"href":97269},[131,108015,178],{"id":177},[46,108017,108019],{"className":48,"code":108018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108020,108021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108022,108023,108025,108027,108029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108024,15445],{"class":61},[55,108026,92],{"class":91},[55,108028,26014],{"class":95},[55,108030,99],{"class":91},[20,108032,145],{},[30,108034,108035,108041,108046],{},[33,108036,108037,108038],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108039,108040],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,108042,108043,108044],{},"It takes ",[123,108045,28460],{},[33,108047,108048],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108050,214],{},[46,108052,108054],{"className":48,"code":108053,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108055,108056,108088,108102,108106,108116],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108057,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108059,12855],{"class":61},[55,108061,66],{"class":65},[55,108063,10272],{"class":91},[55,108065,228],{"class":69},[55,108067,12872],{"class":73},[55,108069,228],{"class":69},[55,108071,2764],{"class":91},[55,108073,70],{"class":69},[55,108075,705],{"class":73},[55,108077,228],{"class":69},[55,108079,2764],{"class":91},[55,108081,70],{"class":69},[55,108083,17232],{"class":73},[55,108085,228],{"class":69},[55,108087,9089],{"class":91},[55,108089,108090,108092,108094,108096,108098,108100],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108091,28310],{"class":61},[55,108093,66],{"class":65},[55,108095,12902],{"class":61},[55,108097,92],{"class":91},[55,108099,26014],{"class":95},[55,108101,99],{"class":91},[55,108103,108104],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108105,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,108107,108108,108110,108112,108114],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,108109,106],{"class":105},[55,108111,109],{"class":91},[55,108113,23087],{"class":95},[55,108115,342],{"class":91},[55,108117,108118,108120,108122,108124],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,108119,106],{"class":105},[55,108121,109],{"class":91},[55,108123,17279],{"class":95},[55,108125,342],{"class":91},[131,108127,108129],{"id":108128},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108131,108132],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108134,1881],{},[30,108136,108137,108143,108146],{},[33,108138,108139,108140,108142],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108141,12542],{}," removes",[33,108144,108145],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108147,108148,108149,108151],{},"You should not use ",[15,108150,12542],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108153,10242,108154,108156],{},[123,108155,902],{}," valid:",[46,108158,108160],{"className":48,"code":108159,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108161,108162,108194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108163,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108165,36009],{"class":61},[55,108167,66],{"class":65},[55,108169,10272],{"class":91},[55,108171,228],{"class":69},[55,108173,3860],{"class":73},[55,108175,228],{"class":69},[55,108177,2764],{"class":91},[55,108179,70],{"class":69},[55,108181,3869],{"class":73},[55,108183,228],{"class":69},[55,108185,2764],{"class":91},[55,108187,70],{"class":69},[55,108189,3878],{"class":73},[55,108191,228],{"class":69},[55,108193,9089],{"class":91},[55,108195,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206,108208,108210],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108197,36061],{"class":61},[55,108199,92],{"class":91},[55,108201,26014],{"class":95},[55,108203,109],{"class":91},[55,108205,228],{"class":69},[55,108207,3860],{"class":73},[55,108209,228],{"class":69},[55,108211,342],{"class":91},[20,108213,39426,108214,108216],{},[15,108215,107870],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108218,108219,108220,2651,108224,92],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[166,108221,108222],{"href":97978},[15,108223,102637],{},[166,108225,108227],{"href":108226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108228,102628],{},[131,108230,108232],{"id":108231},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108234,108235],{},"Here is a simple example:",[46,108237,108239],{"className":48,"code":108238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108240,108241,108275,108279,108295,108299,108318],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108242,108243,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108271,108273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108244,108245],{"class":61},"animals ",[55,108247,66],{"class":65},[55,108249,10272],{"class":91},[55,108251,228],{"class":69},[55,108253,36818],{"class":73},[55,108255,228],{"class":69},[55,108257,2764],{"class":91},[55,108259,70],{"class":69},[55,108261,57899],{"class":73},[55,108263,228],{"class":69},[55,108265,2764],{"class":91},[55,108267,70],{"class":69},[55,108269,108270],{"class":73},"rabbit",[55,108272,228],{"class":69},[55,108274,9089],{"class":91},[55,108276,108277],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108278,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,108280,108281,108284,108286,108289,108291,108293],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108282,108283],{"class":61},"removed_animal ",[55,108285,66],{"class":65},[55,108287,108288],{"class":61}," animals",[55,108290,92],{"class":91},[55,108292,26014],{"class":95},[55,108294,99],{"class":91},[55,108296,108297],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,108298,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,108300,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108316],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,108302,106],{"class":105},[55,108304,109],{"class":91},[55,108306,228],{"class":69},[55,108308,28728],{"class":73},[55,108310,228],{"class":69},[55,108312,2764],{"class":91},[55,108314,108315],{"class":95}," removed_animal",[55,108317,342],{"class":91},[55,108319,108320,108322,108324,108326,108329,108331,108333,108335],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,108321,106],{"class":105},[55,108323,109],{"class":91},[55,108325,228],{"class":69},[55,108327,108328],{"class":73},"Updated set:",[55,108330,228],{"class":69},[55,108332,2764],{"class":91},[55,108334,108288],{"class":95},[55,108336,342],{"class":91},[20,108338,29801],{},[46,108340,108342],{"className":48,"code":108341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108343,108344,108353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108345,108346,108348,108350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108347,28770],{"class":61},[55,108349,539],{"class":91},[55,108351,108352],{"class":61}," dog\n",[55,108354,108355,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108356,108357],{"class":61},"Updated ",[55,108359,6073],{"class":1265},[55,108361,539],{"class":91},[55,108363,10272],{"class":91},[55,108365,3077],{"class":69},[55,108367,36818],{"class":73},[55,108369,3077],{"class":69},[55,108371,2764],{"class":91},[55,108373,3072],{"class":69},[55,108375,108270],{"class":73},[55,108377,3077],{"class":69},[55,108379,9089],{"class":91},[20,108381,108382],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[131,108384,108386],{"id":108385},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108388,29421,108389,108391,108392,92],{},[15,108390,12542],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108393,19465],{},[20,108395,214],{},[46,108397,108399],{"className":48,"code":108398,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108400,108401,108411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108402,108403,108405,108407,108409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108404,7563],{"class":61},[55,108406,66],{"class":65},[55,108408,15412],{"class":1265},[55,108410,99],{"class":91},[55,108412,108413,108415,108417,108419],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108414,7594],{"class":61},[55,108416,92],{"class":91},[55,108418,26014],{"class":95},[55,108420,99],{"class":91},[20,108422,108423],{},"This raises:",[46,108425,108427],{"className":48,"code":108426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108428,108429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108430,108431,108433,108435,108437,108440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108432,19465],{"class":1265},[55,108434,539],{"class":91},[55,108436,3072],{"class":69},[55,108438,108439],{"class":73},"pop from an empty set",[55,108441,29471],{"class":69},[20,108443,108444,108445,108448],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[166,108446,108447],{"href":10855},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1003,108450,108452,108453],{"id":108451},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108454,12542],{},[20,108456,108457],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[46,108459,108461],{"className":48,"code":108460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108462,108463,108473,108477,108485,108500,108519,108525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108464,108465,108467,108469,108471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108466,7563],{"class":61},[55,108468,66],{"class":65},[55,108470,15412],{"class":1265},[55,108472,99],{"class":91},[55,108474,108475],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108476,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,108478,108479,108481,108483],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108480,488],{"class":487},[55,108482,5751],{"class":61},[55,108484,511],{"class":91},[55,108486,108487,108490,108492,108494,108496,108498],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,108488,108489],{"class":61},"    removed ",[55,108491,66],{"class":65},[55,108493,5751],{"class":61},[55,108495,92],{"class":91},[55,108497,26014],{"class":95},[55,108499,99],{"class":91},[55,108501,108502,108504,108506,108508,108510,108512,108514,108517],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,108503,516],{"class":105},[55,108505,109],{"class":91},[55,108507,228],{"class":69},[55,108509,28728],{"class":73},[55,108511,228],{"class":69},[55,108513,2764],{"class":91},[55,108515,108516],{"class":95}," removed",[55,108518,342],{"class":91},[55,108520,108521,108523],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,108522,610],{"class":487},[55,108524,511],{"class":91},[55,108526,108527,108529,108531,108533,108536,108538],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,108528,516],{"class":105},[55,108530,109],{"class":91},[55,108532,228],{"class":69},[55,108534,108535],{"class":73},"The set is empty.",[55,108537,228],{"class":69},[55,108539,342],{"class":91},[1003,108541,1866,108543,1377,108545],{"id":108542},"use-try-and-except",[15,108544,29575],{},[15,108546,29606],{},[20,108548,108549],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[46,108551,108553],{"className":48,"code":108552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108554,108555,108565,108569,108575,108589,108607,108615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108556,108557,108559,108561,108563],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108558,7563],{"class":61},[55,108560,66],{"class":65},[55,108562,15412],{"class":1265},[55,108564,99],{"class":91},[55,108566,108567],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108568,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,108570,108571,108573],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108572,29575],{"class":487},[55,108574,511],{"class":91},[55,108576,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,108578,108489],{"class":61},[55,108580,66],{"class":65},[55,108582,5751],{"class":61},[55,108584,92],{"class":91},[55,108586,26014],{"class":95},[55,108588,99],{"class":91},[55,108590,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,108592,516],{"class":105},[55,108594,109],{"class":91},[55,108596,228],{"class":69},[55,108598,28728],{"class":73},[55,108600,228],{"class":69},[55,108602,2764],{"class":91},[55,108604,108516],{"class":95},[55,108606,342],{"class":91},[55,108608,108609,108611,108613],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,108610,29606],{"class":487},[55,108612,29609],{"class":1265},[55,108614,511],{"class":91},[55,108616,108617,108619,108621,108623,108626,108628],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,108618,516],{"class":105},[55,108620,109],{"class":91},[55,108622,228],{"class":69},[55,108624,108625],{"class":73},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[55,108627,228],{"class":69},[55,108629,342],{"class":91},[131,108631,4744,108633,1477,108635,1477,108637],{"id":108632},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108634,12542],{},[15,108636,55300],{},[15,108638,102623],{},[20,108640,108641],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1003,108643,1866,108645],{"id":108644},"use-pop",[15,108646,12542],{},[20,108648,1866,108649,10382],{},[15,108650,12542],{},[30,108652,108653,108659,108662],{},[33,108654,108655,108656],{},"You want to remove ",[123,108657,108658],{},"any one item",[33,108660,108661],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108663,108664],{},"You want the removed item returned",[46,108666,108668],{"className":48,"code":108667,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108669,108670,108690,108704],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108671,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686,108688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108673,3395],{"class":61},[55,108675,66],{"class":65},[55,108677,10272],{"class":91},[55,108679,2761],{"class":1210},[55,108681,2764],{"class":91},[55,108683,2767],{"class":1210},[55,108685,2764],{"class":91},[55,108687,2223],{"class":1210},[55,108689,9089],{"class":91},[55,108691,108692,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108693,2218],{"class":61},[55,108695,66],{"class":65},[55,108697,4045],{"class":61},[55,108699,92],{"class":91},[55,108701,26014],{"class":95},[55,108703,99],{"class":91},[55,108705,108706,108708,108710,108712],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108707,106],{"class":105},[55,108709,109],{"class":91},[55,108711,2245],{"class":95},[55,108713,342],{"class":91},[1003,108715,1866,108717],{"id":108716},"use-remove",[15,108718,55300],{},[20,108720,1866,108721,10382],{},[15,108722,55300],{},[30,108724,108725,108731],{},[33,108726,108727,108728],{},"You want to delete a ",[123,108729,108730],{},"specific item",[33,108732,108733],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[46,108735,108737],{"className":48,"code":108736,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108738,108739,108759,108773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108740,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108742,3395],{"class":61},[55,108744,66],{"class":65},[55,108746,10272],{"class":91},[55,108748,2761],{"class":1210},[55,108750,2764],{"class":91},[55,108752,2767],{"class":1210},[55,108754,2764],{"class":91},[55,108756,2223],{"class":1210},[55,108758,9089],{"class":91},[55,108760,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769,108771],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108762,3427],{"class":61},[55,108764,92],{"class":91},[55,108766,34564],{"class":95},[55,108768,109],{"class":91},[55,108770,1829],{"class":1210},[55,108772,342],{"class":91},[55,108774,108775,108777,108779,108781],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108776,106],{"class":105},[55,108778,109],{"class":91},[55,108780,3427],{"class":95},[55,108782,342],{"class":91},[20,108784,108785,108786,108788,108789,108793],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108787,55300],{}," raises an error. See the ",[166,108790,108791,1573],{"href":97978},[15,108792,102637],{}," for details.",[1003,108795,1866,108797],{"id":108796},"use-discard",[15,108798,102623],{},[20,108800,1866,108801,10382],{},[15,108802,102623],{},[30,108804,108805,108809],{},[33,108806,108727,108807],{},[123,108808,108730],{},[33,108810,108811,108812,108814],{},"You do ",[123,108813,902],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[46,108816,108818],{"className":48,"code":108817,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108819,108820,108840,108854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108821,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834,108836,108838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108823,3395],{"class":61},[55,108825,66],{"class":65},[55,108827,10272],{"class":91},[55,108829,2761],{"class":1210},[55,108831,2764],{"class":91},[55,108833,2767],{"class":1210},[55,108835,2764],{"class":91},[55,108837,2223],{"class":1210},[55,108839,9089],{"class":91},[55,108841,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108843,3427],{"class":61},[55,108845,92],{"class":91},[55,108847,102690],{"class":95},[55,108849,109],{"class":91},[55,108851,1911],{"class":1210},[55,108853,342],{"class":91},[55,108855,108856,108858,108860,108862],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108857,106],{"class":105},[55,108859,109],{"class":91},[55,108861,3427],{"class":95},[55,108863,342],{"class":91},[20,108865,108866,108867,108869,108870,108874],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108868,1911],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[166,108871,108872,1573],{"href":108226},[15,108873,102628],{}," for more examples.",[131,108876,1001],{"id":1000},[20,108878,71253,108879,539],{},[15,108880,107870],{},[30,108882,108883,108889,108894,108899],{},[33,108884,108885,108886],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108887,108888],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,108890,8235,108891,108893],{},[15,108892,12542],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,108895,29421,108896,108898],{},[15,108897,12542],{}," on an empty set",[33,108900,1185,108901,108903],{},[15,108902,12542],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108905,62067],{},[46,108907,108909],{"className":48,"code":108908,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108910,108911,108921,108935,108949],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108912,108913,108915,108917,108919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108914,106],{"class":105},[55,108916,109],{"class":91},[55,108918,15445],{"class":95},[55,108920,342],{"class":91},[55,108922,108923,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,108924,106],{"class":105},[55,108926,109],{"class":91},[55,108928,10942],{"class":105},[55,108930,109],{"class":91},[55,108932,15445],{"class":95},[55,108934,1273],{"class":91},[55,108936,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,108938,106],{"class":105},[55,108940,109],{"class":91},[55,108942,1266],{"class":1265},[55,108944,109],{"class":91},[55,108946,15445],{"class":95},[55,108948,1273],{"class":91},[55,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,108952,28310],{"class":61},[55,108954,66],{"class":65},[55,108956,96694],{"class":61},[55,108958,92],{"class":91},[55,108960,26014],{"class":95},[55,108962,99],{"class":91},[20,108964,25781],{},[30,108966,108967,108970,108973,108976],{},[33,108968,108969],{},"What values are in the set",[33,108971,108972],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,108974,108975],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,108977,108978],{},"What value was actually removed",[131,108980,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,108982,1581,108984,108986],{"id":108983},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108985,107870],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108988,108989,108990,108992],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108991,12542],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1003,108994,108996,108997,1631],{"id":108995},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108998,107870],{},[20,109000,109001,109002,109004,109005,109007],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109003,12542],{},", set ",[15,109006,12542],{}," does not accept an index.",[1003,109009,109011],{"id":109010},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109013,71422,109014,44401,109016,109018],{},[15,109015,19465],{},[15,109017,12542],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1003,109020,109022],{"id":109021},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109024,1866,109025,2651,109027,1012,109029,92],{},[15,109026,55300],{},[15,109028,102623],{},[15,109030,12542],{},[131,109032,1643],{"id":1642},[30,109034,109035,109039,109045,109051,109055],{},[33,109036,109037],{},[166,109038,96099],{"href":97269},[33,109040,109041],{},[166,109042,96585,109043,1573],{"href":97978},[15,109044,55300],{},[33,109046,109047],{},[166,109048,96585,109049,1573],{"href":108226},[15,109050,102623],{},[33,109052,109053],{},[166,109054,11043],{"href":10855},[33,109056,109057],{},[166,109058,55286],{"href":54838},[1696,109060,109061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":109063},[109064,109065,109067,109068,109069,109070,109076,109085,109086,109094],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":107990,"depth":80,"text":109066},"What set.pop() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":108128,"depth":80,"text":108129},{"id":108231,"depth":80,"text":108232},{"id":108385,"depth":80,"text":108386,"children":109071},[109072,109074],{"id":108451,"depth":102,"text":109073},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108542,"depth":102,"text":109075},"Use try and except",{"id":108632,"depth":80,"text":109077,"children":109078},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109079,109081,109083],{"id":108644,"depth":102,"text":109080},"Use pop()",{"id":108716,"depth":102,"text":109082},"Use remove()",{"id":108796,"depth":102,"text":109084},"Use discard()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":109087},[109088,109090,109092,109093],{"id":108983,"depth":102,"text":109089},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108995,"depth":102,"text":109091},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109010,"depth":102,"text":109011},{"id":109021,"depth":102,"text":109022},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107858,"description":109095},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109102,"title":109103,"body":109104,"description":110258,"extension":1733,"meta":110259,"navigation":248,"path":110260,"seo":110261,"stem":110262,"__hash__":110263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109105,"toc":110226},[109106,109111,109116,109125,109127,109192,109196,109220,109227,109232,109236,109251,109254,109256,109275,109289,109292,109340,109344,109360,109362,109435,109439,109464,109470,109478,109482,109489,109544,109549,109566,109572,109578,109583,109591,109598,109602,109610,109665,109667,109684,109688,109695,109760,109764,109797,109799,109811,109818,109820,109825,109832,109834,109903,109907,109915,109917,109981,109985,109990,110037,110042,110110,110118,110125,110128,110134,110139,110143,110145,110148,110150,110155,110160,110166,110171,110178,110186,110192,110195,110197,110223],[10,109107,95971,109109,18],{"id":109108},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109110,55300],{},[20,109112,109113,109115],{},[15,109114,102637],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109117,109118,109119,109122,109123,92],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[123,109120,109121],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109124,19465],{},[131,109126,1775],{"id":1774},[46,109128,109130],{"className":48,"code":109129,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109131,109132,109164,109182],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109133,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109135,12855],{"class":61},[55,109137,66],{"class":65},[55,109139,10272],{"class":91},[55,109141,228],{"class":69},[55,109143,12872],{"class":73},[55,109145,228],{"class":69},[55,109147,2764],{"class":91},[55,109149,70],{"class":69},[55,109151,705],{"class":73},[55,109153,228],{"class":69},[55,109155,2764],{"class":91},[55,109157,70],{"class":69},[55,109159,17232],{"class":73},[55,109161,228],{"class":69},[55,109163,9089],{"class":91},[55,109165,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178,109180],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109167,17279],{"class":61},[55,109169,92],{"class":91},[55,109171,34564],{"class":95},[55,109173,109],{"class":91},[55,109175,228],{"class":69},[55,109177,705],{"class":73},[55,109179,228],{"class":69},[55,109181,342],{"class":91},[55,109183,109184,109186,109188,109190],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,109185,106],{"class":105},[55,109187,109],{"class":91},[55,109189,17279],{"class":95},[55,109191,342],{"class":91},[20,109193,109194],{},[123,109195,29801],{},[46,109197,109198],{"className":48,"code":103317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109199,109200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109201,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109203,9058],{"class":91},[55,109205,3077],{"class":69},[55,109207,12872],{"class":73},[55,109209,3077],{"class":69},[55,109211,2764],{"class":91},[55,109213,3072],{"class":69},[55,109215,17232],{"class":73},[55,109217,3077],{"class":69},[55,109219,9089],{"class":91},[20,109221,1866,109222,109224,109225,92],{},[15,109223,55300],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109226,19465],{},[131,109228,134,109230,137],{"id":109229},"what-setremove-does",[15,109231,102637],{},[20,109233,109234,539],{},[15,109235,102637],{},[30,109237,109238,109241,109243,109245],{},[33,109239,109240],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109242,96086],{},[33,109244,96089],{},[33,109246,109247,109248,109250],{},"Raises ",[15,109249,19465],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109252,109253],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[131,109255,178],{"id":177},[46,109257,109259],{"className":48,"code":109258,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109260,109261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109262,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109264,15445],{"class":61},[55,109266,92],{"class":91},[55,109268,34564],{"class":95},[55,109270,109],{"class":91},[55,109272,2245],{"class":95},[55,109274,342],{"class":91},[30,109276,109277,109281,109286],{},[33,109278,109279,102859],{},[15,109280,15445],{},[33,109282,109283,109285],{},[15,109284,2245],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109287,109288],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109290,109291],{},"Here is a small example:",[46,109293,109294],{"className":48,"code":108736,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109295,109296,109316,109330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109297,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109299,3395],{"class":61},[55,109301,66],{"class":65},[55,109303,10272],{"class":91},[55,109305,2761],{"class":1210},[55,109307,2764],{"class":91},[55,109309,2767],{"class":1210},[55,109311,2764],{"class":91},[55,109313,2223],{"class":1210},[55,109315,9089],{"class":91},[55,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109319,3427],{"class":61},[55,109321,92],{"class":91},[55,109323,34564],{"class":95},[55,109325,109],{"class":91},[55,109327,1829],{"class":1210},[55,109329,342],{"class":91},[55,109331,109332,109334,109336,109338],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,109333,106],{"class":105},[55,109335,109],{"class":91},[55,109337,3427],{"class":95},[55,109339,342],{"class":91},[20,109341,109342],{},[123,109343,29801],{},[46,109345,109346],{"className":48,"code":101067,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109347,109348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109349,109350,109352,109354,109356,109358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109351,9058],{"class":91},[55,109353,2761],{"class":1210},[55,109355,2764],{"class":91},[55,109357,2223],{"class":1210},[55,109359,9089],{"class":91},[131,109361,286],{"id":285},[46,109363,109365],{"className":48,"code":109364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109366,109367,109399,109403,109421,109425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109368,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109370,36009],{"class":61},[55,109372,66],{"class":65},[55,109374,10272],{"class":91},[55,109376,228],{"class":69},[55,109378,3860],{"class":73},[55,109380,228],{"class":69},[55,109382,2764],{"class":91},[55,109384,70],{"class":69},[55,109386,3869],{"class":73},[55,109388,228],{"class":69},[55,109390,2764],{"class":91},[55,109392,70],{"class":69},[55,109394,32994],{"class":73},[55,109396,228],{"class":69},[55,109398,9089],{"class":91},[55,109400,109401],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109402,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,109404,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,109406,36061],{"class":61},[55,109408,92],{"class":91},[55,109410,34564],{"class":95},[55,109412,109],{"class":91},[55,109414,228],{"class":69},[55,109416,3869],{"class":73},[55,109418,228],{"class":69},[55,109420,342],{"class":91},[55,109422,109423],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,109424,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,109426,109427,109429,109431,109433],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,109428,106],{"class":105},[55,109430,109],{"class":91},[55,109432,36061],{"class":95},[55,109434,342],{"class":91},[20,109436,109437],{},[123,109438,29801],{},[46,109440,109442],{"className":48,"code":109441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109443,109444],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109445,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109447,9058],{"class":91},[55,109449,3077],{"class":69},[55,109451,3860],{"class":73},[55,109453,3077],{"class":69},[55,109455,2764],{"class":91},[55,109457,3072],{"class":69},[55,109459,32994],{"class":73},[55,109461,3077],{"class":69},[55,109463,9089],{"class":91},[20,109465,109466,109467,109469],{},"This removes ",[15,109468,65047],{}," from the set.",[20,109471,109472,109473,109475,109476,92],{},"A set does ",[123,109474,902],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[166,109477,96103],{"href":97652},[131,109479,109481],{"id":109480},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109483,109484,109485,52265,109487,92],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109486,55300],{},[15,109488,19465],{},[46,109490,109492],{"className":48,"code":109491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109493,109494,109526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109495,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109497,12855],{"class":61},[55,109499,66],{"class":65},[55,109501,10272],{"class":91},[55,109503,228],{"class":69},[55,109505,12872],{"class":73},[55,109507,228],{"class":69},[55,109509,2764],{"class":91},[55,109511,70],{"class":69},[55,109513,705],{"class":73},[55,109515,228],{"class":69},[55,109517,2764],{"class":91},[55,109519,70],{"class":69},[55,109521,17232],{"class":73},[55,109523,228],{"class":69},[55,109525,9089],{"class":91},[55,109527,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109529,17279],{"class":61},[55,109531,92],{"class":91},[55,109533,34564],{"class":95},[55,109535,109],{"class":91},[55,109537,228],{"class":69},[55,109539,22300],{"class":73},[55,109541,228],{"class":69},[55,109543,342],{"class":91},[20,109545,109546],{},[123,109547,109548],{},"Result:",[46,109550,109552],{"className":48,"code":109551,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109553,109554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109555,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109557,19465],{"class":1265},[55,109559,539],{"class":91},[55,109561,3072],{"class":69},[55,109563,22300],{"class":73},[55,109565,29471],{"class":69},[20,109567,21965,109568,109571],{},[15,109569,109570],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109573,109574,109575,109577],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109576,55300],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109579,109580,109581,92],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[166,109582,11043],{"href":10855},[131,109584,3980,109586,109588,109589],{"id":109585},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109587,55300],{}," is different from ",[15,109590,102623],{},[20,109592,109593,1377,109595,109597],{},[15,109594,55300],{},[15,109596,102623],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1003,109599,109600],{"id":34564},[15,109601,55300],{},[30,109603,109604,109607],{},[33,109605,109606],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109608,109609],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[46,109611,109613],{"className":48,"code":109612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109614,109615,109647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109616,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109618,35860],{"class":61},[55,109620,66],{"class":65},[55,109622,10272],{"class":91},[55,109624,228],{"class":69},[55,109626,166],{"class":73},[55,109628,228],{"class":69},[55,109630,2764],{"class":91},[55,109632,70],{"class":69},[55,109634,4543],{"class":73},[55,109636,228],{"class":69},[55,109638,2764],{"class":91},[55,109640,70],{"class":69},[55,109642,9520],{"class":73},[55,109644,228],{"class":69},[55,109646,9089],{"class":91},[55,109648,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109650,35913],{"class":61},[55,109652,92],{"class":91},[55,109654,34564],{"class":95},[55,109656,109],{"class":91},[55,109658,228],{"class":69},[55,109660,18545],{"class":73},[55,109662,228],{"class":69},[55,109664,342],{"class":91},[20,109666,108423],{},[46,109668,109670],{"className":48,"code":109669,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109671,109672],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109673,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109675,19465],{"class":1265},[55,109677,539],{"class":91},[55,109679,3072],{"class":69},[55,109681,18545],{"class":73},[55,109683,29471],{"class":69},[1003,109685,109686],{"id":102690},[15,109687,102623],{},[30,109689,109690,109692],{},[33,109691,109606],{},[33,109693,109694],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[46,109696,109698],{"className":48,"code":109697,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109699,109700,109732,109750],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109701,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109703,35860],{"class":61},[55,109705,66],{"class":65},[55,109707,10272],{"class":91},[55,109709,228],{"class":69},[55,109711,166],{"class":73},[55,109713,228],{"class":69},[55,109715,2764],{"class":91},[55,109717,70],{"class":69},[55,109719,4543],{"class":73},[55,109721,228],{"class":69},[55,109723,2764],{"class":91},[55,109725,70],{"class":69},[55,109727,9520],{"class":73},[55,109729,228],{"class":69},[55,109731,9089],{"class":91},[55,109733,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109735,35913],{"class":61},[55,109737,92],{"class":91},[55,109739,102690],{"class":95},[55,109741,109],{"class":91},[55,109743,228],{"class":69},[55,109745,18545],{"class":73},[55,109747,228],{"class":69},[55,109749,342],{"class":91},[55,109751,109752,109754,109756,109758],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,109753,106],{"class":105},[55,109755,109],{"class":91},[55,109757,35913],{"class":95},[55,109759,342],{"class":91},[20,109761,109762],{},[123,109763,357],{},[46,109765,109767],{"className":48,"code":109766,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109768,109769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109770,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109772,9058],{"class":91},[55,109774,3077],{"class":69},[55,109776,166],{"class":73},[55,109778,3077],{"class":69},[55,109780,2764],{"class":91},[55,109782,3072],{"class":69},[55,109784,4543],{"class":73},[55,109786,3077],{"class":69},[55,109788,2764],{"class":91},[55,109790,3072],{"class":69},[55,109792,9520],{"class":73},[55,109794,3077],{"class":69},[55,109796,9089],{"class":91},[20,109798,18472],{},[30,109800,109801,109806],{},[33,109802,109803,109805],{},[15,109804,55300],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109807,109808,109810],{},[15,109809,102623],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109812,109813,109814,92],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[166,109815,96585,109816,1573],{"href":108226},[15,109817,102623],{},[131,109819,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,109821,8235,109823,96964],{"id":109822},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109824,55300],{},[20,109826,109827,109829,109830,92],{},[15,109828,55300],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109831,3556],{},[20,109833,1017],{},[46,109835,109837],{"className":48,"code":109836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109838,109839,109871,109893],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109840,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109842,12855],{"class":61},[55,109844,66],{"class":65},[55,109846,10272],{"class":91},[55,109848,228],{"class":69},[55,109850,12872],{"class":73},[55,109852,228],{"class":69},[55,109854,2764],{"class":91},[55,109856,70],{"class":69},[55,109858,705],{"class":73},[55,109860,228],{"class":69},[55,109862,2764],{"class":91},[55,109864,70],{"class":69},[55,109866,17232],{"class":73},[55,109868,228],{"class":69},[55,109870,9089],{"class":91},[55,109872,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109874,12897],{"class":61},[55,109876,66],{"class":65},[55,109878,12902],{"class":61},[55,109880,92],{"class":91},[55,109882,34564],{"class":95},[55,109884,109],{"class":91},[55,109886,228],{"class":69},[55,109888,705],{"class":73},[55,109890,228],{"class":69},[55,109892,342],{"class":91},[55,109894,109895,109897,109899,109901],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,109896,106],{"class":105},[55,109898,109],{"class":91},[55,109900,12921],{"class":95},[55,109902,342],{"class":91},[20,109904,109905],{},[123,109906,357],{},[46,109908,109909],{"className":48,"code":11588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109910,109911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109912,109913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109914,11588],{"class":3631},[20,109916,1055],{},[46,109918,109919],{"className":48,"code":109129,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,109920,109921,109953,109971],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109922,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109924,12855],{"class":61},[55,109926,66],{"class":65},[55,109928,10272],{"class":91},[55,109930,228],{"class":69},[55,109932,12872],{"class":73},[55,109934,228],{"class":69},[55,109936,2764],{"class":91},[55,109938,70],{"class":69},[55,109940,705],{"class":73},[55,109942,228],{"class":69},[55,109944,2764],{"class":91},[55,109946,70],{"class":69},[55,109948,17232],{"class":73},[55,109950,228],{"class":69},[55,109952,9089],{"class":91},[55,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,109956,17279],{"class":61},[55,109958,92],{"class":91},[55,109960,34564],{"class":95},[55,109962,109],{"class":91},[55,109964,228],{"class":69},[55,109966,705],{"class":73},[55,109968,228],{"class":69},[55,109970,342],{"class":91},[55,109972,109973,109975,109977,109979],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,109974,106],{"class":105},[55,109976,109],{"class":91},[55,109978,17279],{"class":95},[55,109980,342],{"class":91},[1003,109982,109984],{"id":109983},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109986,109987,109988,92],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109989,19465],{},[46,109991,109993],{"className":48,"code":109992,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109994,109995,110019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109996,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109998,12855],{"class":61},[55,110000,66],{"class":65},[55,110002,10272],{"class":91},[55,110004,228],{"class":69},[55,110006,12872],{"class":73},[55,110008,228],{"class":69},[55,110010,2764],{"class":91},[55,110012,70],{"class":69},[55,110014,705],{"class":73},[55,110016,228],{"class":69},[55,110018,9089],{"class":91},[55,110020,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,110022,17279],{"class":61},[55,110024,92],{"class":91},[55,110026,34564],{"class":95},[55,110028,109],{"class":91},[55,110030,228],{"class":69},[55,110032,17232],{"class":73},[55,110034,228],{"class":69},[55,110036,342],{"class":91},[20,110038,110039,110040,539],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110041,3662],{},[46,110043,110045],{"className":48,"code":110044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110046,110047,110071,110075,110091],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110048,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110050,12855],{"class":61},[55,110052,66],{"class":65},[55,110054,10272],{"class":91},[55,110056,228],{"class":69},[55,110058,12872],{"class":73},[55,110060,228],{"class":69},[55,110062,2764],{"class":91},[55,110064,70],{"class":69},[55,110066,705],{"class":73},[55,110068,228],{"class":69},[55,110070,9089],{"class":91},[55,110072,110073],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,110074,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,110076,110077,110079,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,110078,488],{"class":487},[55,110080,70],{"class":69},[55,110082,17232],{"class":73},[55,110084,228],{"class":69},[55,110086,784],{"class":65},[55,110088,12902],{"class":61},[55,110090,511],{"class":91},[55,110092,110093,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,110094,110095],{"class":61},"    colors",[55,110097,92],{"class":91},[55,110099,34564],{"class":95},[55,110101,109],{"class":91},[55,110103,228],{"class":69},[55,110105,17232],{"class":73},[55,110107,228],{"class":69},[55,110109,342],{"class":91},[20,110111,110112,110113,110117],{},"Or use ",[166,110114,110115],{"href":108226},[15,110116,102623],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1003,110119,36975,110121,8483,110123],{"id":110120},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110122,102637],{},[15,110124,54846],{},[20,110126,110127],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110129,110130,110131,110133],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110132,102637],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110135,110136,110137,92],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[166,110138,98847],{"href":98846},[1003,110140,110142],{"id":110141},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110144,108132],{},[20,110146,110147],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[131,110149,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,110151,1581,110153,97063],{"id":110152},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110154,102637],{},[20,110156,110157,110158,92],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110159,3556],{},[1003,110161,30059,110163,110165],{"id":110162},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110164,102637],{}," raise?",[20,110167,30065,110168,110170],{},[15,110169,19465],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1003,110172,21198,110174,2651,110176,1631],{"id":110173},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110175,55300],{},[15,110177,102623],{},[20,110179,1866,110180,110182,110183,110185],{},[15,110181,55300],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110184,102623],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1003,110187,4953,110189,110191],{"id":110188},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110190,102637],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110193,110194],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[131,110196,1643],{"id":1642},[30,110198,110199,110205,110211,110215,110219],{},[33,110200,110201],{},[166,110202,96585,110203,1573],{"href":108226},[15,110204,102623],{},[33,110206,110207],{},[166,110208,96585,110209,1573],{"href":97983},[15,110210,12542],{},[33,110212,110213],{},[166,110214,97108],{"href":97652},[33,110216,110217],{},[166,110218,100113],{"href":98846},[33,110220,110221],{},[166,110222,11043],{"href":10855},[1696,110224,110225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":110227},[110228,110229,110231,110232,110233,110234,110239,110247,110257],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":109229,"depth":80,"text":110230},"What set.remove() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":109480,"depth":80,"text":109481},{"id":109585,"depth":80,"text":110235,"children":110236},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110237,110238],{"id":34564,"depth":102,"text":55300},{"id":102690,"depth":102,"text":102623},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":110240},[110241,110243,110244,110246],{"id":109822,"depth":102,"text":110242},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109983,"depth":102,"text":109984},{"id":110120,"depth":102,"text":110245},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110141,"depth":102,"text":110142},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":110248},[110249,110251,110253,110255],{"id":110152,"depth":102,"text":110250},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110162,"depth":102,"text":110252},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110173,"depth":102,"text":110254},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110188,"depth":102,"text":110256},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109103,"description":110258},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110265,"title":110266,"body":110267,"description":111640,"extension":1733,"meta":111641,"navigation":248,"path":111642,"seo":111643,"stem":111644,"__hash__":111645},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110268,"toc":111615},[110269,110275,110281,110284,110287,110301,110303,110384,110387,110392,110396,110410,110417,110419,110438,110441,110459,110461,110541,110543,110568,110572,110575,110583,110588,110593,110595,110608,110613,110616,110640,110643,110651,110653,110656,110753,110755,110788,110790,110816,110823,110826,110830,110838,110842,110850,110852,110942,110944,110958,110965,110970,110975,110977,111068,111070,111082,111084,111098,111104,111112,111114,111196,111198,111243,111246,111254,111257,111259,111263,111306,111308,111328,111333,111335,111420,111422,111427,111429,111436,111444,111450,111453,111455,111541,111543,111567,111571,111574,111576,111603,111613],[10,110270,95971,110272,18],{"id":110271},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110273,110274],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110276,110277,110280],{},[15,110278,110279],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110282,110283],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110285,110286],{},"Use it when:",[30,110288,110289,110292,110298],{},[33,110290,110291],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110293,110294,110295,110297],{},"you do ",[123,110296,902],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110299,110300],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[131,110302,3385],{"id":3384},[46,110304,110306],{"className":48,"code":110305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110307,110308,110328,110348,110352,110371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110309,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110311,2327],{"class":61},[55,110313,66],{"class":65},[55,110315,10272],{"class":91},[55,110317,2761],{"class":1210},[55,110319,2764],{"class":91},[55,110321,2767],{"class":1210},[55,110323,2764],{"class":91},[55,110325,2223],{"class":1210},[55,110327,9089],{"class":91},[55,110329,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,110331,2355],{"class":61},[55,110333,66],{"class":65},[55,110335,10272],{"class":91},[55,110337,1835],{"class":1210},[55,110339,2764],{"class":91},[55,110341,2229],{"class":1210},[55,110343,2764],{"class":91},[55,110345,4388],{"class":1210},[55,110347,9089],{"class":91},[55,110349,110350],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,110351,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,110353,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362,110365,110367,110369],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,110355,83],{"class":61},[55,110357,66],{"class":65},[55,110359,56659],{"class":61},[55,110361,92],{"class":91},[55,110363,110364],{"class":95},"symmetric_difference",[55,110366,109],{"class":91},[55,110368,4543],{"class":95},[55,110370,342],{"class":91},[55,110372,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,110374,106],{"class":105},[55,110376,109],{"class":91},[55,110378,112],{"class":95},[55,110380,115],{"class":91},[55,110382,110383],{"class":118},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110385,110386],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[131,110388,134,110390,137],{"id":110389},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110391,110274],{},[20,110393,110394,539],{},[15,110395,110279],{},[30,110397,110398,110401,110404,110407],{},[33,110399,110400],{},"returns a new set",[33,110402,110403],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110405,110406],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110408,110409],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110411,96095,110412,2651,110414,92],{},[166,110413,96099],{"href":96098},[166,110415,110416],{"href":96102},"creating a set in Python",[131,110418,178],{"id":177},[46,110420,110422],{"className":48,"code":110421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110423,110424],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110425,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434,110436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110427,100354],{"class":61},[55,110429,92],{"class":91},[55,110431,110364],{"class":95},[55,110433,109],{"class":91},[55,110435,100363],{"class":95},[55,110437,342],{"class":91},[20,110439,110440],{},"Notes:",[30,110442,110443,110448,110453,110456],{},[33,110444,110445,110447],{},[15,110446,100354],{}," must be a set",[33,110449,110450,110452],{},[15,110451,100363],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110454,110455],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110457,110458],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110460,214],{},[46,110462,110464],{"className":48,"code":110463,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110465,110466,110487,110508,110512,110531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110467,110468,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110469,110470],{"class":61},"set1 ",[55,110472,66],{"class":65},[55,110474,10272],{"class":91},[55,110476,2761],{"class":1210},[55,110478,2764],{"class":91},[55,110480,2767],{"class":1210},[55,110482,2764],{"class":91},[55,110484,2223],{"class":1210},[55,110486,9089],{"class":91},[55,110488,110489,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,110490,110491],{"class":61},"set2 ",[55,110493,66],{"class":65},[55,110495,10272],{"class":91},[55,110497,1835],{"class":1210},[55,110499,2764],{"class":91},[55,110501,2229],{"class":1210},[55,110503,2764],{"class":91},[55,110505,4388],{"class":1210},[55,110507,9089],{"class":91},[55,110509,110510],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,110511,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,110513,110514,110516,110518,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,110515,83],{"class":61},[55,110517,66],{"class":65},[55,110519,110520],{"class":61}," set1",[55,110522,92],{"class":91},[55,110524,110364],{"class":95},[55,110526,109],{"class":91},[55,110528,100363],{"class":95},[55,110530,342],{"class":91},[55,110532,110533,110535,110537,110539],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,110534,106],{"class":105},[55,110536,109],{"class":91},[55,110538,112],{"class":95},[55,110540,342],{"class":91},[20,110542,357],{},[46,110544,110546],{"className":48,"code":110545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110547,110548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110549,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110551,9058],{"class":91},[55,110553,2761],{"class":1210},[55,110555,2764],{"class":91},[55,110557,2767],{"class":1210},[55,110559,2764],{"class":91},[55,110561,2229],{"class":1210},[55,110563,2764],{"class":91},[55,110565,4388],{"class":1210},[55,110567,9089],{"class":91},[131,110569,110571],{"id":110570},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110573,110574],{},"The result includes:",[30,110576,110577,110580],{},[33,110578,110579],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110581,110582],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110584,110585,110586,10864],{},"The result does ",[123,110587,902],{},[30,110589,110590],{},[33,110591,110592],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110594,5256],{},[30,110596,110597,110602],{},[33,110598,110599,110600],{},"first set: ",[15,110601,100051],{},[33,110603,110604,110605],{},"second set: ",[15,110606,110607],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110609,3830,110610,110612],{},[15,110611,1835],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110614,110615],{},"The output is:",[46,110617,110618],{"className":48,"code":110545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,110619,110620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110621,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110623,9058],{"class":91},[55,110625,2761],{"class":1210},[55,110627,2764],{"class":91},[55,110629,2767],{"class":1210},[55,110631,2764],{"class":91},[55,110633,2229],{"class":1210},[55,110635,2764],{"class":91},[55,110637,4388],{"class":1210},[55,110639,9089],{"class":91},[20,110641,110642],{},"Also remember:",[30,110644,110645,110648],{},[33,110646,110647],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110649,110650],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[131,110652,286],{"id":285},[20,110654,110655],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[46,110657,110659],{"className":48,"code":110658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110660,110661,110693,110717,110721,110739,110743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110662,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110664,106794],{"class":61},[55,110666,66],{"class":65},[55,110668,10272],{"class":91},[55,110670,228],{"class":69},[55,110672,12872],{"class":73},[55,110674,228],{"class":69},[55,110676,2764],{"class":91},[55,110678,70],{"class":69},[55,110680,705],{"class":73},[55,110682,228],{"class":69},[55,110684,2764],{"class":91},[55,110686,70],{"class":69},[55,110688,17232],{"class":73},[55,110690,228],{"class":69},[55,110692,9089],{"class":91},[55,110694,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,110696,106827],{"class":61},[55,110698,66],{"class":65},[55,110700,10272],{"class":91},[55,110702,228],{"class":69},[55,110704,17232],{"class":73},[55,110706,228],{"class":69},[55,110708,2764],{"class":91},[55,110710,70],{"class":69},[55,110712,22300],{"class":73},[55,110714,228],{"class":69},[55,110716,9089],{"class":91},[55,110718,110719],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,110720,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,110724,83],{"class":61},[55,110726,66],{"class":65},[55,110728,106869],{"class":61},[55,110730,92],{"class":91},[55,110732,110364],{"class":95},[55,110734,109],{"class":91},[55,110736,106878],{"class":95},[55,110738,342],{"class":91},[55,110740,110741],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,110742,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,110744,110745,110747,110749,110751],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,110746,106],{"class":105},[55,110748,109],{"class":91},[55,110750,112],{"class":95},[55,110752,342],{"class":91},[20,110754,357],{},[46,110756,110758],{"className":48,"code":110757,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110759,110760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110761,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110763,9058],{"class":91},[55,110765,3077],{"class":69},[55,110767,12872],{"class":73},[55,110769,3077],{"class":69},[55,110771,2764],{"class":91},[55,110773,3072],{"class":69},[55,110775,705],{"class":73},[55,110777,3077],{"class":69},[55,110779,2764],{"class":91},[55,110781,3072],{"class":69},[55,110783,22300],{"class":73},[55,110785,3077],{"class":69},[55,110787,9089],{"class":91},[20,110789,13188],{},[30,110791,110792,110797,110808],{},[33,110793,110794,110796],{},[15,110795,96264],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110798,110799,1377,110801,110804,110805,110807],{},[15,110800,65165],{},[15,110802,110803],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110806,106931],{},", so they stay",[33,110809,110810,110812,110813,110815],{},[15,110811,109570],{}," is only in ",[15,110814,106878],{},", so it stays",[131,110817,110819,1477,110821],{"id":110818},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110820,110274],{},[15,110822,100183],{},[20,110824,110825],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110827,110828,539],{},[15,110829,100183],{},[30,110831,110832,110835],{},[33,110833,110834],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110836,110837],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110839,110840,539],{},[15,110841,110274],{},[30,110843,110844,110847],{},[33,110845,110846],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,110848,110849],{},"removes shared items",[20,110851,214],{},[46,110853,110855],{"className":48,"code":110854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110856,110857,110877,110897,110901,110922],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110858,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110860,2327],{"class":61},[55,110862,66],{"class":65},[55,110864,10272],{"class":91},[55,110866,2761],{"class":1210},[55,110868,2764],{"class":91},[55,110870,2767],{"class":1210},[55,110872,2764],{"class":91},[55,110874,2223],{"class":1210},[55,110876,9089],{"class":91},[55,110878,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,110880,2355],{"class":61},[55,110882,66],{"class":65},[55,110884,10272],{"class":91},[55,110886,1835],{"class":1210},[55,110888,2764],{"class":91},[55,110890,2229],{"class":1210},[55,110892,2764],{"class":91},[55,110894,4388],{"class":1210},[55,110896,9089],{"class":91},[55,110898,110899],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,110900,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,110902,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,110904,106],{"class":105},[55,110906,109],{"class":91},[55,110908,166],{"class":95},[55,110910,92],{"class":91},[55,110912,2585],{"class":95},[55,110914,109],{"class":91},[55,110916,4543],{"class":95},[55,110918,5145],{"class":91},[55,110920,110921],{"class":118},"            # {1, 2}\n",[55,110923,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,110925,106],{"class":105},[55,110927,109],{"class":91},[55,110929,166],{"class":95},[55,110931,92],{"class":91},[55,110933,110364],{"class":95},[55,110935,109],{"class":91},[55,110937,4543],{"class":95},[55,110939,5145],{"class":91},[55,110941,110383],{"class":118},[20,110943,18472],{},[30,110945,110946,110953],{},[33,110947,110948,110952],{},[166,110949,110950],{"href":102609},[15,110951,100183],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,110954,110955,110957],{},[15,110956,110274],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[131,110959,110961,1477,110963],{"id":110960},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110962,110274],{},[15,110964,102568],{},[20,110966,110967,110969],{},[15,110968,102568],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110971,110972,110974],{},[15,110973,110274],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110976,214],{},[46,110978,110980],{"className":48,"code":110979,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110981,110982,111002,111022,111026,111048],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110983,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110985,2327],{"class":61},[55,110987,66],{"class":65},[55,110989,10272],{"class":91},[55,110991,2761],{"class":1210},[55,110993,2764],{"class":91},[55,110995,2767],{"class":1210},[55,110997,2764],{"class":91},[55,110999,2223],{"class":1210},[55,111001,9089],{"class":91},[55,111003,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111005,2355],{"class":61},[55,111007,66],{"class":65},[55,111009,10272],{"class":91},[55,111011,1835],{"class":1210},[55,111013,2764],{"class":91},[55,111015,2229],{"class":1210},[55,111017,2764],{"class":91},[55,111019,4388],{"class":1210},[55,111021,9089],{"class":91},[55,111023,111024],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,111025,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111039,111041,111043,111045],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,111029,106],{"class":105},[55,111031,109],{"class":91},[55,111033,166],{"class":95},[55,111035,92],{"class":91},[55,111037,111038],{"class":95},"union",[55,111040,109],{"class":91},[55,111042,4543],{"class":95},[55,111044,5145],{"class":91},[55,111046,111047],{"class":118},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[55,111049,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,111051,106],{"class":105},[55,111053,109],{"class":91},[55,111055,166],{"class":95},[55,111057,92],{"class":91},[55,111059,110364],{"class":95},[55,111061,109],{"class":91},[55,111063,4543],{"class":95},[55,111065,5145],{"class":91},[55,111067,110383],{"class":118},[20,111069,26994],{},[30,111071,111072,111077],{},[33,111073,111074,111076],{},[15,111075,102568],{}," includes everything",[33,111078,111079,111081],{},[15,111080,110274],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111083,18472],{},[30,111085,111086,111093],{},[33,111087,111088,111092],{},[166,111089,111090],{"href":107499},[15,111091,102568],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111094,111095,111097],{},[15,111096,110274],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[131,111099,36383,111101,101367],{"id":111100},"using-the-operator",[15,111102,111103],{},"^",[20,111105,111106,111107,111109,111110,92],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111108,111103],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111111,110274],{},[20,111113,214],{},[46,111115,111117],{"className":48,"code":111116,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111118,111119,111139,111159,111163,111181],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111120,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131,111133,111135,111137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111122,110470],{"class":61},[55,111124,66],{"class":65},[55,111126,10272],{"class":91},[55,111128,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111130,2764],{"class":91},[55,111132,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111134,2764],{"class":91},[55,111136,2223],{"class":1210},[55,111138,9089],{"class":91},[55,111140,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111142,110491],{"class":61},[55,111144,66],{"class":65},[55,111146,10272],{"class":91},[55,111148,1835],{"class":1210},[55,111150,2764],{"class":91},[55,111152,2229],{"class":1210},[55,111154,2764],{"class":91},[55,111156,4388],{"class":1210},[55,111158,9089],{"class":91},[55,111160,111161],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,111162,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,111166,106],{"class":105},[55,111168,109],{"class":91},[55,111170,100354],{"class":95},[55,111172,92],{"class":91},[55,111174,110364],{"class":95},[55,111176,109],{"class":91},[55,111178,100363],{"class":95},[55,111180,1273],{"class":91},[55,111182,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111194],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,111184,106],{"class":105},[55,111186,109],{"class":91},[55,111188,110470],{"class":95},[55,111190,111103],{"class":65},[55,111192,111193],{"class":95}," set2",[55,111195,342],{"class":91},[20,111197,29801],{},[46,111199,111201],{"className":48,"code":111200,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111202,111203,111223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111204,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111206,9058],{"class":91},[55,111208,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111210,2764],{"class":91},[55,111212,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111214,2764],{"class":91},[55,111216,2229],{"class":1210},[55,111218,2764],{"class":91},[55,111220,4388],{"class":1210},[55,111222,9089],{"class":91},[55,111224,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111226,9058],{"class":91},[55,111228,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111230,2764],{"class":91},[55,111232,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111234,2764],{"class":91},[55,111236,2229],{"class":1210},[55,111238,2764],{"class":91},[55,111240,4388],{"class":1210},[55,111242,9089],{"class":91},[20,111244,111245],{},"Both forms:",[30,111247,111248,111251],{},[33,111249,111250],{},"return a new set",[33,111252,111253],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111255,111256],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[131,111258,4301],{"id":4300},[20,111260,20989,111261,539],{},[15,111262,110274],{},[30,111264,111265,111273,111283,111298],{},[33,111266,111267,111270,111272],{},[123,111268,111269],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9627,111271],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111274,111275,111278,111280,111282],{},[123,111276,111277],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9627,111279],{},[15,111281,110274],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111284,111285,111290,111292,111294,111295,111297],{},[123,111286,111287,111288],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111289,100183],{},[9627,111291],{},[15,111293,100183],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111296,110274],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111299,111300,111303,111305],{},[123,111301,111302],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9627,111304],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111307,58634],{},[30,111309,111310,111319,111322,111325],{},[33,111311,50263,111312,44401,111314,111318],{},[15,111313,110274],{},[166,111315,111316],{"href":107499},[15,111317,102568],{}," is actually needed",[33,111320,111321],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111323,111324],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111326,111327],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111329,111330,111331,92],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[166,111332,98847],{"href":105112},[20,111334,62067],{},[46,111336,111338],{"className":48,"code":111337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111339,111340,111350,111360,111378,111392,111406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111341,111342,111344,111346,111348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111343,106],{"class":105},[55,111345,109],{"class":91},[55,111347,100354],{"class":95},[55,111349,342],{"class":91},[55,111351,111352,111354,111356,111358],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111353,106],{"class":105},[55,111355,109],{"class":91},[55,111357,100363],{"class":95},[55,111359,342],{"class":91},[55,111361,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,111363,106],{"class":105},[55,111365,109],{"class":91},[55,111367,100354],{"class":95},[55,111369,92],{"class":91},[55,111371,110364],{"class":95},[55,111373,109],{"class":91},[55,111375,100363],{"class":95},[55,111377,1273],{"class":91},[55,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,111381,106],{"class":105},[55,111383,109],{"class":91},[55,111385,110470],{"class":95},[55,111387,111103],{"class":65},[55,111389,111193],{"class":95},[55,111391,342],{"class":91},[55,111393,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,111395,106],{"class":105},[55,111397,109],{"class":91},[55,111399,1266],{"class":1265},[55,111401,109],{"class":91},[55,111403,100354],{"class":95},[55,111405,1273],{"class":91},[55,111407,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,111409,106],{"class":105},[55,111411,109],{"class":91},[55,111413,1266],{"class":1265},[55,111415,109],{"class":91},[55,111417,100363],{"class":95},[55,111419,1273],{"class":91},[131,111421,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,111423,1581,111425,102508],{"id":111424},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111426,110274],{},[20,111428,102511],{},[1003,111430,1626,111432,1377,111434,1631],{"id":111431},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111433,110274],{},[15,111435,100183],{},[20,111437,111438,111440,111441,111443],{},[15,111439,100183],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111442,110274],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1003,111445,1613,111447,111449],{"id":111446},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111448,110274],{}," with lists?",[20,111451,111452],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111454,214],{},[46,111456,111458],{"className":48,"code":111457,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111459,111460,111480,111500,111504,111531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111461,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111463,80431],{"class":61},[55,111465,66],{"class":65},[55,111467,3400],{"class":91},[55,111469,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111471,2764],{"class":91},[55,111473,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111475,2764],{"class":91},[55,111477,2223],{"class":1210},[55,111479,3413],{"class":91},[55,111481,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111483,80452],{"class":61},[55,111485,66],{"class":65},[55,111487,3400],{"class":91},[55,111489,1835],{"class":1210},[55,111491,2764],{"class":91},[55,111493,2229],{"class":1210},[55,111495,2764],{"class":91},[55,111497,4388],{"class":1210},[55,111499,3413],{"class":91},[55,111501,111502],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,111503,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,111505,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,111507,83],{"class":61},[55,111509,66],{"class":65},[55,111511,15412],{"class":1265},[55,111513,109],{"class":91},[55,111515,111516],{"class":95},"list1",[55,111518,8414],{"class":91},[55,111520,110364],{"class":95},[55,111522,109],{"class":91},[55,111524,6073],{"class":1265},[55,111526,109],{"class":91},[55,111528,80718],{"class":95},[55,111530,1273],{"class":91},[55,111532,111533,111535,111537,111539],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,111534,106],{"class":105},[55,111536,109],{"class":91},[55,111538,112],{"class":95},[55,111540,342],{"class":91},[20,111542,357],{},[46,111544,111545],{"className":48,"code":110545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,111546,111547],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111548,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111550,9058],{"class":91},[55,111552,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111554,2764],{"class":91},[55,111556,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111558,2764],{"class":91},[55,111560,2229],{"class":1210},[55,111562,2764],{"class":91},[55,111564,4388],{"class":1210},[55,111566,9089],{"class":91},[1003,111568,111570],{"id":111569},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111572,111573],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[131,111575,1643],{"id":1642},[30,111577,111578,111582,111587,111593,111599],{},[33,111579,111580],{},[166,111581,96099],{"href":96098},[33,111583,111584],{},[166,111585,111586],{"href":96102},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111588,111589],{},[166,111590,96585,111591,1573],{"href":102609},[15,111592,100183],{},[33,111594,111595],{},[166,111596,96585,111597,1573],{"href":107499},[15,111598,102568],{},[33,111600,111601],{},[166,111602,100113],{"href":105112},[20,111604,111605,111606,1963,111608,16850,111610,111612],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111607,100183],{},[15,111609,102568],{},[15,111611,110274],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1696,111614,57013],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":111616},[111617,111618,111620,111621,111622,111623,111625,111627,111629,111630,111639],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":110389,"depth":80,"text":111619},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":110570,"depth":80,"text":110571},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":110818,"depth":80,"text":111624},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110960,"depth":80,"text":111626},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111100,"depth":80,"text":111628},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":111631},[111632,111634,111636,111638],{"id":111424,"depth":102,"text":111633},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111431,"depth":102,"text":111635},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111446,"depth":102,"text":111637},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111569,"depth":102,"text":111570},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110266,"description":111640},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111647,"title":111648,"body":111649,"description":113712,"extension":1733,"meta":113713,"navigation":248,"path":107499,"seo":113714,"stem":113715,"__hash__":113716},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111650,"toc":113671},[111651,111656,111661,111664,111677,111679,111761,111766,111771,111775,111787,111790,111794,111796,111823,111825,111836,111839,111908,111910,111916,111919,111929,111931,112020,112025,112027,112034,112037,112039,112042,112162,112164,112233,112236,112253,112258,112261,112377,112379,112408,112411,112417,112422,112426,112507,112509,112537,112542,112546,112641,112643,112684,112688,112691,112758,112760,112801,112807,112822,112829,112836,112840,112846,112932,112936,112944,113015,113020,113027,113029,113035,113037,113102,113104,113120,113125,113128,113197,113201,113204,113263,113266,113270,113323,113336,113339,113392,113396,113398,113429,113432,113437,113490,113494,113497,113518,113530,113532,113585,113587,113592,113594,113600,113603,113609,113614,113618,113621,113629,113638,113640,113668],[10,111652,1686,111654,18],{"id":111653},"python-setunion-method",[15,111655,107812],{},[20,111657,111658,111660],{},[15,111659,107812],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111662,111663],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111665,111666,111669,111674],{},[33,111667,111668],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111670,2327,111671,111673],{},[123,111672,100538],{}," as the result",[33,111675,111676],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[131,111678,1775],{"id":1774},[46,111680,111682],{"className":48,"code":111681,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111683,111684,111704,111724,111728,111746,111756],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111685,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111687,110470],{"class":61},[55,111689,66],{"class":65},[55,111691,10272],{"class":91},[55,111693,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111695,2764],{"class":91},[55,111697,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111699,2764],{"class":91},[55,111701,2223],{"class":1210},[55,111703,9089],{"class":91},[55,111705,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111707,110491],{"class":61},[55,111709,66],{"class":65},[55,111711,10272],{"class":91},[55,111713,1835],{"class":1210},[55,111715,2764],{"class":91},[55,111717,2229],{"class":1210},[55,111719,2764],{"class":91},[55,111721,4388],{"class":1210},[55,111723,9089],{"class":91},[55,111725,111726],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,111727,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,111729,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,111731,83],{"class":61},[55,111733,66],{"class":65},[55,111735,110520],{"class":61},[55,111737,92],{"class":91},[55,111739,111038],{"class":95},[55,111741,109],{"class":91},[55,111743,100363],{"class":95},[55,111745,342],{"class":91},[55,111747,111748,111750,111752,111754],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,111749,106],{"class":105},[55,111751,109],{"class":91},[55,111753,112],{"class":95},[55,111755,342],{"class":91},[55,111757,111758],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,111759,111760],{"class":118},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111762,111763,111765],{},[15,111764,102568],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[131,111767,134,111769,137],{"id":111768},"what-setunion-does",[15,111770,107812],{},[20,111772,111773,539],{},[15,111774,107812],{},[30,111776,111777,111780,111783,111785],{},[33,111778,111779],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111781,111782],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111784,110400],{},[33,111786,110409],{},[20,111788,111789],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111791,96095,111792,92],{},[166,111793,96099],{"href":97269},[131,111795,178],{"id":177},[46,111797,111799],{"className":48,"code":111798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111800,111801],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111802,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111804,100354],{"class":61},[55,111806,92],{"class":91},[55,111808,111038],{"class":95},[55,111810,109],{"class":91},[55,111812,100363],{"class":95},[55,111814,2764],{"class":91},[55,111816,100390],{"class":95},[55,111818,2764],{"class":91},[55,111820,34226],{"class":105},[55,111822,342],{"class":91},[20,111824,145],{},[30,111826,111827,111830,111833],{},[33,111828,111829],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111831,111832],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111834,111835],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111837,111838],{},"Example with two sets:",[46,111840,111842],{"className":48,"code":111841,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111843,111844,111860,111876,111880,111898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111845,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111847,2327],{"class":61},[55,111849,66],{"class":65},[55,111851,10272],{"class":91},[55,111853,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111855,2764],{"class":91},[55,111857,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111859,9089],{"class":91},[55,111861,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111863,2355],{"class":61},[55,111865,66],{"class":65},[55,111867,10272],{"class":91},[55,111869,1829],{"class":1210},[55,111871,2764],{"class":91},[55,111873,2223],{"class":1210},[55,111875,9089],{"class":91},[55,111877,111878],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,111879,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,111881,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,111883,83],{"class":61},[55,111885,66],{"class":65},[55,111887,56659],{"class":61},[55,111889,92],{"class":91},[55,111891,111038],{"class":95},[55,111893,109],{"class":91},[55,111895,4543],{"class":95},[55,111897,342],{"class":91},[55,111899,111900,111902,111904,111906],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,111901,106],{"class":105},[55,111903,109],{"class":91},[55,111905,112],{"class":95},[55,111907,342],{"class":91},[131,111909,21747],{"id":21746},[20,111911,111912,100535,111914,92],{},[15,111913,107812],{},[123,111915,100538],{},[20,111917,111918],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,111920,111921,111924],{},[33,111922,111923],{},"the original set",[33,111925,111926,111927],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111928,102568],{},[20,111930,214],{},[46,111932,111934],{"className":48,"code":111933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111935,111936,111952,111968,111972,111990,111994,112007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111937,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111939,2327],{"class":61},[55,111941,66],{"class":65},[55,111943,10272],{"class":91},[55,111945,2761],{"class":1210},[55,111947,2764],{"class":91},[55,111949,2767],{"class":1210},[55,111951,9089],{"class":91},[55,111953,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,111955,2355],{"class":61},[55,111957,66],{"class":65},[55,111959,10272],{"class":91},[55,111961,1829],{"class":1210},[55,111963,2764],{"class":91},[55,111965,2223],{"class":1210},[55,111967,9089],{"class":91},[55,111969,111970],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,111971,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,111973,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,111975,83],{"class":61},[55,111977,66],{"class":65},[55,111979,56659],{"class":61},[55,111981,92],{"class":91},[55,111983,111038],{"class":95},[55,111985,109],{"class":91},[55,111987,4543],{"class":95},[55,111989,342],{"class":91},[55,111991,111992],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,111993,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,111995,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,111997,106],{"class":105},[55,111999,109],{"class":91},[55,112001,112],{"class":95},[55,112003,115],{"class":91},[55,112005,112006],{"class":118},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[55,112008,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,112010,106],{"class":105},[55,112012,109],{"class":91},[55,112014,166],{"class":95},[55,112016,115],{"class":91},[55,112018,112019],{"class":118},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112021,2057,112022,112024],{},[15,112023,166],{}," did not change.",[20,112026,110642],{},[30,112028,112029,112031],{},[33,112030,110647],{},[33,112032,112033],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112035,112036],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[131,112038,286],{"id":285},[20,112040,112041],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[46,112043,112045],{"className":48,"code":112044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112046,112047,112080,112113,112117,112137,112141,112151],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112048,112049,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112050,112051],{"class":61},"fruits1 ",[55,112053,66],{"class":65},[55,112055,10272],{"class":91},[55,112057,228],{"class":69},[55,112059,3860],{"class":73},[55,112061,228],{"class":69},[55,112063,2764],{"class":91},[55,112065,70],{"class":69},[55,112067,3869],{"class":73},[55,112069,228],{"class":69},[55,112071,2764],{"class":91},[55,112073,70],{"class":69},[55,112075,32994],{"class":73},[55,112077,228],{"class":69},[55,112079,9089],{"class":91},[55,112081,112082,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112083,112084],{"class":61},"fruits2 ",[55,112086,66],{"class":65},[55,112088,10272],{"class":91},[55,112090,228],{"class":69},[55,112092,3869],{"class":73},[55,112094,228],{"class":69},[55,112096,2764],{"class":91},[55,112098,70],{"class":69},[55,112100,22309],{"class":73},[55,112102,228],{"class":69},[55,112104,2764],{"class":91},[55,112106,70],{"class":69},[55,112108,32994],{"class":73},[55,112110,228],{"class":69},[55,112112,9089],{"class":91},[55,112114,112115],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,112116,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112118,112119,112121,112123,112126,112128,112130,112132,112135],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,112120,83],{"class":61},[55,112122,66],{"class":65},[55,112124,112125],{"class":61}," fruits1",[55,112127,92],{"class":91},[55,112129,111038],{"class":95},[55,112131,109],{"class":91},[55,112133,112134],{"class":95},"fruits2",[55,112136,342],{"class":91},[55,112138,112139],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,112140,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112142,112143,112145,112147,112149],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,112144,106],{"class":105},[55,112146,109],{"class":91},[55,112148,112],{"class":95},[55,112150,342],{"class":91},[55,112152,112153,112155,112157,112160],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,112154,106],{"class":105},[55,112156,109],{"class":91},[55,112158,112159],{"class":95},"fruits1",[55,112161,342],{"class":91},[20,112163,29801],{},[46,112165,112167],{"className":48,"code":112166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112168,112169,112205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112170,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112172,9058],{"class":91},[55,112174,3077],{"class":69},[55,112176,3869],{"class":73},[55,112178,3077],{"class":69},[55,112180,2764],{"class":91},[55,112182,3072],{"class":69},[55,112184,32994],{"class":73},[55,112186,3077],{"class":69},[55,112188,2764],{"class":91},[55,112190,3072],{"class":69},[55,112192,3860],{"class":73},[55,112194,3077],{"class":69},[55,112196,2764],{"class":91},[55,112198,3072],{"class":69},[55,112200,22309],{"class":73},[55,112202,3077],{"class":69},[55,112204,9089],{"class":91},[55,112206,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112208,9058],{"class":91},[55,112210,3077],{"class":69},[55,112212,3869],{"class":73},[55,112214,3077],{"class":69},[55,112216,2764],{"class":91},[55,112218,3072],{"class":69},[55,112220,32994],{"class":73},[55,112222,3077],{"class":69},[55,112224,2764],{"class":91},[55,112226,3072],{"class":69},[55,112228,3860],{"class":73},[55,112230,3077],{"class":69},[55,112232,9089],{"class":91},[20,112234,112235],{},"What this shows:",[30,112237,112238,112245,112248],{},[33,112239,112240,1377,112242,112244],{},[15,112241,65047],{},[15,112243,65474],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112246,112247],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112249,112250,112252],{},[15,112251,112159],{}," stays unchanged",[131,112254,1185,112256,100927],{"id":112255},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112257,102568],{},[20,112259,112260],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[46,112262,112264],{"className":48,"code":112263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112265,112266,112282,112298,112315,112332,112336,112363,112367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112267,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112269,110470],{"class":61},[55,112271,66],{"class":65},[55,112273,10272],{"class":91},[55,112275,2761],{"class":1210},[55,112277,2764],{"class":91},[55,112279,2767],{"class":1210},[55,112281,9089],{"class":91},[55,112283,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112285,110491],{"class":61},[55,112287,66],{"class":65},[55,112289,10272],{"class":91},[55,112291,1829],{"class":1210},[55,112293,2764],{"class":91},[55,112295,2223],{"class":1210},[55,112297,9089],{"class":91},[55,112299,112300,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,112301,112302],{"class":61},"set3 ",[55,112304,66],{"class":65},[55,112306,10272],{"class":91},[55,112308,1835],{"class":1210},[55,112310,2764],{"class":91},[55,112312,2229],{"class":1210},[55,112314,9089],{"class":91},[55,112316,112317,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,112318,112319],{"class":61},"set4 ",[55,112321,66],{"class":65},[55,112323,10272],{"class":91},[55,112325,2277],{"class":1210},[55,112327,2764],{"class":91},[55,112329,4388],{"class":1210},[55,112331,9089],{"class":91},[55,112333,112334],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,112335,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112337,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112361],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,112339,83],{"class":61},[55,112341,66],{"class":65},[55,112343,110520],{"class":61},[55,112345,92],{"class":91},[55,112347,111038],{"class":95},[55,112349,109],{"class":91},[55,112351,100363],{"class":95},[55,112353,2764],{"class":91},[55,112355,100390],{"class":95},[55,112357,2764],{"class":91},[55,112359,112360],{"class":95}," set4",[55,112362,342],{"class":91},[55,112364,112365],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,112366,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112368,112369,112371,112373,112375],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,112370,106],{"class":105},[55,112372,109],{"class":91},[55,112374,112],{"class":95},[55,112376,342],{"class":91},[20,112378,29801],{},[46,112380,112382],{"className":48,"code":112381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112383,112384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112387,9058],{"class":91},[55,112389,2761],{"class":1210},[55,112391,2764],{"class":91},[55,112393,2767],{"class":1210},[55,112395,2764],{"class":91},[55,112397,2223],{"class":1210},[55,112399,2764],{"class":91},[55,112401,2229],{"class":1210},[55,112403,2764],{"class":91},[55,112405,4388],{"class":1210},[55,112407,9089],{"class":91},[20,112409,112410],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[131,112412,1185,112414,112416],{"id":112413},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112415,102568],{}," with other iterables",[20,112418,112419,112421],{},[15,112420,102568],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1003,112423,112425],{"id":112424},"with-a-list","With a list",[46,112427,112429],{"className":48,"code":112428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112430,112431,112451,112475,112479,112497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112432,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112434,3395],{"class":61},[55,112436,66],{"class":65},[55,112438,10272],{"class":91},[55,112440,2761],{"class":1210},[55,112442,2764],{"class":91},[55,112444,2767],{"class":1210},[55,112446,2764],{"class":91},[55,112448,2223],{"class":1210},[55,112450,9089],{"class":91},[55,112452,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112454,60820],{"class":61},[55,112456,66],{"class":65},[55,112458,3400],{"class":91},[55,112460,1835],{"class":1210},[55,112462,2764],{"class":91},[55,112464,2229],{"class":1210},[55,112466,2764],{"class":91},[55,112468,4388],{"class":1210},[55,112470,2764],{"class":91},[55,112472,4388],{"class":1210},[55,112474,3413],{"class":91},[55,112476,112477],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,112478,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112480,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,112482,83],{"class":61},[55,112484,66],{"class":65},[55,112486,4045],{"class":61},[55,112488,92],{"class":91},[55,112490,111038],{"class":95},[55,112492,109],{"class":91},[55,112494,60849],{"class":95},[55,112496,342],{"class":91},[55,112498,112499,112501,112503,112505],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,112500,106],{"class":105},[55,112502,109],{"class":91},[55,112504,112],{"class":95},[55,112506,342],{"class":91},[20,112508,29801],{},[46,112510,112511],{"className":48,"code":112381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,112512,112513],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112514,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112516,9058],{"class":91},[55,112518,2761],{"class":1210},[55,112520,2764],{"class":91},[55,112522,2767],{"class":1210},[55,112524,2764],{"class":91},[55,112526,2223],{"class":1210},[55,112528,2764],{"class":91},[55,112530,2229],{"class":1210},[55,112532,2764],{"class":91},[55,112534,4388],{"class":1210},[55,112536,9089],{"class":91},[20,112538,20756,112539,112541],{},[15,112540,1911],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1003,112543,112545],{"id":112544},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[46,112547,112549],{"className":48,"code":112548,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112550,112551,112575,112608,112612,112631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112552,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112554,35860],{"class":61},[55,112556,66],{"class":65},[55,112558,10272],{"class":91},[55,112560,228],{"class":69},[55,112562,166],{"class":73},[55,112564,228],{"class":69},[55,112566,2764],{"class":91},[55,112568,70],{"class":69},[55,112570,4543],{"class":73},[55,112572,228],{"class":69},[55,112574,9089],{"class":91},[55,112576,112577,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112578,112579],{"class":61},"more_letters ",[55,112581,66],{"class":65},[55,112583,9016],{"class":91},[55,112585,228],{"class":69},[55,112587,4543],{"class":73},[55,112589,228],{"class":69},[55,112591,2764],{"class":91},[55,112593,70],{"class":69},[55,112595,9520],{"class":73},[55,112597,228],{"class":69},[55,112599,2764],{"class":91},[55,112601,70],{"class":69},[55,112603,18545],{"class":73},[55,112605,228],{"class":69},[55,112607,342],{"class":91},[55,112609,112610],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,112611,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112629],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,112615,83],{"class":61},[55,112617,66],{"class":65},[55,112619,69869],{"class":61},[55,112621,92],{"class":91},[55,112623,111038],{"class":95},[55,112625,109],{"class":91},[55,112627,112628],{"class":95},"more_letters",[55,112630,342],{"class":91},[55,112632,112633,112635,112637,112639],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,112634,106],{"class":105},[55,112636,109],{"class":91},[55,112638,112],{"class":95},[55,112640,342],{"class":91},[20,112642,29801],{},[46,112644,112646],{"className":48,"code":112645,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112647,112648],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112649,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112651,9058],{"class":91},[55,112653,3077],{"class":69},[55,112655,166],{"class":73},[55,112657,3077],{"class":69},[55,112659,2764],{"class":91},[55,112661,3072],{"class":69},[55,112663,4543],{"class":73},[55,112665,3077],{"class":69},[55,112667,2764],{"class":91},[55,112669,3072],{"class":69},[55,112671,9520],{"class":73},[55,112673,3077],{"class":69},[55,112675,2764],{"class":91},[55,112677,3072],{"class":69},[55,112679,18545],{"class":73},[55,112681,3077],{"class":69},[55,112683,9089],{"class":91},[1003,112685,112687],{"id":112686},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112689,112690],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[46,112692,112694],{"className":48,"code":112693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112695,112696,112721,112744,112748],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112697,112698,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112699,112700],{"class":61},"chars ",[55,112702,66],{"class":65},[55,112704,10272],{"class":91},[55,112706,228],{"class":69},[55,112708,166],{"class":73},[55,112710,228],{"class":69},[55,112712,2764],{"class":91},[55,112714,70],{"class":69},[55,112716,4543],{"class":73},[55,112718,228],{"class":69},[55,112720,9089],{"class":91},[55,112722,112723,112725,112727,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112724,83],{"class":61},[55,112726,66],{"class":65},[55,112728,112729],{"class":61}," chars",[55,112731,92],{"class":91},[55,112733,111038],{"class":95},[55,112735,109],{"class":91},[55,112737,228],{"class":69},[55,112739,36818],{"class":73},[55,112741,228],{"class":69},[55,112743,342],{"class":91},[55,112745,112746],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,112747,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112749,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,112751,106],{"class":105},[55,112753,109],{"class":91},[55,112755,112],{"class":95},[55,112757,342],{"class":91},[20,112759,29801],{},[46,112761,112763],{"className":48,"code":112762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112764,112765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112766,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112768,9058],{"class":91},[55,112770,3077],{"class":69},[55,112772,166],{"class":73},[55,112774,3077],{"class":69},[55,112776,2764],{"class":91},[55,112778,3072],{"class":69},[55,112780,4543],{"class":73},[55,112782,3077],{"class":69},[55,112784,2764],{"class":91},[55,112786,3072],{"class":69},[55,112788,9520],{"class":73},[55,112790,3077],{"class":69},[55,112792,2764],{"class":91},[55,112794,3072],{"class":69},[55,112796,63059],{"class":73},[55,112798,3077],{"class":69},[55,112800,9089],{"class":91},[20,112802,21965,112803,112806],{},[15,112804,112805],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112808,112809,112813,112817],{},[33,112810,112811],{},[15,112812,66254],{},[33,112814,112815],{},[15,112816,17873],{},[33,112818,112819],{},[15,112820,112821],{},"\"t\"",[131,112823,112825,1477,112827],{"id":112824},"union-vs-update",[15,112826,102568],{},[15,112828,14734],{},[20,112830,112831,1377,112833,112835],{},[15,112832,102568],{},[15,112834,14734],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1003,112837,112838],{"id":111038},[15,112839,102568],{},[30,112841,112842,112844],{},[33,112843,110400],{},[33,112845,110409],{},[46,112847,112848],{"className":48,"code":111933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,112849,112850,112866,112882,112886,112904,112908,112920],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112851,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112853,2327],{"class":61},[55,112855,66],{"class":65},[55,112857,10272],{"class":91},[55,112859,2761],{"class":1210},[55,112861,2764],{"class":91},[55,112863,2767],{"class":1210},[55,112865,9089],{"class":91},[55,112867,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112869,2355],{"class":61},[55,112871,66],{"class":65},[55,112873,10272],{"class":91},[55,112875,1829],{"class":1210},[55,112877,2764],{"class":91},[55,112879,2223],{"class":1210},[55,112881,9089],{"class":91},[55,112883,112884],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,112885,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112887,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,112889,83],{"class":61},[55,112891,66],{"class":65},[55,112893,56659],{"class":61},[55,112895,92],{"class":91},[55,112897,111038],{"class":95},[55,112899,109],{"class":91},[55,112901,4543],{"class":95},[55,112903,342],{"class":91},[55,112905,112906],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,112907,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112909,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,112911,106],{"class":105},[55,112913,109],{"class":91},[55,112915,112],{"class":95},[55,112917,115],{"class":91},[55,112919,112006],{"class":118},[55,112921,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,112923,106],{"class":105},[55,112925,109],{"class":91},[55,112927,166],{"class":95},[55,112929,115],{"class":91},[55,112931,112019],{"class":118},[1003,112933,112934],{"id":30236},[15,112935,14734],{},[30,112937,112938,112941],{},[33,112939,112940],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,112942,112943],{},"does not create a separate result set",[46,112945,112947],{"className":48,"code":112946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112948,112949,112965,112981,112985,112999,113003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112950,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112952,2327],{"class":61},[55,112954,66],{"class":65},[55,112956,10272],{"class":91},[55,112958,2761],{"class":1210},[55,112960,2764],{"class":91},[55,112962,2767],{"class":1210},[55,112964,9089],{"class":91},[55,112966,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,112968,2355],{"class":61},[55,112970,66],{"class":65},[55,112972,10272],{"class":91},[55,112974,1829],{"class":1210},[55,112976,2764],{"class":91},[55,112978,2223],{"class":1210},[55,112980,9089],{"class":91},[55,112982,112983],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,112984,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,112986,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,112988,166],{"class":61},[55,112990,92],{"class":91},[55,112992,30236],{"class":95},[55,112994,109],{"class":91},[55,112996,4543],{"class":95},[55,112998,342],{"class":91},[55,113000,113001],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,113002,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,113004,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,113006,106],{"class":105},[55,113008,109],{"class":91},[55,113010,166],{"class":95},[55,113012,115],{"class":91},[55,113014,112006],{"class":118},[20,113016,1866,113017,113019],{},[15,113018,102568],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113021,113022,113023,92],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[166,113024,1686,113025,1573],{"href":98288},[15,113026,97084],{},[131,113028,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,113030,8235,113032,113034],{"id":113031},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113033,102568],{}," to change the original set",[20,113036,81600],{},[46,113038,113040],{"className":48,"code":113039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113041,113042,113058,113074,113078,113092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113043,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113045,2327],{"class":61},[55,113047,66],{"class":65},[55,113049,10272],{"class":91},[55,113051,2761],{"class":1210},[55,113053,2764],{"class":91},[55,113055,2767],{"class":1210},[55,113057,9089],{"class":91},[55,113059,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113061,2355],{"class":61},[55,113063,66],{"class":65},[55,113065,10272],{"class":91},[55,113067,1829],{"class":1210},[55,113069,2764],{"class":91},[55,113071,2223],{"class":1210},[55,113073,9089],{"class":91},[55,113075,113076],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113077,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,113079,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,113081,166],{"class":61},[55,113083,92],{"class":91},[55,113085,111038],{"class":95},[55,113087,109],{"class":91},[55,113089,4543],{"class":95},[55,113091,342],{"class":91},[55,113093,113094,113096,113098,113100],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,113095,106],{"class":105},[55,113097,109],{"class":91},[55,113099,166],{"class":95},[55,113101,342],{"class":91},[20,113103,357],{},[46,113105,113106],{"className":48,"code":100276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,113107,113108],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113109,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113111,9058],{"class":91},[55,113113,2761],{"class":1210},[55,113115,2764],{"class":91},[55,113117,2767],{"class":1210},[55,113119,9089],{"class":91},[20,113121,8278,113122,113124],{},[15,113123,102568],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113126,113127],{},"Fix it like this:",[46,113129,113131],{"className":48,"code":113130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113132,113133,113149,113165,113169,113187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113134,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113136,2327],{"class":61},[55,113138,66],{"class":65},[55,113140,10272],{"class":91},[55,113142,2761],{"class":1210},[55,113144,2764],{"class":91},[55,113146,2767],{"class":1210},[55,113148,9089],{"class":91},[55,113150,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113152,2355],{"class":61},[55,113154,66],{"class":65},[55,113156,10272],{"class":91},[55,113158,1829],{"class":1210},[55,113160,2764],{"class":91},[55,113162,2223],{"class":1210},[55,113164,9089],{"class":91},[55,113166,113167],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113168,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,113170,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,113172,2327],{"class":61},[55,113174,66],{"class":65},[55,113176,56659],{"class":61},[55,113178,92],{"class":91},[55,113180,111038],{"class":95},[55,113182,109],{"class":91},[55,113184,4543],{"class":95},[55,113186,342],{"class":91},[55,113188,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,113190,106],{"class":105},[55,113192,109],{"class":91},[55,113194,166],{"class":95},[55,113196,342],{"class":91},[1003,113198,113200],{"id":113199},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113202,113203],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[46,113205,113207],{"className":48,"code":113206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113208,113209,113225,113241,113245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113210,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113212,2327],{"class":61},[55,113214,66],{"class":65},[55,113216,10272],{"class":91},[55,113218,1835],{"class":1210},[55,113220,2764],{"class":91},[55,113222,5282],{"class":1210},[55,113224,9089],{"class":91},[55,113226,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113228,2355],{"class":61},[55,113230,66],{"class":65},[55,113232,10272],{"class":91},[55,113234,1829],{"class":1210},[55,113236,2764],{"class":91},[55,113238,2229],{"class":1210},[55,113240,9089],{"class":91},[55,113242,113243],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113244,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,113246,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,113248,106],{"class":105},[55,113250,109],{"class":91},[55,113252,166],{"class":95},[55,113254,92],{"class":91},[55,113256,111038],{"class":95},[55,113258,109],{"class":91},[55,113260,4543],{"class":95},[55,113262,1273],{"class":91},[20,113264,113265],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1003,113267,113269],{"id":113268},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[46,113271,113273],{"className":48,"code":113272,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113274,113275,113291,113313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113276,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113278,3851],{"class":61},[55,113280,66],{"class":65},[55,113282,10272],{"class":91},[55,113284,228],{"class":69},[55,113286,57899],{"class":73},[55,113288,228],{"class":69},[55,113290,9089],{"class":91},[55,113292,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113294,83],{"class":61},[55,113296,66],{"class":65},[55,113298,5954],{"class":61},[55,113300,92],{"class":91},[55,113302,111038],{"class":95},[55,113304,109],{"class":91},[55,113306,228],{"class":69},[55,113308,36818],{"class":73},[55,113310,228],{"class":69},[55,113312,342],{"class":91},[55,113314,113315,113317,113319,113321],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113316,106],{"class":105},[55,113318,109],{"class":91},[55,113320,112],{"class":95},[55,113322,342],{"class":91},[20,113324,113325,113326,1963,113328,16850,113330,113332,113333,113335],{},"This adds ",[15,113327,66254],{},[15,113329,17873],{},[15,113331,112821],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113334,112805],{}," as one item.",[20,113337,113338],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[46,113340,113342],{"className":48,"code":113341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113343,113344,113360,113382],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113345,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113347,3851],{"class":61},[55,113349,66],{"class":65},[55,113351,10272],{"class":91},[55,113353,228],{"class":69},[55,113355,57899],{"class":73},[55,113357,228],{"class":69},[55,113359,9089],{"class":91},[55,113361,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113363,83],{"class":61},[55,113365,66],{"class":65},[55,113367,5954],{"class":61},[55,113369,92],{"class":91},[55,113371,111038],{"class":95},[55,113373,2758],{"class":91},[55,113375,228],{"class":69},[55,113377,36818],{"class":73},[55,113379,228],{"class":69},[55,113381,3668],{"class":91},[55,113383,113384,113386,113388,113390],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113385,106],{"class":105},[55,113387,109],{"class":91},[55,113389,112],{"class":95},[55,113391,342],{"class":91},[1003,113393,113395],{"id":113394},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113397,2609],{},[46,113399,113401],{"className":48,"code":113400,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113402,113403],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113404,113405,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113406,15407],{"class":61},[55,113408,66],{"class":65},[55,113410,10272],{"class":91},[55,113412,2761],{"class":1210},[55,113414,2764],{"class":91},[55,113416,2767],{"class":1210},[55,113418,2764],{"class":91},[55,113420,3400],{"class":91},[55,113422,1835],{"class":1210},[55,113424,2764],{"class":91},[55,113426,2229],{"class":1210},[55,113428,13485],{"class":91},[20,113430,113431],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113433,113434,113435,539],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113436,102568],{},[46,113438,113440],{"className":48,"code":113439,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113441,113442,113458,113480],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113443,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113445,15407],{"class":61},[55,113447,66],{"class":65},[55,113449,10272],{"class":91},[55,113451,2761],{"class":1210},[55,113453,2764],{"class":91},[55,113455,2767],{"class":1210},[55,113457,9089],{"class":91},[55,113459,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113461,83],{"class":61},[55,113463,66],{"class":65},[55,113465,96694],{"class":61},[55,113467,92],{"class":91},[55,113469,111038],{"class":95},[55,113471,2758],{"class":91},[55,113473,1835],{"class":1210},[55,113475,2764],{"class":91},[55,113477,2229],{"class":1210},[55,113479,3668],{"class":91},[55,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113483,106],{"class":105},[55,113485,109],{"class":91},[55,113487,112],{"class":95},[55,113489,342],{"class":91},[131,113491,113493],{"id":113492},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113495,113496],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113498,113499,113505,113512,113515],{},[33,113500,113501,113502,113504],{},"call ",[15,113503,102568],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113506,113507,113508,8483,113510],{},"confuse ",[15,113509,102568],{},[15,113511,14734],{},[33,113513,113514],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113516,113517],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113519,113520,113521,1377,113525,92],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[166,113522,1686,113523,1573],{"href":102557},[15,113524,106342],{},[166,113526,1686,113528,1573],{"href":113527},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113529,100188],{},[20,113531,62067],{},[46,113533,113535],{"className":48,"code":113534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113536,113537,113547,113561,113571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113538,113539,113541,113543,113545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113540,106],{"class":105},[55,113542,109],{"class":91},[55,113544,15445],{"class":95},[55,113546,342],{"class":91},[55,113548,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113550,106],{"class":105},[55,113552,109],{"class":91},[55,113554,1266],{"class":1265},[55,113556,109],{"class":91},[55,113558,15445],{"class":95},[55,113560,1273],{"class":91},[55,113562,113563,113565,113567,113569],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113564,106],{"class":105},[55,113566,109],{"class":91},[55,113568,112],{"class":95},[55,113570,342],{"class":91},[55,113572,113573,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,113574,31925],{"class":105},[55,113576,109],{"class":91},[55,113578,6073],{"class":1265},[55,113580,92],{"class":91},[55,113582,111038],{"class":1047},[55,113584,342],{"class":91},[131,113586,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,113588,1581,113590,102508],{"id":113589},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113591,107812],{},[20,113593,102511],{},[1003,113595,4953,113597,113599],{"id":113596},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113598,102568],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113601,113602],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1003,113604,1613,113606,113608],{"id":113605},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113607,102568],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113610,41925,113611,113613],{},[15,113612,102568],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1003,113615,113617],{"id":113616},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113619,113620],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1003,113622,1626,113624,1377,113626,1631],{"id":113623},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113625,102568],{},[15,113627,113628],{},"|",[20,113630,113631,113632,113634,113635,113637],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113633,113628],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113636,102568],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[131,113639,1643],{"id":1642},[30,113641,113642,113646,113652,113658,113664],{},[33,113643,113644],{},[166,113645,96099],{"href":97269},[33,113647,113648],{},[166,113649,1686,113650,1573],{"href":98288},[15,113651,97084],{},[33,113653,113654],{},[166,113655,1686,113656,1573],{"href":102557},[15,113657,106342],{},[33,113659,113660],{},[166,113661,1686,113662,1573],{"href":113527},[15,113663,100188],{},[33,113665,113666],{},[166,113667,100113],{"href":98846},[1696,113669,113670],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":113672},[113673,113674,113676,113677,113678,113679,113681,113687,113692,113699,113700,113711],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":111768,"depth":80,"text":113675},"What set.union() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":21746,"depth":80,"text":21747},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":112255,"depth":80,"text":113680},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112413,"depth":80,"text":113682,"children":113683},"Using union() with other iterables",[113684,113685,113686],{"id":112424,"depth":102,"text":112425},{"id":112544,"depth":102,"text":112545},{"id":112686,"depth":102,"text":112687},{"id":112824,"depth":80,"text":113688,"children":113689},"union() vs update()",[113690,113691],{"id":111038,"depth":102,"text":102568},{"id":30236,"depth":102,"text":14734},{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":113693},[113694,113696,113697,113698],{"id":113031,"depth":102,"text":113695},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113199,"depth":102,"text":113200},{"id":113268,"depth":102,"text":113269},{"id":113394,"depth":102,"text":113395},{"id":113492,"depth":80,"text":113493},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":113701},[113702,113704,113706,113708,113709],{"id":113589,"depth":102,"text":113703},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113596,"depth":102,"text":113705},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113605,"depth":102,"text":113707},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113616,"depth":102,"text":113617},{"id":113623,"depth":102,"text":113710},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111648,"description":113712},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113718,"title":113719,"body":113720,"description":115609,"extension":1733,"meta":115610,"navigation":248,"path":96584,"seo":115611,"stem":115612,"__hash__":115613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113721,"toc":115575},[113722,113727,113732,113740,113742,113800,113805,113810,113814,113826,113829,113903,113908,113910,113912,113931,113933,113950,113953,113980,113982,114052,114056,114058,114064,114066,114127,114132,114134,114191,114195,114200,114265,114267,114287,114294,114298,114303,114388,114391,114398,114501,114505,114510,114568,114571,114582,114596,114603,114661,114668,114671,114681,114685,114743,114747,114813,114816,114874,114881,114888,114891,114895,114904,114973,114977,114983,115071,115081,115085,115089,115093,115096,115157,115162,115219,115223,115225,115260,115267,115269,115323,115330,115334,115337,115402,115411,115417,115474,115476,115481,115485,115489,115492,115499,115507,115511,115516,115520,115526,115528,115563,115572],[10,113723,95971,113725,18],{"id":113724},"python-set-update-method",[15,113726,14734],{},[20,113728,113729,113731],{},[15,113730,97084],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113733,113734,113735,113739],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[166,113736,113737],{"href":98269},[15,113738,95979],{},", which adds only one item.",[131,113741,3385],{"id":3384},[46,113743,113745],{"className":48,"code":113744,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113746,113747,113763,113785,113795],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113748,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113750,3395],{"class":61},[55,113752,66],{"class":65},[55,113754,10272],{"class":91},[55,113756,2761],{"class":1210},[55,113758,2764],{"class":91},[55,113760,2767],{"class":1210},[55,113762,9089],{"class":91},[55,113764,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113766,3427],{"class":61},[55,113768,92],{"class":91},[55,113770,30236],{"class":95},[55,113772,2758],{"class":91},[55,113774,1829],{"class":1210},[55,113776,2764],{"class":91},[55,113778,2223],{"class":1210},[55,113780,2764],{"class":91},[55,113782,2229],{"class":1210},[55,113784,3668],{"class":91},[55,113786,113787,113789,113791,113793],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113788,106],{"class":105},[55,113790,109],{"class":91},[55,113792,3427],{"class":95},[55,113794,342],{"class":91},[55,113796,113797],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,113798,113799],{"class":118},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113801,1866,113802,113804],{},[15,113803,14734],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[131,113806,134,113808,137],{"id":113807},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113809,97084],{},[20,113811,113812,539],{},[15,113813,97084],{},[30,113815,113816,113819,113821,113824],{},[33,113817,113818],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113820,96086],{},[33,113822,113823],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113825,96089],{},[20,113827,113828],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[46,113830,113832],{"className":48,"code":113831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113833,113834,113858,113884,113888,113898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113835,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113837,12855],{"class":61},[55,113839,66],{"class":65},[55,113841,10272],{"class":91},[55,113843,228],{"class":69},[55,113845,12872],{"class":73},[55,113847,228],{"class":69},[55,113849,2764],{"class":91},[55,113851,70],{"class":69},[55,113853,705],{"class":73},[55,113855,228],{"class":69},[55,113857,9089],{"class":91},[55,113859,113860,113862,113864,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,113861,17279],{"class":61},[55,113863,92],{"class":91},[55,113865,30236],{"class":95},[55,113867,2758],{"class":91},[55,113869,228],{"class":69},[55,113871,705],{"class":73},[55,113873,228],{"class":69},[55,113875,2764],{"class":91},[55,113877,70],{"class":69},[55,113879,17232],{"class":73},[55,113881,228],{"class":69},[55,113883,3668],{"class":91},[55,113885,113886],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,113887,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,113889,113890,113892,113894,113896],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,113891,106],{"class":105},[55,113893,109],{"class":91},[55,113895,17279],{"class":95},[55,113897,342],{"class":91},[55,113899,113900],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,113901,113902],{"class":118},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113904,20756,113905,113907],{},[15,113906,110803],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[131,113909,178],{"id":177},[20,113911,7003],{},[46,113913,113915],{"className":48,"code":113914,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113916,113917],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113918,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113920,15445],{"class":61},[55,113922,92],{"class":91},[55,113924,30236],{"class":95},[55,113926,109],{"class":91},[55,113928,3498],{"class":95},[55,113930,342],{"class":91},[20,113932,79976],{},[30,113934,113935,113938,113941,113944,113947],{},[33,113936,113937],{},"A list",[33,113939,113940],{},"A tuple",[33,113942,113943],{},"Another set",[33,113945,113946],{},"A string",[33,113948,113949],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113951,113952],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[46,113954,113956],{"className":48,"code":113955,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113957,113958],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113959,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976,113978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113961,15445],{"class":61},[55,113963,92],{"class":91},[55,113965,30236],{"class":95},[55,113967,109],{"class":91},[55,113969,166],{"class":95},[55,113971,2764],{"class":91},[55,113973,2332],{"class":95},[55,113975,2764],{"class":91},[55,113977,9462],{"class":95},[55,113979,342],{"class":91},[20,113981,214],{},[46,113983,113985],{"className":48,"code":113984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113986,113987,113999,114033,114037,114047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113988,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113990,3601],{"class":61},[55,113992,66],{"class":65},[55,113994,10272],{"class":91},[55,113996,2761],{"class":1210},[55,113998,9089],{"class":91},[55,114000,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114002,5142],{"class":61},[55,114004,92],{"class":91},[55,114006,30236],{"class":95},[55,114008,2758],{"class":91},[55,114010,1829],{"class":1210},[55,114012,2764],{"class":91},[55,114014,2223],{"class":1210},[55,114016,17839],{"class":91},[55,114018,9016],{"class":91},[55,114020,2277],{"class":1210},[55,114022,2764],{"class":91},[55,114024,4388],{"class":1210},[55,114026,9013],{"class":91},[55,114028,10272],{"class":91},[55,114030,80367],{"class":1210},[55,114032,30268],{"class":91},[55,114034,114035],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114036,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114038,114039,114041,114043,114045],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114040,106],{"class":105},[55,114042,109],{"class":91},[55,114044,5142],{"class":95},[55,114046,342],{"class":91},[55,114048,114049],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114050,114051],{"class":118},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114053,96095,114054,92],{},[166,114055,96103],{"href":97652},[131,114057,21747],{"id":21746},[20,114059,114060,2168,114062,92],{},[15,114061,97084],{},[15,114063,3556],{},[20,114065,11494],{},[46,114067,114069],{"className":48,"code":114068,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114070,114071,114087,114109,114113,114123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114072,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114074,3395],{"class":61},[55,114076,66],{"class":65},[55,114078,10272],{"class":91},[55,114080,2761],{"class":1210},[55,114082,2764],{"class":91},[55,114084,2767],{"class":1210},[55,114086,9089],{"class":91},[55,114088,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114090,83],{"class":61},[55,114092,66],{"class":65},[55,114094,4045],{"class":61},[55,114096,92],{"class":91},[55,114098,30236],{"class":95},[55,114100,2758],{"class":91},[55,114102,1835],{"class":1210},[55,114104,2764],{"class":91},[55,114106,2229],{"class":1210},[55,114108,3668],{"class":91},[55,114110,114111],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114112,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114114,114115,114117,114119,114121],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114116,106],{"class":105},[55,114118,109],{"class":91},[55,114120,112],{"class":95},[55,114122,342],{"class":91},[55,114124,114125],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114126,61603],{"class":118},[20,114128,114129,114130,92],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114131,112],{},[20,114133,18746],{},[46,114135,114137],{"className":48,"code":114136,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114138,114139,114155,114173,114177,114187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114140,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114142,3395],{"class":61},[55,114144,66],{"class":65},[55,114146,10272],{"class":91},[55,114148,2761],{"class":1210},[55,114150,2764],{"class":91},[55,114152,2767],{"class":1210},[55,114154,9089],{"class":91},[55,114156,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114158,3427],{"class":61},[55,114160,92],{"class":91},[55,114162,30236],{"class":95},[55,114164,2758],{"class":91},[55,114166,1835],{"class":1210},[55,114168,2764],{"class":91},[55,114170,2229],{"class":1210},[55,114172,3668],{"class":91},[55,114174,114175],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114176,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114178,114179,114181,114183,114185],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114180,106],{"class":105},[55,114182,109],{"class":91},[55,114184,3427],{"class":95},[55,114186,342],{"class":91},[55,114188,114189],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114190,113799],{"class":118},[131,114192,114194],{"id":114193},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114196,114197,114198,92],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114199,14734],{},[46,114201,114203],{"className":48,"code":114202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114204,114205,114221,114247,114251,114261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114206,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114208,3395],{"class":61},[55,114210,66],{"class":65},[55,114212,10272],{"class":91},[55,114214,2761],{"class":1210},[55,114216,2764],{"class":91},[55,114218,2767],{"class":1210},[55,114220,9089],{"class":91},[55,114222,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114224,3427],{"class":61},[55,114226,92],{"class":91},[55,114228,30236],{"class":95},[55,114230,2758],{"class":91},[55,114232,1829],{"class":1210},[55,114234,2764],{"class":91},[55,114236,2223],{"class":1210},[55,114238,2764],{"class":91},[55,114240,2229],{"class":1210},[55,114242,2764],{"class":91},[55,114244,2229],{"class":1210},[55,114246,3668],{"class":91},[55,114248,114249],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114250,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114252,114253,114255,114257,114259],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114254,106],{"class":105},[55,114256,109],{"class":91},[55,114258,3427],{"class":95},[55,114260,342],{"class":91},[55,114262,114263],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114264,113799],{"class":118},[20,114266,11463],{},[30,114268,114269,114274,114281],{},[33,114270,114271,114273],{},[15,114272,1829],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114275,114276,1377,114278,114280],{},[15,114277,1835],{},[15,114279,2277],{}," are added",[33,114282,114283,114284,114286],{},"The second ",[15,114285,2277],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114288,114289,114290,114293],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[166,114291,114292],{"href":98846},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[131,114295,114297],{"id":114296},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114299,7546,114300,114302],{},[15,114301,14734],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[46,114304,114306],{"className":48,"code":114305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114307,114308,114329,114350,114354,114370,114374,114384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114309,114310,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114311,114312],{"class":61},"set_a ",[55,114314,66],{"class":65},[55,114316,10272],{"class":91},[55,114318,2761],{"class":1210},[55,114320,2764],{"class":91},[55,114322,2767],{"class":1210},[55,114324,2764],{"class":91},[55,114326,2223],{"class":1210},[55,114328,9089],{"class":91},[55,114330,114331,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114332,114333],{"class":61},"set_b ",[55,114335,66],{"class":65},[55,114337,10272],{"class":91},[55,114339,1835],{"class":1210},[55,114341,2764],{"class":91},[55,114343,2229],{"class":1210},[55,114345,2764],{"class":91},[55,114347,4388],{"class":1210},[55,114349,9089],{"class":91},[55,114351,114352],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114353,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114355,114356,114359,114361,114363,114365,114368],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114357,114358],{"class":61},"set_a",[55,114360,92],{"class":91},[55,114362,30236],{"class":95},[55,114364,109],{"class":91},[55,114366,114367],{"class":95},"set_b",[55,114369,342],{"class":91},[55,114371,114372],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114373,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114375,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,114377,106],{"class":105},[55,114379,109],{"class":91},[55,114381,114358],{"class":95},[55,114383,342],{"class":91},[55,114385,114386],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,114387,111760],{"class":118},[20,114389,114390],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114392,114393,114394,92],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[166,114395,114396],{"href":102565},[15,114397,107812],{},[46,114399,114401],{"className":48,"code":114400,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114402,114403,114423,114443,114447,114467,114471,114482,114486,114496],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114404,114405,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417,114419,114421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114406,114312],{"class":61},[55,114408,66],{"class":65},[55,114410,10272],{"class":91},[55,114412,2761],{"class":1210},[55,114414,2764],{"class":91},[55,114416,2767],{"class":1210},[55,114418,2764],{"class":91},[55,114420,2223],{"class":1210},[55,114422,9089],{"class":91},[55,114424,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114426,114333],{"class":61},[55,114428,66],{"class":65},[55,114430,10272],{"class":91},[55,114432,1835],{"class":1210},[55,114434,2764],{"class":91},[55,114436,2229],{"class":1210},[55,114438,2764],{"class":91},[55,114440,4388],{"class":1210},[55,114442,9089],{"class":91},[55,114444,114445],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114446,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114448,114449,114452,114454,114457,114459,114461,114463,114465],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114450,114451],{"class":61},"combined ",[55,114453,66],{"class":65},[55,114455,114456],{"class":61}," set_a",[55,114458,92],{"class":91},[55,114460,111038],{"class":95},[55,114462,109],{"class":91},[55,114464,114367],{"class":95},[55,114466,342],{"class":91},[55,114468,114469],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114470,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114472,114473,114475,114477,114480],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,114474,106],{"class":105},[55,114476,109],{"class":91},[55,114478,114479],{"class":95},"combined",[55,114481,342],{"class":91},[55,114483,114484],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,114485,111760],{"class":118},[55,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,114489,106],{"class":105},[55,114491,109],{"class":91},[55,114493,114358],{"class":95},[55,114495,342],{"class":91},[55,114497,114498],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,114499,114500],{"class":118},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[131,114502,114504],{"id":114503},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114506,64512,114507,114509],{},[15,114508,14734],{}," adds each character separately.",[46,114511,114513],{"className":48,"code":114512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114514,114515,114531,114549,114553,114563],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114516,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114518,35860],{"class":61},[55,114520,66],{"class":65},[55,114522,10272],{"class":91},[55,114524,228],{"class":69},[55,114526,1947],{"class":73},[55,114528,228],{"class":69},[55,114530,9089],{"class":91},[55,114532,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543,114545,114547],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114534,35913],{"class":61},[55,114536,92],{"class":91},[55,114538,30236],{"class":95},[55,114540,109],{"class":91},[55,114542,228],{"class":69},[55,114544,36818],{"class":73},[55,114546,228],{"class":69},[55,114548,342],{"class":91},[55,114550,114551],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114552,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114554,114555,114557,114559,114561],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114556,106],{"class":105},[55,114558,109],{"class":91},[55,114560,35913],{"class":95},[55,114562,342],{"class":91},[55,114564,114565],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114566,114567],{"class":118},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114569,114570],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114572,114573,13833,114576,114578,114579,114581],{},[15,114574,114575],{},"update(\"cat\")",[123,114577,902],{}," add ",[15,114580,112805],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114583,114584,114588,114592],{},[33,114585,114586],{},[15,114587,66254],{},[33,114589,114590],{},[15,114591,17873],{},[33,114593,114594],{},[15,114595,112821],{},[20,114597,114598,114599,539],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[166,114600,114601],{"href":98269},[15,114602,95979],{},[46,114604,114606],{"className":48,"code":114605,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114607,114608,114624,114642,114646,114656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114609,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114611,3851],{"class":61},[55,114613,66],{"class":65},[55,114615,10272],{"class":91},[55,114617,228],{"class":69},[55,114619,57899],{"class":73},[55,114621,228],{"class":69},[55,114623,9089],{"class":91},[55,114625,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638,114640],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114627,3895],{"class":61},[55,114629,92],{"class":91},[55,114631,81879],{"class":95},[55,114633,109],{"class":91},[55,114635,228],{"class":69},[55,114637,36818],{"class":73},[55,114639,228],{"class":69},[55,114641,342],{"class":91},[55,114643,114644],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114645,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114647,114648,114650,114652,114654],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114649,106],{"class":105},[55,114651,109],{"class":91},[55,114653,3895],{"class":95},[55,114655,342],{"class":91},[55,114657,114658],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114659,114660],{"class":118},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[131,114662,114664,1477,114666],{"id":114663},"update-vs-add",[15,114665,14734],{},[15,114667,95974],{},[20,114669,114670],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114672,114673,114677],{},[33,114674,114675,96573],{},[15,114676,95974],{},[33,114678,114679,96578],{},[15,114680,14734],{},[20,114682,45810,114683,539],{},[15,114684,95974],{},[46,114686,114688],{"className":48,"code":114687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114689,114690,114706,114724,114728,114738],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114691,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114693,36009],{"class":61},[55,114695,66],{"class":65},[55,114697,10272],{"class":91},[55,114699,228],{"class":69},[55,114701,3860],{"class":73},[55,114703,228],{"class":69},[55,114705,9089],{"class":91},[55,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114709,36061],{"class":61},[55,114711,92],{"class":91},[55,114713,81879],{"class":95},[55,114715,109],{"class":91},[55,114717,228],{"class":69},[55,114719,3869],{"class":73},[55,114721,228],{"class":69},[55,114723,342],{"class":91},[55,114725,114726],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114727,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114729,114730,114732,114734,114736],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114731,106],{"class":105},[55,114733,109],{"class":91},[55,114735,36061],{"class":95},[55,114737,342],{"class":91},[55,114739,114740],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114741,114742],{"class":118},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114744,45810,114745,539],{},[15,114746,14734],{},[46,114748,114750],{"className":48,"code":114749,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114751,114752,114768,114794,114798,114808],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114753,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114755,36009],{"class":61},[55,114757,66],{"class":65},[55,114759,10272],{"class":91},[55,114761,228],{"class":69},[55,114763,3860],{"class":73},[55,114765,228],{"class":69},[55,114767,9089],{"class":91},[55,114769,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114771,36061],{"class":61},[55,114773,92],{"class":91},[55,114775,30236],{"class":95},[55,114777,2758],{"class":91},[55,114779,228],{"class":69},[55,114781,3869],{"class":73},[55,114783,228],{"class":69},[55,114785,2764],{"class":91},[55,114787,70],{"class":69},[55,114789,32994],{"class":73},[55,114791,228],{"class":69},[55,114793,3668],{"class":91},[55,114795,114796],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114797,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114799,114800,114802,114804,114806],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114801,106],{"class":105},[55,114803,109],{"class":91},[55,114805,36061],{"class":95},[55,114807,342],{"class":91},[55,114809,114810],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114811,114812],{"class":118},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114814,114815],{},"Important warning with strings:",[46,114817,114819],{"className":48,"code":114818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114820,114821,114837,114855,114859,114869],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114824,36009],{"class":61},[55,114826,66],{"class":65},[55,114828,10272],{"class":91},[55,114830,228],{"class":69},[55,114832,3860],{"class":73},[55,114834,228],{"class":69},[55,114836,9089],{"class":91},[55,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114840,36061],{"class":61},[55,114842,92],{"class":91},[55,114844,30236],{"class":95},[55,114846,109],{"class":91},[55,114848,228],{"class":69},[55,114850,38113],{"class":73},[55,114852,228],{"class":69},[55,114854,342],{"class":91},[55,114856,114857],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114858,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114860,114861,114863,114865,114867],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114862,106],{"class":105},[55,114864,109],{"class":91},[55,114866,36061],{"class":95},[55,114868,342],{"class":91},[55,114870,114871],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114872,114873],{"class":118},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114875,61878,114876,61951,114879,6417],{},[15,114877,114878],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114880,95974],{},[131,114882,114884,1477,114886],{"id":114883},"update-vs-union",[15,114885,14734],{},[15,114887,102568],{},[20,114889,114890],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1003,114892,114893],{"id":30236},[15,114894,14734],{},[30,114896,114897,114900],{},[33,114898,114899],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,114901,11204,114902],{},[15,114903,3556],{},[46,114905,114907],{"className":48,"code":114906,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114908,114909,114925,114941,114945,114959,114969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114910,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114912,2327],{"class":61},[55,114914,66],{"class":65},[55,114916,10272],{"class":91},[55,114918,2761],{"class":1210},[55,114920,2764],{"class":91},[55,114922,2767],{"class":1210},[55,114924,9089],{"class":91},[55,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,114928,2355],{"class":61},[55,114930,66],{"class":65},[55,114932,10272],{"class":91},[55,114934,1829],{"class":1210},[55,114936,2764],{"class":91},[55,114938,2223],{"class":1210},[55,114940,9089],{"class":91},[55,114942,114943],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,114944,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,114946,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,114948,166],{"class":61},[55,114950,92],{"class":91},[55,114952,30236],{"class":95},[55,114954,109],{"class":91},[55,114956,4543],{"class":95},[55,114958,342],{"class":91},[55,114960,114961,114963,114965,114967],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,114962,106],{"class":105},[55,114964,109],{"class":91},[55,114966,166],{"class":95},[55,114968,342],{"class":91},[55,114970,114971],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,114972,114500],{"class":118},[1003,114974,114975],{"id":111038},[15,114976,102568],{},[30,114978,114979,114981],{},[33,114980,101106],{},[33,114982,101109],{},[46,114984,114986],{"className":48,"code":114985,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114987,114988,115004,115020,115024,115042,115052,115056,115066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114989,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114991,2327],{"class":61},[55,114993,66],{"class":65},[55,114995,10272],{"class":91},[55,114997,2761],{"class":1210},[55,114999,2764],{"class":91},[55,115001,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115003,9089],{"class":91},[55,115005,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115007,2355],{"class":61},[55,115009,66],{"class":65},[55,115011,10272],{"class":91},[55,115013,1829],{"class":1210},[55,115015,2764],{"class":91},[55,115017,2223],{"class":1210},[55,115019,9089],{"class":91},[55,115021,115022],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115023,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115025,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034,115036,115038,115040],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115027,82959],{"class":61},[55,115029,66],{"class":65},[55,115031,56659],{"class":61},[55,115033,92],{"class":91},[55,115035,111038],{"class":95},[55,115037,109],{"class":91},[55,115039,4543],{"class":95},[55,115041,342],{"class":91},[55,115043,115044,115046,115048,115050],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115045,106],{"class":105},[55,115047,109],{"class":91},[55,115049,9520],{"class":95},[55,115051,342],{"class":91},[55,115053,115054],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,115055,114500],{"class":118},[55,115057,115058,115060,115062,115064],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,115059,106],{"class":105},[55,115061,109],{"class":91},[55,115063,166],{"class":95},[55,115065,342],{"class":91},[55,115067,115068],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,115069,115070],{"class":118},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115072,107454,115073,115075,115076,115080],{},[15,115074,14734],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[166,115077,115078],{"href":102565},[15,115079,102568],{}," when you want a new set.",[131,115082,115084],{"id":115083},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115086,10528,115087,92],{},[15,115088,97084],{},[1003,115090,115092],{"id":115091},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115094,115095],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[46,115097,115099],{"className":48,"code":115098,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115100,115101,115117,115139,115143,115153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115102,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115104,15407],{"class":61},[55,115106,66],{"class":65},[55,115108,10272],{"class":91},[55,115110,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115112,2764],{"class":91},[55,115114,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115116,9089],{"class":91},[55,115118,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115120,83],{"class":61},[55,115122,66],{"class":65},[55,115124,96694],{"class":61},[55,115126,92],{"class":91},[55,115128,30236],{"class":95},[55,115130,2758],{"class":91},[55,115132,1835],{"class":1210},[55,115134,2764],{"class":91},[55,115136,2229],{"class":1210},[55,115138,3668],{"class":91},[55,115140,115141],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115142,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115146,106],{"class":105},[55,115148,109],{"class":91},[55,115150,112],{"class":95},[55,115152,342],{"class":91},[55,115154,115155],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115156,61603],{"class":118},[20,115158,115159,115160,539],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115161,14734],{},[46,115163,115165],{"className":48,"code":115164,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115166,115167,115183,115201,115205,115215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115168,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115170,15407],{"class":61},[55,115172,66],{"class":65},[55,115174,10272],{"class":91},[55,115176,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115178,2764],{"class":91},[55,115180,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115182,9089],{"class":91},[55,115184,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115186,15445],{"class":61},[55,115188,92],{"class":91},[55,115190,30236],{"class":95},[55,115192,2758],{"class":91},[55,115194,1835],{"class":1210},[55,115196,2764],{"class":91},[55,115198,2229],{"class":1210},[55,115200,3668],{"class":91},[55,115202,115203],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115204,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115206,115207,115209,115211,115213],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115208,106],{"class":105},[55,115210,109],{"class":91},[55,115212,15445],{"class":95},[55,115214,342],{"class":91},[55,115216,115217],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115218,113799],{"class":118},[1003,115220,115222],{"id":115221},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115224,2609],{},[46,115226,115228],{"className":48,"code":115227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115229,115230,115246],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115231,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115233,15407],{"class":61},[55,115235,66],{"class":65},[55,115237,10272],{"class":91},[55,115239,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115241,2764],{"class":91},[55,115243,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115245,9089],{"class":91},[55,115247,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115249,15445],{"class":61},[55,115251,92],{"class":91},[55,115253,30236],{"class":95},[55,115255,109],{"class":91},[55,115257,1911],{"class":1210},[55,115259,342],{"class":91},[20,115261,62057,115262,8384,115264,115266],{},[15,115263,2780],{},[15,115265,1911],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115268,6340],{},[46,115270,115272],{"className":48,"code":115271,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115273,115274,115290,115304,115308,115318],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115275,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115277,15407],{"class":61},[55,115279,66],{"class":65},[55,115281,10272],{"class":91},[55,115283,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115285,2764],{"class":91},[55,115287,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115289,9089],{"class":91},[55,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115293,15445],{"class":61},[55,115295,92],{"class":91},[55,115297,30236],{"class":95},[55,115299,2758],{"class":91},[55,115301,1911],{"class":1210},[55,115303,3668],{"class":91},[55,115305,115306],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115307,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115309,115310,115312,115314,115316],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115311,106],{"class":105},[55,115313,109],{"class":91},[55,115315,15445],{"class":95},[55,115317,342],{"class":91},[55,115319,115320],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115321,115322],{"class":118},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115324,45683,115325,92],{},[166,115326,25454,115327],{"href":52370},[15,115328,115329],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1003,115331,115333],{"id":115332},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115335,115336],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[46,115338,115340],{"className":48,"code":115339,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115341,115342,115358,115384,115388,115398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115343,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115345,15407],{"class":61},[55,115347,66],{"class":65},[55,115349,10272],{"class":91},[55,115351,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115353,2764],{"class":91},[55,115355,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115357,9089],{"class":91},[55,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115361,15445],{"class":61},[55,115363,92],{"class":91},[55,115365,30236],{"class":95},[55,115367,2758],{"class":91},[55,115369,1829],{"class":1210},[55,115371,2764],{"class":91},[55,115373,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115375,2764],{"class":91},[55,115377,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115379,2764],{"class":91},[55,115381,2223],{"class":1210},[55,115383,3668],{"class":91},[55,115385,115386],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115387,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115389,115390,115392,115394,115396],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115391,106],{"class":105},[55,115393,109],{"class":91},[55,115395,15445],{"class":95},[55,115397,342],{"class":91},[55,115399,115400],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115401,114500],{"class":118},[1003,115403,115405,115406,44401,115408,115410],{"id":115404},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115407,14734],{},[15,115409,95974],{}," is better",[20,115412,115413,115414,115416],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115415,95974],{}," is usually the better choice.",[46,115418,115420],{"className":48,"code":115419,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115421,115422,115438,115456,115460,115470],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115423,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115425,15407],{"class":61},[55,115427,66],{"class":65},[55,115429,10272],{"class":91},[55,115431,228],{"class":69},[55,115433,57899],{"class":73},[55,115435,228],{"class":69},[55,115437,9089],{"class":91},[55,115439,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115441,15445],{"class":61},[55,115443,92],{"class":91},[55,115445,81879],{"class":95},[55,115447,109],{"class":91},[55,115449,228],{"class":69},[55,115451,36818],{"class":73},[55,115453,228],{"class":69},[55,115455,342],{"class":91},[55,115457,115458],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115459,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115461,115462,115464,115466,115468],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115463,106],{"class":105},[55,115465,109],{"class":91},[55,115467,15445],{"class":95},[55,115469,342],{"class":91},[55,115471,115472],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115473,114660],{"class":118},[131,115475,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,115477,1581,115479,97063],{"id":115478},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115480,97084],{},[20,115482,97066,115483,92],{},[15,115484,3556],{},[1003,115486,1613,115487,31999],{"id":31996},[15,115488,14734],{},[20,115490,115491],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1003,115493,1626,115495,1377,115497,1631],{"id":115494},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115496,95974],{},[15,115498,14734],{},[20,115500,115501,115503,115504,115506],{},[15,115502,95974],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115505,14734],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1003,115508,115510],{"id":115509},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115512,115513,115514,114509],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115515,14734],{},[1003,115517,115519],{"id":115518},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115521,1866,115522,1012,115524,92],{},[15,115523,102568],{},[15,115525,14734],{},[131,115527,1643],{"id":1642},[30,115529,115530,115537,115544,115550,115556],{},[33,115531,115532],{},[166,115533,115534],{"href":98269},[15,115535,115536],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115538,115539],{},[166,115540,115541],{"href":102565},[15,115542,115543],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115545,115546],{},[166,115547,115548],{"href":97652},[15,115549,97108],{},[33,115551,115552],{},[166,115553,115554],{"href":98846},[15,115555,100113],{},[33,115557,115558],{},[166,115559,115560,115562],{"href":52370},[15,115561,115329],{}," fix",[20,115564,115565,115566,115568,115569,115571],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115567,95979],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115570,107812],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1696,115573,115574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":115576},[115577,115578,115580,115581,115582,115583,115584,115585,115587,115592,115599,115608],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":113807,"depth":80,"text":115579},"What set.update() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":21746,"depth":80,"text":21747},{"id":114193,"depth":80,"text":114194},{"id":114296,"depth":80,"text":114297},{"id":114503,"depth":80,"text":114504},{"id":114663,"depth":80,"text":115586},"update() vs add()",{"id":114883,"depth":80,"text":115588,"children":115589},"update() vs union()",[115590,115591],{"id":30236,"depth":102,"text":14734},{"id":111038,"depth":102,"text":102568},{"id":115083,"depth":80,"text":115084,"children":115593},[115594,115595,115596,115597],{"id":115091,"depth":102,"text":115092},{"id":115221,"depth":102,"text":115222},{"id":115332,"depth":102,"text":115333},{"id":115404,"depth":102,"text":115598},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":115600},[115601,115603,115604,115606,115607],{"id":115478,"depth":102,"text":115602},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31996,"depth":102,"text":32069},{"id":115494,"depth":102,"text":115605},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115509,"depth":102,"text":115510},{"id":115518,"depth":102,"text":115519},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113719,"description":115609},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115615,"title":115616,"body":115617,"description":117383,"extension":1733,"meta":117384,"navigation":248,"path":13569,"seo":117385,"stem":117386,"__hash__":117387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115618,"toc":117358},[115619,115622,115625,115628,115639,115647,115650,115652,115801,115813,115817,115834,115838,115846,115848,115859,115861,115958,115964,115967,116063,116072,116077,116081,116086,116088,116098,116100,116209,116217,116221,116224,116227,116244,116250,116330,116333,116337,116340,116344,116347,116406,116409,116413,116416,116508,116512,116515,116622,116626,116632,116660,116662,116744,116754,116758,116761,116772,116775,116860,116863,116868,116872,116875,116886,116889,117031,117034,117038,117041,117055,117058,117119,117125,117127,117130,117152,117155,117255,117258,117290,117292,117296,117299,117301,117304,117308,117311,117315,117318,117322,117325,117327,117355],[10,115620,115616],{"id":115621},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115623,115624],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115626,115627],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115629,115630,115633,115636],{},[33,115631,115632],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115634,115635],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115637,115638],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115640,100035,115641,1377,115643,115646],{},[123,115642,12630],{},[123,115644,115645],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115648,115649],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[131,115651,1775],{"id":1774},[46,115653,115655],{"className":48,"code":115654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115656,115657,115664,115668,115694,115714,115734,115738,115756,115760,115773,115787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115658,115659,115661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115660,34861],{"class":487},[55,115662,115663],{"class":61}," copy\n",[55,115665,115666],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115667,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115669,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686,115688,115690,115692],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115671,11866],{"class":61},[55,115673,66],{"class":65},[55,115675,56065],{"class":91},[55,115677,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115679,2764],{"class":91},[55,115681,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115683,17839],{"class":91},[55,115685,3400],{"class":91},[55,115687,1835],{"class":1210},[55,115689,2764],{"class":91},[55,115691,2229],{"class":1210},[55,115693,53013],{"class":91},[55,115695,115696,115699,115701,115704,115706,115708,115710,115712],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115697,115698],{"class":61},"shallow ",[55,115700,66],{"class":65},[55,115702,115703],{"class":61}," copy",[55,115705,92],{"class":91},[55,115707,12691],{"class":95},[55,115709,109],{"class":91},[55,115711,11913],{"class":95},[55,115713,342],{"class":91},[55,115715,115716,115719,115721,115723,115725,115728,115730,115732],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115717,115718],{"class":61},"deep ",[55,115720,66],{"class":65},[55,115722,115703],{"class":61},[55,115724,92],{"class":91},[55,115726,115727],{"class":95},"deepcopy",[55,115729,109],{"class":91},[55,115731,11913],{"class":95},[55,115733,342],{"class":91},[55,115735,115736],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,115737,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115739,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,115741,11913],{"class":61},[55,115743,3680],{"class":91},[55,115745,1894],{"class":1210},[55,115747,13329],{"class":91},[55,115749,13332],{"class":95},[55,115751,109],{"class":91},[55,115753,56118],{"class":1210},[55,115755,342],{"class":91},[55,115757,115758],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,115759,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115761,115762,115764,115766,115768,115770],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,115763,106],{"class":105},[55,115765,109],{"class":91},[55,115767,11913],{"class":95},[55,115769,115],{"class":91},[55,115771,115772],{"class":118},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,115774,115775,115777,115779,115782,115784],{"class":57,"line":6222},[55,115776,106],{"class":105},[55,115778,109],{"class":91},[55,115780,115781],{"class":95},"shallow",[55,115783,115],{"class":91},[55,115785,115786],{"class":118},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,115788,115789,115791,115793,115796,115798],{"class":57,"line":11374},[55,115790,106],{"class":105},[55,115792,109],{"class":91},[55,115794,115795],{"class":95},"deep",[55,115797,115],{"class":91},[55,115799,115800],{"class":118},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115802,1866,115803,115806,115807,1377,115809,115812],{},[15,115804,115805],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[123,115808,12630],{},[15,115810,115811],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[131,115814,115816],{"id":115815},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115818,115819,115822,115825,115828,115831],{},[33,115820,115821],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115823,115824],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115826,115827],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115829,115830],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115832,115833],{},"When to use each approach",[131,115835,115837],{"id":115836},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115839,14969,115840,115842,115843,115845],{},[123,115841,12630],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[123,115844,902],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115847,1881],{},[30,115849,115850,115853,115856],{},[33,115851,115852],{},"the outer container is new",[33,115854,115855],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,115857,115858],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115860,214],{},[46,115862,115864],{"className":48,"code":115863,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115865,115866,115892,115906,115910,115928,115932,115945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115867,115868,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115869,11866],{"class":61},[55,115871,66],{"class":65},[55,115873,56065],{"class":91},[55,115875,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115877,2764],{"class":91},[55,115879,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115881,17839],{"class":91},[55,115883,3400],{"class":91},[55,115885,1835],{"class":1210},[55,115887,2764],{"class":91},[55,115889,2229],{"class":1210},[55,115891,53013],{"class":91},[55,115893,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,115895,14091],{"class":61},[55,115897,66],{"class":65},[55,115899,11941],{"class":61},[55,115901,92],{"class":91},[55,115903,12691],{"class":95},[55,115905,99],{"class":91},[55,115907,115908],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,115909,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115911,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,115913,14110],{"class":61},[55,115915,92],{"class":91},[55,115917,13332],{"class":95},[55,115919,2758],{"class":91},[55,115921,1911],{"class":1210},[55,115923,2764],{"class":91},[55,115925,37415],{"class":1210},[55,115927,3668],{"class":91},[55,115929,115930],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,115931,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,115933,115934,115936,115938,115940,115942],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,115935,106],{"class":105},[55,115937,109],{"class":91},[55,115939,11913],{"class":95},[55,115941,115],{"class":91},[55,115943,115944],{"class":118},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[55,115946,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,115948,106],{"class":105},[55,115950,109],{"class":91},[55,115952,14110],{"class":95},[55,115954,115],{"class":91},[55,115956,115957],{"class":118},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115959,115960,115961,115963],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115962,14110],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115965,115966],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[46,115968,115970],{"className":48,"code":115969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115971,115972,115998,116012,116016,116034,116038,116050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115973,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115975,11866],{"class":61},[55,115977,66],{"class":65},[55,115979,56065],{"class":91},[55,115981,2761],{"class":1210},[55,115983,2764],{"class":91},[55,115985,2767],{"class":1210},[55,115987,17839],{"class":91},[55,115989,3400],{"class":91},[55,115991,1835],{"class":1210},[55,115993,2764],{"class":91},[55,115995,2229],{"class":1210},[55,115997,53013],{"class":91},[55,115999,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116001,14091],{"class":61},[55,116003,66],{"class":65},[55,116005,11941],{"class":61},[55,116007,92],{"class":91},[55,116009,12691],{"class":95},[55,116011,99],{"class":91},[55,116013,116014],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116015,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116017,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116019,14110],{"class":61},[55,116021,3680],{"class":91},[55,116023,1894],{"class":1210},[55,116025,13329],{"class":91},[55,116027,13332],{"class":95},[55,116029,109],{"class":91},[55,116031,56118],{"class":1210},[55,116033,342],{"class":91},[55,116035,116036],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116037,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116039,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,116041,106],{"class":105},[55,116043,109],{"class":91},[55,116045,11913],{"class":95},[55,116047,115],{"class":91},[55,116049,115772],{"class":118},[55,116051,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,116053,106],{"class":105},[55,116055,109],{"class":91},[55,116057,14110],{"class":95},[55,116059,115],{"class":91},[55,116061,116062],{"class":118},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116064,116065,116066,1377,116068,116071],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116067,56222],{},[15,116069,116070],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116073,116074,116075,92],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[166,116076,43708],{"href":11845},[131,116078,116080],{"id":116079},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116082,14969,116083,116085],{},[123,116084,115645],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116087,1881],{},[30,116089,116090,116092,116095],{},[33,116091,115852],{},[33,116093,116094],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116096,116097],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116099,214],{},[46,116101,116103],{"className":48,"code":116102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116104,116105,116111,116115,116141,116159,116163,116181,116185,116197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116106,116107,116109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116108,34861],{"class":487},[55,116110,115663],{"class":61},[55,116112,116113],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116114,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116116,116117,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116118,11866],{"class":61},[55,116120,66],{"class":65},[55,116122,56065],{"class":91},[55,116124,2761],{"class":1210},[55,116126,2764],{"class":91},[55,116128,2767],{"class":1210},[55,116130,17839],{"class":91},[55,116132,3400],{"class":91},[55,116134,1835],{"class":1210},[55,116136,2764],{"class":91},[55,116138,2229],{"class":1210},[55,116140,53013],{"class":91},[55,116142,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116144,14091],{"class":61},[55,116146,66],{"class":65},[55,116148,115703],{"class":61},[55,116150,92],{"class":91},[55,116152,115727],{"class":95},[55,116154,109],{"class":91},[55,116156,11913],{"class":95},[55,116158,342],{"class":91},[55,116160,116161],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116162,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116164,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,116166,14110],{"class":61},[55,116168,3680],{"class":91},[55,116170,1894],{"class":1210},[55,116172,13329],{"class":91},[55,116174,13332],{"class":95},[55,116176,109],{"class":91},[55,116178,56118],{"class":1210},[55,116180,342],{"class":91},[55,116182,116183],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,116184,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,116188,106],{"class":105},[55,116190,109],{"class":91},[55,116192,11913],{"class":95},[55,116194,115],{"class":91},[55,116196,115944],{"class":118},[55,116198,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,116200,106],{"class":105},[55,116202,109],{"class":91},[55,116204,14110],{"class":95},[55,116206,115],{"class":91},[55,116208,116062],{"class":118},[20,116210,116211,116212,116214,116215,92],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116213,116070],{}," does not change ",[15,116216,56222],{},[131,116218,116220],{"id":116219},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116222,116223],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116225,116226],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116228,116229,116232,116235,116241],{},[33,116230,116231],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116233,116234],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116236,116237,116238,116240],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116239,66],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116242,116243],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116245,116246,116247,116249],{},"For example, this does ",[123,116248,902],{}," create a copy:",[46,116251,116253],{"className":48,"code":116252,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116254,116255,116275,116283,116287,116301,116305,116317],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116256,116257,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116258,11866],{"class":61},[55,116260,66],{"class":65},[55,116262,3400],{"class":91},[55,116264,2761],{"class":1210},[55,116266,2764],{"class":91},[55,116268,2767],{"class":1210},[55,116270,2764],{"class":91},[55,116272,2223],{"class":1210},[55,116274,3413],{"class":91},[55,116276,116277,116279,116281],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116278,14091],{"class":61},[55,116280,66],{"class":65},[55,116282,11904],{"class":61},[55,116284,116285],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116286,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116288,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116290,14110],{"class":61},[55,116292,92],{"class":91},[55,116294,13332],{"class":95},[55,116296,109],{"class":91},[55,116298,2277],{"class":1210},[55,116300,342],{"class":91},[55,116302,116303],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116304,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116306,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,116308,106],{"class":105},[55,116310,109],{"class":91},[55,116312,11913],{"class":95},[55,116314,115],{"class":91},[55,116316,55472],{"class":118},[55,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,116320,106],{"class":105},[55,116322,109],{"class":91},[55,116324,14110],{"class":95},[55,116326,115],{"class":91},[55,116328,116329],{"class":118},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116331,116332],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[131,116334,116336],{"id":116335},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116338,116339],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1003,116341,116343],{"id":116342},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116345,116346],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[46,116348,116350],{"className":48,"code":116349,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116351,116352,116378,116386,116390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116353,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116355,11866],{"class":61},[55,116357,66],{"class":65},[55,116359,56065],{"class":91},[55,116361,2761],{"class":1210},[55,116363,2764],{"class":91},[55,116365,2767],{"class":1210},[55,116367,17839],{"class":91},[55,116369,3400],{"class":91},[55,116371,1835],{"class":1210},[55,116373,2764],{"class":91},[55,116375,2229],{"class":1210},[55,116377,53013],{"class":91},[55,116379,116380,116382,116384],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116381,13882],{"class":61},[55,116383,66],{"class":65},[55,116385,11904],{"class":61},[55,116387,116388],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116389,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116391,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116393,106],{"class":105},[55,116395,109],{"class":91},[55,116397,11866],{"class":95},[55,116399,11974],{"class":487},[55,116401,13950],{"class":95},[55,116403,115],{"class":91},[55,116405,3442],{"class":118},[20,116407,116408],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1003,116410,116412],{"id":116411},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116414,116415],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[46,116417,116419],{"className":48,"code":116418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116420,116421,116447,116461,116465,116482],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116422,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116424,11866],{"class":61},[55,116426,66],{"class":65},[55,116428,56065],{"class":91},[55,116430,2761],{"class":1210},[55,116432,2764],{"class":91},[55,116434,2767],{"class":1210},[55,116436,17839],{"class":91},[55,116438,3400],{"class":91},[55,116440,1835],{"class":1210},[55,116442,2764],{"class":91},[55,116444,2229],{"class":1210},[55,116446,53013],{"class":91},[55,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116450,115698],{"class":61},[55,116452,66],{"class":65},[55,116454,11941],{"class":61},[55,116456,92],{"class":91},[55,116458,12691],{"class":95},[55,116460,99],{"class":91},[55,116462,116463],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116464,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116466,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116478,116480],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116468,106],{"class":105},[55,116470,109],{"class":91},[55,116472,11866],{"class":95},[55,116474,11974],{"class":487},[55,116476,116477],{"class":95}," shallow",[55,116479,115],{"class":91},[55,116481,20978],{"class":118},[55,116483,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116485,106],{"class":105},[55,116487,109],{"class":91},[55,116489,11913],{"class":95},[55,116491,3680],{"class":91},[55,116493,1894],{"class":1210},[55,116495,13052],{"class":91},[55,116497,7880],{"class":487},[55,116499,116477],{"class":95},[55,116501,3680],{"class":91},[55,116503,1894],{"class":1210},[55,116505,20224],{"class":91},[55,116507,3442],{"class":118},[1003,116509,116511],{"id":116510},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116513,116514],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[46,116516,116518],{"className":48,"code":116517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116519,116520,116526,116530,116556,116574,116578,116596],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116521,116522,116524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116523,34861],{"class":487},[55,116525,115663],{"class":61},[55,116527,116528],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116529,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116531,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116533,11866],{"class":61},[55,116535,66],{"class":65},[55,116537,56065],{"class":91},[55,116539,2761],{"class":1210},[55,116541,2764],{"class":91},[55,116543,2767],{"class":1210},[55,116545,17839],{"class":91},[55,116547,3400],{"class":91},[55,116549,1835],{"class":1210},[55,116551,2764],{"class":91},[55,116553,2229],{"class":1210},[55,116555,53013],{"class":91},[55,116557,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116559,115718],{"class":61},[55,116561,66],{"class":65},[55,116563,115703],{"class":61},[55,116565,92],{"class":91},[55,116567,115727],{"class":95},[55,116569,109],{"class":91},[55,116571,11913],{"class":95},[55,116573,342],{"class":91},[55,116575,116576],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116577,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116579,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116591,116593],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,116581,106],{"class":105},[55,116583,109],{"class":91},[55,116585,11866],{"class":95},[55,116587,11974],{"class":487},[55,116589,116590],{"class":95}," deep",[55,116592,115],{"class":91},[55,116594,116595],{"class":118},"         # False\n",[55,116597,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,116599,106],{"class":105},[55,116601,109],{"class":91},[55,116603,11913],{"class":95},[55,116605,3680],{"class":91},[55,116607,1894],{"class":1210},[55,116609,13052],{"class":91},[55,116611,7880],{"class":487},[55,116613,116590],{"class":95},[55,116615,3680],{"class":91},[55,116617,1894],{"class":1210},[55,116619,20224],{"class":91},[55,116621,43644],{"class":118},[131,116623,116625],{"id":116624},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116627,116628,116629,539],{},"These all make ",[123,116630,116631],{},"shallow copies",[30,116633,116634,116638,116642,116647,116653],{},[33,116635,116636],{},[15,116637,55372],{},[33,116639,116640],{},[15,116641,12215],{},[33,116643,116644],{},[15,116645,116646],{},"set.copy()",[33,116648,116649,116650],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116651,116652],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116654,116655,116657,116658,34851],{},[15,116656,115805],{}," from the ",[15,116659,12691],{},[20,116661,1900],{},[46,116663,116665],{"className":48,"code":116664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116666,116667,116687,116691,116705,116716,116720,116732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116668,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116670,3395],{"class":61},[55,116672,66],{"class":65},[55,116674,3400],{"class":91},[55,116676,2761],{"class":1210},[55,116678,2764],{"class":91},[55,116680,2767],{"class":1210},[55,116682,2764],{"class":91},[55,116684,2223],{"class":1210},[55,116686,3413],{"class":91},[55,116688,116689],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116690,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116692,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116694,2327],{"class":61},[55,116696,66],{"class":65},[55,116698,4045],{"class":61},[55,116700,92],{"class":91},[55,116702,12691],{"class":95},[55,116704,99],{"class":91},[55,116706,116707,116709,116711,116713],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116708,2355],{"class":61},[55,116710,66],{"class":65},[55,116712,4045],{"class":61},[55,116714,116715],{"class":91},"[:]\n",[55,116717,116718],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116719,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116721,116722,116724,116726,116728,116730],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,116723,106],{"class":105},[55,116725,109],{"class":91},[55,116727,166],{"class":95},[55,116729,115],{"class":91},[55,116731,54703],{"class":118},[55,116733,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,116735,106],{"class":105},[55,116737,109],{"class":91},[55,116739,4543],{"class":95},[55,116741,115],{"class":91},[55,116743,54703],{"class":118},[20,116745,72913,116746,47304,116750,92],{},[166,116747,116748,1573],{"href":54731},[15,116749,55372],{},[166,116751,116752,1573],{"href":12212},[15,116753,12215],{},[131,116755,116757],{"id":116756},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116759,116760],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116762,116763,116766,116769],{},[33,116764,116765],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116767,116768],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116770,116771],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116773,116774],{},"Example with a flat list:",[46,116776,116778],{"className":48,"code":116777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116779,116780,116800,116814,116818,116832,116836,116848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116781,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116783,11866],{"class":61},[55,116785,66],{"class":65},[55,116787,3400],{"class":91},[55,116789,2761],{"class":1210},[55,116791,2764],{"class":91},[55,116793,2767],{"class":1210},[55,116795,2764],{"class":91},[55,116797,2223],{"class":1210},[55,116799,3413],{"class":91},[55,116801,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116803,14091],{"class":61},[55,116805,66],{"class":65},[55,116807,11941],{"class":61},[55,116809,92],{"class":91},[55,116811,12691],{"class":95},[55,116813,99],{"class":91},[55,116815,116816],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116817,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116819,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116821,14110],{"class":61},[55,116823,92],{"class":91},[55,116825,13332],{"class":95},[55,116827,109],{"class":91},[55,116829,2277],{"class":1210},[55,116831,342],{"class":91},[55,116833,116834],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116835,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116837,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,116839,106],{"class":105},[55,116841,109],{"class":91},[55,116843,11913],{"class":95},[55,116845,115],{"class":91},[55,116847,54703],{"class":118},[55,116849,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,116851,106],{"class":105},[55,116853,109],{"class":91},[55,116855,14110],{"class":95},[55,116857,115],{"class":91},[55,116859,116329],{"class":118},[20,116861,116862],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116864,116865,116866,92],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[166,116867,14668],{"href":56991},[131,116869,116871],{"id":116870},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116873,116874],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,116876,116877,116880,116883],{},[33,116878,116879],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,116881,116882],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,116884,116885],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116887,116888],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[46,116890,116892],{"className":48,"code":116891,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116893,116894,116900,116904,116930,116944,116962,116966,116988,116992,117005,117018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116895,116896,116898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116897,34861],{"class":487},[55,116899,115663],{"class":61},[55,116901,116902],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,116903,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116905,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,116907,11866],{"class":61},[55,116909,66],{"class":65},[55,116911,10272],{"class":91},[55,116913,228],{"class":69},[55,116915,16168],{"class":73},[55,116917,228],{"class":69},[55,116919,539],{"class":91},[55,116921,3400],{"class":91},[55,116923,2101],{"class":1210},[55,116925,2764],{"class":91},[55,116927,7574],{"class":1210},[55,116929,13485],{"class":91},[55,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,116933,115698],{"class":61},[55,116935,66],{"class":65},[55,116937,11941],{"class":61},[55,116939,92],{"class":91},[55,116941,12691],{"class":95},[55,116943,99],{"class":91},[55,116945,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,116947,115718],{"class":61},[55,116949,66],{"class":65},[55,116951,115703],{"class":61},[55,116953,92],{"class":91},[55,116955,115727],{"class":95},[55,116957,109],{"class":91},[55,116959,11913],{"class":95},[55,116961,342],{"class":91},[55,116963,116964],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,116965,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116967,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,116969,11913],{"class":61},[55,116971,3680],{"class":91},[55,116973,228],{"class":69},[55,116975,16168],{"class":73},[55,116977,228],{"class":69},[55,116979,13329],{"class":91},[55,116981,13332],{"class":95},[55,116983,109],{"class":91},[55,116985,36612],{"class":1210},[55,116987,342],{"class":91},[55,116989,116990],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,116991,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,116993,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,116995,106],{"class":105},[55,116997,109],{"class":91},[55,116999,11913],{"class":95},[55,117001,115],{"class":91},[55,117003,117004],{"class":118},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,117006,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015],{"class":57,"line":6222},[55,117008,106],{"class":105},[55,117010,109],{"class":91},[55,117012,115781],{"class":95},[55,117014,115],{"class":91},[55,117016,117017],{"class":118},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,117019,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028],{"class":57,"line":11374},[55,117021,106],{"class":105},[55,117023,109],{"class":91},[55,117025,115795],{"class":95},[55,117027,115],{"class":91},[55,117029,117030],{"class":118},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117032,117033],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[131,117035,117037],{"id":117036},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117039,117040],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,117042,117043,117046,117049,117052],{},[33,117044,117045],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,117047,117048],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,117050,117051],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,117053,117054],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117056,117057],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[46,117059,117061],{"className":48,"code":117060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117062,117063,117071,117079,117083,117091,117095,117107],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117064,117065,117067,117069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117066,2327],{"class":61},[55,117068,66],{"class":65},[55,117070,2360],{"class":1210},[55,117072,117073,117075,117077],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117074,2355],{"class":61},[55,117076,66],{"class":65},[55,117078,35945],{"class":61},[55,117080,117081],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,117082,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,117084,117085,117087,117089],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,117086,2355],{"class":61},[55,117088,66],{"class":65},[55,117090,14394],{"class":1210},[55,117092,117093],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,117094,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,117096,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,117098,106],{"class":105},[55,117100,109],{"class":91},[55,117102,166],{"class":95},[55,117104,115],{"class":91},[55,117106,26568],{"class":118},[55,117108,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,117110,106],{"class":105},[55,117112,109],{"class":91},[55,117114,4543],{"class":95},[55,117116,115],{"class":91},[55,117118,27388],{"class":118},[20,117120,93279,117121,117124],{},[166,117122,117123],{"href":11845},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[131,117126,1001],{"id":1000},[20,117128,117129],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117131,117132,117136,117141,117146,117149],{},[33,117133,1185,117134,56555],{},[15,117135,66],{},[33,117137,1185,117138,117140],{},[15,117139,55372],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117142,1185,117143,117145],{},[15,117144,12215],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117147,117148],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117150,117151],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117153,117154],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[46,117156,117158],{"className":48,"code":117157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117159,117160,117174,117188,117210,117241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117161,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117163,106],{"class":105},[55,117165,109],{"class":91},[55,117167,11866],{"class":95},[55,117169,11974],{"class":487},[55,117171,14164],{"class":95},[55,117173,342],{"class":91},[55,117175,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117177,106],{"class":105},[55,117179,109],{"class":91},[55,117181,11866],{"class":95},[55,117183,1326],{"class":65},[55,117185,14164],{"class":95},[55,117187,342],{"class":91},[55,117189,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,117191,106],{"class":105},[55,117193,109],{"class":91},[55,117195,12430],{"class":105},[55,117197,109],{"class":91},[55,117199,11913],{"class":95},[55,117201,9013],{"class":91},[55,117203,14596],{"class":105},[55,117205,109],{"class":91},[55,117207,14110],{"class":95},[55,117209,1273],{"class":91},[55,117211,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,117213,106],{"class":105},[55,117215,109],{"class":91},[55,117217,12430],{"class":105},[55,117219,109],{"class":91},[55,117221,11913],{"class":95},[55,117223,3680],{"class":91},[55,117225,1894],{"class":1210},[55,117227,117228],{"class":91},"]),",[55,117230,14596],{"class":105},[55,117232,109],{"class":91},[55,117234,14110],{"class":95},[55,117236,3680],{"class":91},[55,117238,1894],{"class":1210},[55,117240,2774],{"class":91},[55,117242,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,117244,106],{"class":105},[55,117246,109],{"class":91},[55,117248,1266],{"class":1265},[55,117250,109],{"class":91},[55,117252,11913],{"class":95},[55,117254,1273],{"class":91},[20,117256,117257],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117259,117260,117265,117270,117275,117285],{},[33,117261,117262,117264],{},[15,117263,11974],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117266,117267,117269],{},[15,117268,1326],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117271,117272,117274],{},[15,117273,43261],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117276,117277,117278,1377,117281,117284],{},"comparing ",[15,117279,117280],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117282,117283],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117286,117287,117289],{},[15,117288,2073],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[131,117291,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,117293,117295],{"id":117294},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117297,117298],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1003,117300,57041],{"id":56956},[20,117302,117303],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1003,117305,117307],{"id":117306},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117309,117310],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1003,117312,117314],{"id":117313},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117316,117317],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1003,117319,117321],{"id":117320},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117323,117324],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[131,117326,1643],{"id":1642},[30,117328,117329,117334,117340,117346,117350],{},[33,117330,117331],{},[166,117332,117333],{"href":11845},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117335,117336],{},[166,117337,1686,117338,1573],{"href":54731},[15,117339,55372],{},[33,117341,117342],{},[166,117343,1686,117344,1573],{"href":12212},[15,117345,12215],{},[33,117347,117348],{},[166,117349,14745],{"href":56991},[33,117351,117352],{},[166,117353,117354],{"href":58266},"What is a list in Python?",[1696,117356,117357],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":117359},[117360,117361,117362,117363,117364,117365,117370,117371,117372,117373,117374,117375,117382],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":115815,"depth":80,"text":115816},{"id":115836,"depth":80,"text":115837},{"id":116079,"depth":80,"text":116080},{"id":116219,"depth":80,"text":116220},{"id":116335,"depth":80,"text":116336,"children":117366},[117367,117368,117369],{"id":116342,"depth":102,"text":116343},{"id":116411,"depth":102,"text":116412},{"id":116510,"depth":102,"text":116511},{"id":116624,"depth":80,"text":116625},{"id":116756,"depth":80,"text":116757},{"id":116870,"depth":80,"text":116871},{"id":117036,"depth":80,"text":117037},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":117376},[117377,117378,117379,117380,117381],{"id":117294,"depth":102,"text":117295},{"id":56956,"depth":102,"text":57041},{"id":117306,"depth":102,"text":117307},{"id":117313,"depth":102,"text":117314},{"id":117320,"depth":102,"text":117321},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115616,"description":117383},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117389,"title":117390,"body":117391,"description":119248,"extension":1733,"meta":119249,"navigation":248,"path":119250,"seo":119251,"stem":119252,"__hash__":119253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117392,"toc":119206},[117393,117398,117403,117411,117413,117481,117486,117491,117506,117509,117511,117542,117544,117564,117567,117582,117584,117587,117660,117662,117707,117709,117720,117725,117729,117734,117737,117776,117778,117798,117801,117858,117860,117895,117898,117937,117939,117959,117962,117993,117995,118051,118053,118058,118129,118131,118164,118169,118174,118239,118241,118278,118281,118358,118360,118420,118427,118432,118435,118438,118519,118521,118562,118567,118570,118648,118650,118683,118692,118699,118702,118713,118716,118727,118731,118739,118748,118752,118757,118761,118766,118809,118812,118818,118821,118823,118870,118875,118879,118882,118931,118933,118954,118957,118959,118984,118987,119108,119113,119115,119120,119123,119128,119131,119139,119144,119151,119154,119162,119165,119167,119203],[10,117394,1686,117396,3355],{"id":117395},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117397,74197],{},[20,117399,117400,117402],{},[15,117401,74197],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117404,117405,117406,1963,117408,117410],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117407,77640],{},[15,117409,74197],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[131,117412,3385],{"id":3384},[46,117414,117416],{"className":48,"code":117415,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117417,117418,117438,117452,117456,117468],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117419,117420,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117421,3395],{"class":61},[55,117423,66],{"class":65},[55,117425,3400],{"class":91},[55,117427,1835],{"class":1210},[55,117429,2764],{"class":91},[55,117431,5282],{"class":1210},[55,117433,2764],{"class":91},[55,117435,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117437,3413],{"class":91},[55,117439,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117441,83],{"class":61},[55,117443,66],{"class":65},[55,117445,74331],{"class":105},[55,117447,109],{"class":91},[55,117449,3427],{"class":95},[55,117451,342],{"class":91},[55,117453,117454],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,117455,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,117457,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,117459,106],{"class":105},[55,117461,109],{"class":91},[55,117463,112],{"class":95},[55,117465,115],{"class":91},[55,117467,55459],{"class":118},[55,117469,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,117471,106],{"class":105},[55,117473,109],{"class":91},[55,117475,3427],{"class":95},[55,117477,115],{"class":91},[55,117479,117480],{"class":118},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117482,117483,117485],{},[15,117484,74197],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[131,117487,134,117489,137],{"id":117488},"what-sorted-does",[15,117490,74197],{},[30,117492,117493,117497,117500,117503],{},[33,117494,117495,62698],{},[15,117496,74197],{},[33,117498,117499],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117501,117502],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117504,117505],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117507,117508],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[131,117510,178],{"id":177},[46,117512,117514],{"className":48,"code":117513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117515,117516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117517,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117519,74287],{"class":105},[55,117521,109],{"class":91},[55,117523,3498],{"class":95},[55,117525,2764],{"class":91},[55,117527,21357],{"class":8955},[55,117529,66],{"class":65},[55,117531,3556],{"class":3631},[55,117533,2764],{"class":91},[55,117535,77843],{"class":8955},[55,117537,66],{"class":65},[55,117539,3452],{"class":3631},[55,117541,342],{"class":91},[1003,117543,17173],{"id":17172},[30,117545,117546,117551,117556],{},[33,117547,117548,117550],{},[15,117549,3498],{},": the values to sort",[33,117552,117553,117555],{},[15,117554,14621],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117557,117558,117560,117561,117563],{},[15,117559,73350],{},": set to ",[15,117562,3380],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117565,117566],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[46,117568,117570],{"className":48,"code":117569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117571,117572],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117573,117574,117576,117578,117580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117575,74287],{"class":105},[55,117577,109],{"class":91},[55,117579,60080],{"class":95},[55,117581,342],{"class":91},[131,117583,286],{"id":285},[20,117585,117586],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[46,117588,117590],{"className":48,"code":117589,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117591,117592,117616,117620,117635,117639,117650],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117593,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117595,3395],{"class":61},[55,117597,66],{"class":65},[55,117599,3400],{"class":91},[55,117601,1911],{"class":1210},[55,117603,2764],{"class":91},[55,117605,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117607,2764],{"class":91},[55,117609,6146],{"class":1210},[55,117611,2764],{"class":91},[55,117613,5282],{"class":1210},[55,117615,3413],{"class":91},[55,117617,117618],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117619,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,117621,117622,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,117623,117624],{"class":61},"sorted_numbers ",[55,117626,66],{"class":65},[55,117628,74331],{"class":105},[55,117630,109],{"class":91},[55,117632,3427],{"class":95},[55,117634,342],{"class":91},[55,117636,117637],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,117638,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,117640,117641,117643,117645,117648],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,117642,106],{"class":105},[55,117644,109],{"class":91},[55,117646,117647],{"class":95},"sorted_numbers",[55,117649,342],{"class":91},[55,117651,117652,117654,117656,117658],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,117653,106],{"class":105},[55,117655,109],{"class":91},[55,117657,3427],{"class":95},[55,117659,342],{"class":91},[20,117661,357],{},[46,117663,117665],{"className":48,"code":117664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117666,117667,117687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117668,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117670,3680],{"class":91},[55,117672,2761],{"class":1210},[55,117674,2764],{"class":91},[55,117676,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117678,2764],{"class":91},[55,117680,4388],{"class":1210},[55,117682,2764],{"class":91},[55,117684,6146],{"class":1210},[55,117686,3413],{"class":91},[55,117688,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117690,3680],{"class":91},[55,117692,1911],{"class":1210},[55,117694,2764],{"class":91},[55,117696,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117698,2764],{"class":91},[55,117700,6146],{"class":1210},[55,117702,2764],{"class":91},[55,117704,5282],{"class":1210},[55,117706,3413],{"class":91},[20,117708,13542],{},[30,117710,117711,117716],{},[33,117712,117713,117715],{},[15,117714,117647],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117717,117718,112252],{},[15,117719,3427],{},[20,117721,117722,117723,92],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[166,117724,78150],{"href":78149},[131,117726,117728],{"id":117727},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117730,117731,117733],{},[15,117732,74197],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1003,117735,117736],{"id":7877},"List",[46,117738,117740],{"className":48,"code":117739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117741,117742,117762],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117743,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117745,3395],{"class":61},[55,117747,66],{"class":65},[55,117749,3400],{"class":91},[55,117751,1835],{"class":1210},[55,117753,2764],{"class":91},[55,117755,5282],{"class":1210},[55,117757,2764],{"class":91},[55,117759,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117761,3413],{"class":91},[55,117763,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117765,106],{"class":105},[55,117767,109],{"class":91},[55,117769,74287],{"class":105},[55,117771,109],{"class":91},[55,117773,3427],{"class":95},[55,117775,1273],{"class":91},[20,117777,357],{},[46,117779,117780],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,117781,117782],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117783,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117785,3680],{"class":91},[55,117787,2761],{"class":1210},[55,117789,2764],{"class":91},[55,117791,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117793,2764],{"class":91},[55,117795,2223],{"class":1210},[55,117797,3413],{"class":91},[1003,117799,117800],{"id":48724},"Tuple",[46,117802,117804],{"className":48,"code":117803,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117805,117806,117826,117840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117807,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117809,3601],{"class":61},[55,117811,66],{"class":65},[55,117813,9016],{"class":91},[55,117815,1835],{"class":1210},[55,117817,2764],{"class":91},[55,117819,5282],{"class":1210},[55,117821,2764],{"class":91},[55,117823,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117825,342],{"class":91},[55,117827,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117829,106],{"class":105},[55,117831,109],{"class":91},[55,117833,74287],{"class":105},[55,117835,109],{"class":91},[55,117837,5142],{"class":95},[55,117839,1273],{"class":91},[55,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,117843,106],{"class":105},[55,117845,109],{"class":91},[55,117847,1266],{"class":1265},[55,117849,109],{"class":91},[55,117851,74287],{"class":105},[55,117853,109],{"class":91},[55,117855,5142],{"class":95},[55,117857,2685],{"class":91},[20,117859,357],{},[46,117861,117863],{"className":48,"code":117862,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117864,117865,117881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117866,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117868,3680],{"class":91},[55,117870,2761],{"class":1210},[55,117872,2764],{"class":91},[55,117874,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117876,2764],{"class":91},[55,117878,2223],{"class":1210},[55,117880,3413],{"class":91},[55,117882,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117884,3066],{"class":65},[55,117886,3069],{"class":1838},[55,117888,3072],{"class":69},[55,117890,7877],{"class":73},[55,117892,3077],{"class":69},[55,117894,3080],{"class":65},[1003,117896,117897],{"id":6073},"Set",[46,117899,117901],{"className":48,"code":117900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117902,117903,117923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117906,3601],{"class":61},[55,117908,66],{"class":65},[55,117910,10272],{"class":91},[55,117912,1835],{"class":1210},[55,117914,2764],{"class":91},[55,117916,5282],{"class":1210},[55,117918,2764],{"class":91},[55,117920,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117922,9089],{"class":91},[55,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117926,106],{"class":105},[55,117928,109],{"class":91},[55,117930,74287],{"class":105},[55,117932,109],{"class":91},[55,117934,5142],{"class":95},[55,117936,1273],{"class":91},[20,117938,357],{},[46,117940,117941],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,117942,117943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117944,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117946,3680],{"class":91},[55,117948,2761],{"class":1210},[55,117950,2764],{"class":91},[55,117952,2767],{"class":1210},[55,117954,2764],{"class":91},[55,117956,2223],{"class":1210},[55,117958,3413],{"class":91},[1003,117960,117961],{"id":191},"String",[46,117963,117965],{"className":48,"code":117964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117966,117967,117979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117968,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117970,62],{"class":61},[55,117972,66],{"class":65},[55,117974,70],{"class":69},[55,117976,50],{"class":73},[55,117978,77],{"class":69},[55,117980,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,117982,106],{"class":105},[55,117984,109],{"class":91},[55,117986,74287],{"class":105},[55,117988,109],{"class":91},[55,117990,352],{"class":95},[55,117992,1273],{"class":91},[20,117994,357],{},[46,117996,117997],{"className":48,"code":79167,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,117998,117999],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118000,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118002,3680],{"class":91},[55,118004,3077],{"class":69},[55,118006,60211],{"class":73},[55,118008,3077],{"class":69},[55,118010,2764],{"class":91},[55,118012,3072],{"class":69},[55,118014,75803],{"class":73},[55,118016,3077],{"class":69},[55,118018,2764],{"class":91},[55,118020,3072],{"class":69},[55,118022,60246],{"class":73},[55,118024,3077],{"class":69},[55,118026,2764],{"class":91},[55,118028,3072],{"class":69},[55,118030,20],{"class":73},[55,118032,3077],{"class":69},[55,118034,2764],{"class":91},[55,118036,3072],{"class":69},[55,118038,63059],{"class":73},[55,118040,3077],{"class":69},[55,118042,2764],{"class":91},[55,118044,3072],{"class":69},[55,118046,11525],{"class":73},[55,118048,3077],{"class":69},[55,118050,3413],{"class":91},[1003,118052,28994],{"id":15383},[20,118054,63312,118055,118057],{},[15,118056,74197],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[46,118059,118061],{"className":48,"code":118060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118062,118063,118115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118064,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118066,12983],{"class":61},[55,118068,66],{"class":65},[55,118070,10272],{"class":91},[55,118072,228],{"class":69},[55,118074,273],{"class":73},[55,118076,228],{"class":69},[55,118078,539],{"class":91},[55,118080,70],{"class":69},[55,118082,12660],{"class":73},[55,118084,228],{"class":69},[55,118086,2764],{"class":91},[55,118088,70],{"class":69},[55,118090,9079],{"class":73},[55,118092,228],{"class":69},[55,118094,539],{"class":91},[55,118096,7574],{"class":1210},[55,118098,2764],{"class":91},[55,118100,70],{"class":69},[55,118102,10190],{"class":73},[55,118104,228],{"class":69},[55,118106,539],{"class":91},[55,118108,70],{"class":69},[55,118110,15810],{"class":73},[55,118112,228],{"class":69},[55,118114,9089],{"class":91},[55,118116,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118118,106],{"class":105},[55,118120,109],{"class":91},[55,118122,74287],{"class":105},[55,118124,109],{"class":91},[55,118126,17085],{"class":95},[55,118128,1273],{"class":91},[20,118130,357],{},[46,118132,118134],{"className":48,"code":118133,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118135,118136],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118137,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118139,3680],{"class":91},[55,118141,3077],{"class":69},[55,118143,9079],{"class":73},[55,118145,3077],{"class":69},[55,118147,2764],{"class":91},[55,118149,3072],{"class":69},[55,118151,10190],{"class":73},[55,118153,3077],{"class":69},[55,118155,2764],{"class":91},[55,118157,3072],{"class":69},[55,118159,273],{"class":73},[55,118161,3077],{"class":69},[55,118163,3413],{"class":91},[131,118165,1185,118167],{"id":118166},"using-reversetrue",[15,118168,77864],{},[20,118170,1866,118171,118173],{},[15,118172,77864],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[46,118175,118177],{"className":48,"code":118176,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118178,118179,118199,118203,118217],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118180,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118182,3395],{"class":61},[55,118184,66],{"class":65},[55,118186,3400],{"class":91},[55,118188,1835],{"class":1210},[55,118190,2764],{"class":91},[55,118192,5282],{"class":1210},[55,118194,2764],{"class":91},[55,118196,2767],{"class":1210},[55,118198,3413],{"class":91},[55,118200,118201],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118202,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,118204,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,118206,106],{"class":105},[55,118208,109],{"class":91},[55,118210,74287],{"class":105},[55,118212,109],{"class":91},[55,118214,3427],{"class":95},[55,118216,1273],{"class":91},[55,118218,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,118220,106],{"class":105},[55,118222,109],{"class":91},[55,118224,74287],{"class":105},[55,118226,109],{"class":91},[55,118228,3427],{"class":95},[55,118230,2764],{"class":91},[55,118232,77843],{"class":8955},[55,118234,66],{"class":65},[55,118236,3380],{"class":3631},[55,118238,1273],{"class":91},[20,118240,357],{},[46,118242,118244],{"className":48,"code":118243,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118245,118246,118262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118247,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118249,3680],{"class":91},[55,118251,2761],{"class":1210},[55,118253,2764],{"class":91},[55,118255,2767],{"class":1210},[55,118257,2764],{"class":91},[55,118259,2223],{"class":1210},[55,118261,3413],{"class":91},[55,118263,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118265,3680],{"class":91},[55,118267,1835],{"class":1210},[55,118269,2764],{"class":91},[55,118271,2767],{"class":1210},[55,118273,2764],{"class":91},[55,118275,5282],{"class":1210},[55,118277,3413],{"class":91},[20,118279,118280],{},"This also works with strings:",[46,118282,118284],{"className":48,"code":118283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118285,118286,118318,118322,118336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118287,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118289,3851],{"class":61},[55,118291,66],{"class":65},[55,118293,3400],{"class":91},[55,118295,228],{"class":69},[55,118297,3860],{"class":73},[55,118299,228],{"class":69},[55,118301,2764],{"class":91},[55,118303,70],{"class":69},[55,118305,3869],{"class":73},[55,118307,228],{"class":69},[55,118309,2764],{"class":91},[55,118311,70],{"class":69},[55,118313,3878],{"class":73},[55,118315,228],{"class":69},[55,118317,3413],{"class":91},[55,118319,118320],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118321,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,118323,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,118325,106],{"class":105},[55,118327,109],{"class":91},[55,118329,74287],{"class":105},[55,118331,109],{"class":91},[55,118333,3895],{"class":95},[55,118335,1273],{"class":91},[55,118337,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,118339,106],{"class":105},[55,118341,109],{"class":91},[55,118343,74287],{"class":105},[55,118345,109],{"class":91},[55,118347,3895],{"class":95},[55,118349,2764],{"class":91},[55,118351,77843],{"class":8955},[55,118353,66],{"class":65},[55,118355,3380],{"class":3631},[55,118357,1273],{"class":91},[20,118359,357],{},[46,118361,118362],{"className":48,"code":73931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,118363,118364,118392],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118365,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118367,3680],{"class":91},[55,118369,3077],{"class":69},[55,118371,3860],{"class":73},[55,118373,3077],{"class":69},[55,118375,2764],{"class":91},[55,118377,3072],{"class":69},[55,118379,3869],{"class":73},[55,118381,3077],{"class":69},[55,118383,2764],{"class":91},[55,118385,3072],{"class":69},[55,118387,3878],{"class":73},[55,118389,3077],{"class":69},[55,118391,3413],{"class":91},[55,118393,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118395,3680],{"class":91},[55,118397,3077],{"class":69},[55,118399,3878],{"class":73},[55,118401,3077],{"class":69},[55,118403,2764],{"class":91},[55,118405,3072],{"class":69},[55,118407,3869],{"class":73},[55,118409,3077],{"class":69},[55,118411,2764],{"class":91},[55,118413,3072],{"class":69},[55,118415,3860],{"class":73},[55,118417,3077],{"class":69},[55,118419,3413],{"class":91},[131,118421,1185,118423,118426],{"id":118422},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118424,118425],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118428,1750,118429,118431],{},[15,118430,118425],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118433,118434],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118436,118437],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[46,118439,118441],{"className":48,"code":118440,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118442,118443,118483,118487,118509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118446,3851],{"class":61},[55,118448,66],{"class":65},[55,118450,3400],{"class":91},[55,118452,228],{"class":69},[55,118454,78517],{"class":73},[55,118456,228],{"class":69},[55,118458,2764],{"class":91},[55,118460,70],{"class":69},[55,118462,38130],{"class":73},[55,118464,228],{"class":69},[55,118466,2764],{"class":91},[55,118468,70],{"class":69},[55,118470,3869],{"class":73},[55,118472,228],{"class":69},[55,118474,2764],{"class":91},[55,118476,70],{"class":69},[55,118478,38113],{"class":73},[55,118480,228],{"class":69},[55,118482,3413],{"class":91},[55,118484,118485],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118486,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,118488,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,118490,83],{"class":61},[55,118492,66],{"class":65},[55,118494,74331],{"class":105},[55,118496,109],{"class":91},[55,118498,3895],{"class":95},[55,118500,2764],{"class":91},[55,118502,21357],{"class":8955},[55,118504,66],{"class":65},[55,118506,10942],{"class":105},[55,118508,342],{"class":91},[55,118510,118511,118513,118515,118517],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,118512,106],{"class":105},[55,118514,109],{"class":91},[55,118516,112],{"class":95},[55,118518,342],{"class":91},[20,118520,357],{},[46,118522,118524],{"className":48,"code":118523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118525,118526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118527,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118529,3680],{"class":91},[55,118531,3077],{"class":69},[55,118533,38130],{"class":73},[55,118535,3077],{"class":69},[55,118537,2764],{"class":91},[55,118539,3072],{"class":69},[55,118541,78517],{"class":73},[55,118543,3077],{"class":69},[55,118545,2764],{"class":91},[55,118547,3072],{"class":69},[55,118549,38113],{"class":73},[55,118551,3077],{"class":69},[55,118553,2764],{"class":91},[55,118555,3072],{"class":69},[55,118557,3869],{"class":73},[55,118559,3077],{"class":69},[55,118561,3413],{"class":91},[20,118563,20549,118564,118566],{},[15,118565,10942],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118568,118569],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[46,118571,118573],{"className":48,"code":118572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118574,118575,118608,118612,118638],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118576,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118604,118606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118578,3851],{"class":61},[55,118580,66],{"class":65},[55,118582,3400],{"class":91},[55,118584,228],{"class":69},[55,118586,83136],{"class":73},[55,118588,228],{"class":69},[55,118590,2764],{"class":91},[55,118592,70],{"class":69},[55,118594,3860],{"class":73},[55,118596,228],{"class":69},[55,118598,2764],{"class":91},[55,118600,70],{"class":69},[55,118602,118603],{"class":73},"Cherry",[55,118605,228],{"class":69},[55,118607,3413],{"class":91},[55,118609,118610],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118611,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,118613,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,118615,83],{"class":61},[55,118617,66],{"class":65},[55,118619,74331],{"class":105},[55,118621,109],{"class":91},[55,118623,3895],{"class":95},[55,118625,2764],{"class":91},[55,118627,21357],{"class":8955},[55,118629,66],{"class":65},[55,118631,3220],{"class":1265},[55,118633,92],{"class":91},[55,118635,96],{"class":1047},[55,118637,342],{"class":91},[55,118639,118640,118642,118644,118646],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,118641,106],{"class":105},[55,118643,109],{"class":91},[55,118645,112],{"class":95},[55,118647,342],{"class":91},[20,118649,357],{},[46,118651,118653],{"className":48,"code":118652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118654,118655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118658,3680],{"class":91},[55,118660,3077],{"class":69},[55,118662,3860],{"class":73},[55,118664,3077],{"class":69},[55,118666,2764],{"class":91},[55,118668,3072],{"class":69},[55,118670,83136],{"class":73},[55,118672,3077],{"class":69},[55,118674,2764],{"class":91},[55,118676,3072],{"class":69},[55,118678,118603],{"class":73},[55,118680,3077],{"class":69},[55,118682,3413],{"class":91},[20,118684,118685,118686,35100,118688,92],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118687,42134],{},[166,118689,1686,118690,1689],{"href":42131},[15,118691,42134],{},[131,118693,118695,1477,118697],{"id":118694},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118696,74197],{},[15,118698,77640],{},[20,118700,118701],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118703,118704,118709],{},[33,118705,118706,118708],{},[15,118707,74197],{}," returns a new list",[33,118710,118711,73735],{},[15,118712,77640],{},[20,118714,118715],{},"Also:",[30,118717,118718,118723],{},[33,118719,118720,118722],{},[15,118721,74197],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118724,118725,79073],{},[15,118726,77640],{},[20,118728,1866,118729,10382],{},[15,118730,74197],{},[30,118732,118733,118736],{},[33,118734,118735],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118737,118738],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118740,118741,118742,92],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[166,118743,1686,118744,1477,118746,5568],{"href":78898},[15,118745,74197],{},[15,118747,77640],{},[131,118749,118751],{"id":118750},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118753,118754,118755,92],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118756,74197],{},[1003,118758,118760],{"id":118759},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118762,118763,118764,539],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118765,2780],{},[46,118767,118769],{"className":48,"code":118768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118770,118771,118795],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118772,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118774,3601],{"class":61},[55,118776,66],{"class":65},[55,118778,3400],{"class":91},[55,118780,2761],{"class":1210},[55,118782,2764],{"class":91},[55,118784,70],{"class":69},[55,118786,1829],{"class":73},[55,118788,228],{"class":69},[55,118790,2764],{"class":91},[55,118792,2223],{"class":1210},[55,118794,3413],{"class":91},[55,118796,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118798,106],{"class":105},[55,118800,109],{"class":91},[55,118802,74287],{"class":105},[55,118804,109],{"class":91},[55,118806,5142],{"class":95},[55,118808,1273],{"class":91},[20,118810,118811],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1003,118813,118815,118816,538],{"id":118814},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118817,14621],{},[20,118819,118820],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118822,214],{},[46,118824,118826],{"className":48,"code":118825,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118827,118828,118848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118829,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118831,3395],{"class":61},[55,118833,66],{"class":65},[55,118835,3400],{"class":91},[55,118837,2101],{"class":1210},[55,118839,2764],{"class":91},[55,118841,2767],{"class":1210},[55,118843,2764],{"class":91},[55,118845,7579],{"class":1210},[55,118847,3413],{"class":91},[55,118849,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118851,106],{"class":105},[55,118853,109],{"class":91},[55,118855,74287],{"class":105},[55,118857,109],{"class":91},[55,118859,3427],{"class":95},[55,118861,2764],{"class":91},[55,118863,21357],{"class":8955},[55,118865,66],{"class":65},[55,118867,10942],{"class":105},[55,118869,1273],{"class":91},[20,118871,48281,118872,118874],{},[15,118873,42134],{}," does not work on integers.",[1003,118876,118878],{"id":118877},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118880,118881],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[46,118883,118885],{"className":48,"code":118884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118886,118887,118907,118917,118921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118888,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118890,3395],{"class":61},[55,118892,66],{"class":65},[55,118894,3400],{"class":91},[55,118896,1835],{"class":1210},[55,118898,2764],{"class":91},[55,118900,5282],{"class":1210},[55,118902,2764],{"class":91},[55,118904,2767],{"class":1210},[55,118906,3413],{"class":91},[55,118908,118909,118911,118913,118915],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,118910,74287],{"class":105},[55,118912,109],{"class":91},[55,118914,3427],{"class":95},[55,118916,342],{"class":91},[55,118918,118919],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,118920,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,118922,118923,118925,118927,118929],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,118924,106],{"class":105},[55,118926,109],{"class":91},[55,118928,3427],{"class":95},[55,118930,342],{"class":91},[20,118932,357],{},[46,118934,118936],{"className":48,"code":118935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118937,118938],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118939,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118941,3680],{"class":91},[55,118943,1835],{"class":1210},[55,118945,2764],{"class":91},[55,118947,5282],{"class":1210},[55,118949,2764],{"class":91},[55,118951,2767],{"class":1210},[55,118953,3413],{"class":91},[20,118955,118956],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[131,118958,1001],{"id":1000},[30,118960,118961,118965,118968,118973,118977],{},[33,118962,4362,118963,73735],{},[15,118964,74197],{},[33,118966,118967],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,118969,4486,118970,118972],{},[15,118971,74197],{}," always returns a list",[33,118974,1185,118975,22880],{},[15,118976,118425],{},[33,118978,29421,118979,118981,118982],{},[15,118980,64084],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118983,74197],{},[20,118985,118986],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[46,118988,118990],{"className":48,"code":118989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118991,118992,119014,119040,119078],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118993,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118995,106],{"class":105},[55,118997,109],{"class":91},[55,118999,74287],{"class":105},[55,119001,2758],{"class":91},[55,119003,1835],{"class":1210},[55,119005,2764],{"class":91},[55,119007,5282],{"class":1210},[55,119009,2764],{"class":91},[55,119011,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119013,2774],{"class":91},[55,119015,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,119017,106],{"class":105},[55,119019,109],{"class":91},[55,119021,1266],{"class":1265},[55,119023,109],{"class":91},[55,119025,74287],{"class":105},[55,119027,5295],{"class":91},[55,119029,1835],{"class":1210},[55,119031,2764],{"class":91},[55,119033,5282],{"class":1210},[55,119035,2764],{"class":91},[55,119037,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119039,93135],{"class":91},[55,119041,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,119043,106],{"class":105},[55,119045,109],{"class":91},[55,119047,74287],{"class":105},[55,119049,2758],{"class":91},[55,119051,3077],{"class":69},[55,119053,83136],{"class":73},[55,119055,3077],{"class":69},[55,119057,2764],{"class":91},[55,119059,3072],{"class":69},[55,119061,3860],{"class":73},[55,119063,3077],{"class":69},[55,119065,17839],{"class":91},[55,119067,21357],{"class":8955},[55,119069,66],{"class":65},[55,119071,3220],{"class":1265},[55,119073,92],{"class":91},[55,119075,96],{"class":1047},[55,119077,1273],{"class":91},[55,119079,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,119081,106],{"class":105},[55,119083,109],{"class":91},[55,119085,74287],{"class":105},[55,119087,2758],{"class":91},[55,119089,1835],{"class":1210},[55,119091,2764],{"class":91},[55,119093,5282],{"class":1210},[55,119095,2764],{"class":91},[55,119097,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119099,17839],{"class":91},[55,119101,77843],{"class":8955},[55,119103,66],{"class":65},[55,119105,3380],{"class":3631},[55,119107,1273],{"class":91},[20,119109,119110,119111,92],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[166,119112,52542],{"href":50749},[131,119114,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,119116,1581,119118,56935],{"id":119117},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119119,74197],{},[20,119121,119122],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1003,119124,1603,119126,1606],{"id":119125},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119127,74197],{},[20,119129,119130],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1003,119132,119134,119135,1012,119137,1631],{"id":119133},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119136,74197],{},[15,119138,77640],{},[20,119140,1866,119141,119143],{},[15,119142,74197],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1003,119145,1603,119147,86223,119149,1631],{"id":119146},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119148,118425],{},[15,119150,74197],{},[20,119152,119153],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1003,119155,4941,119157,119159,119160,1631],{"id":119156},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119158,74197],{}," give a ",[15,119161,2780],{},[20,119163,119164],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[131,119166,1643],{"id":1642},[30,119168,119169,119173,119181,119185,119191,119197],{},[33,119170,119171],{},[166,119172,79646],{"href":78149},[33,119174,119175],{},[166,119176,1686,119177,1477,119179,5568],{"href":78898},[15,119178,74197],{},[15,119180,77640],{},[33,119182,119183],{},[166,119184,52542],{"href":50749},[33,119186,119187],{},[166,119188,1686,119189,1689],{"href":42131},[15,119190,42134],{},[33,119192,119193],{},[166,119194,1686,119195,1689],{"href":91791},[15,119196,35520],{},[33,119198,119199],{},[166,119200,1686,119201,1689],{"href":35965},[15,119202,35968],{},[1696,119204,119205],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":119207},[119208,119209,119211,119214,119215,119222,119224,119226,119228,119234,119235,119247],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":117488,"depth":80,"text":119210},"What sorted() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":119212},[119213],{"id":17172,"depth":102,"text":17173},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":117727,"depth":80,"text":117728,"children":119216},[119217,119218,119219,119220,119221],{"id":7877,"depth":102,"text":117736},{"id":48724,"depth":102,"text":117800},{"id":6073,"depth":102,"text":117897},{"id":191,"depth":102,"text":117961},{"id":15383,"depth":102,"text":28994},{"id":118166,"depth":80,"text":119223},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118422,"depth":80,"text":119225},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118694,"depth":80,"text":119227},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118750,"depth":80,"text":118751,"children":119229},[119230,119231,119233],{"id":118759,"depth":102,"text":118760},{"id":118814,"depth":102,"text":119232},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118877,"depth":102,"text":118878},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":119236},[119237,119239,119241,119243,119245],{"id":119117,"depth":102,"text":119238},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119125,"depth":102,"text":119240},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119133,"depth":102,"text":119242},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119146,"depth":102,"text":119244},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119156,"depth":102,"text":119246},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117390,"description":119248},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119255,"title":119256,"body":119257,"description":121368,"extension":1733,"meta":121369,"navigation":248,"path":78898,"seo":121370,"stem":121371,"__hash__":121372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119258,"toc":121315},[119259,119266,119269,119279,119285,119288,119306,119314,119316,119375,119383,119387,119409,119413,119417,119419,119436,119438,119450,119456,119540,119544,119591,119597,119604,119608,119613,119615,119627,119632,119685,119689,119709,119716,119723,119727,119730,119749,119753,119867,119871,119941,119943,119955,119960,119964,119977,119981,120056,120060,120099,120106,120112,120117,120121,120135,120139,120204,120208,120241,120244,120249,120257,120264,120277,120280,120284,120367,120371,120408,120412,120515,120519,120580,120585,120592,120596,120599,120605,120608,120675,120679,120703,120705,120723,120730,120783,120787,120807,120813,120815,120872,120879,120905,120910,120915,120923,120929,120989,120993,121040,121043,121045,121048,121074,121077,121170,121172,121192,121196,121199,121217,121223,121225,121233,121238,121245,121248,121254,121257,121263,121271,121279,121284,121286,121312],[10,119260,1686,119262,1477,119264,92849],{"id":119261},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119263,74197],{},[15,119265,77640],{},[20,119267,119268],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119270,119271,119275],{},[33,119272,119273],{},[15,119274,74197],{},[33,119276,119277],{},[15,119278,77640],{},[20,119280,119281,119282,119284],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[123,119283,902],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119286,119287],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119289,119290,119298],{},[33,119291,1866,119292,119294,119295],{},[15,119293,74197],{}," when you want a ",[123,119296,119297],{},"new sorted result",[33,119299,1866,119300,119302,119303],{},[15,119301,77640],{}," when you want to ",[123,119304,119305],{},"change the original list",[20,119307,119308,119309,2168,119311,119313],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119310,77640],{},[15,119312,3556],{}," and causes confusion.",[131,119315,3385],{"id":3384},[46,119317,119319],{"className":48,"code":119318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119320,119321,119341,119345,119362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119322,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119324,3395],{"class":61},[55,119326,66],{"class":65},[55,119328,3400],{"class":91},[55,119330,1835],{"class":1210},[55,119332,2764],{"class":91},[55,119334,5282],{"class":1210},[55,119336,2764],{"class":91},[55,119338,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119340,3413],{"class":91},[55,119342,119343],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,119344,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,119346,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,119348,55661],{"class":61},[55,119350,66],{"class":65},[55,119352,74331],{"class":105},[55,119354,109],{"class":91},[55,119356,3427],{"class":95},[55,119358,115],{"class":91},[55,119360,119361],{"class":118},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[55,119363,119364,119366,119368,119370,119372],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,119365,3427],{"class":61},[55,119367,92],{"class":91},[55,119369,34569],{"class":95},[55,119371,498],{"class":91},[55,119373,119374],{"class":118},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119376,1866,119377,119379,119380,119382],{},[15,119378,74197],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119381,77640],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[131,119384,119386],{"id":119385},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119388,119389,119394,119399,119406],{},[33,119390,1866,119391,119393],{},[15,119392,74197],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119395,1866,119396,119398],{},[15,119397,77640],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119400,119401,119402,2168,119404],{},"Understand why ",[15,119403,77640],{},[15,119405,3556],{},[33,119407,119408],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[131,119410,134,119411,137],{"id":117488},[15,119412,74197],{},[20,119414,119415,62698],{},[15,119416,74197],{},[20,119418,48698],{},[30,119420,119421,119427,119433],{},[33,119422,119423,119424],{},"returns a ",[123,119425,119426],{},"new list",[33,119428,119429,119430,119432],{},"does ",[123,119431,902],{}," change the original data",[33,119434,119435],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119437,50903],{},[30,119439,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448],{},[33,119441,5083],{},[33,119443,5086],{},[33,119445,5092],{},[33,119447,5089],{},[33,119449,35680],{},[1003,119451,34848,119453,119455],{"id":119452},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119454,74197],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[46,119457,119459],{"className":48,"code":119458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119460,119461,119481,119485,119499,119503,119521],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119462,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119464,3395],{"class":61},[55,119466,66],{"class":65},[55,119468,3400],{"class":91},[55,119470,1835],{"class":1210},[55,119472,2764],{"class":91},[55,119474,5282],{"class":1210},[55,119476,2764],{"class":91},[55,119478,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119480,3413],{"class":91},[55,119482,119483],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,119484,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,119486,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,119488,83],{"class":61},[55,119490,66],{"class":65},[55,119492,74331],{"class":105},[55,119494,109],{"class":91},[55,119496,3427],{"class":95},[55,119498,342],{"class":91},[55,119500,119501],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,119502,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,119504,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,119506,106],{"class":105},[55,119508,109],{"class":91},[55,119510,228],{"class":69},[55,119512,11934],{"class":73},[55,119514,228],{"class":69},[55,119516,2764],{"class":91},[55,119518,4045],{"class":95},[55,119520,342],{"class":91},[55,119522,119523,119525,119527,119529,119532,119534,119536,119538],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,119524,106],{"class":105},[55,119526,109],{"class":91},[55,119528,228],{"class":69},[55,119530,119531],{"class":73},"sorted result:",[55,119533,228],{"class":69},[55,119535,2764],{"class":91},[55,119537,80990],{"class":95},[55,119539,342],{"class":91},[20,119541,119542],{},[123,119543,357],{},[46,119545,119547],{"className":48,"code":119546,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119548,119549,119569],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119550,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119552,11913],{"class":61},[55,119554,539],{"class":91},[55,119556,3400],{"class":91},[55,119558,1835],{"class":1210},[55,119560,2764],{"class":91},[55,119562,5282],{"class":1210},[55,119564,2764],{"class":91},[55,119566,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119568,3413],{"class":91},[55,119570,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,119572,74287],{"class":105},[55,119574,80990],{"class":61},[55,119576,539],{"class":91},[55,119578,3400],{"class":91},[55,119580,2761],{"class":1210},[55,119582,2764],{"class":91},[55,119584,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119586,2764],{"class":91},[55,119588,2223],{"class":1210},[55,119590,3413],{"class":91},[20,119592,119593,119594,119596],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119595,3427],{}," stays the same.",[20,119598,119599,119600,92],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[166,119601,1686,119602,1689],{"href":74294},[15,119603,74197],{},[131,119605,134,119606,137],{"id":77706},[15,119607,77640],{},[20,119609,119610,119612],{},[15,119611,64084],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119614,48698],{},[30,119616,119617,119620,119623],{},[33,119618,119619],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119621,119622],{},"only works on lists",[33,119624,3469,119625],{},[15,119626,3556],{},[1003,119628,34848,119630,73735],{"id":119629},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119631,77640],{},[46,119633,119635],{"className":48,"code":119634,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119636,119637,119657,119661,119671,119675],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119638,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119640,3395],{"class":61},[55,119642,66],{"class":65},[55,119644,3400],{"class":91},[55,119646,1835],{"class":1210},[55,119648,2764],{"class":91},[55,119650,5282],{"class":1210},[55,119652,2764],{"class":91},[55,119654,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119656,3413],{"class":91},[55,119658,119659],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,119660,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,119662,119663,119665,119667,119669],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,119664,3427],{"class":61},[55,119666,92],{"class":91},[55,119668,34569],{"class":95},[55,119670,99],{"class":91},[55,119672,119673],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,119674,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,119676,119677,119679,119681,119683],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,119678,106],{"class":105},[55,119680,109],{"class":91},[55,119682,3427],{"class":95},[55,119684,342],{"class":91},[20,119686,119687],{},[123,119688,357],{},[46,119690,119691],{"className":48,"code":54921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,119692,119693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119694,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119696,3680],{"class":91},[55,119698,2761],{"class":1210},[55,119700,2764],{"class":91},[55,119702,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119704,2764],{"class":91},[55,119706,2223],{"class":1210},[55,119708,3413],{"class":91},[20,119710,119711,119712,119715],{},"After calling ",[15,119713,119714],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119717,119718,119719,92],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[166,119720,1686,119721,1573],{"href":74548},[15,119722,77640],{},[131,119724,119726],{"id":119725},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119728,119729],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119731,119732,119741],{},[33,119733,119734,119737,119738],{},[15,119735,119736],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[123,119739,119740],{},"new sorted list",[33,119742,119743,119746,119747,74105],{},[15,119744,119745],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119748,8121],{},[1003,119750,119752],{"id":119751},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[46,119754,119756],{"className":48,"code":119755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119757,119758,119778,119782,119796,119815,119834,119838,119848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119759,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119761,3395],{"class":61},[55,119763,66],{"class":65},[55,119765,3400],{"class":91},[55,119767,1911],{"class":1210},[55,119769,2764],{"class":91},[55,119771,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119773,2764],{"class":91},[55,119775,2229],{"class":1210},[55,119777,3413],{"class":91},[55,119779,119780],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,119781,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,119783,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,119785,2327],{"class":61},[55,119787,66],{"class":65},[55,119789,74331],{"class":105},[55,119791,109],{"class":91},[55,119793,3427],{"class":95},[55,119795,342],{"class":91},[55,119797,119798,119800,119802,119804,119807,119809,119811,119813],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,119799,106],{"class":105},[55,119801,109],{"class":91},[55,119803,228],{"class":69},[55,119805,119806],{"class":73},"numbers after sorted():",[55,119808,228],{"class":69},[55,119810,2764],{"class":91},[55,119812,4045],{"class":95},[55,119814,342],{"class":91},[55,119816,119817,119819,119821,119823,119826,119828,119830,119832],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,119818,106],{"class":105},[55,119820,109],{"class":91},[55,119822,228],{"class":69},[55,119824,119825],{"class":73},"a:",[55,119827,228],{"class":69},[55,119829,2764],{"class":91},[55,119831,56659],{"class":95},[55,119833,342],{"class":91},[55,119835,119836],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,119837,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,119839,119840,119842,119844,119846],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,119841,3427],{"class":61},[55,119843,92],{"class":91},[55,119845,34569],{"class":95},[55,119847,99],{"class":91},[55,119849,119850,119852,119854,119856,119859,119861,119863,119865],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,119851,106],{"class":105},[55,119853,109],{"class":91},[55,119855,228],{"class":69},[55,119857,119858],{"class":73},"numbers after sort():",[55,119860,228],{"class":69},[55,119862,2764],{"class":91},[55,119864,4045],{"class":95},[55,119866,342],{"class":91},[20,119868,119869],{},[123,119870,357],{},[46,119872,119874],{"className":48,"code":119873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119875,119876,119899,119919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119877,119878,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119879,119880],{"class":61},"numbers after ",[55,119882,74287],{"class":105},[55,119884,29355],{"class":91},[55,119886,3400],{"class":91},[55,119888,1911],{"class":1210},[55,119890,2764],{"class":91},[55,119892,2767],{"class":1210},[55,119894,2764],{"class":91},[55,119896,2229],{"class":1210},[55,119898,3413],{"class":91},[55,119900,119901,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,119902,166],{"class":61},[55,119904,539],{"class":91},[55,119906,3400],{"class":91},[55,119908,1829],{"class":1210},[55,119910,2764],{"class":91},[55,119912,2229],{"class":1210},[55,119914,2764],{"class":91},[55,119916,4388],{"class":1210},[55,119918,3413],{"class":91},[55,119920,119921,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,119922,119880],{"class":61},[55,119924,34569],{"class":95},[55,119926,29355],{"class":91},[55,119928,3400],{"class":91},[55,119930,1829],{"class":1210},[55,119932,2764],{"class":91},[55,119934,2229],{"class":1210},[55,119936,2764],{"class":91},[55,119938,4388],{"class":1210},[55,119940,3413],{"class":91},[20,119942,10494],{},[30,119944,119945,119950],{},[33,119946,119947,119949],{},[15,119948,74197],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,119951,119952,119954],{},[15,119953,64084],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[131,119956,4744,119958],{"id":119957},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119959,74197],{},[20,119961,1866,119962,10382],{},[15,119963,74197],{},[30,119965,119966,119969,119971,119974],{},[33,119967,119968],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,119970,118738],{},[33,119972,119973],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,119975,119976],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1003,119978,119980],{"id":119979},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[46,119982,119984],{"className":48,"code":119983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119985,119986,120010,120014,120028,120032,120042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119987,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119989,3395],{"class":61},[55,119991,66],{"class":65},[55,119993,9016],{"class":91},[55,119995,2277],{"class":1210},[55,119997,2764],{"class":91},[55,119999,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120001,2764],{"class":91},[55,120003,2223],{"class":1210},[55,120005,2764],{"class":91},[55,120007,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120009,342],{"class":91},[55,120011,120012],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120013,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120015,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120017,83],{"class":61},[55,120019,66],{"class":65},[55,120021,74331],{"class":105},[55,120023,109],{"class":91},[55,120025,3427],{"class":95},[55,120027,342],{"class":91},[55,120029,120030],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120031,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120033,120034,120036,120038,120040],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120035,106],{"class":105},[55,120037,109],{"class":91},[55,120039,112],{"class":95},[55,120041,342],{"class":91},[55,120043,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,120045,106],{"class":105},[55,120047,109],{"class":91},[55,120049,1266],{"class":1265},[55,120051,109],{"class":91},[55,120053,112],{"class":95},[55,120055,1273],{"class":91},[20,120057,120058],{},[123,120059,357],{},[46,120061,120063],{"className":48,"code":120062,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120064,120065,120085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120066,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120068,3680],{"class":91},[55,120070,2761],{"class":1210},[55,120072,2764],{"class":91},[55,120074,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120076,2764],{"class":91},[55,120078,2223],{"class":1210},[55,120080,2764],{"class":91},[55,120082,2229],{"class":1210},[55,120084,3413],{"class":91},[55,120086,120087,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120088,3066],{"class":65},[55,120090,3069],{"class":1838},[55,120092,3072],{"class":69},[55,120094,7877],{"class":73},[55,120096,3077],{"class":69},[55,120098,3080],{"class":65},[20,120100,2057,120101,120103,120104,92],{},[15,120102,74197],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[123,120105,7877],{},[20,120107,120108,120109,120111],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[166,120110,52542],{"href":50749}," is a helpful next step.",[131,120113,4744,120115],{"id":120114},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120116,77640],{},[20,120118,1866,120119,10382],{},[15,120120,77640],{},[30,120122,120123,120126,120129,120132],{},[33,120124,120125],{},"you already have a list",[33,120127,120128],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120130,120131],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120133,120134],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1003,120136,120138],{"id":120137},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[46,120140,120142],{"className":48,"code":120141,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120143,120144,120176,120180,120190,120194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120145,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120147,4778],{"class":61},[55,120149,66],{"class":65},[55,120151,3400],{"class":91},[55,120153,228],{"class":69},[55,120155,4805],{"class":73},[55,120157,228],{"class":69},[55,120159,2764],{"class":91},[55,120161,70],{"class":69},[55,120163,4787],{"class":73},[55,120165,228],{"class":69},[55,120167,2764],{"class":91},[55,120169,70],{"class":69},[55,120171,4796],{"class":73},[55,120173,228],{"class":69},[55,120175,3413],{"class":91},[55,120177,120178],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120179,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120181,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120183,4822],{"class":61},[55,120185,92],{"class":91},[55,120187,34569],{"class":95},[55,120189,99],{"class":91},[55,120191,120192],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120193,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120195,120196,120198,120200,120202],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120197,106],{"class":105},[55,120199,109],{"class":91},[55,120201,4822],{"class":95},[55,120203,342],{"class":91},[20,120205,120206],{},[123,120207,357],{},[46,120209,120211],{"className":48,"code":120210,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120212,120213],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120214,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120216,3680],{"class":91},[55,120218,3077],{"class":69},[55,120220,4787],{"class":73},[55,120222,3077],{"class":69},[55,120224,2764],{"class":91},[55,120226,3072],{"class":69},[55,120228,4796],{"class":73},[55,120230,3077],{"class":69},[55,120232,2764],{"class":91},[55,120234,3072],{"class":69},[55,120236,4805],{"class":73},[55,120238,3077],{"class":69},[55,120240,3413],{"class":91},[20,120242,120243],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120245,120246,120247,92],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[166,120248,79646],{"href":78149},[131,120250,120252,1377,120254,120256],{"id":120251},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120253,73350],{},[15,120255,14621],{}," work with both",[20,120258,10371,120259,1377,120261,120263],{},[15,120260,74197],{},[15,120262,77640],{}," support:",[30,120265,120266,120271],{},[33,120267,120268,120270],{},[15,120269,77864],{}," for descending order",[33,120272,120273,120276],{},[15,120274,120275],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120278,120279],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1003,120281,120283],{"id":120282},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[46,120285,120287],{"className":48,"code":120286,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120288,120289,120309,120313,120335,120339,120357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120290,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120292,3395],{"class":61},[55,120294,66],{"class":65},[55,120296,3400],{"class":91},[55,120298,1835],{"class":1210},[55,120300,2764],{"class":91},[55,120302,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120304,2764],{"class":91},[55,120306,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120308,3413],{"class":91},[55,120310,120311],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120312,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120314,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120316,106],{"class":105},[55,120318,109],{"class":91},[55,120320,74287],{"class":105},[55,120322,109],{"class":91},[55,120324,3427],{"class":95},[55,120326,2764],{"class":91},[55,120328,77843],{"class":8955},[55,120330,66],{"class":65},[55,120332,3380],{"class":3631},[55,120334,1273],{"class":91},[55,120336,120337],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120338,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120340,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120342,3427],{"class":61},[55,120344,92],{"class":91},[55,120346,34569],{"class":95},[55,120348,109],{"class":91},[55,120350,73350],{"class":8955},[55,120352,66],{"class":65},[55,120354,3380],{"class":3631},[55,120356,342],{"class":91},[55,120358,120359,120361,120363,120365],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,120360,106],{"class":105},[55,120362,109],{"class":91},[55,120364,3427],{"class":95},[55,120366,342],{"class":91},[20,120368,120369],{},[123,120370,357],{},[46,120372,120374],{"className":48,"code":120373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120375,120376,120392],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120377,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120379,3680],{"class":91},[55,120381,1835],{"class":1210},[55,120383,2764],{"class":91},[55,120385,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120387,2764],{"class":91},[55,120389,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120391,3413],{"class":91},[55,120393,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120395,3680],{"class":91},[55,120397,1835],{"class":1210},[55,120399,2764],{"class":91},[55,120401,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120403,2764],{"class":91},[55,120405,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120407,3413],{"class":91},[1003,120409,120411],{"id":120410},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[46,120413,120415],{"className":48,"code":120414,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120416,120417,120449,120453,120479,120483,120505],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120418,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120420,3851],{"class":61},[55,120422,66],{"class":65},[55,120424,3400],{"class":91},[55,120426,228],{"class":69},[55,120428,83136],{"class":73},[55,120430,228],{"class":69},[55,120432,2764],{"class":91},[55,120434,70],{"class":69},[55,120436,3860],{"class":73},[55,120438,228],{"class":69},[55,120440,2764],{"class":91},[55,120442,70],{"class":69},[55,120444,118603],{"class":73},[55,120446,228],{"class":69},[55,120448,3413],{"class":91},[55,120450,120451],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120452,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120454,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120456,106],{"class":105},[55,120458,109],{"class":91},[55,120460,74287],{"class":105},[55,120462,109],{"class":91},[55,120464,3895],{"class":95},[55,120466,2764],{"class":91},[55,120468,21357],{"class":8955},[55,120470,66],{"class":65},[55,120472,3220],{"class":1265},[55,120474,92],{"class":91},[55,120476,96],{"class":1047},[55,120478,1273],{"class":91},[55,120480,120481],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120482,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120484,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120486,3895],{"class":61},[55,120488,92],{"class":91},[55,120490,34569],{"class":95},[55,120492,109],{"class":91},[55,120494,14621],{"class":8955},[55,120496,66],{"class":65},[55,120498,3220],{"class":1265},[55,120500,92],{"class":91},[55,120502,96],{"class":1047},[55,120504,342],{"class":91},[55,120506,120507,120509,120511,120513],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,120508,106],{"class":105},[55,120510,109],{"class":91},[55,120512,3895],{"class":95},[55,120514,342],{"class":91},[20,120516,120517],{},[123,120518,357],{},[46,120520,120522],{"className":48,"code":120521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120523,120524,120552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120525,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120527,3680],{"class":91},[55,120529,3077],{"class":69},[55,120531,3860],{"class":73},[55,120533,3077],{"class":69},[55,120535,2764],{"class":91},[55,120537,3072],{"class":69},[55,120539,83136],{"class":73},[55,120541,3077],{"class":69},[55,120543,2764],{"class":91},[55,120545,3072],{"class":69},[55,120547,118603],{"class":73},[55,120549,3077],{"class":69},[55,120551,3413],{"class":91},[55,120553,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120555,3680],{"class":91},[55,120557,3077],{"class":69},[55,120559,3860],{"class":73},[55,120561,3077],{"class":69},[55,120563,2764],{"class":91},[55,120565,3072],{"class":69},[55,120567,83136],{"class":73},[55,120569,3077],{"class":69},[55,120571,2764],{"class":91},[55,120573,3072],{"class":69},[55,120575,118603],{"class":73},[55,120577,3077],{"class":69},[55,120579,3413],{"class":91},[20,120581,1185,120582,120584],{},[15,120583,78358],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120586,120587,120588,92],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[166,120589,120591],{"href":120590},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[131,120593,120595],{"id":120594},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120597,120598],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1003,120600,120602,120603,12378],{"id":120601},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120604,77640],{},[20,120606,120607],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[46,120609,120611],{"className":48,"code":120610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120612,120613,120633,120637,120651,120655,120665],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120614,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120616,3395],{"class":61},[55,120618,66],{"class":65},[55,120620,3400],{"class":91},[55,120622,1835],{"class":1210},[55,120624,2764],{"class":91},[55,120626,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120628,2764],{"class":91},[55,120630,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120632,3413],{"class":91},[55,120634,120635],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120636,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120638,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120640,83],{"class":61},[55,120642,66],{"class":65},[55,120644,4045],{"class":61},[55,120646,92],{"class":91},[55,120648,34569],{"class":95},[55,120650,99],{"class":91},[55,120652,120653],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120654,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120656,120657,120659,120661,120663],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120658,106],{"class":105},[55,120660,109],{"class":91},[55,120662,112],{"class":95},[55,120664,342],{"class":91},[55,120666,120667,120669,120671,120673],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,120668,106],{"class":105},[55,120670,109],{"class":91},[55,120672,3427],{"class":95},[55,120674,342],{"class":91},[20,120676,120677],{},[123,120678,357],{},[46,120680,120681],{"className":48,"code":78981,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,120682,120683,120687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120684,120685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120686,11588],{"class":3631},[55,120688,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120690,3680],{"class":91},[55,120692,2761],{"class":1210},[55,120694,2764],{"class":91},[55,120696,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120698,2764],{"class":91},[55,120700,2223],{"class":1210},[55,120702,3413],{"class":91},[20,120704,11680],{},[30,120706,120707,120712,120717],{},[33,120708,120709,120711],{},[15,120710,119714],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120713,34785,120714,120716],{},[123,120715,902],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120718,89757,120719,41928,120721],{},[15,120720,112],{},[15,120722,3556],{},[1003,120724,120726,120727,120729],{"id":120725},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120728,74197],{}," to change the original list",[46,120731,120733],{"className":48,"code":120732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120734,120735,120755,120759,120769,120773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120736,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120738,3395],{"class":61},[55,120740,66],{"class":65},[55,120742,3400],{"class":91},[55,120744,1835],{"class":1210},[55,120746,2764],{"class":91},[55,120748,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120750,2764],{"class":91},[55,120752,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120754,3413],{"class":91},[55,120756,120757],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120758,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120760,120761,120763,120765,120767],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120762,74287],{"class":105},[55,120764,109],{"class":91},[55,120766,3427],{"class":95},[55,120768,342],{"class":91},[55,120770,120771],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120772,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120774,120775,120777,120779,120781],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120776,106],{"class":105},[55,120778,109],{"class":91},[55,120780,3427],{"class":95},[55,120782,342],{"class":91},[20,120784,120785],{},[123,120786,357],{},[46,120788,120789],{"className":48,"code":118935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,120790,120791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120792,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120794,3680],{"class":91},[55,120796,1835],{"class":1210},[55,120798,2764],{"class":91},[55,120800,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120802,2764],{"class":91},[55,120804,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120806,3413],{"class":91},[20,120808,120809,120812],{},[15,120810,120811],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120814,10588],{},[46,120816,120818],{"className":48,"code":120817,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120819,120820,120840,120844,120858,120862],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120821,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120823,3395],{"class":61},[55,120825,66],{"class":65},[55,120827,3400],{"class":91},[55,120829,1835],{"class":1210},[55,120831,2764],{"class":91},[55,120833,5282],{"class":1210},[55,120835,2764],{"class":91},[55,120837,2767],{"class":1210},[55,120839,3413],{"class":91},[55,120841,120842],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120843,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120847,55413],{"class":61},[55,120849,66],{"class":65},[55,120851,74331],{"class":105},[55,120853,109],{"class":91},[55,120855,3427],{"class":95},[55,120857,342],{"class":91},[55,120859,120860],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120861,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120863,120864,120866,120868,120870],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120865,106],{"class":105},[55,120867,109],{"class":91},[55,120869,55432],{"class":95},[55,120871,342],{"class":91},[1003,120873,120875,120876,120878],{"id":120874},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120877,64084],{}," on a tuple or string",[46,120880,120881],{"className":48,"code":79083,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,120882,120883,120895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120884,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120886,62],{"class":61},[55,120888,66],{"class":65},[55,120890,70],{"class":69},[55,120892,50],{"class":73},[55,120894,77],{"class":69},[55,120896,120897,120899,120901,120903],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120898,352],{"class":61},[55,120900,92],{"class":91},[55,120902,34569],{"class":95},[55,120904,99],{"class":91},[20,120906,120907,120908,1232],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120909,64084],{},[20,120911,120912,120914],{},[15,120913,64084],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120916,120917,120918,120920,120921,92],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120919,74197],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[166,120922,4920],{"href":5371},[1003,120924,120926,120927,118972],{"id":120925},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120928,74197],{},[46,120930,120932],{"className":48,"code":120931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120933,120934,120947,120961,120965,120975],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120935,120936,120938,120940,120942,120945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120937,62],{"class":61},[55,120939,66],{"class":65},[55,120941,70],{"class":69},[55,120943,120944],{"class":73},"cab",[55,120946,77],{"class":69},[55,120948,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,120950,83],{"class":61},[55,120952,66],{"class":65},[55,120954,74331],{"class":105},[55,120956,109],{"class":91},[55,120958,352],{"class":95},[55,120960,342],{"class":91},[55,120962,120963],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,120964,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,120966,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,120968,106],{"class":105},[55,120970,109],{"class":91},[55,120972,112],{"class":95},[55,120974,342],{"class":91},[55,120976,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,120978,106],{"class":105},[55,120980,109],{"class":91},[55,120982,1266],{"class":1265},[55,120984,109],{"class":91},[55,120986,112],{"class":95},[55,120988,1273],{"class":91},[20,120990,120991],{},[123,120992,357],{},[46,120994,120996],{"className":48,"code":120995,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120997,120998,121026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120999,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121001,3680],{"class":91},[55,121003,3077],{"class":69},[55,121005,166],{"class":73},[55,121007,3077],{"class":69},[55,121009,2764],{"class":91},[55,121011,3072],{"class":69},[55,121013,4543],{"class":73},[55,121015,3077],{"class":69},[55,121017,2764],{"class":91},[55,121019,3072],{"class":69},[55,121021,9520],{"class":73},[55,121023,3077],{"class":69},[55,121025,3413],{"class":91},[55,121027,121028,121030,121032,121034,121036,121038],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121029,3066],{"class":65},[55,121031,3069],{"class":1838},[55,121033,3072],{"class":69},[55,121035,7877],{"class":73},[55,121037,3077],{"class":69},[55,121039,3080],{"class":65},[20,121041,121042],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[131,121044,113493],{"id":113492},[20,121046,121047],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,121049,121050,121053,121058,121063,121069],{},[33,121051,121052],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,121054,121055,121056,53415],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121057,64084],{},[33,121059,121060,121061,12378],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121062,77640],{},[33,121064,121065,121066,121068],{},"trying to use ",[15,121067,64084],{}," on non-list data types",[33,121070,50277,121071,121073],{},[15,121072,74197],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121075,121076],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,121078,121080],{"className":48,"code":121079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121081,121082,121092,121106,121131,121146,121156],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121083,121084,121086,121088,121090],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121085,106],{"class":105},[55,121087,109],{"class":91},[55,121089,8121],{"class":95},[55,121091,342],{"class":91},[55,121093,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102,121104],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121095,106],{"class":105},[55,121097,109],{"class":91},[55,121099,74287],{"class":105},[55,121101,109],{"class":91},[55,121103,8121],{"class":95},[55,121105,1273],{"class":91},[55,121107,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120,121123,121125,121127,121129],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,121109,83],{"class":61},[55,121111,66],{"class":65},[55,121113,8178],{"class":61},[55,121115,92],{"class":91},[55,121117,34569],{"class":95},[55,121119,498],{"class":91},[55,121121,121122],{"class":61},"; ",[55,121124,106],{"class":105},[55,121126,109],{"class":91},[55,121128,112],{"class":95},[55,121130,342],{"class":91},[55,121132,121133,121135,121137,121139,121141,121144],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,121134,106],{"class":105},[55,121136,109],{"class":91},[55,121138,1266],{"class":1265},[55,121140,109],{"class":91},[55,121142,121143],{"class":95},"my_data",[55,121145,1273],{"class":91},[55,121147,121148,121150,121152,121154],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,121149,31925],{"class":105},[55,121151,109],{"class":91},[55,121153,74287],{"class":105},[55,121155,342],{"class":91},[55,121157,121158,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,121159,31925],{"class":105},[55,121161,109],{"class":91},[55,121163,7877],{"class":1265},[55,121165,92],{"class":91},[55,121167,34569],{"class":1047},[55,121169,342],{"class":91},[20,121171,84145],{},[30,121173,121174,121177,121181,121189],{},[33,121175,121176],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121178,25792,121179,11485],{},[15,121180,74197],{},[33,121182,121183,121184,121186,121187],{},"whether ",[15,121185,64084],{}," returned ",[15,121188,3556],{},[33,121190,121191],{},"what type of object you are working with",[131,121193,121195],{"id":121194},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121197,121198],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121200,121201,121209],{},[33,121202,121203,121204,121206,121207],{},"Need a ",[123,121205,119297],{},": use ",[15,121208,74197],{},[33,121210,121211,121212,121206,121215],{},"Need to ",[123,121213,121214],{},"change one list directly",[15,121216,77640],{},[20,121218,121219,121220,121222],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121221,74197],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[131,121224,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,121226,121228,121229,2651,121231,1631],{"id":121227},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121230,74197],{},[15,121232,77640],{},[20,121234,121235,121237],{},[15,121236,74197],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1003,121239,4941,121241,4944,121243,1631],{"id":121240},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121242,77640],{},[15,121244,3556],{},[20,121246,121247],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1003,121249,4953,121251,121253],{"id":121250},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121252,74197],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121255,121256],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1003,121258,1613,121260,121262],{"id":121259},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121261,64084],{}," on a string?",[20,121264,46135,121265,121267,121268,39702],{},[15,121266,64084],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121269,121270],{},"sorted(string)",[1003,121272,11599,121274,1377,121276,121278],{"id":121273},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121275,74197],{},[15,121277,64084],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121280,121281,121282,92],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121283,77864],{},[131,121285,1643],{"id":1642},[30,121287,121288,121294,121300,121304,121308],{},[33,121289,121290],{},[166,121291,1686,121292,1689],{"href":74294},[15,121293,74197],{},[33,121295,121296],{},[166,121297,1686,121298,1573],{"href":74548},[15,121299,77640],{},[33,121301,121302],{},[166,121303,79646],{"href":78149},[33,121305,121306],{},[166,121307,120591],{"href":120590},[33,121309,121310],{},[166,121311,52542],{"href":50749},[1696,121313,121314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":121316},[121317,121318,121319,121323,121327,121330,121334,121338,121343,121353,121354,121355,121367],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":119385,"depth":80,"text":119386},{"id":117488,"depth":80,"text":119210,"children":121320},[121321],{"id":119452,"depth":102,"text":121322},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77706,"depth":80,"text":79668,"children":121324},[121325],{"id":119629,"depth":102,"text":121326},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119725,"depth":80,"text":119726,"children":121328},[121329],{"id":119751,"depth":102,"text":119752},{"id":119957,"depth":80,"text":121331,"children":121332},"When to use sorted()",[121333],{"id":119979,"depth":102,"text":119980},{"id":120114,"depth":80,"text":121335,"children":121336},"When to use list.sort()",[121337],{"id":120137,"depth":102,"text":120138},{"id":120251,"depth":80,"text":121339,"children":121340},"reverse and key work with both",[121341,121342],{"id":120282,"depth":102,"text":120283},{"id":120410,"depth":102,"text":120411},{"id":120594,"depth":80,"text":120595,"children":121344},[121345,121347,121349,121351],{"id":120601,"depth":102,"text":121346},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120725,"depth":102,"text":121348},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120874,"depth":102,"text":121350},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120925,"depth":102,"text":121352},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113492,"depth":80,"text":113493},{"id":121194,"depth":80,"text":121195},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":121356},[121357,121359,121361,121363,121365],{"id":121227,"depth":102,"text":121358},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121240,"depth":102,"text":121360},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121250,"depth":102,"text":121362},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121259,"depth":102,"text":121364},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121273,"depth":102,"text":121366},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119256,"description":121368},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121374,"title":41949,"body":121375,"description":123106,"extension":1733,"meta":123107,"navigation":248,"path":123108,"seo":123109,"stem":123110,"__hash__":123111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121376,"toc":123063},[121377,121382,121387,121393,121395,121450,121454,121477,121482,121487,121492,121494,121525,121528,121542,121544,121546,121561,121566,121570,121573,121624,121628,121642,121649,121653,121657,121712,121716,121739,121743,121799,121803,121826,121830,121885,121889,121912,121916,121983,121987,122022,122028,122033,122038,122040,122054,122056,122130,122134,122154,122159,122166,122169,122181,122183,122252,122256,122293,122296,122321,122328,122337,122340,122352,122358,122363,122365,122371,122376,122455,122459,122500,122504,122506,122533,122536,122559,122562,122568,122571,122608,122620,122627,122629,122680,122683,122715,122718,122720,122727,122729,122744,122746,122803,122807,122831,122833,122838,122854,122861,122865,122868,122951,122961,122963,122968,122971,122977,122980,122986,122989,122995,122998,123005,123013,123015,123060],[10,121378,1686,121380,3355],{"id":121379},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121381,47454],{},[20,121383,32090,121384,121386],{},[15,121385,47454],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121388,121389,121390,121392],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121391,47454],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[131,121394,1775],{"id":1774},[46,121396,121398],{"className":48,"code":121397,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121399,121400,121408,121422,121426,121436],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121401,121402,121404,121406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121403,21405],{"class":61},[55,121405,66],{"class":65},[55,121407,44995],{"class":1210},[55,121409,121410,121412,121414,121416,121418,121420],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121411,62],{"class":61},[55,121413,66],{"class":65},[55,121415,48675],{"class":1265},[55,121417,109],{"class":91},[55,121419,9079],{"class":95},[55,121421,342],{"class":91},[55,121423,121424],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,121425,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,121427,121428,121430,121432,121434],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,121429,106],{"class":105},[55,121431,109],{"class":91},[55,121433,352],{"class":95},[55,121435,342],{"class":91},[55,121437,121438,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,121439,106],{"class":105},[55,121441,109],{"class":91},[55,121443,1266],{"class":1265},[55,121445,109],{"class":91},[55,121447,352],{"class":95},[55,121449,1273],{"class":91},[20,121451,121452],{},[123,121453,357],{},[46,121455,121457],{"className":48,"code":121456,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121458,121459,121463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121460,121461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121462,2482],{"class":1210},[55,121464,121465,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121466,3066],{"class":65},[55,121468,3069],{"class":1838},[55,121470,3072],{"class":69},[55,121472,3220],{"class":73},[55,121474,3077],{"class":69},[55,121476,3080],{"class":65},[20,121478,1866,121479,121481],{},[15,121480,47454],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[131,121483,134,121485,137],{"id":121484},"what-str-does",[15,121486,47454],{},[20,121488,121489,121491],{},[15,121490,47454],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121493,1881],{},[30,121495,121496,121503,121510,121517],{},[33,121497,121498,121499,41928,121501],{},"An integer like ",[15,121500,2101],{},[15,121502,41899],{},[33,121504,121505,121506,41928,121508],{},"A float like ",[15,121507,39916],{},[15,121509,47865],{},[33,121511,121512,121513,41928,121515],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121514,3380],{},[15,121516,6427],{},[33,121518,121519,121520,41928,121522],{},"A list like ",[15,121521,75019],{},[15,121523,121524],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121526,121527],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121529,121530,121533,121536,121539],{},[33,121531,121532],{},"print it",[33,121534,121535],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121537,121538],{},"save it to a file",[33,121540,121541],{},"use it in messages",[131,121543,178],{"id":177},[20,121545,7003],{},[46,121547,121549],{"className":48,"code":121548,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"str(object)\n",[15,121550,121551],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121552,121553,121555,121557,121559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121554,3220],{"class":1265},[55,121556,109],{"class":91},[55,121558,42172],{"class":1265},[55,121560,342],{"class":91},[20,121562,20549,121563,121565],{},[15,121564,42172],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121567,121568,8008],{},[15,121569,47454],{},[20,121571,121572],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[46,121574,121576],{"className":48,"code":121575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121577,121578,121587,121610,121614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121579,121580,121582,121584],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121581,4879],{"class":61},[55,121583,66],{"class":65},[55,121585,121586],{"class":1210}," 100\n",[55,121588,121589,121591,121593,121595,121598,121600,121602,121604,121606,121608],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121590,758],{"class":61},[55,121592,66],{"class":65},[55,121594,70],{"class":69},[55,121596,121597],{"class":73},"Your score is ",[55,121599,228],{"class":69},[55,121601,2226],{"class":65},[55,121603,48675],{"class":1265},[55,121605,109],{"class":91},[55,121607,85292],{"class":95},[55,121609,342],{"class":91},[55,121611,121612],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,121613,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,121615,121616,121618,121620,121622],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,121617,106],{"class":105},[55,121619,109],{"class":91},[55,121621,89793],{"class":95},[55,121623,342],{"class":91},[20,121625,121626],{},[123,121627,357],{},[46,121629,121631],{"className":48,"code":121630,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121632,121633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121634,121635,121638,121640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121636,121637],{"class":61},"Your score ",[55,121639,11974],{"class":65},[55,121641,121586],{"class":1210},[20,121643,2067,121644,121648],{},[166,121645,121646,538],{"href":2070},[15,121647,2073],{}," can help you check.",[131,121650,121652],{"id":121651},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1003,121654,121656],{"id":121655},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[46,121658,121660],{"className":48,"code":121659,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121661,121662,121670,121684,121688,121698],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121663,121664,121666,121668],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121665,1205],{"class":61},[55,121667,66],{"class":65},[55,121669,2360],{"class":1210},[55,121671,121672,121674,121676,121678,121680,121682],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121673,62],{"class":61},[55,121675,66],{"class":65},[55,121677,48675],{"class":1265},[55,121679,109],{"class":91},[55,121681,1220],{"class":95},[55,121683,342],{"class":91},[55,121685,121686],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,121687,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,121689,121690,121692,121694,121696],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,121691,106],{"class":105},[55,121693,109],{"class":91},[55,121695,352],{"class":95},[55,121697,342],{"class":91},[55,121699,121700,121702,121704,121706,121708,121710],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,121701,106],{"class":105},[55,121703,109],{"class":91},[55,121705,1266],{"class":1265},[55,121707,109],{"class":91},[55,121709,352],{"class":95},[55,121711,1273],{"class":91},[20,121713,121714],{},[123,121715,357],{},[46,121717,121719],{"className":48,"code":121718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121720,121721,121725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121722,121723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121724,2147],{"class":1210},[55,121726,121727,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121728,3066],{"class":65},[55,121730,3069],{"class":1838},[55,121732,3072],{"class":69},[55,121734,3220],{"class":73},[55,121736,3077],{"class":69},[55,121738,3080],{"class":65},[1003,121740,121742],{"id":121741},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[46,121744,121746],{"className":48,"code":121745,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121747,121748,121757,121771,121775,121785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121749,121750,121752,121754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121751,40160],{"class":61},[55,121753,66],{"class":65},[55,121755,121756],{"class":1210}," 3.14\n",[55,121758,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121760,62],{"class":61},[55,121762,66],{"class":65},[55,121764,48675],{"class":1265},[55,121766,109],{"class":91},[55,121768,24924],{"class":95},[55,121770,342],{"class":91},[55,121772,121773],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,121774,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,121776,121777,121779,121781,121783],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,121778,106],{"class":105},[55,121780,109],{"class":91},[55,121782,352],{"class":95},[55,121784,342],{"class":91},[55,121786,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,121788,106],{"class":105},[55,121790,109],{"class":91},[55,121792,1266],{"class":1265},[55,121794,109],{"class":91},[55,121796,352],{"class":95},[55,121798,1273],{"class":91},[20,121800,121801],{},[123,121802,357],{},[46,121804,121806],{"className":48,"code":121805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121807,121808,121812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121809,121810],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121811,39950],{"class":1210},[55,121813,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121815,3066],{"class":65},[55,121817,3069],{"class":1838},[55,121819,3072],{"class":69},[55,121821,3220],{"class":73},[55,121823,3077],{"class":69},[55,121825,3080],{"class":65},[1003,121827,121829],{"id":121828},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[46,121831,121833],{"className":48,"code":121832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121834,121835,121843,121857,121861,121871],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121836,121837,121839,121841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121838,2218],{"class":61},[55,121840,66],{"class":65},[55,121842,6208],{"class":3631},[55,121844,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121846,62],{"class":61},[55,121848,66],{"class":65},[55,121850,48675],{"class":1265},[55,121852,109],{"class":91},[55,121854,2245],{"class":95},[55,121856,342],{"class":91},[55,121858,121859],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,121860,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,121862,121863,121865,121867,121869],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,121864,106],{"class":105},[55,121866,109],{"class":91},[55,121868,352],{"class":95},[55,121870,342],{"class":91},[55,121872,121873,121875,121877,121879,121881,121883],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,121874,106],{"class":105},[55,121876,109],{"class":91},[55,121878,1266],{"class":1265},[55,121880,109],{"class":91},[55,121882,352],{"class":95},[55,121884,1273],{"class":91},[20,121886,121887],{},[123,121888,357],{},[46,121890,121892],{"className":48,"code":121891,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121893,121894,121898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121895,121896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121897,3760],{"class":3631},[55,121899,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121901,3066],{"class":65},[55,121903,3069],{"class":1838},[55,121905,3072],{"class":69},[55,121907,3220],{"class":73},[55,121909,3077],{"class":69},[55,121911,3080],{"class":65},[1003,121913,121915],{"id":121914},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[46,121917,121919],{"className":48,"code":121918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121920,121921,121941,121955,121959,121969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121922,121923,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121924,7563],{"class":61},[55,121926,66],{"class":65},[55,121928,3400],{"class":91},[55,121930,2761],{"class":1210},[55,121932,2764],{"class":91},[55,121934,2767],{"class":1210},[55,121936,2764],{"class":91},[55,121938,2223],{"class":1210},[55,121940,3413],{"class":91},[55,121942,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,121944,62],{"class":61},[55,121946,66],{"class":65},[55,121948,48675],{"class":1265},[55,121950,109],{"class":91},[55,121952,7594],{"class":95},[55,121954,342],{"class":91},[55,121956,121957],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,121958,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,121960,121961,121963,121965,121967],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,121962,106],{"class":105},[55,121964,109],{"class":91},[55,121966,352],{"class":95},[55,121968,342],{"class":91},[55,121970,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,121972,106],{"class":105},[55,121974,109],{"class":91},[55,121976,1266],{"class":1265},[55,121978,109],{"class":91},[55,121980,352],{"class":95},[55,121982,1273],{"class":91},[20,121984,121985],{},[123,121986,357],{},[46,121988,121990],{"className":48,"code":121989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121991,121992,122008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121993,121994,121996,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121995,3680],{"class":91},[55,121997,2761],{"class":1210},[55,121999,2764],{"class":91},[55,122001,2767],{"class":1210},[55,122003,2764],{"class":91},[55,122005,2223],{"class":1210},[55,122007,3413],{"class":91},[55,122009,122010,122012,122014,122016,122018,122020],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122011,3066],{"class":65},[55,122013,3069],{"class":1838},[55,122015,3072],{"class":69},[55,122017,3220],{"class":73},[55,122019,3077],{"class":69},[55,122021,3080],{"class":65},[20,122023,122024,122025,122027],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[123,122026,902],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[131,122029,4744,122031],{"id":122030},"when-to-use-str",[15,122032,47454],{},[20,122034,1866,122035,122037],{},[15,122036,47454],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122039,36196],{},[30,122041,122042,122045,122048,122051],{},[33,122043,122044],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,122046,122047],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,122049,122050],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,122052,122053],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122055,214],{},[46,122057,122059],{"className":48,"code":122058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122060,122061,122073,122081,122085,122120],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122062,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122064,254],{"class":61},[55,122066,66],{"class":65},[55,122068,70],{"class":69},[55,122070,11288],{"class":73},[55,122072,77],{"class":69},[55,122074,122075,122077,122079],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122076,21405],{"class":61},[55,122078,66],{"class":65},[55,122080,44995],{"class":1210},[55,122082,122083],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122084,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,122086,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113,122115,122118],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,122088,758],{"class":61},[55,122090,66],{"class":65},[55,122092,35739],{"class":61},[55,122094,1832],{"class":65},[55,122096,70],{"class":69},[55,122098,4566],{"class":73},[55,122100,228],{"class":69},[55,122102,2226],{"class":65},[55,122104,48675],{"class":1265},[55,122106,109],{"class":91},[55,122108,9079],{"class":95},[55,122110,115],{"class":91},[55,122112,2226],{"class":65},[55,122114,70],{"class":69},[55,122116,122117],{"class":73}," years old.",[55,122119,77],{"class":69},[55,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,122123,106],{"class":105},[55,122125,109],{"class":91},[55,122127,89793],{"class":95},[55,122129,342],{"class":91},[20,122131,122132],{},[123,122133,357],{},[46,122135,122137],{"className":48,"code":122136,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122138,122139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122140,122141,122144,122146,122148,122151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122142,122143],{"class":61},"Maya ",[55,122145,11974],{"class":65},[55,122147,9086],{"class":1210},[55,122149,122150],{"class":61}," years old",[55,122152,122153],{"class":91},".\n",[20,122155,122156,122157,92],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[166,122158,89463],{"href":1680},[131,122160,122162,1477,122164],{"id":122161},"str-vs-print",[15,122163,47454],{},[15,122165,46222],{},[20,122167,122168],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122170,122171,122176],{},[33,122172,122173,122175],{},[15,122174,47454],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122177,122178,122180],{},[15,122179,46222],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122182,214],{},[46,122184,122186],{"className":48,"code":122185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122187,122188,122196,122200,122214,122224,122238],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122189,122190,122192,122194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122191,2218],{"class":61},[55,122193,66],{"class":65},[55,122195,2542],{"class":1210},[55,122197,122198],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122199,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,122201,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122203,62],{"class":61},[55,122205,66],{"class":65},[55,122207,48675],{"class":1265},[55,122209,109],{"class":91},[55,122211,2245],{"class":95},[55,122213,342],{"class":91},[55,122215,122216,122218,122220,122222],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,122217,106],{"class":105},[55,122219,109],{"class":91},[55,122221,352],{"class":95},[55,122223,342],{"class":91},[55,122225,122226,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,122227,106],{"class":105},[55,122229,109],{"class":91},[55,122231,1266],{"class":1265},[55,122233,109],{"class":91},[55,122235,352],{"class":95},[55,122237,1273],{"class":91},[55,122239,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,122241,106],{"class":105},[55,122243,109],{"class":91},[55,122245,1266],{"class":1265},[55,122247,109],{"class":91},[55,122249,2245],{"class":95},[55,122251,1273],{"class":91},[20,122253,122254],{},[123,122255,357],{},[46,122257,122259],{"className":48,"code":122258,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122260,122261,122265,122279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122262,122263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122264,46382],{"class":1210},[55,122266,122267,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122268,3066],{"class":65},[55,122270,3069],{"class":1838},[55,122272,3072],{"class":69},[55,122274,3220],{"class":73},[55,122276,3077],{"class":69},[55,122278,3080],{"class":65},[55,122280,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122282,3066],{"class":65},[55,122284,3069],{"class":1838},[55,122286,3072],{"class":69},[55,122288,1962],{"class":73},[55,122290,3077],{"class":69},[55,122292,3080],{"class":65},[20,122294,122295],{},"Notice:",[30,122297,122298,122304,122309],{},[33,122299,122300,122303],{},[15,122301,122302],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122305,122306,122308],{},[15,122307,46222],{}," only displayed values",[33,122310,122311,122313,122314,122316,122317,61073,122319],{},[15,122312,46222],{}," did not change ",[15,122315,2245],{}," from ",[15,122318,1962],{},[15,122320,3220],{},[20,122322,122323,122324,92],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[166,122325,122326,538],{"href":46219},[15,122327,46222],{},[131,122329,122331,1477,122333,122336],{"id":122330},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122332,47454],{},[15,122334,122335],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122338,122339],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122341,122342,122347],{},[33,122343,122344,122346],{},[15,122345,47454],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122348,122349,122351],{},[15,122350,122335],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122353,122354,122355,122357],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122356,47454],{}," much more often.",[20,122359,122360,122361,1471],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122362,47454],{},[131,122364,4301],{"id":4300},[1003,122366,25547,122368,122370],{"id":122367},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122369,47454],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122372,122373,122375],{},[15,122374,47454],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[46,122377,122379],{"className":48,"code":122378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122380,122381,122389,122403,122407,122417,122431,122441],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122382,122383,122385,122387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122384,21405],{"class":61},[55,122386,66],{"class":65},[55,122388,44995],{"class":1210},[55,122390,122391,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122392,62],{"class":61},[55,122394,66],{"class":65},[55,122396,48675],{"class":1265},[55,122398,109],{"class":91},[55,122400,9079],{"class":95},[55,122402,342],{"class":91},[55,122404,122405],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122406,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,122408,122409,122411,122413,122415],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,122410,106],{"class":105},[55,122412,109],{"class":91},[55,122414,9079],{"class":95},[55,122416,342],{"class":91},[55,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,122420,106],{"class":105},[55,122422,109],{"class":91},[55,122424,1266],{"class":1265},[55,122426,109],{"class":91},[55,122428,9079],{"class":95},[55,122430,1273],{"class":91},[55,122432,122433,122435,122437,122439],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,122434,106],{"class":105},[55,122436,109],{"class":91},[55,122438,352],{"class":95},[55,122440,342],{"class":91},[55,122442,122443,122445,122447,122449,122451,122453],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,122444,106],{"class":105},[55,122446,109],{"class":91},[55,122448,1266],{"class":1265},[55,122450,109],{"class":91},[55,122452,352],{"class":95},[55,122454,1273],{"class":91},[20,122456,122457],{},[123,122458,357],{},[46,122460,122462],{"className":48,"code":122461,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122463,122464,122468,122482,122486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122465,122466],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122467,2482],{"class":1210},[55,122469,122470,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122471,3066],{"class":65},[55,122473,3069],{"class":1838},[55,122475,3072],{"class":69},[55,122477,1962],{"class":73},[55,122479,3077],{"class":69},[55,122481,3080],{"class":65},[55,122483,122484],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122485,2482],{"class":1210},[55,122487,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,122489,3066],{"class":65},[55,122491,3069],{"class":1838},[55,122493,3072],{"class":69},[55,122495,3220],{"class":73},[55,122497,3077],{"class":69},[55,122499,3080],{"class":65},[1003,122501,122503],{"id":122502},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122505,6474],{},[46,122507,122509],{"className":48,"code":122508,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122510,122511,122519],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122512,122513,122515,122517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122514,21405],{"class":61},[55,122516,66],{"class":65},[55,122518,44995],{"class":1210},[55,122520,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122522,62],{"class":61},[55,122524,66],{"class":65},[55,122526,48675],{"class":1265},[55,122528,109],{"class":91},[55,122530,9079],{"class":95},[55,122532,342],{"class":91},[20,122534,122535],{},"But if you only do this:",[46,122537,122539],{"className":48,"code":122538,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122540,122541,122549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122542,122543,122545,122547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122544,21405],{"class":61},[55,122546,66],{"class":65},[55,122548,44995],{"class":1210},[55,122550,122551,122553,122555,122557],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122552,3220],{"class":1265},[55,122554,109],{"class":91},[55,122556,9079],{"class":95},[55,122558,342],{"class":91},[20,122560,122561],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1003,122563,1185,122565,122567],{"id":122564},"using-str-too-early",[15,122566,47454],{}," too early",[20,122569,122570],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[46,122572,122574],{"className":48,"code":122573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122575,122576,122584,122599,122603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122577,122578,122580,122582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122579,40160],{"class":61},[55,122581,66],{"class":65},[55,122583,2360],{"class":1210},[55,122585,122586,122589,122591,122593,122595,122597],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122587,122588],{"class":61},"text_price ",[55,122590,66],{"class":65},[55,122592,48675],{"class":1265},[55,122594,109],{"class":91},[55,122596,24924],{"class":95},[55,122598,342],{"class":91},[55,122600,122601],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122602,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,122604,122605],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,122606,122607],{"class":118},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122609,122610,122611,2651,122615,122619],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[166,122612,122613],{"href":2647},[15,122614,2650],{},[166,122616,122617],{"href":2654},[15,122618,2657],{},", depending on the situation.",[1003,122621,8235,122623,122626],{"id":122622},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122624,122625],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122628,64416],{},[46,122630,122632],{"className":48,"code":122631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122633,122634,122666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122635,122636,122638,122640,122642,122644,122646,122648,122650,122652,122654,122656,122658,122660,122662,122664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122637,7563],{"class":61},[55,122639,66],{"class":65},[55,122641,3400],{"class":91},[55,122643,228],{"class":69},[55,122645,3860],{"class":73},[55,122647,228],{"class":69},[55,122649,2764],{"class":91},[55,122651,70],{"class":69},[55,122653,3869],{"class":73},[55,122655,228],{"class":69},[55,122657,2764],{"class":91},[55,122659,70],{"class":69},[55,122661,32994],{"class":73},[55,122663,228],{"class":69},[55,122665,3413],{"class":91},[55,122667,122668,122670,122672,122674,122676,122678],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122669,106],{"class":105},[55,122671,109],{"class":91},[55,122673,3220],{"class":1265},[55,122675,109],{"class":91},[55,122677,7594],{"class":95},[55,122679,1273],{"class":91},[20,122681,122682],{},"prints:",[46,122684,122685],{"className":48,"code":72609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,122686,122687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122688,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707,122709,122711,122713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122690,3680],{"class":91},[55,122692,3077],{"class":69},[55,122694,3860],{"class":73},[55,122696,3077],{"class":69},[55,122698,2764],{"class":91},[55,122700,3072],{"class":69},[55,122702,3869],{"class":73},[55,122704,3077],{"class":69},[55,122706,2764],{"class":91},[55,122708,3072],{"class":69},[55,122710,32994],{"class":73},[55,122712,3077],{"class":69},[55,122714,3413],{"class":91},[20,122716,122717],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[131,122719,446],{"id":445},[20,122721,122722,451,122724,92],{},[15,122723,47454],{},[123,122725,122726],{},"new string",[20,122728,11239],{},[30,122730,122731,122734,122737],{},[33,122732,122733],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122735,122736],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122738,7546,122739,122743],{},[166,122740,122741],{"href":2070},[15,122742,2073],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122745,214],{},[46,122747,122749],{"className":48,"code":122748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122750,122751,122759,122774,122778,122789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122752,122753,122755,122757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122754,2218],{"class":61},[55,122756,66],{"class":65},[55,122758,13910],{"class":1210},[55,122760,122761,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122762,122763],{"class":61},"converted ",[55,122765,66],{"class":65},[55,122767,48675],{"class":1265},[55,122769,109],{"class":91},[55,122771,2245],{"class":95},[55,122773,342],{"class":91},[55,122775,122776],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122777,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,122779,122780,122782,122784,122787],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,122781,106],{"class":105},[55,122783,109],{"class":91},[55,122785,122786],{"class":95},"converted",[55,122788,342],{"class":91},[55,122790,122791,122793,122795,122797,122799,122801],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,122792,106],{"class":105},[55,122794,109],{"class":91},[55,122796,1266],{"class":1265},[55,122798,109],{"class":91},[55,122800,122786],{"class":95},[55,122802,1273],{"class":91},[20,122804,122805],{},[123,122806,357],{},[46,122808,122810],{"className":48,"code":122809,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122811,122812,122817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122813,122814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122815,122816],{"class":1210},"99\n",[55,122818,122819,122821,122823,122825,122827,122829],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122820,3066],{"class":65},[55,122822,3069],{"class":1838},[55,122824,3072],{"class":69},[55,122826,3220],{"class":73},[55,122828,3077],{"class":69},[55,122830,3080],{"class":65},[131,122832,113493],{"id":113492},[20,122834,122835,122836,74588],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122837,47454],{},[30,122839,122840,122843,122846,122851],{},[33,122841,122842],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,122844,122845],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,122847,1185,122848,122850],{},[15,122849,47454],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,122852,122853],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122855,122856,122857,92],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[166,122858,25454,122859],{"href":90174},[15,122860,90175],{},[131,122862,122864],{"id":122863},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122866,122867],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[46,122869,122871],{"className":48,"code":122870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122872,122873,122881,122885,122895,122909,122913,122927,122937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122874,122875,122877,122879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122876,2218],{"class":61},[55,122878,66],{"class":65},[55,122880,44995],{"class":1210},[55,122882,122883],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,122884,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,122886,122887,122889,122891,122893],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,122888,106],{"class":105},[55,122890,109],{"class":91},[55,122892,2245],{"class":95},[55,122894,342],{"class":91},[55,122896,122897,122899,122901,122903,122905,122907],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,122898,106],{"class":105},[55,122900,109],{"class":91},[55,122902,1266],{"class":1265},[55,122904,109],{"class":91},[55,122906,2245],{"class":95},[55,122908,1273],{"class":91},[55,122910,122911],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,122912,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,122914,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923,122925],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,122916,122763],{"class":61},[55,122918,66],{"class":65},[55,122920,48675],{"class":1265},[55,122922,109],{"class":91},[55,122924,2245],{"class":95},[55,122926,342],{"class":91},[55,122928,122929,122931,122933,122935],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,122930,106],{"class":105},[55,122932,109],{"class":91},[55,122934,122786],{"class":95},[55,122936,342],{"class":91},[55,122938,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122949],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,122940,106],{"class":105},[55,122942,109],{"class":91},[55,122944,1266],{"class":1265},[55,122946,109],{"class":91},[55,122948,122786],{"class":95},[55,122950,1273],{"class":91},[20,122952,122953,122954,1963,122956,122958,122959,92],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122955,1962],{},[15,122957,1966],{},", or another type into ",[15,122960,3220],{},[131,122962,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,122964,1603,122966,4928],{"id":122965},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122967,47454],{},[20,122969,122970],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1003,122972,1581,122974,122976],{"id":122973},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122975,47454],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122978,122979],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1003,122981,4953,122983,122985],{"id":122982},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122984,47454],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122987,122988],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1003,122990,94359,122992,122994],{"id":122991},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122993,47454],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122996,122997],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1003,122999,14683,123001,56977,123003,1631],{"id":123000},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123002,47454],{},[15,123004,46222],{},[20,123006,46135,123007,123009,123010,123012],{},[15,123008,47454],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123011,46222],{}," shows output.",[131,123014,1643],{"id":1642},[30,123016,123017,123023,123029,123035,123041,123050,123054],{},[33,123018,123019],{},[166,123020,123021,1689],{"href":46219},[15,123022,46222],{},[33,123024,123025],{},[166,123026,123027,1689],{"href":2070},[15,123028,2073],{},[33,123030,123031],{},[166,123032,123033,1689],{"href":2647},[15,123034,2650],{},[33,123036,123037],{},[166,123038,123039,1689],{"href":2654},[15,123040,2657],{},[33,123042,123043],{},[166,123044,123046,123047,123049],{"href":123045},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123048,1962],{}," to string in Python",[33,123051,123052],{},[166,123053,1681],{"href":1680},[33,123055,123056],{},[166,123057,30119,123058],{"href":90174},[15,123059,90175],{},[1696,123061,123062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":123064},[123065,123066,123068,123069,123075,123077,123079,123081,123090,123091,123092,123093,123105],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":121484,"depth":80,"text":123067},"What str() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":121651,"depth":80,"text":121652,"children":123070},[123071,123072,123073,123074],{"id":121655,"depth":102,"text":121656},{"id":121741,"depth":102,"text":121742},{"id":121828,"depth":102,"text":121829},{"id":121914,"depth":102,"text":121915},{"id":122030,"depth":80,"text":123076},"When to use str()",{"id":122161,"depth":80,"text":123078},"str() vs print()",{"id":122330,"depth":80,"text":123080},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":123082},[123083,123085,123086,123088],{"id":122367,"depth":102,"text":123084},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122502,"depth":102,"text":122503},{"id":122564,"depth":102,"text":123087},"Using str() too early",{"id":122622,"depth":102,"text":123089},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":113492,"depth":80,"text":113493},{"id":122863,"depth":80,"text":122864},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":123094},[123095,123097,123099,123101,123103],{"id":122965,"depth":102,"text":123096},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122973,"depth":102,"text":123098},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122982,"depth":102,"text":123100},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122991,"depth":102,"text":123102},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123000,"depth":102,"text":123104},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41949,"description":123106},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123113,"title":123114,"body":123115,"description":124561,"extension":1733,"meta":124562,"navigation":248,"path":124563,"seo":124564,"stem":124565,"__hash__":124566},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123116,"toc":124523},[123117,123122,123127,123130,123152,123154,123216,123218,123231,123237,123242,123247,123249,123262,123273,123275,123302,123304,123321,123328,123339,123341,123346,123348,123360,123368,123376,123378,123381,123434,123436,123444,123452,123456,123461,123501,123503,123511,123514,123516,123556,123558,123566,123576,123582,123585,123658,123660,123673,123677,123682,123710,123713,123748,123750,123758,123761,123765,123769,123771,123787,123789,123829,123831,123839,123847,123890,123892,123900,123902,123906,123912,123915,123955,123957,123965,123970,123973,124016,124020,124023,124058,124063,124065,124104,124114,124122,124132,124140,124144,124149,124151,124192,124194,124202,124207,124210,124213,124231,124237,124241,124246,124249,124288,124290,124295,124394,124397,124413,124415,124434,124436,124442,124445,124451,124454,124460,124464,124470,124473,124479,124482,124484,124520],[10,123118,13,123120,18],{"id":123119},"python-string-count-method",[15,123121,57062],{},[20,123123,22,123124,123126],{},[15,123125,57062],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123128,123129],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123131,123132,123136,123139,123141,123149],{},[33,123133,25792,123134,137],{},[15,123135,57062],{},[33,123137,123138],{},"its syntax",[33,123140,35165],{},[33,123142,123143,123144,1377,123146,123148],{},"how ",[15,123145,35842],{},[15,123147,52431],{}," work",[33,123150,123151],{},"common beginner mistakes",[131,123153,1775],{"id":1774},[46,123155,123157],{"className":48,"code":123156,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123158,123159,123171,123193],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123160,123161,123163,123165,123167,123169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123162,62],{"class":61},[55,123164,66],{"class":65},[55,123166,70],{"class":69},[55,123168,3869],{"class":73},[55,123170,77],{"class":69},[55,123172,123173,123175,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189,123191],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123174,106],{"class":105},[55,123176,109],{"class":91},[55,123178,352],{"class":95},[55,123180,92],{"class":91},[55,123182,41033],{"class":95},[55,123184,109],{"class":91},[55,123186,228],{"class":69},[55,123188,166],{"class":73},[55,123190,228],{"class":69},[55,123192,1273],{"class":91},[55,123194,123195,123197,123199,123201,123203,123205,123207,123209,123212,123214],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,123196,106],{"class":105},[55,123198,109],{"class":91},[55,123200,352],{"class":95},[55,123202,92],{"class":91},[55,123204,41033],{"class":95},[55,123206,109],{"class":91},[55,123208,228],{"class":69},[55,123210,123211],{"class":73},"na",[55,123213,228],{"class":69},[55,123215,1273],{"class":91},[20,123217,357],{},[46,123219,123221],{"className":48,"code":123220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n2\n",[15,123222,123223,123227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123224,123225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123226,46387],{"class":1210},[55,123228,123229],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123230,16834],{"class":1210},[20,123232,1866,123233,123236],{},[15,123234,123235],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[131,123238,12776,123240,12779],{"id":123239},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123241,57062],{},[20,123243,123244,123246],{},[15,123245,57062],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123248,145],{},[30,123250,123251,123254,123257,123259],{},[33,123252,123253],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123255,123256],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123258,43430],{},[33,123260,123261],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123263,123264,123265,123267,123268,1963,123270,123272],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123266,17873],{}," characters are in ",[15,123269,65047],{},[15,123271,57062],{}," is a simple choice.",[131,123274,178],{"id":177},[46,123276,123278],{"className":48,"code":123277,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123279,123280],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123281,123282,123284,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298,123300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123283,191],{"class":61},[55,123285,92],{"class":91},[55,123287,41033],{"class":95},[55,123289,109],{"class":91},[55,123291,2245],{"class":95},[55,123293,2764],{"class":91},[55,123295,35821],{"class":95},[55,123297,2764],{"class":91},[55,123299,64813],{"class":95},[55,123301,342],{"class":91},[1003,123303,17173],{"id":17172},[30,123305,123306,123311,123316],{},[33,123307,123308,123310],{},[15,123309,2245],{},": the text to search for",[33,123312,123313,123315],{},[15,123314,35842],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123317,123318,123320],{},[15,123319,52431],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123322,123323,1377,123325,123327],{},[15,123324,35842],{},[15,123326,52431],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123329,123330,123335],{},[33,123331,123332,123334],{},[15,123333,35842],{}," is included",[33,123336,123337,75514],{},[15,123338,52431],{},[131,123340,446],{"id":445},[20,123342,123343,123345],{},[15,123344,57062],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123347,1900],{},[30,123349,123350,123355],{},[33,123351,123352,123353],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123354,1835],{},[33,123356,123357,123358],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123359,1894],{},[20,123361,40679,123362,4944,123364,2651,123366,92],{},[123,123363,902],{},[15,123365,3380],{},[15,123367,3452],{},[20,123369,123370,123371,123375],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[166,123372,123373,101367],{"href":1674},[15,123374,3662],{}," is often a better fit.",[131,123377,286],{"id":285},[20,123379,123380],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[46,123382,123384],{"className":48,"code":123383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123385,123386,123398,123420,123424],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123387,123388,123390,123392,123394,123396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123389,62],{"class":61},[55,123391,66],{"class":65},[55,123393,70],{"class":69},[55,123395,3860],{"class":73},[55,123397,77],{"class":69},[55,123399,123400,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416,123418],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123401,83],{"class":61},[55,123403,66],{"class":65},[55,123405,88],{"class":61},[55,123407,92],{"class":91},[55,123409,41033],{"class":95},[55,123411,109],{"class":91},[55,123413,228],{"class":69},[55,123415,20],{"class":73},[55,123417,228],{"class":69},[55,123419,342],{"class":91},[55,123421,123422],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,123423,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,123425,123426,123428,123430,123432],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,123427,106],{"class":105},[55,123429,109],{"class":91},[55,123431,112],{"class":95},[55,123433,342],{"class":91},[20,123435,357],{},[46,123437,123438],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123439,123440],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123441,123442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123443,16834],{"class":1210},[20,123445,63592,123446,123449,123450,92],{},[15,123447,123448],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123451,57605],{},[131,123453,123455],{"id":123454},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123457,123458,123460],{},[15,123459,57062],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[46,123462,123464],{"className":48,"code":123463,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123465,123466,123479],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123467,123468,123470,123472,123474,123477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123469,62],{"class":61},[55,123471,66],{"class":65},[55,123473,70],{"class":69},[55,123475,123476],{"class":73},"cat dog cat bird cat",[55,123478,77],{"class":69},[55,123480,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123482,106],{"class":105},[55,123484,109],{"class":91},[55,123486,352],{"class":95},[55,123488,92],{"class":91},[55,123490,41033],{"class":95},[55,123492,109],{"class":91},[55,123494,228],{"class":69},[55,123496,36818],{"class":73},[55,123498,228],{"class":69},[55,123500,1273],{"class":91},[20,123502,357],{},[46,123504,123505],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123506,123507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123508,123509],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123510,46387],{"class":1210},[20,123512,123513],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123515,214],{},[46,123517,123519],{"className":48,"code":123518,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123520,123521,123534],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123522,123523,123525,123527,123529,123532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123524,62],{"class":61},[55,123526,66],{"class":65},[55,123528,70],{"class":69},[55,123530,123531],{"class":73},"one One one",[55,123533,77],{"class":69},[55,123535,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544,123546,123548,123550,123552,123554],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123537,106],{"class":105},[55,123539,109],{"class":91},[55,123541,352],{"class":95},[55,123543,92],{"class":91},[55,123545,41033],{"class":95},[55,123547,109],{"class":91},[55,123549,228],{"class":69},[55,123551,6371],{"class":73},[55,123553,228],{"class":69},[55,123555,1273],{"class":91},[20,123557,357],{},[46,123559,123560],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123561,123562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123563,123564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123565,16834],{"class":1210},[20,123567,123568,123569,123572,123573,123575],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123570,123571],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123574,57062],{}," is case-sensitive.",[131,123577,1185,123578,1377,123580],{"id":65179},[15,123579,35842],{},[15,123581,52431],{},[20,123583,123584],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[46,123586,123588],{"className":48,"code":123587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123589,123590,123602,123628],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123591,123592,123594,123596,123598,123600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123593,62],{"class":61},[55,123595,66],{"class":65},[55,123597,70],{"class":69},[55,123599,3869],{"class":73},[55,123601,77],{"class":69},[55,123603,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123605,106],{"class":105},[55,123607,109],{"class":91},[55,123609,352],{"class":95},[55,123611,92],{"class":91},[55,123613,41033],{"class":95},[55,123615,109],{"class":91},[55,123617,228],{"class":69},[55,123619,166],{"class":73},[55,123621,228],{"class":69},[55,123623,2764],{"class":91},[55,123625,2767],{"class":1210},[55,123627,1273],{"class":91},[55,123629,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,123631,106],{"class":105},[55,123633,109],{"class":91},[55,123635,352],{"class":95},[55,123637,92],{"class":91},[55,123639,41033],{"class":95},[55,123641,109],{"class":91},[55,123643,228],{"class":69},[55,123645,166],{"class":73},[55,123647,228],{"class":69},[55,123649,2764],{"class":91},[55,123651,2767],{"class":1210},[55,123653,2764],{"class":91},[55,123655,4388],{"class":1210},[55,123657,1273],{"class":91},[20,123659,357],{},[46,123661,123663],{"className":48,"code":123662,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n1\n",[15,123664,123665,123669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123666,123667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123668,16834],{"class":1210},[55,123670,123671],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123672,46687],{"class":1210},[1003,123674,123676],{"id":123675},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123678,123679,123680,539],{},"In ",[15,123681,65047],{},[30,123683,123684,123692,123700],{},[33,123685,70738,123686,123688,123689],{},[15,123687,1829],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123690,123691],{},"\"n\"",[33,123693,123694,123697,123698,75812],{},[15,123695,123696],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123699,1829],{},[33,123701,123702,123697,123705,123707,123708],{},[15,123703,123704],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123706,1829],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123709,1911],{},[20,123711,123712],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[46,123714,123716],{"className":48,"code":123715,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123717,123718,123730],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123719,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123721,62],{"class":61},[55,123723,66],{"class":65},[55,123725,70],{"class":69},[55,123727,3869],{"class":73},[55,123729,77],{"class":69},[55,123731,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123733,106],{"class":105},[55,123735,109],{"class":91},[55,123737,352],{"class":95},[55,123739,3680],{"class":91},[55,123741,1829],{"class":1210},[55,123743,539],{"class":91},[55,123745,1911],{"class":1210},[55,123747,3668],{"class":91},[20,123749,357],{},[46,123751,123752],{"className":48,"code":41242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123753,123754],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123755,123756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123757,41242],{"class":61},[20,123759,123760],{},"Only that section is searched.",[131,123762,123764],{"id":123763},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123766,123767,123575],{},[15,123768,57062],{},[20,123770,1881],{},[30,123772,123773,123781],{},[33,123774,123775,1377,123777,123780],{},[15,123776,17873],{},[15,123778,123779],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,123782,123783,1377,123785,123780],{},[15,123784,64307],{},[15,123786,90187],{},[20,123788,214],{},[46,123790,123792],{"className":48,"code":123791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123793,123794,123807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123795,123796,123798,123800,123802,123805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123797,62],{"class":61},[55,123799,66],{"class":65},[55,123801,70],{"class":69},[55,123803,123804],{"class":73},"Apple apple APPLE",[55,123806,77],{"class":69},[55,123808,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123810,106],{"class":105},[55,123812,109],{"class":91},[55,123814,352],{"class":95},[55,123816,92],{"class":91},[55,123818,41033],{"class":95},[55,123820,109],{"class":91},[55,123822,228],{"class":69},[55,123824,3860],{"class":73},[55,123826,228],{"class":69},[55,123828,1273],{"class":91},[20,123830,357],{},[46,123832,123833],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123834,123835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123836,123837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123838,46687],{"class":1210},[20,123840,123841,123842,539],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[166,123843,123845],{"href":123844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123846,17],{},[46,123848,123850],{"className":48,"code":123849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123851,123852,123864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123853,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123855,62],{"class":61},[55,123857,66],{"class":65},[55,123859,70],{"class":69},[55,123861,123804],{"class":73},[55,123863,77],{"class":69},[55,123865,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123867,106],{"class":105},[55,123869,109],{"class":91},[55,123871,352],{"class":95},[55,123873,92],{"class":91},[55,123875,96],{"class":95},[55,123877,857],{"class":91},[55,123879,41033],{"class":95},[55,123881,109],{"class":91},[55,123883,228],{"class":69},[55,123885,3860],{"class":73},[55,123887,228],{"class":69},[55,123889,1273],{"class":91},[20,123891,357],{},[46,123893,123894],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123895,123896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123897,123898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123899,46387],{"class":1210},[131,123901,1001],{"id":1000},[20,123903,22871,123904,92],{},[15,123905,57062],{},[1003,123907,8235,123909,123911],{"id":123908},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123910,57062],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123913,123914],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[46,123916,123918],{"className":48,"code":123917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123919,123920,123933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123921,123922,123924,123926,123928,123931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123923,62],{"class":61},[55,123925,66],{"class":65},[55,123927,70],{"class":69},[55,123929,123930],{"class":73},"Aardvark",[55,123932,77],{"class":69},[55,123934,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123936,106],{"class":105},[55,123938,109],{"class":91},[55,123940,352],{"class":95},[55,123942,92],{"class":91},[55,123944,41033],{"class":95},[55,123946,109],{"class":91},[55,123948,228],{"class":69},[55,123950,166],{"class":73},[55,123952,228],{"class":69},[55,123954,1273],{"class":91},[20,123956,357],{},[46,123958,123959],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,123960,123961],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123962,123963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123964,16834],{"class":1210},[20,123966,123568,123967,123969],{},[15,123968,123779],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123971,123972],{},"If needed, convert first:",[46,123974,123976],{"className":48,"code":123975,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123977,123978,123990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123979,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123981,62],{"class":61},[55,123983,66],{"class":65},[55,123985,70],{"class":69},[55,123987,123930],{"class":73},[55,123989,77],{"class":69},[55,123991,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,123993,106],{"class":105},[55,123995,109],{"class":91},[55,123997,352],{"class":95},[55,123999,92],{"class":91},[55,124001,96],{"class":95},[55,124003,857],{"class":91},[55,124005,41033],{"class":95},[55,124007,109],{"class":91},[55,124009,228],{"class":69},[55,124011,166],{"class":73},[55,124013,228],{"class":69},[55,124015,1273],{"class":91},[1003,124017,124019],{"id":124018},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124021,124022],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[46,124024,124026],{"className":48,"code":124025,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124027,124028,124040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124029,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124031,62],{"class":61},[55,124033,66],{"class":65},[55,124035,70],{"class":69},[55,124037,3869],{"class":73},[55,124039,77],{"class":69},[55,124041,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054,124056],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124043,106],{"class":105},[55,124045,109],{"class":91},[55,124047,352],{"class":95},[55,124049,92],{"class":91},[55,124051,41033],{"class":95},[55,124053,109],{"class":91},[55,124055,166],{"class":95},[55,124057,1273],{"class":91},[20,124059,124060,124061,92],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124062,166],{},[20,124064,10588],{},[46,124066,124068],{"className":48,"code":124067,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124069,124070,124082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124071,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124073,62],{"class":61},[55,124075,66],{"class":65},[55,124077,70],{"class":69},[55,124079,3869],{"class":73},[55,124081,77],{"class":69},[55,124083,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124085,106],{"class":105},[55,124087,109],{"class":91},[55,124089,352],{"class":95},[55,124091,92],{"class":91},[55,124093,41033],{"class":95},[55,124095,109],{"class":91},[55,124097,228],{"class":69},[55,124099,166],{"class":73},[55,124101,228],{"class":69},[55,124103,1273],{"class":91},[1003,124105,36975,124107,8483,124109,2651,124112],{"id":124106},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124108,57062],{},[15,124110,124111],{},"find()",[15,124113,58740],{},[20,124115,1866,124116,124118,124119,92],{},[15,124117,57062],{}," when you need the ",[123,124120,124121],{},"number of matches",[20,124123,1866,124124,124118,124129,124131],{},[166,124125,124127],{"href":124126},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124128,124111],{},[123,124130,64719],{}," of the first match.",[20,124133,1866,124134,124139],{},[166,124135,124137],{"href":124136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124138,58740],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1003,124141,124143],{"id":124142},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124145,124146,124148],{},[15,124147,57062],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124150,214],{},[46,124152,124154],{"className":48,"code":124153,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124155,124156,124169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124157,124158,124160,124162,124164,124167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124159,62],{"class":61},[55,124161,66],{"class":65},[55,124163,70],{"class":69},[55,124165,124166],{"class":73},"aaaa",[55,124168,77],{"class":69},[55,124170,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124188,124190],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124172,106],{"class":105},[55,124174,109],{"class":91},[55,124176,352],{"class":95},[55,124178,92],{"class":91},[55,124180,41033],{"class":95},[55,124182,109],{"class":91},[55,124184,228],{"class":69},[55,124186,124187],{"class":73},"aa",[55,124189,228],{"class":69},[55,124191,1273],{"class":91},[20,124193,357],{},[46,124195,124196],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,124197,124198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124199,124200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124201,16834],{"class":1210},[20,124203,124204,124205,92],{},"It does not return ",[15,124206,1835],{},[20,124208,124209],{},"Why not?",[20,124211,124212],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124214,124215,124224],{},[33,124216,124217,124220,124221],{},[15,124218,124219],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124222,124223],{},"0-1",[33,124225,124226,124220,124228],{},[15,124227,124219],{},[15,124229,124230],{},"2-3",[20,124232,124233,124234,92],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124235,124236],{},"1-2",[131,124238,4744,124239],{"id":58145},[15,124240,57062],{},[20,124242,1866,124243,124245],{},[15,124244,57062],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124247,124248],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124250,124251,124260,124270,124280],{},[33,124252,1866,124253,124255,124256,124259],{},[15,124254,57062],{}," when you need ",[123,124257,124258],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124261,1866,124262,124255,124266,124269],{},[166,124263,124264],{"href":124126},[15,124265,124111],{},[123,124267,124268],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124271,47581,124272,124276,124277],{},[166,124273,124274,101367],{"href":1674},[15,124275,3662],{}," when you only need to know ",[123,124278,124279],{},"if it exists",[33,124281,1866,124282,124287],{},[166,124283,124285],{"href":124284},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124286,1669],{}," when you want to change matching text",[131,124289,25715],{"id":25714},[20,124291,8654,124292,124294],{},[15,124293,57062],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[46,124296,124298],{"className":48,"code":124297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124299,124300,124310,124324,124346,124372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124301,124302,124304,124306,124308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124303,106],{"class":105},[55,124305,109],{"class":91},[55,124307,352],{"class":95},[55,124309,342],{"class":91},[55,124311,124312,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124313,106],{"class":105},[55,124315,109],{"class":91},[55,124317,1266],{"class":1265},[55,124319,109],{"class":91},[55,124321,352],{"class":95},[55,124323,1273],{"class":91},[55,124325,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,124327,106],{"class":105},[55,124329,109],{"class":91},[55,124331,352],{"class":95},[55,124333,92],{"class":91},[55,124335,41033],{"class":95},[55,124337,109],{"class":91},[55,124339,228],{"class":69},[55,124341,166],{"class":73},[55,124343,228],{"class":69},[55,124345,1273],{"class":91},[55,124347,124348,124350,124352,124354,124356,124358,124360,124362,124364,124366,124368,124370],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,124349,106],{"class":105},[55,124351,109],{"class":91},[55,124353,352],{"class":95},[55,124355,92],{"class":91},[55,124357,96],{"class":95},[55,124359,857],{"class":91},[55,124361,41033],{"class":95},[55,124363,109],{"class":91},[55,124365,228],{"class":69},[55,124367,166],{"class":73},[55,124369,228],{"class":69},[55,124371,1273],{"class":91},[55,124373,124374,124376,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,124375,106],{"class":105},[55,124377,109],{"class":91},[55,124379,352],{"class":95},[55,124381,92],{"class":91},[55,124383,41033],{"class":95},[55,124385,109],{"class":91},[55,124387,228],{"class":69},[55,124389,123211],{"class":73},[55,124391,228],{"class":69},[55,124393,1273],{"class":91},[20,124395,124396],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124398,124399,124402,124407,124410],{},[33,124400,124401],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124403,124404,124406],{},[15,124405,352],{}," not being a string",[33,124408,124409],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124411,124412],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124414,58634],{},[30,124416,124417,124420,124423,124426],{},[33,124418,124419],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124421,124422],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124424,124425],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124427,50263,124428,44401,124430,2651,124432,73084],{},[15,124429,57062],{},[15,124431,124111],{},[15,124433,3662],{},[131,124435,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,124437,124439,124440,1584],{"id":124438},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124441,57062],{},[20,124443,124444],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1003,124446,14683,124448,124450],{"id":124447},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124449,57062],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124452,124453],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1003,124455,1603,124457,124459],{"id":124456},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124458,57062],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124461,4931,124462,92],{},[15,124463,1894],{},[1003,124465,4953,124467,124469],{"id":124466},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124468,57062],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124471,124472],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1003,124474,1581,124476,124478],{"id":124475},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124477,57062],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124480,124481],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[131,124483,1643],{"id":1642},[30,124485,124486,124493,124500,124507,124513],{},[33,124487,124488],{},[166,124489,124490],{"href":124126},[15,124491,124492],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124494,124495],{},[166,124496,124497],{"href":124136},[15,124498,124499],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124501,124502],{},[166,124503,124504],{"href":123844},[15,124505,124506],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124508,124509],{},[166,124510,124511],{"href":1674},[15,124512,1675],{},[33,124514,124515],{},[166,124516,124517],{"href":124284},[15,124518,124519],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1696,124521,124522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":124524},[124525,124526,124528,124531,124532,124533,124534,124537,124538,124546,124547,124548,124560],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":123239,"depth":80,"text":124527},"What the count() method does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":124529},[124530],{"id":17172,"depth":102,"text":17173},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":123454,"depth":80,"text":123455},{"id":65179,"depth":80,"text":65962,"children":124535},[124536],{"id":123675,"depth":102,"text":123676},{"id":123763,"depth":80,"text":123764},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":124539},[124540,124542,124543,124545],{"id":123908,"depth":102,"text":124541},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124018,"depth":102,"text":124019},{"id":124106,"depth":102,"text":124544},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124142,"depth":102,"text":124143},{"id":58145,"depth":80,"text":58776},{"id":25714,"depth":80,"text":25715},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":124549},[124550,124552,124554,124556,124558],{"id":124438,"depth":102,"text":124551},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124447,"depth":102,"text":124553},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124456,"depth":102,"text":124555},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124466,"depth":102,"text":124557},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124475,"depth":102,"text":124559},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123114,"description":124561},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124568,"title":124569,"body":124570,"description":126152,"extension":1733,"meta":126153,"navigation":248,"path":126154,"seo":126155,"stem":126156,"__hash__":126157},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124571,"toc":126125},[124572,124575,124578,124675,124684,124686,124705,124709,124712,124715,124728,124731,124760,124765,124770,124827,124829,124862,124867,124871,124874,124877,124906,124909,124936,124939,124942,124946,124949,124956,125019,125021,125039,125042,125046,125049,125052,125094,125097,125141,125144,125147,125151,125156,125159,125202,125204,125227,125230,125263,125266,125315,125325,125329,125332,125335,125364,125367,125378,125380,125439,125442,125446,125449,125452,125467,125476,125479,125513,125516,125543,125546,125553,125555,125558,125560,125563,125577,125586,125588,125615,125619,125622,125636,125639,125698,125702,125705,125732,125735,125762,125770,125773,125833,125835,125868,125872,125875,125894,125899,125948,125953,125955,125958,126017,126035,126037,126041,126049,126053,126056,126060,126066,126070,126080,126084,126087,126089,126122],[10,124573,124569],{"id":124574},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124576,124577],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[46,124579,124581],{"className":48,"code":124580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124582,124583,124595,124607,124616,124630,124634,124644,124654,124665],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124584,124585,124587,124589,124591,124593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124586,254],{"class":61},[55,124588,66],{"class":65},[55,124590,70],{"class":69},[55,124592,4787],{"class":73},[55,124594,77],{"class":69},[55,124596,124597,124599,124601,124603,124605],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124598,758],{"class":61},[55,124600,66],{"class":65},[55,124602,3072],{"class":69},[55,124604,34637],{"class":73},[55,124606,29471],{"class":69},[55,124608,124609,124612,124614],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,124610,124611],{"class":61},"empty ",[55,124613,66],{"class":65},[55,124615,7665],{"class":69},[55,124617,124618,124620,124622,124624,124626,124628],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,124619,62],{"class":61},[55,124621,66],{"class":65},[55,124623,48675],{"class":1265},[55,124625,109],{"class":91},[55,124627,50017],{"class":1210},[55,124629,342],{"class":91},[55,124631,124632],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,124633,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,124635,124636,124638,124640,124642],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,124637,106],{"class":105},[55,124639,109],{"class":91},[55,124641,273],{"class":95},[55,124643,342],{"class":91},[55,124645,124646,124648,124650,124652],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,124647,106],{"class":105},[55,124649,109],{"class":91},[55,124651,89793],{"class":95},[55,124653,342],{"class":91},[55,124655,124656,124658,124660,124663],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,124657,106],{"class":105},[55,124659,109],{"class":91},[55,124661,124662],{"class":95},"empty",[55,124664,342],{"class":91},[55,124666,124667,124669,124671,124673],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,124668,106],{"class":105},[55,124670,109],{"class":91},[55,124672,352],{"class":95},[55,124674,342],{"class":91},[20,124676,124677,124680,124681,124683],{},[123,124678,124679],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124682,47454],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[131,124685,14943],{"id":14942},[30,124687,124688,124691,124694,124697,124702],{},[33,124689,124690],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124692,124693],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124695,124696],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124698,124699,124700],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124701,47454],{},[33,124703,124704],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[131,124706,124708],{"id":124707},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124710,124711],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124713,124714],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124716,124717,124720,124722,124725],{},[33,124718,124719],{},"Letters",[33,124721,56233],{},[33,124723,124724],{},"Spaces",[33,124726,124727],{},"Symbols",[20,124729,124730],{},"Examples of strings:",[46,124732,124734],{"className":48,"code":124733,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124735,124736,124744,124752],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124737,124738,124740,124742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124739,228],{"class":43101},[55,124741,3624],{"class":43105},[55,124743,77],{"class":43101},[55,124745,124746,124748,124750],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124747,228],{"class":43101},[55,124749,50017],{"class":43105},[55,124751,77],{"class":43101},[55,124753,124754,124756,124758],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,124755,228],{"class":43101},[55,124757,88920],{"class":43105},[55,124759,77],{"class":43101},[20,124761,20756,124762,124764],{},[15,124763,50067],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124766,124767,124768,539],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124769,2073],{},[46,124771,124773],{"className":48,"code":124772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124774,124775,124787,124795,124799,124813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124776,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124778,62],{"class":61},[55,124780,66],{"class":65},[55,124782,70],{"class":69},[55,124784,50017],{"class":73},[55,124786,77],{"class":69},[55,124788,124789,124791,124793],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124790,1205],{"class":61},[55,124792,66],{"class":65},[55,124794,1211],{"class":1210},[55,124796,124797],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,124798,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,124800,124801,124803,124805,124807,124809,124811],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,124802,106],{"class":105},[55,124804,109],{"class":91},[55,124806,1266],{"class":1265},[55,124808,109],{"class":91},[55,124810,352],{"class":95},[55,124812,1273],{"class":91},[55,124814,124815,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,124816,106],{"class":105},[55,124818,109],{"class":91},[55,124820,1266],{"class":1265},[55,124822,109],{"class":91},[55,124824,1220],{"class":95},[55,124826,1273],{"class":91},[20,124828,357],{},[46,124830,124832],{"className":48,"code":124831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124833,124834,124848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124835,124836,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124837,3066],{"class":65},[55,124839,3069],{"class":1838},[55,124841,3072],{"class":69},[55,124843,3220],{"class":73},[55,124845,3077],{"class":69},[55,124847,3080],{"class":65},[55,124849,124850,124852,124854,124856,124858,124860],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124851,3066],{"class":65},[55,124853,3069],{"class":1838},[55,124855,3072],{"class":69},[55,124857,1962],{"class":73},[55,124859,3077],{"class":69},[55,124861,3080],{"class":65},[20,124863,164,124864,92],{},[166,124865,124866],{"href":173},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[131,124868,124870],{"id":124869},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124872,124873],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124875,124876],{},"You can use single quotes:",[46,124878,124880],{"className":48,"code":124879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124881,124882,124895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124883,124884,124887,124889,124891,124893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124885,124886],{"class":61},"greeting ",[55,124888,66],{"class":65},[55,124890,3072],{"class":69},[55,124892,3624],{"class":73},[55,124894,29471],{"class":69},[55,124896,124897,124899,124901,124904],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124898,106],{"class":105},[55,124900,109],{"class":91},[55,124902,124903],{"class":95},"greeting",[55,124905,342],{"class":91},[20,124907,124908],{},"Or double quotes:",[46,124910,124912],{"className":48,"code":124911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124913,124914,124926],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124915,124916,124918,124920,124922,124924],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124917,124886],{"class":61},[55,124919,66],{"class":65},[55,124921,70],{"class":69},[55,124923,3624],{"class":73},[55,124925,77],{"class":69},[55,124927,124928,124930,124932,124934],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124929,106],{"class":105},[55,124931,109],{"class":91},[55,124933,124903],{"class":95},[55,124935,342],{"class":91},[20,124937,124938],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124940,124941],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[131,124943,124945],{"id":124944},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124947,124948],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124950,124951,124952,2651,124954,539],{},"Use either ",[15,124953,6058],{},[15,124955,3551],{},[46,124957,124959],{"className":48,"code":124958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124960,124961,124970,124979,124983,124994,125005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124962,124963,124966,124968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124964,124965],{"class":61},"empty1 ",[55,124967,66],{"class":65},[55,124969,7665],{"class":69},[55,124971,124972,124975,124977],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,124973,124974],{"class":61},"empty2 ",[55,124976,66],{"class":65},[55,124978,47266],{"class":69},[55,124980,124981],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,124982,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,124984,124985,124987,124989,124992],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,124986,106],{"class":105},[55,124988,109],{"class":91},[55,124990,124991],{"class":95},"empty1",[55,124993,342],{"class":91},[55,124995,124996,124998,125000,125003],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,124997,106],{"class":105},[55,124999,109],{"class":91},[55,125001,125002],{"class":95},"empty2",[55,125004,342],{"class":91},[55,125006,125007,125009,125011,125013,125015,125017],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,125008,106],{"class":105},[55,125010,109],{"class":91},[55,125012,1266],{"class":1265},[55,125014,109],{"class":91},[55,125016,124991],{"class":95},[55,125018,1273],{"class":91},[20,125020,357],{},[46,125022,125023],{"className":48,"code":45540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,125024,125025],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125026,125027,125029,125031,125033,125035,125037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125028,3066],{"class":65},[55,125030,3069],{"class":1838},[55,125032,3072],{"class":69},[55,125034,3220],{"class":73},[55,125036,3077],{"class":69},[55,125038,3080],{"class":65},[20,125040,125041],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[131,125043,125045],{"id":125044},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125047,125048],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125050,125051],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[46,125053,125055],{"className":48,"code":125054,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125056,125057,125068,125073,125080,125084],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125058,125059,125061,125063,125066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125060,758],{"class":61},[55,125062,66],{"class":65},[55,125064,125065],{"class":69}," \"\"\"",[55,125067,88721],{"class":73},[55,125069,125070],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125071,125072],{"class":73},"Welcome to Python\n",[55,125074,125075,125078],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125076,125077],{"class":73},"Have a nice day",[55,125079,43109],{"class":69},[55,125081,125082],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125083,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125085,125086,125088,125090,125092],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,125087,106],{"class":105},[55,125089,109],{"class":91},[55,125091,89793],{"class":95},[55,125093,342],{"class":91},[20,125095,125096],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[46,125098,125100],{"className":48,"code":125099,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125101,125102,125114,125119,125127,125131],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125103,125104,125106,125108,125111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125105,758],{"class":61},[55,125107,66],{"class":65},[55,125109,125110],{"class":69}," '''",[55,125112,125113],{"class":73},"Line 1\n",[55,125115,125116],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125117,125118],{"class":73},"Line 2\n",[55,125120,125121,125124],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125122,125123],{"class":73},"Line 3",[55,125125,125126],{"class":69},"'''\n",[55,125128,125129],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125130,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125132,125133,125135,125137,125139],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,125134,106],{"class":105},[55,125136,109],{"class":91},[55,125138,89793],{"class":95},[55,125140,342],{"class":91},[20,125142,125143],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125145,125146],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[131,125148,125150],{"id":125149},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125152,1750,125153,125155],{},[15,125154,47454],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125157,125158],{},"Example with a number:",[46,125160,125162],{"className":48,"code":125161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125163,125164,125178,125188],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125165,125166,125168,125170,125172,125174,125176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125167,62],{"class":61},[55,125169,66],{"class":65},[55,125171,48675],{"class":1265},[55,125173,109],{"class":91},[55,125175,46296],{"class":1210},[55,125177,342],{"class":91},[55,125179,125180,125182,125184,125186],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125181,106],{"class":105},[55,125183,109],{"class":91},[55,125185,352],{"class":95},[55,125187,342],{"class":91},[55,125189,125190,125192,125194,125196,125198,125200],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125191,106],{"class":105},[55,125193,109],{"class":91},[55,125195,1266],{"class":1265},[55,125197,109],{"class":91},[55,125199,352],{"class":95},[55,125201,1273],{"class":91},[20,125203,357],{},[46,125205,125207],{"className":48,"code":125206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125208,125209,125213],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125210,125211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125212,46382],{"class":1210},[55,125214,125215,125217,125219,125221,125223,125225],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125216,3066],{"class":65},[55,125218,3069],{"class":1838},[55,125220,3072],{"class":69},[55,125222,3220],{"class":73},[55,125224,3077],{"class":69},[55,125226,3080],{"class":65},[20,125228,125229],{},"You can also convert other values:",[46,125231,125233],{"className":48,"code":125232,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125234,125235,125249],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125236,125237,125239,125241,125243,125245,125247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125238,106],{"class":105},[55,125240,109],{"class":91},[55,125242,3220],{"class":1265},[55,125244,109],{"class":91},[55,125246,3380],{"class":3631},[55,125248,1273],{"class":91},[55,125250,125251,125253,125255,125257,125259,125261],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125252,106],{"class":105},[55,125254,109],{"class":91},[55,125256,3220],{"class":1265},[55,125258,109],{"class":91},[55,125260,39916],{"class":1210},[55,125262,1273],{"class":91},[20,125264,125265],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[46,125267,125269],{"className":48,"code":125268,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125270,125271,125279,125301,125305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125272,125273,125275,125277],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125274,21405],{"class":61},[55,125276,66],{"class":65},[55,125278,44995],{"class":1210},[55,125280,125281,125283,125285,125287,125289,125291,125293,125295,125297,125299],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125282,758],{"class":61},[55,125284,66],{"class":65},[55,125286,70],{"class":69},[55,125288,89196],{"class":73},[55,125290,228],{"class":69},[55,125292,2226],{"class":65},[55,125294,48675],{"class":1265},[55,125296,109],{"class":91},[55,125298,9079],{"class":95},[55,125300,342],{"class":91},[55,125302,125303],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125304,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125306,125307,125309,125311,125313],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125308,106],{"class":105},[55,125310,109],{"class":91},[55,125312,89793],{"class":95},[55,125314,342],{"class":91},[20,125316,125317,125318,2651,125322,92],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[166,125319,1686,125320,1689],{"href":41948},[15,125321,47454],{},[166,125323,125324],{"href":123045},"how to convert int to string in Python",[131,125326,125328],{"id":125327},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125330,125331],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125333,125334],{},"Both of these are valid:",[46,125336,125338],{"className":48,"code":125337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125339,125340,125352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125341,125342,125344,125346,125348,125350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125343,2327],{"class":61},[55,125345,66],{"class":65},[55,125347,3072],{"class":69},[55,125349,7082],{"class":73},[55,125351,29471],{"class":69},[55,125353,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125355,2355],{"class":61},[55,125357,66],{"class":65},[55,125359,70],{"class":69},[55,125361,7082],{"class":73},[55,125363,77],{"class":69},[20,125365,125366],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125368,125369,125372,125375],{},[33,125370,125371],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125373,125374],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125376,125377],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125379,214],{},[46,125381,125383],{"className":48,"code":125382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125384,125385,125399,125413,125417,125428],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125386,125387,125390,125392,125394,125397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125388,125389],{"class":61},"text1 ",[55,125391,66],{"class":65},[55,125393,70],{"class":69},[55,125395,125396],{"class":73},"It's working",[55,125398,77],{"class":69},[55,125400,125401,125404,125406,125408,125411],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125402,125403],{"class":61},"text2 ",[55,125405,66],{"class":65},[55,125407,3072],{"class":69},[55,125409,125410],{"class":73},"She said \"hello\"",[55,125412,29471],{"class":69},[55,125414,125415],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125416,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125418,125419,125421,125423,125426],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125420,106],{"class":105},[55,125422,109],{"class":91},[55,125424,125425],{"class":95},"text1",[55,125427,342],{"class":91},[55,125429,125430,125432,125434,125437],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,125431,106],{"class":105},[55,125433,109],{"class":91},[55,125435,125436],{"class":95},"text2",[55,125438,342],{"class":91},[20,125440,125441],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[131,125443,125445],{"id":125444},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125447,125448],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125450,125451],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[46,125453,125455],{"className":48,"code":125454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125456,125457,125462],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125458,125459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125460,125461],{"class":118},"# This will cause an error\n",[55,125463,125464],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125465,125466],{"class":118},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125468,125469,125470,35100,125472,125475],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125471,3077],{},[15,125473,125474],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125477,125478],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[46,125480,125482],{"className":48,"code":125481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125483,125484,125503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125485,125486,125488,125490,125492,125495,125498,125501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125487,62],{"class":61},[55,125489,66],{"class":65},[55,125491,3072],{"class":69},[55,125493,125494],{"class":73},"It",[55,125496,125497],{"class":375},"\\'",[55,125499,125500],{"class":73},"s working",[55,125502,29471],{"class":69},[55,125504,125505,125507,125509,125511],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125506,106],{"class":105},[55,125508,109],{"class":91},[55,125510,352],{"class":95},[55,125512,342],{"class":91},[20,125514,125515],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[46,125517,125519],{"className":48,"code":125518,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125520,125521,125533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125522,125523,125525,125527,125529,125531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125524,62],{"class":61},[55,125526,66],{"class":65},[55,125528,70],{"class":69},[55,125530,125396],{"class":73},[55,125532,77],{"class":69},[55,125534,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125536,106],{"class":105},[55,125538,109],{"class":91},[55,125540,352],{"class":95},[55,125542,342],{"class":91},[20,125544,125545],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125547,125548,125549,92],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[166,125550,125552],{"href":125551},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[131,125554,1001],{"id":1000},[20,125556,125557],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1003,125559,89983],{"id":89982},[20,125561,125562],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[46,125564,125566],{"className":48,"code":125565,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125567,125568,125572],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125569,125570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125571,125461],{"class":118},[55,125573,125574],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125575,125576],{"class":118},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125578,125579,125580,8384,125583,125585],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125581,125582],{},"NameError",[15,125584,4787],{}," is not defined.",[20,125587,10588],{},[46,125589,125591],{"className":48,"code":125590,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125592,125593,125605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125594,125595,125597,125599,125601,125603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125596,254],{"class":61},[55,125598,66],{"class":65},[55,125600,70],{"class":69},[55,125602,4787],{"class":73},[55,125604,77],{"class":69},[55,125606,125607,125609,125611,125613],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125608,106],{"class":105},[55,125610,109],{"class":91},[55,125612,273],{"class":95},[55,125614,342],{"class":91},[1003,125616,125618],{"id":125617},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125620,125621],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[46,125623,125625],{"className":48,"code":125624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125626,125627,125631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125628,125629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125630,125461],{"class":118},[55,125632,125633],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125634,125635],{"class":118},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125637,125638],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[46,125640,125642],{"className":48,"code":125641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125643,125644,125661,125674,125678,125688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125645,125646,125648,125650,125652,125654,125656,125659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125647,125389],{"class":61},[55,125649,66],{"class":65},[55,125651,3072],{"class":69},[55,125653,125494],{"class":73},[55,125655,125497],{"class":375},[55,125657,125658],{"class":73},"s good",[55,125660,29471],{"class":69},[55,125662,125663,125665,125667,125669,125672],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125664,125403],{"class":61},[55,125666,66],{"class":65},[55,125668,70],{"class":69},[55,125670,125671],{"class":73},"It's good",[55,125673,77],{"class":69},[55,125675,125676],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125677,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125679,125680,125682,125684,125686],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125681,106],{"class":105},[55,125683,109],{"class":91},[55,125685,125425],{"class":95},[55,125687,342],{"class":91},[55,125689,125690,125692,125694,125696],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,125691,106],{"class":105},[55,125693,109],{"class":91},[55,125695,125436],{"class":95},[55,125697,342],{"class":91},[1003,125699,125701],{"id":125700},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125703,125704],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[46,125706,125708],{"className":48,"code":125707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125709,125710,125722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125711,125712,125714,125716,125718,125720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125713,62],{"class":61},[55,125715,66],{"class":65},[55,125717,125065],{"class":69},[55,125719,3624],{"class":73},[55,125721,43109],{"class":69},[55,125723,125724,125726,125728,125730],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125725,106],{"class":105},[55,125727,109],{"class":91},[55,125729,352],{"class":95},[55,125731,342],{"class":91},[20,125733,125734],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[46,125736,125738],{"className":48,"code":125737,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125739,125740,125752],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125741,125742,125744,125746,125748,125750],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125743,62],{"class":61},[55,125745,66],{"class":65},[55,125747,70],{"class":69},[55,125749,3624],{"class":73},[55,125751,77],{"class":69},[55,125753,125754,125756,125758,125760],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125755,106],{"class":105},[55,125757,109],{"class":91},[55,125759,352],{"class":95},[55,125761,342],{"class":91},[1003,125763,4362,125765,1377,125767,125769],{"id":125764},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125766,50017],{},[15,125768,50067],{}," are the same type",[20,125771,125772],{},"They are different:",[46,125774,125776],{"className":48,"code":125775,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125777,125778,125787,125800,125804,125818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125779,125780,125783,125785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125781,125782],{"class":61},"value1 ",[55,125784,66],{"class":65},[55,125786,1211],{"class":1210},[55,125788,125789,125792,125794,125796,125798],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125790,125791],{"class":61},"value2 ",[55,125793,66],{"class":65},[55,125795,70],{"class":69},[55,125797,50017],{"class":73},[55,125799,77],{"class":69},[55,125801,125802],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125803,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125805,125806,125808,125810,125812,125814,125816],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125807,106],{"class":105},[55,125809,109],{"class":91},[55,125811,1266],{"class":1265},[55,125813,109],{"class":91},[55,125815,84542],{"class":95},[55,125817,1273],{"class":91},[55,125819,125820,125822,125824,125826,125828,125831],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,125821,106],{"class":105},[55,125823,109],{"class":91},[55,125825,1266],{"class":1265},[55,125827,109],{"class":91},[55,125829,125830],{"class":95},"value2",[55,125832,1273],{"class":91},[20,125834,357],{},[46,125836,125838],{"className":48,"code":125837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125839,125840,125854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125841,125842,125844,125846,125848,125850,125852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125843,3066],{"class":65},[55,125845,3069],{"class":1838},[55,125847,3072],{"class":69},[55,125849,1962],{"class":73},[55,125851,3077],{"class":69},[55,125853,3080],{"class":65},[55,125855,125856,125858,125860,125862,125864,125866],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125857,3066],{"class":65},[55,125859,3069],{"class":1838},[55,125861,3072],{"class":69},[55,125863,3220],{"class":73},[55,125865,3077],{"class":69},[55,125867,3080],{"class":65},[1003,125869,125871],{"id":125870},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125873,125874],{},"This causes a type error:",[46,125876,125878],{"className":48,"code":125877,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125879,125880,125884,125889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125881,125882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125883,125461],{"class":118},[55,125885,125886],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125887,125888],{"class":118},"# age = 10\n",[55,125890,125891],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125892,125893],{"class":118},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125895,125896,125897,539],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125898,47454],{},[46,125900,125902],{"className":48,"code":125901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125903,125904,125912,125934,125938],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125905,125906,125908,125910],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125907,21405],{"class":61},[55,125909,66],{"class":65},[55,125911,2360],{"class":1210},[55,125913,125914,125916,125918,125920,125922,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125915,758],{"class":61},[55,125917,66],{"class":65},[55,125919,70],{"class":69},[55,125921,89196],{"class":73},[55,125923,228],{"class":69},[55,125925,2226],{"class":65},[55,125927,48675],{"class":1265},[55,125929,109],{"class":91},[55,125931,9079],{"class":95},[55,125933,342],{"class":91},[55,125935,125936],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125937,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125939,125940,125942,125944,125946],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125941,106],{"class":105},[55,125943,109],{"class":91},[55,125945,89793],{"class":95},[55,125947,342],{"class":91},[20,125949,125950,125951,92],{},"For this specific error, see ",[166,125952,90175],{"href":90174},[1003,125954,60483],{"id":60482},[20,125956,125957],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[46,125959,125961],{"className":48,"code":125960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125962,125963,125975,125979,125989,126003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125964,125965,125967,125969,125971,125973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125966,62],{"class":61},[55,125968,66],{"class":65},[55,125970,70],{"class":69},[55,125972,3624],{"class":73},[55,125974,77],{"class":69},[55,125976,125977],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,125978,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,125980,125981,125983,125985,125987],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,125982,106],{"class":105},[55,125984,109],{"class":91},[55,125986,352],{"class":95},[55,125988,342],{"class":91},[55,125990,125991,125993,125995,125997,125999,126001],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,125992,106],{"class":105},[55,125994,109],{"class":91},[55,125996,1266],{"class":1265},[55,125998,109],{"class":91},[55,126000,352],{"class":95},[55,126002,1273],{"class":91},[55,126004,126005,126007,126009,126011,126013,126015],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,126006,106],{"class":105},[55,126008,109],{"class":91},[55,126010,41552],{"class":105},[55,126012,109],{"class":91},[55,126014,352],{"class":95},[55,126016,1273],{"class":91},[30,126018,126019,126024,126029],{},[33,126020,126021,46048],{},[15,126022,126023],{},"print(text)",[33,126025,126026,46053],{},[15,126027,126028],{},"print(type(text))",[33,126030,126031,126034],{},[15,126032,126033],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[131,126036,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,126038,126040],{"id":126039},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126042,126043,126044,2651,126047,92],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126045,126046],{},"'hello'",[15,126048,64307],{},[1003,126050,126052],{"id":126051},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126054,126055],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1003,126057,126059],{"id":126058},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126061,1866,126062,2651,126064,92],{},[15,126063,6058],{},[15,126065,3551],{},[1003,126067,126069],{"id":126068},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126071,1866,126072,126074,126075,126077,126078,92],{},[15,126073,47454],{},", like ",[15,126076,80153],{},", which returns ",[15,126079,41899],{},[1003,126081,126083],{"id":126082},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126085,126086],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[131,126088,1643],{"id":1642},[30,126090,126091,126095,126101,126106,126114,126118],{},[33,126092,126093],{},[166,126094,124866],{"href":173},[33,126096,126097],{},[166,126098,1686,126099,1689],{"href":41948},[15,126100,47454],{},[33,126102,126103],{},[166,126104,126105],{"href":123045},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126107,126108],{},[166,126109,1570,126111,1573],{"href":126110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,126112,126113],{},"format()",[33,126115,126116],{},[166,126117,125552],{"href":125551},[33,126119,126120],{},[166,126121,90175],{"href":90174},[1696,126123,126124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":126126},[126127,126128,126129,126130,126131,126132,126133,126134,126135,126144,126151],{"id":14942,"depth":80,"text":14943},{"id":124707,"depth":80,"text":124708},{"id":124869,"depth":80,"text":124870},{"id":124944,"depth":80,"text":124945},{"id":125044,"depth":80,"text":125045},{"id":125149,"depth":80,"text":125150},{"id":125327,"depth":80,"text":125328},{"id":125444,"depth":80,"text":125445},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":126136},[126137,126138,126139,126140,126142,126143],{"id":89982,"depth":102,"text":89983},{"id":125617,"depth":102,"text":125618},{"id":125700,"depth":102,"text":125701},{"id":125764,"depth":102,"text":126141},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125870,"depth":102,"text":125871},{"id":60482,"depth":102,"text":60483},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":126145},[126146,126147,126148,126149,126150],{"id":126039,"depth":102,"text":126040},{"id":126051,"depth":102,"text":126052},{"id":126058,"depth":102,"text":126059},{"id":126068,"depth":102,"text":126069},{"id":126082,"depth":102,"text":126083},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124569,"description":126152},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126159,"title":126160,"body":126161,"description":128074,"extension":1733,"meta":128075,"navigation":248,"path":128076,"seo":128077,"stem":128078,"__hash__":128079},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126162,"toc":128035},[126163,126169,126174,126182,126184,126251,126253,126265,126274,126279,126283,126300,126302,126367,126369,126381,126386,126388,126416,126437,126440,126479,126481,126489,126493,126497,126501,126509,126512,126553,126555,126563,126566,126623,126625,126633,126637,126642,126686,126688,126696,126705,126709,126714,126762,126764,126772,126778,126780,126784,126796,126801,126880,126882,126902,126906,126910,126950,126952,126960,126964,127007,127009,127017,127021,127061,127063,127071,127075,127131,127133,127141,127147,127149,127153,127163,127230,127232,127245,127252,127295,127297,127305,127309,127312,127368,127370,127378,127381,127383,127460,127462,127470,127479,127481,127485,127489,127491,127513,127516,127563,127567,127606,127608,127616,127618,127660,127667,127672,127734,127736,127748,127754,127759,127808,127810,127829,127835,127837,127856,127858,127949,127951,127957,127964,127970,127976,127981,127989,127996,128004,128006,128032],[10,126164,13,126166,18],{"id":126165},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126167,126168],{},"endswith()",[20,126170,22,126171,126173],{},[15,126172,126168],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126175,126176,126177,2651,126179,126181],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126178,3380],{},[15,126180,3452],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[131,126183,1775],{"id":1774},[46,126185,126187],{"className":48,"code":126186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126188,126189,126203,126228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126190,126191,126194,126196,126198,126201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126192,126193],{"class":61},"filename ",[55,126195,66],{"class":65},[55,126197,70],{"class":69},[55,126199,126200],{"class":73},"report.csv",[55,126202,77],{"class":69},[55,126204,126205,126207,126209,126212,126214,126217,126219,126221,126224,126226],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126206,106],{"class":105},[55,126208,109],{"class":91},[55,126210,126211],{"class":95},"filename",[55,126213,92],{"class":91},[55,126215,126216],{"class":95},"endswith",[55,126218,109],{"class":91},[55,126220,228],{"class":69},[55,126222,126223],{"class":73},".csv",[55,126225,228],{"class":69},[55,126227,1273],{"class":91},[55,126229,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244,126247,126249],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,126231,106],{"class":105},[55,126233,109],{"class":91},[55,126235,126211],{"class":95},[55,126237,92],{"class":91},[55,126239,126216],{"class":95},[55,126241,109],{"class":91},[55,126243,228],{"class":69},[55,126245,126246],{"class":73},".txt",[55,126248,228],{"class":69},[55,126250,1273],{"class":91},[20,126252,357],{},[46,126254,126255],{"className":48,"code":43946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126256,126257,126261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126258,126259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126260,3760],{"class":3631},[55,126262,126263],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126264,3821],{"class":3631},[20,126266,1866,126267,5153,126269,2651,126271,126273],{},[15,126268,126168],{},[15,126270,3380],{},[15,126272,3452],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[131,126275,134,126277,137],{"id":126276},"what-endswith-does",[15,126278,126168],{},[20,126280,126281,539],{},[15,126282,126168],{},[30,126284,126285,126288,126294,126297],{},[33,126286,126287],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126289,11204,126290,2651,126292],{},[15,126291,3380],{},[15,126293,3452],{},[33,126295,126296],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126298,126299],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126301,214],{},[46,126303,126305],{"className":48,"code":126304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126306,126307,126319,126323,126345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126308,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126310,62],{"class":61},[55,126312,66],{"class":65},[55,126314,70],{"class":69},[55,126316,60179],{"class":73},[55,126318,77],{"class":69},[55,126320,126321],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126322,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,126324,126325,126327,126329,126331,126333,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,126326,106],{"class":105},[55,126328,109],{"class":91},[55,126330,352],{"class":95},[55,126332,92],{"class":91},[55,126334,126216],{"class":95},[55,126336,109],{"class":91},[55,126338,228],{"class":69},[55,126340,60364],{"class":73},[55,126342,228],{"class":69},[55,126344,1273],{"class":91},[55,126346,126347,126349,126351,126353,126355,126357,126359,126361,126363,126365],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,126348,106],{"class":105},[55,126350,109],{"class":91},[55,126352,352],{"class":95},[55,126354,92],{"class":91},[55,126356,126216],{"class":95},[55,126358,109],{"class":91},[55,126360,228],{"class":69},[55,126362,3624],{"class":73},[55,126364,228],{"class":69},[55,126366,1273],{"class":91},[20,126368,357],{},[46,126370,126371],{"className":48,"code":43946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126372,126373,126377],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126374,126375],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126376,3760],{"class":3631},[55,126378,126379],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126380,3821],{"class":3631},[20,126382,126383,126384,92],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[166,126385,124866],{"href":173},[131,126387,178],{"id":177},[46,126389,126391],{"className":48,"code":126390,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126392,126393],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126394,126395,126397,126399,126401,126403,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126396,191],{"class":61},[55,126398,92],{"class":91},[55,126400,126216],{"class":95},[55,126402,109],{"class":91},[55,126404,126405],{"class":95},"suffix",[55,126407,2764],{"class":91},[55,126409,35821],{"class":95},[55,126411,2764],{"class":91},[55,126413,64813],{"class":95},[55,126415,342],{"class":91},[30,126417,126418,126423,126430],{},[33,126419,126420,126422],{},[15,126421,126405],{}," is required",[33,126424,126425,1377,126427,126429],{},[15,126426,35842],{},[15,126428,52431],{}," are optional",[33,126431,126432,1377,126434,126436],{},[15,126433,35842],{},[15,126435,52431],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126438,126439],{},"Basic example:",[46,126441,126443],{"className":48,"code":126442,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126444,126445,126457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126446,126447,126449,126451,126453,126455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126448,126193],{"class":61},[55,126450,66],{"class":65},[55,126452,70],{"class":69},[55,126454,86667],{"class":73},[55,126456,77],{"class":69},[55,126458,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469,126471,126473,126475,126477],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126460,106],{"class":105},[55,126462,109],{"class":91},[55,126464,126211],{"class":95},[55,126466,92],{"class":91},[55,126468,126216],{"class":95},[55,126470,109],{"class":91},[55,126472,228],{"class":69},[55,126474,126246],{"class":73},[55,126476,228],{"class":69},[55,126478,1273],{"class":91},[20,126480,357],{},[46,126482,126483],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126484,126485],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126486,126487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126488,3760],{"class":3631},[131,126490,126492],{"id":126491},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1003,126494,126495],{"id":126405},[15,126496,126405],{},[20,126498,126499,30522],{},[15,126500,126405],{},[30,126502,126503,126506],{},[33,126504,126505],{},"A single string",[33,126507,126508],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126510,126511],{},"Single suffix:",[46,126513,126515],{"className":48,"code":126514,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126516,126517,126530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126518,126519,126521,126523,126525,126528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126520,254],{"class":61},[55,126522,66],{"class":65},[55,126524,70],{"class":69},[55,126526,126527],{"class":73},"image.png",[55,126529,77],{"class":69},[55,126531,126532,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544,126546,126549,126551],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126533,106],{"class":105},[55,126535,109],{"class":91},[55,126537,273],{"class":95},[55,126539,92],{"class":91},[55,126541,126216],{"class":95},[55,126543,109],{"class":91},[55,126545,228],{"class":69},[55,126547,126548],{"class":73},".png",[55,126550,228],{"class":69},[55,126552,1273],{"class":91},[20,126554,357],{},[46,126556,126557],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126558,126559],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126560,126561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126562,3760],{"class":3631},[20,126564,126565],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[46,126567,126569],{"className":48,"code":126568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126570,126571,126583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126572,126573,126575,126577,126579,126581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126574,254],{"class":61},[55,126576,66],{"class":65},[55,126578,70],{"class":69},[55,126580,126527],{"class":73},[55,126582,77],{"class":69},[55,126584,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126602,126604,126606,126608,126610,126612,126614,126616,126619,126621],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126586,106],{"class":105},[55,126588,109],{"class":91},[55,126590,273],{"class":95},[55,126592,92],{"class":91},[55,126594,126216],{"class":95},[55,126596,5295],{"class":91},[55,126598,228],{"class":69},[55,126600,126601],{"class":73},".jpg",[55,126603,228],{"class":69},[55,126605,2764],{"class":91},[55,126607,70],{"class":69},[55,126609,126548],{"class":73},[55,126611,228],{"class":69},[55,126613,2764],{"class":91},[55,126615,70],{"class":69},[55,126617,126618],{"class":73},".gif",[55,126620,228],{"class":69},[55,126622,2685],{"class":91},[20,126624,357],{},[46,126626,126627],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126628,126629],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126630,126631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126632,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,126634,126635],{"id":35842},[15,126636,35842],{},[20,126638,126639,126641],{},[15,126640,35842],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[46,126643,126645],{"className":48,"code":126644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126646,126647,126660],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126648,126649,126651,126653,126655,126658],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126650,62],{"class":61},[55,126652,66],{"class":65},[55,126654,70],{"class":69},[55,126656,126657],{"class":73},"my_report.csv",[55,126659,77],{"class":69},[55,126661,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680,126682,126684],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126663,106],{"class":105},[55,126665,109],{"class":91},[55,126667,352],{"class":95},[55,126669,92],{"class":91},[55,126671,126216],{"class":95},[55,126673,109],{"class":91},[55,126675,228],{"class":69},[55,126677,126223],{"class":73},[55,126679,228],{"class":69},[55,126681,2764],{"class":91},[55,126683,2223],{"class":1210},[55,126685,1273],{"class":91},[20,126687,357],{},[46,126689,126690],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126691,126692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126693,126694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126695,3760],{"class":3631},[20,126697,126698,126699,126701,126702,92],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126700,1835],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126703,126704],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1003,126706,126707],{"id":52431},[15,126708,52431],{},[20,126710,126711,126713],{},[15,126712,52431],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[46,126715,126717],{"className":48,"code":126716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126718,126719,126732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126720,126721,126723,126725,126727,126730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126722,62],{"class":61},[55,126724,66],{"class":65},[55,126726,70],{"class":69},[55,126728,126729],{"class":73},"report.csv backup",[55,126731,77],{"class":69},[55,126733,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126735,106],{"class":105},[55,126737,109],{"class":91},[55,126739,352],{"class":95},[55,126741,92],{"class":91},[55,126743,126216],{"class":95},[55,126745,109],{"class":91},[55,126747,228],{"class":69},[55,126749,126223],{"class":73},[55,126751,228],{"class":69},[55,126753,2764],{"class":91},[55,126755,3612],{"class":1210},[55,126757,2764],{"class":91},[55,126759,5790],{"class":1210},[55,126761,1273],{"class":91},[20,126763,357],{},[46,126765,126766],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126767,126768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126769,126770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126771,3760],{"class":3631},[20,126773,126774,126775,126777],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126776,126704],{}," and ignores the rest.",[131,126779,446],{"id":445},[20,126781,126782,25283],{},[15,126783,126168],{},[30,126785,126786,126791],{},[33,126787,126788,126790],{},[15,126789,3380],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126792,126793,126795],{},[15,126794,3452],{}," if it does not",[20,126797,126798,126799,6958],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126800,488],{},[46,126802,126804],{"className":48,"code":126803,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126805,126806,126819,126823,126844,126859,126865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126807,126808,126810,126812,126814,126817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126809,126193],{"class":61},[55,126811,66],{"class":65},[55,126813,70],{"class":69},[55,126815,126816],{"class":73},"data.csv",[55,126818,77],{"class":69},[55,126820,126821],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126822,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,126824,126825,126827,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,126826,488],{"class":487},[55,126828,126829],{"class":61}," filename",[55,126831,92],{"class":91},[55,126833,126216],{"class":95},[55,126835,109],{"class":91},[55,126837,228],{"class":69},[55,126839,126223],{"class":73},[55,126841,228],{"class":69},[55,126843,8124],{"class":91},[55,126845,126846,126848,126850,126852,126855,126857],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,126847,516],{"class":105},[55,126849,109],{"class":91},[55,126851,228],{"class":69},[55,126853,126854],{"class":73},"This is a CSV file.",[55,126856,228],{"class":69},[55,126858,342],{"class":91},[55,126860,126861,126863],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,126862,610],{"class":487},[55,126864,511],{"class":91},[55,126866,126867,126869,126871,126873,126876,126878],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,126868,516],{"class":105},[55,126870,109],{"class":91},[55,126872,228],{"class":69},[55,126874,126875],{"class":73},"This is not a CSV file.",[55,126877,228],{"class":69},[55,126879,342],{"class":91},[20,126881,357],{},[46,126883,126885],{"className":48,"code":126884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126886,126887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126888,126889,126891,126893,126895,126898,126900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126890,49650],{"class":61},[55,126892,11974],{"class":65},[55,126894,44316],{"class":61},[55,126896,126897],{"class":375},"CSV",[55,126899,86408],{"class":86407},[55,126901,122153],{"class":91},[131,126903,126905],{"id":126904},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1003,126907,126909],{"id":126908},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[46,126911,126913],{"className":48,"code":126912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126914,126915,126928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126916,126917,126919,126921,126923,126926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126918,126193],{"class":61},[55,126920,66],{"class":65},[55,126922,70],{"class":69},[55,126924,126925],{"class":73},"sales.csv",[55,126927,77],{"class":69},[55,126929,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944,126946,126948],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126931,106],{"class":105},[55,126933,109],{"class":91},[55,126935,126211],{"class":95},[55,126937,92],{"class":91},[55,126939,126216],{"class":95},[55,126941,109],{"class":91},[55,126943,228],{"class":69},[55,126945,126223],{"class":73},[55,126947,228],{"class":69},[55,126949,1273],{"class":91},[20,126951,357],{},[46,126953,126954],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,126955,126956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126957,126958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126959,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,126961,126963],{"id":126962},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[46,126965,126967],{"className":48,"code":126966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126968,126969,126983],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126970,126971,126974,126976,126978,126981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126972,126973],{"class":61},"url ",[55,126975,66],{"class":65},[55,126977,70],{"class":69},[55,126979,126980],{"class":73},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[55,126982,77],{"class":69},[55,126984,126985,126987,126989,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127003,127005],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,126986,106],{"class":105},[55,126988,109],{"class":91},[55,126990,126991],{"class":95},"url",[55,126993,92],{"class":91},[55,126995,126216],{"class":95},[55,126997,109],{"class":91},[55,126999,228],{"class":69},[55,127001,127002],{"class":73},"\u002F",[55,127004,228],{"class":69},[55,127006,1273],{"class":91},[20,127008,357],{},[46,127010,127011],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127012,127013],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127014,127015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127016,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,127018,127020],{"id":127019},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[46,127022,127024],{"className":48,"code":127023,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127025,127026,127039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127027,127028,127030,127032,127034,127037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127029,758],{"class":61},[55,127031,66],{"class":65},[55,127033,70],{"class":69},[55,127035,127036],{"class":73},"Hello!",[55,127038,77],{"class":69},[55,127040,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127042,106],{"class":105},[55,127044,109],{"class":91},[55,127046,89793],{"class":95},[55,127048,92],{"class":91},[55,127050,126216],{"class":95},[55,127052,109],{"class":91},[55,127054,228],{"class":69},[55,127056,89618],{"class":73},[55,127058,228],{"class":69},[55,127060,1273],{"class":91},[20,127062,357],{},[46,127064,127065],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127066,127067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127068,127069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127070,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,127072,127074],{"id":127073},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[46,127076,127078],{"className":48,"code":127077,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127079,127080,127093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127081,127082,127084,127086,127088,127091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127083,126193],{"class":61},[55,127085,66],{"class":65},[55,127087,70],{"class":69},[55,127089,127090],{"class":73},"photo.jpg",[55,127092,77],{"class":69},[55,127094,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127096,106],{"class":105},[55,127098,109],{"class":91},[55,127100,126211],{"class":95},[55,127102,92],{"class":91},[55,127104,126216],{"class":95},[55,127106,5295],{"class":91},[55,127108,228],{"class":69},[55,127110,126601],{"class":73},[55,127112,228],{"class":69},[55,127114,2764],{"class":91},[55,127116,70],{"class":69},[55,127118,126548],{"class":73},[55,127120,228],{"class":69},[55,127122,2764],{"class":91},[55,127124,70],{"class":69},[55,127126,126618],{"class":73},[55,127128,228],{"class":69},[55,127130,2685],{"class":91},[20,127132,357],{},[46,127134,127135],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127136,127137],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127138,127139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127140,3760],{"class":3631},[20,127142,127143,127144,92],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[166,127145,127146],{"href":1674},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[131,127148,123764],{"id":123763},[20,127150,127151,123575],{},[15,127152,126168],{},[20,127154,127155,127156,1377,127159,127162],{},"That means ",[15,127157,127158],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127160,127161],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[46,127164,127166],{"className":48,"code":127165,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127167,127168,127181,127185,127207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127169,127170,127172,127174,127176,127179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127171,126193],{"class":61},[55,127173,66],{"class":65},[55,127175,70],{"class":69},[55,127177,127178],{"class":73},"REPORT.CSV",[55,127180,77],{"class":69},[55,127182,127183],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127184,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,127186,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127197,127199,127201,127203,127205],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,127188,106],{"class":105},[55,127190,109],{"class":91},[55,127192,126211],{"class":95},[55,127194,92],{"class":91},[55,127196,126216],{"class":95},[55,127198,109],{"class":91},[55,127200,228],{"class":69},[55,127202,126223],{"class":73},[55,127204,228],{"class":69},[55,127206,1273],{"class":91},[55,127208,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127226,127228],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,127210,106],{"class":105},[55,127212,109],{"class":91},[55,127214,126211],{"class":95},[55,127216,92],{"class":91},[55,127218,126216],{"class":95},[55,127220,109],{"class":91},[55,127222,228],{"class":69},[55,127224,127225],{"class":73},".CSV",[55,127227,228],{"class":69},[55,127229,1273],{"class":91},[20,127231,357],{},[46,127233,127235],{"className":48,"code":127234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127236,127237,127241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127238,127239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127240,3821],{"class":3631},[55,127242,127243],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127244,3760],{"class":3631},[20,127246,127247,127248,92],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[166,127249,127250],{"href":123844},[15,127251,17],{},[46,127253,127255],{"className":48,"code":127254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127256,127257,127269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127258,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127260,126193],{"class":61},[55,127262,66],{"class":65},[55,127264,70],{"class":69},[55,127266,127178],{"class":73},[55,127268,77],{"class":69},[55,127270,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127272,106],{"class":105},[55,127274,109],{"class":91},[55,127276,126211],{"class":95},[55,127278,92],{"class":91},[55,127280,96],{"class":95},[55,127282,857],{"class":91},[55,127284,126216],{"class":95},[55,127286,109],{"class":91},[55,127288,228],{"class":69},[55,127290,126223],{"class":73},[55,127292,228],{"class":69},[55,127294,1273],{"class":91},[20,127296,357],{},[46,127298,127299],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127300,127301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127302,127303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127304,3760],{"class":3631},[131,127306,127308],{"id":127307},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127310,127311],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[46,127313,127315],{"className":48,"code":127314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127316,127317,127330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127318,127319,127321,127323,127325,127328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127320,126193],{"class":61},[55,127322,66],{"class":65},[55,127324,70],{"class":69},[55,127326,127327],{"class":73},"picture.gif",[55,127329,77],{"class":69},[55,127331,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127333,106],{"class":105},[55,127335,109],{"class":91},[55,127337,126211],{"class":95},[55,127339,92],{"class":91},[55,127341,126216],{"class":95},[55,127343,5295],{"class":91},[55,127345,228],{"class":69},[55,127347,126601],{"class":73},[55,127349,228],{"class":69},[55,127351,2764],{"class":91},[55,127353,70],{"class":69},[55,127355,126548],{"class":73},[55,127357,228],{"class":69},[55,127359,2764],{"class":91},[55,127361,70],{"class":69},[55,127363,126618],{"class":73},[55,127365,228],{"class":69},[55,127367,2685],{"class":91},[20,127369,357],{},[46,127371,127372],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127373,127374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127375,127376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127377,3760],{"class":3631},[20,127379,127380],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127382,51850],{},[46,127384,127386],{"className":48,"code":127385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127387,127388,127401,127436,127440],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127389,127390,127393,127395,127397,127399],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127391,127392],{"class":61},"document ",[55,127394,66],{"class":65},[55,127396,70],{"class":69},[55,127398,86667],{"class":73},[55,127400,77],{"class":69},[55,127402,127403,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127423,127425,127427,127429,127432,127434],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127404,127405],{"class":61},"allowed ",[55,127407,66],{"class":65},[55,127409,9016],{"class":91},[55,127411,228],{"class":69},[55,127413,126246],{"class":73},[55,127415,228],{"class":69},[55,127417,2764],{"class":91},[55,127419,70],{"class":69},[55,127421,127422],{"class":73},".md",[55,127424,228],{"class":69},[55,127426,2764],{"class":91},[55,127428,70],{"class":69},[55,127430,127431],{"class":73},".docx",[55,127433,228],{"class":69},[55,127435,342],{"class":91},[55,127437,127438],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,127439,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,127441,127442,127444,127446,127449,127451,127453,127455,127458],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,127443,106],{"class":105},[55,127445,109],{"class":91},[55,127447,127448],{"class":95},"document",[55,127450,92],{"class":91},[55,127452,126216],{"class":95},[55,127454,109],{"class":91},[55,127456,127457],{"class":95},"allowed",[55,127459,1273],{"class":91},[20,127461,357],{},[46,127463,127464],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127465,127466],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127467,127468],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127469,3760],{"class":3631},[20,127471,127472,127473,92],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[166,127474,1570,127476,1573],{"href":127475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127477,127478],{},"startswith()",[131,127480,1001],{"id":1000},[20,127482,8229,127483,92],{},[15,127484,126168],{},[1003,127486,127488],{"id":127487},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127490,4308],{},[46,127492,127494],{"className":48,"code":127493,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127495,127496,127508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127497,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127499,126193],{"class":61},[55,127501,66],{"class":65},[55,127503,70],{"class":69},[55,127505,127090],{"class":73},[55,127507,77],{"class":69},[55,127509,127510],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127511,127512],{"class":118},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127514,127515],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[46,127517,127519],{"className":48,"code":127518,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127520,127521,127533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127522,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127524,126193],{"class":61},[55,127526,66],{"class":65},[55,127528,70],{"class":69},[55,127530,127090],{"class":73},[55,127532,77],{"class":69},[55,127534,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127536,106],{"class":105},[55,127538,109],{"class":91},[55,127540,126211],{"class":95},[55,127542,92],{"class":91},[55,127544,126216],{"class":95},[55,127546,5295],{"class":91},[55,127548,228],{"class":69},[55,127550,126601],{"class":73},[55,127552,228],{"class":69},[55,127554,2764],{"class":91},[55,127556,70],{"class":69},[55,127558,126548],{"class":73},[55,127560,228],{"class":69},[55,127562,2685],{"class":91},[1003,127564,127566],{"id":127565},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[46,127568,127570],{"className":48,"code":127569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127571,127572,127584],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127573,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127575,126193],{"class":61},[55,127577,66],{"class":65},[55,127579,70],{"class":69},[55,127581,127178],{"class":73},[55,127583,77],{"class":69},[55,127585,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127587,106],{"class":105},[55,127589,109],{"class":91},[55,127591,126211],{"class":95},[55,127593,92],{"class":91},[55,127595,126216],{"class":95},[55,127597,109],{"class":91},[55,127599,228],{"class":69},[55,127601,126223],{"class":73},[55,127603,228],{"class":69},[55,127605,1273],{"class":91},[20,127607,357],{},[46,127609,127610],{"className":48,"code":3821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127611,127612],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127613,127614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127615,3821],{"class":3631},[20,127617,39034],{},[46,127619,127620],{"className":48,"code":127254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127621,127622,127634],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127623,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127625,126193],{"class":61},[55,127627,66],{"class":65},[55,127629,70],{"class":69},[55,127631,127178],{"class":73},[55,127633,77],{"class":69},[55,127635,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654,127656,127658],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127637,106],{"class":105},[55,127639,109],{"class":91},[55,127641,126211],{"class":95},[55,127643,92],{"class":91},[55,127645,96],{"class":95},[55,127647,857],{"class":91},[55,127649,126216],{"class":95},[55,127651,109],{"class":91},[55,127653,228],{"class":69},[55,127655,126223],{"class":73},[55,127657,228],{"class":69},[55,127659,1273],{"class":91},[1003,127661,36975,127663,8483,127665],{"id":127662},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127664,126168],{},[15,127666,3662],{},[20,127668,127669,127671],{},[15,127670,126168],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[46,127673,127675],{"className":48,"code":127674,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127676,127677,127690,127694,127716],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127678,127679,127681,127683,127685,127688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127680,62],{"class":61},[55,127682,66],{"class":65},[55,127684,70],{"class":69},[55,127686,127687],{"class":73},"my_report.csv.backup",[55,127689,77],{"class":69},[55,127691,127692],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127693,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,127695,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712,127714],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,127697,106],{"class":105},[55,127699,109],{"class":91},[55,127701,352],{"class":95},[55,127703,92],{"class":91},[55,127705,126216],{"class":95},[55,127707,109],{"class":91},[55,127709,228],{"class":69},[55,127711,126223],{"class":73},[55,127713,228],{"class":69},[55,127715,1273],{"class":91},[55,127717,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,127719,106],{"class":105},[55,127721,109],{"class":91},[55,127723,228],{"class":69},[55,127725,126223],{"class":73},[55,127727,228],{"class":69},[55,127729,784],{"class":487},[55,127731,88],{"class":95},[55,127733,342],{"class":91},[20,127735,357],{},[46,127737,127738],{"className":48,"code":127234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,127739,127740,127744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127741,127742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127743,3821],{"class":3631},[55,127745,127746],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127747,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,127749,8235,127751,127753],{"id":127750},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127752,126168],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127755,127756,127758],{},[15,127757,126168],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[46,127760,127762],{"className":48,"code":127761,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127763,127764,127776,127798],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127765,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127767,126193],{"class":61},[55,127769,66],{"class":65},[55,127771,70],{"class":69},[55,127773,126200],{"class":73},[55,127775,77],{"class":69},[55,127777,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127779,106],{"class":105},[55,127781,109],{"class":91},[55,127783,126211],{"class":95},[55,127785,92],{"class":91},[55,127787,126216],{"class":95},[55,127789,109],{"class":91},[55,127791,228],{"class":69},[55,127793,126223],{"class":73},[55,127795,228],{"class":69},[55,127797,1273],{"class":91},[55,127799,127800,127802,127804,127806],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,127801,106],{"class":105},[55,127803,109],{"class":91},[55,127805,126211],{"class":95},[55,127807,342],{"class":91},[20,127809,357],{},[46,127811,127813],{"className":48,"code":127812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127814,127815,127819],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127816,127817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127818,3760],{"class":3631},[55,127820,127821,127824,127826],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127822,127823],{"class":61},"report",[55,127825,92],{"class":91},[55,127827,127828],{"class":1047},"csv\n",[20,127830,127831,127832,92],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[166,127833,127834],{"href":124284},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127836,65836],{},[30,127838,127839,127842,127845,127848],{},[33,127840,127841],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,127843,127844],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,127846,127847],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,127849,1185,127850,44401,127852,2651,127854,111318],{},[15,127851,126168],{},[15,127853,1669],{},[15,127855,821],{},[20,127857,29907],{},[46,127859,127861],{"className":48,"code":127860,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127862,127863,127873,127887,127909,127935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127864,127865,127867,127869,127871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127866,106],{"class":105},[55,127868,109],{"class":91},[55,127870,352],{"class":95},[55,127872,342],{"class":91},[55,127874,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,127876,106],{"class":105},[55,127878,109],{"class":91},[55,127880,41552],{"class":105},[55,127882,109],{"class":91},[55,127884,352],{"class":95},[55,127886,1273],{"class":91},[55,127888,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,127890,106],{"class":105},[55,127892,109],{"class":91},[55,127894,352],{"class":95},[55,127896,92],{"class":91},[55,127898,126216],{"class":95},[55,127900,109],{"class":91},[55,127902,3077],{"class":69},[55,127904,126223],{"class":73},[55,127906,3077],{"class":69},[55,127908,1273],{"class":91},[55,127910,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931,127933],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,127912,106],{"class":105},[55,127914,109],{"class":91},[55,127916,352],{"class":95},[55,127918,92],{"class":91},[55,127920,96],{"class":95},[55,127922,857],{"class":91},[55,127924,126216],{"class":95},[55,127926,109],{"class":91},[55,127928,3077],{"class":69},[55,127930,126223],{"class":73},[55,127932,3077],{"class":69},[55,127934,1273],{"class":91},[55,127936,127937,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,127938,106],{"class":105},[55,127940,109],{"class":91},[55,127942,1266],{"class":1265},[55,127944,109],{"class":91},[55,127946,352],{"class":95},[55,127948,1273],{"class":91},[131,127950,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,127952,1581,127954,127956],{"id":127953},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127955,126168],{}," change the string?",[20,127958,127959,127960,2651,127962,92],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127961,3380],{},[15,127963,3452],{},[1003,127965,4953,127967,127969],{"id":127966},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127968,126168],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127971,127972,127973,92],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127974,127975],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1003,127977,14683,127979,124450],{"id":127978},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127980,126168],{},[20,127982,127983,127984,2651,127986,127988],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127985,17],{},[15,127987,1480],{}," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1003,127990,1626,127992,1377,127994,1631],{"id":127991},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127993,126168],{},[15,127995,124111],{},[20,127997,127998,128000,128001,128003],{},[15,127999,126168],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128002,124111],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[131,128005,1643],{"id":1642},[30,128007,128008,128014,128020,128024,128028],{},[33,128009,128010],{},[166,128011,1570,128012,1573],{"href":127475},[15,128013,127478],{},[33,128015,128016],{},[166,128017,1570,128018,1573],{"href":123844},[15,128019,17],{},[33,128021,128022],{},[166,128023,1675],{"href":1674},[33,128025,128026],{},[166,128027,124519],{"href":124284},[33,128029,128030],{},[166,128031,124866],{"href":173},[1696,128033,128034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":128036},[128037,128038,128040,128041,128046,128047,128053,128054,128055,128063,128073],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":126276,"depth":80,"text":128039},"What endswith() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":126491,"depth":80,"text":126492,"children":128042},[128043,128044,128045],{"id":126405,"depth":102,"text":126405},{"id":35842,"depth":102,"text":35842},{"id":52431,"depth":102,"text":52431},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":126904,"depth":80,"text":126905,"children":128048},[128049,128050,128051,128052],{"id":126908,"depth":102,"text":126909},{"id":126962,"depth":102,"text":126963},{"id":127019,"depth":102,"text":127020},{"id":127073,"depth":102,"text":127074},{"id":123763,"depth":80,"text":123764},{"id":127307,"depth":80,"text":127308},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":128056},[128057,128058,128059,128061],{"id":127487,"depth":102,"text":127488},{"id":127565,"depth":102,"text":127566},{"id":127662,"depth":102,"text":128060},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127750,"depth":102,"text":128062},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":128064},[128065,128067,128069,128071],{"id":127953,"depth":102,"text":128066},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127966,"depth":102,"text":128068},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127978,"depth":102,"text":128070},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127991,"depth":102,"text":128072},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126160,"description":128074},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128081,"title":128082,"body":128083,"description":129749,"extension":1733,"meta":129750,"navigation":248,"path":129751,"seo":129752,"stem":129753,"__hash__":129754},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128084,"toc":129722},[128085,128090,128095,128100,128105,128198,128208,128213,128218,128233,128235,128317,128325,128327,128329,128356,128358,128374,128381,128383,128491,128493,128498,128514,128516,128611,128619,128622,128628,128633,128638,128645,128784,128787,128800,128802,128806,128813,128882,128885,128934,128941,128948,128962,128967,128972,129018,129064,129080,129082,129087,129101,129104,129226,129231,129233,129238,129271,129274,129350,129352,129361,129375,129378,129462,129465,129576,129579,129607,129609,129616,129620,129626,129629,129635,129638,129645,129656,129662,129669,129671,129719],[10,128086,13,128088,18],{"id":128087},"python-string-find-method",[15,128089,124111],{},[20,128091,22,128092,128094],{},[15,128093,124111],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128096,128097,128098,92],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128099,65627],{},[20,128101,1866,128102,128104],{},[15,128103,124111],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[46,128106,128108],{"className":48,"code":128107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128109,128110,128122,128145,128158,128162,128185],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128111,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128113,62],{"class":61},[55,128115,66],{"class":65},[55,128117,70],{"class":69},[55,128119,60179],{"class":73},[55,128121,77],{"class":69},[55,128123,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128125,64692],{"class":61},[55,128127,66],{"class":65},[55,128129,88],{"class":61},[55,128131,92],{"class":91},[55,128133,128134],{"class":95},"find",[55,128136,109],{"class":91},[55,128138,228],{"class":69},[55,128140,60364],{"class":73},[55,128142,228],{"class":69},[55,128144,342],{"class":91},[55,128146,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128148,106],{"class":105},[55,128150,109],{"class":91},[55,128152,64719],{"class":95},[55,128154,115],{"class":91},[55,128156,128157],{"class":118},"   # 6\n",[55,128159,128160],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,128161,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128163,128164,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,128165,128166],{"class":61},"missing ",[55,128168,66],{"class":65},[55,128170,88],{"class":61},[55,128172,92],{"class":91},[55,128174,128134],{"class":95},[55,128176,109],{"class":91},[55,128178,228],{"class":69},[55,128180,50],{"class":73},[55,128182,228],{"class":69},[55,128184,342],{"class":91},[55,128186,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,128188,106],{"class":105},[55,128190,109],{"class":91},[55,128192,26546],{"class":95},[55,128194,115],{"class":91},[55,128196,128197],{"class":118},"    # -1\n",[43353,128199,128200],{},[20,128201,1866,128202,128204,128205,128207],{},[15,128203,124111],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128206,65627],{}," if the substring is not found.",[131,128209,134,128211,137],{"id":128210},"what-find-does",[15,128212,124111],{},[20,128214,128215,128217],{},[15,128216,124111],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128219,128220,128223,128226,128231],{},[33,128221,128222],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128224,128225],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128227,11204,128228,128230],{},[15,128229,65627],{}," if no match is found",[33,128232,126296],{},[20,128234,214],{},[46,128236,128238],{"className":48,"code":128237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128239,128240,128252,128256,128280,128304],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128241,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128243,62],{"class":61},[55,128245,66],{"class":65},[55,128247,70],{"class":69},[55,128249,3869],{"class":73},[55,128251,77],{"class":69},[55,128253,128254],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128255,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128257,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128259,106],{"class":105},[55,128261,109],{"class":91},[55,128263,352],{"class":95},[55,128265,92],{"class":91},[55,128267,128134],{"class":95},[55,128269,109],{"class":91},[55,128271,228],{"class":69},[55,128273,123211],{"class":73},[55,128275,228],{"class":69},[55,128277,5145],{"class":91},[55,128279,57417],{"class":118},[55,128281,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,128283,106],{"class":105},[55,128285,109],{"class":91},[55,128287,352],{"class":95},[55,128289,92],{"class":91},[55,128291,128134],{"class":95},[55,128293,109],{"class":91},[55,128295,228],{"class":69},[55,128297,1947],{"class":73},[55,128299,228],{"class":69},[55,128301,5145],{"class":91},[55,128303,128197],{"class":118},[55,128305,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,128307,106],{"class":105},[55,128309,109],{"class":91},[55,128311,352],{"class":95},[55,128313,115],{"class":91},[55,128315,128316],{"class":118},"              # banana\n",[20,128318,20549,128319,128322,128323,92],{},[15,128320,128321],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128324,1829],{},[131,128326,178],{"id":177},[20,128328,181],{},[46,128330,128332],{"className":48,"code":128331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128333,128334],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128335,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128337,191],{"class":61},[55,128339,92],{"class":91},[55,128341,128134],{"class":95},[55,128343,109],{"class":91},[55,128345,2245],{"class":95},[55,128347,2764],{"class":91},[55,128349,35821],{"class":95},[55,128351,2764],{"class":91},[55,128353,64813],{"class":95},[55,128355,342],{"class":91},[1003,128357,17173],{"id":17172},[30,128359,128360,128364,128369],{},[33,128361,128362,123310],{},[15,128363,2245],{},[33,128365,128366,128368],{},[15,128367,35842],{},": optional starting position",[33,128370,128371,128373],{},[15,128372,52431],{},": optional ending position",[20,128375,128376,1377,128378,128380],{},[15,128377,35842],{},[15,128379,52431],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128382,126439],{},[46,128384,128386],{"className":48,"code":128385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128387,128388,128400,128404,128429,128458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128389,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128391,62],{"class":61},[55,128393,66],{"class":65},[55,128395,70],{"class":69},[55,128397,60179],{"class":73},[55,128399,77],{"class":69},[55,128401,128402],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128403,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128405,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128407,106],{"class":105},[55,128409,109],{"class":91},[55,128411,352],{"class":95},[55,128413,92],{"class":91},[55,128415,128134],{"class":95},[55,128417,109],{"class":91},[55,128419,228],{"class":69},[55,128421,60246],{"class":73},[55,128423,228],{"class":69},[55,128425,5145],{"class":91},[55,128427,128428],{"class":118},"        # 4\n",[55,128430,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,128432,106],{"class":105},[55,128434,109],{"class":91},[55,128436,352],{"class":95},[55,128438,92],{"class":91},[55,128440,128134],{"class":95},[55,128442,109],{"class":91},[55,128444,228],{"class":69},[55,128446,60246],{"class":73},[55,128448,228],{"class":69},[55,128450,2764],{"class":91},[55,128452,4388],{"class":1210},[55,128454,5145],{"class":91},[55,128456,128457],{"class":118},"     # 7\n",[55,128459,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,128461,106],{"class":105},[55,128463,109],{"class":91},[55,128465,352],{"class":95},[55,128467,92],{"class":91},[55,128469,128134],{"class":95},[55,128471,109],{"class":91},[55,128473,228],{"class":69},[55,128475,60246],{"class":73},[55,128477,228],{"class":69},[55,128479,2764],{"class":91},[55,128481,4388],{"class":1210},[55,128483,2764],{"class":91},[55,128485,5779],{"class":1210},[55,128487,5145],{"class":91},[55,128489,128490],{"class":118},"  # -1\n",[131,128492,37792],{"id":37791},[20,128494,57316,128495,128497],{},[15,128496,124111],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128499,128500,128506,128509],{},[33,128501,128502,128503,128505],{},"A number ",[15,128504,1894],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128507,128508],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128510,128511,128513],{},[15,128512,65627],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128515,214],{},[46,128517,128519],{"className":48,"code":128518,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128520,128521,128533,128537,128562,128587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128522,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128524,62],{"class":61},[55,128526,66],{"class":65},[55,128528,70],{"class":69},[55,128530,50],{"class":73},[55,128532,77],{"class":69},[55,128534,128535],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128536,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128538,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128556,128558,128560],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128540,106],{"class":105},[55,128542,109],{"class":91},[55,128544,352],{"class":95},[55,128546,92],{"class":91},[55,128548,128134],{"class":95},[55,128550,109],{"class":91},[55,128552,228],{"class":69},[55,128554,128555],{"class":73},"py",[55,128557,228],{"class":69},[55,128559,5145],{"class":91},[55,128561,20546],{"class":118},[55,128563,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128581,128583,128585],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,128565,106],{"class":105},[55,128567,109],{"class":91},[55,128569,352],{"class":95},[55,128571,92],{"class":91},[55,128573,128134],{"class":95},[55,128575,109],{"class":91},[55,128577,228],{"class":69},[55,128579,128580],{"class":73},"th",[55,128582,228],{"class":69},[55,128584,5145],{"class":91},[55,128586,57417],{"class":118},[55,128588,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,128590,106],{"class":105},[55,128592,109],{"class":91},[55,128594,352],{"class":95},[55,128596,92],{"class":91},[55,128598,128134],{"class":95},[55,128600,109],{"class":91},[55,128602,228],{"class":69},[55,128604,21853],{"class":73},[55,128606,228],{"class":69},[55,128608,5145],{"class":91},[55,128610,128197],{"class":118},[20,128612,89680,128613,8238,128615,2651,128617,92],{},[15,128614,124111],{},[15,128616,3380],{},[15,128618,3452],{},[20,128620,128621],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[131,128623,1185,128624,1377,128626],{"id":65179},[15,128625,35842],{},[15,128627,52431],{},[20,128629,1866,128630,128632],{},[15,128631,35842],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128634,1866,128635,128637],{},[15,128636,52431],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128639,1750,128640,75235,128642,128644],{},[15,128641,52431],{},[123,128643,64842],{}," in the search.",[46,128646,128648],{"className":48,"code":128647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128649,128650,128663,128667,128691,128720,128752],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128651,128652,128654,128656,128658,128661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128653,62],{"class":61},[55,128655,66],{"class":65},[55,128657,70],{"class":69},[55,128659,128660],{"class":73},"one two three two",[55,128662,77],{"class":69},[55,128664,128665],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128666,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128668,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128670,106],{"class":105},[55,128672,109],{"class":91},[55,128674,352],{"class":95},[55,128676,92],{"class":91},[55,128678,128134],{"class":95},[55,128680,109],{"class":91},[55,128682,228],{"class":69},[55,128684,79044],{"class":73},[55,128686,228],{"class":69},[55,128688,5145],{"class":91},[55,128690,128428],{"class":118},[55,128692,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,128694,106],{"class":105},[55,128696,109],{"class":91},[55,128698,352],{"class":95},[55,128700,92],{"class":91},[55,128702,128134],{"class":95},[55,128704,109],{"class":91},[55,128706,228],{"class":69},[55,128708,79044],{"class":73},[55,128710,228],{"class":69},[55,128712,2764],{"class":91},[55,128714,4388],{"class":1210},[55,128716,5145],{"class":91},[55,128718,128719],{"class":118},"     # 14\n",[55,128721,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,128723,106],{"class":105},[55,128725,109],{"class":91},[55,128727,352],{"class":95},[55,128729,92],{"class":91},[55,128731,128134],{"class":95},[55,128733,109],{"class":91},[55,128735,228],{"class":69},[55,128737,79044],{"class":73},[55,128739,228],{"class":69},[55,128741,2764],{"class":91},[55,128743,3612],{"class":1210},[55,128745,2764],{"class":91},[55,128747,5779],{"class":1210},[55,128749,5145],{"class":91},[55,128751,50707],{"class":118},[55,128753,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,128755,106],{"class":105},[55,128757,109],{"class":91},[55,128759,352],{"class":95},[55,128761,92],{"class":91},[55,128763,128134],{"class":95},[55,128765,109],{"class":91},[55,128767,228],{"class":69},[55,128769,79044],{"class":73},[55,128771,228],{"class":69},[55,128773,2764],{"class":91},[55,128775,3612],{"class":1210},[55,128777,2764],{"class":91},[55,128779,2229],{"class":1210},[55,128781,5145],{"class":91},[55,128783,128490],{"class":118},[20,128785,128786],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128788,128789,128790,54840,128794,92],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[166,128791,128793],{"href":128792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[166,128795,128797,128799],{"href":128796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128798,60304],{}," string method",[131,128801,123764],{"id":123763},[20,128803,128804,123575],{},[15,128805,124111],{},[20,128807,127155,128808,1377,128810,128812],{},[15,128809,90187],{},[15,128811,64307],{}," are treated as different text.",[46,128814,128816],{"className":48,"code":128815,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128817,128818,128830,128834,128858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128819,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128821,62],{"class":61},[55,128823,66],{"class":65},[55,128825,70],{"class":69},[55,128827,1523],{"class":73},[55,128829,77],{"class":69},[55,128831,128832],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128833,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128835,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128837,106],{"class":105},[55,128839,109],{"class":91},[55,128841,352],{"class":95},[55,128843,92],{"class":91},[55,128845,128134],{"class":95},[55,128847,109],{"class":91},[55,128849,228],{"class":69},[55,128851,34637],{"class":73},[55,128853,228],{"class":69},[55,128855,5145],{"class":91},[55,128857,51017],{"class":118},[55,128859,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,128861,106],{"class":105},[55,128863,109],{"class":91},[55,128865,352],{"class":95},[55,128867,92],{"class":91},[55,128869,128134],{"class":95},[55,128871,109],{"class":91},[55,128873,228],{"class":69},[55,128875,3624],{"class":73},[55,128877,228],{"class":69},[55,128879,5145],{"class":91},[55,128881,128490],{"class":118},[20,128883,128884],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[46,128886,128888],{"className":48,"code":128887,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128889,128890,128902,128906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128891,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128893,62],{"class":61},[55,128895,66],{"class":65},[55,128897,70],{"class":69},[55,128899,1523],{"class":73},[55,128901,77],{"class":69},[55,128903,128904],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128905,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128907,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128909,106],{"class":105},[55,128911,109],{"class":91},[55,128913,352],{"class":95},[55,128915,92],{"class":91},[55,128917,96],{"class":95},[55,128919,857],{"class":91},[55,128921,128134],{"class":95},[55,128923,109],{"class":91},[55,128925,228],{"class":69},[55,128927,3624],{"class":73},[55,128929,228],{"class":69},[55,128931,5145],{"class":91},[55,128933,51017],{"class":118},[131,128935,128937,1477,128939],{"id":128936},"find-vs-index",[15,128938,124111],{},[15,128940,58740],{},[20,128942,128943,1377,128945,128947],{},[15,128944,124111],{},[15,128946,58740],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,128949,128950,128956],{},[33,128951,128952,2168,128954],{},[15,128953,124111],{},[15,128955,65627],{},[33,128957,128958,52265,128960],{},[15,128959,58740],{},[15,128961,40477],{},[20,128963,1866,128964,128966],{},[15,128965,124111],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128968,1866,128969,128971],{},[15,128970,58740],{}," when the value must exist.",[46,128973,128975],{"className":48,"code":128974,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128976,128977,128989,128993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128978,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128980,62],{"class":61},[55,128982,66],{"class":65},[55,128984,70],{"class":69},[55,128986,3624],{"class":73},[55,128988,77],{"class":69},[55,128990,128991],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,128992,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,128994,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,128996,106],{"class":105},[55,128998,109],{"class":91},[55,129000,352],{"class":95},[55,129002,92],{"class":91},[55,129004,128134],{"class":95},[55,129006,109],{"class":91},[55,129008,228],{"class":69},[55,129010,1947],{"class":73},[55,129012,228],{"class":69},[55,129014,5145],{"class":91},[55,129016,129017],{"class":118},"   # -1\n",[46,129019,129021],{"className":48,"code":129020,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129022,129023,129035,129039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129024,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129026,62],{"class":61},[55,129028,66],{"class":65},[55,129030,70],{"class":69},[55,129032,3624],{"class":73},[55,129034,77],{"class":69},[55,129036,129037],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,129038,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,129040,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,129042,106],{"class":105},[55,129044,109],{"class":91},[55,129046,352],{"class":95},[55,129048,92],{"class":91},[55,129050,35617],{"class":95},[55,129052,109],{"class":91},[55,129054,228],{"class":69},[55,129056,1947],{"class":73},[55,129058,228],{"class":69},[55,129060,5145],{"class":91},[55,129062,129063],{"class":118},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129065,129066,129067,129071,129072,129074,129075,92],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[166,129068,129069,128799],{"href":124136},[15,129070,58740],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129073,58740],{},", read ",[166,129076,25454,129077],{"href":73255},[15,129078,129079],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[131,129081,40819],{"id":40818},[20,129083,35176,129084,129086],{},[15,129085,124111],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129088,129089,129092,129095,129098],{},[33,129090,129091],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129093,129094],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129096,129097],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129099,129100],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129102,129103],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[46,129105,129107],{"className":48,"code":129106,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129108,129109,129122,129145,129149,129164,129180,129199,129213],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129110,129111,129113,129115,129117,129120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129112,62],{"class":61},[55,129114,66],{"class":65},[55,129116,70],{"class":69},[55,129118,129119],{"class":73},"name:Alice",[55,129121,77],{"class":69},[55,129123,129124,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,129125,129126],{"class":61},"colon_pos ",[55,129128,66],{"class":65},[55,129130,88],{"class":61},[55,129132,92],{"class":91},[55,129134,128134],{"class":95},[55,129136,109],{"class":91},[55,129138,228],{"class":69},[55,129140,539],{"class":73},[55,129142,228],{"class":69},[55,129144,342],{"class":91},[55,129146,129147],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,129148,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,129150,129151,129153,129156,129158,129160,129162],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,129152,488],{"class":487},[55,129154,129155],{"class":61}," colon_pos ",[55,129157,72365],{"class":65},[55,129159,1995],{"class":65},[55,129161,2761],{"class":1210},[55,129163,511],{"class":91},[55,129165,129166,129169,129171,129173,129175,129178],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,129167,129168],{"class":61},"    label ",[55,129170,66],{"class":65},[55,129172,88],{"class":61},[55,129174,75308],{"class":91},[55,129176,129177],{"class":61},"colon_pos",[55,129179,3413],{"class":91},[55,129181,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,129183,27174],{"class":61},[55,129185,66],{"class":65},[55,129187,88],{"class":61},[55,129189,3680],{"class":91},[55,129191,129126],{"class":61},[55,129193,1832],{"class":65},[55,129195,5282],{"class":1210},[55,129197,129198],{"class":91},":]\n",[55,129200,129201,129203,129205,129208,129210],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,129202,516],{"class":105},[55,129204,109],{"class":91},[55,129206,129207],{"class":95},"label",[55,129209,115],{"class":91},[55,129211,129212],{"class":118},"  # name\n",[55,129214,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,129216,516],{"class":105},[55,129218,109],{"class":91},[55,129220,2245],{"class":95},[55,129222,115],{"class":91},[55,129224,129225],{"class":118},"  # Alice\n",[20,129227,129228,129229,92],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[166,129230,127146],{"href":1674},[131,129232,1001],{"id":1000},[20,129234,129235,129236,539],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129237,124111],{},[30,129239,129240,129249,129255,129260,129266],{},[33,129241,8235,129242,8238,129244,2651,129246,129248],{},[15,129243,124111],{},[15,129245,3380],{},[15,129247,3452],{}," instead of an index",[33,129250,129251,129252,129254],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129253,65627],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129256,1185,129257,129259],{},[15,129258,124111],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129261,36975,129262,8483,129264],{},[15,129263,124111],{},[15,129265,58740],{},[33,129267,4362,129268,129270],{},[15,129269,124111],{}," changes the string",[20,129272,129273],{},"Example of a mistake:",[46,129275,129277],{"className":48,"code":129276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129278,129279,129291,129295,129315,129330,129336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129280,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129282,62],{"class":61},[55,129284,66],{"class":65},[55,129286,70],{"class":69},[55,129288,3624],{"class":73},[55,129290,77],{"class":69},[55,129292,129293],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,129294,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,129296,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,129298,488],{"class":487},[55,129300,88],{"class":61},[55,129302,92],{"class":91},[55,129304,128134],{"class":95},[55,129306,109],{"class":91},[55,129308,228],{"class":69},[55,129310,60211],{"class":73},[55,129312,228],{"class":69},[55,129314,8124],{"class":91},[55,129316,129317,129319,129321,129323,129326,129328],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,129318,516],{"class":105},[55,129320,109],{"class":91},[55,129322,228],{"class":69},[55,129324,129325],{"class":73},"Found",[55,129327,228],{"class":69},[55,129329,342],{"class":91},[55,129331,129332,129334],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,129333,610],{"class":487},[55,129335,511],{"class":91},[55,129337,129338,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,129339,516],{"class":105},[55,129341,109],{"class":91},[55,129343,228],{"class":69},[55,129345,26088],{"class":73},[55,129347,228],{"class":69},[55,129349,342],{"class":91},[20,129351,99682],{},[46,129353,129355],{"className":48,"code":129354,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Not found\n",[15,129356,129357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129358,129359],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129360,129354],{"class":61},[20,129362,45473,129363,129366,129367,16850,129369,129371,129372,129374],{},[15,129364,129365],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129368,1894],{},[15,129370,1894],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129373,488],{}," statement.",[20,129376,129377],{},"A safer version is:",[46,129379,129381],{"className":48,"code":129380,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129382,129383,129395,129399,129428,129442,129448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129386,62],{"class":61},[55,129388,66],{"class":65},[55,129390,70],{"class":69},[55,129392,3624],{"class":73},[55,129394,77],{"class":69},[55,129396,129397],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,129398,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,129400,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129422,129424,129426],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,129402,488],{"class":487},[55,129404,88],{"class":61},[55,129406,92],{"class":91},[55,129408,128134],{"class":95},[55,129410,109],{"class":91},[55,129412,228],{"class":69},[55,129414,60211],{"class":73},[55,129416,228],{"class":69},[55,129418,115],{"class":91},[55,129420,129421],{"class":65}," !=",[55,129423,1995],{"class":65},[55,129425,2761],{"class":1210},[55,129427,511],{"class":91},[55,129429,129430,129432,129434,129436,129438,129440],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,129431,516],{"class":105},[55,129433,109],{"class":91},[55,129435,228],{"class":69},[55,129437,129325],{"class":73},[55,129439,228],{"class":69},[55,129441,342],{"class":91},[55,129443,129444,129446],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,129445,610],{"class":487},[55,129447,511],{"class":91},[55,129449,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,129451,516],{"class":105},[55,129453,109],{"class":91},[55,129455,228],{"class":69},[55,129457,26088],{"class":73},[55,129459,228],{"class":69},[55,129461,342],{"class":91},[20,129463,129464],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[46,129466,129468],{"className":48,"code":129467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129469,129470,129492,129506,129532,129546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129471,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129473,106],{"class":105},[55,129475,109],{"class":91},[55,129477,352],{"class":95},[55,129479,92],{"class":91},[55,129481,128134],{"class":95},[55,129483,109],{"class":91},[55,129485,3077],{"class":69},[55,129487,38163],{"class":73},[55,129489,3077],{"class":69},[55,129491,1273],{"class":91},[55,129493,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,129495,106],{"class":105},[55,129497,109],{"class":91},[55,129499,41552],{"class":105},[55,129501,109],{"class":91},[55,129503,352],{"class":95},[55,129505,1273],{"class":91},[55,129507,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524,129526,129528,129530],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,129509,106],{"class":105},[55,129511,109],{"class":91},[55,129513,352],{"class":95},[55,129515,92],{"class":91},[55,129517,96],{"class":95},[55,129519,857],{"class":91},[55,129521,128134],{"class":95},[55,129523,109],{"class":91},[55,129525,3077],{"class":69},[55,129527,38163],{"class":73},[55,129529,3077],{"class":69},[55,129531,1273],{"class":91},[55,129533,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,129535,106],{"class":105},[55,129537,109],{"class":91},[55,129539,10942],{"class":105},[55,129541,109],{"class":91},[55,129543,352],{"class":95},[55,129545,1273],{"class":91},[55,129547,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560,129562,129564,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,129549,106],{"class":105},[55,129551,109],{"class":91},[55,129553,352],{"class":95},[55,129555,92],{"class":91},[55,129557,128134],{"class":95},[55,129559,109],{"class":91},[55,129561,3077],{"class":69},[55,129563,38163],{"class":73},[55,129565,3077],{"class":69},[55,129567,2764],{"class":91},[55,129569,35821],{"class":95},[55,129571,2764],{"class":91},[55,129573,64813],{"class":95},[55,129575,1273],{"class":91},[20,129577,129578],{},"These help you check:",[30,129580,129581,129586,129591,129596,129599],{},[33,129582,129583,129584],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129585,124111],{},[33,129587,129588,129589],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129590,122335],{},[33,129592,129593,129594],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129595,17],{},[33,129597,129598],{},"The string length",[33,129600,129601,129602,1377,129604,129606],{},"Whether your ",[15,129603,35842],{},[15,129605,52431],{}," values are correct",[131,129608,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,129610,129612,129613,129615],{"id":129611},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129614,124111],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129617,4931,129618,92],{},[15,129619,65627],{},[1003,129621,1581,129623,129625],{"id":129622},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129624,124111],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129627,129628],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1003,129630,129632,129633,124450],{"id":129631},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129634,124111],{},[20,129636,129637],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1003,129639,1626,129641,1377,129643,69428],{"id":129640},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129642,124111],{},[15,129644,58740],{},[20,129646,129647,2168,129649,129651,129652,52265,129654,92],{},[15,129648,124111],{},[15,129650,65627],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129653,58740],{},[15,129655,40477],{},[1003,129657,1613,129659,129661],{"id":129658},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129660,124111],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129663,129664,129665,1377,129667,65926],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129666,35842],{},[15,129668,52431],{},[131,129670,1643],{"id":1642},[30,129672,129673,129679,129685,129691,129697,129704,129708,129713],{},[33,129674,129675],{},[166,129676,1570,129677,1573],{"href":124136},[15,129678,58740],{},[33,129680,129681],{},[166,129682,1570,129683,1573],{"href":128796},[15,129684,60304],{},[33,129686,129687],{},[166,129688,1570,129689,1573],{"href":1666},[15,129690,1669],{},[33,129692,129693],{},[166,129694,1570,129695,1573],{"href":127475},[15,129696,127478],{},[33,129698,129699],{},[166,129700,1570,129702,1573],{"href":129701},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129703,126168],{},[33,129705,129706],{},[166,129707,1675],{"href":1674},[33,129709,129710],{},[166,129711,129712],{"href":128792},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129714,129715],{},[166,129716,25895,129717],{"href":73255},[15,129718,129079],{},[1696,129720,129721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":129723},[129724,129726,129729,129730,129731,129732,129734,129735,129736,129748],{"id":128210,"depth":80,"text":129725},"What find() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":129727},[129728],{"id":17172,"depth":102,"text":17173},{"id":37791,"depth":80,"text":37792},{"id":65179,"depth":80,"text":65962},{"id":123763,"depth":80,"text":123764},{"id":128936,"depth":80,"text":129733},"find() vs index()",{"id":40818,"depth":80,"text":40819},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":129737},[129738,129740,129742,129744,129746],{"id":129611,"depth":102,"text":129739},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129622,"depth":102,"text":129741},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129631,"depth":102,"text":129743},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129640,"depth":102,"text":129745},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129658,"depth":102,"text":129747},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128082,"description":129749},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129756,"title":129757,"body":129758,"description":131683,"extension":1733,"meta":131684,"navigation":248,"path":131685,"seo":131686,"stem":131687,"__hash__":131688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129759,"toc":131651},[129760,129765,129770,129773,129775,129851,129855,129883,129891,129895,129900,129904,129921,129923,129990,129994,130016,130024,130026,130029,130053,130056,130070,130072,130157,130161,130173,130176,130180,130186,130236,130240,130257,130266,130269,130277,130280,130329,130333,130358,130361,130416,130420,130432,130438,130442,130448,130453,130520,130524,130550,130553,130564,130566,130633,130637,130662,130669,130673,130678,130685,130693,130695,130747,130751,130769,130771,130816,130820,130835,130838,130848,130855,130857,130861,130864,130875,130877,130937,130941,130969,130972,130978,130983,130986,130990,131034,131037,131075,131078,131086,131088,131093,131097,131100,131148,131151,131154,131210,131214,131219,131222,131271,131273,131322,131328,131333,131335,131382,131386,131399,131401,131452,131458,131461,131465,131468,131474,131479,131481,131484,131555,131558,131575,131577,131582,131585,131589,131595,131601,131608,131614,131620,131622,131648],[10,129761,13,129763,18],{"id":129762},"python-string-format-method",[15,129764,126113],{},[20,129766,22,129767,129769],{},[15,129768,126113],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129771,129772],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[131,129774,1775],{"id":1774},[46,129776,129778],{"className":48,"code":129777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129779,129780,129792,129800,129804,129841],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129781,129782,129784,129786,129788,129790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129783,254],{"class":61},[55,129785,66],{"class":65},[55,129787,70],{"class":69},[55,129789,11288],{"class":73},[55,129791,77],{"class":69},[55,129793,129794,129796,129798],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,129795,21405],{"class":61},[55,129797,66],{"class":65},[55,129799,88571],{"class":1210},[55,129801,129802],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,129803,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812,129815,129817,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129831,129833,129835,129837,129839],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,129807,758],{"class":61},[55,129809,66],{"class":65},[55,129811,70],{"class":69},[55,129813,129814],{"class":73},"My name is ",[55,129816,3570],{"class":1210},[55,129818,129819],{"class":73}," and I am ",[55,129821,3570],{"class":1210},[55,129823,122117],{"class":73},[55,129825,228],{"class":69},[55,129827,92],{"class":91},[55,129829,129830],{"class":95},"format",[55,129832,109],{"class":91},[55,129834,273],{"class":95},[55,129836,2764],{"class":91},[55,129838,8968],{"class":95},[55,129840,342],{"class":91},[55,129842,129843,129845,129847,129849],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,129844,106],{"class":105},[55,129846,109],{"class":91},[55,129848,89793],{"class":95},[55,129850,342],{"class":91},[20,129852,129853],{},[123,129854,357],{},[46,129856,129858],{"className":48,"code":129857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129859,129860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129861,129862,129865,129867,129870,129873,129876,129879,129881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129863,129864],{"class":61},"My name ",[55,129866,11974],{"class":65},[55,129868,129869],{"class":61}," Maya ",[55,129871,129872],{"class":65},"and",[55,129874,129875],{"class":61}," I am ",[55,129877,129878],{"class":1210},"12",[55,129880,122150],{"class":61},[55,129882,122153],{"class":91},[20,129884,1866,129885,129887,129888,129890],{},[15,129886,3570],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129889,126113],{}," in the same order.",[20,129892,164,129893,92],{},[166,129894,124866],{"href":173},[131,129896,12776,129898,12779],{"id":129897},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129899,126113],{},[20,129901,1750,129902,11193],{},[15,129903,126113],{},[30,129905,129906,129909,129915,129918],{},[33,129907,129908],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,129910,129911,129912,129914],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129913,3570],{}," with given values",[33,129916,129917],{},"returns a new string",[33,129919,129920],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129922,214],{},[46,129924,129926],{"className":48,"code":129925,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129927,129928,129942,129965,129969,129980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129929,129930,129932,129934,129936,129938,129940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129931,62],{"class":61},[55,129933,66],{"class":65},[55,129935,70],{"class":69},[55,129937,44673],{"class":73},[55,129939,3570],{"class":1210},[55,129941,77],{"class":69},[55,129943,129944,129947,129949,129951,129953,129955,129957,129959,129961,129963],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,129945,129946],{"class":61},"new_text ",[55,129948,66],{"class":65},[55,129950,88],{"class":61},[55,129952,92],{"class":91},[55,129954,129830],{"class":95},[55,129956,109],{"class":91},[55,129958,228],{"class":69},[55,129960,7460],{"class":73},[55,129962,228],{"class":69},[55,129964,342],{"class":91},[55,129966,129967],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,129968,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,129970,129971,129973,129975,129978],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,129972,106],{"class":105},[55,129974,109],{"class":91},[55,129976,129977],{"class":95},"new_text",[55,129979,342],{"class":91},[55,129981,129982,129984,129986,129988],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,129983,106],{"class":105},[55,129985,109],{"class":91},[55,129987,352],{"class":95},[55,129989,342],{"class":91},[20,129991,129992],{},[123,129993,357],{},[46,129995,129997],{"className":48,"code":129996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129998,129999,130008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130000,130001,130003,130005],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130002,34637],{"class":61},[55,130004,2764],{"class":91},[55,130006,130007],{"class":61}," Sam\n",[55,130009,130010,130012,130014],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130011,34637],{"class":61},[55,130013,2764],{"class":91},[55,130015,9619],{"class":91},[20,130017,2057,130018,130020,130021,130023],{},[15,130019,352],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130022,126113],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[131,130025,178],{"id":177},[20,130027,130028],{},"The general form is:",[46,130030,130032],{"className":48,"code":130031,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130033,130034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130035,130036,130038,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049,130051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130037,228],{"class":43101},[55,130039,130040],{"class":43105},"text {}",[55,130042,228],{"class":43101},[55,130044,92],{"class":91},[55,130046,129830],{"class":95},[55,130048,109],{"class":91},[55,130050,2245],{"class":95},[55,130052,342],{"class":91},[20,130054,130055],{},"Key idea:",[30,130057,130058,130064,130067],{},[33,130059,130060,130061,130063],{},"each ",[15,130062,3570],{}," is a placeholder",[33,130065,130066],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,130068,130069],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130071,214],{},[46,130073,130075],{"className":48,"code":130074,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130076,130077,130090,130104,130108,130146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130078,130079,130082,130084,130086,130088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130080,130081],{"class":61},"animal ",[55,130083,66],{"class":65},[55,130085,70],{"class":69},[55,130087,36818],{"class":73},[55,130089,77],{"class":69},[55,130091,130092,130095,130097,130099,130102],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130093,130094],{"class":61},"sound ",[55,130096,66],{"class":65},[55,130098,70],{"class":69},[55,130100,130101],{"class":73},"meow",[55,130103,77],{"class":69},[55,130105,130106],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,130107,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,130109,130110,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130139,130141,130144],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,130111,130112],{"class":61},"sentence ",[55,130114,66],{"class":65},[55,130116,70],{"class":69},[55,130118,1750],{"class":73},[55,130120,3570],{"class":1210},[55,130122,130123],{"class":73}," says ",[55,130125,3570],{"class":1210},[55,130127,92],{"class":73},[55,130129,228],{"class":69},[55,130131,92],{"class":91},[55,130133,129830],{"class":95},[55,130135,109],{"class":91},[55,130137,130138],{"class":95},"animal",[55,130140,2764],{"class":91},[55,130142,130143],{"class":95}," sound",[55,130145,342],{"class":91},[55,130147,130148,130150,130152,130155],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,130149,106],{"class":105},[55,130151,109],{"class":91},[55,130153,130154],{"class":95},"sentence",[55,130156,342],{"class":91},[20,130158,130159],{},[123,130160,357],{},[46,130162,130164],{"className":48,"code":130163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130165,130166],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130167,130168,130171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130169,130170],{"class":61},"The cat says meow",[55,130172,122153],{"class":91},[20,130174,130175],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[131,130177,130179],{"id":130178},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130181,130182,130183,130185],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130184,3570],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[46,130187,130189],{"className":48,"code":130188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130190,130191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130192,130193,130195,130197,130199,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130223,130225,130227,130229,130232,130234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130194,106],{"class":105},[55,130196,109],{"class":91},[55,130198,228],{"class":69},[55,130200,130201],{"class":73},"I like ",[55,130203,3570],{"class":1210},[55,130205,1377],{"class":73},[55,130207,3570],{"class":1210},[55,130209,92],{"class":73},[55,130211,228],{"class":69},[55,130213,92],{"class":91},[55,130215,129830],{"class":95},[55,130217,109],{"class":91},[55,130219,228],{"class":69},[55,130221,130222],{"class":73},"pizza",[55,130224,228],{"class":69},[55,130226,2764],{"class":91},[55,130228,70],{"class":69},[55,130230,130231],{"class":73},"pasta",[55,130233,228],{"class":69},[55,130235,1273],{"class":91},[20,130237,130238],{},[123,130239,357],{},[46,130241,130243],{"className":48,"code":130242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130244,130245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130246,130247,130250,130252,130255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130248,130249],{"class":61},"I like pizza ",[55,130251,129872],{"class":65},[55,130253,130254],{"class":61}," pasta",[55,130256,122153],{"class":91},[20,130258,130259,130260,1377,130263,92],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130261,130262],{},"{0}",[15,130264,130265],{},"{1}",[20,130267,130268],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130270,130271,130274],{},[33,130272,130273],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130275,130276],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130278,130279],{},"Example with reused values:",[46,130281,130283],{"className":48,"code":130282,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130284,130285,130319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130286,130287,130289,130291,130293,130295,130298,130300,130303,130305,130307,130309,130311,130313,130315,130317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130288,62],{"class":61},[55,130290,66],{"class":65},[55,130292,70],{"class":69},[55,130294,130262],{"class":1210},[55,130296,130297],{"class":73}," is learning Python. ",[55,130299,130262],{"class":1210},[55,130301,130302],{"class":73}," likes coding.",[55,130304,228],{"class":69},[55,130306,92],{"class":91},[55,130308,129830],{"class":95},[55,130310,109],{"class":91},[55,130312,228],{"class":69},[55,130314,19660],{"class":73},[55,130316,228],{"class":69},[55,130318,342],{"class":91},[55,130320,130321,130323,130325,130327],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130322,106],{"class":105},[55,130324,109],{"class":91},[55,130326,352],{"class":95},[55,130328,342],{"class":91},[20,130330,130331],{},[123,130332,357],{},[46,130334,130336],{"className":48,"code":130335,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130337,130338],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130339,130340,130343,130345,130348,130350,130353,130356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130341,130342],{"class":61},"Lina ",[55,130344,11974],{"class":65},[55,130346,130347],{"class":61}," learning Python",[55,130349,92],{"class":91},[55,130351,130352],{"class":1047}," Lina",[55,130354,130355],{"class":61}," likes coding",[55,130357,122153],{"class":91},[20,130359,130360],{},"Example with changed order:",[46,130362,130364],{"className":48,"code":130363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130365,130366,130406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130367,130368,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402,130404],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130369,62],{"class":61},[55,130371,66],{"class":65},[55,130373,70],{"class":69},[55,130375,130265],{"class":1210},[55,130377,83099],{"class":73},[55,130379,130262],{"class":1210},[55,130381,92],{"class":73},[55,130383,228],{"class":69},[55,130385,92],{"class":91},[55,130387,129830],{"class":95},[55,130389,109],{"class":91},[55,130391,228],{"class":69},[55,130393,6371],{"class":73},[55,130395,228],{"class":69},[55,130397,2764],{"class":91},[55,130399,70],{"class":69},[55,130401,79044],{"class":73},[55,130403,228],{"class":69},[55,130405,342],{"class":91},[55,130407,130408,130410,130412,130414],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130409,106],{"class":105},[55,130411,109],{"class":91},[55,130413,352],{"class":95},[55,130415,342],{"class":91},[20,130417,130418],{},[123,130419,357],{},[46,130421,130423],{"className":48,"code":130422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130424,130425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130426,130427,130430],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130428,130429],{"class":61},"two comes after one",[55,130431,122153],{"class":91},[20,130433,130434,130435,130437],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130436,3570],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[131,130439,130441],{"id":130440},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130443,130444,130445,92],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130446,130447],{},"{name}",[20,130449,130450,130451,539],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130452,126113],{},[46,130454,130456],{"className":48,"code":130455,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130457,130458,130510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130459,130460,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130473,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496,130498,130500,130502,130504,130506,130508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130461,62],{"class":61},[55,130463,66],{"class":65},[55,130465,70],{"class":69},[55,130467,129814],{"class":73},[55,130469,130447],{"class":1210},[55,130471,130472],{"class":73}," and I live in ",[55,130474,130475],{"class":1210},"{city}",[55,130477,92],{"class":73},[55,130479,228],{"class":69},[55,130481,92],{"class":91},[55,130483,129830],{"class":95},[55,130485,109],{"class":91},[55,130487,273],{"class":8955},[55,130489,66],{"class":65},[55,130491,228],{"class":69},[55,130493,12660],{"class":73},[55,130495,228],{"class":69},[55,130497,2764],{"class":91},[55,130499,31157],{"class":8955},[55,130501,66],{"class":65},[55,130503,228],{"class":69},[55,130505,15810],{"class":73},[55,130507,228],{"class":69},[55,130509,342],{"class":91},[55,130511,130512,130514,130516,130518],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130513,106],{"class":105},[55,130515,109],{"class":91},[55,130517,352],{"class":95},[55,130519,342],{"class":91},[20,130521,130522],{},[123,130523,357],{},[46,130525,130527],{"className":48,"code":130526,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130528,130529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130530,130531,130533,130535,130538,130540,130543,130545,130548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130532,129864],{"class":61},[55,130534,11974],{"class":65},[55,130536,130537],{"class":61}," Ana ",[55,130539,129872],{"class":65},[55,130541,130542],{"class":61}," I live ",[55,130544,3662],{"class":65},[55,130546,130547],{"class":61}," Lima",[55,130549,122153],{"class":91},[20,130551,130552],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130554,130555,130558,130561],{},[33,130556,130557],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130559,130560],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130562,130563],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130565,214],{},[46,130567,130569],{"className":48,"code":130568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130570,130571,130623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130572,130573,130576,130578,130580,130583,130586,130589,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130604,130606,130609,130611,130613,130616,130618,130621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130574,130575],{"class":61},"report ",[55,130577,66],{"class":65},[55,130579,70],{"class":69},[55,130581,130582],{"class":73},"Student: ",[55,130584,130585],{"class":1210},"{student}",[55,130587,130588],{"class":73},", Score: ",[55,130590,130591],{"class":1210},"{score}",[55,130593,228],{"class":69},[55,130595,92],{"class":91},[55,130597,129830],{"class":95},[55,130599,109],{"class":91},[55,130601,13405],{"class":8955},[55,130603,66],{"class":65},[55,130605,228],{"class":69},[55,130607,130608],{"class":73},"Noah",[55,130610,228],{"class":69},[55,130612,2764],{"class":91},[55,130614,130615],{"class":8955}," score",[55,130617,66],{"class":65},[55,130619,130620],{"class":1210},"95",[55,130622,342],{"class":91},[55,130624,130625,130627,130629,130631],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130626,106],{"class":105},[55,130628,109],{"class":91},[55,130630,127823],{"class":95},[55,130632,342],{"class":91},[20,130634,130635],{},[123,130636,357],{},[46,130638,130640],{"className":48,"code":130639,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130641,130642],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130643,130644,130647,130649,130652,130654,130657,130659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130645,130646],{"class":61},"Student",[55,130648,539],{"class":91},[55,130650,130651],{"class":61}," Noah",[55,130653,2764],{"class":91},[55,130655,130656],{"class":61}," Score",[55,130658,539],{"class":91},[55,130660,130661],{"class":1210}," 95\n",[20,130663,130664,130665,92],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[166,130666,1686,130667,1689],{"href":41948},[15,130668,47454],{},[131,130670,130672],{"id":130671},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130674,130675,130677],{},[15,130676,126113],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130679,130680,130681,130684],{},"A common example is ",[15,130682,130683],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130686,130687,130690],{},[33,130688,130689],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130691,130692],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130694,214],{},[46,130696,130698],{"className":48,"code":130697,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130699,130700,130708,130737],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130701,130702,130704,130706],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130703,40160],{"class":61},[55,130705,66],{"class":65},[55,130707,49047],{"class":1210},[55,130709,130710,130712,130714,130716,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130711,62],{"class":61},[55,130713,66],{"class":65},[55,130715,70],{"class":69},[55,130717,130718],{"class":73},"Price: $",[55,130720,9058],{"class":1210},[55,130722,130683],{"class":1838},[55,130724,22079],{"class":1210},[55,130726,228],{"class":69},[55,130728,92],{"class":91},[55,130730,129830],{"class":95},[55,130732,109],{"class":91},[55,130734,24924],{"class":95},[55,130736,342],{"class":91},[55,130738,130739,130741,130743,130745],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,130740,106],{"class":105},[55,130742,109],{"class":91},[55,130744,352],{"class":95},[55,130746,342],{"class":91},[20,130748,130749],{},[123,130750,357],{},[46,130752,130754],{"className":48,"code":130753,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130755,130756],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130757,130758,130761,130763,130766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130759,130760],{"class":61},"Price",[55,130762,539],{"class":91},[55,130764,130765],{"class":37138}," $",[55,130767,130768],{"class":1210},"3.50\n",[20,130770,51850],{},[46,130772,130774],{"className":48,"code":130773,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130775,130776,130786],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130777,130778,130781,130783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130779,130780],{"class":61},"average ",[55,130782,66],{"class":65},[55,130784,130785],{"class":1210}," 91.236\n",[55,130787,130788,130790,130792,130794,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809,130811,130814],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130789,106],{"class":105},[55,130791,109],{"class":91},[55,130793,228],{"class":69},[55,130795,130796],{"class":73},"Average: ",[55,130798,9058],{"class":1210},[55,130800,130683],{"class":1838},[55,130802,22079],{"class":1210},[55,130804,228],{"class":69},[55,130806,92],{"class":91},[55,130808,129830],{"class":95},[55,130810,109],{"class":91},[55,130812,130813],{"class":95},"average",[55,130815,1273],{"class":91},[20,130817,130818],{},[123,130819,357],{},[46,130821,130823],{"className":48,"code":130822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130824,130825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130826,130827,130830,130832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130828,130829],{"class":61},"Average",[55,130831,539],{"class":91},[55,130833,130834],{"class":1210}," 91.24\n",[20,130836,130837],{},"This is useful for:",[30,130839,130840,130842,130845],{},[33,130841,82857],{},[33,130843,130844],{},"averages",[33,130846,130847],{},"percentages",[20,130849,130850,130851,92],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[166,130852,1686,130853,538],{"href":46219},[15,130854,46222],{},[131,130856,446],{"id":445},[20,130858,130859,92289],{},[15,130860,126113],{},[20,130862,130863],{},"That means you can:",[30,130865,130866,130869,130872],{},[33,130867,130868],{},"save it in a variable",[33,130870,130871],{},"print it directly",[33,130873,130874],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130876,214],{},[46,130878,130880],{"className":48,"code":130879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130881,130882,130913,130923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130883,130884,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906,130909,130911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130885,758],{"class":61},[55,130887,66],{"class":65},[55,130889,70],{"class":69},[55,130891,44673],{"class":73},[55,130893,3570],{"class":1210},[55,130895,89618],{"class":73},[55,130897,228],{"class":69},[55,130899,92],{"class":91},[55,130901,129830],{"class":95},[55,130903,109],{"class":91},[55,130905,228],{"class":69},[55,130907,130908],{"class":73},"Chris",[55,130910,228],{"class":69},[55,130912,342],{"class":91},[55,130914,130915,130917,130919,130921],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130916,106],{"class":105},[55,130918,109],{"class":91},[55,130920,89793],{"class":95},[55,130922,342],{"class":91},[55,130924,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,130926,106],{"class":105},[55,130928,109],{"class":91},[55,130930,1266],{"class":1265},[55,130932,109],{"class":91},[55,130934,89793],{"class":95},[55,130936,1273],{"class":91},[20,130938,130939],{},[123,130940,357],{},[46,130942,130944],{"className":48,"code":130943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130945,130946,130955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130947,130948,130950,130952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130949,34637],{"class":61},[55,130951,2764],{"class":91},[55,130953,130954],{"class":61}," Chris!\n",[55,130956,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965,130967],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,130958,3066],{"class":65},[55,130960,3069],{"class":1838},[55,130962,3072],{"class":69},[55,130964,3220],{"class":73},[55,130966,3077],{"class":69},[55,130968,3080],{"class":65},[20,130970,130971],{},"The original string is not changed.",[131,130973,130975,130977],{"id":130974},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130976,126113],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130979,130980,130982],{},[15,130981,126113],{}," is a string method.",[20,130984,130985],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130987,45810,130988,539],{},[15,130989,126113],{},[46,130991,130993],{"className":48,"code":130992,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130994,130995,131008],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130996,130997,130999,131001,131003,131006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130998,254],{"class":61},[55,131000,66],{"class":65},[55,131002,70],{"class":69},[55,131004,131005],{"class":73},"Rita",[55,131007,77],{"class":69},[55,131009,131010,131012,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131011,106],{"class":105},[55,131013,109],{"class":91},[55,131015,228],{"class":69},[55,131017,44673],{"class":73},[55,131019,3570],{"class":1210},[55,131021,89618],{"class":73},[55,131023,228],{"class":69},[55,131025,92],{"class":91},[55,131027,129830],{"class":95},[55,131029,109],{"class":91},[55,131031,273],{"class":95},[55,131033,1273],{"class":91},[20,131035,131036],{},"Example with an f-string:",[46,131038,131040],{"className":48,"code":131039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131041,131042,131054],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131043,131044,131046,131048,131050,131052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131045,254],{"class":61},[55,131047,66],{"class":65},[55,131049,70],{"class":69},[55,131051,131005],{"class":73},[55,131053,77],{"class":69},[55,131055,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131073],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131057,106],{"class":105},[55,131059,109],{"class":91},[55,131061,22070],{"class":1838},[55,131063,43119],{"class":73},[55,131065,9058],{"class":1210},[55,131067,273],{"class":95},[55,131069,22079],{"class":1210},[55,131071,131072],{"class":73},"!\"",[55,131074,342],{"class":91},[20,131076,131077],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131079,131080,131081,131083,131084,92],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131082,126113],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[166,131085,89463],{"href":1680},[131,131087,1001],{"id":1000},[20,131089,131090,131091,92],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131092,126113],{},[1003,131094,131096],{"id":131095},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131098,131099],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[46,131101,131103],{"className":48,"code":131102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131104,131105,131138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131106,131107,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131108,62],{"class":61},[55,131110,66],{"class":65},[55,131112,70],{"class":69},[55,131114,44673],{"class":73},[55,131116,3570],{"class":1210},[55,131118,131119],{"class":1210}," {}",[55,131121,89618],{"class":73},[55,131123,228],{"class":69},[55,131125,92],{"class":91},[55,131127,129830],{"class":95},[55,131129,109],{"class":91},[55,131131,228],{"class":69},[55,131133,7460],{"class":73},[55,131135,228],{"class":69},[55,131137,342],{"class":91},[55,131139,131140,131142,131144,131146],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131141,106],{"class":105},[55,131143,109],{"class":91},[55,131145,352],{"class":95},[55,131147,342],{"class":91},[20,131149,131150],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131152,131153],{},"Fixed version:",[46,131155,131157],{"className":48,"code":131156,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131158,131159,131200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131160,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171,131173,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131196,131198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131162,62],{"class":61},[55,131164,66],{"class":65},[55,131166,70],{"class":69},[55,131168,44673],{"class":73},[55,131170,3570],{"class":1210},[55,131172,131119],{"class":1210},[55,131174,89618],{"class":73},[55,131176,228],{"class":69},[55,131178,92],{"class":91},[55,131180,129830],{"class":95},[55,131182,109],{"class":91},[55,131184,228],{"class":69},[55,131186,7460],{"class":73},[55,131188,228],{"class":69},[55,131190,2764],{"class":91},[55,131192,70],{"class":69},[55,131194,131195],{"class":73},"Lee",[55,131197,228],{"class":69},[55,131199,342],{"class":91},[55,131201,131202,131204,131206,131208],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131203,106],{"class":105},[55,131205,109],{"class":91},[55,131207,352],{"class":95},[55,131209,342],{"class":91},[1003,131211,131213],{"id":131212},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131215,131216,131217,92],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131218,126113],{},[20,131220,131221],{},"Problem:",[46,131223,131225],{"className":48,"code":131224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131226,131227,131261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131228,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131230,62],{"class":61},[55,131232,66],{"class":65},[55,131234,70],{"class":69},[55,131236,44673],{"class":73},[55,131238,130447],{"class":1210},[55,131240,89618],{"class":73},[55,131242,228],{"class":69},[55,131244,92],{"class":91},[55,131246,129830],{"class":95},[55,131248,109],{"class":91},[55,131250,7769],{"class":8955},[55,131252,66],{"class":65},[55,131254,228],{"class":69},[55,131256,7460],{"class":73},[55,131258,228],{"class":69},[55,131260,342],{"class":91},[55,131262,131263,131265,131267,131269],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131264,106],{"class":105},[55,131266,109],{"class":91},[55,131268,352],{"class":95},[55,131270,342],{"class":91},[20,131272,131153],{},[46,131274,131276],{"className":48,"code":131275,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131277,131278,131312],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131279,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131281,62],{"class":61},[55,131283,66],{"class":65},[55,131285,70],{"class":69},[55,131287,44673],{"class":73},[55,131289,130447],{"class":1210},[55,131291,89618],{"class":73},[55,131293,228],{"class":69},[55,131295,92],{"class":91},[55,131297,129830],{"class":95},[55,131299,109],{"class":91},[55,131301,273],{"class":8955},[55,131303,66],{"class":65},[55,131305,228],{"class":69},[55,131307,7460],{"class":73},[55,131309,228],{"class":69},[55,131311,342],{"class":91},[55,131313,131314,131316,131318,131320],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131315,106],{"class":105},[55,131317,109],{"class":91},[55,131319,352],{"class":95},[55,131321,342],{"class":91},[1003,131323,8235,131325,131327],{"id":131324},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131326,126113],{}," to change the original string",[20,131329,131330,131332],{},[15,131331,126113],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131334,131221],{},[46,131336,131338],{"className":48,"code":131337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131339,131340,131354,131372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131341,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131343,62],{"class":61},[55,131345,66],{"class":65},[55,131347,70],{"class":69},[55,131349,44673],{"class":73},[55,131351,3570],{"class":1210},[55,131353,77],{"class":69},[55,131355,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131357,352],{"class":61},[55,131359,92],{"class":91},[55,131361,129830],{"class":95},[55,131363,109],{"class":91},[55,131365,228],{"class":69},[55,131367,7460],{"class":73},[55,131369,228],{"class":69},[55,131371,342],{"class":91},[55,131373,131374,131376,131378,131380],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,131375,106],{"class":105},[55,131377,109],{"class":91},[55,131379,352],{"class":95},[55,131381,342],{"class":91},[20,131383,131384],{},[123,131385,357],{},[46,131387,131389],{"className":48,"code":131388,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131390,131391],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131392,131393,131395,131397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131394,34637],{"class":61},[55,131396,2764],{"class":91},[55,131398,9619],{"class":91},[20,131400,131153],{},[46,131402,131404],{"className":48,"code":131403,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131405,131406,131420,131442],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131407,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131409,62],{"class":61},[55,131411,66],{"class":65},[55,131413,70],{"class":69},[55,131415,44673],{"class":73},[55,131417,3570],{"class":1210},[55,131419,77],{"class":69},[55,131421,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131423,62],{"class":61},[55,131425,66],{"class":65},[55,131427,88],{"class":61},[55,131429,92],{"class":91},[55,131431,129830],{"class":95},[55,131433,109],{"class":91},[55,131435,228],{"class":69},[55,131437,7460],{"class":73},[55,131439,228],{"class":69},[55,131441,342],{"class":91},[55,131443,131444,131446,131448,131450],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,131445,106],{"class":105},[55,131447,109],{"class":91},[55,131449,352],{"class":95},[55,131451,342],{"class":91},[1003,131453,4486,131455,131457],{"id":131454},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131456,126113],{}," returns a new string",[20,131459,131460],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1003,131462,131464],{"id":131463},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131466,131467],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131469,131470,131471,131473],{},"Use simple ",[15,131472,3570],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131475,131476,131477,92],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[166,131478,90175],{"href":90174},[131,131480,67668],{"id":67667},[20,131482,131483],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[46,131485,131487],{"className":48,"code":131486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131488,131489,131499,131513,131541],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131490,131491,131493,131495,131497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131492,106],{"class":105},[55,131494,109],{"class":91},[55,131496,352],{"class":95},[55,131498,342],{"class":91},[55,131500,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131502,106],{"class":105},[55,131504,109],{"class":91},[55,131506,1266],{"class":1265},[55,131508,109],{"class":91},[55,131510,2245],{"class":95},[55,131512,1273],{"class":91},[55,131514,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,131516,106],{"class":105},[55,131518,109],{"class":91},[55,131520,228],{"class":69},[55,131522,372],{"class":73},[55,131524,3570],{"class":1210},[55,131526,228],{"class":69},[55,131528,92],{"class":91},[55,131530,129830],{"class":95},[55,131532,109],{"class":91},[55,131534,228],{"class":69},[55,131536,7460],{"class":73},[55,131538,228],{"class":69},[55,131540,1273],{"class":91},[55,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,131544,31925],{"class":105},[55,131546,109],{"class":91},[55,131548,3220],{"class":1265},[55,131550,92],{"class":91},[55,131552,129830],{"class":1047},[55,131554,342],{"class":91},[20,131556,131557],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131559,131560,131563,131566,131569],{},[33,131561,131562],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131564,131565],{},"what type your value has",[33,131567,131568],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131570,131571,131572],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131573,131574],{},"str.format",[131,131576,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,131578,129612,131580,1606],{"id":131579},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131581,126113],{},[20,131583,131584],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1003,131586,131588],{"id":131587},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131590,131591,131592,131594],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131593,3570],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1003,131596,131598,131599,1631],{"id":131597},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131600,126113],{},[20,131602,131603,131604,131607],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131605,131606],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1003,131609,14683,131611,131613],{"id":131610},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131612,126113],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131615,131616,131617,131619],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131618,126113],{}," is still useful and common.",[131,131621,1643],{"id":1642},[30,131623,131624,131628,131632,131638,131644],{},[33,131625,131626],{},[166,131627,124866],{"href":173},[33,131629,131630],{},[166,131631,1681],{"href":1680},[33,131633,131634],{},[166,131635,1686,131636,1689],{"href":46219},[15,131637,46222],{},[33,131639,131640],{},[166,131641,1686,131642,1689],{"href":41948},[15,131643,47454],{},[33,131645,131646],{},[166,131647,90175],{"href":90174},[1696,131649,131650],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":131652},[131653,131654,131656,131657,131658,131659,131660,131661,131663,131672,131673,131682],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":129897,"depth":80,"text":131655},"What the format() method does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":130178,"depth":80,"text":130179},{"id":130440,"depth":80,"text":130441},{"id":130671,"depth":80,"text":130672},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":130974,"depth":80,"text":131662},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":131664},[131665,131666,131667,131669,131671],{"id":131095,"depth":102,"text":131096},{"id":131212,"depth":102,"text":131213},{"id":131324,"depth":102,"text":131668},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131454,"depth":102,"text":131670},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131463,"depth":102,"text":131464},{"id":67667,"depth":80,"text":67668},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":131674},[131675,131677,131678,131680],{"id":131579,"depth":102,"text":131676},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131587,"depth":102,"text":131588},{"id":131597,"depth":102,"text":131679},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131610,"depth":102,"text":131681},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129757,"description":131683},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131690,"title":131691,"body":131692,"description":133172,"extension":1733,"meta":133173,"navigation":248,"path":133174,"seo":133175,"stem":133176,"__hash__":133177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131693,"toc":133144},[131694,131699,131704,131709,131711,131773,131780,131786,131791,131793,131809,131811,131882,131884,131898,131901,131951,131953,131955,131982,131985,132000,132003,132044,132047,132092,132099,132148,132150,132158,132160,132178,132180,132273,132281,132322,132327,132334,132340,132347,132350,132354,132455,132457,132479,132483,132536,132539,132542,132548,132555,132557,132596,132598,132616,132626,132633,132716,132719,132726,132733,132740,132744,132752,132798,132802,132811,132876,132881,132886,132897,132899,132904,132931,132933,133036,133039,133059,133061,133066,133069,133073,133077,133084,133093,133099,133102,133108,133110,133112,133141],[10,131695,13,131697,18],{"id":131696},"python-string-index-method",[15,131698,58740],{},[20,131700,22,131701,131703],{},[15,131702,58740],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131705,131706,131707,92],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131708,40477],{},[131,131710,1775],{"id":1774},[46,131712,131714],{"className":48,"code":131713,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131715,131716,131728,131750,131760,131764,131768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131717,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131719,62],{"class":61},[55,131721,66],{"class":65},[55,131723,70],{"class":69},[55,131725,60179],{"class":73},[55,131727,77],{"class":69},[55,131729,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131731,64692],{"class":61},[55,131733,66],{"class":65},[55,131735,88],{"class":61},[55,131737,92],{"class":91},[55,131739,35617],{"class":95},[55,131741,109],{"class":91},[55,131743,228],{"class":69},[55,131745,60364],{"class":73},[55,131747,228],{"class":69},[55,131749,342],{"class":91},[55,131751,131752,131754,131756,131758],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,131753,106],{"class":105},[55,131755,109],{"class":91},[55,131757,64719],{"class":95},[55,131759,342],{"class":91},[55,131761,131762],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,131763,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,131765,131766],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,131767,90592],{"class":118},[55,131769,131770],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,131771,131772],{"class":118},"# 6\n",[20,131774,1866,131775,131777,131778,92],{},[15,131776,58740],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131779,40477],{},[131,131781,134,131783,137],{"id":131782},"what-strindex-does",[15,131784,131785],{},"str.index()",[20,131787,131788,131790],{},[15,131789,131785],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131792,145],{},[30,131794,131795,131798,131801,131804],{},[33,131796,131797],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131799,131800],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131802,131803],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131805,30065,131806,131808],{},[15,131807,40477],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131810,214],{},[46,131812,131814],{"className":48,"code":131813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131815,131816,131828,131832,131857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131817,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131819,62],{"class":61},[55,131821,66],{"class":65},[55,131823,70],{"class":69},[55,131825,3869],{"class":73},[55,131827,77],{"class":69},[55,131829,131830],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131831,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,131833,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,131835,106],{"class":105},[55,131837,109],{"class":91},[55,131839,352],{"class":95},[55,131841,92],{"class":91},[55,131843,35617],{"class":95},[55,131845,109],{"class":91},[55,131847,228],{"class":69},[55,131849,166],{"class":73},[55,131851,228],{"class":69},[55,131853,5145],{"class":91},[55,131855,131856],{"class":118},"     # 1\n",[55,131858,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877,131879],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,131860,106],{"class":105},[55,131862,109],{"class":91},[55,131864,352],{"class":95},[55,131866,92],{"class":91},[55,131868,35617],{"class":95},[55,131870,109],{"class":91},[55,131872,228],{"class":69},[55,131874,123211],{"class":73},[55,131876,228],{"class":69},[55,131878,5145],{"class":91},[55,131880,131881],{"class":118},"    # 2\n",[20,131883,1952],{},[30,131885,131886,131892],{},[33,131887,131888,128322,131890],{},[15,131889,17873],{},[15,131891,2761],{},[33,131893,131894,128322,131896],{},[15,131895,128321],{},[15,131897,1829],{},[20,131899,131900],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[46,131902,131904],{"className":48,"code":131903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131905,131906,131918,131922,131946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131907,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131909,62],{"class":61},[55,131911,66],{"class":65},[55,131913,70],{"class":69},[55,131915,34637],{"class":73},[55,131917,77],{"class":69},[55,131919,131920],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,131921,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,131923,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,131925,106],{"class":105},[55,131927,109],{"class":91},[55,131929,352],{"class":95},[55,131931,92],{"class":91},[55,131933,35617],{"class":95},[55,131935,109],{"class":91},[55,131937,228],{"class":69},[55,131939,50961],{"class":73},[55,131941,228],{"class":69},[55,131943,5145],{"class":91},[55,131945,20546],{"class":118},[55,131947,131948],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,131949,131950],{"class":118},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[131,131952,178],{"id":177},[20,131954,181],{},[46,131956,131958],{"className":48,"code":131957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131959,131960],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131961,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131963,191],{"class":61},[55,131965,92],{"class":91},[55,131967,35617],{"class":95},[55,131969,109],{"class":91},[55,131971,2245],{"class":95},[55,131973,2764],{"class":91},[55,131975,35821],{"class":95},[55,131977,2764],{"class":91},[55,131979,64813],{"class":95},[55,131981,342],{"class":91},[20,131983,131984],{},"Parameters:",[30,131986,131987,131991,131995],{},[33,131988,131989,123310],{},[15,131990,2245],{},[33,131992,131993,128368],{},[15,131994,35842],{},[33,131996,131997,131999],{},[15,131998,52431],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132001,132002],{},"You can use just the value:",[46,132004,132006],{"className":48,"code":132005,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132007,132008,132020],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132009,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132011,62],{"class":61},[55,132013,66],{"class":65},[55,132015,70],{"class":69},[55,132017,50],{"class":73},[55,132019,77],{"class":69},[55,132021,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132023,106],{"class":105},[55,132025,109],{"class":91},[55,132027,352],{"class":95},[55,132029,92],{"class":91},[55,132031,35617],{"class":95},[55,132033,109],{"class":91},[55,132035,228],{"class":69},[55,132037,63059],{"class":73},[55,132039,228],{"class":69},[55,132041,5145],{"class":91},[55,132043,51185],{"class":118},[20,132045,132046],{},"Or include a start position:",[46,132048,132050],{"className":48,"code":132049,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132051,132052,132064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132053,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132055,62],{"class":61},[55,132057,66],{"class":65},[55,132059,70],{"class":69},[55,132061,3869],{"class":73},[55,132063,77],{"class":69},[55,132065,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132067,106],{"class":105},[55,132069,109],{"class":91},[55,132071,352],{"class":95},[55,132073,92],{"class":91},[55,132075,35617],{"class":95},[55,132077,109],{"class":91},[55,132079,228],{"class":69},[55,132081,166],{"class":73},[55,132083,228],{"class":69},[55,132085,2764],{"class":91},[55,132087,2767],{"class":1210},[55,132089,5145],{"class":91},[55,132091,50542],{"class":118},[20,132093,132094,132095,1377,132097,539],{},"Or include both ",[15,132096,35842],{},[15,132098,52431],{},[46,132100,132102],{"className":48,"code":132101,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132103,132104,132116],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132105,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132107,62],{"class":61},[55,132109,66],{"class":65},[55,132111,70],{"class":69},[55,132113,3869],{"class":73},[55,132115,77],{"class":69},[55,132117,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132119,106],{"class":105},[55,132121,109],{"class":91},[55,132123,352],{"class":95},[55,132125,92],{"class":91},[55,132127,35617],{"class":95},[55,132129,109],{"class":91},[55,132131,228],{"class":69},[55,132133,166],{"class":73},[55,132135,228],{"class":69},[55,132137,2764],{"class":91},[55,132139,2767],{"class":1210},[55,132141,2764],{"class":91},[55,132143,4388],{"class":1210},[55,132145,5145],{"class":91},[55,132147,50542],{"class":118},[131,132149,37792],{"id":37791},[20,132151,28480,132152,132154,132155,92],{},[15,132153,58740],{}," is a ",[123,132156,132157],{},"zero-based index",[20,132159,1881],{},[30,132161,132162,132168,132173],{},[33,132163,132164,132165,132167],{},"Index ",[15,132166,1894],{}," is the first character",[33,132169,132164,132170,132172],{},[15,132171,2761],{}," is the second character",[33,132174,132164,132175,132177],{},[15,132176,1829],{}," is the third character",[20,132179,214],{},[46,132181,132183],{"className":48,"code":132182,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132184,132185,132197,132201,132225,132249],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132186,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132188,62],{"class":61},[55,132190,66],{"class":65},[55,132192,70],{"class":69},[55,132194,36818],{"class":73},[55,132196,77],{"class":69},[55,132198,132199],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132200,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,132202,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,132204,106],{"class":105},[55,132206,109],{"class":91},[55,132208,352],{"class":95},[55,132210,92],{"class":91},[55,132212,35617],{"class":95},[55,132214,109],{"class":91},[55,132216,228],{"class":69},[55,132218,9520],{"class":73},[55,132220,228],{"class":69},[55,132222,5145],{"class":91},[55,132224,51017],{"class":118},[55,132226,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,132228,106],{"class":105},[55,132230,109],{"class":91},[55,132232,352],{"class":95},[55,132234,92],{"class":91},[55,132236,35617],{"class":95},[55,132238,109],{"class":91},[55,132240,228],{"class":69},[55,132242,166],{"class":73},[55,132244,228],{"class":69},[55,132246,5145],{"class":91},[55,132248,27552],{"class":118},[55,132250,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,132252,106],{"class":105},[55,132254,109],{"class":91},[55,132256,352],{"class":95},[55,132258,92],{"class":91},[55,132260,35617],{"class":95},[55,132262,109],{"class":91},[55,132264,228],{"class":69},[55,132266,63059],{"class":73},[55,132268,228],{"class":69},[55,132270,5145],{"class":91},[55,132272,51185],{"class":118},[20,132274,132275,132277,132278,132280],{},[15,132276,58740],{}," returns only the ",[123,132279,29680],{}," matching position.",[46,132282,132284],{"className":48,"code":132283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132285,132286,132298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132287,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132289,62],{"class":61},[55,132291,66],{"class":65},[55,132293,70],{"class":69},[55,132295,3869],{"class":73},[55,132297,77],{"class":69},[55,132299,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132301,106],{"class":105},[55,132303,109],{"class":91},[55,132305,352],{"class":95},[55,132307,92],{"class":91},[55,132309,35617],{"class":95},[55,132311,109],{"class":91},[55,132313,228],{"class":69},[55,132315,166],{"class":73},[55,132317,228],{"class":69},[55,132319,5145],{"class":91},[55,132321,27552],{"class":118},[20,132323,20756,132324,132326],{},[15,132325,17873],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132328,132329,132330,92],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[166,132331,132332,1573],{"href":124563},[15,132333,58362],{},[131,132335,1185,132336,1377,132338],{"id":65179},[15,132337,35842],{},[15,132339,52431],{},[20,132341,1750,132342,1377,132344,132346],{},[15,132343,35842],{},[15,132345,52431],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132348,132349],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132351,45810,132352,539],{},[15,132353,35842],{},[46,132355,132357],{"className":48,"code":132356,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132358,132359,132371,132375,132399,132427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132360,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132362,62],{"class":61},[55,132364,66],{"class":65},[55,132366,70],{"class":69},[55,132368,3869],{"class":73},[55,132370,77],{"class":69},[55,132372,132373],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132374,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,132376,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,132378,106],{"class":105},[55,132380,109],{"class":91},[55,132382,352],{"class":95},[55,132384,92],{"class":91},[55,132386,35617],{"class":95},[55,132388,109],{"class":91},[55,132390,228],{"class":69},[55,132392,166],{"class":73},[55,132394,228],{"class":69},[55,132396,5145],{"class":91},[55,132398,50890],{"class":118},[55,132400,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,132402,106],{"class":105},[55,132404,109],{"class":91},[55,132406,352],{"class":95},[55,132408,92],{"class":91},[55,132410,35617],{"class":95},[55,132412,109],{"class":91},[55,132414,228],{"class":69},[55,132416,166],{"class":73},[55,132418,228],{"class":69},[55,132420,2764],{"class":91},[55,132422,2767],{"class":1210},[55,132424,5145],{"class":91},[55,132426,50741],{"class":118},[55,132428,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,132430,106],{"class":105},[55,132432,109],{"class":91},[55,132434,352],{"class":95},[55,132436,92],{"class":91},[55,132438,35617],{"class":95},[55,132440,109],{"class":91},[55,132442,228],{"class":69},[55,132444,166],{"class":73},[55,132446,228],{"class":69},[55,132448,2764],{"class":91},[55,132450,2229],{"class":1210},[55,132452,5145],{"class":91},[55,132454,50525],{"class":118},[20,132456,19735],{},[30,132458,132459,132466,132472],{},[33,132460,132461,132462,65369,132464],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132463,17873],{},[15,132465,2761],{},[33,132467,132468,132469,132471],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132470,1829],{}," skips that first match",[33,132473,132468,132474,132476,132477],{},[15,132475,2277],{}," finds the last ",[15,132478,17873],{},[20,132480,45810,132481,539],{},[15,132482,52431],{},[46,132484,132486],{"className":48,"code":132485,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132487,132488,132500,132504],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132489,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132491,62],{"class":61},[55,132493,66],{"class":65},[55,132495,70],{"class":69},[55,132497,3869],{"class":73},[55,132499,77],{"class":69},[55,132501,132502],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132503,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,132505,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,132507,106],{"class":105},[55,132509,109],{"class":91},[55,132511,352],{"class":95},[55,132513,92],{"class":91},[55,132515,35617],{"class":95},[55,132517,109],{"class":91},[55,132519,228],{"class":69},[55,132521,75803],{"class":73},[55,132523,228],{"class":69},[55,132525,2764],{"class":91},[55,132527,3612],{"class":1210},[55,132529,2764],{"class":91},[55,132531,2229],{"class":1210},[55,132533,5145],{"class":91},[55,132535,51185],{"class":118},[20,132537,132538],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132540,132541],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[131,132543,1447,132545,132547],{"id":132544},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132546,58740],{}," causes an error",[20,132549,132550,132551,52265,132553,92],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132552,58740],{},[15,132554,40477],{},[20,132556,214],{},[46,132558,132560],{"className":48,"code":132559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132561,132562,132574],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132563,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132565,62],{"class":61},[55,132567,66],{"class":65},[55,132569,70],{"class":69},[55,132571,3624],{"class":73},[55,132573,77],{"class":69},[55,132575,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132577,106],{"class":105},[55,132579,109],{"class":91},[55,132581,352],{"class":95},[55,132583,92],{"class":91},[55,132585,35617],{"class":95},[55,132587,109],{"class":91},[55,132589,228],{"class":69},[55,132591,21853],{"class":73},[55,132593,228],{"class":69},[55,132595,1273],{"class":91},[20,132597,357],{},[46,132599,132601],{"className":48,"code":132600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132602,132603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132604,132605,132607,132609,132612,132614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132606,40477],{"class":1265},[55,132608,539],{"class":91},[55,132610,132611],{"class":61}," substring ",[55,132613,902],{"class":65},[55,132615,65602],{"class":61},[20,132617,53112,132618,126077,132623,132625],{},[166,132619,132620],{"href":129751},[15,132621,132622],{},"str.find()",[15,132624,65627],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132627,132628,132629,1377,132631,539],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132630,29575],{},[15,132632,29606],{},[46,132634,132636],{"className":48,"code":132635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132637,132638,132650,132654,132660,132683,132693,132701],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132639,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132641,62],{"class":61},[55,132643,66],{"class":65},[55,132645,70],{"class":69},[55,132647,3624],{"class":73},[55,132649,77],{"class":69},[55,132651,132652],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132653,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,132655,132656,132658],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,132657,29575],{"class":487},[55,132659,511],{"class":91},[55,132661,132662,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,132663,132664],{"class":61},"    position ",[55,132666,66],{"class":65},[55,132668,88],{"class":61},[55,132670,92],{"class":91},[55,132672,35617],{"class":95},[55,132674,109],{"class":91},[55,132676,228],{"class":69},[55,132678,21853],{"class":73},[55,132680,228],{"class":69},[55,132682,342],{"class":91},[55,132684,132685,132687,132689,132691],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,132686,516],{"class":105},[55,132688,109],{"class":91},[55,132690,64719],{"class":95},[55,132692,342],{"class":91},[55,132694,132695,132697,132699],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,132696,29606],{"class":487},[55,132698,41699],{"class":1265},[55,132700,511],{"class":91},[55,132702,132703,132705,132707,132709,132712,132714],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,132704,516],{"class":105},[55,132706,109],{"class":91},[55,132708,228],{"class":69},[55,132710,132711],{"class":73},"Substring not found",[55,132713,228],{"class":69},[55,132715,342],{"class":91},[20,132717,132718],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132720,41719,132721,92],{},[166,132722,25454,132724],{"href":132723},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132725,129079],{},[131,132727,132729,1477,132731],{"id":132728},"index-vs-find",[15,132730,58740],{},[15,132732,124111],{},[20,132734,132735,1377,132737,132739],{},[15,132736,58740],{},[15,132738,124111],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1003,132741,132742],{"id":35617},[15,132743,58740],{},[30,132745,132746,132749],{},[33,132747,132748],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132750,132751],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[46,132753,132755],{"className":48,"code":132754,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132756,132757,132769,132793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132758,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132760,62],{"class":61},[55,132762,66],{"class":65},[55,132764,70],{"class":69},[55,132766,3624],{"class":73},[55,132768,77],{"class":69},[55,132770,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132772,106],{"class":105},[55,132774,109],{"class":91},[55,132776,352],{"class":95},[55,132778,92],{"class":91},[55,132780,35617],{"class":95},[55,132782,109],{"class":91},[55,132784,228],{"class":69},[55,132786,60220],{"class":73},[55,132788,228],{"class":69},[55,132790,5145],{"class":91},[55,132792,27552],{"class":118},[55,132794,132795],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,132796,132797],{"class":118},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1003,132799,132800],{"id":128134},[15,132801,124111],{},[30,132803,132804,132806],{},[33,132805,132748],{},[33,132807,11204,132808,132810],{},[15,132809,65627],{}," if nothing is found",[46,132812,132814],{"className":48,"code":132813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132815,132816,132828,132852],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132817,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132819,62],{"class":61},[55,132821,66],{"class":65},[55,132823,70],{"class":69},[55,132825,3624],{"class":73},[55,132827,77],{"class":69},[55,132829,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132831,106],{"class":105},[55,132833,109],{"class":91},[55,132835,352],{"class":95},[55,132837,92],{"class":91},[55,132839,128134],{"class":95},[55,132841,109],{"class":91},[55,132843,228],{"class":69},[55,132845,60220],{"class":73},[55,132847,228],{"class":69},[55,132849,5145],{"class":91},[55,132851,27552],{"class":118},[55,132853,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,132855,106],{"class":105},[55,132857,109],{"class":91},[55,132859,352],{"class":95},[55,132861,92],{"class":91},[55,132863,128134],{"class":95},[55,132865,109],{"class":91},[55,132867,228],{"class":69},[55,132869,21853],{"class":73},[55,132871,228],{"class":69},[55,132873,5145],{"class":91},[55,132875,128490],{"class":118},[20,132877,1866,132878,132880],{},[15,132879,58740],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132882,1866,132883,132885],{},[15,132884,124111],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132887,132888,132889,2651,132894,92],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[166,132890,132891,132893],{"href":129751},[15,132892,132622],{}," method reference",[166,132895,127146],{"href":132896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[131,132898,1001],{"id":1000},[20,132900,132901,132902,539],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132903,58740],{},[30,132905,132906,132909,132916,132921,132926],{},[33,132907,132908],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,132910,8235,132911,8238,132913,132915],{},[15,132912,58740],{},[15,132914,65627],{}," when no match exists",[33,132917,1185,132918,132920],{},[15,132919,58740],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,132922,132923,132924],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132925,2761],{},[33,132927,4362,132928,132930],{},[15,132929,58740],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132932,62067],{},[46,132934,132936],{"className":48,"code":132935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132937,132938,132948,132962,132984,133006],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132939,132940,132942,132944,132946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132941,106],{"class":105},[55,132943,109],{"class":91},[55,132945,352],{"class":95},[55,132947,342],{"class":91},[55,132949,132950,132952,132954,132956,132958,132960],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,132951,106],{"class":105},[55,132953,109],{"class":91},[55,132955,41552],{"class":105},[55,132957,109],{"class":91},[55,132959,352],{"class":95},[55,132961,1273],{"class":91},[55,132963,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980,132982],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,132965,106],{"class":105},[55,132967,109],{"class":91},[55,132969,352],{"class":95},[55,132971,92],{"class":91},[55,132973,35617],{"class":95},[55,132975,109],{"class":91},[55,132977,228],{"class":69},[55,132979,2245],{"class":73},[55,132981,228],{"class":69},[55,132983,1273],{"class":91},[55,132985,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,132987,106],{"class":105},[55,132989,109],{"class":91},[55,132991,352],{"class":95},[55,132993,92],{"class":91},[55,132995,128134],{"class":95},[55,132997,109],{"class":91},[55,132999,228],{"class":69},[55,133001,2245],{"class":73},[55,133003,228],{"class":69},[55,133005,1273],{"class":91},[55,133007,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,133009,106],{"class":105},[55,133011,109],{"class":91},[55,133013,352],{"class":95},[55,133015,92],{"class":91},[55,133017,35617],{"class":95},[55,133019,109],{"class":91},[55,133021,228],{"class":69},[55,133023,2245],{"class":73},[55,133025,228],{"class":69},[55,133027,2764],{"class":91},[55,133029,35821],{"class":95},[55,133031,2764],{"class":91},[55,133033,64813],{"class":95},[55,133035,1273],{"class":91},[20,133037,133038],{},"Tips:",[30,133040,133041,133046,133051,133054],{},[33,133042,1866,133043,133045],{},[15,133044,126033],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,133047,1866,133048,133050],{},[15,133049,124111],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,133052,133053],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,133055,133056,133057],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133058,1894],{},[131,133060,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,133062,129612,133064,1606],{"id":133063},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133065,58740],{},[20,133067,133068],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1003,133070,133072],{"id":133071},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133074,76631,133075,92],{},[15,133076,40477],{},[1003,133078,1626,133080,1377,133082,1631],{"id":133079},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133081,58740],{},[15,133083,124111],{},[20,133085,133086,133088,133089,2168,133091,6417],{},[15,133087,58740],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133090,124111],{},[15,133092,65627],{},[1003,133094,4953,133096,133098],{"id":133095},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133097,58740],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133100,133101],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1003,133103,133105,133106,124450],{"id":133104},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133107,58740],{},[20,133109,129637],{},[131,133111,1643],{"id":1642},[30,133113,133114,133120,133124,133129,133135],{},[33,133115,133116],{},[166,133117,133118,1573],{"href":129751},[15,133119,132622],{},[33,133121,133122],{},[166,133123,1675],{"href":132896},[33,133125,133126],{},[166,133127,129712],{"href":133128},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133130,133131],{},[166,133132,133133,1573],{"href":124563},[15,133134,58362],{},[33,133136,133137],{},[166,133138,30119,133139],{"href":132723},[15,133140,129079],{},[1696,133142,133143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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causes an error",{"id":132728,"depth":80,"text":133155,"children":133156},"index() vs find()",[133157,133158],{"id":35617,"depth":102,"text":58740},{"id":128134,"depth":102,"text":124111},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":133161},[133162,133164,133165,133167,133169],{"id":133063,"depth":102,"text":133163},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133071,"depth":102,"text":133072},{"id":133079,"depth":102,"text":133166},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133095,"depth":102,"text":133168},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133104,"depth":102,"text":133170},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131691,"description":133172},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133179,"title":133180,"body":133181,"description":135955,"extension":1733,"meta":135956,"navigation":248,"path":135957,"seo":135958,"stem":135959,"__hash__":135960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133182,"toc":135891},[133183,133189,133194,133197,133200,133211,133213,133282,133284,133298,133303,133308,133313,133315,133358,133360,133443,133445,133491,133497,133499,133501,133521,133523,133546,133548,133622,133624,133643,133648,133650,133654,133726,133728,133742,133746,133822,133824,133843,133847,133941,133943,133952,133959,134035,134037,134055,134059,134062,134069,134118,134120,134128,134135,134194,134196,134214,134217,134224,134283,134285,134303,134310,134367,134369,134378,134382,134387,134391,134450,134452,134470,134474,134521,134526,134529,134598,134600,134617,134624,134630,134685,134690,134693,134770,134772,134790,134796,134802,134862,134864,134883,134889,134892,134899,134952,134957,134959,135020,135029,135036,135038,135095,135100,135102,135173,135177,135232,135234,135243,135248,135254,135323,135325,135357,135363,135371,135378,135384,135449,135451,135460,135466,135547,135549,135558,135563,135577,135584,135588,135593,135621,135623,135756,135759,135796,135798,135804,135813,135818,135821,135826,135831,135837,135840,135849,135852,135854,135883,135888],[10,133184,13,133186,18],{"id":133185},"python-string-join-method",[15,133187,133188],{},"join()",[20,133190,22,133191,133193],{},[15,133192,133188],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133195,133196],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133198,133199],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133201,133202,133208],{},[33,133203,133204,133205,133207],{},"You call ",[15,133206,133188],{}," on the separator string",[33,133209,133210],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[131,133212,3385],{"id":3384},[46,133214,133216],{"className":48,"code":133215,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133217,133218,133251,133272],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133219,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133247,133249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133221,3851],{"class":61},[55,133223,66],{"class":65},[55,133225,3400],{"class":91},[55,133227,228],{"class":69},[55,133229,7082],{"class":73},[55,133231,228],{"class":69},[55,133233,2764],{"class":91},[55,133235,70],{"class":69},[55,133237,11974],{"class":73},[55,133239,228],{"class":69},[55,133241,2764],{"class":91},[55,133243,70],{"class":69},[55,133245,133246],{"class":73},"fun",[55,133248,228],{"class":69},[55,133250,3413],{"class":91},[55,133252,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261,133263,133266,133268,133270],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,133254,83],{"class":61},[55,133256,66],{"class":65},[55,133258,70],{"class":69},[55,133260,70],{"class":69},[55,133262,92],{"class":91},[55,133264,133265],{"class":95},"join",[55,133267,109],{"class":91},[55,133269,3895],{"class":95},[55,133271,342],{"class":91},[55,133273,133274,133276,133278,133280],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,133275,106],{"class":105},[55,133277,109],{"class":91},[55,133279,112],{"class":95},[55,133281,342],{"class":91},[20,133283,357],{},[46,133285,133287],{"className":48,"code":133286,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python is fun\n",[15,133288,133289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133290,133291,133293,133295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133292,1686],{"class":61},[55,133294,11974],{"class":65},[55,133296,133297],{"class":61}," fun\n",[20,133299,1866,133300,133302],{},[15,133301,133188],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[131,133304,134,133306,137],{"id":133305},"what-join-does",[15,133307,133188],{},[20,133309,133310,133312],{},[15,133311,133188],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133314,11239],{},[30,133316,133317,133324,133352,133355],{},[33,133318,133319,133320,133323],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133321,133322],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133325,133326,133327],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133328,133329,133335,133341,133347],{},[33,133330,133331,133334],{},[15,133332,133333],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133336,133337,133340],{},[15,133338,133339],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133342,133343,133346],{},[15,133344,133345],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133348,133349,133351],{},[15,133350,6058],{}," for no separator",[33,133353,133354],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133356,133357],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133359,214],{},[46,133361,133363],{"className":48,"code":133362,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133364,133365,133397,133419,133423,133433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133366,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133368,3851],{"class":61},[55,133370,66],{"class":65},[55,133372,3400],{"class":91},[55,133374,228],{"class":69},[55,133376,12872],{"class":73},[55,133378,228],{"class":69},[55,133380,2764],{"class":91},[55,133382,70],{"class":69},[55,133384,17232],{"class":73},[55,133386,228],{"class":69},[55,133388,2764],{"class":91},[55,133390,70],{"class":69},[55,133392,705],{"class":73},[55,133394,228],{"class":69},[55,133396,3413],{"class":91},[55,133398,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,133400,83],{"class":61},[55,133402,66],{"class":65},[55,133404,70],{"class":69},[55,133406,1963],{"class":73},[55,133408,228],{"class":69},[55,133410,92],{"class":91},[55,133412,133265],{"class":95},[55,133414,109],{"class":91},[55,133416,3895],{"class":95},[55,133418,342],{"class":91},[55,133420,133421],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,133422,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,133424,133425,133427,133429,133431],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,133426,106],{"class":105},[55,133428,109],{"class":91},[55,133430,112],{"class":95},[55,133432,342],{"class":91},[55,133434,133435,133437,133439,133441],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,133436,106],{"class":105},[55,133438,109],{"class":91},[55,133440,3895],{"class":95},[55,133442,342],{"class":91},[20,133444,357],{},[46,133446,133448],{"className":48,"code":133447,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133449,133450,133463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133451,133452,133454,133456,133459,133461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133453,12872],{"class":61},[55,133455,2764],{"class":91},[55,133457,133458],{"class":61}," green",[55,133460,2764],{"class":91},[55,133462,35651],{"class":61},[55,133464,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485,133487,133489],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,133466,3680],{"class":91},[55,133468,3077],{"class":69},[55,133470,12872],{"class":73},[55,133472,3077],{"class":69},[55,133474,2764],{"class":91},[55,133476,3072],{"class":69},[55,133478,17232],{"class":73},[55,133480,3077],{"class":69},[55,133482,2764],{"class":91},[55,133484,3072],{"class":69},[55,133486,705],{"class":73},[55,133488,3077],{"class":69},[55,133490,3413],{"class":91},[20,133492,133493,133494,133496],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133495,133188],{}," creates a new string.",[131,133498,178],{"id":177},[20,133500,7003],{},[46,133502,133504],{"className":48,"code":133503,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133505,133506],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133507,133508,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133509,133510],{"class":61},"separator",[55,133512,92],{"class":91},[55,133514,133265],{"class":95},[55,133516,109],{"class":91},[55,133518,3498],{"class":95},[55,133520,342],{"class":91},[1003,133522,48781],{"id":48780},[30,133524,133525,133538,133543],{},[33,133526,133527,133529,133530,1963,133532,1963,133534,1967,133536],{},[15,133528,133510],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133531,133333],{},[15,133533,133339],{},[15,133535,133345],{},[15,133537,6058],{},[33,133539,133540,133542],{},[15,133541,3498],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133544,133545],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133547,214],{},[46,133549,133551],{"className":48,"code":133550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133552,133553,133585,133608,133612],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133554,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133556,4778],{"class":61},[55,133558,66],{"class":65},[55,133560,3400],{"class":91},[55,133562,228],{"class":69},[55,133564,12660],{"class":73},[55,133566,228],{"class":69},[55,133568,2764],{"class":91},[55,133570,70],{"class":69},[55,133572,35711],{"class":73},[55,133574,228],{"class":69},[55,133576,2764],{"class":91},[55,133578,70],{"class":69},[55,133580,35720],{"class":73},[55,133582,228],{"class":69},[55,133584,3413],{"class":91},[55,133586,133587,133589,133591,133593,133596,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,133588,83],{"class":61},[55,133590,66],{"class":65},[55,133592,70],{"class":69},[55,133594,133595],{"class":73}," | ",[55,133597,228],{"class":69},[55,133599,92],{"class":91},[55,133601,133265],{"class":95},[55,133603,109],{"class":91},[55,133605,4822],{"class":95},[55,133607,342],{"class":91},[55,133609,133610],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,133611,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,133613,133614,133616,133618,133620],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,133615,106],{"class":105},[55,133617,109],{"class":91},[55,133619,112],{"class":95},[55,133621,342],{"class":91},[20,133623,357],{},[46,133625,133627],{"className":48,"code":133626,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133628,133629],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133630,133631,133634,133636,133639,133641],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133632,133633],{"class":61},"Ana ",[55,133635,113628],{"class":65},[55,133637,133638],{"class":61}," Ben ",[55,133640,113628],{"class":65},[55,133642,35791],{"class":61},[20,133644,133645,133646,92],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[166,133647,124866],{"href":173},[131,133649,121652],{"id":121651},[1003,133651,133653],{"id":133652},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[46,133655,133657],{"className":48,"code":133656,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133658,133659,133692,133712,133716],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133660,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133688,133690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133662,3851],{"class":61},[55,133664,66],{"class":65},[55,133666,3400],{"class":91},[55,133668,228],{"class":69},[55,133670,7082],{"class":73},[55,133672,228],{"class":69},[55,133674,2764],{"class":91},[55,133676,70],{"class":69},[55,133678,11974],{"class":73},[55,133680,228],{"class":69},[55,133682,2764],{"class":91},[55,133684,70],{"class":69},[55,133686,133687],{"class":73},"easy",[55,133689,228],{"class":69},[55,133691,3413],{"class":91},[55,133693,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,133695,83],{"class":61},[55,133697,66],{"class":65},[55,133699,70],{"class":69},[55,133701,70],{"class":69},[55,133703,92],{"class":91},[55,133705,133265],{"class":95},[55,133707,109],{"class":91},[55,133709,3895],{"class":95},[55,133711,342],{"class":91},[55,133713,133714],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,133715,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,133717,133718,133720,133722,133724],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,133719,106],{"class":105},[55,133721,109],{"class":91},[55,133723,112],{"class":95},[55,133725,342],{"class":91},[20,133727,357],{},[46,133729,133731],{"className":48,"code":133730,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python is easy\n",[15,133732,133733],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133734,133735,133737,133739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133736,1686],{"class":61},[55,133738,11974],{"class":65},[55,133740,133741],{"class":61}," easy\n",[1003,133743,133745],{"id":133744},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[46,133747,133749],{"className":48,"code":133748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133750,133751,133786,133808,133812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133752,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133764,133766,133768,133770,133773,133775,133777,133779,133782,133784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133754,7563],{"class":61},[55,133756,66],{"class":65},[55,133758,3400],{"class":91},[55,133760,228],{"class":69},[55,133762,133763],{"class":73},"apples",[55,133765,228],{"class":69},[55,133767,2764],{"class":91},[55,133769,70],{"class":69},[55,133771,133772],{"class":73},"bananas",[55,133774,228],{"class":69},[55,133776,2764],{"class":91},[55,133778,70],{"class":69},[55,133780,133781],{"class":73},"oranges",[55,133783,228],{"class":69},[55,133785,3413],{"class":91},[55,133787,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804,133806],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,133789,83],{"class":61},[55,133791,66],{"class":65},[55,133793,70],{"class":69},[55,133795,1963],{"class":73},[55,133797,228],{"class":69},[55,133799,92],{"class":91},[55,133801,133265],{"class":95},[55,133803,109],{"class":91},[55,133805,7594],{"class":95},[55,133807,342],{"class":91},[55,133809,133810],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,133811,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,133813,133814,133816,133818,133820],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,133815,106],{"class":105},[55,133817,109],{"class":91},[55,133819,112],{"class":95},[55,133821,342],{"class":91},[20,133823,357],{},[46,133825,133827],{"className":48,"code":133826,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133828,133829],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133830,133831,133833,133835,133838,133840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133832,133763],{"class":61},[55,133834,2764],{"class":91},[55,133836,133837],{"class":61}," bananas",[55,133839,2764],{"class":91},[55,133841,133842],{"class":61}," oranges\n",[1003,133844,133846],{"id":133845},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[46,133848,133850],{"className":48,"code":133849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133851,133852,133909,133927,133931],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133853,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133855,35860],{"class":61},[55,133857,66],{"class":65},[55,133859,3400],{"class":91},[55,133861,228],{"class":69},[55,133863,133864],{"class":73},"P",[55,133866,228],{"class":69},[55,133868,2764],{"class":91},[55,133870,70],{"class":69},[55,133872,11525],{"class":73},[55,133874,228],{"class":69},[55,133876,2764],{"class":91},[55,133878,70],{"class":69},[55,133880,63059],{"class":73},[55,133882,228],{"class":69},[55,133884,2764],{"class":91},[55,133886,70],{"class":69},[55,133888,60211],{"class":73},[55,133890,228],{"class":69},[55,133892,2764],{"class":91},[55,133894,70],{"class":69},[55,133896,60246],{"class":73},[55,133898,228],{"class":69},[55,133900,2764],{"class":91},[55,133902,70],{"class":69},[55,133904,75803],{"class":73},[55,133906,228],{"class":69},[55,133908,3413],{"class":91},[55,133910,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,133912,83],{"class":61},[55,133914,66],{"class":65},[55,133916,5912],{"class":69},[55,133918,92],{"class":91},[55,133920,133265],{"class":95},[55,133922,109],{"class":91},[55,133924,35913],{"class":95},[55,133926,342],{"class":91},[55,133928,133929],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,133930,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,133932,133933,133935,133937,133939],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,133934,106],{"class":105},[55,133936,109],{"class":91},[55,133938,112],{"class":95},[55,133940,342],{"class":91},[20,133942,357],{},[46,133944,133946],{"className":48,"code":133945,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python\n",[15,133947,133948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133949,133950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133951,133945],{"class":61},[1003,133953,133955,133956,133958],{"id":133954},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133957,133188],{}," returns the result",[46,133960,133962],{"className":48,"code":133961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133963,133964,133997,134020,134024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133965,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133993,133995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133967,3851],{"class":61},[55,133969,66],{"class":65},[55,133971,3400],{"class":91},[55,133973,228],{"class":69},[55,133975,6371],{"class":73},[55,133977,228],{"class":69},[55,133979,2764],{"class":91},[55,133981,70],{"class":69},[55,133983,79044],{"class":73},[55,133985,228],{"class":69},[55,133987,2764],{"class":91},[55,133989,70],{"class":69},[55,133991,133992],{"class":73},"three",[55,133994,228],{"class":69},[55,133996,3413],{"class":91},[55,133998,133999,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134000,134001],{"class":61},"joined_text ",[55,134003,66],{"class":65},[55,134005,70],{"class":69},[55,134007,1794],{"class":73},[55,134009,228],{"class":69},[55,134011,92],{"class":91},[55,134013,133265],{"class":95},[55,134015,109],{"class":91},[55,134017,3895],{"class":95},[55,134019,342],{"class":91},[55,134021,134022],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,134023,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,134025,134026,134028,134030,134033],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,134027,106],{"class":105},[55,134029,109],{"class":91},[55,134031,134032],{"class":95},"joined_text",[55,134034,342],{"class":91},[20,134036,357],{},[46,134038,134040],{"className":48,"code":134039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"one-two-three\n",[15,134041,134042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134043,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134045,6371],{"class":61},[55,134047,1794],{"class":65},[55,134049,79044],{"class":61},[55,134051,1794],{"class":65},[55,134053,134054],{"class":61},"three\n",[131,134056,134058],{"id":134057},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134060,134061],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1003,134063,134065,134068],{"id":134064},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134066,134067],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[46,134070,134072],{"className":48,"code":134071,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134073,134074,134098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134075,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134077,3851],{"class":61},[55,134079,66],{"class":65},[55,134081,3400],{"class":91},[55,134083,228],{"class":69},[55,134085,3624],{"class":73},[55,134087,228],{"class":69},[55,134089,2764],{"class":91},[55,134091,70],{"class":69},[55,134093,60364],{"class":73},[55,134095,228],{"class":69},[55,134097,3413],{"class":91},[55,134099,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134101,106],{"class":105},[55,134103,109],{"class":91},[55,134105,228],{"class":69},[55,134107,70],{"class":69},[55,134109,92],{"class":91},[55,134111,133265],{"class":95},[55,134113,109],{"class":91},[55,134115,3895],{"class":95},[55,134117,1273],{"class":91},[20,134119,357],{},[46,134121,134122],{"className":48,"code":367,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,134123,134124],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134125,134126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134127,367],{"class":61},[1003,134129,134131,134134],{"id":134130},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134132,134133],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[46,134136,134138],{"className":48,"code":134137,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134139,134140,134172],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134141,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134143,12855],{"class":61},[55,134145,66],{"class":65},[55,134147,3400],{"class":91},[55,134149,228],{"class":69},[55,134151,12872],{"class":73},[55,134153,228],{"class":69},[55,134155,2764],{"class":91},[55,134157,70],{"class":69},[55,134159,705],{"class":73},[55,134161,228],{"class":69},[55,134163,2764],{"class":91},[55,134165,70],{"class":69},[55,134167,17232],{"class":73},[55,134169,228],{"class":69},[55,134171,3413],{"class":91},[55,134173,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134175,106],{"class":105},[55,134177,109],{"class":91},[55,134179,228],{"class":69},[55,134181,1963],{"class":73},[55,134183,228],{"class":69},[55,134185,92],{"class":91},[55,134187,133265],{"class":95},[55,134189,109],{"class":91},[55,134191,17279],{"class":95},[55,134193,1273],{"class":91},[20,134195,357],{},[46,134197,134199],{"className":48,"code":134198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134200,134201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134202,134203,134205,134207,134210,134212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134204,12872],{"class":61},[55,134206,2764],{"class":91},[55,134208,134209],{"class":61}," blue",[55,134211,2764],{"class":91},[55,134213,35644],{"class":61},[20,134215,134216],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1003,134218,134220,134223],{"id":134219},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134221,134222],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[46,134225,134227],{"className":48,"code":134226,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134228,134229,134261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134230,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134232,42610],{"class":61},[55,134234,66],{"class":65},[55,134236,3400],{"class":91},[55,134238,228],{"class":69},[55,134240,50],{"class":73},[55,134242,228],{"class":69},[55,134244,2764],{"class":91},[55,134246,70],{"class":69},[55,134248,191],{"class":73},[55,134250,228],{"class":69},[55,134252,2764],{"class":91},[55,134254,70],{"class":69},[55,134256,133265],{"class":73},[55,134258,228],{"class":69},[55,134260,3413],{"class":91},[55,134262,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134264,106],{"class":105},[55,134266,109],{"class":91},[55,134268,228],{"class":69},[55,134270,1794],{"class":73},[55,134272,228],{"class":69},[55,134274,92],{"class":91},[55,134276,133265],{"class":95},[55,134278,109],{"class":91},[55,134280,42641],{"class":95},[55,134282,1273],{"class":91},[20,134284,357],{},[46,134286,134288],{"className":48,"code":134287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"python-string-join\n",[15,134289,134290],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134291,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134293,50],{"class":61},[55,134295,1794],{"class":65},[55,134297,191],{"class":61},[55,134299,1794],{"class":65},[55,134301,134302],{"class":61},"join\n",[1003,134304,134306,134309],{"id":134305},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134307,134308],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[46,134311,134313],{"className":48,"code":134312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134314,134315,134348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134316,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134344,134346],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134318,112700],{"class":61},[55,134320,66],{"class":65},[55,134322,3400],{"class":91},[55,134324,228],{"class":69},[55,134326,22021],{"class":73},[55,134328,228],{"class":69},[55,134330,2764],{"class":91},[55,134332,70],{"class":69},[55,134334,30372],{"class":73},[55,134336,228],{"class":69},[55,134338,2764],{"class":91},[55,134340,70],{"class":69},[55,134342,134343],{"class":73},"C",[55,134345,228],{"class":69},[55,134347,3413],{"class":91},[55,134349,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134365],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134351,106],{"class":105},[55,134353,109],{"class":91},[55,134355,6058],{"class":69},[55,134357,92],{"class":91},[55,134359,133265],{"class":95},[55,134361,109],{"class":91},[55,134363,134364],{"class":95},"chars",[55,134366,1273],{"class":91},[20,134368,357],{},[46,134370,134372],{"className":48,"code":134371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ABC\n",[15,134373,134374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134375,134376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134377,134371],{"class":375},[131,134379,134381],{"id":134380},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134383,134384,134386],{},[15,134385,133188],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1003,134388,134390],{"id":134389},"this-works","This works",[46,134392,134394],{"className":48,"code":134393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134395,134396,134428],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134397,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134399,3601],{"class":61},[55,134401,66],{"class":65},[55,134403,3400],{"class":91},[55,134405,228],{"class":69},[55,134407,2101],{"class":73},[55,134409,228],{"class":69},[55,134411,2764],{"class":91},[55,134413,70],{"class":69},[55,134415,15533],{"class":73},[55,134417,228],{"class":69},[55,134419,2764],{"class":91},[55,134421,70],{"class":69},[55,134423,36612],{"class":73},[55,134425,228],{"class":69},[55,134427,3413],{"class":91},[55,134429,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134431,106],{"class":105},[55,134433,109],{"class":91},[55,134435,228],{"class":69},[55,134437,1963],{"class":73},[55,134439,228],{"class":69},[55,134441,92],{"class":91},[55,134443,133265],{"class":95},[55,134445,109],{"class":91},[55,134447,5142],{"class":95},[55,134449,1273],{"class":91},[20,134451,357],{},[46,134453,134455],{"className":48,"code":134454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134456,134457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134458,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134460,2101],{"class":1210},[55,134462,2764],{"class":91},[55,134464,7574],{"class":1210},[55,134466,2764],{"class":91},[55,134468,134469],{"class":1210}," 30\n",[1003,134471,134473],{"id":134472},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[46,134475,134477],{"className":48,"code":134476,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134478,134479,134499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134480,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134482,3601],{"class":61},[55,134484,66],{"class":65},[55,134486,3400],{"class":91},[55,134488,2761],{"class":1210},[55,134490,2764],{"class":91},[55,134492,2767],{"class":1210},[55,134494,2764],{"class":91},[55,134496,2223],{"class":1210},[55,134498,3413],{"class":91},[55,134500,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134502,106],{"class":105},[55,134504,109],{"class":91},[55,134506,228],{"class":69},[55,134508,1963],{"class":73},[55,134510,228],{"class":69},[55,134512,92],{"class":91},[55,134514,133265],{"class":95},[55,134516,109],{"class":91},[55,134518,5142],{"class":95},[55,134520,1273],{"class":91},[20,134522,90080,134523,134525],{},[15,134524,2780],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134527,134528],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[46,134530,134532],{"className":48,"code":134531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134533,134534,134554,134584,134588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134535,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134537,3601],{"class":61},[55,134539,66],{"class":65},[55,134541,3400],{"class":91},[55,134543,2761],{"class":1210},[55,134545,2764],{"class":91},[55,134547,2767],{"class":1210},[55,134549,2764],{"class":91},[55,134551,2223],{"class":1210},[55,134553,3413],{"class":91},[55,134555,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134557,83],{"class":61},[55,134559,66],{"class":65},[55,134561,70],{"class":69},[55,134563,1963],{"class":73},[55,134565,228],{"class":69},[55,134567,92],{"class":91},[55,134569,133265],{"class":95},[55,134571,109],{"class":91},[55,134573,39632],{"class":105},[55,134575,109],{"class":91},[55,134577,3220],{"class":1265},[55,134579,2764],{"class":91},[55,134581,3665],{"class":95},[55,134583,1273],{"class":91},[55,134585,134586],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,134587,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,134589,134590,134592,134594,134596],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,134591,106],{"class":105},[55,134593,109],{"class":91},[55,134595,112],{"class":95},[55,134597,342],{"class":91},[20,134599,357],{},[46,134601,134603],{"className":48,"code":134602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134604,134605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134606,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134608,2761],{"class":1210},[55,134610,2764],{"class":91},[55,134612,2767],{"class":1210},[55,134614,2764],{"class":91},[55,134616,2350],{"class":1210},[20,134618,134619,134620,92],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[166,134621,1686,134622,1689],{"href":41948},[15,134623,47454],{},[1003,134625,134627,134629],{"id":134626},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134628,3556],{}," values do not work directly",[46,134631,134633],{"className":48,"code":134632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134634,134635,134663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134636,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134638,3601],{"class":61},[55,134640,66],{"class":65},[55,134642,3400],{"class":91},[55,134644,228],{"class":69},[55,134646,3860],{"class":73},[55,134648,228],{"class":69},[55,134650,2764],{"class":91},[55,134652,3632],{"class":3631},[55,134654,2764],{"class":91},[55,134656,70],{"class":69},[55,134658,3869],{"class":73},[55,134660,228],{"class":69},[55,134662,3413],{"class":91},[55,134664,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134666,106],{"class":105},[55,134668,109],{"class":91},[55,134670,228],{"class":69},[55,134672,1963],{"class":73},[55,134674,228],{"class":69},[55,134676,92],{"class":91},[55,134678,133265],{"class":95},[55,134680,109],{"class":91},[55,134682,5142],{"class":95},[55,134684,1273],{"class":91},[20,134686,134687,134688,92],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134689,2780],{},[20,134691,134692],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[46,134694,134696],{"className":48,"code":134695,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134697,134698,134726,134756,134760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134699,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134701,3601],{"class":61},[55,134703,66],{"class":65},[55,134705,3400],{"class":91},[55,134707,228],{"class":69},[55,134709,3860],{"class":73},[55,134711,228],{"class":69},[55,134713,2764],{"class":91},[55,134715,3632],{"class":3631},[55,134717,2764],{"class":91},[55,134719,70],{"class":69},[55,134721,3869],{"class":73},[55,134723,228],{"class":69},[55,134725,3413],{"class":91},[55,134727,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134729,83],{"class":61},[55,134731,66],{"class":65},[55,134733,70],{"class":69},[55,134735,1963],{"class":73},[55,134737,228],{"class":69},[55,134739,92],{"class":91},[55,134741,133265],{"class":95},[55,134743,109],{"class":91},[55,134745,39632],{"class":105},[55,134747,109],{"class":91},[55,134749,3220],{"class":1265},[55,134751,2764],{"class":91},[55,134753,3665],{"class":95},[55,134755,1273],{"class":91},[55,134757,134758],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,134759,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,134761,134762,134764,134766,134768],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,134763,106],{"class":105},[55,134765,109],{"class":91},[55,134767,112],{"class":95},[55,134769,342],{"class":91},[20,134771,357],{},[46,134773,134775],{"className":48,"code":134774,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134776,134777],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134778,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134780,3860],{"class":61},[55,134782,2764],{"class":91},[55,134784,3632],{"class":3631},[55,134786,2764],{"class":91},[55,134788,134789],{"class":61}," banana\n",[20,134791,134792,134793,134795],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134794,3556],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1003,134797,134799,134801],{"id":134798},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134800,133188],{}," also works with tuples",[46,134803,134805],{"className":48,"code":134804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134806,134807,134839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134808,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134810,4778],{"class":61},[55,134812,66],{"class":65},[55,134814,9016],{"class":91},[55,134816,228],{"class":69},[55,134818,7460],{"class":73},[55,134820,228],{"class":69},[55,134822,2764],{"class":91},[55,134824,70],{"class":69},[55,134826,131195],{"class":73},[55,134828,228],{"class":69},[55,134830,2764],{"class":91},[55,134832,70],{"class":69},[55,134834,7705],{"class":73},[55,134836,228],{"class":69},[55,134838,342],{"class":91},[55,134840,134841,134843,134845,134847,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134842,106],{"class":105},[55,134844,109],{"class":91},[55,134846,228],{"class":69},[55,134848,134849],{"class":73}," \u002F ",[55,134851,228],{"class":69},[55,134853,92],{"class":91},[55,134855,133265],{"class":95},[55,134857,109],{"class":91},[55,134859,4822],{"class":95},[55,134861,1273],{"class":91},[20,134863,357],{},[46,134865,134867],{"className":48,"code":134866,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134868,134869],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134870,134871,134874,134876,134879,134881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134872,134873],{"class":61},"Sam ",[55,134875,127002],{"class":65},[55,134877,134878],{"class":61}," Lee ",[55,134880,127002],{"class":65},[55,134882,22110],{"class":61},[131,134884,134886,134887],{"id":134885},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134888,133188],{},[20,134890,134891],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1003,134893,134895,134896,134898],{"id":134894},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134897,2780],{}," because not all items are strings",[46,134900,134902],{"className":48,"code":134901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134903,134904,134932],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134905,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134907,7563],{"class":61},[55,134909,66],{"class":65},[55,134911,3400],{"class":91},[55,134913,228],{"class":69},[55,134915,166],{"class":73},[55,134917,228],{"class":69},[55,134919,2764],{"class":91},[55,134921,2767],{"class":1210},[55,134923,2764],{"class":91},[55,134925,70],{"class":69},[55,134927,9520],{"class":73},[55,134929,228],{"class":69},[55,134931,3413],{"class":91},[55,134933,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134935,106],{"class":105},[55,134937,109],{"class":91},[55,134939,228],{"class":69},[55,134941,70],{"class":69},[55,134943,92],{"class":91},[55,134945,133265],{"class":95},[55,134947,109],{"class":91},[55,134949,7594],{"class":95},[55,134951,1273],{"class":91},[20,134953,48281,134954,134956],{},[15,134955,1829],{}," is an integer.",[20,134958,39034],{},[46,134960,134962],{"className":48,"code":134961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134963,134964,134992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134965,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134967,7563],{"class":61},[55,134969,66],{"class":65},[55,134971,3400],{"class":91},[55,134973,228],{"class":69},[55,134975,166],{"class":73},[55,134977,228],{"class":69},[55,134979,2764],{"class":91},[55,134981,2767],{"class":1210},[55,134983,2764],{"class":91},[55,134985,70],{"class":69},[55,134987,9520],{"class":73},[55,134989,228],{"class":69},[55,134991,3413],{"class":91},[55,134993,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,134995,106],{"class":105},[55,134997,109],{"class":91},[55,134999,228],{"class":69},[55,135001,70],{"class":69},[55,135003,92],{"class":91},[55,135005,133265],{"class":95},[55,135007,109],{"class":91},[55,135009,39632],{"class":105},[55,135011,109],{"class":91},[55,135013,3220],{"class":1265},[55,135015,2764],{"class":91},[55,135017,5751],{"class":95},[55,135019,2685],{"class":91},[20,135021,135022,135023,92],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[166,135024,25454,135026],{"href":135025},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135027,135028],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1003,135030,135032,135033,135035],{"id":135031},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135034,133188],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135037,4308],{},[46,135039,135041],{"className":48,"code":135040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135042,135043,135075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135044,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135046,3851],{"class":61},[55,135048,66],{"class":65},[55,135050,3400],{"class":91},[55,135052,228],{"class":69},[55,135054,7082],{"class":73},[55,135056,228],{"class":69},[55,135058,2764],{"class":91},[55,135060,70],{"class":69},[55,135062,11974],{"class":73},[55,135064,228],{"class":69},[55,135066,2764],{"class":91},[55,135068,70],{"class":69},[55,135070,133246],{"class":73},[55,135072,228],{"class":69},[55,135074,3413],{"class":91},[55,135076,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,135078,83],{"class":61},[55,135080,66],{"class":65},[55,135082,5954],{"class":61},[55,135084,92],{"class":91},[55,135086,133265],{"class":95},[55,135088,109],{"class":91},[55,135090,228],{"class":69},[55,135092,70],{"class":69},[55,135094,342],{"class":91},[20,135096,135097,135099],{},[15,135098,133188],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135101,10588],{},[46,135103,135105],{"className":48,"code":135104,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135106,135107,135139,135159,135163],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135108,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135110,3851],{"class":61},[55,135112,66],{"class":65},[55,135114,3400],{"class":91},[55,135116,228],{"class":69},[55,135118,7082],{"class":73},[55,135120,228],{"class":69},[55,135122,2764],{"class":91},[55,135124,70],{"class":69},[55,135126,11974],{"class":73},[55,135128,228],{"class":69},[55,135130,2764],{"class":91},[55,135132,70],{"class":69},[55,135134,133246],{"class":73},[55,135136,228],{"class":69},[55,135138,3413],{"class":91},[55,135140,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,135142,83],{"class":61},[55,135144,66],{"class":65},[55,135146,70],{"class":69},[55,135148,70],{"class":69},[55,135150,92],{"class":91},[55,135152,133265],{"class":95},[55,135154,109],{"class":91},[55,135156,3895],{"class":95},[55,135158,342],{"class":91},[55,135160,135161],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,135162,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,135164,135165,135167,135169,135171],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,135166,106],{"class":105},[55,135168,109],{"class":91},[55,135170,112],{"class":95},[55,135172,342],{"class":91},[1003,135174,135176],{"id":135175},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[46,135178,135180],{"className":48,"code":135179,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135181,135182,135214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135183,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135185,3851],{"class":61},[55,135187,66],{"class":65},[55,135189,3400],{"class":91},[55,135191,228],{"class":69},[55,135193,6371],{"class":73},[55,135195,228],{"class":69},[55,135197,2764],{"class":91},[55,135199,70],{"class":69},[55,135201,79044],{"class":73},[55,135203,228],{"class":69},[55,135205,2764],{"class":91},[55,135207,70],{"class":69},[55,135209,133992],{"class":73},[55,135211,228],{"class":69},[55,135213,3413],{"class":91},[55,135215,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,135217,106],{"class":105},[55,135219,109],{"class":91},[55,135221,6058],{"class":69},[55,135223,92],{"class":91},[55,135225,133265],{"class":95},[55,135227,109],{"class":91},[55,135229,3895],{"class":95},[55,135231,1273],{"class":91},[20,135233,357],{},[46,135235,135237],{"className":48,"code":135236,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"onetwothree\n",[15,135238,135239],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135240,135241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135242,135236],{"class":61},[20,135244,135245,135246,6417],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135247,133333],{},[1003,135249,135251,135252,131457],{"id":135250},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135253,133188],{},[46,135255,135257],{"className":48,"code":135256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135258,135259,135291,135309,135313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135260,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135262,3851],{"class":61},[55,135264,66],{"class":65},[55,135266,3400],{"class":91},[55,135268,228],{"class":69},[55,135270,166],{"class":73},[55,135272,228],{"class":69},[55,135274,2764],{"class":91},[55,135276,70],{"class":69},[55,135278,4543],{"class":73},[55,135280,228],{"class":69},[55,135282,2764],{"class":91},[55,135284,70],{"class":69},[55,135286,9520],{"class":73},[55,135288,228],{"class":69},[55,135290,3413],{"class":91},[55,135292,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,135294,228],{"class":43101},[55,135296,1794],{"class":43105},[55,135298,228],{"class":43101},[55,135300,92],{"class":91},[55,135302,133265],{"class":95},[55,135304,109],{"class":91},[55,135306,3895],{"class":95},[55,135308,342],{"class":91},[55,135310,135311],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,135312,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,135314,135315,135317,135319,135321],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,135316,106],{"class":105},[55,135318,109],{"class":91},[55,135320,3895],{"class":95},[55,135322,342],{"class":91},[20,135324,357],{},[46,135326,135327],{"className":48,"code":42648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,135328,135329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135330,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135332,3680],{"class":91},[55,135334,3077],{"class":69},[55,135336,166],{"class":73},[55,135338,3077],{"class":69},[55,135340,2764],{"class":91},[55,135342,3072],{"class":69},[55,135344,4543],{"class":73},[55,135346,3077],{"class":69},[55,135348,2764],{"class":91},[55,135350,3072],{"class":69},[55,135352,9520],{"class":73},[55,135354,3077],{"class":69},[55,135356,3413],{"class":91},[20,135358,135359,135360,135362],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135361,133188],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[131,135364,135366,135368,135369],{"id":135365},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135367,133188],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135370,1832],{},[20,135372,10371,135373,1377,135375,135377],{},[15,135374,133188],{},[15,135376,1832],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1003,135379,1866,135381,135383],{"id":135380},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135382,1832],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[46,135385,135387],{"className":48,"code":135386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135388,135389,135402,135415,135435,135439],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135390,135391,135394,135396,135398,135400],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135392,135393],{"class":61},"first ",[55,135395,66],{"class":65},[55,135397,70],{"class":69},[55,135399,34637],{"class":73},[55,135401,77],{"class":69},[55,135403,135404,135407,135409,135411,135413],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,135405,135406],{"class":61},"second ",[55,135408,66],{"class":65},[55,135410,70],{"class":69},[55,135412,89510],{"class":73},[55,135414,77],{"class":69},[55,135416,135417,135419,135421,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,135418,83],{"class":61},[55,135420,66],{"class":65},[55,135422,135423],{"class":61}," first ",[55,135425,1832],{"class":65},[55,135427,70],{"class":69},[55,135429,70],{"class":69},[55,135431,2226],{"class":65},[55,135433,135434],{"class":61}," second\n",[55,135436,135437],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,135438,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,135440,135441,135443,135445,135447],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,135442,106],{"class":105},[55,135444,109],{"class":91},[55,135446,112],{"class":95},[55,135448,342],{"class":91},[20,135450,357],{},[46,135452,135454],{"className":48,"code":135453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello World\n",[15,135455,135456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135457,135458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135459,135453],{"class":61},[1003,135461,1866,135463,135465],{"id":135462},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135464,133188],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[46,135467,135469],{"className":48,"code":135468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135470,135471,135513,135533,135537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135472,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135492,135494,135496,135498,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135474,3851],{"class":61},[55,135476,66],{"class":65},[55,135478,3400],{"class":91},[55,135480,228],{"class":69},[55,135482,7082],{"class":73},[55,135484,228],{"class":69},[55,135486,2764],{"class":91},[55,135488,70],{"class":69},[55,135490,135491],{"class":73},"makes",[55,135493,228],{"class":69},[55,135495,2764],{"class":91},[55,135497,70],{"class":69},[55,135499,135500],{"class":73},"this",[55,135502,228],{"class":69},[55,135504,2764],{"class":91},[55,135506,70],{"class":69},[55,135508,133687],{"class":73},[55,135510,228],{"class":69},[55,135512,3413],{"class":91},[55,135514,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,135516,83],{"class":61},[55,135518,66],{"class":65},[55,135520,70],{"class":69},[55,135522,70],{"class":69},[55,135524,92],{"class":91},[55,135526,133265],{"class":95},[55,135528,109],{"class":91},[55,135530,3895],{"class":95},[55,135532,342],{"class":91},[55,135534,135535],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,135536,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,135538,135539,135541,135543,135545],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,135540,106],{"class":105},[55,135542,109],{"class":91},[55,135544,112],{"class":95},[55,135546,342],{"class":91},[20,135548,357],{},[46,135550,135552],{"className":48,"code":135551,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135553,135554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135555,135556],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135557,135551],{"class":61},[20,135559,135560,135562],{},[15,135561,133188],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135564,135565,135568,135571],{},[33,135566,135567],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135569,135570],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135572,135573,135574,135576],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135575,1832],{}," operators",[20,135578,135579,135580,92],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[166,135581,135583],{"href":135582},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[131,135585,135587],{"id":135586},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135589,8654,135590,135592],{},[15,135591,133188],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135594,135595,135598,135603,135612,135618],{},[33,135596,135597],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135599,135600,135601],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135602,3556],{},[33,135604,135605,135606,1012,135609],{},"You may have written ",[15,135607,135608],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135610,135611],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135613,135614,135615,135617],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135616,133188],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135619,135620],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135622,94148],{},[46,135624,135626],{"className":48,"code":135625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135627,135628,135642,135652,135676,135716],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135629,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135631,106],{"class":105},[55,135633,109],{"class":91},[55,135635,1266],{"class":1265},[55,135637,109],{"class":91},[55,135639,7594],{"class":95},[55,135641,1273],{"class":91},[55,135643,135644,135646,135648,135650],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,135645,106],{"class":105},[55,135647,109],{"class":91},[55,135649,7594],{"class":95},[55,135651,342],{"class":91},[55,135653,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,135655,106],{"class":105},[55,135657,2758],{"class":91},[55,135659,1266],{"class":1265},[55,135661,109],{"class":91},[55,135663,23087],{"class":95},[55,135665,115],{"class":91},[55,135667,3656],{"class":487},[55,135669,5746],{"class":95},[55,135671,3662],{"class":487},[55,135673,5751],{"class":95},[55,135675,3668],{"class":91},[55,135677,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,135679,106],{"class":105},[55,135681,109],{"class":91},[55,135683,3077],{"class":69},[55,135685,3072],{"class":69},[55,135687,92],{"class":91},[55,135689,133265],{"class":95},[55,135691,2758],{"class":91},[55,135693,3077],{"class":69},[55,135695,166],{"class":73},[55,135697,3077],{"class":69},[55,135699,2764],{"class":91},[55,135701,3072],{"class":69},[55,135703,4543],{"class":73},[55,135705,3077],{"class":69},[55,135707,2764],{"class":91},[55,135709,3072],{"class":69},[55,135711,9520],{"class":73},[55,135713,3077],{"class":69},[55,135715,2774],{"class":91},[55,135717,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,135719,106],{"class":105},[55,135721,109],{"class":91},[55,135723,3077],{"class":69},[55,135725,1963],{"class":73},[55,135727,3077],{"class":69},[55,135729,92],{"class":91},[55,135731,133265],{"class":95},[55,135733,109],{"class":91},[55,135735,39632],{"class":105},[55,135737,109],{"class":91},[55,135739,3220],{"class":1265},[55,135741,2764],{"class":91},[55,135743,3400],{"class":91},[55,135745,2761],{"class":1210},[55,135747,2764],{"class":91},[55,135749,2767],{"class":1210},[55,135751,2764],{"class":91},[55,135753,2223],{"class":1210},[55,135755,37036],{"class":91},[20,135757,135758],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135760,135761,135769,135775,135781,135790],{},[33,135762,135763,135766,135767,7880],{},[15,135764,135765],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135768,7594],{},[33,135770,135771,135774],{},[15,135772,135773],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135776,135777,135780],{},[15,135778,135779],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135782,135783,135786,135787,135789],{},[15,135784,135785],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135788,133188],{}," behavior",[33,135791,135792,135795],{},[15,135793,135794],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[131,135797,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,135799,1581,135801,135803],{"id":135800},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135802,133188],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135805,135806,135807,135809,135810,92],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135808,133188],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135811,135812],{},"map(str, values)",[1003,135814,1581,135816,56935],{"id":135815},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135817,133188],{},[20,135819,135820],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1003,135822,1613,135824,62407],{"id":135823},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135825,133188],{},[20,135827,41925,135828,135830],{},[15,135829,133188],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1003,135832,1603,135834,39733],{"id":135833},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135835,135836],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135838,135839],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1003,135841,135843,135844,135846,135847,1631],{"id":135842},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135845,2780],{}," when using ",[15,135848,133188],{},[20,135850,135851],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[131,135853,1643],{"id":1642},[30,135855,135856,135861,135867,135873,135879],{},[33,135857,135858],{},[166,135859,135860],{"href":135582},"How to join strings in Python",[33,135862,135863],{},[166,135864,1570,135865,1573],{"href":128796},[15,135866,60304],{},[33,135868,135869],{},[166,135870,1686,135871,1689],{"href":41948},[15,135872,47454],{},[33,135874,135875],{},[166,135876,30119,135877],{"href":135025},[15,135878,135028],{},[33,135880,135881],{},[166,135882,124866],{"href":173},[20,135884,97117,135885,135887],{},[15,135886,133188],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1696,135889,135890],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":135892},[135893,135894,135896,135899,135906,135916,135924,135934,135941,135942,135954],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":133305,"depth":80,"text":135895},"What join() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":135897},[135898],{"id":48780,"depth":102,"text":48781},{"id":121651,"depth":80,"text":121652,"children":135900},[135901,135902,135903,135904],{"id":133652,"depth":102,"text":133653},{"id":133744,"depth":102,"text":133745},{"id":133845,"depth":102,"text":133846},{"id":133954,"depth":102,"text":135905},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134057,"depth":80,"text":134058,"children":135907},[135908,135910,135912,135914],{"id":134064,"depth":102,"text":135909},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134130,"depth":102,"text":135911},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134219,"depth":102,"text":135913},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134305,"depth":102,"text":135915},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134380,"depth":80,"text":134381,"children":135917},[135918,135919,135920,135922],{"id":134389,"depth":102,"text":134390},{"id":134472,"depth":102,"text":134473},{"id":134626,"depth":102,"text":135921},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134798,"depth":102,"text":135923},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134885,"depth":80,"text":135925,"children":135926},"Common errors with join()",[135927,135929,135931,135932],{"id":134894,"depth":102,"text":135928},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135031,"depth":102,"text":135930},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135175,"depth":102,"text":135176},{"id":135250,"depth":102,"text":135933},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135365,"depth":80,"text":135935,"children":135936},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135937,135939],{"id":135380,"depth":102,"text":135938},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135462,"depth":102,"text":135940},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135586,"depth":80,"text":135587},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":135943},[135944,135946,135948,135950,135952],{"id":135800,"depth":102,"text":135945},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135815,"depth":102,"text":135947},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135823,"depth":102,"text":135949},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135833,"depth":102,"text":135951},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135842,"depth":102,"text":135953},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137376,"toc":138886},[137377,137382,137387,137393,137408,137410,137470,137472,137481,137487,137492,137497,137499,137513,137517,137519,137566,137568,137586,137588,137591,137662,137664,137678,137681,137693,137702,137706,137711,137716,137720,137786,137788,137797,137801,137866,137868,137877,137880,137885,137889,137894,137898,137959,137961,137970,137974,137977,138033,138035,138044,138047,138060,138062,138066,138073,138135,138137,138150,138156,138159,138166,138171,138176,138179,138187,138189,138250,138252,138261,138264,138311,138314,138361,138363,138368,138385,138392,138397,138450,138452,138460,138462,138519,138521,138529,138533,138580,138582,138590,138598,138602,138650,138652,138661,138666,138717,138719,138728,138735,138738,138759,138761,138766,138769,138773,138776,138780,138783,138810,138816,138819,138846,138851,138853,138855,138883],[10,137378,13,137380,18],{"id":137379},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137381,1669],{},[20,137383,22,137384,137386],{},[15,137385,1669],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137388,137389,137390,137392],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137391,1669],{},". You will learn:",[30,137394,137395,137399,137402,137405],{},[33,137396,25792,137397,137],{},[15,137398,1669],{},[33,137400,137401],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137403,137404],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137406,137407],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[131,137409,1775],{"id":1774},[46,137411,137413],{"className":48,"code":137412,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137414,137415,137428,137460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137416,137417,137419,137421,137423,137426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137418,62],{"class":61},[55,137420,66],{"class":65},[55,137422,70],{"class":69},[55,137424,137425],{"class":73},"I like cats",[55,137427,77],{"class":69},[55,137429,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440,137442,137444,137447,137449,137451,137453,137456,137458],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137431,129946],{"class":61},[55,137433,66],{"class":65},[55,137435,88],{"class":61},[55,137437,92],{"class":91},[55,137439,34769],{"class":95},[55,137441,109],{"class":91},[55,137443,228],{"class":69},[55,137445,137446],{"class":73},"cats",[55,137448,228],{"class":69},[55,137450,2764],{"class":91},[55,137452,70],{"class":69},[55,137454,137455],{"class":73},"dogs",[55,137457,228],{"class":69},[55,137459,342],{"class":91},[55,137461,137462,137464,137466,137468],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,137463,106],{"class":105},[55,137465,109],{"class":91},[55,137467,129977],{"class":95},[55,137469,342],{"class":91},[20,137471,357],{},[46,137473,137475],{"className":48,"code":137474,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like dogs\n",[15,137476,137477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137478,137479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137480,137474],{"class":61},[20,137482,1866,137483,137486],{},[15,137484,137485],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[131,137488,134,137490,137],{"id":137489},"what-replace-does",[15,137491,1669],{},[20,137493,137494,137496],{},[15,137495,1669],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137498,145],{},[30,137500,137501,137503,137505,137508],{},[33,137502,133354],{},[33,137504,161],{},[33,137506,137507],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137509,137510,137511],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137512,41033],{},[20,137514,164,137515,92],{},[166,137516,124866],{"href":173},[131,137518,5215],{"id":5214},[46,137520,137522],{"className":48,"code":137521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137523,137524,137544],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137525,137526,137528,137530,137532,137534,137537,137539,137542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137527,191],{"class":61},[55,137529,92],{"class":91},[55,137531,34769],{"class":95},[55,137533,109],{"class":91},[55,137535,137536],{"class":95},"old",[55,137538,2764],{"class":91},[55,137540,137541],{"class":95}," new",[55,137543,342],{"class":91},[55,137545,137546,137548,137550,137552,137554,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137547,191],{"class":61},[55,137549,92],{"class":91},[55,137551,34769],{"class":95},[55,137553,109],{"class":91},[55,137555,137536],{"class":95},[55,137557,2764],{"class":91},[55,137559,137541],{"class":95},[55,137561,2764],{"class":91},[55,137563,49373],{"class":95},[55,137565,342],{"class":91},[1003,137567,17173],{"id":17172},[30,137569,137570,137575,137581],{},[33,137571,137572,137574],{},[15,137573,137536],{}," = the text to find",[33,137576,137577,137580],{},[15,137578,137579],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137582,137583,137585],{},[15,137584,41033],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[131,137587,5572],{"id":5571},[20,137589,137590],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[46,137592,137594],{"className":48,"code":137593,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137595,137596,137608,137638,137642,137652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137597,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137599,62],{"class":61},[55,137601,66],{"class":65},[55,137603,70],{"class":69},[55,137605,137425],{"class":73},[55,137607,77],{"class":69},[55,137609,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137611,129946],{"class":61},[55,137613,66],{"class":65},[55,137615,88],{"class":61},[55,137617,92],{"class":91},[55,137619,34769],{"class":95},[55,137621,109],{"class":91},[55,137623,228],{"class":69},[55,137625,137446],{"class":73},[55,137627,228],{"class":69},[55,137629,2764],{"class":91},[55,137631,70],{"class":69},[55,137633,137455],{"class":73},[55,137635,228],{"class":69},[55,137637,342],{"class":91},[55,137639,137640],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,137641,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,137643,137644,137646,137648,137650],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,137645,106],{"class":105},[55,137647,109],{"class":91},[55,137649,352],{"class":95},[55,137651,342],{"class":91},[55,137653,137654,137656,137658,137660],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,137655,106],{"class":105},[55,137657,109],{"class":91},[55,137659,129977],{"class":95},[55,137661,342],{"class":91},[20,137663,357],{},[46,137665,137667],{"className":48,"code":137666,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137668,137669,137674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137670,137671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137672,137673],{"class":61},"I like cats\n",[55,137675,137676],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137677,137474],{"class":61},[20,137679,137680],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,137682,137683,137688],{},[33,137684,137685,137687],{},[15,137686,352],{}," did not change",[33,137689,137690,137692],{},[15,137691,129977],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137694,137695,137696,137698,137699,137701],{},"This happens because strings are ",[123,137697,889],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137700,1669],{}," return a new string instead.",[131,137703,137705],{"id":137704},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137707,89471,137708,137710],{},[15,137709,1669],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137712,137713,137714,36392],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137715,41033],{},[1003,137717,137719],{"id":137718},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[46,137721,137723],{"className":48,"code":137722,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137724,137725,137738,137772,137776],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137726,137727,137729,137731,137733,137736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137728,62],{"class":61},[55,137730,66],{"class":65},[55,137732,70],{"class":69},[55,137734,137735],{"class":73},"cat cat cat",[55,137737,77],{"class":69},[55,137739,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137741,83],{"class":61},[55,137743,66],{"class":65},[55,137745,88],{"class":61},[55,137747,92],{"class":91},[55,137749,34769],{"class":95},[55,137751,109],{"class":91},[55,137753,228],{"class":69},[55,137755,36818],{"class":73},[55,137757,228],{"class":69},[55,137759,2764],{"class":91},[55,137761,70],{"class":69},[55,137763,57899],{"class":73},[55,137765,228],{"class":69},[55,137767,2764],{"class":91},[55,137769,5282],{"class":1210},[55,137771,342],{"class":91},[55,137773,137774],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,137775,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,137777,137778,137780,137782,137784],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,137779,106],{"class":105},[55,137781,109],{"class":91},[55,137783,112],{"class":95},[55,137785,342],{"class":91},[20,137787,357],{},[46,137789,137791],{"className":48,"code":137790,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137792,137793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137794,137795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137796,137790],{"class":61},[1003,137798,137800],{"id":137799},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[46,137802,137804],{"className":48,"code":137803,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137805,137806,137818,137852,137856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137807,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137809,62],{"class":61},[55,137811,66],{"class":65},[55,137813,70],{"class":69},[55,137815,137735],{"class":73},[55,137817,77],{"class":69},[55,137819,137820,137822,137824,137826,137828,137830,137832,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137821,83],{"class":61},[55,137823,66],{"class":65},[55,137825,88],{"class":61},[55,137827,92],{"class":91},[55,137829,34769],{"class":95},[55,137831,109],{"class":91},[55,137833,228],{"class":69},[55,137835,36818],{"class":73},[55,137837,228],{"class":69},[55,137839,2764],{"class":91},[55,137841,70],{"class":69},[55,137843,57899],{"class":73},[55,137845,228],{"class":69},[55,137847,2764],{"class":91},[55,137849,2767],{"class":1210},[55,137851,342],{"class":91},[55,137853,137854],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,137855,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,137857,137858,137860,137862,137864],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,137859,106],{"class":105},[55,137861,109],{"class":91},[55,137863,112],{"class":95},[55,137865,342],{"class":91},[20,137867,357],{},[46,137869,137871],{"className":48,"code":137870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137872,137873],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137874,137875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137876,137870],{"class":61},[20,137878,137879],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137881,137882,137883,92],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[166,137884,127834],{"href":124284},[131,137886,137888],{"id":137887},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137890,137891,137893],{},[15,137892,1669],{}," can also change single characters.",[1003,137895,137897],{"id":137896},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[46,137899,137901],{"className":48,"code":137900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137902,137903,137915,137945,137949],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137904,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137906,62],{"class":61},[55,137908,66],{"class":65},[55,137910,70],{"class":69},[55,137912,3869],{"class":73},[55,137914,77],{"class":69},[55,137916,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933,137935,137937,137939,137941,137943],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137918,83],{"class":61},[55,137920,66],{"class":65},[55,137922,88],{"class":61},[55,137924,92],{"class":91},[55,137926,34769],{"class":95},[55,137928,109],{"class":91},[55,137930,228],{"class":69},[55,137932,166],{"class":73},[55,137934,228],{"class":69},[55,137936,2764],{"class":91},[55,137938,70],{"class":69},[55,137940,60246],{"class":73},[55,137942,228],{"class":69},[55,137944,342],{"class":91},[55,137946,137947],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,137948,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,137952,106],{"class":105},[55,137954,109],{"class":91},[55,137956,112],{"class":95},[55,137958,342],{"class":91},[20,137960,357],{},[46,137962,137964],{"className":48,"code":137963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bonono\n",[15,137965,137966],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137967,137968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137969,137963],{"class":61},[1003,137971,137973],{"id":137972},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137975,137976],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[46,137978,137980],{"className":48,"code":137979,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137981,137982,137995,138019,138023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990,137993],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137985,62],{"class":61},[55,137987,66],{"class":65},[55,137989,70],{"class":69},[55,137991,137992],{"class":73},"a b c",[55,137994,77],{"class":69},[55,137996,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,137998,83],{"class":61},[55,138000,66],{"class":65},[55,138002,88],{"class":61},[55,138004,92],{"class":91},[55,138006,34769],{"class":95},[55,138008,109],{"class":91},[55,138010,228],{"class":69},[55,138012,70],{"class":69},[55,138014,2764],{"class":91},[55,138016,5912],{"class":69},[55,138018,342],{"class":91},[55,138020,138021],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,138022,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,138024,138025,138027,138029,138031],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,138026,106],{"class":105},[55,138028,109],{"class":91},[55,138030,112],{"class":95},[55,138032,342],{"class":91},[20,138034,357],{},[46,138036,138038],{"className":48,"code":138037,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abc\n",[15,138039,138040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138041,138042],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138043,138037],{"class":61},[20,138045,138046],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138048,138049,138050,138054,138055,138059],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[166,138051,1570,138052,1573],{"href":128796},[15,138053,60304],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[166,138056,1570,138057,1573],{"href":818},[15,138058,821],{}," is often a better choice.",[131,138061,123764],{"id":123763},[20,138063,138064,123575],{},[15,138065,1669],{},[20,138067,127155,138068,1377,138070,127162],{},[15,138069,112805],{},[15,138071,138072],{},"\"Cat\"",[46,138074,138076],{"className":48,"code":138075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138077,138078,138091,138121,138125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138079,138080,138082,138084,138086,138089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138081,62],{"class":61},[55,138083,66],{"class":65},[55,138085,70],{"class":69},[55,138087,138088],{"class":73},"Cat cat CAT",[55,138090,77],{"class":69},[55,138092,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138094,83],{"class":61},[55,138096,66],{"class":65},[55,138098,88],{"class":61},[55,138100,92],{"class":91},[55,138102,34769],{"class":95},[55,138104,109],{"class":91},[55,138106,228],{"class":69},[55,138108,36818],{"class":73},[55,138110,228],{"class":69},[55,138112,2764],{"class":91},[55,138114,70],{"class":69},[55,138116,57899],{"class":73},[55,138118,228],{"class":69},[55,138120,342],{"class":91},[55,138122,138123],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,138124,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,138126,138127,138129,138131,138133],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,138128,106],{"class":105},[55,138130,109],{"class":91},[55,138132,112],{"class":95},[55,138134,342],{"class":91},[20,138136,357],{},[46,138138,138140],{"className":48,"code":138139,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138141,138142],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138143,138144,138147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138145,138146],{"class":61},"Cat dog ",[55,138148,138149],{"class":375},"CAT\n",[20,138151,138152,138153,138155],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138154,112805],{}," was replaced.",[20,138157,138158],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138160,138161,138162,92],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[166,138163,1570,138164,1573],{"href":123844},[15,138165,17],{},[131,138167,134,138169,11485],{"id":138168},"what-replace-returns",[15,138170,1669],{},[20,138172,138173,138175],{},[15,138174,1669],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138177,138178],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138180,138181,138184],{},[33,138182,138183],{},"no error happens",[33,138185,138186],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138188,214],{},[46,138190,138192],{"className":48,"code":138191,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138193,138194,138206,138236,138240],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138195,138196,138198,138200,138202,138204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138197,62],{"class":61},[55,138199,66],{"class":65},[55,138201,70],{"class":69},[55,138203,3624],{"class":73},[55,138205,77],{"class":69},[55,138207,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138209,83],{"class":61},[55,138211,66],{"class":65},[55,138213,88],{"class":61},[55,138215,92],{"class":91},[55,138217,34769],{"class":95},[55,138219,109],{"class":91},[55,138221,228],{"class":69},[55,138223,1947],{"class":73},[55,138225,228],{"class":69},[55,138227,2764],{"class":91},[55,138229,70],{"class":69},[55,138231,11525],{"class":73},[55,138233,228],{"class":69},[55,138235,342],{"class":91},[55,138237,138238],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,138239,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,138241,138242,138244,138246,138248],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,138243,106],{"class":105},[55,138245,109],{"class":91},[55,138247,112],{"class":95},[55,138249,342],{"class":91},[20,138251,357],{},[46,138253,138255],{"className":48,"code":138254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello\n",[15,138256,138257],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138258,138259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138260,138254],{"class":61},[20,138262,138263],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[46,138265,138267],{"className":48,"code":138266,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138268,138269,138281],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138270,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138272,62],{"class":61},[55,138274,66],{"class":65},[55,138276,70],{"class":69},[55,138278,60179],{"class":73},[55,138280,77],{"class":69},[55,138282,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138284,129946],{"class":61},[55,138286,66],{"class":65},[55,138288,88],{"class":61},[55,138290,92],{"class":91},[55,138292,34769],{"class":95},[55,138294,109],{"class":91},[55,138296,228],{"class":69},[55,138298,60364],{"class":73},[55,138300,228],{"class":69},[55,138302,2764],{"class":91},[55,138304,70],{"class":69},[55,138306,7082],{"class":73},[55,138308,228],{"class":69},[55,138310,342],{"class":91},[20,138312,138313],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[46,138315,138317],{"className":48,"code":138316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138318,138319,138331],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138322,62],{"class":61},[55,138324,66],{"class":65},[55,138326,70],{"class":69},[55,138328,60179],{"class":73},[55,138330,77],{"class":69},[55,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138334,62],{"class":61},[55,138336,66],{"class":65},[55,138338,88],{"class":61},[55,138340,92],{"class":91},[55,138342,34769],{"class":95},[55,138344,109],{"class":91},[55,138346,228],{"class":69},[55,138348,60364],{"class":73},[55,138350,228],{"class":69},[55,138352,2764],{"class":91},[55,138354,70],{"class":69},[55,138356,7082],{"class":73},[55,138358,228],{"class":69},[55,138360,342],{"class":91},[131,138362,4301],{"id":4300},[20,138364,138365,138366,539],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138367,1669],{},[30,138369,138370,138373,138377,138380],{},[33,138371,138372],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138374,8235,138375,131327],{},[15,138376,1669],{},[33,138378,138379],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138381,36975,138382,138384],{},[15,138383,1669],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1003,138386,138388,138389,138391],{"id":138387},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138390,1669],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138393,138394,138395,539],{},"This does not update ",[15,138396,352],{},[46,138398,138400],{"className":48,"code":138399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138401,138402,138414,138440],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138403,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138405,62],{"class":61},[55,138407,66],{"class":65},[55,138409,70],{"class":69},[55,138411,137425],{"class":73},[55,138413,77],{"class":69},[55,138415,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138417,352],{"class":61},[55,138419,92],{"class":91},[55,138421,34769],{"class":95},[55,138423,109],{"class":91},[55,138425,228],{"class":69},[55,138427,137446],{"class":73},[55,138429,228],{"class":69},[55,138431,2764],{"class":91},[55,138433,70],{"class":69},[55,138435,137455],{"class":73},[55,138437,228],{"class":69},[55,138439,342],{"class":91},[55,138441,138442,138444,138446,138448],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,138443,106],{"class":105},[55,138445,109],{"class":91},[55,138447,352],{"class":95},[55,138449,342],{"class":91},[20,138451,357],{},[46,138453,138454],{"className":48,"code":137673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,138455,138456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138457,138458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138459,137673],{"class":61},[20,138461,10588],{},[46,138463,138465],{"className":48,"code":138464,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138466,138467,138479,138509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138468,138469,138471,138473,138475,138477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138470,62],{"class":61},[55,138472,66],{"class":65},[55,138474,70],{"class":69},[55,138476,137425],{"class":73},[55,138478,77],{"class":69},[55,138480,138481,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138482,62],{"class":61},[55,138484,66],{"class":65},[55,138486,88],{"class":61},[55,138488,92],{"class":91},[55,138490,34769],{"class":95},[55,138492,109],{"class":91},[55,138494,228],{"class":69},[55,138496,137446],{"class":73},[55,138498,228],{"class":69},[55,138500,2764],{"class":91},[55,138502,70],{"class":69},[55,138504,137455],{"class":73},[55,138506,228],{"class":69},[55,138508,342],{"class":91},[55,138510,138511,138513,138515,138517],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,138512,106],{"class":105},[55,138514,109],{"class":91},[55,138516,352],{"class":95},[55,138518,342],{"class":91},[20,138520,357],{},[46,138522,138523],{"className":48,"code":137474,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,138524,138525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138526,138527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138528,137474],{"class":61},[1003,138530,138532],{"id":138531},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[46,138534,138536],{"className":48,"code":138535,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138537,138538,138550],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138539,138540,138542,138544,138546,138548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138541,62],{"class":61},[55,138543,66],{"class":65},[55,138545,70],{"class":69},[55,138547,34637],{"class":73},[55,138549,77],{"class":69},[55,138551,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138553,106],{"class":105},[55,138555,109],{"class":91},[55,138557,352],{"class":95},[55,138559,92],{"class":91},[55,138561,34769],{"class":95},[55,138563,109],{"class":91},[55,138565,228],{"class":69},[55,138567,3624],{"class":73},[55,138569,228],{"class":69},[55,138571,2764],{"class":91},[55,138573,70],{"class":69},[55,138575,89706],{"class":73},[55,138577,228],{"class":69},[55,138579,1273],{"class":91},[20,138581,357],{},[46,138583,138584],{"className":48,"code":88721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,138585,138586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138587,138588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138589,88721],{"class":61},[20,138591,138592,138593,1377,138595,138597],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138594,64307],{},[15,138596,90187],{}," are not the same.",[1003,138599,138601],{"id":138600},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[46,138603,138605],{"className":48,"code":138604,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138606,138607,138620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138608,138609,138611,138613,138615,138618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138610,62],{"class":61},[55,138612,66],{"class":65},[55,138614,70],{"class":69},[55,138616,138617],{"class":73},"red red red",[55,138619,77],{"class":69},[55,138621,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138623,106],{"class":105},[55,138625,109],{"class":91},[55,138627,352],{"class":95},[55,138629,92],{"class":91},[55,138631,34769],{"class":95},[55,138633,109],{"class":91},[55,138635,228],{"class":69},[55,138637,12872],{"class":73},[55,138639,228],{"class":69},[55,138641,2764],{"class":91},[55,138643,70],{"class":69},[55,138645,705],{"class":73},[55,138647,228],{"class":69},[55,138649,1273],{"class":91},[20,138651,357],{},[46,138653,138655],{"className":48,"code":138654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138656,138657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138658,138659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138660,138654],{"class":61},[20,138662,138663,138664,539],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138665,41033],{},[46,138667,138669],{"className":48,"code":138668,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138670,138671,138683],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138672,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138674,62],{"class":61},[55,138676,66],{"class":65},[55,138678,70],{"class":69},[55,138680,138617],{"class":73},[55,138682,77],{"class":69},[55,138684,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138686,106],{"class":105},[55,138688,109],{"class":91},[55,138690,352],{"class":95},[55,138692,92],{"class":91},[55,138694,34769],{"class":95},[55,138696,109],{"class":91},[55,138698,228],{"class":69},[55,138700,12872],{"class":73},[55,138702,228],{"class":69},[55,138704,2764],{"class":91},[55,138706,70],{"class":69},[55,138708,705],{"class":73},[55,138710,228],{"class":69},[55,138712,2764],{"class":91},[55,138714,5282],{"class":1210},[55,138716,1273],{"class":91},[20,138718,357],{},[46,138720,138722],{"className":48,"code":138721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue red red\n",[15,138723,138724],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138725,138726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138727,138721],{"class":61},[1003,138729,138731,138732,138734],{"id":138730},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138733,1669],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138736,138737],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,138739,138740,138747,138754],{},[33,138741,1866,138742,138746],{},[166,138743,138744],{"href":128796},[15,138745,60304],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,138748,1866,138749,138753],{},[166,138750,138751],{"href":818},[15,138752,821],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,138755,1866,138756,138758],{},[15,138757,1669],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[131,138760,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,138762,1581,138764,1584],{"id":138763},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138765,1669],{},[20,138767,138768],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1003,138770,138772],{"id":138771},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138774,138775],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1003,138777,138779],{"id":138778},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138781,138782],{},"Use the third argument:",[46,138784,138786],{"className":48,"code":138785,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138787,138788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138789,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138791,352],{"class":61},[55,138793,92],{"class":91},[55,138795,34769],{"class":95},[55,138797,109],{"class":91},[55,138799,137536],{"class":95},[55,138801,2764],{"class":91},[55,138803,137541],{"class":95},[55,138805,2764],{"class":91},[55,138807,5282],{"class":1210},[55,138809,342],{"class":91},[1003,138811,4953,138813,138815],{"id":138812},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138814,1669],{}," remove text?",[20,138817,138818],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[46,138820,138822],{"className":48,"code":138821,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138823,138824],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138825,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138827,352],{"class":61},[55,138829,92],{"class":91},[55,138831,34769],{"class":95},[55,138833,109],{"class":91},[55,138835,228],{"class":69},[55,138837,1947],{"class":73},[55,138839,228],{"class":69},[55,138841,2764],{"class":91},[55,138843,5912],{"class":69},[55,138845,342],{"class":91},[1003,138847,14683,138849,124450],{"id":138848},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138850,1669],{},[20,138852,129637],{},[131,138854,1643],{"id":1642},[30,138856,138857,138861,138867,138873,138879],{},[33,138858,138859],{},[166,138860,124519],{"href":124284},[33,138862,138863],{},[166,138864,1570,138865,1573],{"href":128796},[15,138866,60304],{},[33,138868,138869],{},[166,138870,1570,138871,1573],{"href":818},[15,138872,821],{},[33,138874,138875],{},[166,138876,1570,138877,1573],{"href":123844},[15,138878,17],{},[33,138880,138881],{},[166,138882,124866],{"href":173},[1696,138884,138885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":138887},[138888,138889,138891,138894,138895,138899,138903,138904,138906,138914,138924],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":137489,"depth":80,"text":138890},"What replace() does",{"id":5214,"depth":80,"text":5215,"children":138892},[138893],{"id":17172,"depth":102,"text":17173},{"id":5571,"depth":80,"text":5572},{"id":137704,"depth":80,"text":137705,"children":138896},[138897,138898],{"id":137718,"depth":102,"text":137719},{"id":137799,"depth":102,"text":137800},{"id":137887,"depth":80,"text":137888,"children":138900},[138901,138902],{"id":137896,"depth":102,"text":137897},{"id":137972,"depth":102,"text":137973},{"id":123763,"depth":80,"text":123764},{"id":138168,"depth":80,"text":138905},"What replace() returns",{"id":4300,"depth":80,"text":4301,"children":138907},[138908,138910,138911,138912],{"id":138387,"depth":102,"text":138909},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138531,"depth":102,"text":138532},{"id":138600,"depth":102,"text":138601},{"id":138730,"depth":102,"text":138913},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":138915},[138916,138918,138919,138920,138922],{"id":138763,"depth":102,"text":138917},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138771,"depth":102,"text":138772},{"id":138778,"depth":102,"text":138779},{"id":138812,"depth":102,"text":138921},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138848,"depth":102,"text":138923},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137374,"description":138925},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138932,"title":138933,"body":138934,"description":140953,"extension":1733,"meta":140954,"navigation":248,"path":140955,"seo":140956,"stem":140957,"__hash__":140958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138935,"toc":140917},[138936,138941,138946,138949,138960,138962,139017,139022,139027,139034,139036,139051,139053,139109,139111,139149,139154,139156,139180,139183,139196,139201,139203,139235,139237,139270,139276,139281,139284,139294,139297,139299,139355,139357,139407,139410,139418,139421,139477,139479,139552,139565,139573,139577,139588,139591,139594,139647,139649,139681,139684,139738,139740,139775,139778,139783,139788,139793,139796,139798,139856,139858,139892,139894,139909,139912,139914,139956,139958,139984,139989,139997,140000,140002,140084,140086,140137,140140,140151,140159,140161,140234,140236,140254,140258,140261,140265,140292,140294,140302,140306,140341,140343,140356,140360,140363,140402,140404,140421,140426,140431,140442,140445,140456,140458,140460,140486,140489,140538,140540,140557,140560,140562,140614,140616,140648,140651,140709,140714,140716,140721,140824,140826,140840,140842,140849,140854,140859,140864,140869,140874,140877,140881,140886,140888,140914],[10,138937,13,138939,18],{"id":138938},"python-string-split-method",[15,138940,60304],{},[20,138942,22,138943,138945],{},[15,138944,60304],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138947,138948],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,138950,138951,138954,138957],{},[33,138952,138953],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,138955,138956],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,138958,138959],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[131,138961,1775],{"id":1774},[46,138963,138965],{"className":48,"code":138964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138966,138967,138980,139002,139012],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138968,138969,138971,138973,138975,138978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138970,62],{"class":61},[55,138972,66],{"class":65},[55,138974,70],{"class":69},[55,138976,138977],{"class":73},"apple,banana,cherry",[55,138979,77],{"class":69},[55,138981,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,138983,42610],{"class":61},[55,138985,66],{"class":65},[55,138987,88],{"class":61},[55,138989,92],{"class":91},[55,138991,34241],{"class":95},[55,138993,109],{"class":91},[55,138995,228],{"class":69},[55,138997,2764],{"class":73},[55,138999,228],{"class":69},[55,139001,342],{"class":91},[55,139003,139004,139006,139008,139010],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,139005,106],{"class":105},[55,139007,109],{"class":91},[55,139009,42641],{"class":95},[55,139011,342],{"class":91},[55,139013,139014],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,139015,139016],{"class":118},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139018,1866,139019,139021],{},[15,139020,60304],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[131,139023,134,139025,137],{"id":139024},"what-split-does",[15,139026,60304],{},[20,139028,139029,132154,139031,92],{},[15,139030,60304],{},[123,139032,139033],{},"string method",[20,139035,48698],{},[30,139037,139038,139041,139046],{},[33,139039,139040],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,139042,119423,139043],{},[123,139044,139045],{},"new list of strings",[33,139047,119429,139048,139050],{},[123,139049,902],{}," change the original string",[20,139052,214],{},[46,139054,139056],{"className":48,"code":139055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139057,139058,139071,139085,139089,139099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139059,139060,139062,139064,139066,139069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139061,62],{"class":61},[55,139063,66],{"class":65},[55,139065,70],{"class":69},[55,139067,139068],{"class":73},"red blue green",[55,139070,77],{"class":69},[55,139072,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139074,42610],{"class":61},[55,139076,66],{"class":65},[55,139078,88],{"class":61},[55,139080,92],{"class":91},[55,139082,34241],{"class":95},[55,139084,99],{"class":91},[55,139086,139087],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,139088,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,139090,139091,139093,139095,139097],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,139092,106],{"class":105},[55,139094,109],{"class":91},[55,139096,352],{"class":95},[55,139098,342],{"class":91},[55,139100,139101,139103,139105,139107],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,139102,106],{"class":105},[55,139104,109],{"class":91},[55,139106,42641],{"class":95},[55,139108,342],{"class":91},[20,139110,357],{},[46,139112,139114],{"className":48,"code":139113,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139115,139116,139121],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139117,139118],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139119,139120],{"class":61},"red blue green\n",[55,139122,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139124,3680],{"class":91},[55,139126,3077],{"class":69},[55,139128,12872],{"class":73},[55,139130,3077],{"class":69},[55,139132,2764],{"class":91},[55,139134,3072],{"class":69},[55,139136,705],{"class":73},[55,139138,3077],{"class":69},[55,139140,2764],{"class":91},[55,139142,3072],{"class":69},[55,139144,17232],{"class":73},[55,139146,3077],{"class":69},[55,139148,3413],{"class":91},[20,139150,139151,139152,92],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[166,139153,124866],{"href":173},[131,139155,178],{"id":177},[46,139157,139159],{"className":48,"code":139158,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139160,139161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139162,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139164,191],{"class":61},[55,139166,92],{"class":91},[55,139168,34241],{"class":95},[55,139170,109],{"class":91},[55,139172,133510],{"class":95},[55,139174,2764],{"class":91},[55,139176,139177],{"class":95}," maxsplit",[55,139179,342],{"class":91},[20,139181,139182],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139184,139185,139190],{},[33,139186,139187,139189],{},[15,139188,133510],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139191,139192,139195],{},[15,139193,139194],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139197,8654,139198,139200],{},[15,139199,133510],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139202,214],{},[46,139204,139206],{"className":48,"code":139205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139207,139208,139221],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139209,139210,139212,139214,139216,139219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139211,62],{"class":61},[55,139213,66],{"class":65},[55,139215,70],{"class":69},[55,139217,139218],{"class":73},"one two three",[55,139220,77],{"class":69},[55,139222,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139224,106],{"class":105},[55,139226,109],{"class":91},[55,139228,352],{"class":95},[55,139230,92],{"class":91},[55,139232,34241],{"class":95},[55,139234,1087],{"class":91},[20,139236,357],{},[46,139238,139240],{"className":48,"code":139239,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139241,139242],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139243,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139245,3680],{"class":91},[55,139247,3077],{"class":69},[55,139249,6371],{"class":73},[55,139251,3077],{"class":69},[55,139253,2764],{"class":91},[55,139255,3072],{"class":69},[55,139257,79044],{"class":73},[55,139259,3077],{"class":69},[55,139261,2764],{"class":91},[55,139263,3072],{"class":69},[55,139265,133992],{"class":73},[55,139267,3077],{"class":69},[55,139269,3413],{"class":91},[131,139271,1185,139273,139275],{"id":139272},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139274,60304],{}," with no separator",[20,139277,69947,139278,139280],{},[15,139279,60304],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139282,139283],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139285,139286,139288,139291],{},[33,139287,10233],{},[33,139289,139290],{},"tabs",[33,139292,139293],{},"new lines",[20,139295,139296],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139298,214],{},[46,139300,139302],{"className":48,"code":139301,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139303,139304,139327,139341,139345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139305,139306,139308,139310,139312,139315,139318,139320,139322,139325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139307,62],{"class":61},[55,139309,66],{"class":65},[55,139311,70],{"class":69},[55,139313,139314],{"class":73},"Python   is",[55,139316,139317],{"class":375},"\\t",[55,139319,133246],{"class":73},[55,139321,86925],{"class":375},[55,139323,139324],{"class":73},"and useful",[55,139326,77],{"class":69},[55,139328,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139330,42610],{"class":61},[55,139332,66],{"class":65},[55,139334,88],{"class":61},[55,139336,92],{"class":91},[55,139338,34241],{"class":95},[55,139340,99],{"class":91},[55,139342,139343],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,139344,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,139346,139347,139349,139351,139353],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,139348,106],{"class":105},[55,139350,109],{"class":91},[55,139352,42641],{"class":95},[55,139354,342],{"class":91},[20,139356,357],{},[46,139358,139360],{"className":48,"code":139359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139361,139362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139363,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398,139400,139403,139405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139365,3680],{"class":91},[55,139367,3077],{"class":69},[55,139369,7082],{"class":73},[55,139371,3077],{"class":69},[55,139373,2764],{"class":91},[55,139375,3072],{"class":69},[55,139377,11974],{"class":73},[55,139379,3077],{"class":69},[55,139381,2764],{"class":91},[55,139383,3072],{"class":69},[55,139385,133246],{"class":73},[55,139387,3077],{"class":69},[55,139389,2764],{"class":91},[55,139391,3072],{"class":69},[55,139393,129872],{"class":73},[55,139395,3077],{"class":69},[55,139397,2764],{"class":91},[55,139399,3072],{"class":69},[55,139401,139402],{"class":73},"useful",[55,139404,3077],{"class":69},[55,139406,3413],{"class":91},[20,139408,139409],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1003,139411,139413,1477,139415],{"id":139412},"split-vs-split",[15,139414,60304],{},[15,139416,139417],{},"split(' ')",[20,139419,139420],{},"These are not the same.",[46,139422,139424],{"className":48,"code":139423,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139425,139426,139439,139443,139457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139427,139428,139430,139432,139434,139437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139429,62],{"class":61},[55,139431,66],{"class":65},[55,139433,70],{"class":69},[55,139435,139436],{"class":73},"a  b   c",[55,139438,77],{"class":69},[55,139440,139441],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139442,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,139444,139445,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,139446,106],{"class":105},[55,139448,109],{"class":91},[55,139450,352],{"class":95},[55,139452,92],{"class":91},[55,139454,34241],{"class":95},[55,139456,1087],{"class":91},[55,139458,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,139460,106],{"class":105},[55,139462,109],{"class":91},[55,139464,352],{"class":95},[55,139466,92],{"class":91},[55,139468,34241],{"class":95},[55,139470,109],{"class":91},[55,139472,228],{"class":69},[55,139474,70],{"class":69},[55,139476,1273],{"class":91},[20,139478,357],{},[46,139480,139482],{"className":48,"code":139481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139483,139484,139512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139485,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139487,3680],{"class":91},[55,139489,3077],{"class":69},[55,139491,166],{"class":73},[55,139493,3077],{"class":69},[55,139495,2764],{"class":91},[55,139497,3072],{"class":69},[55,139499,4543],{"class":73},[55,139501,3077],{"class":69},[55,139503,2764],{"class":91},[55,139505,3072],{"class":69},[55,139507,9520],{"class":73},[55,139509,3077],{"class":69},[55,139511,3413],{"class":91},[55,139513,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139515,3680],{"class":91},[55,139517,3077],{"class":69},[55,139519,166],{"class":73},[55,139521,3077],{"class":69},[55,139523,2764],{"class":91},[55,139525,3617],{"class":69},[55,139527,2764],{"class":91},[55,139529,3072],{"class":69},[55,139531,4543],{"class":73},[55,139533,3077],{"class":69},[55,139535,2764],{"class":91},[55,139537,3617],{"class":69},[55,139539,2764],{"class":91},[55,139541,3617],{"class":69},[55,139543,2764],{"class":91},[55,139545,3072],{"class":69},[55,139547,9520],{"class":73},[55,139549,3077],{"class":69},[55,139551,3413],{"class":91},[30,139553,139554,139559],{},[33,139555,139556,139558],{},[15,139557,60304],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139560,139561,139564],{},[15,139562,139563],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139566,139567,139568,139572],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[166,139569,1570,139570,1573],{"href":818},[15,139571,821],{}," is often useful.",[131,139574,139576],{"id":139575},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139578,139579,139580,1963,139583,1967,139585,92],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139581,139582],{},"\",\"",[15,139584,133345],{},[15,139586,139587],{},"\"::\"",[20,139589,139590],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139592,139593],{},"Example with commas:",[46,139595,139597],{"className":48,"code":139596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139598,139599,139611,139633,139637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139600,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139602,62],{"class":61},[55,139604,66],{"class":65},[55,139606,70],{"class":69},[55,139608,138977],{"class":73},[55,139610,77],{"class":69},[55,139612,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139614,42610],{"class":61},[55,139616,66],{"class":65},[55,139618,88],{"class":61},[55,139620,92],{"class":91},[55,139622,34241],{"class":95},[55,139624,109],{"class":91},[55,139626,228],{"class":69},[55,139628,2764],{"class":73},[55,139630,228],{"class":69},[55,139632,342],{"class":91},[55,139634,139635],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,139636,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,139638,139639,139641,139643,139645],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,139640,106],{"class":105},[55,139642,109],{"class":91},[55,139644,42641],{"class":95},[55,139646,342],{"class":91},[20,139648,357],{},[46,139650,139651],{"className":48,"code":78223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,139652,139653],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139654,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139656,3680],{"class":91},[55,139658,3077],{"class":69},[55,139660,3860],{"class":73},[55,139662,3077],{"class":69},[55,139664,2764],{"class":91},[55,139666,3072],{"class":69},[55,139668,3869],{"class":73},[55,139670,3077],{"class":69},[55,139672,2764],{"class":91},[55,139674,3072],{"class":69},[55,139676,3878],{"class":73},[55,139678,3077],{"class":69},[55,139680,3413],{"class":91},[20,139682,139683],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[46,139685,139687],{"className":48,"code":139686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139688,139689,139702,139724,139728],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139690,139691,139693,139695,139697,139700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139692,62],{"class":61},[55,139694,66],{"class":65},[55,139696,70],{"class":69},[55,139698,139699],{"class":73},"2024::10::31",[55,139701,77],{"class":69},[55,139703,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139705,42610],{"class":61},[55,139707,66],{"class":65},[55,139709,88],{"class":61},[55,139711,92],{"class":91},[55,139713,34241],{"class":95},[55,139715,109],{"class":91},[55,139717,228],{"class":69},[55,139719,76440],{"class":73},[55,139721,228],{"class":69},[55,139723,342],{"class":91},[55,139725,139726],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,139727,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,139729,139730,139732,139734,139736],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,139731,106],{"class":105},[55,139733,109],{"class":91},[55,139735,42641],{"class":95},[55,139737,342],{"class":91},[20,139739,357],{},[46,139741,139743],{"className":48,"code":139742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139744,139745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139746,139747,139749,139751,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139771,139773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139748,3680],{"class":91},[55,139750,3077],{"class":69},[55,139752,139753],{"class":73},"2024",[55,139755,3077],{"class":69},[55,139757,2764],{"class":91},[55,139759,3072],{"class":69},[55,139761,2101],{"class":73},[55,139763,3077],{"class":69},[55,139765,2764],{"class":91},[55,139767,3072],{"class":69},[55,139769,139770],{"class":73},"31",[55,139772,3077],{"class":69},[55,139774,3413],{"class":91},[20,139776,139777],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139779,139780,139781,92],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[166,139782,128793],{"href":128792},[131,139784,1185,139786],{"id":139785},"using-maxsplit",[15,139787,139194],{},[20,139789,139790,139792],{},[15,139791,139194],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139794,139795],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139797,214],{},[46,139799,139801],{"className":48,"code":139800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139802,139803,139816,139842,139846],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139804,139805,139807,139809,139811,139814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139806,62],{"class":61},[55,139808,66],{"class":65},[55,139810,70],{"class":69},[55,139812,139813],{"class":73},"name:age:city:country",[55,139815,77],{"class":69},[55,139817,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139819,42610],{"class":61},[55,139821,66],{"class":65},[55,139823,88],{"class":61},[55,139825,92],{"class":91},[55,139827,34241],{"class":95},[55,139829,109],{"class":91},[55,139831,228],{"class":69},[55,139833,539],{"class":73},[55,139835,228],{"class":69},[55,139837,2764],{"class":91},[55,139839,2767],{"class":1210},[55,139841,342],{"class":91},[55,139843,139844],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,139845,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,139847,139848,139850,139852,139854],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,139849,106],{"class":105},[55,139851,109],{"class":91},[55,139853,42641],{"class":95},[55,139855,342],{"class":91},[20,139857,357],{},[46,139859,139861],{"className":48,"code":139860,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139862,139863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139864,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139888,139890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139866,3680],{"class":91},[55,139868,3077],{"class":69},[55,139870,273],{"class":73},[55,139872,3077],{"class":69},[55,139874,2764],{"class":91},[55,139876,3072],{"class":69},[55,139878,9079],{"class":73},[55,139880,3077],{"class":69},[55,139882,2764],{"class":91},[55,139884,3072],{"class":69},[55,139886,139887],{"class":73},"city:country",[55,139889,3077],{"class":69},[55,139891,3413],{"class":91},[20,139893,1952],{},[30,139895,139896,139901,139906],{},[33,139897,139898,139899],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139900,539],{},[33,139902,139903,139904],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139905,539],{},[33,139907,139908],{},"then stops",[20,139910,139911],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139913,51850],{},[46,139915,139917],{"className":48,"code":139916,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139918,139919,139932],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139920,139921,139923,139925,139927,139930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139922,62],{"class":61},[55,139924,66],{"class":65},[55,139926,70],{"class":69},[55,139928,139929],{"class":73},"apple banana cherry grape",[55,139931,77],{"class":69},[55,139933,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,139935,106],{"class":105},[55,139937,109],{"class":91},[55,139939,352],{"class":95},[55,139941,92],{"class":91},[55,139943,34241],{"class":95},[55,139945,109],{"class":91},[55,139947,228],{"class":69},[55,139949,70],{"class":69},[55,139951,2764],{"class":91},[55,139953,5282],{"class":1210},[55,139955,1273],{"class":91},[20,139957,357],{},[46,139959,139961],{"className":48,"code":139960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139962,139963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139964,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139980,139982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139966,3680],{"class":91},[55,139968,3077],{"class":69},[55,139970,3860],{"class":73},[55,139972,3077],{"class":69},[55,139974,2764],{"class":91},[55,139976,3072],{"class":69},[55,139978,139979],{"class":73},"banana cherry grape",[55,139981,3077],{"class":69},[55,139983,3413],{"class":91},[131,139985,134,139987,11485],{"id":139986},"what-split-returns",[15,139988,60304],{},[20,139990,139991,139992,139994,139995,92],{},"The result of ",[15,139993,60304],{}," is always a ",[123,139996,7877],{},[20,139998,139999],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140001,214],{},[46,140003,140005],{"className":48,"code":140004,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140006,140007,140020,140042,140046,140056,140070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140008,140009,140011,140013,140015,140018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140010,62],{"class":61},[55,140012,66],{"class":65},[55,140014,70],{"class":69},[55,140016,140017],{"class":73},"cat,dog,bird",[55,140019,77],{"class":69},[55,140021,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140023,42610],{"class":61},[55,140025,66],{"class":65},[55,140027,88],{"class":61},[55,140029,92],{"class":91},[55,140031,34241],{"class":95},[55,140033,109],{"class":91},[55,140035,228],{"class":69},[55,140037,2764],{"class":73},[55,140039,228],{"class":69},[55,140041,342],{"class":91},[55,140043,140044],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,140045,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,140047,140048,140050,140052,140054],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,140049,106],{"class":105},[55,140051,109],{"class":91},[55,140053,42641],{"class":95},[55,140055,342],{"class":91},[55,140057,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,140059,106],{"class":105},[55,140061,109],{"class":91},[55,140063,1266],{"class":1265},[55,140065,109],{"class":91},[55,140067,42641],{"class":95},[55,140069,1273],{"class":91},[55,140071,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,140073,106],{"class":105},[55,140075,109],{"class":91},[55,140077,42641],{"class":95},[55,140079,3680],{"class":91},[55,140081,1894],{"class":1210},[55,140083,3668],{"class":91},[20,140085,357],{},[46,140087,140089],{"className":48,"code":140088,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140090,140091,140119,140133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140092,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140094,3680],{"class":91},[55,140096,3077],{"class":69},[55,140098,36818],{"class":73},[55,140100,3077],{"class":69},[55,140102,2764],{"class":91},[55,140104,3072],{"class":69},[55,140106,57899],{"class":73},[55,140108,3077],{"class":69},[55,140110,2764],{"class":91},[55,140112,3072],{"class":69},[55,140114,57916],{"class":73},[55,140116,3077],{"class":69},[55,140118,3413],{"class":91},[55,140120,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140122,3066],{"class":65},[55,140124,3069],{"class":1838},[55,140126,3072],{"class":69},[55,140128,7877],{"class":73},[55,140130,3077],{"class":69},[55,140132,3080],{"class":65},[55,140134,140135],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,140136,85241],{"class":61},[20,140138,140139],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140141,140142,140145,140148],{},[33,140143,140144],{},"loop over it",[33,140146,140147],{},"access items by index",[33,140149,140150],{},"combine items again later",[20,140152,140153,140154,92],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[166,140155,1570,140157,1573],{"href":140156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140158,133188],{},[20,140160,214],{},[46,140162,140164],{"className":48,"code":140163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140165,140166,140198,140220,140224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140169,42610],{"class":61},[55,140171,66],{"class":65},[55,140173,3400],{"class":91},[55,140175,3077],{"class":69},[55,140177,36818],{"class":73},[55,140179,3077],{"class":69},[55,140181,2764],{"class":91},[55,140183,3072],{"class":69},[55,140185,57899],{"class":73},[55,140187,3077],{"class":69},[55,140189,2764],{"class":91},[55,140191,3072],{"class":69},[55,140193,57916],{"class":73},[55,140195,3077],{"class":69},[55,140197,3413],{"class":91},[55,140199,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140201,62],{"class":61},[55,140203,66],{"class":65},[55,140205,70],{"class":69},[55,140207,1794],{"class":73},[55,140209,228],{"class":69},[55,140211,92],{"class":91},[55,140213,133265],{"class":95},[55,140215,109],{"class":91},[55,140217,42641],{"class":95},[55,140219,342],{"class":91},[55,140221,140222],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,140223,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,140225,140226,140228,140230,140232],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,140227,106],{"class":105},[55,140229,109],{"class":91},[55,140231,352],{"class":95},[55,140233,342],{"class":91},[20,140235,357],{},[46,140237,140239],{"className":48,"code":140238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140240,140241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140242,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140244,36818],{"class":61},[55,140246,1794],{"class":65},[55,140248,57899],{"class":61},[55,140250,1794],{"class":65},[55,140252,140253],{"class":61},"bird\n",[131,140255,140257],{"id":140256},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140259,140260],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1003,140262,140264],{"id":140263},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[46,140266,140268],{"className":48,"code":140267,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140269,140270,140278],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140271,140272,140274,140276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140273,62],{"class":61},[55,140275,66],{"class":65},[55,140277,7665],{"class":69},[55,140279,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140281,106],{"class":105},[55,140283,109],{"class":91},[55,140285,352],{"class":95},[55,140287,92],{"class":91},[55,140289,34241],{"class":95},[55,140291,1087],{"class":91},[20,140293,357],{},[46,140295,140296],{"className":48,"code":38069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,140297,140298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140299,140300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140301,38069],{"class":91},[1003,140303,140305],{"id":140304},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[46,140307,140309],{"className":48,"code":140308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140310,140311,140319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140312,140313,140315,140317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140314,62],{"class":61},[55,140316,66],{"class":65},[55,140318,7665],{"class":69},[55,140320,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140322,106],{"class":105},[55,140324,109],{"class":91},[55,140326,352],{"class":95},[55,140328,92],{"class":91},[55,140330,34241],{"class":95},[55,140332,109],{"class":91},[55,140334,228],{"class":69},[55,140336,2764],{"class":73},[55,140338,228],{"class":69},[55,140340,1273],{"class":91},[20,140342,357],{},[46,140344,140346],{"className":48,"code":140345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['']\n",[15,140347,140348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140349,140350,140352,140354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140351,3680],{"class":91},[55,140353,3551],{"class":69},[55,140355,3413],{"class":91},[1003,140357,140359],{"id":140358},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140361,140362],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[46,140364,140366],{"className":48,"code":140365,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140367,140368,140380],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140369,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140371,62],{"class":61},[55,140373,66],{"class":65},[55,140375,70],{"class":69},[55,140377,3624],{"class":73},[55,140379,77],{"class":69},[55,140381,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140383,106],{"class":105},[55,140385,109],{"class":91},[55,140387,352],{"class":95},[55,140389,92],{"class":91},[55,140391,34241],{"class":95},[55,140393,109],{"class":91},[55,140395,228],{"class":69},[55,140397,2764],{"class":73},[55,140399,228],{"class":69},[55,140401,1273],{"class":91},[20,140403,357],{},[46,140405,140407],{"className":48,"code":140406,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['hello']\n",[15,140408,140409],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140410,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140412,3680],{"class":91},[55,140414,3077],{"class":69},[55,140416,3624],{"class":73},[55,140418,3077],{"class":69},[55,140420,3413],{"class":91},[131,140422,4744,140424],{"id":140423},"when-to-use-split",[15,140425,60304],{},[20,140427,1866,140428,140430],{},[15,140429,60304],{}," when you need to:",[30,140432,140433,140436,140439],{},[33,140434,140435],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140437,140438],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140440,140441],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140443,140444],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140446,140447,140450,140453],{},[33,140448,140449],{},"cleaning text",[33,140451,140452],{},"parsing user input",[33,140454,140455],{},"processing simple file content",[131,140457,1001],{"id":1000},[20,140459,84012],{},[30,140461,140462,140466,140472,140475,140483],{},[33,140463,50277,140464,131327],{},[15,140465,60304],{},[33,140467,140468,140469,140471],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140470,60304],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140473,140474],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140476,140477,140478,140480,140481],{},"assuming ",[15,140479,139417],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140482,60304],{},[33,140484,140485],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140487,140488],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[46,140490,140492],{"className":48,"code":140491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140493,140494,140506,140524,140528],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140495,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140497,62],{"class":61},[55,140499,66],{"class":65},[55,140501,70],{"class":69},[55,140503,42603],{"class":73},[55,140505,77],{"class":69},[55,140507,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140509,352],{"class":61},[55,140511,92],{"class":91},[55,140513,34241],{"class":95},[55,140515,109],{"class":91},[55,140517,228],{"class":69},[55,140519,2764],{"class":73},[55,140521,228],{"class":69},[55,140523,342],{"class":91},[55,140525,140526],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,140527,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,140529,140530,140532,140534,140536],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,140531,106],{"class":105},[55,140533,109],{"class":91},[55,140535,352],{"class":95},[55,140537,342],{"class":91},[20,140539,357],{},[46,140541,140543],{"className":48,"code":140542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a,b,c\n",[15,140544,140545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140546,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140548,166],{"class":61},[55,140550,2764],{"class":91},[55,140552,4543],{"class":61},[55,140554,2764],{"class":91},[55,140556,69019],{"class":61},[20,140558,140559],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140561,10588],{},[46,140563,140564],{"className":48,"code":42590,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,140565,140566,140578,140600,140604],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140567,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140569,62],{"class":61},[55,140571,66],{"class":65},[55,140573,70],{"class":69},[55,140575,42603],{"class":73},[55,140577,77],{"class":69},[55,140579,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140581,42610],{"class":61},[55,140583,66],{"class":65},[55,140585,88],{"class":61},[55,140587,92],{"class":91},[55,140589,34241],{"class":95},[55,140591,109],{"class":91},[55,140593,228],{"class":69},[55,140595,2764],{"class":73},[55,140597,228],{"class":69},[55,140599,342],{"class":91},[55,140601,140602],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,140603,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,140605,140606,140608,140610,140612],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,140607,106],{"class":105},[55,140609,109],{"class":91},[55,140611,42641],{"class":95},[55,140613,342],{"class":91},[20,140615,357],{},[46,140617,140618],{"className":48,"code":42648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,140619,140620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140621,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140623,3680],{"class":91},[55,140625,3077],{"class":69},[55,140627,166],{"class":73},[55,140629,3077],{"class":69},[55,140631,2764],{"class":91},[55,140633,3072],{"class":69},[55,140635,4543],{"class":73},[55,140637,3077],{"class":69},[55,140639,2764],{"class":91},[55,140641,3072],{"class":69},[55,140643,9520],{"class":73},[55,140645,3077],{"class":69},[55,140647,3413],{"class":91},[20,140649,140650],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[46,140652,140654],{"className":48,"code":140653,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140655,140656,140669,140691,140695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140657,140658,140660,140662,140664,140667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140659,62],{"class":61},[55,140661,66],{"class":65},[55,140663,70],{"class":69},[55,140665,140666],{"class":73},"apple,banana",[55,140668,77],{"class":69},[55,140670,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140672,42610],{"class":61},[55,140674,66],{"class":65},[55,140676,88],{"class":61},[55,140678,92],{"class":91},[55,140680,34241],{"class":95},[55,140682,109],{"class":91},[55,140684,228],{"class":69},[55,140686,2764],{"class":73},[55,140688,228],{"class":69},[55,140690,342],{"class":91},[55,140692,140693],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,140694,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,140696,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,140698,106],{"class":105},[55,140700,109],{"class":91},[55,140702,42641],{"class":95},[55,140704,3680],{"class":91},[55,140706,1829],{"class":1210},[55,140708,3668],{"class":91},[20,140710,140711,140712,92],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[166,140713,69032],{"href":69031},[1003,140715,60483],{"id":60482},[20,140717,8654,140718,140720],{},[15,140719,60304],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[46,140722,140724],{"className":48,"code":140723,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140725,140726,140736,140750,140772,140798],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140727,140728,140730,140732,140734],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140729,106],{"class":105},[55,140731,109],{"class":91},[55,140733,352],{"class":95},[55,140735,342],{"class":91},[55,140737,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,140739,106],{"class":105},[55,140741,109],{"class":91},[55,140743,352],{"class":95},[55,140745,92],{"class":91},[55,140747,34241],{"class":95},[55,140749,1087],{"class":91},[55,140751,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,140753,106],{"class":105},[55,140755,109],{"class":91},[55,140757,352],{"class":95},[55,140759,92],{"class":91},[55,140761,34241],{"class":95},[55,140763,109],{"class":91},[55,140765,3077],{"class":69},[55,140767,2764],{"class":73},[55,140769,3077],{"class":69},[55,140771,1273],{"class":91},[55,140773,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140796],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,140775,106],{"class":105},[55,140777,109],{"class":91},[55,140779,10942],{"class":105},[55,140781,109],{"class":91},[55,140783,352],{"class":95},[55,140785,92],{"class":91},[55,140787,34241],{"class":95},[55,140789,109],{"class":91},[55,140791,3077],{"class":69},[55,140793,2764],{"class":73},[55,140795,3077],{"class":69},[55,140797,2685],{"class":91},[55,140799,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,140801,106],{"class":105},[55,140803,109],{"class":91},[55,140805,1266],{"class":1265},[55,140807,109],{"class":91},[55,140809,352],{"class":95},[55,140811,92],{"class":91},[55,140813,34241],{"class":95},[55,140815,109],{"class":91},[55,140817,3077],{"class":69},[55,140819,2764],{"class":73},[55,140821,3077],{"class":69},[55,140823,2685],{"class":91},[20,140825,10951],{},[30,140827,140828,140831,140834,140837],{},[33,140829,140830],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,140832,140833],{},"which separator works",[33,140835,140836],{},"how many items were created",[33,140838,140839],{},"that the result is a list",[131,140841,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,140843,1626,140845,1377,140847,1631],{"id":140844},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140846,60304],{},[15,140848,139417],{},[20,140850,140851,140853],{},[15,140852,60304],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140855,140856,140858],{},[15,140857,139417],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1003,140860,1581,140862,1584],{"id":140861},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140863,60304],{},[20,140865,140866,140867,56250],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140868,60304],{},[1003,140870,1603,140872,39733],{"id":140871},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140873,139194],{},[20,140875,140876],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1003,140878,140880],{"id":140879},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140882,1373,140883,140885],{},[15,140884,60304],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[131,140887,1643],{"id":1642},[30,140889,140890,140894,140900,140906,140910],{},[33,140891,140892],{},[166,140893,129712],{"href":128792},[33,140895,140896],{},[166,140897,1570,140898,1573],{"href":140156},[15,140899,133188],{},[33,140901,140902],{},[166,140903,1570,140904,1573],{"href":818},[15,140905,821],{},[33,140907,140908],{},[166,140909,124866],{"href":173},[33,140911,140912],{},[166,140913,69032],{"href":69031},[1696,140915,140916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":140918},[140919,140920,140922,140923,140928,140929,140931,140933,140938,140940,140943,140952],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":139024,"depth":80,"text":140921},"What split() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":139272,"depth":80,"text":140924,"children":140925},"Using split() with no separator",[140926],{"id":139412,"depth":102,"text":140927},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139575,"depth":80,"text":139576},{"id":139785,"depth":80,"text":140930},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139986,"depth":80,"text":140932},"What split() returns",{"id":140256,"depth":80,"text":140257,"children":140934},[140935,140936,140937],{"id":140263,"depth":102,"text":140264},{"id":140304,"depth":102,"text":140305},{"id":140358,"depth":102,"text":140359},{"id":140423,"depth":80,"text":140939},"When to use split()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":140941},[140942],{"id":60482,"depth":102,"text":60483},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":140944},[140945,140947,140949,140951],{"id":140844,"depth":102,"text":140946},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140861,"depth":102,"text":140948},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140871,"depth":102,"text":140950},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140879,"depth":102,"text":140880},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138933,"description":140953},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140960,"title":140961,"body":140962,"description":142905,"extension":1733,"meta":142906,"navigation":248,"path":142907,"seo":142908,"stem":142909,"__hash__":142910},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140963,"toc":142864},[140964,140969,140974,140981,141054,141059,141064,141069,141085,141087,141157,141159,141161,141181,141183,141228,141233,141235,141333,141338,141342,141347,141351,141354,141396,141400,141403,141448,141452,141455,141505,141509,141514,141566,141568,141573,141584,141589,141669,141671,141683,141692,141699,141714,141716,141831,141837,141841,141844,141849,141991,141994,142001,142003,142007,142015,142084,142090,142139,142144,142149,142151,142171,142173,142239,142241,142245,142248,142252,142293,142295,142328,142333,142336,142363,142365,142408,142415,142420,142430,142496,142500,142508,142513,142564,142568,142571,142573,142582,142584,142634,142636,142743,142745,142750,142757,142763,142766,142797,142802,142804,142811,142819,142828,142831,142833,142861],[10,140965,13,140967,18],{"id":140966},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140968,127478],{},[20,140970,22,140971,140973],{},[15,140972,127478],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140975,126176,140976,2651,140978,140980],{},[15,140977,3380],{},[15,140979,3452],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[46,140982,140984],{"className":48,"code":140983,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140985,140986,140999,141003,141028],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140987,140988,140990,140992,140994,140997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140989,62],{"class":61},[55,140991,66],{"class":65},[55,140993,70],{"class":69},[55,140995,140996],{"class":73},"Python Beginner Help",[55,140998,77],{"class":69},[55,141000,141001],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141002,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,141004,141005,141007,141009,141011,141013,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024,141026],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,141006,106],{"class":105},[55,141008,109],{"class":91},[55,141010,352],{"class":95},[55,141012,92],{"class":91},[55,141014,141015],{"class":95},"startswith",[55,141017,109],{"class":91},[55,141019,228],{"class":69},[55,141021,7082],{"class":73},[55,141023,228],{"class":69},[55,141025,5145],{"class":91},[55,141027,43627],{"class":118},[55,141029,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141047,141049,141051],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,141031,106],{"class":105},[55,141033,109],{"class":91},[55,141035,352],{"class":95},[55,141037,92],{"class":91},[55,141039,141015],{"class":95},[55,141041,109],{"class":91},[55,141043,228],{"class":69},[55,141045,141046],{"class":73},"Beginner",[55,141048,228],{"class":69},[55,141050,5145],{"class":91},[55,141052,141053],{"class":118}," # False\n",[20,141055,1866,141056,141058],{},[15,141057,127478],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[131,141060,134,141062,137],{"id":141061},"what-startswith-does",[15,141063,127478],{},[20,141065,141066,141068],{},[15,141067,127478],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141070,141071,141074,141080,141082],{},[33,141072,141073],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141075,4931,141076,2651,141078],{},[15,141077,3380],{},[15,141079,3452],{},[33,141081,123261],{},[33,141083,141084],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141086,214],{},[46,141088,141090],{"className":48,"code":141089,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141091,141092,141104,141108,141133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141093,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141095,254],{"class":61},[55,141097,66],{"class":65},[55,141099,70],{"class":69},[55,141101,7082],{"class":73},[55,141103,77],{"class":69},[55,141105,141106],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141107,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,141109,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122,141124,141127,141129,141131],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,141111,106],{"class":105},[55,141113,109],{"class":91},[55,141115,273],{"class":95},[55,141117,92],{"class":91},[55,141119,141015],{"class":95},[55,141121,109],{"class":91},[55,141123,228],{"class":69},[55,141125,141126],{"class":73},"Py",[55,141128,228],{"class":69},[55,141130,5145],{"class":91},[55,141132,43627],{"class":118},[55,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,141136,106],{"class":105},[55,141138,109],{"class":91},[55,141140,273],{"class":95},[55,141142,92],{"class":91},[55,141144,141015],{"class":95},[55,141146,109],{"class":91},[55,141148,228],{"class":69},[55,141150,128555],{"class":73},[55,141152,228],{"class":69},[55,141154,5145],{"class":91},[55,141156,43644],{"class":118},[131,141158,178],{"id":177},[20,141160,42158],{},[46,141162,141164],{"className":48,"code":141163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141165,141166],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141167,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141169,191],{"class":61},[55,141171,92],{"class":91},[55,141173,141015],{"class":95},[55,141175,109],{"class":91},[55,141177,141178],{"class":95},"prefix",[55,141180,342],{"class":91},[20,141182,30536],{},[46,141184,141186],{"className":48,"code":141185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141187,141188,141206],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141189,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141191,191],{"class":61},[55,141193,92],{"class":91},[55,141195,141015],{"class":95},[55,141197,109],{"class":91},[55,141199,141178],{"class":95},[55,141201,2764],{"class":91},[55,141203,35821],{"class":95},[55,141205,342],{"class":91},[55,141207,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224,141226],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141209,191],{"class":61},[55,141211,92],{"class":91},[55,141213,141015],{"class":95},[55,141215,109],{"class":91},[55,141217,141178],{"class":95},[55,141219,2764],{"class":91},[55,141221,35821],{"class":95},[55,141223,2764],{"class":91},[55,141225,64813],{"class":95},[55,141227,342],{"class":91},[20,141229,20549,141230,141232],{},[15,141231,141178],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141234,214],{},[46,141236,141238],{"className":48,"code":141237,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141239,141240,141252,141256,141281,141305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141241,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141243,62],{"class":61},[55,141245,66],{"class":65},[55,141247,70],{"class":69},[55,141249,60179],{"class":73},[55,141251,77],{"class":69},[55,141253,141254],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141255,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,141257,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,141259,106],{"class":105},[55,141261,109],{"class":91},[55,141263,352],{"class":95},[55,141265,92],{"class":91},[55,141267,141015],{"class":95},[55,141269,109],{"class":91},[55,141271,228],{"class":69},[55,141273,3624],{"class":73},[55,141275,228],{"class":69},[55,141277,5145],{"class":91},[55,141279,141280],{"class":118},"      # True\n",[55,141282,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,141284,106],{"class":105},[55,141286,109],{"class":91},[55,141288,352],{"class":95},[55,141290,92],{"class":91},[55,141292,141015],{"class":95},[55,141294,109],{"class":91},[55,141296,228],{"class":69},[55,141298,60364],{"class":73},[55,141300,228],{"class":69},[55,141302,5145],{"class":91},[55,141304,20978],{"class":118},[55,141306,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,141308,106],{"class":105},[55,141310,109],{"class":91},[55,141312,352],{"class":95},[55,141314,92],{"class":91},[55,141316,141015],{"class":95},[55,141318,109],{"class":91},[55,141320,228],{"class":69},[55,141322,60364],{"class":73},[55,141324,228],{"class":69},[55,141326,2764],{"class":91},[55,141328,37415],{"class":1210},[55,141330,5145],{"class":91},[55,141332,43627],{"class":118},[20,141334,141335,141336,92],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[166,141337,124866],{"href":173},[131,141339,141341],{"id":141340},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141343,141344,141346],{},[15,141345,127478],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1003,141348,141349],{"id":141178},[15,141350,141178],{},[20,141352,141353],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[46,141355,141357],{"className":48,"code":141356,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141358,141359,141371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141360,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141362,62],{"class":61},[55,141364,66],{"class":65},[55,141366,70],{"class":69},[55,141368,3869],{"class":73},[55,141370,77],{"class":69},[55,141372,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141390,141392,141394],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141374,106],{"class":105},[55,141376,109],{"class":91},[55,141378,352],{"class":95},[55,141380,92],{"class":91},[55,141382,141015],{"class":95},[55,141384,109],{"class":91},[55,141386,228],{"class":69},[55,141388,141389],{"class":73},"ban",[55,141391,228],{"class":69},[55,141393,5145],{"class":91},[55,141395,3442],{"class":118},[1003,141397,141398],{"id":35842},[15,141399,35842],{},[20,141401,141402],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[46,141404,141406],{"className":48,"code":141405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141407,141408,141420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141409,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141411,62],{"class":61},[55,141413,66],{"class":65},[55,141415,70],{"class":69},[55,141417,60179],{"class":73},[55,141419,77],{"class":69},[55,141421,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141423,106],{"class":105},[55,141425,109],{"class":91},[55,141427,352],{"class":95},[55,141429,92],{"class":91},[55,141431,141015],{"class":95},[55,141433,109],{"class":91},[55,141435,228],{"class":69},[55,141437,60364],{"class":73},[55,141439,228],{"class":69},[55,141441,2764],{"class":91},[55,141443,37415],{"class":1210},[55,141445,5145],{"class":91},[55,141447,3442],{"class":118},[1003,141449,141450],{"id":52431},[15,141451,52431],{},[20,141453,141454],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[46,141456,141458],{"className":48,"code":141457,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141459,141460,141472],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141461,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141463,62],{"class":61},[55,141465,66],{"class":65},[55,141467,70],{"class":69},[55,141469,60179],{"class":73},[55,141471,77],{"class":69},[55,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141475,106],{"class":105},[55,141477,109],{"class":91},[55,141479,352],{"class":95},[55,141481,92],{"class":91},[55,141483,141015],{"class":95},[55,141485,109],{"class":91},[55,141487,228],{"class":69},[55,141489,141490],{"class":73},"wor",[55,141492,228],{"class":69},[55,141494,2764],{"class":91},[55,141496,37415],{"class":1210},[55,141498,2764],{"class":91},[55,141500,53907],{"class":1210},[55,141502,5145],{"class":91},[55,141504,3442],{"class":118},[1003,141506,141508],{"id":141507},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141510,141511,141513],{},[15,141512,141178],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[46,141515,141517],{"className":48,"code":141516,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141518,141519,141532],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141520,141521,141523,141525,141527,141530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141522,126193],{"class":61},[55,141524,66],{"class":65},[55,141526,70],{"class":69},[55,141528,141529],{"class":73},"img_001.png",[55,141531,77],{"class":69},[55,141533,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141551,141553,141555,141557,141560,141562,141564],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141535,106],{"class":105},[55,141537,109],{"class":91},[55,141539,126211],{"class":95},[55,141541,92],{"class":91},[55,141543,141015],{"class":95},[55,141545,5295],{"class":91},[55,141547,228],{"class":69},[55,141549,141550],{"class":73},"img_",[55,141552,228],{"class":69},[55,141554,2764],{"class":91},[55,141556,70],{"class":69},[55,141558,141559],{"class":73},"photo_",[55,141561,228],{"class":69},[55,141563,50861],{"class":91},[55,141565,3442],{"class":118},[131,141567,446],{"id":445},[20,141569,141570,141572],{},[15,141571,127478],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141574,141575,141580],{},[33,141576,141577,141579],{},[15,141578,3380],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141581,141582,126795],{},[15,141583,3452],{},[20,141585,141586,141587,6958],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141588,488],{},[46,141590,141592],{"className":48,"code":141591,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141593,141594,141608,141612,141633,141648,141654],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141595,141596,141599,141601,141603,141606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141597,141598],{"class":61},"command ",[55,141600,66],{"class":65},[55,141602,70],{"class":69},[55,141604,141605],{"class":73},"\u002Fhelp",[55,141607,77],{"class":69},[55,141609,141610],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141611,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,141613,141614,141616,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,141615,488],{"class":487},[55,141617,141618],{"class":61}," command",[55,141620,92],{"class":91},[55,141622,141015],{"class":95},[55,141624,109],{"class":91},[55,141626,228],{"class":69},[55,141628,127002],{"class":73},[55,141630,228],{"class":69},[55,141632,8124],{"class":91},[55,141634,141635,141637,141639,141641,141644,141646],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,141636,516],{"class":105},[55,141638,109],{"class":91},[55,141640,228],{"class":69},[55,141642,141643],{"class":73},"This looks like a command.",[55,141645,228],{"class":69},[55,141647,342],{"class":91},[55,141649,141650,141652],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,141651,610],{"class":487},[55,141653,511],{"class":91},[55,141655,141656,141658,141660,141662,141665,141667],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,141657,516],{"class":105},[55,141659,109],{"class":91},[55,141661,228],{"class":69},[55,141663,141664],{"class":73},"This is normal text.",[55,141666,228],{"class":69},[55,141668,342],{"class":91},[20,141670,357],{},[46,141672,141674],{"className":48,"code":141673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141675,141676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141677,141678,141681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141679,141680],{"class":61},"This looks like a command",[55,141682,122153],{"class":91},[131,141684,1185,141686,8483,141688,1377,141690],{"id":141685},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141687,127478],{},[15,141689,35842],{},[15,141691,52431],{},[20,141693,1750,141694,1377,141696,141698],{},[15,141695,35842],{},[15,141697,52431],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,141700,141701,141706,141711],{},[33,141702,141703,141705],{},[15,141704,35842],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,141707,141708,141710],{},[15,141709,52431],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,141712,141713],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141715,214],{},[46,141717,141719],{"className":48,"code":141718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141720,141721,141733,141737,141766,141799],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141722,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141724,62],{"class":61},[55,141726,66],{"class":65},[55,141728,70],{"class":69},[55,141730,139218],{"class":73},[55,141732,77],{"class":69},[55,141734,141735],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141736,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,141738,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,141740,106],{"class":105},[55,141742,109],{"class":91},[55,141744,352],{"class":95},[55,141746,92],{"class":91},[55,141748,141015],{"class":95},[55,141750,109],{"class":91},[55,141752,228],{"class":69},[55,141754,79044],{"class":73},[55,141756,228],{"class":69},[55,141758,2764],{"class":91},[55,141760,2229],{"class":1210},[55,141762,5145],{"class":91},[55,141764,141765],{"class":118},"        # True\n",[55,141767,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141795,141797],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,141769,106],{"class":105},[55,141771,109],{"class":91},[55,141773,352],{"class":95},[55,141775,92],{"class":91},[55,141777,141015],{"class":95},[55,141779,109],{"class":91},[55,141781,228],{"class":69},[55,141783,133992],{"class":73},[55,141785,228],{"class":69},[55,141787,2764],{"class":91},[55,141789,6146],{"class":1210},[55,141791,2764],{"class":91},[55,141793,141794],{"class":1210}," 13",[55,141796,5145],{"class":91},[55,141798,3442],{"class":118},[55,141800,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,141802,106],{"class":105},[55,141804,109],{"class":91},[55,141806,352],{"class":95},[55,141808,92],{"class":91},[55,141810,141015],{"class":95},[55,141812,109],{"class":91},[55,141814,228],{"class":69},[55,141816,133992],{"class":73},[55,141818,228],{"class":69},[55,141820,2764],{"class":91},[55,141822,6146],{"class":1210},[55,141824,2764],{"class":91},[55,141826,30715],{"class":1210},[55,141828,5145],{"class":91},[55,141830,4554],{"class":118},[20,141832,141833,141834,141836],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141835,52431],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[131,141838,141840],{"id":141839},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141842,141843],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141845,141846,141847,49119],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141848,40610],{},[46,141850,141852],{"className":48,"code":141851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141853,141854,141868,141882,141896,141900,141924,141928,141949,141970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141855,141856,141859,141861,141863,141866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141857,141858],{"class":61},"filename1 ",[55,141860,66],{"class":65},[55,141862,70],{"class":69},[55,141864,141865],{"class":73},"img_101.jpg",[55,141867,77],{"class":69},[55,141869,141870,141873,141875,141877,141880],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,141871,141872],{"class":61},"filename2 ",[55,141874,66],{"class":65},[55,141876,70],{"class":69},[55,141878,141879],{"class":73},"photo_202.jpg",[55,141881,77],{"class":69},[55,141883,141884,141887,141889,141891,141894],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,141885,141886],{"class":61},"filename3 ",[55,141888,66],{"class":65},[55,141890,70],{"class":69},[55,141892,141893],{"class":73},"doc_303.jpg",[55,141895,77],{"class":69},[55,141897,141898],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,141899,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,141901,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,141903,127405],{"class":61},[55,141905,66],{"class":65},[55,141907,9016],{"class":91},[55,141909,228],{"class":69},[55,141911,141550],{"class":73},[55,141913,228],{"class":69},[55,141915,2764],{"class":91},[55,141917,70],{"class":69},[55,141919,141559],{"class":73},[55,141921,228],{"class":69},[55,141923,342],{"class":91},[55,141925,141926],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,141927,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,141929,141930,141932,141934,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,141931,106],{"class":105},[55,141933,109],{"class":91},[55,141935,141936],{"class":95},"filename1",[55,141938,92],{"class":91},[55,141940,141015],{"class":95},[55,141942,109],{"class":91},[55,141944,127457],{"class":95},[55,141946,5145],{"class":91},[55,141948,3442],{"class":118},[55,141950,141951,141953,141955,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,141952,106],{"class":105},[55,141954,109],{"class":91},[55,141956,141957],{"class":95},"filename2",[55,141959,92],{"class":91},[55,141961,141015],{"class":95},[55,141963,109],{"class":91},[55,141965,127457],{"class":95},[55,141967,5145],{"class":91},[55,141969,3442],{"class":118},[55,141971,141972,141974,141976,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,141973,106],{"class":105},[55,141975,109],{"class":91},[55,141977,141978],{"class":95},"filename3",[55,141980,92],{"class":91},[55,141982,141015],{"class":95},[55,141984,109],{"class":91},[55,141986,127457],{"class":95},[55,141988,5145],{"class":91},[55,141990,4554],{"class":118},[20,141992,141993],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141995,74545,141996,142000],{},[166,141997,1570,141998,1573],{"href":129701},[15,141999,126168],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[131,142002,123764],{"id":123763},[20,142004,142005,123575],{},[15,142006,127478],{},[20,142008,127155,142009,1377,142012,127162],{},[15,142010,142011],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142013,142014],{},"\"python\"",[46,142016,142018],{"className":48,"code":142017,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142019,142020,142032,142036,142060],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142021,142022,142024,142026,142028,142030],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142023,62],{"class":61},[55,142025,66],{"class":65},[55,142027,70],{"class":69},[55,142029,7082],{"class":73},[55,142031,77],{"class":69},[55,142033,142034],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142035,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,142037,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142039,106],{"class":105},[55,142041,109],{"class":91},[55,142043,352],{"class":95},[55,142045,92],{"class":91},[55,142047,141015],{"class":95},[55,142049,109],{"class":91},[55,142051,228],{"class":69},[55,142053,141126],{"class":73},[55,142055,228],{"class":69},[55,142057,5145],{"class":91},[55,142059,3442],{"class":118},[55,142061,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,142063,106],{"class":105},[55,142065,109],{"class":91},[55,142067,352],{"class":95},[55,142069,92],{"class":91},[55,142071,141015],{"class":95},[55,142073,109],{"class":91},[55,142075,228],{"class":69},[55,142077,128555],{"class":73},[55,142079,228],{"class":69},[55,142081,5145],{"class":91},[55,142083,4554],{"class":118},[20,142085,127247,142086,92],{},[166,142087,142088],{"href":123844},[15,142089,17],{},[46,142091,142093],{"className":48,"code":142092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142094,142095,142107,142111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142096,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142098,62],{"class":61},[55,142100,66],{"class":65},[55,142102,70],{"class":69},[55,142104,7082],{"class":73},[55,142106,77],{"class":69},[55,142108,142109],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142110,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,142112,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142114,106],{"class":105},[55,142116,109],{"class":91},[55,142118,352],{"class":95},[55,142120,92],{"class":91},[55,142122,96],{"class":95},[55,142124,857],{"class":91},[55,142126,141015],{"class":95},[55,142128,109],{"class":91},[55,142130,228],{"class":69},[55,142132,128555],{"class":73},[55,142134,228],{"class":69},[55,142136,5145],{"class":91},[55,142138,3442],{"class":118},[131,142140,4744,142142],{"id":142141},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142143,127478],{},[20,142145,142146,142148],{},[15,142147,127478],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142150,9154],{},[30,142152,142153,142156,142159,142168],{},[33,142154,142155],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142157,142158],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142160,142161,142162,2651,142165],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142163,142164],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142166,142167],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142169,142170],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142172,214],{},[46,142174,142176],{"className":48,"code":142175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142177,142178,142191,142195,142224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142179,142180,142182,142184,142186,142189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142181,126973],{"class":61},[55,142183,66],{"class":65},[55,142185,70],{"class":69},[55,142187,142188],{"class":73},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[55,142190,77],{"class":69},[55,142192,142193],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142194,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,142196,142197,142199,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142198,488],{"class":487},[55,142200,142201],{"class":61}," url",[55,142203,92],{"class":91},[55,142205,141015],{"class":95},[55,142207,5295],{"class":91},[55,142209,228],{"class":69},[55,142211,142164],{"class":73},[55,142213,228],{"class":69},[55,142215,2764],{"class":91},[55,142217,70],{"class":69},[55,142219,142167],{"class":73},[55,142221,228],{"class":69},[55,142223,69336],{"class":91},[55,142225,142226,142228,142230,142232,142235,142237],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,142227,516],{"class":105},[55,142229,109],{"class":91},[55,142231,228],{"class":69},[55,142233,142234],{"class":73},"This looks like a web URL.",[55,142236,228],{"class":69},[55,142238,342],{"class":91},[131,142240,1001],{"id":1000},[20,142242,22871,142243,92],{},[15,142244,127478],{},[1003,142246,138379],{"id":142247},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142249,142250,123575],{},[15,142251,127478],{},[46,142253,142255],{"className":48,"code":142254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142256,142257,142269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142258,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142260,62],{"class":61},[55,142262,66],{"class":65},[55,142264,70],{"class":69},[55,142266,7082],{"class":73},[55,142268,77],{"class":69},[55,142270,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142272,106],{"class":105},[55,142274,109],{"class":91},[55,142276,352],{"class":95},[55,142278,92],{"class":91},[55,142280,141015],{"class":95},[55,142282,109],{"class":91},[55,142284,228],{"class":69},[55,142286,50],{"class":73},[55,142288,228],{"class":69},[55,142290,5145],{"class":91},[55,142292,4554],{"class":118},[20,142294,39034],{},[46,142296,142298],{"className":48,"code":142297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142299,142300],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142301,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142303,106],{"class":105},[55,142305,109],{"class":91},[55,142307,352],{"class":95},[55,142309,92],{"class":91},[55,142311,96],{"class":95},[55,142313,857],{"class":91},[55,142315,141015],{"class":95},[55,142317,109],{"class":91},[55,142319,228],{"class":69},[55,142321,50],{"class":73},[55,142323,228],{"class":69},[55,142325,5145],{"class":91},[55,142327,3442],{"class":118},[1003,142329,29421,142331,1188],{"id":142330},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142332,127478],{},[20,142334,142335],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[46,142337,142339],{"className":48,"code":142338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142340,142341,142349,142353,142358],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142342,142343,142345,142347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142344,2218],{"class":61},[55,142346,66],{"class":65},[55,142348,1211],{"class":1210},[55,142350,142351],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142352,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,142354,142355],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142356,142357],{"class":118},"# This will cause an error:\n",[55,142359,142360],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,142361,142362],{"class":118},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142364,39034],{},[46,142366,142368],{"className":48,"code":142367,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142369,142370,142384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142371,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142373,2218],{"class":61},[55,142375,66],{"class":65},[55,142377,48675],{"class":1265},[55,142379,109],{"class":91},[55,142381,50017],{"class":1210},[55,142383,342],{"class":91},[55,142385,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142387,106],{"class":105},[55,142389,109],{"class":91},[55,142391,2245],{"class":95},[55,142393,92],{"class":91},[55,142395,141015],{"class":95},[55,142397,109],{"class":91},[55,142399,228],{"class":69},[55,142401,2761],{"class":73},[55,142403,228],{"class":69},[55,142405,5145],{"class":91},[55,142407,3442],{"class":118},[1003,142409,36975,142411,8483,142413],{"id":142410},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142412,127478],{},[15,142414,3662],{},[20,142416,142417,142419],{},[15,142418,127478],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142421,142422,142423,142425,142426,92],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142424,3662],{}," or methods like ",[166,142427,142428],{"href":124126},[15,142429,124111],{},[46,142431,142433],{"className":48,"code":142432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142434,142435,142447,142451,142475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142436,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142438,62],{"class":61},[55,142440,66],{"class":65},[55,142442,70],{"class":69},[55,142444,60179],{"class":73},[55,142446,77],{"class":69},[55,142448,142449],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142450,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,142452,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142454,106],{"class":105},[55,142456,109],{"class":91},[55,142458,352],{"class":95},[55,142460,92],{"class":91},[55,142462,141015],{"class":95},[55,142464,109],{"class":91},[55,142466,228],{"class":69},[55,142468,60364],{"class":73},[55,142470,228],{"class":69},[55,142472,5145],{"class":91},[55,142474,4554],{"class":118},[55,142476,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,142478,106],{"class":105},[55,142480,109],{"class":91},[55,142482,228],{"class":69},[55,142484,60364],{"class":73},[55,142486,228],{"class":69},[55,142488,784],{"class":487},[55,142490,88],{"class":95},[55,142492,115],{"class":91},[55,142494,142495],{"class":118},"           # True\n",[20,142497,135579,142498,92],{},[166,142499,127146],{"href":1674},[1003,142501,4486,142503,1377,142505,142507],{"id":142502},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142504,35842],{},[15,142506,52431],{}," use index positions",[20,142509,142510,142511,92],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142512,1894],{},[46,142514,142516],{"className":48,"code":142515,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142517,142518,142531,142535],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142519,142520,142522,142524,142526,142529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142521,62],{"class":61},[55,142523,66],{"class":65},[55,142525,70],{"class":69},[55,142527,142528],{"class":73},"abcdef",[55,142530,77],{"class":69},[55,142532,142533],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142534,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142538,106],{"class":105},[55,142540,109],{"class":91},[55,142542,352],{"class":95},[55,142544,92],{"class":91},[55,142546,141015],{"class":95},[55,142548,109],{"class":91},[55,142550,228],{"class":69},[55,142552,142553],{"class":73},"cd",[55,142555,228],{"class":69},[55,142557,2764],{"class":91},[55,142559,2767],{"class":1210},[55,142561,5145],{"class":91},[55,142563,3442],{"class":118},[1003,142565,142567],{"id":142566},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142569,142570],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142572,1017],{},[46,142574,142576],{"className":48,"code":142575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142577,142578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142579,142580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142581,142575],{"class":118},[20,142583,1055],{},[46,142585,142587],{"className":48,"code":142586,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142588,142589,142601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142590,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142592,62],{"class":61},[55,142594,66],{"class":65},[55,142596,70],{"class":69},[55,142598,7082],{"class":73},[55,142600,77],{"class":69},[55,142602,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142628,142630,142632],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142604,106],{"class":105},[55,142606,109],{"class":91},[55,142608,352],{"class":95},[55,142610,92],{"class":91},[55,142612,141015],{"class":95},[55,142614,5295],{"class":91},[55,142616,228],{"class":69},[55,142618,141126],{"class":73},[55,142620,228],{"class":69},[55,142622,2764],{"class":91},[55,142624,70],{"class":69},[55,142626,142627],{"class":73},"Ja",[55,142629,228],{"class":69},[55,142631,50861],{"class":91},[55,142633,3442],{"class":118},[20,142635,31855],{},[46,142637,142639],{"className":48,"code":142638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142640,142641,142651,142665,142687,142713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142642,142643,142645,142647,142649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142644,106],{"class":105},[55,142646,109],{"class":91},[55,142648,352],{"class":95},[55,142650,342],{"class":91},[55,142652,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142654,106],{"class":105},[55,142656,109],{"class":91},[55,142658,1266],{"class":1265},[55,142660,109],{"class":91},[55,142662,352],{"class":95},[55,142664,1273],{"class":91},[55,142666,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142668,106],{"class":105},[55,142670,109],{"class":91},[55,142672,352],{"class":95},[55,142674,92],{"class":91},[55,142676,141015],{"class":95},[55,142678,109],{"class":91},[55,142680,228],{"class":69},[55,142682,141126],{"class":73},[55,142684,228],{"class":69},[55,142686,1273],{"class":91},[55,142688,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,142690,106],{"class":105},[55,142692,109],{"class":91},[55,142694,352],{"class":95},[55,142696,92],{"class":91},[55,142698,96],{"class":95},[55,142700,857],{"class":91},[55,142702,141015],{"class":95},[55,142704,109],{"class":91},[55,142706,228],{"class":69},[55,142708,128555],{"class":73},[55,142710,228],{"class":69},[55,142712,1273],{"class":91},[55,142714,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,142716,106],{"class":105},[55,142718,109],{"class":91},[55,142720,352],{"class":95},[55,142722,92],{"class":91},[55,142724,141015],{"class":95},[55,142726,5295],{"class":91},[55,142728,228],{"class":69},[55,142730,141126],{"class":73},[55,142732,228],{"class":69},[55,142734,2764],{"class":91},[55,142736,70],{"class":69},[55,142738,142627],{"class":73},[55,142740,228],{"class":69},[55,142742,2685],{"class":91},[131,142744,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,142746,1581,142748,127956],{"id":142747},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142749,127478],{},[20,142751,142752,142753,2651,142755,92],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142754,3380],{},[15,142756,3452],{},[1003,142758,4953,142760,142762],{"id":142759},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142761,127478],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142764,142765],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[46,142767,142769],{"className":48,"code":142768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142770,142771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142772,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142774,352],{"class":61},[55,142776,92],{"class":91},[55,142778,141015],{"class":95},[55,142780,5295],{"class":91},[55,142782,228],{"class":69},[55,142784,166],{"class":73},[55,142786,228],{"class":69},[55,142788,2764],{"class":91},[55,142790,70],{"class":69},[55,142792,4543],{"class":73},[55,142794,228],{"class":69},[55,142796,1273],{"class":91},[1003,142798,14683,142800,124450],{"id":142799},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142801,127478],{},[20,142803,129637],{},[1003,142805,1626,142807,1377,142809,1631],{"id":142806},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142808,127478],{},[15,142810,3662],{},[20,142812,142813,142815,142816,142818],{},[15,142814,127478],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142817,3662],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1003,142820,1613,142822,1377,142824,8483,142826,1631],{"id":142821},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142823,35842],{},[15,142825,52431],{},[15,142827,127478],{},[20,142829,142830],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[131,142832,1643],{"id":1642},[30,142834,142835,142841,142847,142853,142857],{},[33,142836,142837],{},[166,142838,1570,142839,1573],{"href":129701},[15,142840,126168],{},[33,142842,142843],{},[166,142844,1570,142845,1573],{"href":124126},[15,142846,124111],{},[33,142848,142849],{},[166,142850,1570,142851,1573],{"href":123844},[15,142852,17],{},[33,142854,142855],{},[166,142856,1675],{"href":1674},[33,142858,142859],{},[166,142860,124866],{"href":173},[1696,142862,142863],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":142865},[142866,142868,142869,142875,142876,142878,142879,142880,142882,142892,142904],{"id":141061,"depth":80,"text":142867},"What startswith() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":141340,"depth":80,"text":141341,"children":142870},[142871,142872,142873,142874],{"id":141178,"depth":102,"text":141178},{"id":35842,"depth":102,"text":35842},{"id":52431,"depth":102,"text":52431},{"id":141507,"depth":102,"text":141508},{"id":445,"depth":80,"text":446},{"id":141685,"depth":80,"text":142877},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141839,"depth":80,"text":141840},{"id":123763,"depth":80,"text":123764},{"id":142141,"depth":80,"text":142881},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":142883},[142884,142885,142887,142889,142891],{"id":142247,"depth":102,"text":138379},{"id":142330,"depth":102,"text":142886},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142410,"depth":102,"text":142888},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142502,"depth":102,"text":142890},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142566,"depth":102,"text":142567},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":142893},[142894,142896,142898,142900,142902],{"id":142747,"depth":102,"text":142895},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142759,"depth":102,"text":142897},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142799,"depth":102,"text":142899},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142806,"depth":102,"text":142901},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142821,"depth":102,"text":142903},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140961,"description":142905},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142912,"title":142913,"body":142914,"description":144368,"extension":1733,"meta":144369,"navigation":248,"path":144370,"seo":144371,"stem":144372,"__hash__":144373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142915,"toc":144338},[142916,142921,142926,142929,142931,142975,142977,142985,142990,142995,143000,143002,143020,143022,143068,143070,143084,143093,143097,143099,143101,143113,143118,143121,143153,143155,143164,143169,143172,143213,143215,143223,143225,143238,143244,143248,143251,143267,143269,143318,143320,143329,143332,143391,143393,143402,143409,143412,143465,143467,143491,143498,143504,143508,143514,143517,143528,143530,143570,143572,143580,143582,143622,143624,143633,143635,143653,143656,143663,143674,143677,143694,143696,143773,143775,143806,143809,143811,143814,143840,143842,143882,143884,143893,143903,143911,143919,143924,143929,143931,143945,143947,143998,144000,144009,144019,144021,144023,144045,144048,144127,144129,144165,144168,144243,144248,144250,144256,144261,144266,144269,144275,144278,144285,144293,144297,144305,144307,144335],[10,142917,13,142919,18],{"id":142918},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142920,821],{},[20,142922,32090,142923,142925],{},[15,142924,821],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142927,142928],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[131,142930,3385],{"id":3384},[46,142932,142934],{"className":48,"code":142933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142935,142936,142949,142964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142937,142938,142940,142942,142944,142947],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142939,62],{"class":61},[55,142941,66],{"class":65},[55,142943,70],{"class":69},[55,142945,142946],{"class":73},"  hello  ",[55,142948,77],{"class":69},[55,142950,142951,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,142952,142953],{"class":61},"clean_text ",[55,142955,66],{"class":65},[55,142957,88],{"class":61},[55,142959,92],{"class":91},[55,142961,854],{"class":95},[55,142963,99],{"class":91},[55,142965,142966,142968,142970,142973],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,142967,106],{"class":105},[55,142969,109],{"class":91},[55,142971,142972],{"class":95},"clean_text",[55,142974,342],{"class":91},[20,142976,357],{},[46,142978,142979],{"className":48,"code":138254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,142980,142981],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142982,142983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142984,138254],{"class":61},[20,142986,1866,142987,142989],{},[15,142988,821],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[131,142991,134,142993,137],{"id":142992},"what-strip-does",[15,142994,821],{},[20,142996,142997,142999],{},[15,142998,821],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143001,145],{},[30,143003,143004,143008,143011,143014,143017],{},[33,143005,143006,131457],{},[15,143007,821],{},[33,143009,143010],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143012,143013],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143015,143016],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143018,143019],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143021,214],{},[46,143023,143025],{"className":48,"code":143024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143026,143027,143040,143044,143058],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143028,143029,143031,143033,143035,143038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143030,62],{"class":61},[55,143032,66],{"class":65},[55,143034,70],{"class":69},[55,143036,143037],{"class":73},"  hello world  ",[55,143039,77],{"class":69},[55,143041,143042],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143043,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,143045,143046,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,143047,106],{"class":105},[55,143049,109],{"class":91},[55,143051,352],{"class":95},[55,143053,92],{"class":91},[55,143055,854],{"class":95},[55,143057,1087],{"class":91},[55,143059,143060,143062,143064,143066],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,143061,106],{"class":105},[55,143063,109],{"class":91},[55,143065,352],{"class":95},[55,143067,342],{"class":91},[20,143069,357],{},[46,143071,143073],{"className":48,"code":143072,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143074,143075,143079],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143076,143077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143078,367],{"class":61},[55,143080,143081],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143082,143083],{"class":61},"  hello world\n",[20,143085,143086,143087,143089,143090,143092],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143088,821],{},", but the original ",[15,143091,352],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143094,164,143095,92],{},[166,143096,124866],{"href":173},[131,143098,178],{"id":177},[20,143100,26260],{},[30,143102,143103,143108],{},[33,143104,143105],{},[15,143106,143107],{},"string.strip()",[33,143109,143110],{},[15,143111,143112],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1003,143114,143116],{"id":143115},"stringstrip",[15,143117,143107],{},[20,143119,143120],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[46,143122,143124],{"className":48,"code":143123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143125,143126,143139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143127,143128,143130,143132,143134,143137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143129,254],{"class":61},[55,143131,66],{"class":65},[55,143133,70],{"class":69},[55,143135,143136],{"class":73},"  Alice  ",[55,143138,77],{"class":69},[55,143140,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143142,106],{"class":105},[55,143144,109],{"class":91},[55,143146,273],{"class":95},[55,143148,92],{"class":91},[55,143150,854],{"class":95},[55,143152,1087],{"class":91},[20,143154,357],{},[46,143156,143158],{"className":48,"code":143157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Alice\n",[15,143159,143160],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143161,143162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143163,143157],{"class":61},[1003,143165,143167],{"id":143166},"stringstripchars",[15,143168,143112],{},[20,143170,143171],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[46,143173,143175],{"className":48,"code":143174,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143176,143177,143190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143178,143179,143181,143183,143185,143188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143180,62],{"class":61},[55,143182,66],{"class":65},[55,143184,70],{"class":69},[55,143186,143187],{"class":73},"!!hello??",[55,143189,77],{"class":69},[55,143191,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143209,143211],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143193,106],{"class":105},[55,143195,109],{"class":91},[55,143197,352],{"class":95},[55,143199,92],{"class":91},[55,143201,854],{"class":95},[55,143203,109],{"class":91},[55,143205,228],{"class":69},[55,143207,143208],{"class":73},"!?",[55,143210,228],{"class":69},[55,143212,1273],{"class":91},[20,143214,357],{},[46,143216,143217],{"className":48,"code":138254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,143218,143219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143220,143221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143222,138254],{"class":61},[20,143224,125],{},[30,143226,143227,143232],{},[33,143228,143229,143231],{},[15,143230,134364],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143233,143234,143235,143237],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143236,134364],{}," does not matter",[131,143239,143241,143242],{"id":143240},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143243,821],{},[20,143245,30657,143246,92],{},[15,143247,821],{},[20,143249,143250],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143252,143253,143258,143261,143264],{},[33,143254,143255,143256,3665],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143257,537],{},[33,143259,143260],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143262,143263],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143265,143266],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143268,48132],{},[46,143270,143272],{"className":48,"code":143271,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143273,143274,143287,143303,143307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143275,143276,143278,143280,143282,143285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143277,7745],{"class":61},[55,143279,66],{"class":65},[55,143281,70],{"class":69},[55,143283,143284],{"class":73},"  sam  ",[55,143286,77],{"class":69},[55,143288,143289,143292,143294,143297,143299,143301],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143290,143291],{"class":61},"clean_username ",[55,143293,66],{"class":65},[55,143295,143296],{"class":61}," username",[55,143298,92],{"class":91},[55,143300,854],{"class":95},[55,143302,99],{"class":91},[55,143304,143305],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,143306,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,143308,143309,143311,143313,143316],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,143310,106],{"class":105},[55,143312,109],{"class":91},[55,143314,143315],{"class":95},"clean_username",[55,143317,342],{"class":91},[20,143319,357],{},[46,143321,143323],{"className":48,"code":143322,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sam\n",[15,143324,143325],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143326,143327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143328,143322],{"class":61},[20,143330,143331],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[46,143333,143335],{"className":48,"code":143334,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143336,143337,143350,143354,143376],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143338,143339,143341,143343,143345,143348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143340,469],{"class":61},[55,143342,66],{"class":65},[55,143344,70],{"class":69},[55,143346,143347],{"class":73}," yes  ",[55,143349,77],{"class":69},[55,143351,143352],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143353,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,143355,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366,143368,143370,143372,143374],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,143357,488],{"class":487},[55,143359,491],{"class":61},[55,143361,92],{"class":91},[55,143363,854],{"class":95},[55,143365,498],{"class":91},[55,143367,501],{"class":65},[55,143369,70],{"class":69},[55,143371,506],{"class":73},[55,143373,228],{"class":69},[55,143375,511],{"class":91},[55,143377,143378,143380,143382,143384,143387,143389],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,143379,516],{"class":105},[55,143381,109],{"class":91},[55,143383,228],{"class":69},[55,143385,143386],{"class":73},"Matched",[55,143388,228],{"class":69},[55,143390,342],{"class":91},[20,143392,357],{},[46,143394,143396],{"className":48,"code":143395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Matched\n",[15,143397,143398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143399,143400],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143401,143395],{"class":61},[20,143403,143404,143405,92],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[166,143406,143408],{"href":143407},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143410,143411],{},"Example with file-style text:",[46,143413,143415],{"className":48,"code":143414,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143416,143417,143433,143447],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143418,143419,143422,143424,143426,143429,143431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143420,143421],{"class":61},"line ",[55,143423,66],{"class":65},[55,143425,70],{"class":69},[55,143427,143428],{"class":73},"Python basics",[55,143430,86925],{"class":375},[55,143432,77],{"class":69},[55,143434,143435,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143436,106],{"class":105},[55,143438,109],{"class":91},[55,143440,41552],{"class":105},[55,143442,109],{"class":91},[55,143444,57],{"class":95},[55,143446,1273],{"class":91},[55,143448,143449,143451,143453,143455,143457,143459,143461,143463],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,143450,106],{"class":105},[55,143452,109],{"class":91},[55,143454,41552],{"class":105},[55,143456,109],{"class":91},[55,143458,57],{"class":95},[55,143460,92],{"class":91},[55,143462,854],{"class":95},[55,143464,6076],{"class":91},[20,143466,357],{},[46,143468,143470],{"className":48,"code":143469,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143471,143472,143483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143473,143474,143476,143478,143481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143475,3077],{"class":43101},[55,143477,143428],{"class":43105},[55,143479,86925],{"class":143480},"sfi6f",[55,143482,29471],{"class":43101},[55,143484,143485,143487,143489],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143486,3077],{"class":43101},[55,143488,143428],{"class":43105},[55,143490,29471],{"class":43101},[20,143492,1185,143493,143495,143496,92],{},[15,143494,122335],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143497,86925],{},[20,143499,143500,143501,92],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[166,143502,143503],{"href":87578},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[131,143505,143507],{"id":143506},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143509,143510,143511,92],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143512,143513],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143515,143516],{},"Python will:",[30,143518,143519,143522,143525],{},[33,143520,143521],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143523,143524],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143526,143527],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143529,214],{},[46,143531,143533],{"className":48,"code":143532,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143534,143535,143548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143536,143537,143539,143541,143543,143546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143538,62],{"class":61},[55,143540,66],{"class":65},[55,143542,70],{"class":69},[55,143544,143545],{"class":73},"??hello!!",[55,143547,77],{"class":69},[55,143549,143550,143552,143554,143556,143558,143560,143562,143564,143566,143568],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143551,106],{"class":105},[55,143553,109],{"class":91},[55,143555,352],{"class":95},[55,143557,92],{"class":91},[55,143559,854],{"class":95},[55,143561,109],{"class":91},[55,143563,228],{"class":69},[55,143565,143208],{"class":73},[55,143567,228],{"class":69},[55,143569,1273],{"class":91},[20,143571,357],{},[46,143573,143574],{"className":48,"code":138254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,143575,143576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143577,143578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143579,138254],{"class":61},[20,143581,51850],{},[46,143583,143585],{"className":48,"code":143584,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143586,143587,143600],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143588,143589,143591,143593,143595,143598],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143590,62],{"class":61},[55,143592,66],{"class":65},[55,143594,70],{"class":69},[55,143596,143597],{"class":73},"abcHelloCba",[55,143599,77],{"class":69},[55,143601,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143603,106],{"class":105},[55,143605,109],{"class":91},[55,143607,352],{"class":95},[55,143609,92],{"class":91},[55,143611,854],{"class":95},[55,143613,109],{"class":91},[55,143615,228],{"class":69},[55,143617,41334],{"class":73},[55,143619,228],{"class":69},[55,143621,1273],{"class":91},[20,143623,357],{},[46,143625,143627],{"className":48,"code":143626,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HelloC\n",[15,143628,143629],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143630,143631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143632,143626],{"class":61},[20,143634,6021],{},[20,143636,143637,13833,143640,143642,143643,143645,143646,1963,143648,1967,143650,143652],{},[15,143638,143639],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[123,143641,902],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143644,41334],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143647,166],{},[15,143649,4543],{},[15,143651,9520],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143654,143655],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143657,143658,143659,6417],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[166,143660,143661],{"href":1666},[15,143662,1669],{},[131,143664,143666,1477,143668,1477,143671],{"id":143665},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143667,821],{},[15,143669,143670],{},"lstrip()",[15,143672,143673],{},"rstrip()",[20,143675,143676],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,143678,143679,143684,143689],{},[33,143680,143681,143683],{},[15,143682,821],{}," removes from both ends",[33,143685,143686,143688],{},[15,143687,143670],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,143690,143691,143693],{},[15,143692,143673],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143695,214],{},[46,143697,143699],{"className":48,"code":143698,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143700,143701,143713,143717,143735,143754],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143702,143703,143705,143707,143709,143711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143704,62],{"class":61},[55,143706,66],{"class":65},[55,143708,70],{"class":69},[55,143710,142946],{"class":73},[55,143712,77],{"class":69},[55,143714,143715],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143716,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,143718,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731,143733],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,143720,106],{"class":105},[55,143722,109],{"class":91},[55,143724,41552],{"class":105},[55,143726,109],{"class":91},[55,143728,352],{"class":95},[55,143730,92],{"class":91},[55,143732,854],{"class":95},[55,143734,6076],{"class":91},[55,143736,143737,143739,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749,143752],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,143738,106],{"class":105},[55,143740,109],{"class":91},[55,143742,41552],{"class":105},[55,143744,109],{"class":91},[55,143746,352],{"class":95},[55,143748,92],{"class":91},[55,143750,143751],{"class":95},"lstrip",[55,143753,6076],{"class":91},[55,143755,143756,143758,143760,143762,143764,143766,143768,143771],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,143757,106],{"class":105},[55,143759,109],{"class":91},[55,143761,41552],{"class":105},[55,143763,109],{"class":91},[55,143765,352],{"class":95},[55,143767,92],{"class":91},[55,143769,143770],{"class":95},"rstrip",[55,143772,6076],{"class":91},[20,143774,357],{},[46,143776,143778],{"className":48,"code":143777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143779,143780,143788,143797],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143781,143782,143784,143786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143783,3077],{"class":43101},[55,143785,3624],{"class":43105},[55,143787,29471],{"class":43101},[55,143789,143790,143792,143795],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143791,3077],{"class":43101},[55,143793,143794],{"class":43105},"hello  ",[55,143796,29471],{"class":43101},[55,143798,143799,143801,143804],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,143800,3077],{"class":43101},[55,143802,143803],{"class":43105},"  hello",[55,143805,29471],{"class":43101},[20,143807,143808],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[131,143810,108129],{"id":108128},[20,143812,143813],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,143815,143816,143824,143834,143837],{},[33,143817,143818,143820,143821,143823],{},[15,143819,143639],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143822,41303],{}," once",[33,143825,143826,143827,1963,143829,1967,143831,143833],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143828,166],{},[15,143830,4543],{},[15,143832,9520],{}," from both ends",[33,143835,143836],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,143838,143839],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143841,214],{},[46,143843,143845],{"className":48,"code":143844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143846,143847,143860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143848,143849,143851,143853,143855,143858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143850,126193],{"class":61},[55,143852,66],{"class":65},[55,143854,70],{"class":69},[55,143856,143857],{"class":73},"txt_report.txt",[55,143859,77],{"class":69},[55,143861,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876,143878,143880],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143863,106],{"class":105},[55,143865,109],{"class":91},[55,143867,126211],{"class":95},[55,143869,92],{"class":91},[55,143871,854],{"class":95},[55,143873,109],{"class":91},[55,143875,228],{"class":69},[55,143877,126246],{"class":73},[55,143879,228],{"class":69},[55,143881,1273],{"class":91},[20,143883,357],{},[46,143885,143887],{"className":48,"code":143886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"_report\n",[15,143888,143889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143890,143891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143892,143886],{"class":61},[20,143894,143895,143896,1963,143898,1967,143900,143902],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143897,92],{},[15,143899,63059],{},[15,143901,1947],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143904,53424,143905,4566,143908,143910],{},[15,143906,143907],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[123,143909,902],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143912,143913,143914,143918],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[166,143915,143916],{"href":1666},[15,143917,1669],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[131,143920,4744,143922],{"id":143921},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143923,821],{},[20,143925,1866,143926,143928],{},[15,143927,821],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143930,36196],{},[30,143932,143933,143937,143939,143942],{},[33,143934,143255,143935,3665],{},[15,143936,537],{},[33,143938,143260],{},[33,143940,143941],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,143943,143944],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143946,214],{},[46,143948,143950],{"className":48,"code":143949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143951,143952,143966,143970,143983],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143953,143954,143957,143959,143961,143964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143955,143956],{"class":61},"email ",[55,143958,66],{"class":65},[55,143960,70],{"class":69},[55,143962,143963],{"class":73},"  user@example.com  ",[55,143965,77],{"class":69},[55,143967,143968],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,143969,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,143971,143972,143974,143977,143979,143981],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,143973,488],{"class":487},[55,143975,143976],{"class":61}," email",[55,143978,92],{"class":91},[55,143980,854],{"class":95},[55,143982,794],{"class":91},[55,143984,143985,143987,143989,143991,143994,143996],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,143986,516],{"class":105},[55,143988,109],{"class":91},[55,143990,228],{"class":69},[55,143992,143993],{"class":73},"Email was entered",[55,143995,228],{"class":69},[55,143997,342],{"class":91},[20,143999,357],{},[46,144001,144003],{"className":48,"code":144002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Email was entered\n",[15,144004,144005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144006,144007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144008,144002],{"class":61},[20,144010,144011,144012,144014,144015,92],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144013,821],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[166,144016,144017],{"href":123844},[15,144018,17],{},[131,144020,1001],{"id":1000},[20,144022,84012],{},[30,144024,144025,144029,144034,144039],{},[33,144026,8235,144027,131327],{},[15,144028,821],{},[33,144030,8235,144031,144033],{},[15,144032,821],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144035,1185,144036,144038],{},[15,144037,143907],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144040,4486,144041,144044],{},[15,144042,144043],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144046,144047],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[46,144049,144051],{"className":48,"code":144050,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144052,144053,144067,144071,144081,144095,144109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144054,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144056,62],{"class":61},[55,144058,66],{"class":65},[55,144060,70],{"class":69},[55,144062,143803],{"class":73},[55,144064,86925],{"class":375},[55,144066,77],{"class":69},[55,144068,144069],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144070,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,144072,144073,144075,144077,144079],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144074,106],{"class":105},[55,144076,109],{"class":91},[55,144078,352],{"class":95},[55,144080,342],{"class":91},[55,144082,144083,144085,144087,144089,144091,144093],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144084,106],{"class":105},[55,144086,109],{"class":91},[55,144088,41552],{"class":105},[55,144090,109],{"class":91},[55,144092,352],{"class":95},[55,144094,1273],{"class":91},[55,144096,144097,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,144098,106],{"class":105},[55,144100,109],{"class":91},[55,144102,352],{"class":95},[55,144104,92],{"class":91},[55,144106,854],{"class":95},[55,144108,1087],{"class":91},[55,144110,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,144112,106],{"class":105},[55,144114,109],{"class":91},[55,144116,41552],{"class":105},[55,144118,109],{"class":91},[55,144120,352],{"class":95},[55,144122,92],{"class":91},[55,144124,854],{"class":95},[55,144126,6076],{"class":91},[20,144128,357],{},[46,144130,144132],{"className":48,"code":144131,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144133,144134,144139,144143,144153,144157],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144135,144136],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144137,144138],{"class":61},"  hello\n",[55,144140,144141],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144142,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,144144,144145,144147,144149,144151],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144146,3077],{"class":43101},[55,144148,143803],{"class":43105},[55,144150,86925],{"class":143480},[55,144152,29471],{"class":43101},[55,144154,144155],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144156,138254],{"class":61},[55,144158,144159,144161,144163],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,144160,3077],{"class":43101},[55,144162,3624],{"class":43105},[55,144164,29471],{"class":43101},[20,144166,144167],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[46,144169,144171],{"className":48,"code":144170,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144172,144173,144183,144197,144211,144229],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144174,144175,144177,144179,144181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144176,106],{"class":105},[55,144178,109],{"class":91},[55,144180,352],{"class":95},[55,144182,342],{"class":91},[55,144184,144185,144187,144189,144191,144193,144195],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144186,106],{"class":105},[55,144188,109],{"class":91},[55,144190,41552],{"class":105},[55,144192,109],{"class":91},[55,144194,352],{"class":95},[55,144196,1273],{"class":91},[55,144198,144199,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144200,106],{"class":105},[55,144202,109],{"class":91},[55,144204,352],{"class":95},[55,144206,92],{"class":91},[55,144208,854],{"class":95},[55,144210,1087],{"class":91},[55,144212,144213,144215,144217,144219,144221,144223,144225,144227],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144214,106],{"class":105},[55,144216,109],{"class":91},[55,144218,41552],{"class":105},[55,144220,109],{"class":91},[55,144222,352],{"class":95},[55,144224,92],{"class":91},[55,144226,854],{"class":95},[55,144228,6076],{"class":91},[55,144230,144231,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,144232,31925],{"class":105},[55,144234,109],{"class":91},[55,144236,3220],{"class":1265},[55,144238,92],{"class":91},[55,144240,854],{"class":1047},[55,144242,342],{"class":91},[20,144244,144245,144247],{},[15,144246,122335],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[131,144249,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,144251,1581,144253,144255],{"id":144252},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144254,821],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144257,46135,144258,144260],{},[15,144259,821],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1003,144262,1581,144264,1584],{"id":144263},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144265,821],{},[20,144267,144268],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1003,144270,1603,144272,144274],{"id":144271},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144273,821],{}," remove by default?",[20,144276,144277],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1003,144279,33978,144281,33981,144283,1631],{"id":144280},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144282,821],{},[15,144284,1669],{},[20,144286,144287,144289,144290,144292],{},[15,144288,821],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144291,1669],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1003,144294,144296],{"id":144295},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144298,127983,144299,144301,144302,144304],{},[15,144300,143670],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144303,143673],{}," for the right side.",[131,144306,1643],{"id":1642},[30,144308,144309,144315,144321,144326,144331],{},[33,144310,144311],{},[166,144312,1570,144313,1573],{"href":123844},[15,144314,17],{},[33,144316,144317],{},[166,144318,1570,144319,1573],{"href":1666},[15,144320,1669],{},[33,144322,144323],{},[166,144324,144325],{"href":143407},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144327,144328],{},[166,144329,144330],{"href":87578},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144332,144333],{},[166,144334,124866],{"href":173},[1696,144336,144337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":144339},[144340,144341,144343,144347,144349,144350,144352,144353,144355,144356,144367],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":142992,"depth":80,"text":144342},"What strip() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":144344},[144345,144346],{"id":143115,"depth":102,"text":143107},{"id":143166,"depth":102,"text":143112},{"id":143240,"depth":80,"text":144348},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143506,"depth":80,"text":143507},{"id":143665,"depth":80,"text":144351},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108128,"depth":80,"text":108129},{"id":143921,"depth":80,"text":144354},"When to use strip()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":144357},[144358,144360,144362,144364,144366],{"id":144252,"depth":102,"text":144359},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144263,"depth":102,"text":144361},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144271,"depth":102,"text":144363},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144280,"depth":102,"text":144365},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144295,"depth":102,"text":144296},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142913,"description":144368},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144375,"title":144376,"body":144377,"description":145557,"extension":1733,"meta":145558,"navigation":248,"path":145559,"seo":145560,"stem":145561,"__hash__":145562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144378,"toc":145527},[144379,144384,144389,144394,144396,144442,144450,144455,144469,144475,144477,144479,144494,144496,144506,144509,144540,144543,144566,144568,144571,144628,144630,144644,144646,144660,144666,144671,144674,144715,144717,144726,144734,144737,144782,144784,144793,144796,144800,144805,144819,144821,144853,144855,144875,144878,144883,144888,144890,144901,144904,144961,144963,144971,144980,144982,144984,144990,144992,145029,145031,145039,145041,145082,145084,145093,145098,145103,145105,145132,145139,145142,145173,145175,145184,145190,145199,145230,145232,145244,145257,145261,145266,145296,145298,145365,145367,145377,145379,145384,145387,145392,145397,145401,145407,145413,145416,145418,145476,145478,145486,145488,145524],[10,144380,13,144382,18],{"id":144381},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144383,1480],{},[20,144385,22,144386,144388],{},[15,144387,1480],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144390,84389,144391,144393],{},[15,144392,1480],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[131,144395,1775],{"id":1774},[46,144397,144399],{"className":48,"code":144398,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144400,144401,144413,144427,144437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144402,144403,144405,144407,144409,144411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144404,62],{"class":61},[55,144406,66],{"class":65},[55,144408,70],{"class":69},[55,144410,1523],{"class":73},[55,144412,77],{"class":69},[55,144414,144415,144417,144419,144421,144423,144425],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144416,83],{"class":61},[55,144418,66],{"class":65},[55,144420,88],{"class":61},[55,144422,92],{"class":91},[55,144424,1558],{"class":95},[55,144426,99],{"class":91},[55,144428,144429,144431,144433,144435],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144430,106],{"class":105},[55,144432,109],{"class":91},[55,144434,112],{"class":95},[55,144436,342],{"class":91},[55,144438,144439],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144440,144441],{"class":118},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144443,144444,144446,144447,144449],{},[15,144445,1480],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[123,144448,902],{}," change the original string in place.",[131,144451,134,144453,137],{"id":144452},"what-upper-does",[15,144454,1480],{},[30,144456,144457,144462,144465,144467],{},[33,144458,144459,144461],{},[15,144460,1480],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144463,144464],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144466,133354],{},[33,144468,161],{},[20,144470,164,144471,2651,144473,92],{},[166,144472,169],{"href":168},[166,144474,124866],{"href":173},[131,144476,178],{"id":177},[20,144478,181],{},[46,144480,144482],{"className":48,"code":144481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.upper()\n",[15,144483,144484],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144485,144486,144488,144490,144492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144487,191],{"class":61},[55,144489,92],{"class":91},[55,144491,1558],{"class":95},[55,144493,99],{"class":91},[20,144495,11239],{},[30,144497,144498,144500,144503],{},[33,144499,205],{},[33,144501,144502],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144504,144505],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144507,144508],{},"Example with a variable:",[46,144510,144512],{"className":48,"code":144511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144513,144514,144526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144515,144516,144518,144520,144522,144524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144517,254],{"class":61},[55,144519,66],{"class":65},[55,144521,70],{"class":69},[55,144523,50],{"class":73},[55,144525,77],{"class":69},[55,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144529,106],{"class":105},[55,144531,109],{"class":91},[55,144533,273],{"class":95},[55,144535,92],{"class":91},[55,144537,1558],{"class":95},[55,144539,1087],{"class":91},[20,144541,144542],{},"Example with a string literal:",[46,144544,144546],{"className":48,"code":144545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144547,144548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144549,144550,144552,144554,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144551,106],{"class":105},[55,144553,109],{"class":91},[55,144555,228],{"class":69},[55,144557,3624],{"class":73},[55,144559,228],{"class":69},[55,144561,92],{"class":91},[55,144563,1558],{"class":95},[55,144565,1087],{"class":91},[131,144567,286],{"id":285},[20,144569,144570],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[46,144572,144574],{"className":48,"code":144573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144575,144576,144588,144603,144607,144617],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144577,144578,144580,144582,144584,144586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144579,5940],{"class":61},[55,144581,66],{"class":65},[55,144583,70],{"class":69},[55,144585,3869],{"class":73},[55,144587,77],{"class":69},[55,144589,144590,144593,144595,144597,144599,144601],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144591,144592],{"class":61},"uppercase_word ",[55,144594,66],{"class":65},[55,144596,38153],{"class":61},[55,144598,92],{"class":91},[55,144600,1558],{"class":95},[55,144602,99],{"class":91},[55,144604,144605],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144606,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,144608,144609,144611,144613,144615],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144610,106],{"class":105},[55,144612,109],{"class":91},[55,144614,38163],{"class":95},[55,144616,342],{"class":91},[55,144618,144619,144621,144623,144626],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,144620,106],{"class":105},[55,144622,109],{"class":91},[55,144624,144625],{"class":95},"uppercase_word",[55,144627,342],{"class":91},[20,144629,357],{},[46,144631,144633],{"className":48,"code":144632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144634,144635,144639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144636,144637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144638,70179],{"class":61},[55,144640,144641],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144642,144643],{"class":375},"BANANA\n",[20,144645,112235],{},[30,144647,144648,144653],{},[33,144649,144650,144652],{},[15,144651,38163],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144654,144655,144657,144658],{},[15,144656,144625],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144659,1480],{},[131,144661,144663,144665],{"id":144662},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144664,1480],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144667,886,144668,144670],{},[123,144669,889],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144672,144673],{},"So this method:",[46,144675,144677],{"className":48,"code":144676,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144678,144679,144691,144701,144705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144680,144681,144683,144685,144687,144689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144682,254],{"class":61},[55,144684,66],{"class":65},[55,144686,70],{"class":69},[55,144688,17580],{"class":73},[55,144690,77],{"class":69},[55,144692,144693,144695,144697,144699],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144694,273],{"class":61},[55,144696,92],{"class":91},[55,144698,1558],{"class":95},[55,144700,99],{"class":91},[55,144702,144703],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144704,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,144706,144707,144709,144711,144713],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144708,106],{"class":105},[55,144710,109],{"class":91},[55,144712,273],{"class":95},[55,144714,342],{"class":91},[20,144716,357],{},[46,144718,144720],{"className":48,"code":144719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"alice\n",[15,144721,144722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144723,144724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144725,144719],{"class":61},[20,144727,20756,144728,144730,144731,144733],{},[15,144729,1480],{}," was called, ",[15,144732,273],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144735,144736],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[46,144738,144740],{"className":48,"code":144739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144741,144742,144754,144768,144772],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144743,144744,144746,144748,144750,144752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144745,254],{"class":61},[55,144747,66],{"class":65},[55,144749,70],{"class":69},[55,144751,17580],{"class":73},[55,144753,77],{"class":69},[55,144755,144756,144758,144760,144762,144764,144766],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144757,254],{"class":61},[55,144759,66],{"class":65},[55,144761,849],{"class":61},[55,144763,92],{"class":91},[55,144765,1558],{"class":95},[55,144767,99],{"class":91},[55,144769,144770],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144771,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,144773,144774,144776,144778,144780],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144775,106],{"class":105},[55,144777,109],{"class":91},[55,144779,273],{"class":95},[55,144781,342],{"class":91},[20,144783,357],{},[46,144785,144787],{"className":48,"code":144786,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ALICE\n",[15,144788,144789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144790,144791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144792,144786],{"class":375},[20,144794,144795],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[131,144797,144799],{"id":144798},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144801,144802,144804],{},[15,144803,1480],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,144806,144807,144810,144813,144816],{},[33,144808,144809],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,144811,144812],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,144814,144815],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,144817,144818],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144820,214],{},[46,144822,144824],{"className":48,"code":144823,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144825,144826,144839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144827,144828,144830,144832,144834,144837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144829,62],{"class":61},[55,144831,66],{"class":65},[55,144833,70],{"class":69},[55,144835,144836],{"class":73},"Room 7, table #3!",[55,144838,77],{"class":69},[55,144840,144841,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144842,106],{"class":105},[55,144844,109],{"class":91},[55,144846,352],{"class":95},[55,144848,92],{"class":91},[55,144850,1558],{"class":95},[55,144852,1087],{"class":91},[20,144854,357],{},[46,144856,144858],{"className":48,"code":144857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144859,144860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144861,144862,144865,144867,144869,144872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144863,144864],{"class":375},"ROOM",[55,144866,5779],{"class":1210},[55,144868,2764],{"class":91},[55,144870,144871],{"class":375}," TABLE",[55,144873,144874],{"class":118}," #3!\n",[20,144876,144877],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[131,144879,4744,144881],{"id":144880},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144882,1480],{},[20,144884,144885,144887],{},[15,144886,1480],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144889,48110],{},[30,144891,144892,144895,144898],{},[33,144893,144894],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,144896,144897],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,144899,144900],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144902,144903],{},"Example: simple comparison",[46,144905,144907],{"className":48,"code":144906,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144908,144909,144921,144925,144947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144910,144911,144913,144915,144917,144919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144912,469],{"class":61},[55,144914,66],{"class":65},[55,144916,70],{"class":69},[55,144918,506],{"class":73},[55,144920,77],{"class":69},[55,144922,144923],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,144924,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,144926,144927,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937,144939,144941,144943,144945],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,144928,488],{"class":487},[55,144930,491],{"class":61},[55,144932,92],{"class":91},[55,144934,1558],{"class":95},[55,144936,498],{"class":91},[55,144938,501],{"class":65},[55,144940,70],{"class":69},[55,144942,476],{"class":73},[55,144944,228],{"class":69},[55,144946,511],{"class":91},[55,144948,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,144950,516],{"class":105},[55,144952,109],{"class":91},[55,144954,228],{"class":69},[55,144956,143386],{"class":73},[55,144958,228],{"class":69},[55,144960,342],{"class":91},[20,144962,357],{},[46,144964,144965],{"className":48,"code":143395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,144966,144967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144968,144969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144970,143395],{"class":61},[20,144972,144973,144974,1963,144976,1967,144978,92],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144975,506],{},[15,144977,1310],{},[15,144979,476],{},[131,144981,1001],{"id":1000},[1003,144983,95657],{"id":95656},[20,144985,7900,144986,144989],{},[15,144987,144988],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144991,1017],{},[46,144993,144995],{"className":48,"code":144994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144996,144997,145009,145019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005,145007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145000,62],{"class":61},[55,145002,66],{"class":65},[55,145004,70],{"class":69},[55,145006,3624],{"class":73},[55,145008,77],{"class":69},[55,145010,145011,145013,145015,145017],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145012,352],{"class":61},[55,145014,92],{"class":91},[55,145016,1558],{"class":95},[55,145018,99],{"class":91},[55,145020,145021,145023,145025,145027],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,145022,106],{"class":105},[55,145024,109],{"class":91},[55,145026,352],{"class":95},[55,145028,342],{"class":91},[20,145030,357],{},[46,145032,145033],{"className":48,"code":138254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145034,145035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145036,145037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145038,138254],{"class":61},[20,145040,1055],{},[46,145042,145044],{"className":48,"code":145043,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145045,145046,145058,145072],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145047,145048,145050,145052,145054,145056],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145049,62],{"class":61},[55,145051,66],{"class":65},[55,145053,70],{"class":69},[55,145055,3624],{"class":73},[55,145057,77],{"class":69},[55,145059,145060,145062,145064,145066,145068,145070],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145061,62],{"class":61},[55,145063,66],{"class":65},[55,145065,88],{"class":61},[55,145067,92],{"class":91},[55,145069,1558],{"class":95},[55,145071,99],{"class":91},[55,145073,145074,145076,145078,145080],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,145075,106],{"class":105},[55,145077,109],{"class":91},[55,145079,352],{"class":95},[55,145081,342],{"class":91},[20,145083,357],{},[46,145085,145087],{"className":48,"code":145086,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HELLO\n",[15,145088,145089],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145090,145091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145092,145086],{"class":375},[1003,145094,18685,145096,1188],{"id":145095},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145097,1480],{},[20,145099,145100,145102],{},[15,145101,1480],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145104,214],{},[46,145106,145108],{"className":48,"code":145107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145109,145110,145118],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145111,145112,145114,145116],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145113,1205],{"class":61},[55,145115,66],{"class":65},[55,145117,1211],{"class":1210},[55,145119,145120,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145121,106],{"class":105},[55,145123,109],{"class":91},[55,145125,1220],{"class":95},[55,145127,92],{"class":91},[55,145129,1558],{"class":95},[55,145131,1087],{"class":91},[20,145133,39426,145134,145136,145137,1232],{},[15,145135,1962],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145138,1480],{},[20,145140,145141],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[46,145143,145145],{"className":48,"code":145144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145146,145147,145155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145148,145149,145151,145153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145150,1205],{"class":61},[55,145152,66],{"class":65},[55,145154,1211],{"class":1210},[55,145156,145157,145159,145161,145163,145165,145167,145169,145171],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145158,106],{"class":105},[55,145160,109],{"class":91},[55,145162,3220],{"class":1265},[55,145164,109],{"class":91},[55,145166,1220],{"class":95},[55,145168,8414],{"class":91},[55,145170,1558],{"class":95},[55,145172,1087],{"class":91},[20,145174,357],{},[46,145176,145178],{"className":48,"code":145177,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"123\n",[15,145179,145180],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145181,145182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145183,145177],{"class":1210},[1003,145185,36975,145187,145189],{"id":145186},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145188,1480],{}," with title case",[20,145191,145192,145194,145195,145198],{},[15,145193,1480],{}," makes ",[123,145196,145197],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[46,145200,145202],{"className":48,"code":145201,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145203,145204,145216],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145205,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145207,62],{"class":61},[55,145209,66],{"class":65},[55,145211,70],{"class":69},[55,145213,60179],{"class":73},[55,145215,77],{"class":69},[55,145217,145218,145220,145222,145224,145226,145228],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145219,106],{"class":105},[55,145221,109],{"class":91},[55,145223,352],{"class":95},[55,145225,92],{"class":91},[55,145227,1558],{"class":95},[55,145229,1087],{"class":91},[20,145231,357],{},[46,145233,145235],{"className":48,"code":145234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145236,145237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145238,145239,145241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145240,231],{"class":375},[55,145242,145243],{"class":375}," WORLD\n",[20,145245,145246,145247,145251,145252,145256],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[166,145248,145249],{"href":123844},[15,145250,17],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[166,145253,145254],{"href":1666},[15,145255,1669],{}," changes parts of a string.",[131,145258,145260],{"id":145259},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145262,145263,145264,539],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145265,1480],{},[30,145267,145268,145275,145282,145289],{},[33,145269,145270,145274],{},[166,145271,145272],{"href":123844},[15,145273,17],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145276,145277,145281],{},[166,145278,145279],{"href":818},[15,145280,821],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145283,145284,145288],{},[166,145285,145286],{"href":1666},[15,145287,1669],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145290,145291,1377,145293,145295],{},[15,145292,127478],{},[15,145294,126168],{}," for checks",[20,145297,214],{},[46,145299,145301],{"className":48,"code":145300,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145302,145303,145315,145319,145334,145350,145354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145304,145305,145307,145309,145311,145313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145306,62],{"class":61},[55,145308,66],{"class":65},[55,145310,70],{"class":69},[55,145312,143037],{"class":73},[55,145314,77],{"class":69},[55,145316,145317],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145318,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,145320,145321,145324,145326,145328,145330,145332],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,145322,145323],{"class":61},"cleaned ",[55,145325,66],{"class":65},[55,145327,88],{"class":61},[55,145329,92],{"class":91},[55,145331,854],{"class":95},[55,145333,99],{"class":91},[55,145335,145336,145339,145341,145344,145346,145348],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,145337,145338],{"class":61},"loud ",[55,145340,66],{"class":65},[55,145342,145343],{"class":61}," cleaned",[55,145345,92],{"class":91},[55,145347,1558],{"class":95},[55,145349,99],{"class":91},[55,145351,145352],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,145353,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,145355,145356,145358,145360,145363],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,145357,106],{"class":105},[55,145359,109],{"class":91},[55,145361,145362],{"class":95},"loud",[55,145364,342],{"class":91},[20,145366,357],{},[46,145368,145369],{"className":48,"code":145234,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145370,145371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145372,145373,145375],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145374,231],{"class":375},[55,145376,145243],{"class":375},[131,145378,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,145380,1581,145382,1584],{"id":145381},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145383,1480],{},[20,145385,145386],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1003,145388,1581,145390,1593],{"id":145389},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145391,1480],{},[20,145393,145394,145395,92],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145396,144988],{},[1003,145398,145400],{"id":145399},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145402,145403,145404,145406],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145405,1480],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1003,145408,1613,145410,145412],{"id":145409},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145411,1480],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145414,145415],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145417,214],{},[46,145419,145421],{"className":48,"code":145420,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145422,145423,145435,145448,145452],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145424,145425,145427,145429,145431,145433],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145426,2327],{"class":61},[55,145428,66],{"class":65},[55,145430,70],{"class":69},[55,145432,50],{"class":73},[55,145434,77],{"class":69},[55,145436,145437,145439,145441,145443,145446],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145438,2355],{"class":61},[55,145440,66],{"class":65},[55,145442,70],{"class":69},[55,145444,145445],{"class":73},"PYTHON",[55,145447,77],{"class":69},[55,145449,145450],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,145451,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,145453,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468,145470,145472,145474],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,145455,106],{"class":105},[55,145457,109],{"class":91},[55,145459,166],{"class":95},[55,145461,92],{"class":91},[55,145463,1558],{"class":95},[55,145465,498],{"class":91},[55,145467,501],{"class":65},[55,145469,2332],{"class":95},[55,145471,92],{"class":91},[55,145473,1558],{"class":95},[55,145475,1087],{"class":91},[20,145477,357],{},[46,145479,145480],{"className":48,"code":3760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145481,145482],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145483,145484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145485,3760],{"class":3631},[131,145487,1643],{"id":1642},[30,145489,145490,145494,145500,145506,145512,145516,145520],{},[33,145491,145492],{},[166,145493,124866],{"href":173},[33,145495,145496],{},[166,145497,1570,145498,1573],{"href":123844},[15,145499,17],{},[33,145501,145502],{},[166,145503,1570,145504,1573],{"href":818},[15,145505,821],{},[33,145507,145508],{},[166,145509,1570,145510,1573],{"href":1666},[15,145511,1669],{},[33,145513,145514],{},[166,145515,1681],{"href":1680},[33,145517,145518],{},[166,145519,1675],{"href":1674},[33,145521,145522],{},[166,145523,1694],{"href":168},[1696,145525,145526],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":145528},[145529,145530,145532,145533,145534,145536,145537,145539,145546,145547,145556],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":144452,"depth":80,"text":145531},"What upper() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":144662,"depth":80,"text":145535},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144798,"depth":80,"text":144799},{"id":144880,"depth":80,"text":145538},"When to use upper()",{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":145540},[145541,145542,145544],{"id":95656,"depth":102,"text":95657},{"id":145095,"depth":102,"text":145543},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145186,"depth":102,"text":145545},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145259,"depth":80,"text":145260},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":145548},[145549,145551,145553,145554],{"id":145381,"depth":102,"text":145550},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145389,"depth":102,"text":145552},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145399,"depth":102,"text":145400},{"id":145409,"depth":102,"text":145555},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144376,"description":145557},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145564,"title":145565,"body":145566,"description":147443,"extension":1733,"meta":147444,"navigation":248,"path":147445,"seo":147446,"stem":147447,"__hash__":147448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145567,"toc":147393},[145568,145574,145581,145587,145589,145645,145650,145655,145660,145663,145682,145685,145687,145711,145729,145740,145742,145745,145798,145800,145808,145810,145828,145833,145836,145893,145895,145904,145907,145927,145930,145936,145941,145943,145986,145988,145996,145999,146040,146042,146051,146057,146063,146090,146092,146100,146105,146109,146121,146164,146166,146174,146179,146185,146190,146194,146196,146239,146242,146289,146291,146300,146307,146311,146314,146360,146365,146369,146371,146414,146417,146425,146427,146432,146434,146436,146455,146458,146470,146472,146491,146493,146501,146505,146507,146558,146561,146636,146638,146646,146649,146653,146655,146702,146705,146776,146778,146786,146792,146794,146869,146873,146952,146954,146962,146968,146974,146979,146984,147033,147037,147108,147111,147116,147127,147130,147141,147151,147153,147158,147183,147188,147269,147271,147296,147298,147303,147306,147312,147321,147327,147330,147336,147342,147349,147352,147354,147390],[10,145569,1686,145571,3355],{"id":145570},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145572,145573],{},"sum()",[20,145575,8902,145576,145578,145579,24538],{},[15,145577,145573],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145580,59771],{},[20,145582,145583,145584,145586],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145585,35842],{}," value and a few important limits.",[131,145588,1775],{"id":1774},[46,145590,145592],{"className":48,"code":145591,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145593,145594,145618,145633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145595,145596,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610,145612,145614,145616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145597,3395],{"class":61},[55,145599,66],{"class":65},[55,145601,3400],{"class":91},[55,145603,2761],{"class":1210},[55,145605,2764],{"class":91},[55,145607,2767],{"class":1210},[55,145609,2764],{"class":91},[55,145611,2223],{"class":1210},[55,145613,2764],{"class":91},[55,145615,2229],{"class":1210},[55,145617,3413],{"class":91},[55,145619,145620,145622,145624,145627,145629,145631],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145621,40956],{"class":61},[55,145623,66],{"class":65},[55,145625,145626],{"class":105}," sum",[55,145628,109],{"class":91},[55,145630,3427],{"class":95},[55,145632,342],{"class":91},[55,145634,145635,145637,145639,145641,145643],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,145636,106],{"class":105},[55,145638,109],{"class":91},[55,145640,40985],{"class":95},[55,145642,115],{"class":91},[55,145644,26568],{"class":118},[20,145646,1866,145647,145649],{},[15,145648,145573],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[131,145651,134,145653,137],{"id":145652},"what-sum-does",[15,145654,145573],{},[20,145656,145657,145659],{},[15,145658,145573],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145661,145662],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,145664,145665,145668,145671,145676],{},[33,145666,145667],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,145669,145670],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,145672,145673,145674],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145675,35968],{},[33,145677,145678,145679,145681],{},"Counting ",[15,145680,3380],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145683,145684],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[131,145686,178],{"id":177},[46,145688,145690],{"className":48,"code":145689,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145691,145692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145693,145694,145697,145699,145701,145703,145705,145707,145709],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145695,145696],{"class":105},"sum",[55,145698,109],{"class":91},[55,145700,3498],{"class":95},[55,145702,2764],{"class":91},[55,145704,35821],{"class":8955},[55,145706,66],{"class":65},[55,145708,1894],{"class":1210},[55,145710,342],{"class":91},[30,145712,145713,145718,145723],{},[33,145714,145715,145717],{},[15,145716,3498],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,145719,145720,145722],{},[15,145721,35842],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,145724,145725,145726],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145727,145728],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145730,145731,145732,145735,145736,92],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145733,145734,3498],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[166,145737,145738,24392],{"href":35965},[15,145739,35968],{},[131,145741,286],{"id":285},[20,145743,145744],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[46,145746,145748],{"className":48,"code":145747,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145749,145750,145770,145784,145788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145751,145752,145754,145756,145758,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145753,3395],{"class":61},[55,145755,66],{"class":65},[55,145757,3400],{"class":91},[55,145759,1911],{"class":1210},[55,145761,2764],{"class":91},[55,145763,5790],{"class":1210},[55,145765,2764],{"class":91},[55,145767,37708],{"class":1210},[55,145769,3413],{"class":91},[55,145771,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145773,40956],{"class":61},[55,145775,66],{"class":65},[55,145777,145626],{"class":105},[55,145779,109],{"class":91},[55,145781,3427],{"class":95},[55,145783,342],{"class":91},[55,145785,145786],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,145787,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,145789,145790,145792,145794,145796],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,145791,106],{"class":105},[55,145793,109],{"class":91},[55,145795,40985],{"class":95},[55,145797,342],{"class":91},[20,145799,357],{},[46,145801,145802],{"className":48,"code":69613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145803,145804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145805,145806],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145807,69613],{"class":1210},[20,145809,11463],{},[30,145811,145812,145817,145823],{},[33,145813,145814,145816],{},[15,145815,3427],{}," contains three integers",[33,145818,145819,145822],{},[15,145820,145821],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,145824,145825,145826],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145827,40985],{},[131,145829,36383,145831,8215],{"id":145830},"using-the-start-value",[15,145832,35842],{},[20,145834,145835],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[46,145837,145839],{"className":48,"code":145838,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145840,145841,145861,145879,145883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145842,145843,145845,145847,145849,145851,145853,145855,145857,145859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145844,3395],{"class":61},[55,145846,66],{"class":65},[55,145848,3400],{"class":91},[55,145850,2761],{"class":1210},[55,145852,2764],{"class":91},[55,145854,2767],{"class":1210},[55,145856,2764],{"class":91},[55,145858,2223],{"class":1210},[55,145860,3413],{"class":91},[55,145862,145863,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145864,40956],{"class":61},[55,145866,66],{"class":65},[55,145868,145626],{"class":105},[55,145870,109],{"class":91},[55,145872,3427],{"class":95},[55,145874,2764],{"class":91},[55,145876,5790],{"class":1210},[55,145878,342],{"class":91},[55,145880,145881],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,145882,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,145884,145885,145887,145889,145891],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,145886,106],{"class":105},[55,145888,109],{"class":91},[55,145890,40985],{"class":95},[55,145892,342],{"class":91},[20,145894,357],{},[46,145896,145898],{"className":48,"code":145897,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"16\n",[15,145899,145900],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145901,145902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145903,145897],{"class":1210},[20,145905,145906],{},"This works like:",[30,145908,145909,145914,145919,145923],{},[33,145910,145911,145912],{},"Start at ",[15,145913,2101],{},[33,145915,145916,145917],{},"Add ",[15,145918,2761],{},[33,145920,145916,145921],{},[15,145922,1829],{},[33,145924,145916,145925],{},[15,145926,1835],{},[20,145928,145929],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[131,145931,134,145933,145935],{"id":145932},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145934,145573],{}," can work with",[20,145937,145938,145940],{},[15,145939,145573],{}," works with numeric values.",[1003,145942,40198],{"id":40197},[46,145944,145946],{"className":48,"code":145945,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145947,145948,145972],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145949,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145951,3601],{"class":61},[55,145953,66],{"class":65},[55,145955,3400],{"class":91},[55,145957,2761],{"class":1210},[55,145959,2764],{"class":91},[55,145961,2767],{"class":1210},[55,145963,2764],{"class":91},[55,145965,2223],{"class":1210},[55,145967,2764],{"class":91},[55,145969,2229],{"class":1210},[55,145971,3413],{"class":91},[55,145973,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,145975,106],{"class":105},[55,145977,109],{"class":91},[55,145979,145696],{"class":105},[55,145981,109],{"class":91},[55,145983,5142],{"class":95},[55,145985,1273],{"class":91},[20,145987,357],{},[46,145989,145990],{"className":48,"code":2147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,145991,145992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145993,145994],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145995,2147],{"class":1210},[1003,145997,145998],{"id":51816},"Floats",[46,146000,146002],{"className":48,"code":146001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146003,146004,146026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146005,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146019,146021,146024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146007,82821],{"class":61},[55,146009,66],{"class":65},[55,146011,3400],{"class":91},[55,146013,40932],{"class":1210},[55,146015,2764],{"class":91},[55,146017,146018],{"class":1210}," 3.75",[55,146020,2764],{"class":91},[55,146022,146023],{"class":1210}," 1.25",[55,146025,3413],{"class":91},[55,146027,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146029,106],{"class":105},[55,146031,109],{"class":91},[55,146033,145696],{"class":105},[55,146035,109],{"class":91},[55,146037,82857],{"class":95},[55,146039,1273],{"class":91},[20,146041,357],{},[46,146043,146045],{"className":48,"code":146044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.5\n",[15,146046,146047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146048,146049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146050,146044],{"class":1210},[20,146052,146053,146054,92],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[166,146055,146056],{"href":2190},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1003,146058,146060,146061],{"id":146059},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146062,35968],{},[46,146064,146066],{"className":48,"code":146065,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146067,146068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146069,146070,146072,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146071,106],{"class":105},[55,146073,109],{"class":91},[55,146075,145696],{"class":105},[55,146077,109],{"class":91},[55,146079,59771],{"class":105},[55,146081,109],{"class":91},[55,146083,2761],{"class":1210},[55,146085,2764],{"class":91},[55,146087,37415],{"class":1210},[55,146089,2685],{"class":91},[20,146091,357],{},[46,146093,146094],{"className":48,"code":46811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146095,146096],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146097,146098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146099,46811],{"class":1210},[20,146101,113325,146102,92],{},[15,146103,146104],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1003,146106,146108],{"id":146107},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146110,146111,146112,146114,146115,1377,146117,146114,146119,92],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146113,3380],{}," acts like ",[15,146116,2761],{},[15,146118,3452],{},[15,146120,1894],{},[46,146122,146124],{"className":48,"code":146123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146125,146126,146150],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146127,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146129,51736],{"class":61},[55,146131,66],{"class":65},[55,146133,3400],{"class":91},[55,146135,3380],{"class":3631},[55,146137,2764],{"class":91},[55,146139,3687],{"class":3631},[55,146141,2764],{"class":91},[55,146143,3696],{"class":3631},[55,146145,2764],{"class":91},[55,146147,3696],{"class":3631},[55,146149,3413],{"class":91},[55,146151,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146153,106],{"class":105},[55,146155,109],{"class":91},[55,146157,145696],{"class":105},[55,146159,109],{"class":91},[55,146161,51789],{"class":95},[55,146163,1273],{"class":91},[20,146165,357],{},[46,146167,146168],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146169,146170],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146171,146172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146173,46387],{"class":1210},[20,146175,146176,146177,92],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146178,3380],{},[131,146180,134,146182,146184],{"id":146181},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146183,145573],{}," does not work with",[20,146186,146187,146189],{},[15,146188,145573],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1003,146191,146193],{"id":146192},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146195,2609],{},[46,146197,146199],{"className":48,"code":146198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146200,146201,146225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146202,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146204,3851],{"class":61},[55,146206,66],{"class":65},[55,146208,3400],{"class":91},[55,146210,228],{"class":69},[55,146212,3624],{"class":73},[55,146214,228],{"class":69},[55,146216,2764],{"class":91},[55,146218,70],{"class":69},[55,146220,60364],{"class":73},[55,146222,228],{"class":69},[55,146224,3413],{"class":91},[55,146226,146227,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146228,106],{"class":105},[55,146230,109],{"class":91},[55,146232,145696],{"class":105},[55,146234,109],{"class":91},[55,146236,3895],{"class":95},[55,146238,1273],{"class":91},[20,146240,146241],{},"Use string joining instead:",[46,146243,146245],{"className":48,"code":146244,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146246,146247,146271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146248,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146250,3851],{"class":61},[55,146252,66],{"class":65},[55,146254,3400],{"class":91},[55,146256,228],{"class":69},[55,146258,3624],{"class":73},[55,146260,228],{"class":69},[55,146262,2764],{"class":91},[55,146264,70],{"class":69},[55,146266,60364],{"class":73},[55,146268,228],{"class":69},[55,146270,3413],{"class":91},[55,146272,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146274,106],{"class":105},[55,146276,109],{"class":91},[55,146278,6058],{"class":69},[55,146280,92],{"class":91},[55,146282,133265],{"class":95},[55,146284,109],{"class":91},[55,146286,3895],{"class":95},[55,146288,1273],{"class":91},[20,146290,357],{},[46,146292,146294],{"className":48,"code":146293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"helloworld\n",[15,146295,146296],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146297,146298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146299,146293],{"class":61},[20,146301,146302,146303,92],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[166,146304,146305,5568],{"href":41948},[15,146306,47454],{},[1003,146308,146310],{"id":146309},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146312,146313],{},"This also causes an error:",[46,146315,146317],{"className":48,"code":146316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146318,146319,146346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146320,146321,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146322,146323],{"class":61},"lists ",[55,146325,66],{"class":65},[55,146327,56065],{"class":91},[55,146329,2761],{"class":1210},[55,146331,2764],{"class":91},[55,146333,2767],{"class":1210},[55,146335,17839],{"class":91},[55,146337,3400],{"class":91},[55,146339,1835],{"class":1210},[55,146341,2764],{"class":91},[55,146343,2229],{"class":1210},[55,146345,53013],{"class":91},[55,146347,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146349,106],{"class":105},[55,146351,109],{"class":91},[55,146353,145696],{"class":105},[55,146355,109],{"class":91},[55,146357,5083],{"class":95},[55,146359,1273],{"class":91},[20,146361,146362,146364],{},[15,146363,145573],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1003,146366,146368],{"id":146367},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146370,5256],{},[46,146372,146374],{"className":48,"code":146373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146375,146376,146400],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146377,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146379,3601],{"class":61},[55,146381,66],{"class":65},[55,146383,3400],{"class":91},[55,146385,2761],{"class":1210},[55,146387,2764],{"class":91},[55,146389,2767],{"class":1210},[55,146391,2764],{"class":91},[55,146393,70],{"class":69},[55,146395,1835],{"class":73},[55,146397,228],{"class":69},[55,146399,3413],{"class":91},[55,146401,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146403,106],{"class":105},[55,146405,109],{"class":91},[55,146407,145696],{"class":105},[55,146409,109],{"class":91},[55,146411,5142],{"class":95},[55,146413,1273],{"class":91},[20,146415,146416],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146418,146419,146420,146422,146423,92],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146421,65718],{},", convert them first. See ",[166,146424,2735],{"href":2734},[131,146426,41278],{"id":41277},[20,146428,146429,146430,92],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146431,145573],{},[1003,146433,6310],{"id":6309},[20,146435,4308],{},[46,146437,146439],{"className":48,"code":146438,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146440,146441],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146442,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146444,106],{"class":105},[55,146446,109],{"class":91},[55,146448,145696],{"class":105},[55,146450,109],{"class":91},[55,146452,1911],{"class":1210},[55,146454,1273],{"class":91},[20,146456,146457],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146459,146460,146465],{},[33,146461,146462,146464],{},[15,146463,1911],{}," is a single integer",[33,146466,146467,146469],{},[15,146468,145573],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146471,6340],{},[46,146473,146475],{"className":48,"code":146474,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146476,146477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146478,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146480,106],{"class":105},[55,146482,109],{"class":91},[55,146484,145696],{"class":105},[55,146486,2758],{"class":91},[55,146488,1911],{"class":1210},[55,146490,2774],{"class":91},[20,146492,357],{},[46,146494,146495],{"className":48,"code":2720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146496,146497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146498,146499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146500,2720],{"class":1210},[1003,146502,146504],{"id":146503},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146506,4308],{},[46,146508,146510],{"className":48,"code":146509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146511,146512,146544],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146513,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540,146542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146515,3601],{"class":61},[55,146517,66],{"class":65},[55,146519,3400],{"class":91},[55,146521,228],{"class":69},[55,146523,2761],{"class":73},[55,146525,228],{"class":69},[55,146527,2764],{"class":91},[55,146529,70],{"class":69},[55,146531,1829],{"class":73},[55,146533,228],{"class":69},[55,146535,2764],{"class":91},[55,146537,70],{"class":69},[55,146539,1835],{"class":73},[55,146541,228],{"class":69},[55,146543,3413],{"class":91},[55,146545,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146547,106],{"class":105},[55,146549,109],{"class":91},[55,146551,145696],{"class":105},[55,146553,109],{"class":91},[55,146555,5142],{"class":95},[55,146557,1273],{"class":91},[20,146559,146560],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[46,146562,146564],{"className":48,"code":146563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146565,146566,146598,146626],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146567,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146569,3601],{"class":61},[55,146571,66],{"class":65},[55,146573,3400],{"class":91},[55,146575,228],{"class":69},[55,146577,2761],{"class":73},[55,146579,228],{"class":69},[55,146581,2764],{"class":91},[55,146583,70],{"class":69},[55,146585,1829],{"class":73},[55,146587,228],{"class":69},[55,146589,2764],{"class":91},[55,146591,70],{"class":69},[55,146593,1835],{"class":73},[55,146595,228],{"class":69},[55,146597,3413],{"class":91},[55,146599,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146601,40956],{"class":61},[55,146603,66],{"class":65},[55,146605,145626],{"class":105},[55,146607,109],{"class":91},[55,146609,1962],{"class":1265},[55,146611,109],{"class":91},[55,146613,1947],{"class":95},[55,146615,115],{"class":91},[55,146617,3656],{"class":487},[55,146619,3659],{"class":95},[55,146621,3662],{"class":487},[55,146623,3665],{"class":95},[55,146625,342],{"class":91},[55,146627,146628,146630,146632,146634],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,146629,106],{"class":105},[55,146631,109],{"class":91},[55,146633,40985],{"class":95},[55,146635,342],{"class":91},[20,146637,357],{},[46,146639,146640],{"className":48,"code":2428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146641,146642],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146643,146644],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146645,2428],{"class":1210},[20,146647,146648],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1003,146650,146652],{"id":146651},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146654,4308],{},[46,146656,146658],{"className":48,"code":146657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146659,146660,146688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146661,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146663,3601],{"class":61},[55,146665,66],{"class":65},[55,146667,3400],{"class":91},[55,146669,2761],{"class":1210},[55,146671,2764],{"class":91},[55,146673,2767],{"class":1210},[55,146675,2764],{"class":91},[55,146677,70],{"class":69},[55,146679,1835],{"class":73},[55,146681,228],{"class":69},[55,146683,2764],{"class":91},[55,146685,2229],{"class":1210},[55,146687,3413],{"class":91},[55,146689,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146691,106],{"class":105},[55,146693,109],{"class":91},[55,146695,145696],{"class":105},[55,146697,109],{"class":91},[55,146699,5142],{"class":95},[55,146701,1273],{"class":91},[20,146703,146704],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[46,146706,146708],{"className":48,"code":146707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146709,146710,146738,146766],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146711,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146713,3601],{"class":61},[55,146715,66],{"class":65},[55,146717,3400],{"class":91},[55,146719,2761],{"class":1210},[55,146721,2764],{"class":91},[55,146723,2767],{"class":1210},[55,146725,2764],{"class":91},[55,146727,70],{"class":69},[55,146729,1835],{"class":73},[55,146731,228],{"class":69},[55,146733,2764],{"class":91},[55,146735,2229],{"class":1210},[55,146737,3413],{"class":91},[55,146739,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146741,40956],{"class":61},[55,146743,66],{"class":65},[55,146745,145626],{"class":105},[55,146747,109],{"class":91},[55,146749,1962],{"class":1265},[55,146751,109],{"class":91},[55,146753,1947],{"class":95},[55,146755,115],{"class":91},[55,146757,3656],{"class":487},[55,146759,3659],{"class":95},[55,146761,3662],{"class":487},[55,146763,3665],{"class":95},[55,146765,342],{"class":91},[55,146767,146768,146770,146772,146774],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,146769,106],{"class":105},[55,146771,109],{"class":91},[55,146773,40985],{"class":95},[55,146775,342],{"class":91},[20,146777,357],{},[46,146779,146780],{"className":48,"code":2147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146781,146782],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146783,146784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146785,2147],{"class":1210},[1003,146787,1185,146789,146791],{"id":146788},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146790,145573],{}," to join text",[20,146793,4308],{},[46,146795,146797],{"className":48,"code":146796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146798,146799,146855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146800,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146802,35860],{"class":61},[55,146804,66],{"class":65},[55,146806,3400],{"class":91},[55,146808,228],{"class":69},[55,146810,133864],{"class":73},[55,146812,228],{"class":69},[55,146814,2764],{"class":91},[55,146816,70],{"class":69},[55,146818,11525],{"class":73},[55,146820,228],{"class":69},[55,146822,2764],{"class":91},[55,146824,70],{"class":69},[55,146826,63059],{"class":73},[55,146828,228],{"class":69},[55,146830,2764],{"class":91},[55,146832,70],{"class":69},[55,146834,60211],{"class":73},[55,146836,228],{"class":69},[55,146838,2764],{"class":91},[55,146840,70],{"class":69},[55,146842,60246],{"class":73},[55,146844,228],{"class":69},[55,146846,2764],{"class":91},[55,146848,70],{"class":69},[55,146850,75803],{"class":73},[55,146852,228],{"class":69},[55,146854,3413],{"class":91},[55,146856,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146858,106],{"class":105},[55,146860,109],{"class":91},[55,146862,145696],{"class":105},[55,146864,109],{"class":91},[55,146866,35913],{"class":95},[55,146868,1273],{"class":91},[20,146870,1866,146871,60305],{},[15,146872,133188],{},[46,146874,146876],{"className":48,"code":146875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146877,146878,146934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146879,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146881,35860],{"class":61},[55,146883,66],{"class":65},[55,146885,3400],{"class":91},[55,146887,228],{"class":69},[55,146889,133864],{"class":73},[55,146891,228],{"class":69},[55,146893,2764],{"class":91},[55,146895,70],{"class":69},[55,146897,11525],{"class":73},[55,146899,228],{"class":69},[55,146901,2764],{"class":91},[55,146903,70],{"class":69},[55,146905,63059],{"class":73},[55,146907,228],{"class":69},[55,146909,2764],{"class":91},[55,146911,70],{"class":69},[55,146913,60211],{"class":73},[55,146915,228],{"class":69},[55,146917,2764],{"class":91},[55,146919,70],{"class":69},[55,146921,60246],{"class":73},[55,146923,228],{"class":69},[55,146925,2764],{"class":91},[55,146927,70],{"class":69},[55,146929,75803],{"class":73},[55,146931,228],{"class":69},[55,146933,3413],{"class":91},[55,146935,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,146937,106],{"class":105},[55,146939,109],{"class":91},[55,146941,6058],{"class":69},[55,146943,92],{"class":91},[55,146945,133265],{"class":95},[55,146947,109],{"class":91},[55,146949,35913],{"class":95},[55,146951,1273],{"class":91},[20,146953,357],{},[46,146955,146956],{"className":48,"code":133945,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,146957,146958],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146959,146960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146961,133945],{"class":61},[20,146963,146964,146965,92],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[166,146966,146967],{"href":135025},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[131,146969,146971,146973],{"id":146970},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146972,145573],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146975,146976,146978],{},[15,146977,145573],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1003,146980,1185,146982],{"id":146981},"using-sum",[15,146983,145573],{},[46,146985,146987],{"className":48,"code":146986,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146988,146989,147009,147023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146990,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146992,3395],{"class":61},[55,146994,66],{"class":65},[55,146996,3400],{"class":91},[55,146998,2277],{"class":1210},[55,147000,2764],{"class":91},[55,147002,5779],{"class":1210},[55,147004,2764],{"class":91},[55,147006,53907],{"class":1210},[55,147008,3413],{"class":91},[55,147010,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,147012,40956],{"class":61},[55,147014,66],{"class":65},[55,147016,145626],{"class":105},[55,147018,109],{"class":91},[55,147020,3427],{"class":95},[55,147022,342],{"class":91},[55,147024,147025,147027,147029,147031],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,147026,106],{"class":105},[55,147028,109],{"class":91},[55,147030,40985],{"class":95},[55,147032,342],{"class":91},[1003,147034,147036],{"id":147035},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[46,147038,147040],{"className":48,"code":147039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147041,147042,147062,147070,147074,147086,147094,147098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147043,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147045,3395],{"class":61},[55,147047,66],{"class":65},[55,147049,3400],{"class":91},[55,147051,2277],{"class":1210},[55,147053,2764],{"class":91},[55,147055,5779],{"class":1210},[55,147057,2764],{"class":91},[55,147059,53907],{"class":1210},[55,147061,3413],{"class":91},[55,147063,147064,147066,147068],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,147065,40956],{"class":61},[55,147067,66],{"class":65},[55,147069,38285],{"class":1210},[55,147071,147072],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,147073,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,147075,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,147077,5743],{"class":487},[55,147079,6173],{"class":61},[55,147081,3662],{"class":487},[55,147083,4045],{"class":61},[55,147085,511],{"class":91},[55,147087,147088,147090,147092],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,147089,89876],{"class":61},[55,147091,89879],{"class":65},[55,147093,89882],{"class":61},[55,147095,147096],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,147097,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,147099,147100,147102,147104,147106],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,147101,106],{"class":105},[55,147103,109],{"class":91},[55,147105,40985],{"class":95},[55,147107,342],{"class":91},[20,147109,147110],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147112,2261,147113,147115],{},[15,147114,145573],{}," is often better:",[30,147117,147118,147121,147124],{},[33,147119,147120],{},"Shorter code",[33,147122,147123],{},"Easier to read",[33,147125,147126],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147128,147129],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147131,147132,147135,147138],{},[33,147133,147134],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147136,147137],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147139,147140],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147142,147143,147144,147147,147148,147150],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[166,147145,147146],{"href":39781},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147149,145573],{}," on the filtered result.",[131,147152,1001],{"id":1000},[20,147154,147155,147156,539],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147157,145573],{},[30,147159,147160,147166,147173,147180],{},[33,147161,147162,147163],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147164,147165],{},"sum(5)",[33,147167,147168,147169,147172],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147170,147171],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147174,1185,147175,147177,147178],{},[15,147176,145573],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147179,133188],{},[33,147181,147182],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147184,8654,147185,147187],{},[15,147186,145573],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[46,147189,147191],{"className":48,"code":147190,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147192,147193,147203,147217,147241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147194,147195,147197,147199,147201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147196,106],{"class":105},[55,147198,109],{"class":91},[55,147200,5142],{"class":95},[55,147202,342],{"class":91},[55,147204,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,147206,106],{"class":105},[55,147208,109],{"class":91},[55,147210,1266],{"class":1265},[55,147212,109],{"class":91},[55,147214,5142],{"class":95},[55,147216,1273],{"class":91},[55,147218,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,147220,106],{"class":105},[55,147222,2758],{"class":91},[55,147224,1266],{"class":1265},[55,147226,109],{"class":91},[55,147228,1947],{"class":95},[55,147230,115],{"class":91},[55,147232,3656],{"class":487},[55,147234,3659],{"class":95},[55,147236,3662],{"class":487},[55,147238,3665],{"class":95},[55,147240,3668],{"class":91},[55,147242,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,147244,106],{"class":105},[55,147246,109],{"class":91},[55,147248,145696],{"class":105},[55,147250,2758],{"class":91},[55,147252,1962],{"class":1265},[55,147254,109],{"class":91},[55,147256,1947],{"class":95},[55,147258,115],{"class":91},[55,147260,3656],{"class":487},[55,147262,3659],{"class":95},[55,147264,3662],{"class":487},[55,147266,3665],{"class":95},[55,147268,2774],{"class":91},[20,147270,135758],{},[30,147272,147273,147279,147285,147290],{},[33,147274,147275,147278],{},[15,147276,147277],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147280,147281,147284],{},[15,147282,147283],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147286,147287,135780],{},[15,147288,147289],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147291,147292,147295],{},[15,147293,147294],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[131,147297,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,147299,1603,147301,4928],{"id":147300},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147302,145573],{},[20,147304,147305],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1003,147307,4953,147309,147311],{"id":147308},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147310,145573],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147313,30042,147314,2651,147317,147320],{},[15,147315,147316],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147318,147319],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1003,147322,4953,147324,147326],{"id":147323},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147325,145573],{}," work with floats?",[20,147328,147329],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1003,147331,147333,147334,1631],{"id":147332},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147335,145573],{},[20,147337,147338,147339,147341],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147340,35842],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1003,147343,4941,147345,119159,147347,1631],{"id":147344},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147346,145573],{},[15,147348,2780],{},[20,147350,147351],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[131,147353,1643],{"id":1642},[30,147355,147356,147360,147366,147372,147378,147382,147386],{},[33,147357,147358],{},[166,147359,146056],{"href":2190},[33,147361,147362],{},[166,147363,1686,147364,1689],{"href":35965},[15,147365,35968],{},[33,147367,147368],{},[166,147369,1686,147370,1689],{"href":42131},[15,147371,42134],{},[33,147373,147374],{},[166,147375,1686,147376,1689],{"href":41948},[15,147377,47454],{},[33,147379,147380],{},[166,147381,5004],{"href":39781},[33,147383,147384],{},[166,147385,3302],{"href":2734},[33,147387,147388],{},[166,147389,146967],{"href":135025},[1696,147391,147392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":147394},[147395,147396,147398,147399,147400,147402,147410,147416,147423,147429,147430,147442],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":145652,"depth":80,"text":147397},"What sum() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":145830,"depth":80,"text":147401},"Using the start value",{"id":145932,"depth":80,"text":147403,"children":147404},"What sum() can work with",[147405,147406,147407,147409],{"id":40197,"depth":102,"text":40198},{"id":51816,"depth":102,"text":145998},{"id":146059,"depth":102,"text":147408},"Values from range()",{"id":146107,"depth":102,"text":146108},{"id":146181,"depth":80,"text":147411,"children":147412},"What sum() does not work with",[147413,147414,147415],{"id":146192,"depth":102,"text":146193},{"id":146309,"depth":102,"text":146310},{"id":146367,"depth":102,"text":146368},{"id":41277,"depth":80,"text":41278,"children":147417},[147418,147419,147420,147421],{"id":6309,"depth":102,"text":6310},{"id":146503,"depth":102,"text":146504},{"id":146651,"depth":102,"text":146652},{"id":146788,"depth":102,"text":147422},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146970,"depth":80,"text":147424,"children":147425},"sum() vs manual loop",[147426,147428],{"id":146981,"depth":102,"text":147427},"Using sum()",{"id":147035,"depth":102,"text":147036},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":147431},[147432,147434,147436,147438,147440],{"id":147300,"depth":102,"text":147433},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147308,"depth":102,"text":147435},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147323,"depth":102,"text":147437},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147332,"depth":102,"text":147439},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147344,"depth":102,"text":147441},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145565,"description":147443},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147450,"title":147451,"body":147452,"description":148854,"extension":1733,"meta":148855,"navigation":248,"path":148856,"seo":148857,"stem":148858,"__hash__":148859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147453,"toc":148822},[147454,147460,147466,147469,147532,147538,147543,147547,147564,147578,147582,147602,147616,147618,147711,147713,147727,147729,147732,147821,147823,147831,147840,147842,147846,147867,147869,147961,147963,147984,147986,147990,148004,148006,148080,148082,148101,148105,148108,148131,148133,148244,148251,148259,148261,148267,148270,148313,148316,148339,148347,148351,148426,148432,148457,148464,148467,148470,148474,148479,148567,148575,148579,148582,148607,148611,148672,148676,148725,148735,148737,148742,148745,148751,148754,148758,148762,148768,148771,148779,148787,148789,148819],[10,147455,147457,147458,18],{"id":147456},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147459,57062],{},[20,147461,147462,147465],{},[15,147463,147464],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147467,147468],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[46,147470,147472],{"className":48,"code":147471,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147473,147474,147502,147520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147475,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490,147492,147494,147496,147498,147500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147477,3395],{"class":61},[55,147479,66],{"class":65},[55,147481,9016],{"class":91},[55,147483,2761],{"class":1210},[55,147485,2764],{"class":91},[55,147487,2767],{"class":1210},[55,147489,2764],{"class":91},[55,147491,2767],{"class":1210},[55,147493,2764],{"class":91},[55,147495,2223],{"class":1210},[55,147497,2764],{"class":91},[55,147499,2767],{"class":1210},[55,147501,342],{"class":91},[55,147503,147504,147506,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,147505,83],{"class":61},[55,147507,66],{"class":65},[55,147509,4045],{"class":61},[55,147511,92],{"class":91},[55,147513,41033],{"class":95},[55,147515,109],{"class":91},[55,147517,1829],{"class":1210},[55,147519,342],{"class":91},[55,147521,147522,147524,147526,147528,147530],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,147523,106],{"class":105},[55,147525,109],{"class":91},[55,147527,112],{"class":95},[55,147529,115],{"class":91},[55,147531,50542],{"class":118},[20,147533,1866,147534,147537],{},[15,147535,147536],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[131,147539,134,147541,137],{"id":147540},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147542,147464],{},[20,147544,147545,539],{},[15,147546,147536],{},[30,147548,147549,147555,147558,147561],{},[33,147550,147551,147552,147554],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147553,2245],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147556,147557],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147559,147560],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147562,147563],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147565,147566,147567,147569,147570,2651,147574,92],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147568,57062],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[166,147571,147573],{"href":147572},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[166,147575,147577],{"href":147576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[131,147579,147581],{"id":147580},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[46,147583,147585],{"className":48,"code":147584,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147586,147587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147588,147589,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147590,147591],{"class":61},"my_tuple",[55,147593,92],{"class":91},[55,147595,41033],{"class":95},[55,147597,109],{"class":91},[55,147599,2245],{"class":95},[55,147601,342],{"class":91},[30,147603,147604,147608,147611],{},[33,147605,147606,57227],{},[15,147607,2245],{},[33,147609,147610],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147612,147613,147614],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147615,1894],{},[1003,147617,102874],{"id":102873},[46,147619,147621],{"className":48,"code":147620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147622,147623,147663,147687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147624,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147626,12855],{"class":61},[55,147628,66],{"class":65},[55,147630,9016],{"class":91},[55,147632,228],{"class":69},[55,147634,12872],{"class":73},[55,147636,228],{"class":69},[55,147638,2764],{"class":91},[55,147640,70],{"class":69},[55,147642,705],{"class":73},[55,147644,228],{"class":69},[55,147646,2764],{"class":91},[55,147648,70],{"class":69},[55,147650,12872],{"class":73},[55,147652,228],{"class":69},[55,147654,2764],{"class":91},[55,147656,70],{"class":69},[55,147658,17232],{"class":73},[55,147660,228],{"class":69},[55,147662,342],{"class":91},[55,147664,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,147666,106],{"class":105},[55,147668,109],{"class":91},[55,147670,17279],{"class":95},[55,147672,92],{"class":91},[55,147674,41033],{"class":95},[55,147676,109],{"class":91},[55,147678,228],{"class":69},[55,147680,12872],{"class":73},[55,147682,228],{"class":69},[55,147684,5145],{"class":91},[55,147686,57417],{"class":118},[55,147688,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,147690,106],{"class":105},[55,147692,109],{"class":91},[55,147694,17279],{"class":95},[55,147696,92],{"class":91},[55,147698,41033],{"class":95},[55,147700,109],{"class":91},[55,147702,228],{"class":69},[55,147704,22300],{"class":73},[55,147706,228],{"class":69},[55,147708,5145],{"class":91},[55,147710,51017],{"class":118},[20,147712,19735],{},[30,147714,147715,147720],{},[33,147716,147717,147719],{},[15,147718,65165],{}," appears 2 times",[33,147721,147722,147724,147725],{},[15,147723,109570],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147726,1894],{},[131,147728,286],{"id":285},[20,147730,147731],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[46,147733,147735],{"className":48,"code":147734,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147736,147737,147785,147789,147811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147738,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147740,36009],{"class":61},[55,147742,66],{"class":65},[55,147744,9016],{"class":91},[55,147746,228],{"class":69},[55,147748,3860],{"class":73},[55,147750,228],{"class":69},[55,147752,2764],{"class":91},[55,147754,70],{"class":69},[55,147756,3869],{"class":73},[55,147758,228],{"class":69},[55,147760,2764],{"class":91},[55,147762,70],{"class":69},[55,147764,3860],{"class":73},[55,147766,228],{"class":69},[55,147768,2764],{"class":91},[55,147770,70],{"class":69},[55,147772,32994],{"class":73},[55,147774,228],{"class":69},[55,147776,2764],{"class":91},[55,147778,70],{"class":69},[55,147780,3860],{"class":73},[55,147782,228],{"class":69},[55,147784,342],{"class":91},[55,147786,147787],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,147788,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,147790,147791,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,147792,83],{"class":61},[55,147794,66],{"class":65},[55,147796,52622],{"class":61},[55,147798,92],{"class":91},[55,147800,41033],{"class":95},[55,147802,109],{"class":91},[55,147804,228],{"class":69},[55,147806,3860],{"class":73},[55,147808,228],{"class":69},[55,147810,342],{"class":91},[55,147812,147813,147815,147817,147819],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,147814,106],{"class":105},[55,147816,109],{"class":91},[55,147818,112],{"class":95},[55,147820,342],{"class":91},[20,147822,357],{},[46,147824,147825],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,147826,147827],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147828,147829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147830,46387],{"class":1210},[20,147832,147833,147835,147836,2168,147838,92],{},[15,147834,57605],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147837,57062],{},[15,147839,1835],{},[131,147841,37792],{"id":37791},[20,147843,57316,147844,128497],{},[15,147845,57062],{},[30,147847,147848,147853,147858,147861],{},[33,147849,11204,147850,147852],{},[15,147851,1894],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,147854,11204,147855,147857],{},[15,147856,2761],{}," when the value appears once",[33,147859,147860],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,147862,147863,147864,147866],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147865,488],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147868,214],{},[46,147870,147872],{"className":48,"code":147871,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147873,147874,147915,147919,147946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147875,147876,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147877,147878],{"class":61},"answers ",[55,147880,66],{"class":65},[55,147882,9016],{"class":91},[55,147884,228],{"class":69},[55,147886,506],{"class":73},[55,147888,228],{"class":69},[55,147890,2764],{"class":91},[55,147892,70],{"class":69},[55,147894,8380],{"class":73},[55,147896,228],{"class":69},[55,147898,2764],{"class":91},[55,147900,70],{"class":69},[55,147902,506],{"class":73},[55,147904,228],{"class":69},[55,147906,2764],{"class":91},[55,147908,70],{"class":69},[55,147910,506],{"class":73},[55,147912,228],{"class":69},[55,147914,342],{"class":91},[55,147916,147917],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,147918,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,147920,147921,147923,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,147922,488],{"class":487},[55,147924,147925],{"class":61}," answers",[55,147927,92],{"class":91},[55,147929,41033],{"class":95},[55,147931,109],{"class":91},[55,147933,228],{"class":69},[55,147935,506],{"class":73},[55,147937,228],{"class":69},[55,147939,115],{"class":91},[55,147941,38168],{"class":65},[55,147943,5282],{"class":1210},[55,147945,511],{"class":91},[55,147947,147948,147950,147952,147954,147957,147959],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,147949,516],{"class":105},[55,147951,109],{"class":91},[55,147953,228],{"class":69},[55,147955,147956],{"class":73},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[55,147958,228],{"class":69},[55,147960,342],{"class":91},[20,147962,357],{},[46,147964,147966],{"className":48,"code":147965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147967,147968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147969,147970,147973,147975,147977,147979,147982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147971,147972],{"class":61},"The answer ",[55,147974,3077],{"class":69},[55,147976,506],{"class":73},[55,147978,3077],{"class":69},[55,147980,147981],{"class":61}," appears more than once",[55,147983,122153],{"class":91},[131,147985,40819],{"id":40818},[20,147987,35176,147988,104337],{},[15,147989,147464],{},[30,147991,147992,147995,147998,148001],{},[33,147993,147994],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,147996,147997],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,147999,148000],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148002,148003],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148005,214],{},[46,148007,148009],{"className":48,"code":148008,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148010,148011,148039,148043,148065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148012,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148014,4847],{"class":61},[55,148016,66],{"class":65},[55,148018,9016],{"class":91},[55,148020,2101],{"class":1210},[55,148022,2764],{"class":91},[55,148024,7574],{"class":1210},[55,148026,2764],{"class":91},[55,148028,5790],{"class":1210},[55,148030,2764],{"class":91},[55,148032,7579],{"class":1210},[55,148034,2764],{"class":91},[55,148036,5790],{"class":1210},[55,148038,342],{"class":91},[55,148040,148041],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148042,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,148044,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,148046,488],{"class":487},[55,148048,4894],{"class":61},[55,148050,92],{"class":91},[55,148052,41033],{"class":95},[55,148054,109],{"class":91},[55,148056,2101],{"class":1210},[55,148058,115],{"class":91},[55,148060,51058],{"class":65},[55,148062,2767],{"class":1210},[55,148064,511],{"class":91},[55,148066,148067,148069,148071,148073,148076,148078],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,148068,516],{"class":105},[55,148070,109],{"class":91},[55,148072,228],{"class":69},[55,148074,148075],{"class":73},"The score 10 is repeated.",[55,148077,228],{"class":69},[55,148079,342],{"class":91},[20,148081,357],{},[46,148083,148085],{"className":48,"code":148084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148086,148087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148088,148089,148092,148094,148096,148099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148090,148091],{"class":61},"The score ",[55,148093,2101],{"class":1210},[55,148095,7880],{"class":65},[55,148097,148098],{"class":61}," repeated",[55,148100,122153],{"class":91},[131,148102,148104],{"id":148103},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148106,148107],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148109,148110,148116,148121,148124],{},[33,148111,148112,148113,148115],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148114,57062],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148117,148118,148120],{},[15,148119,57062],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148122,148123],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148125,148126,1377,148128,148130],{},[15,148127,2761],{},[15,148129,41931],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148132,214],{},[46,148134,148136],{"className":48,"code":148135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148137,148138,148172,148176,148196,148220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148139,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148153,148155,148157,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148141,3601],{"class":61},[55,148143,66],{"class":65},[55,148145,9016],{"class":91},[55,148147,2761],{"class":1210},[55,148149,2764],{"class":91},[55,148151,148152],{"class":1210}," 1.0",[55,148154,2764],{"class":91},[55,148156,70],{"class":69},[55,148158,148159],{"class":73},"Cat",[55,148161,228],{"class":69},[55,148163,2764],{"class":91},[55,148165,70],{"class":69},[55,148167,36818],{"class":73},[55,148169,228],{"class":69},[55,148171,342],{"class":91},[55,148173,148174],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148175,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,148177,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,148179,106],{"class":105},[55,148181,109],{"class":91},[55,148183,5142],{"class":95},[55,148185,92],{"class":91},[55,148187,41033],{"class":95},[55,148189,109],{"class":91},[55,148191,2761],{"class":1210},[55,148193,5145],{"class":91},[55,148195,50864],{"class":118},[55,148197,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,148199,106],{"class":105},[55,148201,109],{"class":91},[55,148203,5142],{"class":95},[55,148205,92],{"class":91},[55,148207,41033],{"class":95},[55,148209,109],{"class":91},[55,148211,228],{"class":69},[55,148213,148159],{"class":73},[55,148215,228],{"class":69},[55,148217,5145],{"class":91},[55,148219,27552],{"class":118},[55,148221,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,148223,106],{"class":105},[55,148225,109],{"class":91},[55,148227,5142],{"class":95},[55,148229,92],{"class":91},[55,148231,41033],{"class":95},[55,148233,109],{"class":91},[55,148235,228],{"class":69},[55,148237,36818],{"class":73},[55,148239,228],{"class":69},[55,148241,5145],{"class":91},[55,148243,27552],{"class":118},[20,148245,4941,148246,4944,148249,1631],{},[15,148247,148248],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148250,1829],{},[20,148252,8564,148253,4566,148256,148258],{},[15,148254,148255],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148257,3380],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[131,148260,1001],{"id":1000},[1003,148262,1185,148264,148266],{"id":148263},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148265,41033],{}," without parentheses",[20,148268,148269],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[46,148271,148273],{"className":48,"code":148272,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148274,148275,148299],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148276,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148278,3395],{"class":61},[55,148280,66],{"class":65},[55,148282,9016],{"class":91},[55,148284,2761],{"class":1210},[55,148286,2764],{"class":91},[55,148288,2767],{"class":1210},[55,148290,2764],{"class":91},[55,148292,2767],{"class":1210},[55,148294,2764],{"class":91},[55,148296,2223],{"class":1210},[55,148298,342],{"class":91},[55,148300,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148302,106],{"class":105},[55,148304,109],{"class":91},[55,148306,3427],{"class":95},[55,148308,92],{"class":91},[55,148310,41033],{"class":1047},[55,148312,342],{"class":91},[20,148314,148315],{},"To call the method correctly:",[46,148317,148319],{"className":48,"code":148318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148320,148321],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148322,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148324,106],{"class":105},[55,148326,109],{"class":91},[55,148328,3427],{"class":95},[55,148330,92],{"class":91},[55,148332,41033],{"class":95},[55,148334,109],{"class":91},[55,148336,1829],{"class":1210},[55,148338,1273],{"class":91},[1003,148340,8235,148341,8238,148343,2651,148345],{"id":58365},[15,148342,57062],{},[15,148344,3380],{},[15,148346,3452],{},[20,148348,148349,58376],{},[15,148350,57062],{},[46,148352,148354],{"className":48,"code":148353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148355,148356,148388,148410,148414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148357,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148359,35860],{"class":61},[55,148361,66],{"class":65},[55,148363,9016],{"class":91},[55,148365,228],{"class":69},[55,148367,166],{"class":73},[55,148369,228],{"class":69},[55,148371,2764],{"class":91},[55,148373,70],{"class":69},[55,148375,4543],{"class":73},[55,148377,228],{"class":69},[55,148379,2764],{"class":91},[55,148381,70],{"class":69},[55,148383,166],{"class":73},[55,148385,228],{"class":69},[55,148387,342],{"class":91},[55,148389,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148391,83],{"class":61},[55,148393,66],{"class":65},[55,148395,69869],{"class":61},[55,148397,92],{"class":91},[55,148399,41033],{"class":95},[55,148401,109],{"class":91},[55,148403,228],{"class":69},[55,148405,166],{"class":73},[55,148407,228],{"class":69},[55,148409,342],{"class":91},[55,148411,148412],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,148413,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,148415,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,148417,106],{"class":105},[55,148419,109],{"class":91},[55,148421,112],{"class":95},[55,148423,115],{"class":91},[55,148425,51185],{"class":118},[20,148427,148428,148429,148431],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148430,3662],{}," is often simpler:",[46,148433,148435],{"className":48,"code":148434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148436,148437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148438,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148440,106],{"class":105},[55,148442,109],{"class":91},[55,148444,228],{"class":69},[55,148446,166],{"class":73},[55,148448,228],{"class":69},[55,148450,784],{"class":487},[55,148452,69869],{"class":95},[55,148454,115],{"class":91},[55,148456,3442],{"class":118},[1003,148458,36975,148460,8483,148462],{"id":148459},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148461,147464],{},[15,148463,57067],{},[20,148465,148466],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148468,148469],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1003,148471,148473],{"id":148472},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148475,148476,148478],{},[15,148477,57062],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[46,148480,148482],{"className":48,"code":148481,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148483,148484,148517,148543],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148485,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148487,3851],{"class":61},[55,148489,66],{"class":65},[55,148491,9016],{"class":91},[55,148493,228],{"class":69},[55,148495,3860],{"class":73},[55,148497,228],{"class":69},[55,148499,2764],{"class":91},[55,148501,70],{"class":69},[55,148503,148504],{"class":73},"pineapple",[55,148506,228],{"class":69},[55,148508,2764],{"class":91},[55,148510,70],{"class":69},[55,148512,3860],{"class":73},[55,148514,228],{"class":69},[55,148516,342],{"class":91},[55,148518,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148536,148538,148540],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148520,106],{"class":105},[55,148522,109],{"class":91},[55,148524,3895],{"class":95},[55,148526,92],{"class":91},[55,148528,41033],{"class":95},[55,148530,109],{"class":91},[55,148532,228],{"class":69},[55,148534,148535],{"class":73},"app",[55,148537,228],{"class":69},[55,148539,5145],{"class":91},[55,148541,148542],{"class":118},"    # 0\n",[55,148544,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,148546,106],{"class":105},[55,148548,109],{"class":91},[55,148550,3895],{"class":95},[55,148552,92],{"class":91},[55,148554,41033],{"class":95},[55,148556,109],{"class":91},[55,148558,228],{"class":69},[55,148560,3860],{"class":73},[55,148562,228],{"class":69},[55,148564,5145],{"class":91},[55,148566,51185],{"class":118},[20,148568,148569,148572,148573,92],{},[15,148570,148571],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148574,1894],{},[131,148576,148578],{"id":148577},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148580,148581],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148583,148584,148589,148598,148604],{},[33,148585,1866,148586,148588],{},[15,148587,3662],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148590,1866,148591,148597],{},[166,148592,148594,148595],{"href":148593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148596,58740],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148599,1866,148600,148603],{},[15,148601,148602],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148605,148606],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148608,45810,148609,539],{},[15,148610,3662],{},[46,148612,148614],{"className":48,"code":148613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148615,148616,148636,148640,148656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148617,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148619,3395],{"class":61},[55,148621,66],{"class":65},[55,148623,9016],{"class":91},[55,148625,2277],{"class":1210},[55,148627,2764],{"class":91},[55,148629,5779],{"class":1210},[55,148631,2764],{"class":91},[55,148633,53907],{"class":1210},[55,148635,342],{"class":91},[55,148637,148638],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148639,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,148641,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,148643,106],{"class":105},[55,148645,109],{"class":91},[55,148647,1797],{"class":1210},[55,148649,784],{"class":487},[55,148651,4045],{"class":95},[55,148653,115],{"class":91},[55,148655,43627],{"class":118},[55,148657,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,148659,106],{"class":105},[55,148661,109],{"class":91},[55,148663,1911],{"class":1210},[55,148665,784],{"class":487},[55,148667,4045],{"class":95},[55,148669,115],{"class":91},[55,148671,43644],{"class":118},[20,148673,45810,148674,539],{},[15,148675,58740],{},[46,148677,148679],{"className":48,"code":148678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148680,148681,148705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148682,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148684,3395],{"class":61},[55,148686,66],{"class":65},[55,148688,9016],{"class":91},[55,148690,2277],{"class":1210},[55,148692,2764],{"class":91},[55,148694,5779],{"class":1210},[55,148696,2764],{"class":91},[55,148698,53907],{"class":1210},[55,148700,2764],{"class":91},[55,148702,5779],{"class":1210},[55,148704,342],{"class":91},[55,148706,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148708,106],{"class":105},[55,148710,109],{"class":91},[55,148712,3427],{"class":95},[55,148714,92],{"class":91},[55,148716,35617],{"class":95},[55,148718,109],{"class":91},[55,148720,1797],{"class":1210},[55,148722,5145],{"class":91},[55,148724,27552],{"class":118},[20,148726,148727,148729,148730,148732,148734],{},[15,148728,57062],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9627,148731],{},[15,148733,58740],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[131,148736,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,148738,1603,148740,4928],{"id":148739},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148741,147464],{},[20,148743,148744],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1003,148746,1581,148748,148750],{"id":148747},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148749,147464],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148752,148753],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1003,148755,148757],{"id":148756},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148759,11691,148760,92],{},[15,148761,1894],{},[1003,148763,4953,148765,148767],{"id":148764},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148766,147464],{}," count strings?",[20,148769,148770],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1003,148772,1626,148774,1377,148776,1631],{"id":148773},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148775,147464],{},[15,148777,148778],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148780,148781,148783,148784,148786],{},[15,148782,57062],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148785,58740],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[131,148788,1643],{"id":1642},[30,148790,148791,148795,148800,148807,148815],{},[33,148792,148793],{},[166,148794,147573],{"href":147572},[33,148796,148797],{},[166,148798,148799],{"href":147576},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,148801,148802],{},[166,148803,148804,148805,1573],{"href":148593},"Python tuple ",[15,148806,58740],{},[33,148808,148809],{},[166,148810,148812,148813],{"href":148811},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148814,42134],{},[33,148816,148817],{},[166,148818,58728],{"href":58727},[1696,148820,148821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":147580,"depth":80,"text":147581,"children":148827},[148828],{"id":102873,"depth":102,"text":102874},{"id":285,"depth":80,"text":286},{"id":37791,"depth":80,"text":37792},{"id":40818,"depth":80,"text":40819},{"id":148103,"depth":80,"text":148104},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":148834},[148835,148837,148838,148840],{"id":148263,"depth":102,"text":148836},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58365,"depth":102,"text":58781},{"id":148459,"depth":102,"text":148839},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148472,"depth":102,"text":148473},{"id":148577,"depth":80,"text":148578},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":148843},[148844,148846,148848,148849,148851],{"id":148739,"depth":102,"text":148845},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148747,"depth":102,"text":148847},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148756,"depth":102,"text":148757},{"id":148764,"depth":102,"text":148850},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148773,"depth":102,"text":148852},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147451,"description":148854},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148861,"title":148862,"body":148863,"description":150550,"extension":1733,"meta":150551,"navigation":248,"path":150552,"seo":150553,"stem":150554,"__hash__":150555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148864,"toc":150513},[148865,148868,148871,148880,148882,149012,149014,149075,149081,149083,149103,149107,149110,149113,149148,149150,149171,149174,149213,149215,149240,149247,149251,149254,149291,149293,149316,149319,149322,149334,149340,149344,149347,149353,149394,149396,149419,149422,149463,149465,149492,149494,149511,149513,149530,149533,149537,149540,149542,149576,149578,149625,149629,149668,149672,149675,149732,149734,149775,149781,149787,149792,149794,149831,149833,149853,149855,149888,149890,149923,149926,149930,149963,149965,149990,149993,149995,150009,150016,150018,150021,150025,150028,150063,150066,150101,150105,150108,150147,150150,150189,150193,150195,150225,150228,150235,150237,150269,150272,150304,150307,150338,150340,150357,150361,150364,150428,150430,150434,150441,150445,150448,150452,150455,150459,150462,150467,150473,150475,150510],[10,148866,148862],{"id":148867},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148869,148870],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148872,148873,148874,2651,148878,92],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[166,148875,148877],{"href":148876},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[166,148879,147573],{"href":147572},[131,148881,1775],{"id":1774},[46,148883,148885],{"className":48,"code":148884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148886,148887,148907,148916,148930,148966,148970,148980,148990,149001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148888,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148890,3395],{"class":61},[55,148892,66],{"class":65},[55,148894,9016],{"class":91},[55,148896,2761],{"class":1210},[55,148898,2764],{"class":91},[55,148900,2767],{"class":1210},[55,148902,2764],{"class":91},[55,148904,2223],{"class":1210},[55,148906,342],{"class":91},[55,148908,148909,148911,148913],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,148910,124611],{"class":61},[55,148912,66],{"class":65},[55,148914,148915],{"class":91}," ()\n",[55,148917,148918,148921,148923,148925,148927],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,148919,148920],{"class":61},"one_item ",[55,148922,66],{"class":65},[55,148924,9016],{"class":91},[55,148926,1911],{"class":1210},[55,148928,148929],{"class":91},",)\n",[55,148931,148932,148935,148937,148940,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,148933,148934],{"class":61},"from_list ",[55,148936,66],{"class":65},[55,148938,148939],{"class":1265}," tuple",[55,148941,2758],{"class":91},[55,148943,228],{"class":69},[55,148945,166],{"class":73},[55,148947,228],{"class":69},[55,148949,2764],{"class":91},[55,148951,70],{"class":69},[55,148953,4543],{"class":73},[55,148955,228],{"class":69},[55,148957,2764],{"class":91},[55,148959,70],{"class":69},[55,148961,9520],{"class":73},[55,148963,228],{"class":69},[55,148965,3668],{"class":91},[55,148967,148968],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,148969,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,148971,148972,148974,148976,148978],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,148973,106],{"class":105},[55,148975,109],{"class":91},[55,148977,3427],{"class":95},[55,148979,342],{"class":91},[55,148981,148982,148984,148986,148988],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,148983,106],{"class":105},[55,148985,109],{"class":91},[55,148987,124662],{"class":95},[55,148989,342],{"class":91},[55,148991,148992,148994,148996,148999],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,148993,106],{"class":105},[55,148995,109],{"class":91},[55,148997,148998],{"class":95},"one_item",[55,149000,342],{"class":91},[55,149002,149003,149005,149007,149010],{"class":57,"line":6217},[55,149004,106],{"class":105},[55,149006,109],{"class":91},[55,149008,149009],{"class":95},"from_list",[55,149011,342],{"class":91},[20,149013,357],{},[46,149015,149017],{"className":48,"code":149016,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149018,149019,149035,149039,149047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149020,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149022,109],{"class":91},[55,149024,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149026,2764],{"class":91},[55,149028,2767],{"class":1210},[55,149030,2764],{"class":91},[55,149032,2223],{"class":1210},[55,149034,342],{"class":91},[55,149036,149037],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149038,99],{"class":91},[55,149040,149041,149043,149045],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,149042,109],{"class":91},[55,149044,1911],{"class":1210},[55,149046,148929],{"class":91},[55,149048,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,149050,109],{"class":91},[55,149052,3077],{"class":69},[55,149054,166],{"class":73},[55,149056,3077],{"class":69},[55,149058,2764],{"class":91},[55,149060,3072],{"class":69},[55,149062,4543],{"class":73},[55,149064,3077],{"class":69},[55,149066,2764],{"class":91},[55,149068,3072],{"class":69},[55,149070,9520],{"class":73},[55,149072,3077],{"class":69},[55,149074,342],{"class":91},[20,149076,149077,149078,92],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149079,149080],{},"(5,)",[131,149082,14943],{"id":14942},[30,149084,149085,149088,149091,149094,149097,149100],{},[33,149086,149087],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149089,149090],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149092,149093],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149095,149096],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149098,149099],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149101,149102],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[131,149104,149106],{"id":149105},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149108,149109],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149111,149112],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[46,149114,149116],{"className":48,"code":149115,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149117,149118,149138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149119,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149121,3395],{"class":61},[55,149123,66],{"class":65},[55,149125,9016],{"class":91},[55,149127,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149129,2764],{"class":91},[55,149131,2767],{"class":1210},[55,149133,2764],{"class":91},[55,149135,2223],{"class":1210},[55,149137,342],{"class":91},[55,149139,149140,149142,149144,149146],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149141,106],{"class":105},[55,149143,109],{"class":91},[55,149145,3427],{"class":95},[55,149147,342],{"class":91},[20,149149,357],{},[46,149151,149153],{"className":48,"code":149152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149154,149155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149156,149157,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149158,109],{"class":91},[55,149160,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149162,2764],{"class":91},[55,149164,2767],{"class":1210},[55,149166,2764],{"class":91},[55,149168,2223],{"class":1210},[55,149170,342],{"class":91},[20,149172,149173],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[46,149175,149177],{"className":48,"code":149176,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149178,149179,149203],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149180,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149182,8945],{"class":61},[55,149184,66],{"class":65},[55,149186,9016],{"class":91},[55,149188,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149190,2764],{"class":91},[55,149192,70],{"class":69},[55,149194,3860],{"class":73},[55,149196,228],{"class":69},[55,149198,2764],{"class":91},[55,149200,3696],{"class":3631},[55,149202,342],{"class":91},[55,149204,149205,149207,149209,149211],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149206,106],{"class":105},[55,149208,109],{"class":91},[55,149210,8984],{"class":95},[55,149212,342],{"class":91},[20,149214,357],{},[46,149216,149218],{"className":48,"code":149217,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149219,149220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149221,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236,149238],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149223,109],{"class":91},[55,149225,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149227,2764],{"class":91},[55,149229,3072],{"class":69},[55,149231,3860],{"class":73},[55,149233,3077],{"class":69},[55,149235,2764],{"class":91},[55,149237,3696],{"class":3631},[55,149239,342],{"class":91},[20,149241,149242,149243,92],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[166,149244,149246],{"href":149245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[131,149248,149250],{"id":149249},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149252,149253],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[46,149255,149257],{"className":48,"code":149256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149258,149259,149267,149277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149260,149261,149263,149265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149262,124611],{"class":61},[55,149264,66],{"class":65},[55,149266,148915],{"class":91},[55,149268,149269,149271,149273,149275],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149270,106],{"class":105},[55,149272,109],{"class":91},[55,149274,124662],{"class":95},[55,149276,342],{"class":91},[55,149278,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,149280,106],{"class":105},[55,149282,109],{"class":91},[55,149284,1266],{"class":1265},[55,149286,109],{"class":91},[55,149288,124662],{"class":95},[55,149290,1273],{"class":91},[20,149292,357],{},[46,149294,149296],{"className":48,"code":149295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149297,149298,149302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149299,149300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149301,99],{"class":91},[55,149303,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149305,3066],{"class":65},[55,149307,3069],{"class":1838},[55,149309,3072],{"class":69},[55,149311,48724],{"class":73},[55,149313,3077],{"class":69},[55,149315,3080],{"class":65},[20,149317,149318],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149320,149321],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149323,149324,149329],{},[33,149325,149326,149327],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149328,498],{},[33,149330,149331,149332],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149333,3565],{},[20,149335,149336,149337,92],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[166,149338,149339],{"href":56925},"Python list: creating a list",[131,149341,149343],{"id":149342},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149345,149346],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149348,149349,149350,149352],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[123,149351,902],{}," automatically a tuple:",[46,149354,149356],{"className":48,"code":149355,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149357,149358,149370,149380],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149359,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149361,2218],{"class":61},[55,149363,66],{"class":65},[55,149365,9016],{"class":91},[55,149367,1911],{"class":1210},[55,149369,342],{"class":91},[55,149371,149372,149374,149376,149378],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149373,106],{"class":105},[55,149375,109],{"class":91},[55,149377,2245],{"class":95},[55,149379,342],{"class":91},[55,149381,149382,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,149383,106],{"class":105},[55,149385,109],{"class":91},[55,149387,1266],{"class":1265},[55,149389,109],{"class":91},[55,149391,2245],{"class":95},[55,149393,1273],{"class":91},[20,149395,357],{},[46,149397,149399],{"className":48,"code":149398,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149400,149401,149405],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149402,149403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149404,2720],{"class":1210},[55,149406,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149408,3066],{"class":65},[55,149410,3069],{"class":1838},[55,149412,3072],{"class":69},[55,149414,1962],{"class":73},[55,149416,3077],{"class":69},[55,149418,3080],{"class":65},[20,149420,149421],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[46,149423,149425],{"className":48,"code":149424,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149426,149427,149439,149449],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149428,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149430,148920],{"class":61},[55,149432,66],{"class":65},[55,149434,9016],{"class":91},[55,149436,1911],{"class":1210},[55,149438,148929],{"class":91},[55,149440,149441,149443,149445,149447],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149442,106],{"class":105},[55,149444,109],{"class":91},[55,149446,148998],{"class":95},[55,149448,342],{"class":91},[55,149450,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,149452,106],{"class":105},[55,149454,109],{"class":91},[55,149456,1266],{"class":1265},[55,149458,109],{"class":91},[55,149460,148998],{"class":95},[55,149462,1273],{"class":91},[20,149464,357],{},[46,149466,149468],{"className":48,"code":149467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149469,149470,149478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149471,149472,149474,149476],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149473,109],{"class":91},[55,149475,1911],{"class":1210},[55,149477,148929],{"class":91},[55,149479,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149481,3066],{"class":65},[55,149483,3069],{"class":1838},[55,149485,3072],{"class":69},[55,149487,48724],{"class":73},[55,149489,3077],{"class":69},[55,149491,3080],{"class":65},[20,149493,1055],{},[46,149495,149497],{"className":48,"code":149496,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149498,149499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149500,149501,149503,149505,149507,149509],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149502,109],{"class":91},[55,149504,228],{"class":69},[55,149506,3860],{"class":73},[55,149508,228],{"class":69},[55,149510,148929],{"class":91},[20,149512,1017],{},[46,149514,149516],{"className":48,"code":149515,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149517,149518],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149519,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149521,109],{"class":91},[55,149523,228],{"class":69},[55,149525,3860],{"class":73},[55,149527,228],{"class":69},[55,149529,342],{"class":91},[20,149531,149532],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[131,149534,149536],{"id":149535},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149538,149539],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1003,149541,56233],{"id":3427},[46,149543,149544],{"className":48,"code":149115,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,149545,149546,149566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149547,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149549,3395],{"class":61},[55,149551,66],{"class":65},[55,149553,9016],{"class":91},[55,149555,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149557,2764],{"class":91},[55,149559,2767],{"class":1210},[55,149561,2764],{"class":91},[55,149563,2223],{"class":1210},[55,149565,342],{"class":91},[55,149567,149568,149570,149572,149574],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149569,106],{"class":105},[55,149571,109],{"class":91},[55,149573,3427],{"class":95},[55,149575,342],{"class":91},[1003,149577,56236],{"id":5092},[46,149579,149581],{"className":48,"code":149580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149582,149583,149615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149584,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149586,12855],{"class":61},[55,149588,66],{"class":65},[55,149590,9016],{"class":91},[55,149592,228],{"class":69},[55,149594,12872],{"class":73},[55,149596,228],{"class":69},[55,149598,2764],{"class":91},[55,149600,70],{"class":69},[55,149602,17232],{"class":73},[55,149604,228],{"class":69},[55,149606,2764],{"class":91},[55,149608,70],{"class":69},[55,149610,705],{"class":73},[55,149612,228],{"class":69},[55,149614,342],{"class":91},[55,149616,149617,149619,149621,149623],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149618,106],{"class":105},[55,149620,109],{"class":91},[55,149622,17279],{"class":95},[55,149624,342],{"class":91},[1003,149626,149628],{"id":149627},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[46,149630,149632],{"className":48,"code":149631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149633,149634,149658],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149635,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652,149654,149656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149637,59245],{"class":61},[55,149639,66],{"class":65},[55,149641,9016],{"class":91},[55,149643,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149645,2764],{"class":91},[55,149647,70],{"class":69},[55,149649,3860],{"class":73},[55,149651,228],{"class":69},[55,149653,2764],{"class":91},[55,149655,3696],{"class":3631},[55,149657,342],{"class":91},[55,149659,149660,149662,149664,149666],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149661,106],{"class":105},[55,149663,109],{"class":91},[55,149665,59298],{"class":95},[55,149667,342],{"class":91},[1003,149669,149671],{"id":149670},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149673,149674],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[46,149676,149678],{"className":48,"code":149677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149679,149680,149721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149681,149682,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149683,149684],{"class":61},"nested ",[55,149686,66],{"class":65},[55,149688,9016],{"class":91},[55,149690,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149692,2764],{"class":91},[55,149694,9016],{"class":91},[55,149696,228],{"class":69},[55,149698,166],{"class":73},[55,149700,228],{"class":69},[55,149702,2764],{"class":91},[55,149704,70],{"class":69},[55,149706,4543],{"class":73},[55,149708,228],{"class":69},[55,149710,9013],{"class":91},[55,149712,3400],{"class":91},[55,149714,2101],{"class":1210},[55,149716,2764],{"class":91},[55,149718,7574],{"class":1210},[55,149720,3668],{"class":91},[55,149722,149723,149725,149727,149730],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149724,106],{"class":105},[55,149726,109],{"class":91},[55,149728,149729],{"class":95},"nested",[55,149731,342],{"class":91},[20,149733,357],{},[46,149735,149737],{"className":48,"code":149736,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149738,149739],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149740,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149742,109],{"class":91},[55,149744,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149746,2764],{"class":91},[55,149748,9016],{"class":91},[55,149750,3077],{"class":69},[55,149752,166],{"class":73},[55,149754,3077],{"class":69},[55,149756,2764],{"class":91},[55,149758,3072],{"class":69},[55,149760,4543],{"class":73},[55,149762,3077],{"class":69},[55,149764,9013],{"class":91},[55,149766,3400],{"class":91},[55,149768,2101],{"class":1210},[55,149770,2764],{"class":91},[55,149772,7574],{"class":1210},[55,149774,3668],{"class":91},[131,149776,149778,149779],{"id":149777},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149780,37818],{},[20,149782,149783,149784,149786],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149785,37818],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149788,149789,149790,92],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[166,149791,62990],{"href":62989},[1003,149793,105014],{"id":105013},[46,149795,149797],{"className":48,"code":149796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149798,149799,149821],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149800,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149802,3395],{"class":61},[55,149804,66],{"class":65},[55,149806,148939],{"class":1265},[55,149808,2758],{"class":91},[55,149810,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149812,2764],{"class":91},[55,149814,2767],{"class":1210},[55,149816,2764],{"class":91},[55,149818,2223],{"class":1210},[55,149820,3668],{"class":91},[55,149822,149823,149825,149827,149829],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149824,106],{"class":105},[55,149826,109],{"class":91},[55,149828,3427],{"class":95},[55,149830,342],{"class":91},[20,149832,357],{},[46,149834,149835],{"className":48,"code":149152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,149836,149837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149838,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149840,109],{"class":91},[55,149842,2761],{"class":1210},[55,149844,2764],{"class":91},[55,149846,2767],{"class":1210},[55,149848,2764],{"class":91},[55,149850,2223],{"class":1210},[55,149852,342],{"class":91},[1003,149854,105200],{"id":105199},[46,149856,149858],{"className":48,"code":149857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149859,149860,149878],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149861,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149863,35860],{"class":61},[55,149865,66],{"class":65},[55,149867,148939],{"class":1265},[55,149869,109],{"class":91},[55,149871,228],{"class":69},[55,149873,41334],{"class":73},[55,149875,228],{"class":69},[55,149877,342],{"class":91},[55,149879,149880,149882,149884,149886],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149881,106],{"class":105},[55,149883,109],{"class":91},[55,149885,35913],{"class":95},[55,149887,342],{"class":91},[20,149889,357],{},[46,149891,149893],{"className":48,"code":149892,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149894,149895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149896,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149898,109],{"class":91},[55,149900,3077],{"class":69},[55,149902,166],{"class":73},[55,149904,3077],{"class":69},[55,149906,2764],{"class":91},[55,149908,3072],{"class":69},[55,149910,4543],{"class":73},[55,149912,3077],{"class":69},[55,149914,2764],{"class":91},[55,149916,3072],{"class":69},[55,149918,9520],{"class":73},[55,149920,3077],{"class":69},[55,149922,342],{"class":91},[20,149924,149925],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1003,149927,149929],{"id":149928},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[46,149931,149933],{"className":48,"code":149932,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149934,149935,149953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149936,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149938,3601],{"class":61},[55,149940,66],{"class":65},[55,149942,148939],{"class":1265},[55,149944,109],{"class":91},[55,149946,59771],{"class":105},[55,149948,109],{"class":91},[55,149950,2277],{"class":1210},[55,149952,1273],{"class":91},[55,149954,149955,149957,149959,149961],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,149956,106],{"class":105},[55,149958,109],{"class":91},[55,149960,5142],{"class":95},[55,149962,342],{"class":91},[20,149964,357],{},[46,149966,149968],{"className":48,"code":149967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149969,149970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149971,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149973,109],{"class":91},[55,149975,1894],{"class":1210},[55,149977,2764],{"class":91},[55,149979,5282],{"class":1210},[55,149981,2764],{"class":91},[55,149983,2767],{"class":1210},[55,149985,2764],{"class":91},[55,149987,2223],{"class":1210},[55,149989,342],{"class":91},[20,149991,149992],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[131,149994,20579],{"id":20578},[30,149996,149997,150000,150003,150006],{},[33,149998,149999],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150001,150002],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150004,150005],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150007,150008],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150010,150011,150012,92],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[166,150013,150015],{"href":150014},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[131,150017,1001],{"id":1000},[20,150019,150020],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1003,150022,150024],{"id":150023},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150026,150027],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[46,150029,150031],{"className":48,"code":150030,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150032,150033,150049],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150034,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150036,28310],{"class":61},[55,150038,66],{"class":65},[55,150040,9016],{"class":91},[55,150042,228],{"class":69},[55,150044,3860],{"class":73},[55,150046,228],{"class":69},[55,150048,342],{"class":91},[55,150050,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150052,106],{"class":105},[55,150054,109],{"class":91},[55,150056,1266],{"class":1265},[55,150058,109],{"class":91},[55,150060,23087],{"class":95},[55,150062,1273],{"class":91},[20,150064,150065],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[46,150067,150069],{"className":48,"code":150068,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150070,150071,150087],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150072,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150074,28310],{"class":61},[55,150076,66],{"class":65},[55,150078,9016],{"class":91},[55,150080,228],{"class":69},[55,150082,3860],{"class":73},[55,150084,228],{"class":69},[55,150086,148929],{"class":91},[55,150088,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150090,106],{"class":105},[55,150092,109],{"class":91},[55,150094,1266],{"class":1265},[55,150096,109],{"class":91},[55,150098,23087],{"class":95},[55,150100,1273],{"class":91},[1003,150102,150104],{"id":150103},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150106,150107],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[46,150109,150111],{"className":48,"code":150110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150112,150113,150133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150114,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150116,3601],{"class":61},[55,150118,66],{"class":65},[55,150120,3400],{"class":91},[55,150122,2761],{"class":1210},[55,150124,2764],{"class":91},[55,150126,2767],{"class":1210},[55,150128,2764],{"class":91},[55,150130,2223],{"class":1210},[55,150132,3413],{"class":91},[55,150134,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150136,106],{"class":105},[55,150138,109],{"class":91},[55,150140,1266],{"class":1265},[55,150142,109],{"class":91},[55,150144,5142],{"class":95},[55,150146,1273],{"class":91},[20,150148,150149],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[46,150151,150153],{"className":48,"code":150152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150154,150155,150175],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150156,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150158,3601],{"class":61},[55,150160,66],{"class":65},[55,150162,9016],{"class":91},[55,150164,2761],{"class":1210},[55,150166,2764],{"class":91},[55,150168,2767],{"class":1210},[55,150170,2764],{"class":91},[55,150172,2223],{"class":1210},[55,150174,342],{"class":91},[55,150176,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150178,106],{"class":105},[55,150180,109],{"class":91},[55,150182,1266],{"class":1265},[55,150184,109],{"class":91},[55,150186,5142],{"class":95},[55,150188,1273],{"class":91},[1003,150190,150192],{"id":150191},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150194,150005],{},[46,150196,150198],{"className":48,"code":150197,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150199,150200,150220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150201,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150203,3395],{"class":61},[55,150205,66],{"class":65},[55,150207,9016],{"class":91},[55,150209,2761],{"class":1210},[55,150211,2764],{"class":91},[55,150213,2767],{"class":1210},[55,150215,2764],{"class":91},[55,150217,2223],{"class":1210},[55,150219,342],{"class":91},[55,150221,150222],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150223,150224],{"class":118},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150226,150227],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1003,150229,36975,150231,150234],{"id":150230},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150232,150233],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150236,64416],{},[46,150238,150239],{"className":48,"code":149857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,150240,150241,150259],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150242,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150244,35860],{"class":61},[55,150246,66],{"class":65},[55,150248,148939],{"class":1265},[55,150250,109],{"class":91},[55,150252,228],{"class":69},[55,150254,41334],{"class":73},[55,150256,228],{"class":69},[55,150258,342],{"class":91},[55,150260,150261,150263,150265,150267],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150262,106],{"class":105},[55,150264,109],{"class":91},[55,150266,35913],{"class":95},[55,150268,342],{"class":91},[20,150270,150271],{},"gives:",[46,150273,150274],{"className":48,"code":149892,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,150275,150276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150277,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150279,109],{"class":91},[55,150281,3077],{"class":69},[55,150283,166],{"class":73},[55,150285,3077],{"class":69},[55,150287,2764],{"class":91},[55,150289,3072],{"class":69},[55,150291,4543],{"class":73},[55,150293,3077],{"class":69},[55,150295,2764],{"class":91},[55,150297,3072],{"class":69},[55,150299,9520],{"class":73},[55,150301,3077],{"class":69},[55,150303,342],{"class":91},[20,150305,150306],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[46,150308,150310],{"className":48,"code":150309,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150311,150312,150328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150313,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150315,5940],{"class":61},[55,150317,66],{"class":65},[55,150319,9016],{"class":91},[55,150321,228],{"class":69},[55,150323,41334],{"class":73},[55,150325,228],{"class":69},[55,150327,148929],{"class":91},[55,150329,150330,150332,150334,150336],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150331,106],{"class":105},[55,150333,109],{"class":91},[55,150335,38163],{"class":95},[55,150337,342],{"class":91},[20,150339,357],{},[46,150341,150343],{"className":48,"code":150342,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('abc',)\n",[15,150344,150345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150346,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150348,109],{"class":91},[55,150350,3077],{"class":69},[55,150352,41334],{"class":73},[55,150354,3077],{"class":69},[55,150356,148929],{"class":91},[1003,150358,150360],{"id":150359},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150362,150363],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[46,150365,150367],{"className":48,"code":150366,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150368,150369,150386,150390,150400,150414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150370,150371,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150372,150373],{"class":61},"my_tuple ",[55,150375,66],{"class":65},[55,150377,9016],{"class":91},[55,150379,228],{"class":69},[55,150381,3860],{"class":73},[55,150383,228],{"class":69},[55,150385,148929],{"class":91},[55,150387,150388],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150389,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,150391,150392,150394,150396,150398],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,150393,106],{"class":105},[55,150395,109],{"class":91},[55,150397,147591],{"class":95},[55,150399,342],{"class":91},[55,150401,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,150403,106],{"class":105},[55,150405,109],{"class":91},[55,150407,1266],{"class":1265},[55,150409,109],{"class":91},[55,150411,147591],{"class":95},[55,150413,1273],{"class":91},[55,150415,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,150417,106],{"class":105},[55,150419,109],{"class":91},[55,150421,10942],{"class":105},[55,150423,109],{"class":91},[55,150425,147591],{"class":95},[55,150427,1273],{"class":91},[131,150429,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,150431,150433],{"id":150432},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150435,150436,150437,150440],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150438,150439],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1003,150442,150444],{"id":150443},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150446,150447],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1003,150449,150451],{"id":150450},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150453,150454],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1003,150456,150458],{"id":150457},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150460,150461],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1003,150463,1603,150465,1606],{"id":150464},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150466,150233],{},[20,150468,4931,150469,150472],{},[15,150470,150471],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[131,150474,1643],{"id":1642},[30,150476,150477,150481,150485,150491,150496,150501,150505],{},[33,150478,150479],{},[166,150480,147573],{"href":147572},[33,150482,150483],{},[166,150484,149246],{"href":149245},[33,150486,150487],{},[166,150488,150490],{"href":150489},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150492,150493],{},[166,150494,150495],{"href":148811},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150497,150498],{},[166,150499,150500],{"href":148876},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150502,150503],{},[166,150504,62990],{"href":62989},[33,150506,150507],{},[166,150508,150509],{"href":150014},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1696,150511,150512],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":150514},[150515,150516,150517,150518,150519,150520,150526,150532,150533,150541,150549],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":14942,"depth":80,"text":14943},{"id":149105,"depth":80,"text":149106},{"id":149249,"depth":80,"text":149250},{"id":149342,"depth":80,"text":149343},{"id":149535,"depth":80,"text":149536,"children":150521},[150522,150523,150524,150525],{"id":3427,"depth":102,"text":56233},{"id":5092,"depth":102,"text":56236},{"id":149627,"depth":102,"text":149628},{"id":149670,"depth":102,"text":149671},{"id":149777,"depth":80,"text":150527,"children":150528},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150529,150530,150531],{"id":105013,"depth":102,"text":105014},{"id":105199,"depth":102,"text":105200},{"id":149928,"depth":102,"text":149929},{"id":20578,"depth":80,"text":20579},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":150534},[150535,150536,150537,150538,150540],{"id":150023,"depth":102,"text":150024},{"id":150103,"depth":102,"text":150104},{"id":150191,"depth":102,"text":150192},{"id":150230,"depth":102,"text":150539},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150359,"depth":102,"text":150360},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":150542},[150543,150544,150545,150546,150547],{"id":150432,"depth":102,"text":150433},{"id":150443,"depth":102,"text":150444},{"id":150450,"depth":102,"text":150451},{"id":150457,"depth":102,"text":150458},{"id":150464,"depth":102,"text":150548},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148862,"description":150550},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150557,"title":150558,"body":150559,"description":152104,"extension":1733,"meta":152105,"navigation":248,"path":152106,"seo":152107,"stem":152108,"__hash__":152109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150560,"toc":152074},[150561,150564,150569,150571,150584,150590,150592,150659,150661,150696,150701,150705,150709,150711,150722,150730,150732,150734,150755,150757,150777,150780,150782,150787,150830,150832,150854,150857,150870,150874,150878,150881,150934,150936,150957,150962,150966,150969,151014,151016,151049,151061,151065,151073,151110,151112,151141,151145,151148,151201,151203,151223,151230,151234,151239,151308,151310,151335,151339,151342,151348,151425,151427,151486,151488,151500,151505,151509,151513,151527,151529,151564,151566,151583,151586,151599,151603,151607,151618,151623,151638,151641,151644,151646,151649,151653,151655,151669,151671,151695,151700,151704,151707,151726,151729,151778,151783,151800,151803,151836,151840,151842,151893,151896,151921,151924,151947,151951,151957,151959,151994,151997,152002,152004,152008,152011,152015,152020,152024,152027,152031,152034,152038,152043,152045,152071],[10,150562,150558],{"id":150563},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150565,8902,150566,150568],{},[15,150567,37818],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150570,82362],{},[30,150572,150573,150578],{},[33,150574,150575,150577],{},[15,150576,37818],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150579,150580,150583],{},[15,150581,150582],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150585,150586,150587,150589],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150588,37818],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[131,150591,1775],{"id":1774},[46,150593,150595],{"className":48,"code":150594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150596,150597,150617,150631,150635,150645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150598,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150600,3395],{"class":61},[55,150602,66],{"class":65},[55,150604,3400],{"class":91},[55,150606,2761],{"class":1210},[55,150608,2764],{"class":91},[55,150610,2767],{"class":1210},[55,150612,2764],{"class":91},[55,150614,2223],{"class":1210},[55,150616,3413],{"class":91},[55,150618,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627,150629],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150620,83],{"class":61},[55,150622,66],{"class":65},[55,150624,148939],{"class":1265},[55,150626,109],{"class":91},[55,150628,3427],{"class":95},[55,150630,342],{"class":91},[55,150632,150633],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,150634,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,150636,150637,150639,150641,150643],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,150638,106],{"class":105},[55,150640,109],{"class":91},[55,150642,112],{"class":95},[55,150644,342],{"class":91},[55,150646,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,150648,106],{"class":105},[55,150650,109],{"class":91},[55,150652,1266],{"class":1265},[55,150654,109],{"class":91},[55,150656,112],{"class":95},[55,150658,1273],{"class":91},[20,150660,357],{},[46,150662,150664],{"className":48,"code":150663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150665,150666,150682],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150667,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150669,109],{"class":91},[55,150671,2761],{"class":1210},[55,150673,2764],{"class":91},[55,150675,2767],{"class":1210},[55,150677,2764],{"class":91},[55,150679,2223],{"class":1210},[55,150681,342],{"class":91},[55,150683,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150685,3066],{"class":65},[55,150687,3069],{"class":1838},[55,150689,3072],{"class":69},[55,150691,48724],{"class":73},[55,150693,3077],{"class":69},[55,150695,3080],{"class":65},[20,150697,1866,150698,150700],{},[15,150699,150582],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[131,150702,150704],{"id":150703},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150706,150707,62698],{},[15,150708,37818],{},[20,150710,48698],{},[30,150712,150713,150716,150719],{},[33,150714,150715],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,150717,150718],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,150720,150721],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150723,150724,150725,150727,150728,92],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[166,150726,148877],{"href":148876}," or the full guide to ",[166,150729,147573],{"href":147572},[131,150731,178],{"id":177},[20,150733,26260],{},[46,150735,150737],{"className":48,"code":150736,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150738,150739,150745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150740,150741,150743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150742,48724],{"class":1265},[55,150744,99],{"class":91},[55,150746,150747,150749,150751,150753],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150748,48724],{"class":1265},[55,150750,109],{"class":91},[55,150752,3498],{"class":95},[55,150754,342],{"class":91},[20,150756,11239],{},[30,150758,150759,150762],{},[33,150760,150761],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,150763,150764,150765],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,150766,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775],{},[33,150768,5083],{},[33,150770,5092],{},[33,150772,62769],{},[33,150774,5089],{},[33,150776,7036],{},[20,150778,150779],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[131,150781,149250],{"id":149249},[20,150783,29421,150784,150786],{},[15,150785,37818],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[46,150788,150790],{"className":48,"code":150789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150791,150792,150802,150806,150816],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150793,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150795,124611],{"class":61},[55,150797,66],{"class":65},[55,150799,148939],{"class":1265},[55,150801,99],{"class":91},[55,150803,150804],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150805,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,150807,150808,150810,150812,150814],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,150809,106],{"class":105},[55,150811,109],{"class":91},[55,150813,124662],{"class":95},[55,150815,342],{"class":91},[55,150817,150818,150820,150822,150824,150826,150828],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,150819,106],{"class":105},[55,150821,109],{"class":91},[55,150823,1266],{"class":1265},[55,150825,109],{"class":91},[55,150827,124662],{"class":95},[55,150829,1273],{"class":91},[20,150831,357],{},[46,150833,150834],{"className":48,"code":149295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,150835,150836,150840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150837,150838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150839,99],{"class":91},[55,150841,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850,150852],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150843,3066],{"class":65},[55,150845,3069],{"class":1838},[55,150847,3072],{"class":69},[55,150849,48724],{"class":73},[55,150851,3077],{"class":69},[55,150853,3080],{"class":65},[20,150855,150856],{},"This is equivalent to:",[46,150858,150860],{"className":48,"code":150859,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = ()\n",[15,150861,150862],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150863,150864,150866,150868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150865,124611],{"class":61},[55,150867,66],{"class":65},[55,150869,148915],{"class":91},[131,150871,150873],{"id":150872},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1003,150875,150877],{"id":150876},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150879,150880],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[46,150882,150884],{"className":48,"code":150883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150885,150886,150906,150920,150924],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150887,150888,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150889,3395],{"class":61},[55,150891,66],{"class":65},[55,150893,3400],{"class":91},[55,150895,2101],{"class":1210},[55,150897,2764],{"class":91},[55,150899,7574],{"class":1210},[55,150901,2764],{"class":91},[55,150903,7579],{"class":1210},[55,150905,3413],{"class":91},[55,150907,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150909,83],{"class":61},[55,150911,66],{"class":65},[55,150913,148939],{"class":1265},[55,150915,109],{"class":91},[55,150917,3427],{"class":95},[55,150919,342],{"class":91},[55,150921,150922],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,150923,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,150925,150926,150928,150930,150932],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,150927,106],{"class":105},[55,150929,109],{"class":91},[55,150931,112],{"class":95},[55,150933,342],{"class":91},[20,150935,357],{},[46,150937,150939],{"className":48,"code":150938,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150940,150941],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150942,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953,150955],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150944,109],{"class":91},[55,150946,2101],{"class":1210},[55,150948,2764],{"class":91},[55,150950,7574],{"class":1210},[55,150952,2764],{"class":91},[55,150954,7579],{"class":1210},[55,150956,342],{"class":91},[20,150958,150959,150960,92],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[166,150961,104819],{"href":59828},[1003,150963,150965],{"id":150964},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150967,150968],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[46,150970,150972],{"className":48,"code":150971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150973,150974,150986,151000,151004],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150975,150976,150978,150980,150982,150984],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150977,62],{"class":61},[55,150979,66],{"class":65},[55,150981,70],{"class":69},[55,150983,36818],{"class":73},[55,150985,77],{"class":69},[55,150987,150988,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,150989,83],{"class":61},[55,150991,66],{"class":65},[55,150993,148939],{"class":1265},[55,150995,109],{"class":91},[55,150997,352],{"class":95},[55,150999,342],{"class":91},[55,151001,151002],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,151003,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,151005,151006,151008,151010,151012],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,151007,106],{"class":105},[55,151009,109],{"class":91},[55,151011,112],{"class":95},[55,151013,342],{"class":91},[20,151015,357],{},[46,151017,151019],{"className":48,"code":151018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151020,151021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151022,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151024,109],{"class":91},[55,151026,3077],{"class":69},[55,151028,9520],{"class":73},[55,151030,3077],{"class":69},[55,151032,2764],{"class":91},[55,151034,3072],{"class":69},[55,151036,166],{"class":73},[55,151038,3077],{"class":69},[55,151040,2764],{"class":91},[55,151042,3072],{"class":69},[55,151044,63059],{"class":73},[55,151046,3077],{"class":69},[55,151048,342],{"class":91},[20,151050,151051,151052,13833,151055,151057,151058,92],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151053,151054],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[123,151056,902],{}," create ",[15,151059,151060],{},"('cat',)",[1003,151062,151064],{"id":151063},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151066,151067,151069,151070,151072],{},[15,151068,35968],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151071,37818],{}," collects them all.",[46,151074,151076],{"className":48,"code":151075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151077,151078,151096,151100],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151079,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151081,83],{"class":61},[55,151083,66],{"class":65},[55,151085,148939],{"class":1265},[55,151087,109],{"class":91},[55,151089,59771],{"class":105},[55,151091,109],{"class":91},[55,151093,1911],{"class":1210},[55,151095,1273],{"class":91},[55,151097,151098],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151099,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,151101,151102,151104,151106,151108],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,151103,106],{"class":105},[55,151105,109],{"class":91},[55,151107,112],{"class":95},[55,151109,342],{"class":91},[20,151111,357],{},[46,151113,151115],{"className":48,"code":151114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151116,151117],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151118,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151120,109],{"class":91},[55,151122,1894],{"class":1210},[55,151124,2764],{"class":91},[55,151126,5282],{"class":1210},[55,151128,2764],{"class":91},[55,151130,2767],{"class":1210},[55,151132,2764],{"class":91},[55,151134,2223],{"class":1210},[55,151136,2764],{"class":91},[55,151138,2229],{"class":1210},[55,151140,342],{"class":91},[1003,151142,151144],{"id":151143},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151146,151147],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[46,151149,151151],{"className":48,"code":151150,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151152,151153,151173,151187,151191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151154,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151156,3601],{"class":61},[55,151158,66],{"class":65},[55,151160,10272],{"class":91},[55,151162,2761],{"class":1210},[55,151164,2764],{"class":91},[55,151166,2767],{"class":1210},[55,151168,2764],{"class":91},[55,151170,2223],{"class":1210},[55,151172,9089],{"class":91},[55,151174,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151176,83],{"class":61},[55,151178,66],{"class":65},[55,151180,148939],{"class":1265},[55,151182,109],{"class":91},[55,151184,5142],{"class":95},[55,151186,342],{"class":91},[55,151188,151189],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,151190,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,151192,151193,151195,151197,151199],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,151194,106],{"class":105},[55,151196,109],{"class":91},[55,151198,112],{"class":95},[55,151200,342],{"class":91},[20,151202,357],{},[46,151204,151205],{"className":48,"code":149152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,151206,151207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151208,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151210,109],{"class":91},[55,151212,2761],{"class":1210},[55,151214,2764],{"class":91},[55,151216,2767],{"class":1210},[55,151218,2764],{"class":91},[55,151220,2223],{"class":1210},[55,151222,342],{"class":91},[20,151224,151225,151226,92],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[166,151227,151229],{"href":151228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1003,151231,151233],{"id":151232},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151235,63312,151236,151238],{},[15,151237,37818],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[46,151240,151242],{"className":48,"code":151241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151243,151244,151280,151294,151298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151245,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151247,12983],{"class":61},[55,151249,66],{"class":65},[55,151251,10272],{"class":91},[55,151253,228],{"class":69},[55,151255,273],{"class":73},[55,151257,228],{"class":69},[55,151259,539],{"class":91},[55,151261,70],{"class":69},[55,151263,12660],{"class":73},[55,151265,228],{"class":69},[55,151267,2764],{"class":91},[55,151269,70],{"class":69},[55,151271,9079],{"class":73},[55,151273,228],{"class":69},[55,151275,539],{"class":91},[55,151277,9086],{"class":1210},[55,151279,9089],{"class":91},[55,151281,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151283,83],{"class":61},[55,151285,66],{"class":65},[55,151287,148939],{"class":1265},[55,151289,109],{"class":91},[55,151291,17085],{"class":95},[55,151293,342],{"class":91},[55,151295,151296],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,151297,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,151299,151300,151302,151304,151306],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,151301,106],{"class":105},[55,151303,109],{"class":91},[55,151305,112],{"class":95},[55,151307,342],{"class":91},[20,151309,29801],{},[46,151311,151313],{"className":48,"code":151312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151314,151315],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151316,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329,151331,151333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151318,109],{"class":91},[55,151320,3077],{"class":69},[55,151322,273],{"class":73},[55,151324,3077],{"class":69},[55,151326,2764],{"class":91},[55,151328,3072],{"class":69},[55,151330,9079],{"class":73},[55,151332,3077],{"class":69},[55,151334,342],{"class":91},[131,151336,151338],{"id":151337},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151340,151341],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151343,151344,151347],{},[15,151345,151346],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[46,151349,151351],{"className":48,"code":151350,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151352,151353,151389,151393,151407],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151354,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151356,12983],{"class":61},[55,151358,66],{"class":65},[55,151360,10272],{"class":91},[55,151362,228],{"class":69},[55,151364,273],{"class":73},[55,151366,228],{"class":69},[55,151368,539],{"class":91},[55,151370,70],{"class":69},[55,151372,12660],{"class":73},[55,151374,228],{"class":69},[55,151376,2764],{"class":91},[55,151378,70],{"class":69},[55,151380,9079],{"class":73},[55,151382,228],{"class":69},[55,151384,539],{"class":91},[55,151386,9086],{"class":1210},[55,151388,9089],{"class":91},[55,151390,151391],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151392,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,151394,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,151396,106],{"class":105},[55,151398,109],{"class":91},[55,151400,48724],{"class":1265},[55,151402,109],{"class":91},[55,151404,17085],{"class":95},[55,151406,1273],{"class":91},[55,151408,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,151410,106],{"class":105},[55,151412,109],{"class":91},[55,151414,48724],{"class":1265},[55,151416,109],{"class":91},[55,151418,17085],{"class":95},[55,151420,92],{"class":91},[55,151422,7594],{"class":95},[55,151424,6076],{"class":91},[20,151426,357],{},[46,151428,151430],{"className":48,"code":151429,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151431,151432,151452],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151433,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151435,109],{"class":91},[55,151437,3077],{"class":69},[55,151439,273],{"class":73},[55,151441,3077],{"class":69},[55,151443,2764],{"class":91},[55,151445,3072],{"class":69},[55,151447,9079],{"class":73},[55,151449,3077],{"class":69},[55,151451,342],{"class":91},[55,151453,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151455,5295],{"class":91},[55,151457,3077],{"class":69},[55,151459,273],{"class":73},[55,151461,3077],{"class":69},[55,151463,2764],{"class":91},[55,151465,3072],{"class":69},[55,151467,12660],{"class":73},[55,151469,3077],{"class":69},[55,151471,9013],{"class":91},[55,151473,9016],{"class":91},[55,151475,3077],{"class":69},[55,151477,9079],{"class":73},[55,151479,3077],{"class":69},[55,151481,2764],{"class":91},[55,151483,9086],{"class":1210},[55,151485,1273],{"class":91},[20,151487,18472],{},[30,151489,151490,151495],{},[33,151491,151492,151494],{},[15,151493,151346],{}," for keys",[33,151496,151497,32330],{},[15,151498,151499],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151501,151502,151503,92],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[166,151504,63322],{"href":63321},[131,151506,151508],{"id":151507},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151510,151511,18096],{},[15,151512,37818],{},[30,151514,151515,151518,151521,151524],{},[33,151516,151517],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151519,151520],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151522,151523],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151525,151526],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151528,214],{},[46,151530,151532],{"className":48,"code":151531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151533,151534,151553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151535,151536,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151537,151538],{"class":61},"coordinates ",[55,151540,66],{"class":65},[55,151542,148939],{"class":1265},[55,151544,2758],{"class":91},[55,151546,2277],{"class":1210},[55,151548,2764],{"class":91},[55,151550,5779],{"class":1210},[55,151552,3668],{"class":91},[55,151554,151555,151557,151559,151562],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151556,106],{"class":105},[55,151558,109],{"class":91},[55,151560,151561],{"class":95},"coordinates",[55,151563,342],{"class":91},[20,151565,357],{},[46,151567,151569],{"className":48,"code":151568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151570,151571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151572,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151574,109],{"class":91},[55,151576,2277],{"class":1210},[55,151578,2764],{"class":91},[55,151580,5779],{"class":1210},[55,151582,342],{"class":91},[20,151584,151585],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151587,151588,151590,151593,151596],{},[33,151589,151561],{},[33,151591,151592],{},"RGB colors",[33,151594,151595],{},"dates",[33,151597,151598],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[131,151600,151602],{"id":151601},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151604,44200,151605,10382],{},[15,151606,37818],{},[30,151608,151609,151612,151615],{},[33,151610,151611],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151613,151614],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151616,151617],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151619,116246,151620,151622],{},[123,151621,902],{}," work:",[46,151624,151626],{"className":48,"code":151625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151627,151628],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151629,151630,151632,151634,151636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151631,48724],{"class":1265},[55,151633,109],{"class":91},[55,151635,1911],{"class":1210},[55,151637,342],{"class":91},[20,151639,151640],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151642,151643],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[131,151645,115084],{"id":115083},[20,151647,151648],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1003,151650,151652],{"id":151651},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151654,2609],{},[46,151656,151657],{"className":48,"code":151625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,151658,151659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151660,151661,151663,151665,151667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151662,48724],{"class":1265},[55,151664,109],{"class":91},[55,151666,1911],{"class":1210},[55,151668,342],{"class":91},[20,151670,29452],{},[46,151672,151673],{"className":48,"code":63426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,151674,151675],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151676,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151678,2780],{"class":1265},[55,151680,539],{"class":91},[55,151682,3072],{"class":69},[55,151684,1962],{"class":73},[55,151686,3077],{"class":69},[55,151688,24392],{"class":1265},[55,151690,7880],{"class":65},[55,151692,7883],{"class":65},[55,151694,63449],{"class":61},[20,151696,151697,151698,92],{},"If you see this, read ",[166,151699,62063],{"href":52370},[1003,151701,151703],{"id":151702},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151705,151706],{},"This code:",[46,151708,151710],{"className":48,"code":151709,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151711,151712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151713,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151715,48724],{"class":1265},[55,151717,109],{"class":91},[55,151719,228],{"class":69},[55,151721,3624],{"class":73},[55,151723,228],{"class":69},[55,151725,342],{"class":91},[20,151727,151728],{},"returns:",[46,151730,151732],{"className":48,"code":151731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151733,151734],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151735,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151737,109],{"class":91},[55,151739,3077],{"class":69},[55,151741,60211],{"class":73},[55,151743,3077],{"class":69},[55,151745,2764],{"class":91},[55,151747,3072],{"class":69},[55,151749,60220],{"class":73},[55,151751,3077],{"class":69},[55,151753,2764],{"class":91},[55,151755,3072],{"class":69},[55,151757,60229],{"class":73},[55,151759,3077],{"class":69},[55,151761,2764],{"class":91},[55,151763,3072],{"class":69},[55,151765,60229],{"class":73},[55,151767,3077],{"class":69},[55,151769,2764],{"class":91},[55,151771,3072],{"class":69},[55,151773,60246],{"class":73},[55,151775,3077],{"class":69},[55,151777,342],{"class":91},[20,151779,40679,151780,151782],{},[123,151781,902],{}," return:",[46,151784,151786],{"className":48,"code":151785,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('hello',)\n",[15,151787,151788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151789,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151791,109],{"class":91},[55,151793,3077],{"class":69},[55,151795,3624],{"class":73},[55,151797,3077],{"class":69},[55,151799,148929],{"class":91},[20,151801,151802],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[46,151804,151806],{"className":48,"code":151805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151807,151808,151825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151809,151810,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151811,151812],{"class":61},"single ",[55,151814,66],{"class":65},[55,151816,9016],{"class":91},[55,151818,228],{"class":69},[55,151820,3624],{"class":73},[55,151822,228],{"class":69},[55,151824,148929],{"class":91},[55,151826,151827,151829,151831,151834],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151828,106],{"class":105},[55,151830,109],{"class":91},[55,151832,151833],{"class":95},"single",[55,151835,342],{"class":91},[1003,151837,151839],{"id":151838},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151841,151706],{},[46,151843,151845],{"className":48,"code":151844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151846,151847,151879],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151848,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151850,8945],{"class":61},[55,151852,66],{"class":65},[55,151854,10272],{"class":91},[55,151856,228],{"class":69},[55,151858,166],{"class":73},[55,151860,228],{"class":69},[55,151862,539],{"class":91},[55,151864,5282],{"class":1210},[55,151866,2764],{"class":91},[55,151868,70],{"class":69},[55,151870,4543],{"class":73},[55,151872,228],{"class":69},[55,151874,539],{"class":91},[55,151876,2767],{"class":1210},[55,151878,9089],{"class":91},[55,151880,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151882,106],{"class":105},[55,151884,109],{"class":91},[55,151886,48724],{"class":1265},[55,151888,109],{"class":91},[55,151890,8984],{"class":95},[55,151892,1273],{"class":91},[20,151894,151895],{},"returns only the keys:",[46,151897,151899],{"className":48,"code":151898,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151900,151901],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151902,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151904,109],{"class":91},[55,151906,3077],{"class":69},[55,151908,166],{"class":73},[55,151910,3077],{"class":69},[55,151912,2764],{"class":91},[55,151914,3072],{"class":69},[55,151916,4543],{"class":73},[55,151918,3077],{"class":69},[55,151920,342],{"class":91},[20,151922,151923],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[46,151925,151927],{"className":48,"code":151926,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151928,151929],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151930,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151932,106],{"class":105},[55,151934,109],{"class":91},[55,151936,48724],{"class":1265},[55,151938,109],{"class":91},[55,151940,8984],{"class":95},[55,151942,92],{"class":91},[55,151944,7594],{"class":95},[55,151946,6076],{"class":91},[1003,151948,151950],{"id":151949},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151952,151953,151954,151956],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151955,37818],{}," conversion.",[20,151958,5256],{},[46,151960,151962],{"className":48,"code":151961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151963,151964,151984],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151965,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151967,2218],{"class":61},[55,151969,66],{"class":65},[55,151971,9016],{"class":91},[55,151973,2761],{"class":1210},[55,151975,2764],{"class":91},[55,151977,2767],{"class":1210},[55,151979,2764],{"class":91},[55,151981,2223],{"class":1210},[55,151983,342],{"class":91},[55,151985,151986,151988,151990,151992],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,151987,106],{"class":105},[55,151989,109],{"class":91},[55,151991,2245],{"class":95},[55,151993,342],{"class":91},[20,151995,151996],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151998,25280,151999,152001],{},[15,152000,37818],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[131,152003,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,152005,152007],{"id":152006},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152009,152010],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1003,152012,152014],{"id":152013},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152016,152017,152018,92],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152019,498],{},[1003,152021,152023],{"id":152022},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152025,152026],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1003,152028,152030],{"id":152029},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152032,152033],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1003,152035,152037],{"id":152036},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152039,152040,152041,92],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152042,2780],{},[131,152044,1643],{"id":1642},[30,152046,152047,152051,152055,152059,152063,152067],{},[33,152048,152049],{},[166,152050,147573],{"href":147572},[33,152052,152053],{},[166,152054,150500],{"href":148876},[33,152056,152057],{},[166,152058,104819],{"href":59828},[33,152060,152061],{},[166,152062,151229],{"href":151228},[33,152064,152065],{},[166,152066,63322],{"href":63321},[33,152068,152069],{},[166,152070,62063],{"href":52370},[1696,152072,152073],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":152075},[152076,152077,152078,152079,152080,152087,152088,152089,152090,152096,152103],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":150703,"depth":80,"text":150704},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":149249,"depth":80,"text":149250},{"id":150872,"depth":80,"text":150873,"children":152081},[152082,152083,152084,152085,152086],{"id":150876,"depth":102,"text":150877},{"id":150964,"depth":102,"text":150965},{"id":151063,"depth":102,"text":151064},{"id":151143,"depth":102,"text":151144},{"id":151232,"depth":102,"text":151233},{"id":151337,"depth":80,"text":151338},{"id":151507,"depth":80,"text":151508},{"id":151601,"depth":80,"text":151602},{"id":115083,"depth":80,"text":115084,"children":152091},[152092,152093,152094,152095],{"id":151651,"depth":102,"text":151652},{"id":151702,"depth":102,"text":151703},{"id":151838,"depth":102,"text":151839},{"id":151949,"depth":102,"text":151950},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":152097},[152098,152099,152100,152101,152102],{"id":152006,"depth":102,"text":152007},{"id":152013,"depth":102,"text":152014},{"id":152022,"depth":102,"text":152023},{"id":152029,"depth":102,"text":152030},{"id":152036,"depth":102,"text":152037},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150558,"description":152104},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152111,"title":152112,"body":152113,"description":153526,"extension":1733,"meta":153527,"navigation":248,"path":153528,"seo":153529,"stem":153530,"__hash__":153531},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152114,"toc":153498},[152115,152120,152125,152128,152130,152209,152215,152220,152224,152239,152241,152288,152290,152298,152306,152312,152314,152319,152339,152342,152369,152371,152395,152397,152539,152541,152545,152553,152556,152558,152635,152637,152645,152649,152653,152663,152673,152675,152680,152682,152741,152746,152748,152848,152850,152864,152869,152875,152882,152885,152887,152997,153001,153018,153020,153083,153085,153093,153105,153109,153114,153142,153145,153227,153229,153240,153242,153246,153273,153275,153277,153357,153365,153367,153422,153424,153429,153432,153436,153440,153442,153446,153450,153458,153465,153468,153470,153495],[10,152116,147457,152118,18],{"id":152117},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152119,58740],{},[20,152121,152122,152124],{},[15,152123,148778],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152126,152127],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[131,152129,1775],{"id":1774},[46,152131,152133],{"className":48,"code":152132,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152134,152135,152175,152197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152136,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152138,12855],{"class":61},[55,152140,66],{"class":65},[55,152142,9016],{"class":91},[55,152144,228],{"class":69},[55,152146,12872],{"class":73},[55,152148,228],{"class":69},[55,152150,2764],{"class":91},[55,152152,70],{"class":69},[55,152154,705],{"class":73},[55,152156,228],{"class":69},[55,152158,2764],{"class":91},[55,152160,70],{"class":69},[55,152162,17232],{"class":73},[55,152164,228],{"class":69},[55,152166,2764],{"class":91},[55,152168,70],{"class":69},[55,152170,705],{"class":73},[55,152172,228],{"class":69},[55,152174,342],{"class":91},[55,152176,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,152178,64692],{"class":61},[55,152180,66],{"class":65},[55,152182,12902],{"class":61},[55,152184,92],{"class":91},[55,152186,35617],{"class":95},[55,152188,109],{"class":91},[55,152190,228],{"class":69},[55,152192,705],{"class":73},[55,152194,228],{"class":69},[55,152196,342],{"class":91},[55,152198,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,152200,106],{"class":105},[55,152202,109],{"class":91},[55,152204,64719],{"class":95},[55,152206,115],{"class":91},[55,152208,27552],{"class":118},[20,152210,152211,152214],{},[15,152212,152213],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[131,152216,134,152218,137],{"id":152217},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152219,148778],{},[20,152221,1750,152222,11193],{},[15,152223,58740],{},[30,152225,152226,152229,152231,152234],{},[33,152227,152228],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152230,128225],{},[33,152232,152233],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152235,152236,152237],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152238,1894],{},[20,152240,214],{},[46,152242,152244],{"className":48,"code":152243,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152245,152246,152270],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152247,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152249,3395],{"class":61},[55,152251,66],{"class":65},[55,152253,9016],{"class":91},[55,152255,2101],{"class":1210},[55,152257,2764],{"class":91},[55,152259,7574],{"class":1210},[55,152261,2764],{"class":91},[55,152263,7579],{"class":1210},[55,152265,2764],{"class":91},[55,152267,7574],{"class":1210},[55,152269,342],{"class":91},[55,152271,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,152273,106],{"class":105},[55,152275,109],{"class":91},[55,152277,3427],{"class":95},[55,152279,92],{"class":91},[55,152281,35617],{"class":95},[55,152283,109],{"class":91},[55,152285,15533],{"class":1210},[55,152287,1273],{"class":91},[20,152289,357],{},[46,152291,152292],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,152293,152294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152295,152296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152297,46687],{"class":1210},[20,152299,20756,152300,152302,152303,152305],{},[15,152301,15533],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152304,58740],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152307,150724,152308,92],{},[166,152309,152311],{"href":152310},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[131,152313,178],{"id":177},[20,152315,7546,152316,152318],{},[15,152317,58740],{}," in two ways:",[46,152320,152322],{"className":48,"code":152321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152323,152324],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152325,152326,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152327,152328],{"class":61},"tuple_name",[55,152330,92],{"class":91},[55,152332,35617],{"class":95},[55,152334,109],{"class":91},[55,152336,2245],{"class":95},[55,152338,342],{"class":91},[20,152340,152341],{},"or:",[46,152343,152345],{"className":48,"code":152344,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152346,152347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152348,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152350,152328],{"class":61},[55,152352,92],{"class":91},[55,152354,35617],{"class":95},[55,152356,109],{"class":91},[55,152358,2245],{"class":95},[55,152360,2764],{"class":91},[55,152362,35821],{"class":95},[55,152364,2764],{"class":91},[55,152366,64813],{"class":95},[55,152368,342],{"class":91},[1003,152370,17173],{"id":17172},[30,152372,152373,152378,152383,152388],{},[33,152374,152375,152377],{},[15,152376,2245],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152379,152380,152382],{},[15,152381,35842],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152384,152385,152387],{},[15,152386,52431],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152389,152390,4566,152392,152394],{},[15,152391,52431],{},[123,152393,64842],{}," in the search",[20,152396,214],{},[46,152398,152400],{"className":48,"code":152399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152401,152402,152450,152454,152479,152507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152403,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152405,35860],{"class":61},[55,152407,66],{"class":65},[55,152409,9016],{"class":91},[55,152411,228],{"class":69},[55,152413,166],{"class":73},[55,152415,228],{"class":69},[55,152417,2764],{"class":91},[55,152419,70],{"class":69},[55,152421,4543],{"class":73},[55,152423,228],{"class":69},[55,152425,2764],{"class":91},[55,152427,70],{"class":69},[55,152429,9520],{"class":73},[55,152431,228],{"class":69},[55,152433,2764],{"class":91},[55,152435,70],{"class":69},[55,152437,4543],{"class":73},[55,152439,228],{"class":69},[55,152441,2764],{"class":91},[55,152443,70],{"class":69},[55,152445,18545],{"class":73},[55,152447,228],{"class":69},[55,152449,342],{"class":91},[55,152451,152452],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,152453,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,152455,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,152457,106],{"class":105},[55,152459,109],{"class":91},[55,152461,35913],{"class":95},[55,152463,92],{"class":91},[55,152465,35617],{"class":95},[55,152467,109],{"class":91},[55,152469,228],{"class":69},[55,152471,4543],{"class":73},[55,152473,228],{"class":69},[55,152475,5145],{"class":91},[55,152477,152478],{"class":118},"        # 1\n",[55,152480,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,152482,106],{"class":105},[55,152484,109],{"class":91},[55,152486,35913],{"class":95},[55,152488,92],{"class":91},[55,152490,35617],{"class":95},[55,152492,109],{"class":91},[55,152494,228],{"class":69},[55,152496,4543],{"class":73},[55,152498,228],{"class":69},[55,152500,2764],{"class":91},[55,152502,2767],{"class":1210},[55,152504,5145],{"class":91},[55,152506,50690],{"class":118},[55,152508,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,152510,106],{"class":105},[55,152512,109],{"class":91},[55,152514,35913],{"class":95},[55,152516,92],{"class":91},[55,152518,35617],{"class":95},[55,152520,109],{"class":91},[55,152522,228],{"class":69},[55,152524,4543],{"class":73},[55,152526,228],{"class":69},[55,152528,2764],{"class":91},[55,152530,5282],{"class":1210},[55,152532,2764],{"class":91},[55,152534,2223],{"class":1210},[55,152536,5145],{"class":91},[55,152538,27552],{"class":118},[131,152540,103146],{"id":103145},[20,152542,152543,25283],{},[15,152544,148778],{},[30,152546,152547,152550],{},[33,152548,152549],{},"An integer",[33,152551,152552],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152554,152555],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152557,214],{},[46,152559,152561],{"className":48,"code":152560,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152562,152563,152603,152625],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152564,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152566,108245],{"class":61},[55,152568,66],{"class":65},[55,152570,9016],{"class":91},[55,152572,228],{"class":69},[55,152574,36818],{"class":73},[55,152576,228],{"class":69},[55,152578,2764],{"class":91},[55,152580,70],{"class":69},[55,152582,57899],{"class":73},[55,152584,228],{"class":69},[55,152586,2764],{"class":91},[55,152588,70],{"class":69},[55,152590,57916],{"class":73},[55,152592,228],{"class":69},[55,152594,2764],{"class":91},[55,152596,70],{"class":69},[55,152598,57899],{"class":73},[55,152600,228],{"class":69},[55,152602,342],{"class":91},[55,152604,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,152606,83],{"class":61},[55,152608,66],{"class":65},[55,152610,108288],{"class":61},[55,152612,92],{"class":91},[55,152614,35617],{"class":95},[55,152616,109],{"class":91},[55,152618,228],{"class":69},[55,152620,57899],{"class":73},[55,152622,228],{"class":69},[55,152624,342],{"class":91},[55,152626,152627,152629,152631,152633],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,152628,106],{"class":105},[55,152630,109],{"class":91},[55,152632,112],{"class":95},[55,152634,342],{"class":91},[20,152636,357],{},[46,152638,152639],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,152640,152641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152642,152643],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152644,46687],{"class":1210},[131,152646,152648],{"id":152647},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152650,1866,152651,10382],{},[15,152652,148778],{},[30,152654,152655,152657,152660],{},[33,152656,65871],{},[33,152658,152659],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,152661,152662],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152664,152665,152666,152669,152670,92],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152667,152668],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[166,152671,149246],{"href":152672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[131,152674,65403],{"id":65402},[20,152676,152677,152678,92],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152679,40477],{},[20,152681,214],{},[46,152683,152685],{"className":48,"code":152684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152686,152687,152719],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152688,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152690,12855],{"class":61},[55,152692,66],{"class":65},[55,152694,9016],{"class":91},[55,152696,228],{"class":69},[55,152698,12872],{"class":73},[55,152700,228],{"class":69},[55,152702,2764],{"class":91},[55,152704,70],{"class":69},[55,152706,705],{"class":73},[55,152708,228],{"class":69},[55,152710,2764],{"class":91},[55,152712,70],{"class":69},[55,152714,17232],{"class":73},[55,152716,228],{"class":69},[55,152718,342],{"class":91},[55,152720,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,152722,106],{"class":105},[55,152724,109],{"class":91},[55,152726,17279],{"class":95},[55,152728,92],{"class":91},[55,152730,35617],{"class":95},[55,152732,109],{"class":91},[55,152734,228],{"class":69},[55,152736,22300],{"class":73},[55,152738,228],{"class":69},[55,152740,1273],{"class":91},[20,152742,39426,152743,152745],{},[15,152744,109570],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152747,65478],{},[46,152749,152751],{"className":48,"code":152750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152752,152753,152785,152789,152805,152827,152833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152754,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152756,12855],{"class":61},[55,152758,66],{"class":65},[55,152760,9016],{"class":91},[55,152762,228],{"class":69},[55,152764,12872],{"class":73},[55,152766,228],{"class":69},[55,152768,2764],{"class":91},[55,152770,70],{"class":69},[55,152772,705],{"class":73},[55,152774,228],{"class":69},[55,152776,2764],{"class":91},[55,152778,70],{"class":69},[55,152780,17232],{"class":73},[55,152782,228],{"class":69},[55,152784,342],{"class":91},[55,152786,152787],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,152788,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,152790,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,152792,488],{"class":487},[55,152794,70],{"class":69},[55,152796,22300],{"class":73},[55,152798,228],{"class":69},[55,152800,784],{"class":65},[55,152802,12902],{"class":61},[55,152804,511],{"class":91},[55,152806,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,152808,516],{"class":105},[55,152810,109],{"class":91},[55,152812,17279],{"class":95},[55,152814,92],{"class":91},[55,152816,35617],{"class":95},[55,152818,109],{"class":91},[55,152820,228],{"class":69},[55,152822,22300],{"class":73},[55,152824,228],{"class":69},[55,152826,1273],{"class":91},[55,152828,152829,152831],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,152830,610],{"class":487},[55,152832,511],{"class":91},[55,152834,152835,152837,152839,152841,152844,152846],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,152836,516],{"class":105},[55,152838,109],{"class":91},[55,152840,228],{"class":69},[55,152842,152843],{"class":73},"Value not found",[55,152845,228],{"class":69},[55,152847,342],{"class":91},[20,152849,357],{},[46,152851,152853],{"className":48,"code":152852,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Value not found\n",[15,152854,152855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152856,152857,152860,152862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152858,152859],{"class":61},"Value ",[55,152861,902],{"class":65},[55,152863,65602],{"class":61},[20,152865,152866,152867,92],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[166,152868,65612],{"href":65611},[131,152870,1185,152871,1377,152873],{"id":65179},[15,152872,35842],{},[15,152874,52431],{},[20,152876,1750,152877,1377,152879,152881],{},[15,152878,35842],{},[15,152880,52431],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152883,152884],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152886,214],{},[46,152888,152890],{"className":48,"code":152889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152891,152892,152920,152924,152945,152969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152893,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152895,3601],{"class":61},[55,152897,66],{"class":65},[55,152899,9016],{"class":91},[55,152901,1911],{"class":1210},[55,152903,2764],{"class":91},[55,152905,5790],{"class":1210},[55,152907,2764],{"class":91},[55,152909,4388],{"class":1210},[55,152911,2764],{"class":91},[55,152913,7574],{"class":1210},[55,152915,2764],{"class":91},[55,152917,4388],{"class":1210},[55,152919,342],{"class":91},[55,152921,152922],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,152923,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,152925,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,152927,106],{"class":105},[55,152929,109],{"class":91},[55,152931,5142],{"class":95},[55,152933,92],{"class":91},[55,152935,35617],{"class":95},[55,152937,109],{"class":91},[55,152939,1911],{"class":1210},[55,152941,5145],{"class":91},[55,152943,152944],{"class":118},"        # 0\n",[55,152946,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,152948,106],{"class":105},[55,152950,109],{"class":91},[55,152952,5142],{"class":95},[55,152954,92],{"class":91},[55,152956,35617],{"class":95},[55,152958,109],{"class":91},[55,152960,1911],{"class":1210},[55,152962,2764],{"class":91},[55,152964,5282],{"class":1210},[55,152966,5145],{"class":91},[55,152968,50724],{"class":118},[55,152970,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,152972,106],{"class":105},[55,152974,109],{"class":91},[55,152976,5142],{"class":95},[55,152978,92],{"class":91},[55,152980,35617],{"class":95},[55,152982,109],{"class":91},[55,152984,1911],{"class":1210},[55,152986,2764],{"class":91},[55,152988,2223],{"class":1210},[55,152990,2764],{"class":91},[55,152992,4388],{"class":1210},[55,152994,5145],{"class":91},[55,152996,50707],{"class":118},[1003,152998,153000],{"id":152999},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153002,153003,153008,153013],{},[33,153004,153005,153007],{},[15,153006,35842],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153009,153010,153012],{},[15,153011,52431],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153014,1750,153015,153017],{},[15,153016,52431],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153019,214],{},[46,153021,153023],{"className":48,"code":153022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153024,153025,153053,153057],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153026,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153028,3601],{"class":61},[55,153030,66],{"class":65},[55,153032,9016],{"class":91},[55,153034,1911],{"class":1210},[55,153036,2764],{"class":91},[55,153038,5790],{"class":1210},[55,153040,2764],{"class":91},[55,153042,4388],{"class":1210},[55,153044,2764],{"class":91},[55,153046,7574],{"class":1210},[55,153048,2764],{"class":91},[55,153050,4388],{"class":1210},[55,153052,342],{"class":91},[55,153054,153055],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153056,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,153058,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153060,106],{"class":105},[55,153062,109],{"class":91},[55,153064,5142],{"class":95},[55,153066,92],{"class":91},[55,153068,35617],{"class":95},[55,153070,109],{"class":91},[55,153072,1911],{"class":1210},[55,153074,2764],{"class":91},[55,153076,5282],{"class":1210},[55,153078,2764],{"class":91},[55,153080,2229],{"class":1210},[55,153082,1273],{"class":91},[20,153084,357],{},[46,153086,153087],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,153088,153089],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153090,153091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153092,16834],{"class":1210},[20,153094,153095,153096,1963,153098,16850,153100,153102,153103,92],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153097,2761],{},[15,153099,1829],{},[15,153101,1835],{},", but not ",[15,153104,2277],{},[131,153106,153108],{"id":153107},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153110,153111,153112,539],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153113,148778],{},[30,153115,153116,153124,153129,153136],{},[33,153117,153118,153119,153121,153122],{},"Do not confuse the ",[123,153120,2245],{}," with the ",[123,153123,35617],{},[33,153125,153126,153127],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153128,1894],{},[33,153130,1866,153131,153135],{},[166,153132,148804,153133,1573],{"href":148856},[15,153134,57062],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153137,153138,153139,153141],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153140,152668],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153143,153144],{},"Example of value vs index:",[46,153146,153148],{"className":48,"code":153147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153149,153150,153182,153186,153210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153151,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153153,36009],{"class":61},[55,153155,66],{"class":65},[55,153157,9016],{"class":91},[55,153159,228],{"class":69},[55,153161,3860],{"class":73},[55,153163,228],{"class":69},[55,153165,2764],{"class":91},[55,153167,70],{"class":69},[55,153169,3869],{"class":73},[55,153171,228],{"class":69},[55,153173,2764],{"class":91},[55,153175,70],{"class":69},[55,153177,32994],{"class":73},[55,153179,228],{"class":69},[55,153181,342],{"class":91},[55,153183,153184],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153185,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,153187,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153189,106],{"class":105},[55,153191,109],{"class":91},[55,153193,36061],{"class":95},[55,153195,92],{"class":91},[55,153197,35617],{"class":95},[55,153199,109],{"class":91},[55,153201,228],{"class":69},[55,153203,3869],{"class":73},[55,153205,228],{"class":69},[55,153207,5145],{"class":91},[55,153209,27552],{"class":118},[55,153211,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,153213,106],{"class":105},[55,153215,109],{"class":91},[55,153217,36061],{"class":95},[55,153219,3680],{"class":91},[55,153221,2761],{"class":1210},[55,153223,20224],{"class":91},[55,153225,153226],{"class":118},"               # banana\n",[20,153228,1952],{},[30,153230,153231,153235],{},[33,153232,153233,15027],{},[15,153234,65047],{},[33,153236,153237,153239],{},[15,153238,2761],{}," is the index",[131,153241,1001],{"id":1000},[20,153243,105884,153244,539],{},[15,153245,148778],{},[30,153247,153248,153251,153256,153261,153268],{},[33,153249,153250],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153252,8235,153253,153255],{},[15,153254,58740],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153257,153258,153259],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153260,1894],{},[33,153262,153263,153264,1377,153266],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153265,35842],{},[15,153267,52431],{},[33,153269,36975,153270,153272],{},[15,153271,148778],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1003,153274,60483],{"id":60482},[20,153276,94148],{},[46,153278,153280],{"className":48,"code":153279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153281,153282,153292,153306,153321,153339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153283,153284,153286,153288,153290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153285,106],{"class":105},[55,153287,109],{"class":91},[55,153289,147591],{"class":95},[55,153291,342],{"class":91},[55,153293,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153295,106],{"class":105},[55,153297,109],{"class":91},[55,153299,10942],{"class":105},[55,153301,109],{"class":91},[55,153303,147591],{"class":95},[55,153305,1273],{"class":91},[55,153307,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153319],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153309,106],{"class":105},[55,153311,109],{"class":91},[55,153313,2218],{"class":95},[55,153315,3662],{"class":487},[55,153317,153318],{"class":95}," my_tuple",[55,153320,342],{"class":91},[55,153322,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,153324,106],{"class":105},[55,153326,109],{"class":91},[55,153328,147591],{"class":95},[55,153330,92],{"class":91},[55,153332,41033],{"class":95},[55,153334,109],{"class":91},[55,153336,2245],{"class":95},[55,153338,1273],{"class":91},[55,153340,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,153342,106],{"class":105},[55,153344,109],{"class":91},[55,153346,147591],{"class":95},[55,153348,92],{"class":91},[55,153350,35617],{"class":95},[55,153352,109],{"class":91},[55,153354,2245],{"class":95},[55,153356,1273],{"class":91},[20,153358,153359,153360,84169,153362,153364],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153361,40477],{},[15,153363,2245],{}," is missing.",[20,153366,129377],{},[46,153368,153370],{"className":48,"code":153369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153371,153372,153384,153402,153408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153373,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153375,488],{"class":487},[55,153377,21362],{"class":61},[55,153379,3662],{"class":65},[55,153381,153318],{"class":61},[55,153383,511],{"class":91},[55,153385,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153387,516],{"class":105},[55,153389,109],{"class":91},[55,153391,147591],{"class":95},[55,153393,92],{"class":91},[55,153395,35617],{"class":95},[55,153397,109],{"class":91},[55,153399,2245],{"class":95},[55,153401,1273],{"class":91},[55,153403,153404,153406],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153405,610],{"class":487},[55,153407,511],{"class":91},[55,153409,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,153411,516],{"class":105},[55,153413,109],{"class":91},[55,153415,228],{"class":69},[55,153417,152843],{"class":73},[55,153419,228],{"class":69},[55,153421,342],{"class":91},[131,153423,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,153425,1603,153427,1606],{"id":153426},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153428,148778],{},[20,153430,153431],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1003,153433,153435],{"id":153434},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153437,153438,152305],{},[15,153439,148778],{},[1003,153441,148757],{"id":148756},[20,153443,76631,153444,92],{},[15,153445,40477],{},[1003,153447,153449],{"id":153448},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153451,153452,153453,1377,153455,153457],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153454,35842],{},[15,153456,52431],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1003,153459,14683,153461,56977,153463,1631],{"id":153460},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153462,148778],{},[15,153464,64638],{},[20,153466,153467],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[131,153469,1643],{"id":1642},[30,153471,153472,153478,153482,153487,153491],{},[33,153473,153474],{},[166,153475,148804,153476,1573],{"href":148856},[15,153477,57062],{},[33,153479,153480],{},[166,153481,149246],{"href":152672},[33,153483,153484],{},[166,153485,153486],{"href":150552},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153488,153489],{},[166,153490,65612],{"href":65611},[33,153492,153493],{},[166,153494,150500],{"href":152310},[1696,153496,153497],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":153499},[153500,153501,153503,153506,153507,153508,153509,153512,153513,153516,153525],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":152217,"depth":80,"text":153502},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178,"children":153504},[153505],{"id":17172,"depth":102,"text":17173},{"id":103145,"depth":80,"text":103146},{"id":152647,"depth":80,"text":152648},{"id":65402,"depth":80,"text":65403},{"id":65179,"depth":80,"text":65962,"children":153510},[153511],{"id":152999,"depth":102,"text":153000},{"id":153107,"depth":80,"text":153108},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001,"children":153514},[153515],{"id":60482,"depth":102,"text":60483},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":153517},[153518,153520,153521,153522,153523],{"id":153426,"depth":102,"text":153519},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153434,"depth":102,"text":153435},{"id":148756,"depth":102,"text":148757},{"id":153448,"depth":102,"text":153449},{"id":153460,"depth":102,"text":153524},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152112,"description":153526},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153533,"title":153534,"body":153535,"description":154930,"extension":1733,"meta":154931,"navigation":248,"path":152672,"seo":154932,"stem":154933,"__hash__":154934},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153536,"toc":154912},[153537,153540,153543,153546,153560,153562,153565,153659,153669,153675,153679,153682,153685,153687,153705,153707,153778,153780,153797,153801,153805,153808,153825,153828,153843,153845,153936,153939,153943,153946,153963,153965,154060,154063,154066,154070,154073,154167,154169,154188,154191,154195,154198,154200,154255,154257,154292,154295,154309,154317,154410,154419,154423,154426,154433,154436,154483,154485,154493,154496,154547,154549,154566,154571,154575,154578,154581,154583,154634,154637,154692,154695,154698,154700,154703,154723,154725,154798,154801,154814,154816,154820,154825,154829,154834,154851,154855,154858,154875,154879,154882,154884,154909],[10,153538,153534],{"id":153539},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153541,153542],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153544,153545],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153547,153548,153551,153554,153557],{},[33,153549,153550],{},"positive indexes",[33,153552,153553],{},"negative indexes",[33,153555,153556],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153558,153559],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[131,153561,3385],{"id":3384},[20,153563,153564],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[46,153566,153568],{"className":48,"code":153567,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153569,153570,153602,153606,153623,153640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153571,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153573,12855],{"class":61},[55,153575,66],{"class":65},[55,153577,9016],{"class":91},[55,153579,228],{"class":69},[55,153581,12872],{"class":73},[55,153583,228],{"class":69},[55,153585,2764],{"class":91},[55,153587,70],{"class":69},[55,153589,17232],{"class":73},[55,153591,228],{"class":69},[55,153593,2764],{"class":91},[55,153595,70],{"class":69},[55,153597,705],{"class":73},[55,153599,228],{"class":69},[55,153601,342],{"class":91},[55,153603,153604],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153605,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,153607,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153609,106],{"class":105},[55,153611,109],{"class":91},[55,153613,17279],{"class":95},[55,153615,3680],{"class":91},[55,153617,1894],{"class":1210},[55,153619,20224],{"class":91},[55,153621,153622],{"class":118},"   # red\n",[55,153624,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,153626,106],{"class":105},[55,153628,109],{"class":91},[55,153630,17279],{"class":95},[55,153632,3680],{"class":91},[55,153634,2761],{"class":1210},[55,153636,20224],{"class":91},[55,153638,153639],{"class":118},"   # green\n",[55,153641,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,153643,106],{"class":105},[55,153645,109],{"class":91},[55,153647,17279],{"class":95},[55,153649,3680],{"class":91},[55,153651,1794],{"class":65},[55,153653,2761],{"class":1210},[55,153655,20224],{"class":91},[55,153657,153658],{"class":118},"  # blue\n",[30,153660,153661,153666],{},[33,153662,132164,153663,153665],{},[15,153664,1894],{}," is the first item.",[33,153667,153668],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153670,153671,153672,92],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[166,153673,153674],{"href":147576},"how to create a tuple in Python",[131,153676,153678],{"id":153677},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153680,153681],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153683,153684],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153686,11239],{},[30,153688,153689,153692,153699,153702],{},[33,153690,153691],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,153693,153694,153695,18741,153697],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153696,1894],{},[15,153698,2761],{},[33,153700,153701],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,153703,153704],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153706,214],{},[46,153708,153710],{"className":48,"code":153709,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153711,153712,153732,153736,153750,153764],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153713,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153715,3395],{"class":61},[55,153717,66],{"class":65},[55,153719,9016],{"class":91},[55,153721,2101],{"class":1210},[55,153723,2764],{"class":91},[55,153725,7574],{"class":1210},[55,153727,2764],{"class":91},[55,153729,7579],{"class":1210},[55,153731,342],{"class":91},[55,153733,153734],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153735,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,153737,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153739,106],{"class":105},[55,153741,109],{"class":91},[55,153743,3427],{"class":95},[55,153745,3680],{"class":91},[55,153747,1894],{"class":1210},[55,153749,3668],{"class":91},[55,153751,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,153753,106],{"class":105},[55,153755,109],{"class":91},[55,153757,3427],{"class":95},[55,153759,3680],{"class":91},[55,153761,2761],{"class":1210},[55,153763,3668],{"class":91},[55,153765,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,153767,106],{"class":105},[55,153769,109],{"class":91},[55,153771,3427],{"class":95},[55,153773,3680],{"class":91},[55,153775,1829],{"class":1210},[55,153777,3668],{"class":91},[20,153779,357],{},[46,153781,153783],{"className":48,"code":153782,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153784,153785,153789,153793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153786,153787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153788,2147],{"class":1210},[55,153790,153791],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153792,70997],{"class":1210},[55,153794,153795],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153796,69613],{"class":1210},[20,153798,59165,153799,92],{},[166,153800,147573],{"href":147572},[131,153802,153804],{"id":153803},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153806,153807],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,153809,153810,153815,153820],{},[33,153811,153812,153814],{},[15,153813,1894],{}," = first item",[33,153816,153817,153819],{},[15,153818,2761],{}," = second item",[33,153821,153822,153824],{},[15,153823,1829],{}," = third item",[20,153826,153827],{},"Pattern:",[46,153829,153831],{"className":48,"code":153830,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153832,153833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153834,153835,153837,153839,153841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153836,152328],{"class":61},[55,153838,3680],{"class":91},[55,153840,35617],{"class":61},[55,153842,3413],{"class":91},[20,153844,214],{},[46,153846,153848],{"className":48,"code":153847,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153849,153850,153882,153886,153903,153919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153851,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153853,36009],{"class":61},[55,153855,66],{"class":65},[55,153857,9016],{"class":91},[55,153859,228],{"class":69},[55,153861,3860],{"class":73},[55,153863,228],{"class":69},[55,153865,2764],{"class":91},[55,153867,70],{"class":69},[55,153869,3869],{"class":73},[55,153871,228],{"class":69},[55,153873,2764],{"class":91},[55,153875,70],{"class":69},[55,153877,3878],{"class":73},[55,153879,228],{"class":69},[55,153881,342],{"class":91},[55,153883,153884],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,153885,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,153887,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,153889,106],{"class":105},[55,153891,109],{"class":91},[55,153893,36061],{"class":95},[55,153895,3680],{"class":91},[55,153897,1894],{"class":1210},[55,153899,20224],{"class":91},[55,153901,153902],{"class":118},"  # apple\n",[55,153904,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,153906,106],{"class":105},[55,153908,109],{"class":91},[55,153910,36061],{"class":95},[55,153912,3680],{"class":91},[55,153914,2761],{"class":1210},[55,153916,20224],{"class":91},[55,153918,51256],{"class":118},[55,153920,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,153922,106],{"class":105},[55,153924,109],{"class":91},[55,153926,36061],{"class":95},[55,153928,3680],{"class":91},[55,153930,1829],{"class":1210},[55,153932,20224],{"class":91},[55,153934,153935],{"class":118},"  # cherry\n",[20,153937,153938],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[131,153940,153942],{"id":153941},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153944,153945],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,153947,153948,153953,153958],{},[33,153949,153950,153952],{},[15,153951,65627],{}," = last item",[33,153954,153955,153957],{},[15,153956,95178],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,153959,153960,153962],{},[15,153961,47441],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153964,214],{},[46,153966,153968],{"className":48,"code":153967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153969,153970,154002,154006,154024,154042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153971,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153973,36009],{"class":61},[55,153975,66],{"class":65},[55,153977,9016],{"class":91},[55,153979,228],{"class":69},[55,153981,3860],{"class":73},[55,153983,228],{"class":69},[55,153985,2764],{"class":91},[55,153987,70],{"class":69},[55,153989,3869],{"class":73},[55,153991,228],{"class":69},[55,153993,2764],{"class":91},[55,153995,70],{"class":69},[55,153997,3878],{"class":73},[55,153999,228],{"class":69},[55,154001,342],{"class":91},[55,154003,154004],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154005,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,154007,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018,154020,154022],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154009,106],{"class":105},[55,154011,109],{"class":91},[55,154013,36061],{"class":95},[55,154015,3680],{"class":91},[55,154017,1794],{"class":65},[55,154019,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154021,20224],{"class":91},[55,154023,153935],{"class":118},[55,154025,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,154027,106],{"class":105},[55,154029,109],{"class":91},[55,154031,36061],{"class":95},[55,154033,3680],{"class":91},[55,154035,1794],{"class":65},[55,154037,1829],{"class":1210},[55,154039,20224],{"class":91},[55,154041,51256],{"class":118},[55,154043,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,154045,106],{"class":105},[55,154047,109],{"class":91},[55,154049,36061],{"class":95},[55,154051,3680],{"class":91},[55,154053,1794],{"class":65},[55,154055,1835],{"class":1210},[55,154057,20224],{"class":91},[55,154059,153902],{"class":118},[20,154061,154062],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154064,154065],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[131,154067,154069],{"id":154068},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154071,154072],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[46,154074,154076],{"className":48,"code":154075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154077,154078,154110,154114,154131,154148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154079,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154081,4778],{"class":61},[55,154083,66],{"class":65},[55,154085,9016],{"class":91},[55,154087,228],{"class":69},[55,154089,12660],{"class":73},[55,154091,228],{"class":69},[55,154093,2764],{"class":91},[55,154095,70],{"class":69},[55,154097,35711],{"class":73},[55,154099,228],{"class":69},[55,154101,2764],{"class":91},[55,154103,70],{"class":69},[55,154105,35720],{"class":73},[55,154107,228],{"class":69},[55,154109,342],{"class":91},[55,154111,154112],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154113,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,154115,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154117,106],{"class":105},[55,154119,109],{"class":91},[55,154121,4822],{"class":95},[55,154123,3680],{"class":91},[55,154125,1894],{"class":1210},[55,154127,20224],{"class":91},[55,154129,154130],{"class":118},"   # first item\n",[55,154132,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,154134,106],{"class":105},[55,154136,109],{"class":91},[55,154138,4822],{"class":95},[55,154140,3680],{"class":91},[55,154142,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154144,20224],{"class":91},[55,154146,154147],{"class":118},"   # middle item\n",[55,154149,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,154151,106],{"class":105},[55,154153,109],{"class":91},[55,154155,4822],{"class":95},[55,154157,3680],{"class":91},[55,154159,1794],{"class":65},[55,154161,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154163,20224],{"class":91},[55,154165,154166],{"class":118},"  # last item\n",[20,154168,357],{},[46,154170,154172],{"className":48,"code":154171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154173,154174,154178,154183],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154175,154176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154177,49811],{"class":61},[55,154179,154180],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154181,154182],{"class":61},"Ben\n",[55,154184,154185],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154186,154187],{"class":61},"Cara\n",[20,154189,154190],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[131,154192,154194],{"id":154193},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154196,154197],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154199,214],{},[46,154201,154203],{"className":48,"code":154202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154204,154205,154237,154241],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154206,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154208,35860],{"class":61},[55,154210,66],{"class":65},[55,154212,9016],{"class":91},[55,154214,228],{"class":69},[55,154216,166],{"class":73},[55,154218,228],{"class":69},[55,154220,2764],{"class":91},[55,154222,70],{"class":69},[55,154224,4543],{"class":73},[55,154226,228],{"class":69},[55,154228,2764],{"class":91},[55,154230,70],{"class":69},[55,154232,9520],{"class":73},[55,154234,228],{"class":69},[55,154236,342],{"class":91},[55,154238,154239],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154240,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,154242,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154244,106],{"class":105},[55,154246,109],{"class":91},[55,154248,35913],{"class":95},[55,154250,3680],{"class":91},[55,154252,1911],{"class":1210},[55,154254,3668],{"class":91},[20,154256,357],{},[46,154258,154260],{"className":48,"code":154259,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154261,154262,154274,154279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154263,154264,154267,154269,154272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154265,154266],{"class":95},"Traceback ",[55,154268,109],{"class":91},[55,154270,154271],{"class":95},"most recent call last",[55,154273,8124],{"class":91},[55,154275,154276],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154277,154278],{"class":375},"  ...\n",[55,154280,154281,154283,154285,154287,154290],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154282,70504],{"class":1265},[55,154284,539],{"class":91},[55,154286,148939],{"class":1265},[55,154288,154289],{"class":61}," index out of ",[55,154291,70696],{"class":105},[20,154293,154294],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154296,154297,154301,154305],{},[33,154298,154299],{},[15,154300,1894],{},[33,154302,154303],{},[15,154304,2761],{},[33,154306,154307],{},[15,154308,1829],{},[20,154310,154311,154312,92],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[166,154313,154314,154316],{"href":148811},[15,154315,42134],{}," on a tuple",[46,154318,154320],{"className":48,"code":154319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154321,154322,154354,154358,154374,154378,154396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154323,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154325,35860],{"class":61},[55,154327,66],{"class":65},[55,154329,9016],{"class":91},[55,154331,228],{"class":69},[55,154333,166],{"class":73},[55,154335,228],{"class":69},[55,154337,2764],{"class":91},[55,154339,70],{"class":69},[55,154341,4543],{"class":73},[55,154343,228],{"class":69},[55,154345,2764],{"class":91},[55,154347,70],{"class":69},[55,154349,9520],{"class":73},[55,154351,228],{"class":69},[55,154353,342],{"class":91},[55,154355,154356],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154357,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,154359,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154361,106],{"class":105},[55,154363,109],{"class":91},[55,154365,10942],{"class":105},[55,154367,109],{"class":91},[55,154369,35913],{"class":95},[55,154371,5145],{"class":91},[55,154373,50542],{"class":118},[55,154375,154376],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,154377,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,154379,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,154381,488],{"class":487},[55,154383,38158],{"class":105},[55,154385,109],{"class":91},[55,154387,35913],{"class":95},[55,154389,115],{"class":91},[55,154391,38168],{"class":65},[55,154393,2767],{"class":1210},[55,154395,511],{"class":91},[55,154397,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,154399,516],{"class":105},[55,154401,109],{"class":91},[55,154403,35913],{"class":95},[55,154405,3680],{"class":91},[55,154407,1829],{"class":1210},[55,154409,3668],{"class":91},[20,154411,154412,154413,92],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[166,154414,25454,154416],{"href":154415},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154417,154418],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[131,154420,154422],{"id":154421},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154424,154425],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154427,154428,154430],{},[33,154429,76648],{},[33,154431,154432],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154434,154435],{},"Indexing example:",[46,154437,154439],{"className":48,"code":154438,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154440,154441,154465,154469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154442,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154444,3395],{"class":61},[55,154446,66],{"class":65},[55,154448,9016],{"class":91},[55,154450,2101],{"class":1210},[55,154452,2764],{"class":91},[55,154454,7574],{"class":1210},[55,154456,2764],{"class":91},[55,154458,7579],{"class":1210},[55,154460,2764],{"class":91},[55,154462,50615],{"class":1210},[55,154464,342],{"class":91},[55,154466,154467],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154468,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,154470,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154472,106],{"class":105},[55,154474,109],{"class":91},[55,154476,3427],{"class":95},[55,154478,3680],{"class":91},[55,154480,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154482,3668],{"class":91},[20,154484,357],{},[46,154486,154487],{"className":48,"code":70997,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,154488,154489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154490,154491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154492,70997],{"class":1210},[20,154494,154495],{},"Slicing example:",[46,154497,154499],{"className":48,"code":154498,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154500,154501,154525,154529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154502,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154504,3395],{"class":61},[55,154506,66],{"class":65},[55,154508,9016],{"class":91},[55,154510,2101],{"class":1210},[55,154512,2764],{"class":91},[55,154514,7574],{"class":1210},[55,154516,2764],{"class":91},[55,154518,7579],{"class":1210},[55,154520,2764],{"class":91},[55,154522,50615],{"class":1210},[55,154524,342],{"class":91},[55,154526,154527],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154528,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,154530,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543,154545],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154532,106],{"class":105},[55,154534,109],{"class":91},[55,154536,3427],{"class":95},[55,154538,3680],{"class":91},[55,154540,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154542,539],{"class":91},[55,154544,1835],{"class":1210},[55,154546,3668],{"class":91},[20,154548,357],{},[46,154550,154552],{"className":48,"code":154551,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154553,154554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154555,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154557,109],{"class":91},[55,154559,15533],{"class":1210},[55,154561,2764],{"class":91},[55,154563,7579],{"class":1210},[55,154565,342],{"class":91},[20,154567,154568,154569,92],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[166,154570,150490],{"href":150489},[131,154572,154574],{"id":154573},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154576,154577],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154579,154580],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154582,6474],{},[46,154584,154586],{"className":48,"code":154585,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154587,154588,154620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154589,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154591,12855],{"class":61},[55,154593,66],{"class":65},[55,154595,9016],{"class":91},[55,154597,228],{"class":69},[55,154599,12872],{"class":73},[55,154601,228],{"class":69},[55,154603,2764],{"class":91},[55,154605,70],{"class":69},[55,154607,17232],{"class":73},[55,154609,228],{"class":69},[55,154611,2764],{"class":91},[55,154613,70],{"class":69},[55,154615,705],{"class":73},[55,154617,228],{"class":69},[55,154619,342],{"class":91},[55,154621,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154623,106],{"class":105},[55,154625,109],{"class":91},[55,154627,17279],{"class":95},[55,154629,3680],{"class":91},[55,154631,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154633,3668],{"class":91},[20,154635,154636],{},"But this does not work:",[46,154638,154640],{"className":48,"code":154639,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154641,154642,154674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154643,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154645,12855],{"class":61},[55,154647,66],{"class":65},[55,154649,9016],{"class":91},[55,154651,228],{"class":69},[55,154653,12872],{"class":73},[55,154655,228],{"class":69},[55,154657,2764],{"class":91},[55,154659,70],{"class":69},[55,154661,17232],{"class":73},[55,154663,228],{"class":69},[55,154665,2764],{"class":91},[55,154667,70],{"class":69},[55,154669,705],{"class":73},[55,154671,228],{"class":69},[55,154673,342],{"class":91},[55,154675,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154677,17279],{"class":61},[55,154679,3680],{"class":91},[55,154681,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154683,13052],{"class":91},[55,154685,13055],{"class":65},[55,154687,70],{"class":69},[55,154689,22300],{"class":73},[55,154691,77],{"class":69},[20,154693,154694],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154696,154697],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[131,154699,1001],{"id":1000},[20,154701,154702],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,154704,154705,154711,154714,154717],{},[33,154706,132468,154707,1012,154709],{},[15,154708,2761],{},[15,154710,1894],{},[33,154712,154713],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,154715,154716],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,154718,154719,154720],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154721,154722],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154724,62067],{},[46,154726,154728],{"className":48,"code":154727,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154729,154730,154740,154754,154768,154784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154731,154732,154734,154736,154738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154733,106],{"class":105},[55,154735,109],{"class":91},[55,154737,147591],{"class":95},[55,154739,342],{"class":91},[55,154741,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154743,106],{"class":105},[55,154745,109],{"class":91},[55,154747,10942],{"class":105},[55,154749,109],{"class":91},[55,154751,147591],{"class":95},[55,154753,1273],{"class":91},[55,154755,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,154757,106],{"class":105},[55,154759,109],{"class":91},[55,154761,147591],{"class":95},[55,154763,3680],{"class":91},[55,154765,1894],{"class":1210},[55,154767,3668],{"class":91},[55,154769,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,154771,106],{"class":105},[55,154773,109],{"class":91},[55,154775,147591],{"class":95},[55,154777,3680],{"class":91},[55,154779,1794],{"class":65},[55,154781,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154783,3668],{"class":91},[55,154785,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,154787,106],{"class":105},[55,154789,109],{"class":91},[55,154791,1266],{"class":1265},[55,154793,109],{"class":91},[55,154795,147591],{"class":95},[55,154797,1273],{"class":91},[20,154799,154800],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,154802,154803,154806,154808,154811],{},[33,154804,154805],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,154807,60557],{},[33,154809,154810],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,154812,154813],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[131,154815,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,154817,154819],{"id":154818},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154821,154822,154823,92],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154824,1894],{},[1003,154826,154828],{"id":154827},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154830,1866,154831,154833],{},[15,154832,65627],{}," as the index:",[46,154835,154837],{"className":48,"code":154836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154838,154839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154840,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154842,147591],{"class":61},[55,154844,3680],{"class":91},[55,154846,1794],{"class":65},[55,154848,2761],{"class":1210},[55,154850,3413],{"class":91},[1003,154852,154854],{"id":154853},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154856,154857],{},"Python raises:",[46,154859,154861],{"className":48,"code":154860,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154862,154863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154864,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154866,70504],{"class":1265},[55,154868,539],{"class":91},[55,154870,148939],{"class":1265},[55,154872,154289],{"class":61},[55,154874,70696],{"class":105},[1003,154876,154878],{"id":154877},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154880,154881],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[131,154883,1643],{"id":1642},[30,154885,154886,154891,154895,154899,154905],{},[33,154887,154888],{},[166,154889,154890],{"href":147576},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,154892,154893],{},[166,154894,150490],{"href":150489},[33,154896,154897],{},[166,154898,150495],{"href":148811},[33,154900,154901],{},[166,154902,25895,154903],{"href":154415},[15,154904,154418],{},[33,154906,154907],{},[166,154908,147573],{"href":147572},[1696,154910,154911],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":154913},[154914,154915,154916,154917,154918,154919,154920,154921,154922,154923,154929],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":153677,"depth":80,"text":153678},{"id":153803,"depth":80,"text":153804},{"id":153941,"depth":80,"text":153942},{"id":154068,"depth":80,"text":154069},{"id":154193,"depth":80,"text":154194},{"id":154421,"depth":80,"text":154422},{"id":154573,"depth":80,"text":154574},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":154924},[154925,154926,154927,154928],{"id":154818,"depth":102,"text":154819},{"id":154827,"depth":102,"text":154828},{"id":154853,"depth":102,"text":154854},{"id":154877,"depth":102,"text":154878},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153534,"description":154930},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154936,"title":154937,"body":154938,"description":156827,"extension":1733,"meta":156828,"navigation":248,"path":156829,"seo":156830,"stem":156831,"__hash__":156832},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154939,"toc":156784},[154940,154946,154951,155002,155006,155014,155020,155022,155038,155040,155043,155058,155060,155073,155075,155132,155136,155144,155151,155157,155163,155167,155218,155222,155230,155234,155263,155267,155275,155279,155312,155316,155324,155328,155331,155382,155386,155394,155396,155413,155417,155421,155480,155484,155492,155495,155522,155526,155534,155538,155544,155619,155623,155660,155668,155672,155735,155739,155747,155752,155756,155762,155805,155809,155817,155823,155826,155873,155877,155885,155894,155900,155955,155959,155967,155970,155974,155976,156007,156011,156030,156033,156078,156082,156105,156111,156116,156118,156165,156170,156173,156221,156225,156233,156237,156242,156246,156296,156300,156315,156319,156377,156381,156396,156400,156471,156475,156484,156488,156567,156571,156593,156601,156603,156606,156631,156633,156686,156688,156705,156707,156711,156717,156722,156727,156731,156736,156740,156745,156751,156754,156756,156781],[10,154941,154943,154944,115],{"id":154942},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154945,10942],{},[20,154947,1866,154948,154950],{},[15,154949,42134],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[46,154952,154954],{"className":48,"code":154953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154955,154956,154988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154957,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154959,12855],{"class":61},[55,154961,66],{"class":65},[55,154963,9016],{"class":91},[55,154965,228],{"class":69},[55,154967,12872],{"class":73},[55,154969,228],{"class":69},[55,154971,2764],{"class":91},[55,154973,70],{"class":69},[55,154975,17232],{"class":73},[55,154977,228],{"class":69},[55,154979,2764],{"class":91},[55,154981,70],{"class":69},[55,154983,705],{"class":73},[55,154985,228],{"class":69},[55,154987,342],{"class":91},[55,154989,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,154991,106],{"class":105},[55,154993,109],{"class":91},[55,154995,10942],{"class":105},[55,154997,109],{"class":91},[55,154999,17279],{"class":95},[55,155001,1273],{"class":91},[20,155003,155004],{},[123,155005,357],{},[46,155007,155008],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155009,155010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155011,155012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155013,46387],{"class":1210},[20,155015,1866,155016,155019],{},[15,155017,155018],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[131,155021,14943],{"id":14942},[30,155023,155024,155029,155033,155036],{},[33,155025,3980,155026,155028],{},[15,155027,42134],{}," works with tuples",[33,155030,68031,155031,11485],{},[15,155032,42134],{},[33,155034,155035],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155037,4301],{},[131,155039,178],{"id":177},[20,155041,155042],{},"Use this pattern:",[46,155044,155046],{"className":48,"code":155045,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155047,155048],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155049,155050,155052,155054,155056],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155051,10942],{"class":105},[55,155053,109],{"class":91},[55,155055,147591],{"class":95},[55,155057,342],{"class":91},[20,155059,11239],{},[30,155061,155062,155065,155068],{},[33,155063,155064],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155066,155067],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155069,155070,155072],{},[15,155071,42134],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155074,214],{},[46,155076,155078],{"className":48,"code":155077,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155079,155080,155104,155118,155122],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155081,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155083,3395],{"class":61},[55,155085,66],{"class":65},[55,155087,9016],{"class":91},[55,155089,2101],{"class":1210},[55,155091,2764],{"class":91},[55,155093,7574],{"class":1210},[55,155095,2764],{"class":91},[55,155097,7579],{"class":1210},[55,155099,2764],{"class":91},[55,155101,50615],{"class":1210},[55,155103,342],{"class":91},[55,155105,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155107,41015],{"class":61},[55,155109,66],{"class":65},[55,155111,38158],{"class":105},[55,155113,109],{"class":91},[55,155115,3427],{"class":95},[55,155117,342],{"class":91},[55,155119,155120],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,155121,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,155123,155124,155126,155128,155130],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,155125,106],{"class":105},[55,155127,109],{"class":91},[55,155129,41033],{"class":95},[55,155131,342],{"class":91},[20,155133,155134],{},[123,155135,357],{},[46,155137,155138],{"className":48,"code":48421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155139,155140],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155141,155142],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155143,48421],{"class":1210},[20,155145,155146,155147,92],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[166,155148,1686,155149,1689],{"href":42131},[15,155150,42134],{},[131,155152,134,155154,155156],{"id":155153},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155155,42134],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155158,155159,155160,155162],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155161,42134],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1003,155164,155166],{"id":155165},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[46,155168,155170],{"className":48,"code":155169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155171,155172,155204],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155173,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155175,36009],{"class":61},[55,155177,66],{"class":65},[55,155179,9016],{"class":91},[55,155181,228],{"class":69},[55,155183,3860],{"class":73},[55,155185,228],{"class":69},[55,155187,2764],{"class":91},[55,155189,70],{"class":69},[55,155191,3869],{"class":73},[55,155193,228],{"class":69},[55,155195,2764],{"class":91},[55,155197,70],{"class":69},[55,155199,32994],{"class":73},[55,155201,228],{"class":69},[55,155203,342],{"class":91},[55,155205,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155207,106],{"class":105},[55,155209,109],{"class":91},[55,155211,10942],{"class":105},[55,155213,109],{"class":91},[55,155215,36061],{"class":95},[55,155217,1273],{"class":91},[20,155219,155220],{},[123,155221,357],{},[46,155223,155224],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155225,155226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155227,155228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155229,46387],{"class":1210},[1003,155231,155233],{"id":155232},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[46,155235,155237],{"className":48,"code":155236,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155238,155239,155248],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155240,155241,155244,155246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155242,155243],{"class":61},"empty_tuple ",[55,155245,66],{"class":65},[55,155247,148915],{"class":91},[55,155249,155250,155252,155254,155256,155258,155261],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155251,106],{"class":105},[55,155253,109],{"class":91},[55,155255,10942],{"class":105},[55,155257,109],{"class":91},[55,155259,155260],{"class":95},"empty_tuple",[55,155262,1273],{"class":91},[20,155264,155265],{},[123,155266,357],{},[46,155268,155269],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155270,155271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155272,155273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155274,47022],{"class":1210},[1003,155276,155278],{"id":155277},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[46,155280,155282],{"className":48,"code":155281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155283,155284,155297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155285,155286,155289,155291,155293,155295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155287,155288],{"class":61},"single_value ",[55,155290,66],{"class":65},[55,155292,9016],{"class":91},[55,155294,1911],{"class":1210},[55,155296,148929],{"class":91},[55,155298,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155310],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155300,106],{"class":105},[55,155302,109],{"class":91},[55,155304,10942],{"class":105},[55,155306,109],{"class":91},[55,155308,155309],{"class":95},"single_value",[55,155311,1273],{"class":91},[20,155313,155314],{},[123,155315,357],{},[46,155317,155318],{"className":48,"code":46687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155319,155320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155321,155322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155323,46687],{"class":1210},[1003,155325,155327],{"id":155326},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155329,155330],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[46,155332,155334],{"className":48,"code":155333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155335,155336,155368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155337,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155339,8945],{"class":61},[55,155341,66],{"class":65},[55,155343,9016],{"class":91},[55,155345,2761],{"class":1210},[55,155347,2764],{"class":91},[55,155349,9016],{"class":91},[55,155351,1829],{"class":1210},[55,155353,2764],{"class":91},[55,155355,2223],{"class":1210},[55,155357,9013],{"class":91},[55,155359,3400],{"class":91},[55,155361,2277],{"class":1210},[55,155363,2764],{"class":91},[55,155365,4388],{"class":1210},[55,155367,3668],{"class":91},[55,155369,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155371,106],{"class":105},[55,155373,109],{"class":91},[55,155375,10942],{"class":105},[55,155377,109],{"class":91},[55,155379,8984],{"class":95},[55,155381,1273],{"class":91},[20,155383,155384],{},[123,155385,357],{},[46,155387,155388],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155389,155390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155391,155392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155393,46387],{"class":1210},[20,155395,19735],{},[30,155397,155398,155403,155408],{},[33,155399,155400,155402],{},[15,155401,2761],{}," is one item",[33,155404,155405,155402],{},[15,155406,155407],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155409,155410,155402],{},[15,155411,155412],{},"[4, 5]",[131,155414,155416],{"id":155415},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1003,155418,155420],{"id":155419},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[46,155422,155424],{"className":48,"code":155423,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155425,155426,155466],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155427,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155429,12855],{"class":61},[55,155431,66],{"class":65},[55,155433,9016],{"class":91},[55,155435,228],{"class":69},[55,155437,12872],{"class":73},[55,155439,228],{"class":69},[55,155441,2764],{"class":91},[55,155443,70],{"class":69},[55,155445,17232],{"class":73},[55,155447,228],{"class":69},[55,155449,2764],{"class":91},[55,155451,70],{"class":69},[55,155453,705],{"class":73},[55,155455,228],{"class":69},[55,155457,2764],{"class":91},[55,155459,70],{"class":69},[55,155461,22300],{"class":73},[55,155463,228],{"class":69},[55,155465,342],{"class":91},[55,155467,155468,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155469,106],{"class":105},[55,155471,109],{"class":91},[55,155473,10942],{"class":105},[55,155475,109],{"class":91},[55,155477,17279],{"class":95},[55,155479,1273],{"class":91},[20,155481,155482],{},[123,155483,357],{},[46,155485,155486],{"className":48,"code":48421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155487,155488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155489,155490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155491,48421],{"class":1210},[1003,155493,155233],{"id":155494},"empty-tuple-1",[46,155496,155498],{"className":48,"code":155497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155499,155500,155508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155501,155502,155504,155506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155503,7563],{"class":61},[55,155505,66],{"class":65},[55,155507,148915],{"class":91},[55,155509,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155511,106],{"class":105},[55,155513,109],{"class":91},[55,155515,10942],{"class":105},[55,155517,109],{"class":91},[55,155519,7594],{"class":95},[55,155521,1273],{"class":91},[20,155523,155524],{},[123,155525,357],{},[46,155527,155528],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155529,155530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155531,155532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155533,47022],{"class":1210},[1003,155535,155537],{"id":155536},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155539,155540,155541,155543],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[123,155542,902],{}," always a tuple.",[46,155545,155547],{"className":48,"code":155546,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155548,155549,155561,155573,155577,155591,155605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155550,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155552,2327],{"class":61},[55,155554,66],{"class":65},[55,155556,9016],{"class":91},[55,155558,1911],{"class":1210},[55,155560,342],{"class":91},[55,155562,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155564,2355],{"class":61},[55,155566,66],{"class":65},[55,155568,9016],{"class":91},[55,155570,1911],{"class":1210},[55,155572,148929],{"class":91},[55,155574,155575],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,155576,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,155578,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,155580,106],{"class":105},[55,155582,109],{"class":91},[55,155584,1266],{"class":1265},[55,155586,109],{"class":91},[55,155588,166],{"class":95},[55,155590,1273],{"class":91},[55,155592,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,155594,106],{"class":105},[55,155596,109],{"class":91},[55,155598,1266],{"class":1265},[55,155600,109],{"class":91},[55,155602,4543],{"class":95},[55,155604,1273],{"class":91},[55,155606,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,155608,106],{"class":105},[55,155610,109],{"class":91},[55,155612,10942],{"class":105},[55,155614,109],{"class":91},[55,155616,4543],{"class":95},[55,155618,1273],{"class":91},[20,155620,155621],{},[123,155622,357],{},[46,155624,155626],{"className":48,"code":155625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155627,155628,155642,155656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155629,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155631,3066],{"class":65},[55,155633,3069],{"class":1838},[55,155635,3072],{"class":69},[55,155637,1962],{"class":73},[55,155639,3077],{"class":69},[55,155641,3080],{"class":65},[55,155643,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155645,3066],{"class":65},[55,155647,3069],{"class":1838},[55,155649,3072],{"class":69},[55,155651,48724],{"class":73},[55,155653,3077],{"class":69},[55,155655,3080],{"class":65},[55,155657,155658],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,155659,46687],{"class":1210},[20,155661,155662,155663,1377,155666,92],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[166,155664,155665],{"href":147576},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[166,155667,148877],{"href":148876},[1003,155669,155671],{"id":155670},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[46,155673,155675],{"className":48,"code":155674,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155676,155677,155721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155678,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155680,59245],{"class":61},[55,155682,66],{"class":65},[55,155684,9016],{"class":91},[55,155686,228],{"class":69},[55,155688,3860],{"class":73},[55,155690,228],{"class":69},[55,155692,2764],{"class":91},[55,155694,3400],{"class":91},[55,155696,2761],{"class":1210},[55,155698,2764],{"class":91},[55,155700,2767],{"class":1210},[55,155702,17839],{"class":91},[55,155704,9016],{"class":91},[55,155706,228],{"class":69},[55,155708,1947],{"class":73},[55,155710,228],{"class":69},[55,155712,2764],{"class":91},[55,155714,70],{"class":69},[55,155716,11525],{"class":73},[55,155718,228],{"class":69},[55,155720,1273],{"class":91},[55,155722,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155724,106],{"class":105},[55,155726,109],{"class":91},[55,155728,10942],{"class":105},[55,155730,109],{"class":91},[55,155732,59298],{"class":95},[55,155734,1273],{"class":91},[20,155736,155737],{},[123,155738,357],{},[46,155740,155741],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155742,155743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155744,155745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155746,46387],{"class":1210},[20,155748,155749,155751],{},[15,155750,42134],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[131,155753,155755],{"id":155754},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1003,155757,155759,155761],{"id":155758},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155760,42134],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[46,155763,155765],{"className":48,"code":155764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155766,155767,155791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155768,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155770,3851],{"class":61},[55,155772,66],{"class":65},[55,155774,9016],{"class":91},[55,155776,228],{"class":69},[55,155778,63368],{"class":73},[55,155780,228],{"class":69},[55,155782,2764],{"class":91},[55,155784,70],{"class":69},[55,155786,50],{"class":73},[55,155788,228],{"class":69},[55,155790,342],{"class":91},[55,155792,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155794,106],{"class":105},[55,155796,109],{"class":91},[55,155798,10942],{"class":105},[55,155800,109],{"class":91},[55,155802,3895],{"class":95},[55,155804,1273],{"class":91},[20,155806,155807],{},[123,155808,357],{},[46,155810,155811],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155812,155813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155814,155815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155816,16834],{"class":1210},[20,155818,155819,155820,155822],{},"This result is ",[15,155821,1829],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155824,155825],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[46,155827,155829],{"className":48,"code":155828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155830,155831,155855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155832,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155834,3851],{"class":61},[55,155836,66],{"class":65},[55,155838,9016],{"class":91},[55,155840,228],{"class":69},[55,155842,63368],{"class":73},[55,155844,228],{"class":69},[55,155846,2764],{"class":91},[55,155848,70],{"class":69},[55,155850,50],{"class":73},[55,155852,228],{"class":69},[55,155854,342],{"class":91},[55,155856,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155858,106],{"class":105},[55,155860,109],{"class":91},[55,155862,10942],{"class":105},[55,155864,109],{"class":91},[55,155866,3895],{"class":95},[55,155868,3680],{"class":91},[55,155870,1894],{"class":1210},[55,155872,2774],{"class":91},[20,155874,155875],{},[123,155876,357],{},[46,155878,155879],{"className":48,"code":16834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155880,155881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155882,155883],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155884,16834],{"class":1210},[20,155886,20549,155887,155890,155891,92],{},[15,155888,155889],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155892,155893],{},"\"hi\"",[1003,155895,155897,155899],{"id":155896},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155898,42134],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[46,155901,155903],{"className":48,"code":155902,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155904,155905,155941],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155906,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155908,3601],{"class":61},[55,155910,66],{"class":65},[55,155912,9776],{"class":91},[55,155914,2761],{"class":1210},[55,155916,2764],{"class":91},[55,155918,2767],{"class":1210},[55,155920,9013],{"class":91},[55,155922,9016],{"class":91},[55,155924,1835],{"class":1210},[55,155926,2764],{"class":91},[55,155928,2229],{"class":1210},[55,155930,9013],{"class":91},[55,155932,9016],{"class":91},[55,155934,1911],{"class":1210},[55,155936,2764],{"class":91},[55,155938,37415],{"class":1210},[55,155940,1273],{"class":91},[55,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155944,106],{"class":105},[55,155946,109],{"class":91},[55,155948,10942],{"class":105},[55,155950,109],{"class":91},[55,155952,5142],{"class":95},[55,155954,1273],{"class":91},[20,155956,155957],{},[123,155958,357],{},[46,155960,155961],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,155962,155963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155964,155965],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155966,46387],{"class":1210},[20,155968,155969],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1003,155971,155973],{"id":155972},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155975,25463],{},[46,155977,155979],{"className":48,"code":155978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155980,155981,155993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155982,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155984,2218],{"class":61},[55,155986,66],{"class":65},[55,155988,9016],{"class":91},[55,155990,2101],{"class":1210},[55,155992,342],{"class":91},[55,155994,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,155996,106],{"class":105},[55,155998,109],{"class":91},[55,156000,1266],{"class":1265},[55,156002,109],{"class":91},[55,156004,2245],{"class":95},[55,156006,1273],{"class":91},[20,156008,156009],{},[123,156010,357],{},[46,156012,156014],{"className":48,"code":156013,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156015,156016],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156017,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156019,3066],{"class":65},[55,156021,3069],{"class":1838},[55,156023,3072],{"class":69},[55,156025,1962],{"class":73},[55,156027,3077],{"class":69},[55,156029,3080],{"class":65},[20,156031,156032],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[46,156034,156036],{"className":48,"code":156035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156037,156038,156050,156064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156039,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156041,2218],{"class":61},[55,156043,66],{"class":65},[55,156045,9016],{"class":91},[55,156047,2101],{"class":1210},[55,156049,148929],{"class":91},[55,156051,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156053,106],{"class":105},[55,156055,109],{"class":91},[55,156057,1266],{"class":1265},[55,156059,109],{"class":91},[55,156061,2245],{"class":95},[55,156063,1273],{"class":91},[55,156065,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156067,106],{"class":105},[55,156069,109],{"class":91},[55,156071,10942],{"class":105},[55,156073,109],{"class":91},[55,156075,2245],{"class":95},[55,156077,1273],{"class":91},[20,156079,156080],{},[123,156081,357],{},[46,156083,156085],{"className":48,"code":156084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156086,156087,156101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156088,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156090,3066],{"class":65},[55,156092,3069],{"class":1838},[55,156094,3072],{"class":69},[55,156096,48724],{"class":73},[55,156098,3077],{"class":69},[55,156100,3080],{"class":65},[55,156102,156103],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156104,46687],{"class":1210},[1003,156106,156108,156110],{"id":156107},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156109,10942],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156112,44200,156113,156115],{},[15,156114,10942],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156117,44231],{},[46,156119,156121],{"className":48,"code":156120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156122,156123,156131,156151],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156124,156125,156127,156129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156126,10942],{"class":105},[55,156128,13055],{"class":65},[55,156130,2360],{"class":1210},[55,156132,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156134,3395],{"class":61},[55,156136,66],{"class":65},[55,156138,9016],{"class":91},[55,156140,2761],{"class":1210},[55,156142,2764],{"class":91},[55,156144,2767],{"class":1210},[55,156146,2764],{"class":91},[55,156148,2223],{"class":1210},[55,156150,342],{"class":91},[55,156152,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156154,106],{"class":105},[55,156156,109],{"class":91},[55,156158,10942],{"class":105},[55,156160,109],{"class":91},[55,156162,3427],{"class":95},[55,156164,1273],{"class":91},[20,156166,39426,156167,156169],{},[15,156168,10942],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156171,156172],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[46,156174,156176],{"className":48,"code":156175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156177,156178,156187,156207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156179,156180,156183,156185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156181,156182],{"class":61},"length_value ",[55,156184,66],{"class":65},[55,156186,2360],{"class":1210},[55,156188,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156190,3395],{"class":61},[55,156192,66],{"class":65},[55,156194,9016],{"class":91},[55,156196,2761],{"class":1210},[55,156198,2764],{"class":91},[55,156200,2767],{"class":1210},[55,156202,2764],{"class":91},[55,156204,2223],{"class":1210},[55,156206,342],{"class":91},[55,156208,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156210,106],{"class":105},[55,156212,109],{"class":91},[55,156214,10942],{"class":105},[55,156216,109],{"class":91},[55,156218,3427],{"class":95},[55,156220,1273],{"class":91},[20,156222,156223],{},[123,156224,357],{},[46,156226,156227],{"className":48,"code":46387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156228,156229],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156230,156231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156232,46387],{"class":1210},[131,156234,156236],{"id":156235},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156238,156239,156241],{},[15,156240,42134],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1003,156243,156245],{"id":156244},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[46,156247,156249],{"className":48,"code":156248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156250,156251,156259,156263,156281],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156252,156253,156255,156257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156254,7563],{"class":61},[55,156256,66],{"class":65},[55,156258,148915],{"class":91},[55,156260,156261],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156262,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,156264,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156266,488],{"class":487},[55,156268,38158],{"class":105},[55,156270,109],{"class":91},[55,156272,7594],{"class":95},[55,156274,115],{"class":91},[55,156276,501],{"class":65},[55,156278,3612],{"class":1210},[55,156280,511],{"class":91},[55,156282,156283,156285,156287,156289,156292,156294],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,156284,516],{"class":105},[55,156286,109],{"class":91},[55,156288,228],{"class":69},[55,156290,156291],{"class":73},"The tuple is empty",[55,156293,228],{"class":69},[55,156295,342],{"class":91},[20,156297,156298],{},[123,156299,357],{},[46,156301,156303],{"className":48,"code":156302,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156304,156305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156306,156307,156309,156311,156313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156308,1750],{"class":61},[55,156310,48724],{"class":1265},[55,156312,7880],{"class":65},[55,156314,7886],{"class":61},[1003,156316,156318],{"id":156317},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[46,156320,156322],{"className":48,"code":156321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156323,156324,156340,156344,156362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156325,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156327,51155],{"class":61},[55,156329,66],{"class":65},[55,156331,9016],{"class":91},[55,156333,2277],{"class":1210},[55,156335,2764],{"class":91},[55,156337,5779],{"class":1210},[55,156339,342],{"class":91},[55,156341,156342],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156343,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,156345,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156347,488],{"class":487},[55,156349,38158],{"class":105},[55,156351,109],{"class":91},[55,156353,51180],{"class":95},[55,156355,115],{"class":91},[55,156357,501],{"class":65},[55,156359,2767],{"class":1210},[55,156361,511],{"class":91},[55,156363,156364,156366,156368,156370,156373,156375],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,156365,516],{"class":105},[55,156367,109],{"class":91},[55,156369,228],{"class":69},[55,156371,156372],{"class":73},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[55,156374,228],{"class":69},[55,156376,342],{"class":91},[20,156378,156379],{},[123,156380,357],{},[46,156382,156384],{"className":48,"code":156383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156385,156386],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156387,156388,156391,156393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156389,156390],{"class":61},"This looks like an x",[55,156392,2764],{"class":91},[55,156394,156395],{"class":61}," y coordinate\n",[1003,156397,156399],{"id":156398},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[46,156401,156403],{"className":48,"code":156402,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156404,156405,156434,156438,156456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156406,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156430,156432],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156408,11267],{"class":61},[55,156410,66],{"class":65},[55,156412,9016],{"class":91},[55,156414,228],{"class":69},[55,156416,12660],{"class":73},[55,156418,228],{"class":69},[55,156420,2764],{"class":91},[55,156422,9086],{"class":1210},[55,156424,2764],{"class":91},[55,156426,70],{"class":69},[55,156428,156429],{"class":73},"Canada",[55,156431,228],{"class":69},[55,156433,342],{"class":91},[55,156435,156436],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156437,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,156439,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156441,488],{"class":487},[55,156443,38158],{"class":105},[55,156445,109],{"class":91},[55,156447,11361],{"class":95},[55,156449,115],{"class":91},[55,156451,501],{"class":65},[55,156453,2223],{"class":1210},[55,156455,511],{"class":91},[55,156457,156458,156460,156462,156464,156467,156469],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,156459,516],{"class":105},[55,156461,109],{"class":91},[55,156463,228],{"class":69},[55,156465,156466],{"class":73},"User record has the expected number of values",[55,156468,228],{"class":69},[55,156470,342],{"class":91},[20,156472,156473],{},[123,156474,357],{},[46,156476,156478],{"className":48,"code":156477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156479,156480],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156481,156482],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156483,156477],{"class":61},[1003,156485,156487],{"id":156486},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[46,156489,156491],{"className":48,"code":156490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156492,156493,156525,156529,156549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156494,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156496,35860],{"class":61},[55,156498,66],{"class":65},[55,156500,9016],{"class":91},[55,156502,228],{"class":69},[55,156504,166],{"class":73},[55,156506,228],{"class":69},[55,156508,2764],{"class":91},[55,156510,70],{"class":69},[55,156512,4543],{"class":73},[55,156514,228],{"class":69},[55,156516,2764],{"class":91},[55,156518,70],{"class":69},[55,156520,9520],{"class":73},[55,156522,228],{"class":69},[55,156524,342],{"class":91},[55,156526,156527],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156528,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,156530,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156532,5743],{"class":487},[55,156534,69321],{"class":61},[55,156536,3662],{"class":487},[55,156538,53841],{"class":105},[55,156540,109],{"class":91},[55,156542,10942],{"class":105},[55,156544,109],{"class":91},[55,156546,35913],{"class":95},[55,156548,69336],{"class":91},[55,156550,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,156552,516],{"class":105},[55,156554,109],{"class":91},[55,156556,35924],{"class":95},[55,156558,2764],{"class":91},[55,156560,69869],{"class":95},[55,156562,3680],{"class":91},[55,156564,35924],{"class":95},[55,156566,3668],{"class":91},[20,156568,156569],{},[123,156570,357],{},[46,156572,156573],{"className":48,"code":35936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,156574,156575,156581,156587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156576,156577,156579],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156578,1894],{"class":1210},[55,156580,35945],{"class":61},[55,156582,156583,156585],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156584,2761],{"class":1210},[55,156586,35952],{"class":61},[55,156588,156589,156591],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156590,1829],{"class":1210},[55,156592,35959],{"class":61},[20,156594,156595,156596,156598,156599,92],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[166,156597,149246],{"href":149245},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[166,156600,150490],{"href":150489},[131,156602,1001],{"id":1000},[20,156604,156605],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156607,156608,156616,156623,156628],{},[33,156609,156610,156611,1012,156614],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156612,156613],{},"(5)",[15,156615,149080],{},[33,156617,1185,156618,156620,156621],{},[15,156619,10942],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156622,42134],{},[33,156624,8235,156625,156627],{},[15,156626,42134],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156629,156630],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156632,31855],{},[46,156634,156636],{"className":48,"code":156635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156637,156638,156648,156662,156676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156639,156640,156642,156644,156646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156641,106],{"class":105},[55,156643,109],{"class":91},[55,156645,147591],{"class":95},[55,156647,342],{"class":91},[55,156649,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156651,106],{"class":105},[55,156653,109],{"class":91},[55,156655,1266],{"class":1265},[55,156657,109],{"class":91},[55,156659,147591],{"class":95},[55,156661,1273],{"class":91},[55,156663,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156665,106],{"class":105},[55,156667,109],{"class":91},[55,156669,10942],{"class":105},[55,156671,109],{"class":91},[55,156673,147591],{"class":95},[55,156675,1273],{"class":91},[55,156677,156678,156680,156682,156684],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,156679,31925],{"class":105},[55,156681,109],{"class":91},[55,156683,10942],{"class":105},[55,156685,342],{"class":91},[20,156687,154800],{},[30,156689,156690,156693,156696,156700],{},[33,156691,156692],{},"what value you are using",[33,156694,156695],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,156697,25792,156698,11485],{},[15,156699,42134],{},[33,156701,123143,156702,156704],{},[15,156703,42134],{}," is documented in Python",[131,156706,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,156708,156710],{"id":156709},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156712,1866,156713,156716],{},[15,156714,156715],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1003,156718,1581,156720,148750],{"id":156719},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156721,42134],{},[20,156723,46135,156724,156726],{},[15,156725,42134],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1003,156728,156730],{"id":156729},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156732,156733,156734,92],{},"The length is ",[15,156735,1894],{},[1003,156737,156739],{"id":156738},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156741,150436,156742,156744],{},[15,156743,150439],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1003,156746,1581,156748,156750],{"id":156747},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156749,42134],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156752,156753],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[131,156755,1643],{"id":1642},[30,156757,156758,156764,156768,156772,156776],{},[33,156759,156760],{},[166,156761,1686,156762,1689],{"href":42131},[15,156763,42134],{},[33,156765,156766],{},[166,156767,155665],{"href":147576},[33,156769,156770],{},[166,156771,149246],{"href":149245},[33,156773,156774],{},[166,156775,150490],{"href":150489},[33,156777,156778],{},[166,156779,156780],{"href":148876},"What is a tuple in Python",[1696,156782,156783],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":156785},[156786,156787,156788,156795,156801,156810,156816,156817,156826],{"id":14942,"depth":80,"text":14943},{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":155153,"depth":80,"text":156789,"children":156790},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156791,156792,156793,156794],{"id":155165,"depth":102,"text":155166},{"id":155232,"depth":102,"text":155233},{"id":155277,"depth":102,"text":155278},{"id":155326,"depth":102,"text":155327},{"id":155415,"depth":80,"text":155416,"children":156796},[156797,156798,156799,156800],{"id":155419,"depth":102,"text":155420},{"id":155494,"depth":102,"text":155233},{"id":155536,"depth":102,"text":155537},{"id":155670,"depth":102,"text":155671},{"id":155754,"depth":80,"text":155755,"children":156802},[156803,156805,156807,156808],{"id":155758,"depth":102,"text":156804},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155896,"depth":102,"text":156806},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155972,"depth":102,"text":155973},{"id":156107,"depth":102,"text":156809},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156235,"depth":80,"text":156236,"children":156811},[156812,156813,156814,156815],{"id":156244,"depth":102,"text":156245},{"id":156317,"depth":102,"text":156318},{"id":156398,"depth":102,"text":156399},{"id":156486,"depth":102,"text":156487},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":156818},[156819,156820,156822,156823,156824],{"id":156709,"depth":102,"text":156710},{"id":156719,"depth":102,"text":156821},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156729,"depth":102,"text":156730},{"id":156738,"depth":102,"text":156739},{"id":156747,"depth":102,"text":156825},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154937,"description":156827},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156834,"title":156835,"body":156836,"description":159221,"extension":1733,"meta":159222,"navigation":248,"path":159223,"seo":159224,"stem":159225,"__hash__":159226},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156837,"toc":159182},[156838,156841,156844,156847,156870,156876,156878,156989,156993,156996,157006,157008,157107,157109,157186,157192,157196,157199,157222,157225,157242,157245,157247,157310,157312,157329,157340,157345,157347,157350,157356,157407,157409,157429,157433,157484,157486,157507,157511,157566,157568,157589,157593,157648,157650,157671,157675,157728,157730,157759,157761,157763,157766,157770,157827,157829,157850,157854,157907,157909,157934,157939,157943,157948,157966,157969,158032,158034,158055,158058,158119,158121,158142,158145,158188,158191,158195,158200,158204,158283,158285,158316,158320,158395,158397,158424,158428,158475,158477,158485,158490,158494,158497,158512,158514,158602,158604,158629,158632,158675,158684,158686,158689,158704,158707,158711,158765,158767,158787,158792,158796,158798,158836,158839,158889,158893,158966,158968,159005,159008,159010,159013,159033,159036,159105,159107,159120,159122,159126,159129,159133,159136,159141,159144,159150,159155,159157,159179],[10,156839,156835],{"id":156840},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156842,156843],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156845,156846],{},"Use this format:",[46,156848,156850],{"className":48,"code":156849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156851,156852],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156853,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156855,48724],{"class":61},[55,156857,3680],{"class":91},[55,156859,35842],{"class":61},[55,156861,539],{"class":91},[55,156863,75199],{"class":61},[55,156865,539],{"class":91},[55,156867,75202],{"class":61},[55,156869,3413],{"class":91},[20,156871,1750,156872,75235,156874,92],{},[15,156873,75199],{},[123,156875,64842],{},[131,156877,1775],{"id":1774},[46,156879,156881],{"className":48,"code":156880,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156882,156883,156911,156915,156936,156953,156970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156884,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156886,3395],{"class":61},[55,156888,66],{"class":65},[55,156890,9016],{"class":91},[55,156892,2101],{"class":1210},[55,156894,2764],{"class":91},[55,156896,7574],{"class":1210},[55,156898,2764],{"class":91},[55,156900,7579],{"class":1210},[55,156902,2764],{"class":91},[55,156904,50615],{"class":1210},[55,156906,2764],{"class":91},[55,156908,4864],{"class":1210},[55,156910,342],{"class":91},[55,156912,156913],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,156914,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,156916,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,156918,106],{"class":105},[55,156920,109],{"class":91},[55,156922,3427],{"class":95},[55,156924,3680],{"class":91},[55,156926,2761],{"class":1210},[55,156928,539],{"class":91},[55,156930,2277],{"class":1210},[55,156932,20224],{"class":91},[55,156934,156935],{"class":118},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[55,156937,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,156939,106],{"class":105},[55,156941,109],{"class":91},[55,156943,3427],{"class":95},[55,156945,75308],{"class":91},[55,156947,1835],{"class":1210},[55,156949,20224],{"class":91},[55,156951,156952],{"class":118},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[55,156954,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,156956,106],{"class":105},[55,156958,109],{"class":91},[55,156960,3427],{"class":95},[55,156962,73895],{"class":91},[55,156964,1829],{"class":1210},[55,156966,20224],{"class":91},[55,156968,156969],{"class":118},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[55,156971,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,156973,106],{"class":105},[55,156975,109],{"class":91},[55,156977,3427],{"class":95},[55,156979,73895],{"class":91},[55,156981,1794],{"class":65},[55,156983,2761],{"class":1210},[55,156985,20224],{"class":91},[55,156987,156988],{"class":118},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[131,156990,156992],{"id":156991},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156994,156995],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,156997,156998,157000,157003],{},[33,156999,75502],{},[33,157001,157002],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157004,157005],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157007,214],{},[46,157009,157011],{"className":48,"code":157010,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157012,157013,157061,157065,157083,157087,157097],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157014,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157016,35860],{"class":61},[55,157018,66],{"class":65},[55,157020,9016],{"class":91},[55,157022,228],{"class":69},[55,157024,166],{"class":73},[55,157026,228],{"class":69},[55,157028,2764],{"class":91},[55,157030,70],{"class":69},[55,157032,4543],{"class":73},[55,157034,228],{"class":69},[55,157036,2764],{"class":91},[55,157038,70],{"class":69},[55,157040,9520],{"class":73},[55,157042,228],{"class":69},[55,157044,2764],{"class":91},[55,157046,70],{"class":69},[55,157048,18545],{"class":73},[55,157050,228],{"class":69},[55,157052,2764],{"class":91},[55,157054,70],{"class":69},[55,157056,60220],{"class":73},[55,157058,228],{"class":69},[55,157060,342],{"class":91},[55,157062,157063],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157064,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157066,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157068,75432],{"class":61},[55,157070,66],{"class":65},[55,157072,69869],{"class":61},[55,157074,3680],{"class":91},[55,157076,2761],{"class":1210},[55,157078,539],{"class":91},[55,157080,2277],{"class":1210},[55,157082,3413],{"class":91},[55,157084,157085],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,157086,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157088,157089,157091,157093,157095],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,157090,106],{"class":105},[55,157092,109],{"class":91},[55,157094,75455],{"class":95},[55,157096,342],{"class":91},[55,157098,157099,157101,157103,157105],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,157100,106],{"class":105},[55,157102,109],{"class":91},[55,157104,35913],{"class":95},[55,157106,342],{"class":91},[20,157108,357],{},[46,157110,157112],{"className":48,"code":157111,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157113,157114,157142],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157115,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157117,109],{"class":91},[55,157119,3077],{"class":69},[55,157121,4543],{"class":73},[55,157123,3077],{"class":69},[55,157125,2764],{"class":91},[55,157127,3072],{"class":69},[55,157129,9520],{"class":73},[55,157131,3077],{"class":69},[55,157133,2764],{"class":91},[55,157135,3072],{"class":69},[55,157137,18545],{"class":73},[55,157139,3077],{"class":69},[55,157141,342],{"class":91},[55,157143,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157145,109],{"class":91},[55,157147,3077],{"class":69},[55,157149,166],{"class":73},[55,157151,3077],{"class":69},[55,157153,2764],{"class":91},[55,157155,3072],{"class":69},[55,157157,4543],{"class":73},[55,157159,3077],{"class":69},[55,157161,2764],{"class":91},[55,157163,3072],{"class":69},[55,157165,9520],{"class":73},[55,157167,3077],{"class":69},[55,157169,2764],{"class":91},[55,157171,3072],{"class":69},[55,157173,18545],{"class":73},[55,157175,3077],{"class":69},[55,157177,2764],{"class":91},[55,157179,3072],{"class":69},[55,157181,60220],{"class":73},[55,157183,3077],{"class":69},[55,157185,342],{"class":91},[20,157187,157188,157189,92],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[166,157190,147573],{"href":157191},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[131,157193,157195],{"id":157194},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157197,157198],{},"The full syntax is:",[46,157200,157202],{"className":48,"code":157201,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157203,157204],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157205,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157207,147591],{"class":61},[55,157209,3680],{"class":91},[55,157211,35842],{"class":61},[55,157213,539],{"class":91},[55,157215,75199],{"class":61},[55,157217,539],{"class":91},[55,157219,75202],{"class":61},[55,157221,3413],{"class":91},[20,157223,157224],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157226,157227,157232,157237],{},[33,157228,157229,157231],{},[15,157230,35842],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157233,157234,157236],{},[15,157235,75199],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157238,157239,157241],{},[15,157240,75202],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157243,157244],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157246,214],{},[46,157248,157250],{"className":48,"code":157249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157251,157252,157284,157288],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157253,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157255,3395],{"class":61},[55,157257,66],{"class":65},[55,157259,9016],{"class":91},[55,157261,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157263,2764],{"class":91},[55,157265,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157267,2764],{"class":91},[55,157269,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157271,2764],{"class":91},[55,157273,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157275,2764],{"class":91},[55,157277,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157279,2764],{"class":91},[55,157281,75873],{"class":1210},[55,157283,342],{"class":91},[55,157285,157286],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157287,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157289,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157291,106],{"class":105},[55,157293,109],{"class":91},[55,157295,3427],{"class":95},[55,157297,3680],{"class":91},[55,157299,2761],{"class":1210},[55,157301,539],{"class":91},[55,157303,1911],{"class":1210},[55,157305,539],{"class":91},[55,157307,1829],{"class":1210},[55,157309,3668],{"class":91},[20,157311,357],{},[46,157313,157315],{"className":48,"code":157314,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157316,157317],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157318,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157320,109],{"class":91},[55,157322,15533],{"class":1210},[55,157324,2764],{"class":91},[55,157326,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157328,342],{"class":91},[20,157330,157331,157332,157334,157335,157337,157338,92],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157333,2761],{},", stops before index ",[15,157336,1911],{},", and moves by ",[15,157339,1829],{},[20,157341,157342,157343,92],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[166,157344,149246],{"href":152672},[131,157346,75789],{"id":75788},[20,157348,157349],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1003,157351,157353,157354,5751],{"id":157352},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157355,75803],{},[46,157357,157359],{"className":48,"code":157358,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157360,157361,157389,157393],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157362,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157364,3395],{"class":61},[55,157366,66],{"class":65},[55,157368,9016],{"class":91},[55,157370,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157372,2764],{"class":91},[55,157374,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157376,2764],{"class":91},[55,157378,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157380,2764],{"class":91},[55,157382,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157384,2764],{"class":91},[55,157386,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157388,342],{"class":91},[55,157390,157391],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157392,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157394,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157396,106],{"class":105},[55,157398,109],{"class":91},[55,157400,3427],{"class":95},[55,157402,75308],{"class":91},[55,157404,1835],{"class":1210},[55,157406,3668],{"class":91},[20,157408,357],{},[46,157410,157411],{"className":48,"code":150938,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,157412,157413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157414,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157416,109],{"class":91},[55,157418,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157420,2764],{"class":91},[55,157422,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157424,2764],{"class":91},[55,157426,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157428,342],{"class":91},[1003,157430,157432],{"id":157431},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[46,157434,157436],{"className":48,"code":157435,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157437,157438,157466,157470],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157439,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157441,3395],{"class":61},[55,157443,66],{"class":65},[55,157445,9016],{"class":91},[55,157447,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157449,2764],{"class":91},[55,157451,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157453,2764],{"class":91},[55,157455,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157457,2764],{"class":91},[55,157459,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157461,2764],{"class":91},[55,157463,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157465,342],{"class":91},[55,157467,157468],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157469,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157471,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157473,106],{"class":105},[55,157475,109],{"class":91},[55,157477,3427],{"class":95},[55,157479,3680],{"class":91},[55,157481,1829],{"class":1210},[55,157483,77489],{"class":91},[20,157485,357],{},[46,157487,157489],{"className":48,"code":157488,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157490,157491],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157492,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157494,109],{"class":91},[55,157496,36612],{"class":1210},[55,157498,2764],{"class":91},[55,157500,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157502,2764],{"class":91},[55,157504,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157506,342],{"class":91},[1003,157508,157510],{"id":157509},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[46,157512,157514],{"className":48,"code":157513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157515,157516,157544,157548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157519,3395],{"class":61},[55,157521,66],{"class":65},[55,157523,9016],{"class":91},[55,157525,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157527,2764],{"class":91},[55,157529,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157531,2764],{"class":91},[55,157533,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157535,2764],{"class":91},[55,157537,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157539,2764],{"class":91},[55,157541,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157543,342],{"class":91},[55,157545,157546],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157547,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157549,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157551,106],{"class":105},[55,157553,109],{"class":91},[55,157555,3427],{"class":95},[55,157557,3680],{"class":91},[55,157559,2761],{"class":1210},[55,157561,539],{"class":91},[55,157563,2277],{"class":1210},[55,157565,3668],{"class":91},[20,157567,357],{},[46,157569,157571],{"className":48,"code":157570,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157572,157573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157574,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157576,109],{"class":91},[55,157578,15533],{"class":1210},[55,157580,2764],{"class":91},[55,157582,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157584,2764],{"class":91},[55,157586,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157588,342],{"class":91},[1003,157590,157592],{"id":157591},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[46,157594,157596],{"className":48,"code":157595,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157597,157598,157630,157634],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157599,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157601,3395],{"class":61},[55,157603,66],{"class":65},[55,157605,9016],{"class":91},[55,157607,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157609,2764],{"class":91},[55,157611,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157613,2764],{"class":91},[55,157615,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157617,2764],{"class":91},[55,157619,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157621,2764],{"class":91},[55,157623,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157625,2764],{"class":91},[55,157627,75873],{"class":1210},[55,157629,342],{"class":91},[55,157631,157632],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157633,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157635,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157637,106],{"class":105},[55,157639,109],{"class":91},[55,157641,3427],{"class":95},[55,157643,73895],{"class":91},[55,157645,1829],{"class":1210},[55,157647,3668],{"class":91},[20,157649,357],{},[46,157651,157653],{"className":48,"code":157652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157654,157655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157656,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157658,109],{"class":91},[55,157660,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157662,2764],{"class":91},[55,157664,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157666,2764],{"class":91},[55,157668,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157670,342],{"class":91},[1003,157672,157674],{"id":157673},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[46,157676,157678],{"className":48,"code":157677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157679,157680,157708,157712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157681,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157683,3395],{"class":61},[55,157685,66],{"class":65},[55,157687,9016],{"class":91},[55,157689,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157691,2764],{"class":91},[55,157693,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157695,2764],{"class":91},[55,157697,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157699,2764],{"class":91},[55,157701,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157703,2764],{"class":91},[55,157705,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157707,342],{"class":91},[55,157709,157710],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157711,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157713,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157715,106],{"class":105},[55,157717,109],{"class":91},[55,157719,3427],{"class":95},[55,157721,73895],{"class":91},[55,157723,1794],{"class":65},[55,157725,2761],{"class":1210},[55,157727,3668],{"class":91},[20,157729,357],{},[46,157731,157733],{"className":48,"code":157732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157734,157735],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157736,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157738,109],{"class":91},[55,157740,76567],{"class":1210},[55,157742,2764],{"class":91},[55,157744,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157746,2764],{"class":91},[55,157748,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157750,2764],{"class":91},[55,157752,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157754,2764],{"class":91},[55,157756,5790],{"class":1210},[55,157758,342],{"class":91},[131,157760,76083],{"id":76082},[20,157762,153945],{},[20,157764,157765],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1003,157767,157769],{"id":157768},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[46,157771,157773],{"className":48,"code":157772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157774,157775,157807,157811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157776,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157778,3395],{"class":61},[55,157780,66],{"class":65},[55,157782,9016],{"class":91},[55,157784,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157786,2764],{"class":91},[55,157788,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157790,2764],{"class":91},[55,157792,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157794,2764],{"class":91},[55,157796,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157798,2764],{"class":91},[55,157800,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157802,2764],{"class":91},[55,157804,75873],{"class":1210},[55,157806,342],{"class":91},[55,157808,157809],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157810,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157812,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157814,106],{"class":105},[55,157816,109],{"class":91},[55,157818,3427],{"class":95},[55,157820,3680],{"class":91},[55,157822,1794],{"class":65},[55,157824,1835],{"class":1210},[55,157826,77489],{"class":91},[20,157828,357],{},[46,157830,157832],{"className":48,"code":157831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157833,157834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157835,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157837,109],{"class":91},[55,157839,56464],{"class":1210},[55,157841,2764],{"class":91},[55,157843,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157845,2764],{"class":91},[55,157847,75873],{"class":1210},[55,157849,342],{"class":91},[1003,157851,157853],{"id":157852},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[46,157855,157857],{"className":48,"code":157856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157858,157859,157887,157891],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157860,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157862,3395],{"class":61},[55,157864,66],{"class":65},[55,157866,9016],{"class":91},[55,157868,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157870,2764],{"class":91},[55,157872,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157874,2764],{"class":91},[55,157876,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157878,2764],{"class":91},[55,157880,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157882,2764],{"class":91},[55,157884,4864],{"class":1210},[55,157886,342],{"class":91},[55,157888,157889],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,157890,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,157892,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,157894,106],{"class":105},[55,157896,109],{"class":91},[55,157898,3427],{"class":95},[55,157900,75308],{"class":91},[55,157902,1794],{"class":65},[55,157904,2761],{"class":1210},[55,157906,3668],{"class":91},[20,157908,357],{},[46,157910,157912],{"className":48,"code":157911,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157913,157914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157915,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157917,109],{"class":91},[55,157919,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157921,2764],{"class":91},[55,157923,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157925,2764],{"class":91},[55,157927,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157929,2764],{"class":91},[55,157931,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157933,342],{"class":91},[20,157935,157936,157937,92],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[166,157938,150495],{"href":156829},[131,157940,157942],{"id":157941},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157944,1750,157945,157947],{},[15,157946,75202],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,157949,157950,157952,157954,157960],{},[33,157951,76339],{},[33,157953,76342],{},[33,157955,157956,157959],{},[15,157957,157958],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,157961,157962,157963,157965],{},"A step of ",[15,157964,1894],{}," is not allowed",[20,157967,157968],{},"Example with a positive step:",[46,157970,157972],{"className":48,"code":157971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157973,157974,158006,158010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157975,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157977,3395],{"class":61},[55,157979,66],{"class":65},[55,157981,9016],{"class":91},[55,157983,2101],{"class":1210},[55,157985,2764],{"class":91},[55,157987,7574],{"class":1210},[55,157989,2764],{"class":91},[55,157991,7579],{"class":1210},[55,157993,2764],{"class":91},[55,157995,50615],{"class":1210},[55,157997,2764],{"class":91},[55,157999,4864],{"class":1210},[55,158001,2764],{"class":91},[55,158003,75873],{"class":1210},[55,158005,342],{"class":91},[55,158007,158008],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158009,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158011,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158013,106],{"class":105},[55,158015,109],{"class":91},[55,158017,3427],{"class":95},[55,158019,3680],{"class":91},[55,158021,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158023,539],{"class":91},[55,158025,80367],{"class":1210},[55,158027,539],{"class":91},[55,158029,1829],{"class":1210},[55,158031,3668],{"class":91},[20,158033,357],{},[46,158035,158037],{"className":48,"code":158036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158038,158039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158040,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158042,109],{"class":91},[55,158044,15533],{"class":1210},[55,158046,2764],{"class":91},[55,158048,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158050,2764],{"class":91},[55,158052,75873],{"class":1210},[55,158054,342],{"class":91},[20,158056,158057],{},"Example with a negative step:",[46,158059,158061],{"className":48,"code":158060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158062,158063,158091,158095],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158064,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158066,3395],{"class":61},[55,158068,66],{"class":65},[55,158070,9016],{"class":91},[55,158072,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158074,2764],{"class":91},[55,158076,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158078,2764],{"class":91},[55,158080,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158082,2764],{"class":91},[55,158084,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158086,2764],{"class":91},[55,158088,4864],{"class":1210},[55,158090,342],{"class":91},[55,158092,158093],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158094,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158096,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158098,106],{"class":105},[55,158100,109],{"class":91},[55,158102,3427],{"class":95},[55,158104,3680],{"class":91},[55,158106,2277],{"class":1210},[55,158108,539],{"class":91},[55,158110,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158112,539],{"class":91},[55,158114,1794],{"class":65},[55,158116,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158118,3668],{"class":91},[20,158120,357],{},[46,158122,158124],{"className":48,"code":158123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158125,158126],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158127,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158129,109],{"class":91},[55,158131,76567],{"class":1210},[55,158133,2764],{"class":91},[55,158135,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158137,2764],{"class":91},[55,158139,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158141,342],{"class":91},[20,158143,158144],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[46,158146,158148],{"className":48,"code":158147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158149,158150,158170,158174],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158151,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158153,3395],{"class":61},[55,158155,66],{"class":65},[55,158157,9016],{"class":91},[55,158159,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158161,2764],{"class":91},[55,158163,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158165,2764],{"class":91},[55,158167,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158169,342],{"class":91},[55,158171,158172],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158173,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158175,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158177,106],{"class":105},[55,158179,109],{"class":91},[55,158181,3427],{"class":95},[55,158183,73895],{"class":91},[55,158185,1894],{"class":1210},[55,158187,3668],{"class":91},[20,158189,158190],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[131,158192,158194],{"id":158193},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158196,158197,158198,33514],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[123,158199,48724],{},[1003,158201,158203],{"id":158202},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[46,158205,158207],{"className":48,"code":158206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158208,158209,158233,158237,158255,158259,158269],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158212,3395],{"class":61},[55,158214,66],{"class":65},[55,158216,9016],{"class":91},[55,158218,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158220,2764],{"class":91},[55,158222,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158224,2764],{"class":91},[55,158226,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158228,2764],{"class":91},[55,158230,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158232,342],{"class":91},[55,158234,158235],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158236,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158238,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158240,83],{"class":61},[55,158242,66],{"class":65},[55,158244,4045],{"class":61},[55,158246,3680],{"class":91},[55,158248,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158250,539],{"class":91},[55,158252,1835],{"class":1210},[55,158254,3413],{"class":91},[55,158256,158257],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,158258,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158260,158261,158263,158265,158267],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,158262,106],{"class":105},[55,158264,109],{"class":91},[55,158266,112],{"class":95},[55,158268,342],{"class":91},[55,158270,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,158272,106],{"class":105},[55,158274,109],{"class":91},[55,158276,1266],{"class":1265},[55,158278,109],{"class":91},[55,158280,112],{"class":95},[55,158282,1273],{"class":91},[20,158284,357],{},[46,158286,158288],{"className":48,"code":158287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158289,158290,158302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158291,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158293,109],{"class":91},[55,158295,15533],{"class":1210},[55,158297,2764],{"class":91},[55,158299,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158301,342],{"class":91},[55,158303,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158305,3066],{"class":65},[55,158307,3069],{"class":1838},[55,158309,3072],{"class":69},[55,158311,48724],{"class":73},[55,158313,3077],{"class":69},[55,158315,3080],{"class":65},[1003,158317,158319],{"id":158318},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[46,158321,158323],{"className":48,"code":158322,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158324,158325,158345,158349,158367,158371,158381],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158326,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158328,3395],{"class":61},[55,158330,66],{"class":65},[55,158332,9016],{"class":91},[55,158334,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158336,2764],{"class":91},[55,158338,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158340,2764],{"class":91},[55,158342,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158344,342],{"class":91},[55,158346,158347],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158348,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158350,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158352,83],{"class":61},[55,158354,66],{"class":65},[55,158356,4045],{"class":61},[55,158358,3680],{"class":91},[55,158360,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158362,539],{"class":91},[55,158364,1829],{"class":1210},[55,158366,3413],{"class":91},[55,158368,158369],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,158370,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158372,158373,158375,158377,158379],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,158374,106],{"class":105},[55,158376,109],{"class":91},[55,158378,112],{"class":95},[55,158380,342],{"class":91},[55,158382,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,158384,106],{"class":105},[55,158386,109],{"class":91},[55,158388,1266],{"class":1265},[55,158390,109],{"class":91},[55,158392,112],{"class":95},[55,158394,1273],{"class":91},[20,158396,357],{},[46,158398,158400],{"className":48,"code":158399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158401,158402,158410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158403,158404,158406,158408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158405,109],{"class":91},[55,158407,15533],{"class":1210},[55,158409,148929],{"class":91},[55,158411,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158413,3066],{"class":65},[55,158415,3069],{"class":1838},[55,158417,3072],{"class":69},[55,158419,48724],{"class":73},[55,158421,3077],{"class":69},[55,158423,3080],{"class":65},[1003,158425,158427],{"id":158426},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[46,158429,158431],{"className":48,"code":158430,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158432,158433,158453,158457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158436,3395],{"class":61},[55,158438,66],{"class":65},[55,158440,9016],{"class":91},[55,158442,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158444,2764],{"class":91},[55,158446,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158448,2764],{"class":91},[55,158450,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158452,342],{"class":91},[55,158454,158455],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158456,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158458,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158460,106],{"class":105},[55,158462,109],{"class":91},[55,158464,3427],{"class":95},[55,158466,3680],{"class":91},[55,158468,1911],{"class":1210},[55,158470,539],{"class":91},[55,158472,2116],{"class":1210},[55,158474,3668],{"class":91},[20,158476,357],{},[46,158478,158479],{"className":48,"code":99,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,158480,158481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158482,158483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158484,99],{"class":91},[20,158486,158487,158488,92],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[166,158489,155665],{"href":150552},[131,158491,158493],{"id":158492},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158495,158496],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158498,158499,158501,158504,158509],{},[33,158500,76648],{},[33,158502,158503],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158505,158506,158507],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158508,70504],{},[33,158510,158511],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158513,214],{},[46,158515,158517],{"className":48,"code":158516,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158518,158519,158539,158543,158560,158581],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158520,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158522,3395],{"class":61},[55,158524,66],{"class":65},[55,158526,9016],{"class":91},[55,158528,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158530,2764],{"class":91},[55,158532,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158534,2764],{"class":91},[55,158536,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158538,342],{"class":91},[55,158540,158541],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158542,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158544,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158546,106],{"class":105},[55,158548,109],{"class":91},[55,158550,3427],{"class":95},[55,158552,3680],{"class":91},[55,158554,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158556,20224],{"class":91},[55,158558,158559],{"class":118},"    # one item\n",[55,158561,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,158563,106],{"class":105},[55,158565,109],{"class":91},[55,158567,3427],{"class":95},[55,158569,3680],{"class":91},[55,158571,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158573,539],{"class":91},[55,158575,1911],{"class":1210},[55,158577,20224],{"class":91},[55,158579,158580],{"class":118},"  # slice\n",[55,158582,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,158584,106],{"class":105},[55,158586,109],{"class":91},[55,158588,3427],{"class":95},[55,158590,3680],{"class":91},[55,158592,1911],{"class":1210},[55,158594,539],{"class":91},[55,158596,2116],{"class":1210},[55,158598,20224],{"class":91},[55,158600,158601],{"class":118},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158603,357],{},[46,158605,158607],{"className":48,"code":158606,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158608,158609,158613,158625],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158610,158611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158612,70997],{"class":1210},[55,158614,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158616,109],{"class":91},[55,158618,15533],{"class":1210},[55,158620,2764],{"class":91},[55,158622,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158624,342],{"class":91},[55,158626,158627],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158628,99],{"class":91},[20,158630,158631],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[46,158633,158635],{"className":48,"code":158634,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158636,158637,158657,158661],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158638,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158640,3395],{"class":61},[55,158642,66],{"class":65},[55,158644,9016],{"class":91},[55,158646,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158648,2764],{"class":91},[55,158650,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158652,2764],{"class":91},[55,158654,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158656,342],{"class":91},[55,158658,158659],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158660,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158662,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158664,106],{"class":105},[55,158666,109],{"class":91},[55,158668,3427],{"class":95},[55,158670,3680],{"class":91},[55,158672,1911],{"class":1210},[55,158674,3668],{"class":91},[20,158676,158677,158678,158680,158681,92],{},"This raises an ",[15,158679,70504],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[166,158682,154418],{"href":158683},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[131,158685,14957],{"id":76915},[20,158687,158688],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,158690,158691,158694,158696,158699],{},[33,158692,158693],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,158695,60465],{},[33,158697,158698],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,158700,158701,158702],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158703,1894],{},[20,158705,158706],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1003,158708,158710],{"id":158709},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[46,158712,158713],{"className":48,"code":157513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,158714,158715,158743,158747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158716,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158718,3395],{"class":61},[55,158720,66],{"class":65},[55,158722,9016],{"class":91},[55,158724,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158726,2764],{"class":91},[55,158728,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158730,2764],{"class":91},[55,158732,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158734,2764],{"class":91},[55,158736,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158738,2764],{"class":91},[55,158740,4864],{"class":1210},[55,158742,342],{"class":91},[55,158744,158745],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158746,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158748,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158750,106],{"class":105},[55,158752,109],{"class":91},[55,158754,3427],{"class":95},[55,158756,3680],{"class":91},[55,158758,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158760,539],{"class":91},[55,158762,2277],{"class":1210},[55,158764,3668],{"class":91},[20,158766,357],{},[46,158768,158769],{"className":48,"code":157570,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,158770,158771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158772,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158774,109],{"class":91},[55,158776,15533],{"class":1210},[55,158778,2764],{"class":91},[55,158780,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158782,2764],{"class":91},[55,158784,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158786,342],{"class":91},[20,158788,132164,158789,158791],{},[15,158790,2277],{}," is not included.",[1003,158793,158795],{"id":158794},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158797,4308],{},[46,158799,158801],{"className":48,"code":158800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158802,158803,158827,158831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158804,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158806,3395],{"class":61},[55,158808,66],{"class":65},[55,158810,9016],{"class":91},[55,158812,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158814,2764],{"class":91},[55,158816,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158818,2764],{"class":91},[55,158820,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158822,2764],{"class":91},[55,158824,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158826,342],{"class":91},[55,158828,158829],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158830,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158832,158833],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158834,158835],{"class":118},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158837,158838],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[46,158840,158841],{"className":48,"code":154498,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,158842,158843,158867,158871],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158844,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158846,3395],{"class":61},[55,158848,66],{"class":65},[55,158850,9016],{"class":91},[55,158852,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158854,2764],{"class":91},[55,158856,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158858,2764],{"class":91},[55,158860,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158862,2764],{"class":91},[55,158864,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158866,342],{"class":91},[55,158868,158869],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158870,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158872,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158874,106],{"class":105},[55,158876,109],{"class":91},[55,158878,3427],{"class":95},[55,158880,3680],{"class":91},[55,158882,2761],{"class":1210},[55,158884,539],{"class":91},[55,158886,1835],{"class":1210},[55,158888,3668],{"class":91},[1003,158890,158892],{"id":158891},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[46,158894,158896],{"className":48,"code":158895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158897,158898,158922,158926,158941,158945,158956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158899,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158901,3395],{"class":61},[55,158903,66],{"class":65},[55,158905,9016],{"class":91},[55,158907,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158909,2764],{"class":91},[55,158911,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158913,2764],{"class":91},[55,158915,7579],{"class":1210},[55,158917,2764],{"class":91},[55,158919,50615],{"class":1210},[55,158921,342],{"class":91},[55,158923,158924],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158925,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158927,158928,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,158929,158930],{"class":61},"slice_result ",[55,158932,66],{"class":65},[55,158934,4045],{"class":61},[55,158936,75308],{"class":91},[55,158938,1829],{"class":1210},[55,158940,3413],{"class":91},[55,158942,158943],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,158944,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,158946,158947,158949,158951,158954],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,158948,106],{"class":105},[55,158950,109],{"class":91},[55,158952,158953],{"class":95},"slice_result",[55,158955,342],{"class":91},[55,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,158959,106],{"class":105},[55,158961,109],{"class":91},[55,158963,3427],{"class":95},[55,158965,342],{"class":91},[20,158967,357],{},[46,158969,158971],{"className":48,"code":158970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158972,158973,158985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158976,109],{"class":91},[55,158978,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158980,2764],{"class":91},[55,158982,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158984,342],{"class":91},[55,158986,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,158988,109],{"class":91},[55,158990,2101],{"class":1210},[55,158992,2764],{"class":91},[55,158994,7574],{"class":1210},[55,158996,2764],{"class":91},[55,158998,7579],{"class":1210},[55,159000,2764],{"class":91},[55,159002,50615],{"class":1210},[55,159004,342],{"class":91},[20,159006,159007],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[131,159009,113493],{"id":113492},[20,159011,159012],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159014,159015,159018,159021,159027,159030],{},[33,159016,159017],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159019,159020],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159022,159023,159024],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159025,159026],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159028,159029],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159031,159032],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159034,159035],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[46,159037,159039],{"className":48,"code":159038,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159040,159041,159051,159069,159091],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159042,159043,159045,159047,159049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159044,106],{"class":105},[55,159046,109],{"class":91},[55,159048,147591],{"class":95},[55,159050,342],{"class":91},[55,159052,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159054,106],{"class":105},[55,159056,109],{"class":91},[55,159058,147591],{"class":95},[55,159060,3680],{"class":91},[55,159062,2761],{"class":1210},[55,159064,539],{"class":91},[55,159066,2277],{"class":1210},[55,159068,3668],{"class":91},[55,159070,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,159072,106],{"class":105},[55,159074,109],{"class":91},[55,159076,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159078,109],{"class":91},[55,159080,147591],{"class":95},[55,159082,3680],{"class":91},[55,159084,2761],{"class":1210},[55,159086,539],{"class":91},[55,159088,2277],{"class":1210},[55,159090,2774],{"class":91},[55,159092,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,159094,106],{"class":105},[55,159096,109],{"class":91},[55,159098,10942],{"class":105},[55,159100,109],{"class":91},[55,159102,147591],{"class":95},[55,159104,1273],{"class":91},[20,159106,10951],{},[30,159108,159109,159111,159114,159117],{},[33,159110,154805],{},[33,159112,159113],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159115,159116],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159118,159119],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[131,159121,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,159123,159125],{"id":159124},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159127,159128],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1003,159130,159132],{"id":159131},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159134,159135],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1003,159137,1603,159139,39733],{"id":159138},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159140,157958],{},[20,159142,159143],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1003,159145,159147,159148,1631],{"id":159146},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159149,70504],{},[20,159151,159152,159153,92],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159154,70504],{},[131,159156,1643],{"id":1642},[30,159158,159159,159163,159167,159171,159175],{},[33,159160,159161],{},[166,159162,155665],{"href":150552},[33,159164,159165],{},[166,159166,149246],{"href":152672},[33,159168,159169],{},[166,159170,150495],{"href":156829},[33,159172,159173],{},[166,159174,147573],{"href":157191},[33,159176,159177],{},[166,159178,154418],{"href":158683},[1696,159180,159181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":159183},[159184,159185,159186,159187,159195,159199,159200,159205,159206,159211,159212,159220],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":156991,"depth":80,"text":156992},{"id":157194,"depth":80,"text":157195},{"id":75788,"depth":80,"text":75789,"children":159188},[159189,159191,159192,159193,159194],{"id":157352,"depth":102,"text":159190},"Get the first n items",{"id":157431,"depth":102,"text":157432},{"id":157509,"depth":102,"text":157510},{"id":157591,"depth":102,"text":157592},{"id":157673,"depth":102,"text":157674},{"id":76082,"depth":80,"text":76083,"children":159196},[159197,159198],{"id":157768,"depth":102,"text":157769},{"id":157852,"depth":102,"text":157853},{"id":157941,"depth":80,"text":157942},{"id":158193,"depth":80,"text":158194,"children":159201},[159202,159203,159204],{"id":158202,"depth":102,"text":158203},{"id":158318,"depth":102,"text":158319},{"id":158426,"depth":102,"text":158427},{"id":158492,"depth":80,"text":158493},{"id":76915,"depth":80,"text":14957,"children":159207},[159208,159209,159210],{"id":158709,"depth":102,"text":158710},{"id":158794,"depth":102,"text":158795},{"id":158891,"depth":102,"text":158892},{"id":113492,"depth":80,"text":113493},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":159213},[159214,159215,159216,159218],{"id":159124,"depth":102,"text":159125},{"id":159131,"depth":102,"text":159132},{"id":159138,"depth":102,"text":159217},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159146,"depth":102,"text":159219},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156835,"description":159221},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159228,"title":159229,"body":159230,"description":161053,"extension":1733,"meta":161054,"navigation":248,"path":34578,"seo":161055,"stem":161056,"__hash__":161057},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159231,"toc":161019},[159232,159237,159242,159246,159264,159267,159282,159288,159290,159347,159349,159381,159393,159399,159404,159407,159442,159448,159450,159453,159467,159470,159472,159495,159497,159515,159518,159534,159536,159539,159652,159654,159743,159746,159751,159757,159760,159763,159862,159864,159923,159928,159931,160000,160004,160036,160052,160057,160064,160071,160083,160085,160134,160136,160159,160165,160213,160218,160225,160233,160239,160242,160266,160269,160271,160347,160349,160374,160380,160383,160388,160392,160406,160408,160471,160473,160505,160508,160524,160526,160532,160539,160541,160560,160562,160580,160587,160592,160599,160601,160638,160641,160648,160652,160655,160713,160716,160719,160774,160776,160788,160794,160796,160800,160833,160840,160842,160905,160908,160910,160915,160929,160936,160944,160953,160962,160968,160974,160976,161016],[10,159233,1686,159235,3355],{"id":159234},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159236,2073],{},[20,159238,32090,159239,159241],{},[15,159240,2073],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159243,62539,159244,104337],{},[15,159245,2073],{},[30,159247,159248,159251,159254,159257],{},[33,159249,159250],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159252,159253],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159255,159256],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159258,159259,159260],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[166,159261,159262],{"href":533},[15,159263,537],{},[20,159265,159266],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[46,159268,159270],{"className":48,"code":159269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"type(object)\n",[15,159271,159272],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159273,159274,159276,159278,159280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159275,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159277,109],{"class":91},[55,159279,42172],{"class":1265},[55,159281,342],{"class":91},[20,159283,159284,159285,159287],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159286,2073],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[131,159289,3385],{"id":3384},[46,159291,159293],{"className":48,"code":159292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159294,159295,159307,159321,159325,159333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159296,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159298,254],{"class":61},[55,159300,66],{"class":65},[55,159302,70],{"class":69},[55,159304,4787],{"class":73},[55,159306,77],{"class":69},[55,159308,159309,159311,159313,159315,159317,159319],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159310,106],{"class":105},[55,159312,109],{"class":91},[55,159314,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159316,109],{"class":91},[55,159318,273],{"class":95},[55,159320,1273],{"class":91},[55,159322,159323],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,159324,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,159326,159327,159329,159331],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,159328,1205],{"class":61},[55,159330,66],{"class":65},[55,159332,2360],{"class":1210},[55,159334,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,159336,106],{"class":105},[55,159338,109],{"class":91},[55,159340,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159342,109],{"class":91},[55,159344,1220],{"class":95},[55,159346,1273],{"class":91},[20,159348,357],{},[46,159350,159351],{"className":48,"code":124831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159352,159353,159367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159354,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159356,3066],{"class":65},[55,159358,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159360,3072],{"class":69},[55,159362,3220],{"class":73},[55,159364,3077],{"class":69},[55,159366,3080],{"class":65},[55,159368,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377,159379],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159370,3066],{"class":65},[55,159372,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159374,3072],{"class":69},[55,159376,1962],{"class":73},[55,159378,3077],{"class":69},[55,159380,3080],{"class":65},[20,159382,1866,159383,159386,159387,1377,159390,92],{},[15,159384,159385],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159388,159389],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159391,159392],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[131,159394,12776,159396,159398],{"id":159395},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159397,2073],{}," function does",[20,159400,159401,159403],{},[15,159402,2073],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159405,159406],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159408,159409,159414,159419,159424,159429,159434],{},[33,159410,159411,159413],{},[15,159412,3220],{}," for text",[33,159415,159416,159418],{},[15,159417,1962],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159420,159421,159423],{},[15,159422,1966],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159425,159426,159428],{},[15,159427,7877],{}," for lists",[33,159430,159431,159433],{},[15,159432,8600],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159435,159436,68868,159438,1377,159440],{},[15,159437,3647],{},[15,159439,3380],{},[15,159441,3452],{},[20,159443,159444,159445,159447],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159446,2073],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[131,159449,178],{"id":177},[20,159451,159452],{},"The main beginner form is:",[46,159454,159455],{"className":48,"code":159269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159456,159457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159458,159459,159461,159463,159465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159460,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159462,109],{"class":91},[55,159464,42172],{"class":1265},[55,159466,342],{"class":91},[20,159468,159469],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159471,214],{},[46,159473,159475],{"className":48,"code":159474,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159476,159477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159478,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159480,106],{"class":105},[55,159482,109],{"class":91},[55,159484,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159486,109],{"class":91},[55,159488,228],{"class":69},[55,159490,3624],{"class":73},[55,159492,228],{"class":69},[55,159494,1273],{"class":91},[20,159496,357],{},[46,159498,159499],{"className":48,"code":45540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,159500,159501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159502,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159504,3066],{"class":65},[55,159506,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159508,3072],{"class":69},[55,159510,3220],{"class":73},[55,159512,3077],{"class":69},[55,159514,3080],{"class":65},[20,159516,159517],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159519,159520,159527],{},[33,159521,159522,159523,2651,159525],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159524,64307],{},[15,159526,46296],{},[33,159528,159529,159530,2651,159532],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159531,273],{},[15,159533,9079],{},[131,159535,121652],{"id":121651},[20,159537,159538],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[46,159540,159542],{"className":48,"code":159541,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159543,159544,159562,159576,159590,159612,159638],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159545,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159547,106],{"class":105},[55,159549,109],{"class":91},[55,159551,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159553,109],{"class":91},[55,159555,228],{"class":69},[55,159557,3624],{"class":73},[55,159559,228],{"class":69},[55,159561,1273],{"class":91},[55,159563,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159565,106],{"class":105},[55,159567,109],{"class":91},[55,159569,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159571,109],{"class":91},[55,159573,2101],{"class":1210},[55,159575,1273],{"class":91},[55,159577,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,159579,106],{"class":105},[55,159581,109],{"class":91},[55,159583,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159585,109],{"class":91},[55,159587,39916],{"class":1210},[55,159589,1273],{"class":91},[55,159591,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608,159610],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,159593,106],{"class":105},[55,159595,109],{"class":91},[55,159597,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159599,2758],{"class":91},[55,159601,2761],{"class":1210},[55,159603,2764],{"class":91},[55,159605,2767],{"class":1210},[55,159607,2764],{"class":91},[55,159609,2223],{"class":1210},[55,159611,2774],{"class":91},[55,159613,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634,159636],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,159615,106],{"class":105},[55,159617,109],{"class":91},[55,159619,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159621,5314],{"class":91},[55,159623,228],{"class":69},[55,159625,273],{"class":73},[55,159627,228],{"class":69},[55,159629,539],{"class":91},[55,159631,70],{"class":69},[55,159633,4787],{"class":73},[55,159635,228],{"class":69},[55,159637,5323],{"class":91},[55,159639,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,159641,106],{"class":105},[55,159643,109],{"class":91},[55,159645,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159647,109],{"class":91},[55,159649,3380],{"class":3631},[55,159651,1273],{"class":91},[20,159653,357],{},[46,159655,159657],{"className":48,"code":159656,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159658,159659,159673,159687,159701,159715,159729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159660,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669,159671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159662,3066],{"class":65},[55,159664,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159666,3072],{"class":69},[55,159668,3220],{"class":73},[55,159670,3077],{"class":69},[55,159672,3080],{"class":65},[55,159674,159675,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159676,3066],{"class":65},[55,159678,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159680,3072],{"class":69},[55,159682,1962],{"class":73},[55,159684,3077],{"class":69},[55,159686,3080],{"class":65},[55,159688,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,159690,3066],{"class":65},[55,159692,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159694,3072],{"class":69},[55,159696,1966],{"class":73},[55,159698,3077],{"class":69},[55,159700,3080],{"class":65},[55,159702,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,159704,3066],{"class":65},[55,159706,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159708,3072],{"class":69},[55,159710,7877],{"class":73},[55,159712,3077],{"class":69},[55,159714,3080],{"class":65},[55,159716,159717,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,159718,3066],{"class":65},[55,159720,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159722,3072],{"class":69},[55,159724,8600],{"class":73},[55,159726,3077],{"class":69},[55,159728,3080],{"class":65},[55,159730,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,159732,3066],{"class":65},[55,159734,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159736,3072],{"class":69},[55,159738,3647],{"class":73},[55,159740,3077],{"class":69},[55,159742,3080],{"class":65},[20,159744,159745],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159747,159748,159749,92],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[166,159750,44569],{"href":48749},[131,159752,1185,159754,159756],{"id":159753},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159755,2073],{}," with variables",[20,159758,159759],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159761,159762],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[46,159764,159766],{"className":48,"code":159765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159767,159768,159776,159794,159798,159810,159828,159832,159844],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159769,159770,159772,159774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159771,2218],{"class":61},[55,159773,66],{"class":65},[55,159775,2360],{"class":1210},[55,159777,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159779,106],{"class":105},[55,159781,109],{"class":91},[55,159783,2245],{"class":95},[55,159785,2764],{"class":91},[55,159787,49161],{"class":1265},[55,159789,109],{"class":91},[55,159791,2245],{"class":95},[55,159793,1273],{"class":91},[55,159795,159796],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,159797,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,159799,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,159801,2218],{"class":61},[55,159803,66],{"class":65},[55,159805,70],{"class":69},[55,159807,45677],{"class":73},[55,159809,77],{"class":69},[55,159811,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,159813,106],{"class":105},[55,159815,109],{"class":91},[55,159817,2245],{"class":95},[55,159819,2764],{"class":91},[55,159821,49161],{"class":1265},[55,159823,109],{"class":91},[55,159825,2245],{"class":95},[55,159827,1273],{"class":91},[55,159829,159830],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,159831,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,159833,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,159835,2218],{"class":61},[55,159837,66],{"class":65},[55,159839,3400],{"class":91},[55,159841,2101],{"class":1210},[55,159843,3413],{"class":91},[55,159845,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860],{"class":57,"line":6211},[55,159847,106],{"class":105},[55,159849,109],{"class":91},[55,159851,2245],{"class":95},[55,159853,2764],{"class":91},[55,159855,49161],{"class":1265},[55,159857,109],{"class":91},[55,159859,2245],{"class":95},[55,159861,1273],{"class":91},[20,159863,357],{},[46,159865,159867],{"className":48,"code":159866,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159868,159869,159886,159903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159870,159871,159873,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159872,2101],{"class":1210},[55,159874,159875],{"class":65}," \u003C",[55,159877,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159879,3072],{"class":69},[55,159881,1962],{"class":73},[55,159883,3077],{"class":69},[55,159885,3080],{"class":65},[55,159887,159888,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159889,159890],{"class":61},"ten ",[55,159892,3066],{"class":65},[55,159894,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159896,3072],{"class":69},[55,159898,3220],{"class":73},[55,159900,3077],{"class":69},[55,159902,3080],{"class":65},[55,159904,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,159906,3680],{"class":91},[55,159908,2101],{"class":1210},[55,159910,13052],{"class":91},[55,159912,159875],{"class":65},[55,159914,3069],{"class":1838},[55,159916,3072],{"class":69},[55,159918,7877],{"class":73},[55,159920,3077],{"class":69},[55,159922,3080],{"class":65},[20,159924,159925,159927],{},[15,159926,2073],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159929,159930],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[46,159932,159934],{"className":48,"code":159933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159935,159936,159954,159968,159972,159986],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159937,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159939,3168],{"class":61},[55,159941,66],{"class":65},[55,159943,553],{"class":105},[55,159945,109],{"class":91},[55,159947,228],{"class":69},[55,159949,41644],{"class":73},[55,159951,228],{"class":69},[55,159953,342],{"class":91},[55,159955,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,159957,106],{"class":105},[55,159959,109],{"class":91},[55,159961,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159963,109],{"class":91},[55,159965,3194],{"class":95},[55,159967,1273],{"class":91},[55,159969,159970],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,159971,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,159973,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,159975,122763],{"class":61},[55,159977,66],{"class":65},[55,159979,45046],{"class":1265},[55,159981,109],{"class":91},[55,159983,3194],{"class":95},[55,159985,342],{"class":91},[55,159987,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,159989,106],{"class":105},[55,159991,109],{"class":91},[55,159993,1266],{"class":1265},[55,159995,109],{"class":91},[55,159997,122786],{"class":95},[55,159999,1273],{"class":91},[20,160001,40894,160002,40898],{},[15,160003,8973],{},[46,160005,160006],{"className":48,"code":124831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,160007,160008,160022],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160009,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160011,3066],{"class":65},[55,160013,3069],{"class":1838},[55,160015,3072],{"class":69},[55,160017,3220],{"class":73},[55,160019,3077],{"class":69},[55,160021,3080],{"class":65},[55,160023,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160025,3066],{"class":65},[55,160027,3069],{"class":1838},[55,160029,3072],{"class":69},[55,160031,1962],{"class":73},[55,160033,3077],{"class":69},[55,160035,3080],{"class":65},[20,160037,45473,160038,160042,160043,2651,160047,160051],{},[166,160039,160040],{"href":533},[15,160041,537],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[166,160044,160045],{"href":2647},[15,160046,2650],{},[166,160048,160049],{"href":2654},[15,160050,2657],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160053,160054,160055,92],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[166,160056,8760],{"href":8759},[131,160058,160060,1477,160062],{"id":160059},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160061,2073],{},[15,160063,44577],{},[20,160065,160066,1377,160068,160070],{},[15,160067,2073],{},[15,160069,44577],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160072,160073,160078],{},[33,160074,160075,160077],{},[15,160076,2073],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160079,160080,160082],{},[15,160081,44577],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160084,214],{},[46,160086,160088],{"className":48,"code":160087,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160089,160090,160098,160102,160116],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160091,160092,160094,160096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160093,2218],{"class":61},[55,160095,66],{"class":65},[55,160097,34612],{"class":1210},[55,160099,160100],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160101,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,160103,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,160105,106],{"class":105},[55,160107,109],{"class":91},[55,160109,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160111,109],{"class":91},[55,160113,2245],{"class":95},[55,160115,1273],{"class":91},[55,160117,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128,160130,160132],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,160119,106],{"class":105},[55,160121,109],{"class":91},[55,160123,48646],{"class":105},[55,160125,109],{"class":91},[55,160127,2245],{"class":95},[55,160129,2764],{"class":91},[55,160131,45046],{"class":1265},[55,160133,1273],{"class":91},[20,160135,357],{},[46,160137,160139],{"className":48,"code":160138,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160140,160141,160155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160142,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160144,3066],{"class":65},[55,160146,3069],{"class":1838},[55,160148,3072],{"class":69},[55,160150,1962],{"class":73},[55,160152,3077],{"class":69},[55,160154,3080],{"class":65},[55,160156,160157],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160158,3760],{"class":3631},[20,160160,160161,160162,160164],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160163,44577],{}," is more practical.",[46,160166,160168],{"className":48,"code":160167,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160169,160170,160178,160182,160198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160171,160172,160174,160176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160173,2218],{"class":61},[55,160175,66],{"class":65},[55,160177,34612],{"class":1210},[55,160179,160180],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160181,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,160183,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,160185,488],{"class":487},[55,160187,49384],{"class":105},[55,160189,109],{"class":91},[55,160191,2245],{"class":95},[55,160193,2764],{"class":91},[55,160195,45046],{"class":1265},[55,160197,8124],{"class":91},[55,160199,160200,160202,160204,160206,160209,160211],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,160201,516],{"class":105},[55,160203,109],{"class":91},[55,160205,228],{"class":69},[55,160207,160208],{"class":73},"This is an integer",[55,160210,228],{"class":69},[55,160212,342],{"class":91},[20,160214,1866,160215,160217],{},[15,160216,2073],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160219,1866,160220,160222,160223,6958],{},[15,160221,44577],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160224,488],{},[20,160226,160227,160228,92],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[166,160229,1686,160231,1689],{"href":160230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160232,44577],{},[131,160234,160236,160237],{"id":160235},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160238,2073],{},[20,160240,160241],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[46,160243,160245],{"className":48,"code":160244,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160246,160247],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160248,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257,160260,160262,160264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160250,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160252,109],{"class":91},[55,160254,273],{"class":95},[55,160256,2764],{"class":91},[55,160258,160259],{"class":95}," bases",[55,160261,2764],{"class":91},[55,160263,8950],{"class":1265},[55,160265,342],{"class":91},[20,160267,160268],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160270,214],{},[46,160272,160274],{"className":48,"code":160273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160275,160276,160319,160323,160333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160277,160278,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289,160292,160294,160296,160299,160301,160303,160306,160308,160310,160312,160315,160317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160279,160280],{"class":61},"Person ",[55,160282,66],{"class":65},[55,160284,49161],{"class":1265},[55,160286,109],{"class":91},[55,160288,228],{"class":69},[55,160290,160291],{"class":73},"Person",[55,160293,228],{"class":69},[55,160295,2764],{"class":91},[55,160297,160298],{"class":91}," (),",[55,160300,10272],{"class":91},[55,160302,228],{"class":69},[55,160304,160305],{"class":73},"species",[55,160307,228],{"class":69},[55,160309,539],{"class":91},[55,160311,70],{"class":69},[55,160313,160314],{"class":73},"human",[55,160316,228],{"class":69},[55,160318,30268],{"class":91},[55,160320,160321],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160322,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,160324,160325,160327,160329,160331],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,160326,106],{"class":105},[55,160328,109],{"class":91},[55,160330,160291],{"class":95},[55,160332,342],{"class":91},[55,160334,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,160336,106],{"class":105},[55,160338,109],{"class":91},[55,160340,160291],{"class":95},[55,160342,92],{"class":91},[55,160344,160305],{"class":1047},[55,160346,342],{"class":91},[20,160348,357],{},[46,160350,160352],{"className":48,"code":160351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160353,160354,160369],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160355,160356,160358,160360,160362,160365,160367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160357,3066],{"class":65},[55,160359,3069],{"class":1838},[55,160361,3072],{"class":69},[55,160363,160364],{"class":73},"__main__.Person",[55,160366,3077],{"class":69},[55,160368,3080],{"class":65},[55,160370,160371],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160372,160373],{"class":61},"human\n",[20,160375,160376,160377,160379],{},"Most beginners do ",[123,160378,902],{}," need this form.",[20,160381,160382],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[131,160384,4744,160386],{"id":160385},"when-to-use-type",[15,160387,2073],{},[20,160389,160390,12225],{},[15,160391,2073],{},[30,160393,160394,160397,160400,160403],{},[33,160395,160396],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160398,160399],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160401,160402],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160404,160405],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160407,5256],{},[46,160409,160411],{"className":48,"code":160410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160412,160413,160425,160439,160443,160457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160414,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160416,62],{"class":61},[55,160418,66],{"class":65},[55,160420,70],{"class":69},[55,160422,50017],{"class":73},[55,160424,77],{"class":69},[55,160426,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435,160437],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160428,1205],{"class":61},[55,160430,66],{"class":65},[55,160432,45046],{"class":1265},[55,160434,109],{"class":91},[55,160436,352],{"class":95},[55,160438,342],{"class":91},[55,160440,160441],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,160442,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,160444,160445,160447,160449,160451,160453,160455],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,160446,106],{"class":105},[55,160448,109],{"class":91},[55,160450,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160452,109],{"class":91},[55,160454,352],{"class":95},[55,160456,1273],{"class":91},[55,160458,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,160460,106],{"class":105},[55,160462,109],{"class":91},[55,160464,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160466,109],{"class":91},[55,160468,1220],{"class":95},[55,160470,1273],{"class":91},[20,160472,357],{},[46,160474,160475],{"className":48,"code":124831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,160476,160477,160491],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160478,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160480,3066],{"class":65},[55,160482,3069],{"class":1838},[55,160484,3072],{"class":69},[55,160486,3220],{"class":73},[55,160488,3077],{"class":69},[55,160490,3080],{"class":65},[55,160492,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501,160503],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160494,3066],{"class":65},[55,160496,3069],{"class":1838},[55,160498,3072],{"class":69},[55,160500,1962],{"class":73},[55,160502,3077],{"class":69},[55,160504,3080],{"class":65},[20,160506,160507],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160509,160510,160511,1963,160515,16850,160519,160523],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[166,160512,160513],{"href":41948},[15,160514,47454],{},[166,160516,160517],{"href":2647},[15,160518,2650],{},[166,160520,160521],{"href":2654},[15,160522,2657],{}," are often the next step.",[131,160525,25132],{"id":25131},[20,160527,160528,160529,160531],{},"A few things about ",[15,160530,2073],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1003,160533,160535,160538],{"id":160534},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160536,160537],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160540,64416],{},[46,160542,160544],{"className":48,"code":160543,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160545,160546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160547,160548,160550,160552,160554,160556,160558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160549,106],{"class":105},[55,160551,109],{"class":91},[55,160553,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160555,109],{"class":91},[55,160557,1911],{"class":1210},[55,160559,1273],{"class":91},[20,160561,122682],{},[46,160563,160564],{"className":48,"code":156013,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,160565,160566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160567,160568,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160569,3066],{"class":65},[55,160571,3069],{"class":1838},[55,160573,3072],{"class":69},[55,160575,1962],{"class":73},[55,160577,3077],{"class":69},[55,160579,3080],{"class":65},[20,160581,40679,160582,160584,160585,92],{},[123,160583,902],{}," print just ",[15,160586,1962],{},[20,160588,6463,160589,160591],{},[15,160590,2073],{}," returns a class object.",[1003,160593,160595,2168,160597],{"id":160594},"input-returns-str",[15,160596,537],{},[15,160598,3220],{},[20,160600,79315],{},[46,160602,160604],{"className":48,"code":160603,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160605,160606,160624],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160607,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160609,2218],{"class":61},[55,160611,66],{"class":65},[55,160613,553],{"class":105},[55,160615,109],{"class":91},[55,160617,228],{"class":69},[55,160619,46080],{"class":73},[55,160621,228],{"class":69},[55,160623,342],{"class":91},[55,160625,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160627,106],{"class":105},[55,160629,109],{"class":91},[55,160631,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160633,109],{"class":91},[55,160635,2245],{"class":95},[55,160637,1273],{"class":91},[20,160639,160640],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160642,160643,160644,2651,160646,92],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160645,2650],{},[15,160647,2657],{},[1003,160649,160651],{"id":160650},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160653,160654],{},"Avoid code like this:",[46,160656,160658],{"className":48,"code":160657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160659,160660,160668,160672,160698],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160661,160662,160664,160666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160663,2218],{"class":61},[55,160665,66],{"class":65},[55,160667,34612],{"class":1210},[55,160669,160670],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160671,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,160673,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694,160696],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,160675,488],{"class":487},[55,160677,48675],{"class":1265},[55,160679,109],{"class":91},[55,160681,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160683,109],{"class":91},[55,160685,2245],{"class":95},[55,160687,5145],{"class":91},[55,160689,501],{"class":65},[55,160691,70],{"class":69},[55,160693,159392],{"class":73},[55,160695,228],{"class":69},[55,160697,511],{"class":91},[55,160699,160700,160702,160704,160706,160709,160711],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,160701,516],{"class":105},[55,160703,109],{"class":91},[55,160705,228],{"class":69},[55,160707,160708],{"class":73},"It is an int",[55,160710,228],{"class":69},[55,160712,342],{"class":91},[20,160714,160715],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160717,160718],{},"Better options:",[46,160720,160722],{"className":48,"code":160721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160723,160724,160732,160736,160756],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160725,160726,160728,160730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160727,2218],{"class":61},[55,160729,66],{"class":65},[55,160731,34612],{"class":1210},[55,160733,160734],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160735,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,160737,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752,160754],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,160739,106],{"class":105},[55,160741,109],{"class":91},[55,160743,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160745,109],{"class":91},[55,160747,2245],{"class":95},[55,160749,115],{"class":91},[55,160751,501],{"class":65},[55,160753,45046],{"class":1265},[55,160755,342],{"class":91},[55,160757,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,160759,106],{"class":105},[55,160761,109],{"class":91},[55,160763,48646],{"class":105},[55,160765,109],{"class":91},[55,160767,2245],{"class":95},[55,160769,2764],{"class":91},[55,160771,45046],{"class":1265},[55,160773,1273],{"class":91},[20,160775,357],{},[46,160777,160778],{"className":48,"code":4287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,160779,160780,160784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160781,160782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160783,3760],{"class":3631},[55,160785,160786],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160787,3760],{"class":3631},[20,160789,160790,160791,160793],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160792,44577],{}," is the more useful check.",[131,160795,1001],{"id":1000},[20,160797,14513,160798,539],{},[15,160799,2073],{},[30,160801,160802,160812,160821,160830],{},[33,160803,1185,160804,160806,160807,160811],{},[15,160805,2073],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[166,160808,160809],{"href":533},[15,160810,537],{}," always returns a string",[33,160813,8235,160814,160816,160817,1012,160819],{},[15,160815,2073],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160818,1962],{},[15,160820,159392],{},[33,160822,1185,160823,44401,160826,160829],{},[15,160824,160825],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160827,160828],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,160831,160832],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160834,160835,160836,92],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[166,160837,160839],{"href":160838},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160841,144167],{},[46,160843,160845],{"className":48,"code":160844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160846,160847,160861,160871,160885,160895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160848,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160850,106],{"class":105},[55,160852,109],{"class":91},[55,160854,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160856,109],{"class":91},[55,160858,2245],{"class":95},[55,160860,1273],{"class":91},[55,160862,160863,160865,160867,160869],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,160864,106],{"class":105},[55,160866,109],{"class":91},[55,160868,2245],{"class":95},[55,160870,342],{"class":91},[55,160872,160873,160875,160877,160879,160881,160883],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,160874,106],{"class":105},[55,160876,109],{"class":91},[55,160878,41552],{"class":105},[55,160880,109],{"class":91},[55,160882,2245],{"class":95},[55,160884,1273],{"class":91},[55,160886,160887,160889,160891,160893],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,160888,31925],{"class":105},[55,160890,109],{"class":91},[55,160892,1266],{"class":1265},[55,160894,342],{"class":91},[55,160896,160897,160899,160901,160903],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,160898,34145],{"class":105},[55,160900,109],{"class":91},[55,160902,2245],{"class":95},[55,160904,342],{"class":91},[20,160906,160907],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[131,160909,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,160911,1603,160913,4928],{"id":160912},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160914,2073],{},[20,160916,160917,160918,1963,160920,1963,160922,1967,160924,160926,160927,92],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160919,3220],{},[15,160921,1962],{},[15,160923,7877],{},[15,160925,8600],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160928,159389],{},[1003,160930,14683,160932,56977,160934,1631],{"id":160931},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160933,2073],{},[15,160935,44577],{},[20,160937,46135,160938,160940,160941,160943],{},[15,160939,2073],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160942,44577],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1003,160945,4941,160947,160950,160951,1631],{"id":160946},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160948,160949],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160952,3220],{},[20,160954,1373,160955,160957,160958,2651,160960,160051],{},[15,160956,537],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160959,2650],{},[15,160961,2657],{},[1003,160963,4953,160965,160967],{"id":160964},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160966,2073],{}," create classes?",[20,160969,160970,160971,92],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160972,160973],{},"type(object)",[131,160975,1643],{"id":1642},[30,160977,160978,160982,160988,160994,160998,161004,161010],{},[33,160979,160980],{},[166,160981,44569],{"href":48749},[33,160983,160984],{},[166,160985,1686,160986,1689],{"href":160230},[15,160987,44577],{},[33,160989,160990],{},[166,160991,1686,160992,1689],{"href":533},[15,160993,537],{},[33,160995,160996],{},[166,160997,8837],{"href":8759},[33,160999,161000],{},[166,161001,1686,161002,1689],{"href":2647},[15,161003,2650],{},[33,161005,161006],{},[166,161007,1686,161008,1689],{"href":2654},[15,161009,2657],{},[33,161011,161012],{},[166,161013,1686,161014,1689],{"href":41948},[15,161015,47454],{},[1696,161017,161018],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":161020},[161021,161022,161024,161025,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034,161041,161042,161052],{"id":3384,"depth":80,"text":3385},{"id":159395,"depth":80,"text":161023},"What the type() function does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":121651,"depth":80,"text":121652},{"id":159753,"depth":80,"text":161027},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160059,"depth":80,"text":161029},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160235,"depth":80,"text":161031},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160385,"depth":80,"text":161033},"When to use type()",{"id":25131,"depth":80,"text":25132,"children":161035},[161036,161038,161040],{"id":160534,"depth":102,"text":161037},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160594,"depth":102,"text":161039},"input() returns str",{"id":160650,"depth":102,"text":160651},{"id":1000,"depth":80,"text":1001},{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":161043},[161044,161046,161048,161050],{"id":160912,"depth":102,"text":161045},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160931,"depth":102,"text":161047},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160946,"depth":102,"text":161049},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160964,"depth":102,"text":161051},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159229,"description":161053},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161059,"title":161060,"body":161061,"description":163540,"extension":1733,"meta":163541,"navigation":248,"path":163542,"seo":163543,"stem":163544,"__hash__":163545},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161062,"toc":163497},[161063,161068,161073,161082,161084,161184,161186,161211,161216,161221,161237,161240,161242,161244,161269,161272,161275,161358,161360,161409,161412,161534,161536,161609,161613,161616,161730,161732,161758,161760,161781,161786,161790,161795,161798,161902,161904,161921,161930,161933,162020,162022,162033,162038,162044,162049,162055,162058,162151,162153,162202,162208,162211,162312,162314,162367,162372,162376,162379,162478,162480,162519,162522,162527,162529,162534,162538,162651,162655,162752,162756,162844,162846,162863,162867,162990,162996,163002,163008,163013,163016,163043,163047,163049,163143,163146,163150,163153,163240,163243,163278,163280,163317,163320,163328,163333,163338,163412,163419,163421,163426,163429,163435,163438,163444,163449,163455,163460,163464,163467,163469,163494],[10,161064,1686,161066,3355],{"id":161065},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161067,64092],{},[20,161069,161070,161072],{},[15,161071,64092],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161074,161075,161076,161078,161079,161081],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161077,64092],{}," inside a ",[15,161080,5743],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[131,161083,1775],{"id":1774},[46,161085,161087],{"className":48,"code":161086,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161088,161089,161121,161141,161145,161170],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161090,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161092,4778],{"class":61},[55,161094,66],{"class":65},[55,161096,3400],{"class":91},[55,161098,228],{"class":69},[55,161100,12660],{"class":73},[55,161102,228],{"class":69},[55,161104,2764],{"class":91},[55,161106,70],{"class":69},[55,161108,35711],{"class":73},[55,161110,228],{"class":69},[55,161112,2764],{"class":91},[55,161114,70],{"class":69},[55,161116,35720],{"class":73},[55,161118,228],{"class":69},[55,161120,3413],{"class":91},[55,161122,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137,161139],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161124,4847],{"class":61},[55,161126,66],{"class":65},[55,161128,3400],{"class":91},[55,161130,13281],{"class":1210},[55,161132,2764],{"class":91},[55,161134,13286],{"class":1210},[55,161136,2764],{"class":91},[55,161138,28692],{"class":1210},[55,161140,3413],{"class":91},[55,161142,161143],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161144,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,161146,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161160,161162,161164,161166,161168],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,161148,5743],{"class":487},[55,161150,849],{"class":61},[55,161152,2764],{"class":91},[55,161154,4889],{"class":61},[55,161156,3662],{"class":487},[55,161158,161159],{"class":105}," zip",[55,161161,109],{"class":91},[55,161163,4822],{"class":95},[55,161165,2764],{"class":91},[55,161167,4894],{"class":95},[55,161169,8124],{"class":91},[55,161171,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,161173,516],{"class":105},[55,161175,109],{"class":91},[55,161177,273],{"class":95},[55,161179,2764],{"class":91},[55,161181,130615],{"class":95},[55,161183,342],{"class":91},[20,161185,357],{},[46,161187,161189],{"className":48,"code":161188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161190,161191,161197,161204],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161192,161193,161195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161194,133633],{"class":61},[55,161196,32909],{"class":1210},[55,161198,161199,161202],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161200,161201],{"class":61},"Ben ",[55,161203,32914],{"class":1210},[55,161205,161206,161209],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161207,161208],{"class":61},"Cara ",[55,161210,32919],{"class":1210},[20,161212,1866,161213,161215],{},[15,161214,64092],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[131,161217,134,161219,137],{"id":161218},"what-zip-does",[15,161220,64092],{},[30,161222,161223,161228,161231,161234],{},[33,161224,161225,161227],{},[15,161226,64092],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161229,161230],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161232,161233],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161235,161236],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161238,161239],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[131,161241,178],{"id":177},[20,161243,7003],{},[46,161245,161247],{"className":48,"code":161246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161248,161249],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161250,161251,161253,161255,161258,161260,161263,161265,161267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161252,64162],{"class":105},[55,161254,109],{"class":91},[55,161256,161257],{"class":95},"iterable1",[55,161259,2764],{"class":91},[55,161261,161262],{"class":95}," iterable2",[55,161264,2764],{"class":91},[55,161266,34226],{"class":105},[55,161268,342],{"class":91},[20,161270,161271],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161273,161274],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[46,161276,161278],{"className":48,"code":161277,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161279,161280,161300,161332,161336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161281,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161283,3395],{"class":61},[55,161285,66],{"class":65},[55,161287,3400],{"class":91},[55,161289,2761],{"class":1210},[55,161291,2764],{"class":91},[55,161293,2767],{"class":1210},[55,161295,2764],{"class":91},[55,161297,2223],{"class":1210},[55,161299,3413],{"class":91},[55,161301,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161303,35860],{"class":61},[55,161305,66],{"class":65},[55,161307,3400],{"class":91},[55,161309,228],{"class":69},[55,161311,166],{"class":73},[55,161313,228],{"class":69},[55,161315,2764],{"class":91},[55,161317,70],{"class":69},[55,161319,4543],{"class":73},[55,161321,228],{"class":69},[55,161323,2764],{"class":91},[55,161325,70],{"class":69},[55,161327,9520],{"class":73},[55,161329,228],{"class":69},[55,161331,3413],{"class":91},[55,161333,161334],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161335,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,161337,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,161339,106],{"class":105},[55,161341,109],{"class":91},[55,161343,7877],{"class":1265},[55,161345,109],{"class":91},[55,161347,64162],{"class":105},[55,161349,109],{"class":91},[55,161351,3427],{"class":95},[55,161353,2764],{"class":91},[55,161355,69869],{"class":95},[55,161357,2685],{"class":91},[20,161359,357],{},[46,161361,161363],{"className":48,"code":161362,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161364,161365],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161366,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161368,21517],{"class":91},[55,161370,2761],{"class":1210},[55,161372,2764],{"class":91},[55,161374,3072],{"class":69},[55,161376,166],{"class":73},[55,161378,3077],{"class":69},[55,161380,9013],{"class":91},[55,161382,9016],{"class":91},[55,161384,1829],{"class":1210},[55,161386,2764],{"class":91},[55,161388,3072],{"class":69},[55,161390,4543],{"class":73},[55,161392,3077],{"class":69},[55,161394,9013],{"class":91},[55,161396,9016],{"class":91},[55,161398,1835],{"class":1210},[55,161400,2764],{"class":91},[55,161402,3072],{"class":69},[55,161404,9520],{"class":73},[55,161406,3077],{"class":69},[55,161408,9029],{"class":91},[20,161410,161411],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[46,161413,161415],{"className":48,"code":161414,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161416,161417,161449,161469,161503,161507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161418,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161420,4778],{"class":61},[55,161422,66],{"class":65},[55,161424,3400],{"class":91},[55,161426,228],{"class":69},[55,161428,12660],{"class":73},[55,161430,228],{"class":69},[55,161432,2764],{"class":91},[55,161434,70],{"class":69},[55,161436,35711],{"class":73},[55,161438,228],{"class":69},[55,161440,2764],{"class":91},[55,161442,70],{"class":69},[55,161444,35720],{"class":73},[55,161446,228],{"class":69},[55,161448,3413],{"class":91},[55,161450,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161452,4847],{"class":61},[55,161454,66],{"class":65},[55,161456,3400],{"class":91},[55,161458,13281],{"class":1210},[55,161460,2764],{"class":91},[55,161462,13286],{"class":1210},[55,161464,2764],{"class":91},[55,161466,28692],{"class":1210},[55,161468,3413],{"class":91},[55,161470,161471,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161499,161501],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161472,161473],{"class":61},"grades ",[55,161475,66],{"class":65},[55,161477,3400],{"class":91},[55,161479,228],{"class":69},[55,161481,22021],{"class":73},[55,161483,228],{"class":69},[55,161485,2764],{"class":91},[55,161487,70],{"class":69},[55,161489,30372],{"class":73},[55,161491,228],{"class":69},[55,161493,2764],{"class":91},[55,161495,70],{"class":69},[55,161497,161498],{"class":73},"B+",[55,161500,228],{"class":69},[55,161502,3413],{"class":91},[55,161504,161505],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,161506,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,161508,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161532],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,161510,106],{"class":105},[55,161512,109],{"class":91},[55,161514,7877],{"class":1265},[55,161516,109],{"class":91},[55,161518,64162],{"class":105},[55,161520,109],{"class":91},[55,161522,4822],{"class":95},[55,161524,2764],{"class":91},[55,161526,4894],{"class":95},[55,161528,2764],{"class":91},[55,161530,161531],{"class":95}," grades",[55,161533,2685],{"class":91},[20,161535,357],{},[46,161537,161539],{"className":48,"code":161538,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161540,161541],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161542,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161544,21517],{"class":91},[55,161546,3077],{"class":69},[55,161548,12660],{"class":73},[55,161550,3077],{"class":69},[55,161552,2764],{"class":91},[55,161554,19676],{"class":1210},[55,161556,2764],{"class":91},[55,161558,3072],{"class":69},[55,161560,22021],{"class":73},[55,161562,3077],{"class":69},[55,161564,9013],{"class":91},[55,161566,9016],{"class":91},[55,161568,3077],{"class":69},[55,161570,35711],{"class":73},[55,161572,3077],{"class":69},[55,161574,2764],{"class":91},[55,161576,13286],{"class":1210},[55,161578,2764],{"class":91},[55,161580,3072],{"class":69},[55,161582,30372],{"class":73},[55,161584,3077],{"class":69},[55,161586,9013],{"class":91},[55,161588,9016],{"class":91},[55,161590,3077],{"class":69},[55,161592,35720],{"class":73},[55,161594,3077],{"class":69},[55,161596,2764],{"class":91},[55,161598,28692],{"class":1210},[55,161600,2764],{"class":91},[55,161602,3072],{"class":69},[55,161604,161498],{"class":73},[55,161606,3077],{"class":69},[55,161608,9029],{"class":91},[131,161610,161612],{"id":161611},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161614,161615],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[46,161617,161619],{"className":48,"code":161618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161620,161621,161653,161673,161677,161701],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161622,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161624,4778],{"class":61},[55,161626,66],{"class":65},[55,161628,3400],{"class":91},[55,161630,228],{"class":69},[55,161632,12660],{"class":73},[55,161634,228],{"class":69},[55,161636,2764],{"class":91},[55,161638,70],{"class":69},[55,161640,35711],{"class":73},[55,161642,228],{"class":69},[55,161644,2764],{"class":91},[55,161646,70],{"class":69},[55,161648,35720],{"class":73},[55,161650,228],{"class":69},[55,161652,3413],{"class":91},[55,161654,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161656,4847],{"class":61},[55,161658,66],{"class":65},[55,161660,3400],{"class":91},[55,161662,13281],{"class":1210},[55,161664,2764],{"class":91},[55,161666,13286],{"class":1210},[55,161668,2764],{"class":91},[55,161670,28692],{"class":1210},[55,161672,3413],{"class":91},[55,161674,161675],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161676,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,161678,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,161680,5743],{"class":487},[55,161682,849],{"class":61},[55,161684,2764],{"class":91},[55,161686,4889],{"class":61},[55,161688,3662],{"class":487},[55,161690,161159],{"class":105},[55,161692,109],{"class":91},[55,161694,4822],{"class":95},[55,161696,2764],{"class":91},[55,161698,4894],{"class":95},[55,161700,8124],{"class":91},[55,161702,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,161704,516],{"class":105},[55,161706,109],{"class":91},[55,161708,22070],{"class":1838},[55,161710,228],{"class":73},[55,161712,9058],{"class":1210},[55,161714,273],{"class":95},[55,161716,22079],{"class":1210},[55,161718,161719],{"class":73}," scored ",[55,161721,9058],{"class":1210},[55,161723,85292],{"class":95},[55,161725,22079],{"class":1210},[55,161727,228],{"class":73},[55,161729,342],{"class":91},[20,161731,357],{},[46,161733,161735],{"className":48,"code":161734,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161736,161737,161744,161751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161738,161739,161742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161740,161741],{"class":61},"Ana scored ",[55,161743,32909],{"class":1210},[55,161745,161746,161749],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161747,161748],{"class":61},"Ben scored ",[55,161750,32914],{"class":1210},[55,161752,161753,161756],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161754,161755],{"class":61},"Cara scored ",[55,161757,32919],{"class":1210},[20,161759,44702],{},[30,161761,161762,161771,161774],{},[33,161763,161764,161767,161768],{},[15,161765,161766],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161769,161770],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,161772,161773],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,161775,161776,1377,161778,161780],{},[15,161777,273],{},[15,161779,85292],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161782,161783,161784,92],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[166,161785,69386],{"href":69385},[131,161787,161789],{"id":161788},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161791,161792,161794],{},[15,161793,64092],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161796,161797],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[46,161799,161801],{"className":48,"code":161800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161802,161803,161844,161860,161864,161888],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161804,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161840,161842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161806,4778],{"class":61},[55,161808,66],{"class":65},[55,161810,3400],{"class":91},[55,161812,228],{"class":69},[55,161814,12660],{"class":73},[55,161816,228],{"class":69},[55,161818,2764],{"class":91},[55,161820,70],{"class":69},[55,161822,35711],{"class":73},[55,161824,228],{"class":69},[55,161826,2764],{"class":91},[55,161828,70],{"class":69},[55,161830,35720],{"class":73},[55,161832,228],{"class":69},[55,161834,2764],{"class":91},[55,161836,70],{"class":69},[55,161838,161839],{"class":73},"Dan",[55,161841,228],{"class":69},[55,161843,3413],{"class":91},[55,161845,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161847,4847],{"class":61},[55,161849,66],{"class":65},[55,161851,3400],{"class":91},[55,161853,13281],{"class":1210},[55,161855,2764],{"class":91},[55,161857,13286],{"class":1210},[55,161859,3413],{"class":91},[55,161861,161862],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161863,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,161865,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,161867,5743],{"class":487},[55,161869,849],{"class":61},[55,161871,2764],{"class":91},[55,161873,4889],{"class":61},[55,161875,3662],{"class":487},[55,161877,161159],{"class":105},[55,161879,109],{"class":91},[55,161881,4822],{"class":95},[55,161883,2764],{"class":91},[55,161885,4894],{"class":95},[55,161887,8124],{"class":91},[55,161889,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,161891,516],{"class":105},[55,161893,109],{"class":91},[55,161895,273],{"class":95},[55,161897,2764],{"class":91},[55,161899,130615],{"class":95},[55,161901,342],{"class":91},[20,161903,357],{},[46,161905,161907],{"className":48,"code":161906,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161908,161909,161915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161910,161911,161913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161912,133633],{"class":61},[55,161914,32909],{"class":1210},[55,161916,161917,161919],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161918,161201],{"class":61},[55,161920,32914],{"class":1210},[20,161922,2057,161923,1377,161926,161929],{},[15,161924,161925],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161927,161928],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161931,161932],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[46,161934,161936],{"className":48,"code":161935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161937,161938,161978,161994,161998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161939,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161941,4778],{"class":61},[55,161943,66],{"class":65},[55,161945,3400],{"class":91},[55,161947,228],{"class":69},[55,161949,12660],{"class":73},[55,161951,228],{"class":69},[55,161953,2764],{"class":91},[55,161955,70],{"class":69},[55,161957,35711],{"class":73},[55,161959,228],{"class":69},[55,161961,2764],{"class":91},[55,161963,70],{"class":69},[55,161965,35720],{"class":73},[55,161967,228],{"class":69},[55,161969,2764],{"class":91},[55,161971,70],{"class":69},[55,161973,161839],{"class":73},[55,161975,228],{"class":69},[55,161977,3413],{"class":91},[55,161979,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,161981,4847],{"class":61},[55,161983,66],{"class":65},[55,161985,3400],{"class":91},[55,161987,13281],{"class":1210},[55,161989,2764],{"class":91},[55,161991,13286],{"class":1210},[55,161993,3413],{"class":91},[55,161995,161996],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,161997,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,161999,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162001,106],{"class":105},[55,162003,109],{"class":91},[55,162005,10942],{"class":105},[55,162007,109],{"class":91},[55,162009,4822],{"class":95},[55,162011,9013],{"class":91},[55,162013,38158],{"class":105},[55,162015,109],{"class":91},[55,162017,16168],{"class":95},[55,162019,1273],{"class":91},[20,162021,357],{},[46,162023,162025],{"className":48,"code":162024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4 2\n",[15,162026,162027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162028,162029,162031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162030,2277],{"class":1210},[55,162032,45359],{"class":1210},[20,162034,162035,162036,92],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162037,64092],{},[131,162039,91879,162041,162043],{"id":162040},"converting-zip-output",[15,162042,64092],{}," output",[20,162045,1373,162046,162048],{},[15,162047,64092],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1003,162050,1866,162052],{"id":162051},"use-listzip",[15,162053,162054],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162056,162057],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[46,162059,162061],{"className":48,"code":162060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162062,162063,162095,162115,162119,162141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162064,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162066,4778],{"class":61},[55,162068,66],{"class":65},[55,162070,3400],{"class":91},[55,162072,228],{"class":69},[55,162074,12660],{"class":73},[55,162076,228],{"class":69},[55,162078,2764],{"class":91},[55,162080,70],{"class":69},[55,162082,35711],{"class":73},[55,162084,228],{"class":69},[55,162086,2764],{"class":91},[55,162088,70],{"class":69},[55,162090,35720],{"class":73},[55,162092,228],{"class":69},[55,162094,3413],{"class":91},[55,162096,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162098,4847],{"class":61},[55,162100,66],{"class":65},[55,162102,3400],{"class":91},[55,162104,13281],{"class":1210},[55,162106,2764],{"class":91},[55,162108,13286],{"class":1210},[55,162110,2764],{"class":91},[55,162112,28692],{"class":1210},[55,162114,3413],{"class":91},[55,162116,162117],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162118,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162120,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162122,8995],{"class":61},[55,162124,66],{"class":65},[55,162126,22336],{"class":1265},[55,162128,109],{"class":91},[55,162130,64162],{"class":105},[55,162132,109],{"class":91},[55,162134,4822],{"class":95},[55,162136,2764],{"class":91},[55,162138,4894],{"class":95},[55,162140,1273],{"class":91},[55,162142,162143,162145,162147,162149],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,162144,106],{"class":105},[55,162146,109],{"class":91},[55,162148,9042],{"class":95},[55,162150,342],{"class":91},[20,162152,357],{},[46,162154,162156],{"className":48,"code":162155,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162157,162158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162159,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162161,21517],{"class":91},[55,162163,3077],{"class":69},[55,162165,12660],{"class":73},[55,162167,3077],{"class":69},[55,162169,2764],{"class":91},[55,162171,19676],{"class":1210},[55,162173,9013],{"class":91},[55,162175,9016],{"class":91},[55,162177,3077],{"class":69},[55,162179,35711],{"class":73},[55,162181,3077],{"class":69},[55,162183,2764],{"class":91},[55,162185,13286],{"class":1210},[55,162187,9013],{"class":91},[55,162189,9016],{"class":91},[55,162191,3077],{"class":69},[55,162193,35720],{"class":73},[55,162195,3077],{"class":69},[55,162197,2764],{"class":91},[55,162199,28692],{"class":1210},[55,162201,9029],{"class":91},[1003,162203,1866,162205],{"id":162204},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162206,162207],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162209,162210],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[46,162212,162214],{"className":48,"code":162213,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162215,162216,162248,162276,162280,162302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162217,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162219,17020],{"class":61},[55,162221,66],{"class":65},[55,162223,3400],{"class":91},[55,162225,228],{"class":69},[55,162227,273],{"class":73},[55,162229,228],{"class":69},[55,162231,2764],{"class":91},[55,162233,70],{"class":69},[55,162235,9079],{"class":73},[55,162237,228],{"class":69},[55,162239,2764],{"class":91},[55,162241,70],{"class":69},[55,162243,10190],{"class":73},[55,162245,228],{"class":69},[55,162247,3413],{"class":91},[55,162249,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162251,3601],{"class":61},[55,162253,66],{"class":65},[55,162255,3400],{"class":91},[55,162257,228],{"class":69},[55,162259,12660],{"class":73},[55,162261,228],{"class":69},[55,162263,2764],{"class":91},[55,162265,9086],{"class":1210},[55,162267,2764],{"class":91},[55,162269,70],{"class":69},[55,162271,15810],{"class":73},[55,162273,228],{"class":69},[55,162275,3413],{"class":91},[55,162277,162278],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162279,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162281,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162283,12983],{"class":61},[55,162285,66],{"class":65},[55,162287,8950],{"class":1265},[55,162289,109],{"class":91},[55,162291,64162],{"class":105},[55,162293,109],{"class":91},[55,162295,16701],{"class":95},[55,162297,2764],{"class":91},[55,162299,3665],{"class":95},[55,162301,1273],{"class":91},[55,162303,162304,162306,162308,162310],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,162305,106],{"class":105},[55,162307,109],{"class":91},[55,162309,17085],{"class":95},[55,162311,342],{"class":91},[20,162313,357],{},[46,162315,162317],{"className":48,"code":162316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162318,162319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162320,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162322,9058],{"class":91},[55,162324,3077],{"class":69},[55,162326,273],{"class":73},[55,162328,3077],{"class":69},[55,162330,539],{"class":91},[55,162332,3072],{"class":69},[55,162334,12660],{"class":73},[55,162336,3077],{"class":69},[55,162338,2764],{"class":91},[55,162340,3072],{"class":69},[55,162342,9079],{"class":73},[55,162344,3077],{"class":69},[55,162346,539],{"class":91},[55,162348,9086],{"class":1210},[55,162350,2764],{"class":91},[55,162352,3072],{"class":69},[55,162354,10190],{"class":73},[55,162356,3077],{"class":69},[55,162358,539],{"class":91},[55,162360,3072],{"class":69},[55,162362,15810],{"class":73},[55,162364,3077],{"class":69},[55,162366,9089],{"class":91},[20,162368,162369,162370,92],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[166,162371,30859],{"href":30858},[1003,162373,162375],{"id":162374},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162377,162378],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[46,162380,162382],{"className":48,"code":162381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162383,162384,162408,162424,162428,162446,162450,162464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162385,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162387,4778],{"class":61},[55,162389,66],{"class":65},[55,162391,3400],{"class":91},[55,162393,228],{"class":69},[55,162395,12660],{"class":73},[55,162397,228],{"class":69},[55,162399,2764],{"class":91},[55,162401,70],{"class":69},[55,162403,35711],{"class":73},[55,162405,228],{"class":69},[55,162407,3413],{"class":91},[55,162409,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162411,4847],{"class":61},[55,162413,66],{"class":65},[55,162415,3400],{"class":91},[55,162417,13281],{"class":1210},[55,162419,2764],{"class":91},[55,162421,13286],{"class":1210},[55,162423,3413],{"class":91},[55,162425,162426],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162427,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162429,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162431,8995],{"class":61},[55,162433,66],{"class":65},[55,162435,161159],{"class":105},[55,162437,109],{"class":91},[55,162439,4822],{"class":95},[55,162441,2764],{"class":91},[55,162443,4894],{"class":95},[55,162445,342],{"class":91},[55,162447,162448],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,162449,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162451,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,162453,106],{"class":105},[55,162455,109],{"class":91},[55,162457,7877],{"class":1265},[55,162459,109],{"class":91},[55,162461,9042],{"class":95},[55,162463,1273],{"class":91},[55,162465,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,162467,106],{"class":105},[55,162469,109],{"class":91},[55,162471,7877],{"class":1265},[55,162473,109],{"class":91},[55,162475,9042],{"class":95},[55,162477,1273],{"class":91},[20,162479,357],{},[46,162481,162483],{"className":48,"code":162482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162484,162485,162515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162486,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162488,21517],{"class":91},[55,162490,3077],{"class":69},[55,162492,12660],{"class":73},[55,162494,3077],{"class":69},[55,162496,2764],{"class":91},[55,162498,19676],{"class":1210},[55,162500,9013],{"class":91},[55,162502,9016],{"class":91},[55,162504,3077],{"class":69},[55,162506,35711],{"class":73},[55,162508,3077],{"class":69},[55,162510,2764],{"class":91},[55,162512,13286],{"class":1210},[55,162514,9029],{"class":91},[55,162516,162517],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162518,38069],{"class":91},[20,162520,162521],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162523,162524,162525,92],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[166,162526,4920],{"href":5371},[131,162528,40819],{"id":40818},[20,162530,162531,162532,92],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162533,64092],{},[1003,162535,162537],{"id":162536},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[46,162539,162541],{"className":48,"code":162540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162542,162543,162575,162595,162599,162623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162544,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162546,4778],{"class":61},[55,162548,66],{"class":65},[55,162550,3400],{"class":91},[55,162552,228],{"class":69},[55,162554,12660],{"class":73},[55,162556,228],{"class":69},[55,162558,2764],{"class":91},[55,162560,70],{"class":69},[55,162562,35711],{"class":73},[55,162564,228],{"class":69},[55,162566,2764],{"class":91},[55,162568,70],{"class":69},[55,162570,35720],{"class":73},[55,162572,228],{"class":69},[55,162574,3413],{"class":91},[55,162576,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162578,4847],{"class":61},[55,162580,66],{"class":65},[55,162582,3400],{"class":91},[55,162584,13281],{"class":1210},[55,162586,2764],{"class":91},[55,162588,13286],{"class":1210},[55,162590,2764],{"class":91},[55,162592,28692],{"class":1210},[55,162594,3413],{"class":91},[55,162596,162597],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162598,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162600,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162602,5743],{"class":487},[55,162604,849],{"class":61},[55,162606,2764],{"class":91},[55,162608,4889],{"class":61},[55,162610,3662],{"class":487},[55,162612,161159],{"class":105},[55,162614,109],{"class":91},[55,162616,4822],{"class":95},[55,162618,2764],{"class":91},[55,162620,4894],{"class":95},[55,162622,8124],{"class":91},[55,162624,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,162626,516],{"class":105},[55,162628,109],{"class":91},[55,162630,22070],{"class":1838},[55,162632,228],{"class":73},[55,162634,9058],{"class":1210},[55,162636,273],{"class":95},[55,162638,22079],{"class":1210},[55,162640,22082],{"class":73},[55,162642,9058],{"class":1210},[55,162644,85292],{"class":95},[55,162646,22079],{"class":1210},[55,162648,228],{"class":73},[55,162650,342],{"class":91},[1003,162652,162654],{"id":162653},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[46,162656,162658],{"className":48,"code":162657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162659,162660,162692,162716,162720,162742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162661,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162663,17020],{"class":61},[55,162665,66],{"class":65},[55,162667,3400],{"class":91},[55,162669,228],{"class":69},[55,162671,12430],{"class":73},[55,162673,228],{"class":69},[55,162675,2764],{"class":91},[55,162677,70],{"class":69},[55,162679,273],{"class":73},[55,162681,228],{"class":69},[55,162683,2764],{"class":91},[55,162685,70],{"class":69},[55,162687,15600],{"class":73},[55,162689,228],{"class":69},[55,162691,3413],{"class":91},[55,162693,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162695,3601],{"class":61},[55,162697,66],{"class":65},[55,162699,3400],{"class":91},[55,162701,46362],{"class":1210},[55,162703,2764],{"class":91},[55,162705,70],{"class":69},[55,162707,12660],{"class":73},[55,162709,228],{"class":69},[55,162711,2764],{"class":91},[55,162713,3696],{"class":3631},[55,162715,3413],{"class":91},[55,162717,162718],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162719,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162721,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162723,8945],{"class":61},[55,162725,66],{"class":65},[55,162727,8950],{"class":1265},[55,162729,109],{"class":91},[55,162731,64162],{"class":105},[55,162733,109],{"class":91},[55,162735,16701],{"class":95},[55,162737,2764],{"class":91},[55,162739,3665],{"class":95},[55,162741,1273],{"class":91},[55,162743,162744,162746,162748,162750],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,162745,106],{"class":105},[55,162747,109],{"class":91},[55,162749,8984],{"class":95},[55,162751,342],{"class":91},[1003,162753,162755],{"id":162754},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[46,162757,162759],{"className":48,"code":162758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162760,162761,162781,162801,162805,162830],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162762,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162764,80431],{"class":61},[55,162766,66],{"class":65},[55,162768,3400],{"class":91},[55,162770,2101],{"class":1210},[55,162772,2764],{"class":91},[55,162774,7574],{"class":1210},[55,162776,2764],{"class":91},[55,162778,7579],{"class":1210},[55,162780,3413],{"class":91},[55,162782,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162784,80452],{"class":61},[55,162786,66],{"class":65},[55,162788,3400],{"class":91},[55,162790,2101],{"class":1210},[55,162792,2764],{"class":91},[55,162794,9086],{"class":1210},[55,162796,2764],{"class":91},[55,162798,7579],{"class":1210},[55,162800,3413],{"class":91},[55,162802,162803],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162804,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162806,162807,162809,162811,162813,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162808,5743],{"class":487},[55,162810,56659],{"class":61},[55,162812,2764],{"class":91},[55,162814,162815],{"class":61}," b ",[55,162817,3662],{"class":487},[55,162819,161159],{"class":105},[55,162821,109],{"class":91},[55,162823,111516],{"class":95},[55,162825,2764],{"class":91},[55,162827,80495],{"class":95},[55,162829,8124],{"class":91},[55,162831,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,162833,516],{"class":105},[55,162835,109],{"class":91},[55,162837,2327],{"class":95},[55,162839,1326],{"class":65},[55,162841,2332],{"class":95},[55,162843,342],{"class":91},[20,162845,357],{},[46,162847,162849],{"className":48,"code":162848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162850,162851,162855,162859],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162852,162853],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162854,3760],{"class":3631},[55,162856,162857],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162858,3821],{"class":3631},[55,162860,162861],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162862,3760],{"class":3631},[1003,162864,162866],{"id":162865},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[46,162868,162870],{"className":48,"code":162869,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162871,162872,162907,162930,162934,162961],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162873,162874,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162894,162896,162898,162900,162903,162905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162875,162876],{"class":61},"products ",[55,162878,66],{"class":65},[55,162880,3400],{"class":91},[55,162882,228],{"class":69},[55,162884,24915],{"class":73},[55,162886,228],{"class":69},[55,162888,2764],{"class":91},[55,162890,70],{"class":69},[55,162892,162893],{"class":73},"Pen",[55,162895,228],{"class":69},[55,162897,2764],{"class":91},[55,162899,70],{"class":69},[55,162901,162902],{"class":73},"Bag",[55,162904,228],{"class":69},[55,162906,3413],{"class":91},[55,162908,162909,162911,162913,162915,162918,162920,162923,162925,162928],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,162910,82821],{"class":61},[55,162912,66],{"class":65},[55,162914,3400],{"class":91},[55,162916,162917],{"class":1210},"12.5",[55,162919,2764],{"class":91},[55,162921,162922],{"class":1210}," 1.2",[55,162924,2764],{"class":91},[55,162926,162927],{"class":1210}," 25.0",[55,162929,3413],{"class":91},[55,162931,162932],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,162933,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,162935,162936,162938,162940,162942,162945,162947,162949,162951,162954,162956,162959],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,162937,5743],{"class":487},[55,162939,24976],{"class":61},[55,162941,2764],{"class":91},[55,162943,162944],{"class":61}," price ",[55,162946,3662],{"class":487},[55,162948,161159],{"class":105},[55,162950,109],{"class":91},[55,162952,162953],{"class":95},"products",[55,162955,2764],{"class":91},[55,162957,162958],{"class":95}," prices",[55,162960,8124],{"class":91},[55,162962,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,162964,516],{"class":105},[55,162966,109],{"class":91},[55,162968,22070],{"class":1838},[55,162970,228],{"class":73},[55,162972,9058],{"class":1210},[55,162974,26782],{"class":95},[55,162976,22079],{"class":1210},[55,162978,162979],{"class":73}," costs $",[55,162981,9058],{"class":1210},[55,162983,24924],{"class":95},[55,162985,22079],{"class":1210},[55,162987,228],{"class":73},[55,162989,342],{"class":91},[20,162991,36372,162992,92],{},[166,162993,162995],{"href":162994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[131,162997,162999,163000],{"id":162998},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163001,64092],{},[1003,163003,8235,163005,163007],{"id":163004},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163006,64092],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163009,163010,163012],{},[15,163011,64092],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163014,163015],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[46,163017,163019],{"className":48,"code":163018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163020,163021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163022,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163024,106],{"class":105},[55,163026,109],{"class":91},[55,163028,10942],{"class":105},[55,163030,109],{"class":91},[55,163032,111516],{"class":95},[55,163034,9013],{"class":91},[55,163036,38158],{"class":105},[55,163038,109],{"class":91},[55,163040,80718],{"class":95},[55,163042,1273],{"class":91},[1003,163044,163046],{"id":163045},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163048,68609],{},[46,163050,163052],{"className":48,"code":163051,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163053,163054,163090,163094,163107,163117,163121,163133],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163055,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163057,8995],{"class":61},[55,163059,66],{"class":65},[55,163061,161159],{"class":105},[55,163063,2758],{"class":91},[55,163065,2761],{"class":1210},[55,163067,2764],{"class":91},[55,163069,2767],{"class":1210},[55,163071,17839],{"class":91},[55,163073,3400],{"class":91},[55,163075,228],{"class":69},[55,163077,166],{"class":73},[55,163079,228],{"class":69},[55,163081,2764],{"class":91},[55,163083,70],{"class":69},[55,163085,4543],{"class":73},[55,163087,228],{"class":69},[55,163089,3668],{"class":91},[55,163091,163092],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,163093,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,163095,163096,163098,163100,163102,163105],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,163097,5743],{"class":487},[55,163099,5746],{"class":61},[55,163101,3662],{"class":487},[55,163103,163104],{"class":61}," pairs",[55,163106,511],{"class":91},[55,163108,163109,163111,163113,163115],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,163110,516],{"class":105},[55,163112,109],{"class":91},[55,163114,23087],{"class":95},[55,163116,342],{"class":91},[55,163118,163119],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,163120,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,163122,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131],{"class":57,"line":345},[55,163124,5743],{"class":487},[55,163126,5746],{"class":61},[55,163128,3662],{"class":487},[55,163130,163104],{"class":61},[55,163132,511],{"class":91},[55,163134,163135,163137,163139,163141],{"class":57,"line":6200},[55,163136,516],{"class":105},[55,163138,109],{"class":91},[55,163140,23087],{"class":95},[55,163142,342],{"class":91},[20,163144,163145],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1003,163147,163149],{"id":163148},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163151,163152],{},"This is correct:",[46,163154,163156],{"className":48,"code":163155,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163157,163158,163182,163198,163202,163226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163159,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178,163180],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163161,4778],{"class":61},[55,163163,66],{"class":65},[55,163165,3400],{"class":91},[55,163167,228],{"class":69},[55,163169,12660],{"class":73},[55,163171,228],{"class":69},[55,163173,2764],{"class":91},[55,163175,70],{"class":69},[55,163177,35711],{"class":73},[55,163179,228],{"class":69},[55,163181,3413],{"class":91},[55,163183,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,163185,4847],{"class":61},[55,163187,66],{"class":65},[55,163189,3400],{"class":91},[55,163191,13281],{"class":1210},[55,163193,2764],{"class":91},[55,163195,13286],{"class":1210},[55,163197,3413],{"class":91},[55,163199,163200],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,163201,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,163203,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,163205,5743],{"class":487},[55,163207,849],{"class":61},[55,163209,2764],{"class":91},[55,163211,4889],{"class":61},[55,163213,3662],{"class":487},[55,163215,161159],{"class":105},[55,163217,109],{"class":91},[55,163219,4822],{"class":95},[55,163221,2764],{"class":91},[55,163223,4894],{"class":95},[55,163225,8124],{"class":91},[55,163227,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238],{"class":57,"line":332},[55,163229,516],{"class":105},[55,163231,109],{"class":91},[55,163233,273],{"class":95},[55,163235,2764],{"class":91},[55,163237,130615],{"class":95},[55,163239,342],{"class":91},[20,163241,163242],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[46,163244,163246],{"className":48,"code":163245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163247,163248,163268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163249,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163251,5743],{"class":487},[55,163253,5746],{"class":61},[55,163255,3662],{"class":487},[55,163257,161159],{"class":105},[55,163259,109],{"class":91},[55,163261,4822],{"class":95},[55,163263,2764],{"class":91},[55,163265,4894],{"class":95},[55,163267,8124],{"class":91},[55,163269,163270,163272,163274,163276],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,163271,516],{"class":105},[55,163273,109],{"class":91},[55,163275,23087],{"class":95},[55,163277,342],{"class":91},[20,163279,357],{},[46,163281,163283],{"className":48,"code":163282,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163284,163285,163301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163286,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163288,109],{"class":91},[55,163290,3077],{"class":69},[55,163292,12660],{"class":73},[55,163294,3077],{"class":69},[55,163296,2764],{"class":91},[55,163298,19676],{"class":1210},[55,163300,342],{"class":91},[55,163302,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,163304,109],{"class":91},[55,163306,3077],{"class":69},[55,163308,35711],{"class":73},[55,163310,3077],{"class":69},[55,163312,2764],{"class":91},[55,163314,13286],{"class":1210},[55,163316,342],{"class":91},[20,163318,163319],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1003,163321,1185,163323,163325,163326],{"id":163322},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163324,64092],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163327,35520],{},[20,163329,1866,163330,163332],{},[15,163331,64092],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163334,1866,163335,163337],{},[15,163336,35520],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[46,163339,163340],{"className":48,"code":35688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[15,163341,163342,163374,163378,163398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163343,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163345,4778],{"class":61},[55,163347,66],{"class":65},[55,163349,3400],{"class":91},[55,163351,228],{"class":69},[55,163353,12660],{"class":73},[55,163355,228],{"class":69},[55,163357,2764],{"class":91},[55,163359,70],{"class":69},[55,163361,35711],{"class":73},[55,163363,228],{"class":69},[55,163365,2764],{"class":91},[55,163367,70],{"class":69},[55,163369,35720],{"class":73},[55,163371,228],{"class":69},[55,163373,3413],{"class":91},[55,163375,163376],{"class":57,"line":80},[55,163377,249],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":248},[55,163379,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396],{"class":57,"line":102},[55,163381,5743],{"class":487},[55,163383,35592],{"class":61},[55,163385,2764],{"class":91},[55,163387,35739],{"class":61},[55,163389,3662],{"class":487},[55,163391,35602],{"class":105},[55,163393,109],{"class":91},[55,163395,4822],{"class":95},[55,163397,8124],{"class":91},[55,163399,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410],{"class":57,"line":266},[55,163401,516],{"class":105},[55,163403,109],{"class":91},[55,163405,35617],{"class":95},[55,163407,2764],{"class":91},[55,163409,849],{"class":95},[55,163411,342],{"class":91},[20,163413,163414,163415,92],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[166,163416,1686,163417,1689],{"href":91791},[15,163418,35520],{},[131,163420,1577],{"id":1576},[1003,163422,1603,163424,4928],{"id":163423},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163425,64092],{},[20,163427,163428],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1003,163430,1581,163432,163434],{"id":163431},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163433,64092],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163436,163437],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1003,163439,163441,163442,1631],{"id":163440},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163443,64092],{},[20,163445,163446,163447,92],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163448,162054],{},[1003,163450,163452,163453,1631],{"id":163451},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163454,64092],{},[20,163456,127983,163457,163459],{},[15,163458,162207],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1003,163461,163463],{"id":163462},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163465,163466],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[131,163468,1643],{"id":1642},[30,163470,163471,163476,163482,163486,163490],{},[33,163472,163473],{},[166,163474,163475],{"href":162994},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163477,163478],{},[166,163479,1686,163480,1689],{"href":91791},[15,163481,35520],{},[33,163483,163484],{},[166,163485,4999],{"href":5371},[33,163487,163488],{},[166,163489,69462],{"href":69385},[33,163491,163492],{},[166,163493,32033],{"href":30858},[1696,163495,163496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":163498},[163499,163500,163502,163503,163504,163505,163513,163519,163528,163539],{"id":1774,"depth":80,"text":1775},{"id":161218,"depth":80,"text":163501},"What zip() does",{"id":177,"depth":80,"text":178},{"id":161611,"depth":80,"text":161612},{"id":161788,"depth":80,"text":161789},{"id":162040,"depth":80,"text":163506,"children":163507},"Converting zip() output",[163508,163510,163512],{"id":162051,"depth":102,"text":163509},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162204,"depth":102,"text":163511},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162374,"depth":102,"text":162375},{"id":40818,"depth":80,"text":40819,"children":163514},[163515,163516,163517,163518],{"id":162536,"depth":102,"text":162537},{"id":162653,"depth":102,"text":162654},{"id":162754,"depth":102,"text":162755},{"id":162865,"depth":102,"text":162866},{"id":162998,"depth":80,"text":163520,"children":163521},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163522,163524,163525,163526],{"id":163004,"depth":102,"text":163523},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163045,"depth":102,"text":163046},{"id":163148,"depth":102,"text":163149},{"id":163322,"depth":102,"text":163527},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1576,"depth":80,"text":1577,"children":163529},[163530,163532,163534,163536,163538],{"id":163423,"depth":102,"text":163531},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163431,"depth":102,"text":163533},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163440,"depth":102,"text":163535},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163451,"depth":102,"text":163537},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163462,"depth":102,"text":163463},{"id":1642,"depth":80,"text":1643},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161060,"description":163540},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944953429]