[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163548},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method":3,"nav-reference":1700},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1693,"extension":1694,"meta":1695,"navigation":338,"path":1696,"seo":1697,"stem":1698,"__hash__":1699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1654},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,51,56,146,149,158,165,171,176,179,196,204,208,257,262,280,284,287,363,365,379,382,394,405,409,415,421,425,497,499,508,512,578,580,589,592,599,603,608,612,675,677,686,690,693,750,752,761,764,783,787,792,803,865,867,881,887,890,899,905,910,913,921,924,988,990,999,1002,1052,1055,1102,1106,1112,1132,1139,1144,1197,1199,1207,1210,1267,1269,1277,1281,1331,1333,1342,1352,1356,1406,1408,1417,1422,1473,1475,1484,1491,1494,1515,1519,1526,1529,1533,1536,1540,1543,1570,1577,1580,1607,1614,1617,1621,1650],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-replace-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"replace()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,30,17],{},". You will learn:",[33,34,35,42,45,48],"ul",{},[36,37,38,39,41],"li",{},"what ",[15,40,17],{}," does",[36,43,44],{},"how its syntax works",[36,46,47],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[36,49,50],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[52,53,55],"h2",{"id":54},"quick-example","Quick example",[57,58,63],"pre",{"className":59,"code":60,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n","python","",[15,64,65,89,132],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67,70,74,78,82,86],"span",{"class":68,"line":69},"line",1,[66,71,73],{"class":72},"su5hD","text ",[66,75,77],{"class":76},"smGrS","=",[66,79,81],{"class":80},"sjJ54"," \"",[66,83,85],{"class":84},"s_sjI","I like cats",[66,87,88],{"class":80},"\"\n",[66,90,92,95,97,100,104,108,111,114,117,119,122,124,127,129],{"class":68,"line":91},2,[66,93,94],{"class":72},"new_text ",[66,96,77],{"class":76},[66,98,99],{"class":72}," text",[66,101,103],{"class":102},"sP7_E",".",[66,105,107],{"class":106},"slqww","replace",[66,109,110],{"class":102},"(",[66,112,113],{"class":80},"\"",[66,115,116],{"class":84},"cats",[66,118,113],{"class":80},[66,120,121],{"class":102},",",[66,123,81],{"class":80},[66,125,126],{"class":84},"dogs",[66,128,113],{"class":80},[66,130,131],{"class":102},")\n",[66,133,135,139,141,144],{"class":68,"line":134},3,[66,136,138],{"class":137},"sptTA","print",[66,140,110],{"class":102},[66,142,143],{"class":106},"new_text",[66,145,131],{"class":102},[20,147,148],{},"Output:",[57,150,152],{"className":59,"code":151,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"I like dogs\n",[15,153,154],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155,156],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157,151],{"class":72},[20,159,160,161,164],{},"Use ",[15,162,163],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[52,166,168,169,41],{"id":167},"what-replace-does","What ",[15,170,17],{},[20,172,173,175],{},[15,174,17],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,177,178],{},"Key points:",[33,180,181,184,187,190],{},[36,182,183],{},"It returns a new string",[36,185,186],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[36,188,189],{},"It works on exact matches",[36,191,192,193],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,194,195],{},"count",[20,197,198,199,103],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[200,201,203],"a",{"href":202},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[52,205,207],{"id":206},"syntax","Syntax",[57,209,211],{"className":59,"code":210,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,212,213,234],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,214,215,218,220,222,224,227,229,232],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,216,217],{"class":72},"string",[66,219,103],{"class":102},[66,221,107],{"class":106},[66,223,110],{"class":102},[66,225,226],{"class":106},"old",[66,228,121],{"class":102},[66,230,231],{"class":106}," new",[66,233,131],{"class":102},[66,235,236,238,240,242,244,246,248,250,252,255],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,237,217],{"class":72},[66,239,103],{"class":102},[66,241,107],{"class":106},[66,243,110],{"class":102},[66,245,226],{"class":106},[66,247,121],{"class":102},[66,249,231],{"class":106},[66,251,121],{"class":102},[66,253,254],{"class":106}," count",[66,256,131],{"class":102},[258,259,261],"h3",{"id":260},"parameters","Parameters",[33,263,264,269,275],{},[36,265,266,268],{},[15,267,226],{}," = the text to find",[36,270,271,274],{},[15,272,273],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[36,276,277,279],{},[15,278,195],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[52,281,283],{"id":282},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,285,286],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[57,288,290],{"className":59,"code":289,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,291,292,304,334,340,352],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,293,294,296,298,300,302],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,295,73],{"class":72},[66,297,77],{"class":76},[66,299,81],{"class":80},[66,301,85],{"class":84},[66,303,88],{"class":80},[66,305,306,308,310,312,314,316,318,320,322,324,326,328,330,332],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,307,94],{"class":72},[66,309,77],{"class":76},[66,311,99],{"class":72},[66,313,103],{"class":102},[66,315,107],{"class":106},[66,317,110],{"class":102},[66,319,113],{"class":80},[66,321,116],{"class":84},[66,323,113],{"class":80},[66,325,121],{"class":102},[66,327,81],{"class":80},[66,329,126],{"class":84},[66,331,113],{"class":80},[66,333,131],{"class":102},[66,335,336],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,337,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},true,"\n",[66,341,343,345,347,350],{"class":68,"line":342},4,[66,344,138],{"class":137},[66,346,110],{"class":102},[66,348,349],{"class":106},"text",[66,351,131],{"class":102},[66,353,355,357,359,361],{"class":68,"line":354},5,[66,356,138],{"class":137},[66,358,110],{"class":102},[66,360,143],{"class":106},[66,362,131],{"class":102},[20,364,148],{},[57,366,368],{"className":59,"code":367,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,369,370,375],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,371,372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,373,374],{"class":72},"I like cats\n",[66,376,377],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,378,151],{"class":72},[20,380,381],{},"Notice what happened:",[33,383,384,389],{},[36,385,386,388],{},[15,387,349],{}," did not change",[36,390,391,393],{},[15,392,143],{}," contains the updated value",[20,395,396,397,401,402,404],{},"This happens because strings are ",[398,399,400],"strong",{},"immutable"," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,403,17],{}," return a new string instead.",[52,406,408],{"id":407},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,410,411,412,414],{},"By default, ",[15,413,17],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,416,417,418,420],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,419,195],{}," argument.",[258,422,424],{"id":423},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[57,426,428],{"className":59,"code":427,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,429,430,443,482,486],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,431,432,434,436,438,441],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,433,73],{"class":72},[66,435,77],{"class":76},[66,437,81],{"class":80},[66,439,440],{"class":84},"cat cat cat",[66,442,88],{"class":80},[66,444,445,448,450,452,454,456,458,460,463,465,467,469,472,474,476,480],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,446,447],{"class":72},"result ",[66,449,77],{"class":76},[66,451,99],{"class":72},[66,453,103],{"class":102},[66,455,107],{"class":106},[66,457,110],{"class":102},[66,459,113],{"class":80},[66,461,462],{"class":84},"cat",[66,464,113],{"class":80},[66,466,121],{"class":102},[66,468,81],{"class":80},[66,470,471],{"class":84},"dog",[66,473,113],{"class":80},[66,475,121],{"class":102},[66,477,479],{"class":478},"srdBf"," 1",[66,481,131],{"class":102},[66,483,484],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,485,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,487,488,490,492,495],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,489,138],{"class":137},[66,491,110],{"class":102},[66,493,494],{"class":106},"result",[66,496,131],{"class":102},[20,498,148],{},[57,500,502],{"className":59,"code":501,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dog cat cat\n",[15,503,504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,505,506],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,507,501],{"class":72},[258,509,511],{"id":510},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[57,513,515],{"className":59,"code":514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,516,517,529,564,568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,518,519,521,523,525,527],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,520,73],{"class":72},[66,522,77],{"class":76},[66,524,81],{"class":80},[66,526,440],{"class":84},[66,528,88],{"class":80},[66,530,531,533,535,537,539,541,543,545,547,549,551,553,555,557,559,562],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,532,447],{"class":72},[66,534,77],{"class":76},[66,536,99],{"class":72},[66,538,103],{"class":102},[66,540,107],{"class":106},[66,542,110],{"class":102},[66,544,113],{"class":80},[66,546,462],{"class":84},[66,548,113],{"class":80},[66,550,121],{"class":102},[66,552,81],{"class":80},[66,554,471],{"class":84},[66,556,113],{"class":80},[66,558,121],{"class":102},[66,560,561],{"class":478}," 2",[66,563,131],{"class":102},[66,565,566],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,567,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,569,570,572,574,576],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,571,138],{"class":137},[66,573,110],{"class":102},[66,575,494],{"class":106},[66,577,131],{"class":102},[20,579,148],{},[57,581,583],{"className":59,"code":582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dog dog cat\n",[15,584,585],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,586,587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,588,582],{"class":72},[20,590,591],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,593,594,595,103],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[200,596,598],{"href":597},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to replace text in a string in Python",[52,600,602],{"id":601},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,604,605,607],{},[15,606,17],{}," can also change single characters.",[258,609,611],{"id":610},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[57,613,615],{"className":59,"code":614,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,616,617,630,661,665],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,618,619,621,623,625,628],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,620,73],{"class":72},[66,622,77],{"class":76},[66,624,81],{"class":80},[66,626,627],{"class":84},"banana",[66,629,88],{"class":80},[66,631,632,634,636,638,640,642,644,646,648,650,652,654,657,659],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,633,447],{"class":72},[66,635,77],{"class":76},[66,637,99],{"class":72},[66,639,103],{"class":102},[66,641,107],{"class":106},[66,643,110],{"class":102},[66,645,113],{"class":80},[66,647,200],{"class":84},[66,649,113],{"class":80},[66,651,121],{"class":102},[66,653,81],{"class":80},[66,655,656],{"class":84},"o",[66,658,113],{"class":80},[66,660,131],{"class":102},[66,662,663],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,664,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,666,667,669,671,673],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,668,138],{"class":137},[66,670,110],{"class":102},[66,672,494],{"class":106},[66,674,131],{"class":102},[20,676,148],{},[57,678,680],{"className":59,"code":679,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bonono\n",[15,681,682],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,683,684],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,685,679],{"class":72},[258,687,689],{"id":688},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,691,692],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[57,694,696],{"className":59,"code":695,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,697,698,711,736,740],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,699,700,702,704,706,709],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,701,73],{"class":72},[66,703,77],{"class":76},[66,705,81],{"class":80},[66,707,708],{"class":84},"a b c",[66,710,88],{"class":80},[66,712,713,715,717,719,721,723,725,727,729,731,734],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,714,447],{"class":72},[66,716,77],{"class":76},[66,718,99],{"class":72},[66,720,103],{"class":102},[66,722,107],{"class":106},[66,724,110],{"class":102},[66,726,113],{"class":80},[66,728,81],{"class":80},[66,730,121],{"class":102},[66,732,733],{"class":80}," \"\"",[66,735,131],{"class":102},[66,737,738],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,739,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,741,742,744,746,748],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,743,138],{"class":137},[66,745,110],{"class":102},[66,747,494],{"class":106},[66,749,131],{"class":102},[20,751,148],{},[57,753,755],{"className":59,"code":754,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"abc\n",[15,756,757],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,758,759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,760,754],{"class":72},[20,762,763],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,765,766,767,775,776,782],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[200,768,770,771,774],{"href":769},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,772,773],{},"split()"," method",". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[200,777,770,779,774],{"href":778},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,780,781],{},"strip()"," is often a better choice.",[52,784,786],{"id":785},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,788,789,791],{},[15,790,17],{}," is case-sensitive.",[20,793,794,795,798,799,802],{},"That means ",[15,796,797],{},"\"cat\""," and ",[15,800,801],{},"\"Cat\""," are different.",[57,804,806],{"className":59,"code":805,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,807,808,821,851,855],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,809,810,812,814,816,819],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,811,73],{"class":72},[66,813,77],{"class":76},[66,815,81],{"class":80},[66,817,818],{"class":84},"Cat cat CAT",[66,820,88],{"class":80},[66,822,823,825,827,829,831,833,835,837,839,841,843,845,847,849],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,824,447],{"class":72},[66,826,77],{"class":76},[66,828,99],{"class":72},[66,830,103],{"class":102},[66,832,107],{"class":106},[66,834,110],{"class":102},[66,836,113],{"class":80},[66,838,462],{"class":84},[66,840,113],{"class":80},[66,842,121],{"class":102},[66,844,81],{"class":80},[66,846,471],{"class":84},[66,848,113],{"class":80},[66,850,131],{"class":102},[66,852,853],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,854,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,856,857,859,861,863],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,858,138],{"class":137},[66,860,110],{"class":102},[66,862,494],{"class":106},[66,864,131],{"class":102},[20,866,148],{},[57,868,870],{"className":59,"code":869,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,871,872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,873,874,877],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,875,876],{"class":72},"Cat dog ",[66,878,880],{"class":879},"s_hVV","CAT\n",[20,882,883,884,886],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,885,797],{}," was replaced.",[20,888,889],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,891,892,893,103],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[200,894,770,896,774],{"href":895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,897,898],{},"lower()",[52,900,168,902,904],{"id":901},"what-replace-returns",[15,903,17],{}," returns",[20,906,907,909],{},[15,908,17],{}," returns a new string.",[20,911,912],{},"If no match is found:",[33,914,915,918],{},[36,916,917],{},"no error happens",[36,919,920],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,922,923],{},"Example:",[57,925,927],{"className":59,"code":926,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,928,929,942,974,978],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,930,931,933,935,937,940],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,932,73],{"class":72},[66,934,77],{"class":76},[66,936,81],{"class":80},[66,938,939],{"class":84},"hello",[66,941,88],{"class":80},[66,943,944,946,948,950,952,954,956,958,961,963,965,967,970,972],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,945,447],{"class":72},[66,947,77],{"class":76},[66,949,99],{"class":72},[66,951,103],{"class":102},[66,953,107],{"class":106},[66,955,110],{"class":102},[66,957,113],{"class":80},[66,959,960],{"class":84},"x",[66,962,113],{"class":80},[66,964,121],{"class":102},[66,966,81],{"class":80},[66,968,969],{"class":84},"y",[66,971,113],{"class":80},[66,973,131],{"class":102},[66,975,976],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,977,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,979,980,982,984,986],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,981,138],{"class":137},[66,983,110],{"class":102},[66,985,494],{"class":106},[66,987,131],{"class":102},[20,989,148],{},[57,991,993],{"className":59,"code":992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello\n",[15,994,995],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,996,997],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,998,992],{"class":72},[20,1000,1001],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[57,1003,1005],{"className":59,"code":1004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,1006,1007,1020],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1008,1009,1011,1013,1015,1018],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1010,73],{"class":72},[66,1012,77],{"class":76},[66,1014,81],{"class":80},[66,1016,1017],{"class":84},"hello world",[66,1019,88],{"class":80},[66,1021,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1039,1041,1043,1045,1048,1050],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1023,94],{"class":72},[66,1025,77],{"class":76},[66,1027,99],{"class":72},[66,1029,103],{"class":102},[66,1031,107],{"class":106},[66,1033,110],{"class":102},[66,1035,113],{"class":80},[66,1037,1038],{"class":84},"world",[66,1040,113],{"class":80},[66,1042,121],{"class":102},[66,1044,81],{"class":80},[66,1046,1047],{"class":84},"Python",[66,1049,113],{"class":80},[66,1051,131],{"class":102},[20,1053,1054],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[57,1056,1058],{"className":59,"code":1057,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,1059,1060,1072],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1061,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1063,73],{"class":72},[66,1065,77],{"class":76},[66,1067,81],{"class":80},[66,1069,1017],{"class":84},[66,1071,88],{"class":80},[66,1073,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1075,73],{"class":72},[66,1077,77],{"class":76},[66,1079,99],{"class":72},[66,1081,103],{"class":102},[66,1083,107],{"class":106},[66,1085,110],{"class":102},[66,1087,113],{"class":80},[66,1089,1038],{"class":84},[66,1091,113],{"class":80},[66,1093,121],{"class":102},[66,1095,81],{"class":80},[66,1097,1047],{"class":84},[66,1099,113],{"class":80},[66,1101,131],{"class":102},[52,1103,1105],{"id":1104},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1107,1108,1109,1111],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,1110,17],{},":",[33,1113,1114,1117,1123,1126],{},[36,1115,1116],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[36,1118,1119,1120,1122],{},"Expecting ",[15,1121,17],{}," to change the original string",[36,1124,1125],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[36,1127,1128,1129,1131],{},"Confusing ",[15,1130,17],{}," with regex-based replacements",[258,1133,1135,1136,1138],{"id":1134},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,1137,17],{}," without assigning the result",[20,1140,1141,1142,1111],{},"This does not update ",[15,1143,349],{},[57,1145,1147],{"className":59,"code":1146,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1148,1149,1161,1187],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1150,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1152,73],{"class":72},[66,1154,77],{"class":76},[66,1156,81],{"class":80},[66,1158,85],{"class":84},[66,1160,88],{"class":80},[66,1162,1163,1165,1167,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1164,349],{"class":72},[66,1166,103],{"class":102},[66,1168,107],{"class":106},[66,1170,110],{"class":102},[66,1172,113],{"class":80},[66,1174,116],{"class":84},[66,1176,113],{"class":80},[66,1178,121],{"class":102},[66,1180,81],{"class":80},[66,1182,126],{"class":84},[66,1184,113],{"class":80},[66,1186,131],{"class":102},[66,1188,1189,1191,1193,1195],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,1190,138],{"class":137},[66,1192,110],{"class":102},[66,1194,349],{"class":106},[66,1196,131],{"class":102},[20,1198,148],{},[57,1200,1201],{"className":59,"code":374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,1202,1203],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1204,1205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1206,374],{"class":72},[20,1208,1209],{},"Correct version:",[57,1211,1213],{"className":59,"code":1212,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1214,1215,1227,1257],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1216,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1218,73],{"class":72},[66,1220,77],{"class":76},[66,1222,81],{"class":80},[66,1224,85],{"class":84},[66,1226,88],{"class":80},[66,1228,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251,1253,1255],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1230,73],{"class":72},[66,1232,77],{"class":76},[66,1234,99],{"class":72},[66,1236,103],{"class":102},[66,1238,107],{"class":106},[66,1240,110],{"class":102},[66,1242,113],{"class":80},[66,1244,116],{"class":84},[66,1246,113],{"class":80},[66,1248,121],{"class":102},[66,1250,81],{"class":80},[66,1252,126],{"class":84},[66,1254,113],{"class":80},[66,1256,131],{"class":102},[66,1258,1259,1261,1263,1265],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,1260,138],{"class":137},[66,1262,110],{"class":102},[66,1264,349],{"class":106},[66,1266,131],{"class":102},[20,1268,148],{},[57,1270,1271],{"className":59,"code":151,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,1272,1273],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1274,1275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1276,151],{"class":72},[258,1278,1280],{"id":1279},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[57,1282,1284],{"className":59,"code":1283,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,1285,1286,1299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1287,1288,1290,1292,1294,1297],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1289,73],{"class":72},[66,1291,77],{"class":76},[66,1293,81],{"class":80},[66,1295,1296],{"class":84},"Hello",[66,1298,88],{"class":80},[66,1300,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1326,1328],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1302,138],{"class":137},[66,1304,110],{"class":102},[66,1306,349],{"class":106},[66,1308,103],{"class":102},[66,1310,107],{"class":106},[66,1312,110],{"class":102},[66,1314,113],{"class":80},[66,1316,939],{"class":84},[66,1318,113],{"class":80},[66,1320,121],{"class":102},[66,1322,81],{"class":80},[66,1324,1325],{"class":84},"Hi",[66,1327,113],{"class":80},[66,1329,1330],{"class":102},"))\n",[20,1332,148],{},[57,1334,1336],{"className":59,"code":1335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello\n",[15,1337,1338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1339,1340],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1341,1335],{"class":72},[20,1343,1344,1345,798,1348,1351],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,1346,1347],{},"\"hello\"",[15,1349,1350],{},"\"Hello\""," are not the same.",[258,1353,1355],{"id":1354},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[57,1357,1359],{"className":59,"code":1358,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,1360,1361,1374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1362,1363,1365,1367,1369,1372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1364,73],{"class":72},[66,1366,77],{"class":76},[66,1368,81],{"class":80},[66,1370,1371],{"class":84},"red red red",[66,1373,88],{"class":80},[66,1375,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1393,1395,1397,1399,1402,1404],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1377,138],{"class":137},[66,1379,110],{"class":102},[66,1381,349],{"class":106},[66,1383,103],{"class":102},[66,1385,107],{"class":106},[66,1387,110],{"class":102},[66,1389,113],{"class":80},[66,1391,1392],{"class":84},"red",[66,1394,113],{"class":80},[66,1396,121],{"class":102},[66,1398,81],{"class":80},[66,1400,1401],{"class":84},"blue",[66,1403,113],{"class":80},[66,1405,1330],{"class":102},[20,1407,148],{},[57,1409,1411],{"className":59,"code":1410,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"blue blue blue\n",[15,1412,1413],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1414,1415],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1416,1410],{"class":72},[20,1418,1419,1420,1111],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,1421,195],{},[57,1423,1425],{"className":59,"code":1424,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,1426,1427,1439],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1428,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1430,73],{"class":72},[66,1432,77],{"class":76},[66,1434,81],{"class":80},[66,1436,1371],{"class":84},[66,1438,88],{"class":80},[66,1440,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1442,138],{"class":137},[66,1444,110],{"class":102},[66,1446,349],{"class":106},[66,1448,103],{"class":102},[66,1450,107],{"class":106},[66,1452,110],{"class":102},[66,1454,113],{"class":80},[66,1456,1392],{"class":84},[66,1458,113],{"class":80},[66,1460,121],{"class":102},[66,1462,81],{"class":80},[66,1464,1401],{"class":84},[66,1466,113],{"class":80},[66,1468,121],{"class":102},[66,1470,479],{"class":478},[66,1472,1330],{"class":102},[20,1474,148],{},[57,1476,1478],{"className":59,"code":1477,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"blue red red\n",[15,1479,1480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1481,1482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1483,1477],{"class":72},[258,1485,1487,1488,1490],{"id":1486},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,1489,17],{}," for the wrong task",[20,1492,1493],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[33,1495,1496,1503,1510],{},[36,1497,160,1498,1502],{},[200,1499,1500],{"href":769},[15,1501,773],{}," to break a string into a list",[36,1504,160,1505,1509],{},[200,1506,1507],{"href":778},[15,1508,781],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[36,1511,160,1512,1514],{},[15,1513,17],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[52,1516,1518],{"id":1517},"faq","FAQ",[258,1520,1522,1523,1525],{"id":1521},"does-replace-change-the-original-string","Does ",[15,1524,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,1527,1528],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[258,1530,1532],{"id":1531},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,1534,1535],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[258,1537,1539],{"id":1538},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,1541,1542],{},"Use the third argument:",[57,1544,1546],{"className":59,"code":1545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,1547,1548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1549,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1551,349],{"class":72},[66,1553,103],{"class":102},[66,1555,107],{"class":106},[66,1557,110],{"class":102},[66,1559,226],{"class":106},[66,1561,121],{"class":102},[66,1563,231],{"class":106},[66,1565,121],{"class":102},[66,1567,479],{"class":478},[66,1569,131],{"class":102},[258,1571,1573,1574,1576],{"id":1572},"can-replace-remove-text","Can ",[15,1575,17],{}," remove text?",[20,1578,1579],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[57,1581,1583],{"className":59,"code":1582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,1584,1585],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1586,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1588,349],{"class":72},[66,1590,103],{"class":102},[66,1592,107],{"class":106},[66,1594,110],{"class":102},[66,1596,113],{"class":80},[66,1598,960],{"class":84},[66,1600,113],{"class":80},[66,1602,121],{"class":102},[66,1604,733],{"class":80},[66,1606,131],{"class":102},[258,1608,1610,1611,1613],{"id":1609},"is-replace-case-sensitive","Is ",[15,1612,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,1615,1616],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[52,1618,1620],{"id":1619},"see-also","See also",[33,1622,1623,1628,1634,1640,1646],{},[36,1624,1625],{},[200,1626,1627],{"href":597},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[36,1629,1630],{},[200,1631,770,1632,774],{"href":769},[15,1633,773],{},[36,1635,1636],{},[200,1637,770,1638,774],{"href":778},[15,1639,781],{},[36,1641,1642],{},[200,1643,770,1644,774],{"href":895},[15,1645,898],{},[36,1647,1648],{},[200,1649,203],{"href":202},[1651,1652,1653],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":1655},[1656,1657,1659,1662,1663,1667,1671,1672,1674,1682,1692],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":167,"depth":91,"text":1658},"What replace() does",{"id":206,"depth":91,"text":207,"children":1660},[1661],{"id":260,"depth":134,"text":261},{"id":282,"depth":91,"text":283},{"id":407,"depth":91,"text":408,"children":1664},[1665,1666],{"id":423,"depth":134,"text":424},{"id":510,"depth":134,"text":511},{"id":601,"depth":91,"text":602,"children":1668},[1669,1670],{"id":610,"depth":134,"text":611},{"id":688,"depth":134,"text":689},{"id":785,"depth":91,"text":786},{"id":901,"depth":91,"text":1673},"What replace() returns",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":1675},[1676,1678,1679,1680],{"id":1134,"depth":134,"text":1677},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":1279,"depth":134,"text":1280},{"id":1354,"depth":134,"text":1355},{"id":1486,"depth":134,"text":1681},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":1683},[1684,1686,1687,1688,1690],{"id":1521,"depth":134,"text":1685},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":1531,"depth":134,"text":1532},{"id":1538,"depth":134,"text":1539},{"id":1572,"depth":134,"text":1689},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":1609,"depth":134,"text":1691},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":5,"description":1693},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",[1701,3313,5032,6727,8870,11073,12590,14764,16971,19429,21268,23834,25932,28214,30162,32073,34070,35505,37331,39856,42016,43244,44615,46263,48584,50427,52408,54102,55355,57049,58799,60767,62516,64615,65975,67926,69489,71480,73275,75175,77617,79695,82335,84364,86327,88515,90515,92828,94510,95955,97149,98327,100167,102607,104311,106326,107850,109095,110258,111640,113710,115607,117381,119247,121366,123106,124556,126147,128067,129742,131674,133163,135946,137520,138933,140961,142913,144376,145565,147451,148862,150558,152112,153534,154937,156835,159229,161060],{"id":1702,"title":1703,"body":1704,"description":3307,"extension":1694,"meta":3308,"navigation":338,"path":3309,"seo":3310,"stem":3311,"__hash__":3312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1705,"toc":3279},[1706,1709,1716,1719,1730,1733,1735,1801,1803,1823,1828,1832,1837,1840,1856,1859,1885,1888,1892,1895,1910,1913,1940,1942,2000,2002,2017,2027,2038,2042,2045,2099,2101,2121,2124,2148,2155,2159,2164,2170,2172,2211,2213,2222,2229,2247,2250,2262,2266,2271,2275,2278,2299,2301,2359,2361,2369,2372,2376,2408,2410,2418,2421,2425,2430,2478,2480,2488,2492,2552,2554,2562,2565,2569,2573,2576,2599,2608,2624,2676,2678,2693,2704,2708,2711,2741,2748,2752,2757,2798,2800,2811,2814,2857,2859,2867,2871,2876,2898,2900,2909,2918,2922,2927,2949,2951,3022,3024,3076,3079,3082,3085,3165,3167,3198,3200,3204,3207,3211,3214,3218,3221,3225,3237,3241,3244,3246,3276],[10,1707,1703],{"id":1708},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1710,1711,1712,1715],{},"The ",[15,1713,1714],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1717,1718],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[33,1720,1721,1724,1727],{},[36,1722,1723],{},"a number without its negative sign",[36,1725,1726],{},"the distance between two numbers",[36,1728,1729],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1731,1732],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[52,1734,55],{"id":54},[57,1736,1738],{"className":59,"code":1737,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1739,1740,1759,1774],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1741,1742,1744,1746,1749,1751,1754,1757],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1743,138],{"class":137},[66,1745,110],{"class":102},[66,1747,1748],{"class":137},"abs",[66,1750,110],{"class":102},[66,1752,1753],{"class":76},"-",[66,1755,1756],{"class":478},"7",[66,1758,1330],{"class":102},[66,1760,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1772],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1762,138],{"class":137},[66,1764,110],{"class":102},[66,1766,1748],{"class":137},[66,1768,110],{"class":102},[66,1770,1771],{"class":478},"3.5",[66,1773,1330],{"class":102},[66,1775,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1789,1792,1795,1799],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,1777,138],{"class":137},[66,1779,110],{"class":102},[66,1781,1748],{"class":137},[66,1783,110],{"class":102},[66,1785,1753],{"class":76},[66,1787,1788],{"class":478},"2",[66,1790,1791],{"class":76},"+",[66,1793,1794],{"class":478},"3",[66,1796,1798],{"class":1797},"sbsja","j",[66,1800,1330],{"class":102},[20,1802,148],{},[57,1804,1806],{"className":59,"code":1805,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1807,1808,1813,1818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1809,1810],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1811,1812],{"class":478},"7\n",[66,1814,1815],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1816,1817],{"class":478},"3.5\n",[66,1819,1820],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,1821,1822],{"class":478},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1824,160,1825,1827],{},[15,1826,1714],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[52,1829,1831],{"id":1830},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1833,1834,1836],{},[15,1835,1714],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1838,1839],{},"That means:",[33,1841,1842,1845,1848],{},[36,1843,1844],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[36,1846,1847],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[36,1849,1850,1853,1854],{},[15,1851,1852],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1855,1852],{},[20,1857,1858],{},"Examples:",[33,1860,1861,1870,1878],{},[36,1862,1863,1866,1867],{},[15,1864,1865],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1868,1869],{},"5",[36,1871,1872,1866,1875],{},[15,1873,1874],{},"abs(9)",[15,1876,1877],{},"9",[36,1879,1880,1866,1883],{},[15,1881,1882],{},"abs(0)",[15,1884,1852],{},[20,1886,1887],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[52,1889,1891],{"id":1890},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,1893,1894],{},"The syntax is:",[57,1896,1898],{"className":59,"code":1897,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"abs(x)\n",[15,1899,1900],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1901,1902,1904,1906,1908],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1903,1748],{"class":137},[66,1905,110],{"class":102},[66,1907,960],{"class":106},[66,1909,131],{"class":102},[20,1911,1912],{},"Here:",[33,1914,1915,1932,1937],{},[36,1916,1917,1919,1920,1923,1924,1927,1928,1931],{},[15,1918,960],{}," is usually an ",[15,1921,1922],{},"int",", ",[15,1925,1926],{},"float",", or ",[15,1929,1930],{},"complex"," number",[36,1933,1934,1936],{},[15,1935,1714],{}," returns a new value",[36,1938,1939],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1941,923],{},[57,1943,1945],{"className":59,"code":1944,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1946,1947,1960,1976,1980,1990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1948,1949,1952,1954,1957],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1950,1951],{"class":72},"number ",[66,1953,77],{"class":76},[66,1955,1956],{"class":76}," -",[66,1958,1959],{"class":478},"12\n",[66,1961,1962,1964,1966,1969,1971,1974],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,1963,447],{"class":72},[66,1965,77],{"class":76},[66,1967,1968],{"class":137}," abs",[66,1970,110],{"class":102},[66,1972,1973],{"class":106},"number",[66,1975,131],{"class":102},[66,1977,1978],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,1979,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,1981,1982,1984,1986,1988],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,1983,138],{"class":137},[66,1985,110],{"class":102},[66,1987,1973],{"class":106},[66,1989,131],{"class":102},[66,1991,1992,1994,1996,1998],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,1993,138],{"class":137},[66,1995,110],{"class":102},[66,1997,494],{"class":106},[66,1999,131],{"class":102},[20,2001,148],{},[57,2003,2005],{"className":59,"code":2004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-12\n12\n",[15,2006,2007,2013],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2008,2009,2011],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2010,1753],{"class":76},[66,2012,1959],{"class":478},[66,2014,2015],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2016,1959],{"class":478},[20,2018,2019,2020,2022,2023,2026],{},"Notice that ",[15,2021,1973],{}," is still ",[15,2024,2025],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2028,2029,2030,2037],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[200,2031,2033,2036],{"href":2032},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2034,2035],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[52,2039,2041],{"id":2040},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2043,2044],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[57,2046,2048],{"className":59,"code":2047,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2049,2050,2067,2082],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2051,2052,2054,2056,2058,2060,2062,2065],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2053,138],{"class":137},[66,2055,110],{"class":102},[66,2057,1748],{"class":137},[66,2059,110],{"class":102},[66,2061,1753],{"class":76},[66,2063,2064],{"class":478},"10",[66,2066,1330],{"class":102},[66,2068,2069,2071,2073,2075,2077,2080],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2070,138],{"class":137},[66,2072,110],{"class":102},[66,2074,1748],{"class":137},[66,2076,110],{"class":102},[66,2078,2079],{"class":478},"8",[66,2081,1330],{"class":102},[66,2083,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2097],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,2085,138],{"class":137},[66,2087,110],{"class":102},[66,2089,1748],{"class":137},[66,2091,110],{"class":102},[66,2093,1753],{"class":76},[66,2095,2096],{"class":478},"4.2",[66,2098,1330],{"class":102},[20,2100,148],{},[57,2102,2104],{"className":59,"code":2103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2105,2106,2111,2116],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2107,2108],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2109,2110],{"class":478},"10\n",[66,2112,2113],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2114,2115],{"class":478},"8\n",[66,2117,2118],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,2119,2120],{"class":478},"4.2\n",[20,2122,2123],{},"What each line does:",[33,2125,2126,2134,2141],{},[36,2127,2128,2131,2132],{},[15,2129,2130],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2133,2064],{},[36,2135,2136,2131,2139],{},[15,2137,2138],{},"abs(8)",[15,2140,2079],{},[36,2142,2143,2131,2146],{},[15,2144,2145],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2147,2096],{},[20,2149,2150,2151,103],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[200,2152,2154],{"href":2153},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[52,2156,2158],{"id":2157},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2160,2161,2163],{},[15,2162,1714],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2165,2166,2167,2169],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2168,1852],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2171,923],{},[57,2173,2175],{"className":59,"code":2174,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2176,2177,2196],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2178,2179,2182,2184,2187,2190,2193],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2180,2181],{"class":72},"value ",[66,2183,77],{"class":76},[66,2185,2186],{"class":478}," 3",[66,2188,2189],{"class":76}," +",[66,2191,2192],{"class":478}," 4",[66,2194,2195],{"class":1797},"j\n",[66,2197,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206,2209],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2199,138],{"class":137},[66,2201,110],{"class":102},[66,2203,1748],{"class":137},[66,2205,110],{"class":102},[66,2207,2208],{"class":106},"value",[66,2210,1330],{"class":102},[20,2212,148],{},[57,2214,2216],{"className":59,"code":2215,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.0\n",[15,2217,2218],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2219,2220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2221,2215],{"class":478},[20,2223,2224,2225,2228],{},"Why ",[15,2226,2227],{},"5.0","?",[33,2230,2231,2236,2242],{},[36,2232,2233,2234],{},"the real part is ",[15,2235,1794],{},[36,2237,2238,2239],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2240,2241],{},"4",[36,2243,2244,2245],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2246,2227],{},[20,2248,2249],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[33,2251,2252,2259],{},[36,2253,2254,2256,2257],{},[15,2255,1714],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2258,1926],{},[36,2260,2261],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[52,2263,2265],{"id":2264},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2267,2268,2269,103],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2270,1714],{},[258,2272,2274],{"id":2273},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2276,2277],{},"A very common pattern is:",[57,2279,2281],{"className":59,"code":2280,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2282,2283],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2284,2285,2287,2289,2292,2294,2297],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2286,1748],{"class":137},[66,2288,110],{"class":102},[66,2290,2291],{"class":106},"a ",[66,2293,1753],{"class":76},[66,2295,2296],{"class":106}," b",[66,2298,131],{"class":102},[20,2300,923],{},[57,2302,2304],{"className":59,"code":2303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2305,2306,2315,2325,2329,2348],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2307,2308,2310,2312],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2309,2291],{"class":72},[66,2311,77],{"class":76},[66,2313,2314],{"class":478}," 3\n",[66,2316,2317,2320,2322],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2318,2319],{"class":72},"b ",[66,2321,77],{"class":76},[66,2323,2324],{"class":478}," 10\n",[66,2326,2327],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,2328,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,2330,2331,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,2332,2333],{"class":72},"distance ",[66,2335,77],{"class":76},[66,2337,1968],{"class":137},[66,2339,110],{"class":102},[66,2341,2291],{"class":106},[66,2343,1753],{"class":76},[66,2345,2296],{"class":106},[66,2347,131],{"class":102},[66,2349,2350,2352,2354,2357],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,2351,138],{"class":137},[66,2353,110],{"class":102},[66,2355,2356],{"class":106},"distance",[66,2358,131],{"class":102},[20,2360,148],{},[57,2362,2363],{"className":59,"code":1812,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,2364,2365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2366,2367],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2368,1812],{"class":478},[20,2370,2371],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[258,2373,2375],{"id":2374},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[57,2377,2379],{"className":59,"code":2378,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2380,2381,2393],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2382,2383,2386,2388,2390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2384,2385],{"class":72},"temperature_change ",[66,2387,77],{"class":76},[66,2389,1956],{"class":76},[66,2391,2392],{"class":478},"6\n",[66,2394,2395,2397,2399,2401,2403,2406],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2396,138],{"class":137},[66,2398,110],{"class":102},[66,2400,1748],{"class":137},[66,2402,110],{"class":102},[66,2404,2405],{"class":106},"temperature_change",[66,2407,1330],{"class":102},[20,2409,148],{},[57,2411,2412],{"className":59,"code":2392,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,2413,2414],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2415,2416],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2417,2392],{"class":478},[20,2419,2420],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[258,2422,2424],{"id":2423},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2426,2427,2428,2037],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2429,1714],{},[57,2431,2433],{"className":59,"code":2432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2434,2435,2447,2463,2467],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2436,2437,2440,2442,2444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2438,2439],{"class":72},"balance_change ",[66,2441,77],{"class":76},[66,2443,1956],{"class":76},[66,2445,2446],{"class":478},"25\n",[66,2448,2449,2452,2454,2456,2458,2461],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2450,2451],{"class":72},"safe_value ",[66,2453,77],{"class":76},[66,2455,1968],{"class":137},[66,2457,110],{"class":102},[66,2459,2460],{"class":106},"balance_change",[66,2462,131],{"class":102},[66,2464,2465],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,2466,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,2468,2469,2471,2473,2476],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,2470,138],{"class":137},[66,2472,110],{"class":102},[66,2474,2475],{"class":106},"safe_value",[66,2477,131],{"class":102},[20,2479,148],{},[57,2481,2482],{"className":59,"code":2446,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,2483,2484],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2485,2486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2487,2446],{"class":478},[258,2489,2491],{"id":2490},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[57,2493,2495],{"className":59,"code":2494,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2496,2497,2507,2517,2521,2541],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2498,2499,2502,2504],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2500,2501],{"class":72},"guess ",[66,2503,77],{"class":76},[66,2505,2506],{"class":478}," 42\n",[66,2508,2509,2512,2514],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2510,2511],{"class":72},"target ",[66,2513,77],{"class":76},[66,2515,2516],{"class":478}," 50\n",[66,2518,2519],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,2520,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,2522,2523,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536,2539],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,2524,2525],{"class":72},"difference ",[66,2527,77],{"class":76},[66,2529,1968],{"class":137},[66,2531,110],{"class":102},[66,2533,2501],{"class":106},[66,2535,1753],{"class":76},[66,2537,2538],{"class":106}," target",[66,2540,131],{"class":102},[66,2542,2543,2545,2547,2550],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,2544,138],{"class":137},[66,2546,110],{"class":102},[66,2548,2549],{"class":106},"difference",[66,2551,131],{"class":102},[20,2553,148],{},[57,2555,2556],{"className":59,"code":2115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,2557,2558],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2559,2560],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2561,2115],{"class":478},[20,2563,2564],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[52,2566,2568],{"id":2567},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[258,2570,2572],{"id":2571},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2574,2575],{},"This causes an error:",[57,2577,2579],{"className":59,"code":2578,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2580,2581],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2582,2583,2585,2587,2589,2591,2593,2595,2597],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2584,138],{"class":137},[66,2586,110],{"class":102},[66,2588,1748],{"class":137},[66,2590,110],{"class":102},[66,2592,113],{"class":80},[66,2594,1869],{"class":84},[66,2596,113],{"class":80},[66,2598,1330],{"class":102},[20,2600,2601,2604,2605,2607],{},[15,2602,2603],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2606,1714],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2609,2610,2611,2617,2618,1111],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[200,2612,2614],{"href":2613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2615,2616],{},"int()"," or ",[200,2619,2621],{"href":2620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2622,2623],{},"float()",[57,2625,2627],{"className":59,"code":2626,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2628,2629,2653],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2630,2631,2633,2635,2637,2639,2642,2644,2646,2648,2650],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2632,138],{"class":137},[66,2634,110],{"class":102},[66,2636,1748],{"class":137},[66,2638,110],{"class":102},[66,2640,1922],{"class":2641},"sZMiF",[66,2643,110],{"class":102},[66,2645,113],{"class":80},[66,2647,1869],{"class":84},[66,2649,113],{"class":80},[66,2651,2652],{"class":102},")))\n",[66,2654,2655,2657,2659,2661,2663,2665,2667,2669,2672,2674],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2656,138],{"class":137},[66,2658,110],{"class":102},[66,2660,1748],{"class":137},[66,2662,110],{"class":102},[66,2664,1926],{"class":2641},[66,2666,110],{"class":102},[66,2668,113],{"class":80},[66,2670,2671],{"class":84},"-3.2",[66,2673,113],{"class":80},[66,2675,2652],{"class":102},[20,2677,148],{},[57,2679,2681],{"className":59,"code":2680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2682,2683,2688],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2684,2685],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2686,2687],{"class":478},"5\n",[66,2689,2690],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2691,2692],{"class":478},"3.2\n",[20,2694,2695,2696,2699,2700,103],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2697,2698],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[200,2701,2703],{"href":2702},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[258,2705,2707],{"id":2706},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2709,2710],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[57,2712,2714],{"className":59,"code":2713,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2715,2716],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2717,2718,2720,2722,2724,2727,2730,2732,2734,2736,2738],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2719,138],{"class":137},[66,2721,110],{"class":102},[66,2723,1748],{"class":137},[66,2725,2726],{"class":102},"([",[66,2728,2729],{"class":478},"1",[66,2731,121],{"class":102},[66,2733,561],{"class":478},[66,2735,121],{"class":102},[66,2737,2186],{"class":478},[66,2739,2740],{"class":102},"]))\n",[20,2742,2743,2744,2747],{},"This raises a ",[15,2745,2746],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[258,2749,2751],{"id":2750},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2753,2754,2756],{},[15,2755,1714],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[57,2758,2760],{"className":59,"code":2759,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2761,2762,2774,2784,2788],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2763,2764,2767,2769,2771],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2765,2766],{"class":72},"x ",[66,2768,77],{"class":76},[66,2770,1956],{"class":76},[66,2772,2773],{"class":478},"9\n",[66,2775,2776,2778,2780,2782],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2777,1748],{"class":137},[66,2779,110],{"class":102},[66,2781,960],{"class":106},[66,2783,131],{"class":102},[66,2785,2786],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,2787,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,2789,2790,2792,2794,2796],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,2791,138],{"class":137},[66,2793,110],{"class":102},[66,2795,960],{"class":106},[66,2797,131],{"class":102},[20,2799,148],{},[57,2801,2803],{"className":59,"code":2802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-9\n",[15,2804,2805],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2806,2807,2809],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2808,1753],{"class":76},[66,2810,2773],{"class":478},[20,2812,2813],{},"If you want to store the result:",[57,2815,2817],{"className":59,"code":2816,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2818,2819,2829,2843,2847],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2820,2821,2823,2825,2827],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2822,2766],{"class":72},[66,2824,77],{"class":76},[66,2826,1956],{"class":76},[66,2828,2773],{"class":478},[66,2830,2831,2833,2835,2837,2839,2841],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2832,2766],{"class":72},[66,2834,77],{"class":76},[66,2836,1968],{"class":137},[66,2838,110],{"class":102},[66,2840,960],{"class":106},[66,2842,131],{"class":102},[66,2844,2845],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,2846,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,2848,2849,2851,2853,2855],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,2850,138],{"class":137},[66,2852,110],{"class":102},[66,2854,960],{"class":106},[66,2856,131],{"class":102},[20,2858,148],{},[57,2860,2861],{"className":59,"code":2773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,2862,2863],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2864,2865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2866,2773],{"class":478},[258,2868,2870],{"id":2869},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2872,2873,2875],{},[15,2874,1714],{}," does not round numbers.",[57,2877,2879],{"className":59,"code":2878,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2880,2881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2882,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2896],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2884,138],{"class":137},[66,2886,110],{"class":102},[66,2888,1748],{"class":137},[66,2890,110],{"class":102},[66,2892,1753],{"class":76},[66,2894,2895],{"class":478},"4.7",[66,2897,1330],{"class":102},[20,2899,148],{},[57,2901,2903],{"className":59,"code":2902,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4.7\n",[15,2904,2905],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2906,2907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2908,2902],{"class":478},[20,2910,2911,2912,2914,2915,2917],{},"If you expected ",[15,2913,1869],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2916,1714],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[52,2919,2921],{"id":2920},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2923,2924,2926],{},[15,2925,1714],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[33,2928,2929,2936,2943],{},[36,2930,2931,2933,2934],{},[15,2932,1922],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2935,1922],{},[36,2937,2938,2940,2941],{},[15,2939,1926],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2942,1926],{},[36,2944,2945,2940,2947],{},[15,2946,1930],{},[15,2948,1926],{},[20,2950,923],{},[57,2952,2954],{"className":59,"code":2953,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2955,2956,2977,2998],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2957,2958,2960,2962,2965,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2959,138],{"class":137},[66,2961,110],{"class":102},[66,2963,2964],{"class":2641},"type",[66,2966,110],{"class":102},[66,2968,1748],{"class":137},[66,2970,110],{"class":102},[66,2972,1753],{"class":76},[66,2974,1869],{"class":478},[66,2976,2652],{"class":102},[66,2978,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987,2989,2991,2993,2996],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,2980,138],{"class":137},[66,2982,110],{"class":102},[66,2984,2964],{"class":2641},[66,2986,110],{"class":102},[66,2988,1748],{"class":137},[66,2990,110],{"class":102},[66,2992,1753],{"class":76},[66,2994,2995],{"class":478},"3.2",[66,2997,2652],{"class":102},[66,2999,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014,3016,3018,3020],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,3001,138],{"class":137},[66,3003,110],{"class":102},[66,3005,2964],{"class":2641},[66,3007,110],{"class":102},[66,3009,1748],{"class":137},[66,3011,110],{"class":102},[66,3013,1794],{"class":478},[66,3015,2189],{"class":76},[66,3017,2192],{"class":478},[66,3019,1798],{"class":1797},[66,3021,2652],{"class":102},[20,3023,148],{},[57,3025,3027],{"className":59,"code":3026,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3028,3029,3048,3062],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3030,3031,3034,3037,3040,3042,3045],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3032,3033],{"class":76},"\u003C",[66,3035,3036],{"class":1797},"class",[66,3038,3039],{"class":80}," '",[66,3041,1922],{"class":84},[66,3043,3044],{"class":80},"'",[66,3046,3047],{"class":76},">\n",[66,3049,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058,3060],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3051,3033],{"class":76},[66,3053,3036],{"class":1797},[66,3055,3039],{"class":80},[66,3057,1926],{"class":84},[66,3059,3044],{"class":80},[66,3061,3047],{"class":76},[66,3063,3064,3066,3068,3070,3072,3074],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,3065,3033],{"class":76},[66,3067,3036],{"class":1797},[66,3069,3039],{"class":80},[66,3071,1926],{"class":84},[66,3073,3044],{"class":80},[66,3075,3047],{"class":76},[20,3077,3078],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3080,3081],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3083,3084],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[57,3086,3088],{"className":59,"code":3087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3089,3090,3103,3113,3127,3131,3145],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3091,3092,3094,3096,3098,3101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3093,2181],{"class":72},[66,3095,77],{"class":76},[66,3097,81],{"class":80},[66,3099,3100],{"class":84},"-5",[66,3102,88],{"class":80},[66,3104,3105,3107,3109,3111],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3106,138],{"class":137},[66,3108,110],{"class":102},[66,3110,2208],{"class":106},[66,3112,131],{"class":102},[66,3114,3115,3117,3119,3121,3123,3125],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,3116,138],{"class":137},[66,3118,110],{"class":102},[66,3120,2964],{"class":2641},[66,3122,110],{"class":102},[66,3124,2208],{"class":106},[66,3126,1330],{"class":102},[66,3128,3129],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,3130,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,3132,3133,3136,3138,3140,3143],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,3134,3135],{"class":72},"user_input ",[66,3137,77],{"class":76},[66,3139,81],{"class":80},[66,3141,3142],{"class":84},"-3.7",[66,3144,88],{"class":80},[66,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158,3160,3163],{"class":68,"line":3147},6,[66,3149,138],{"class":137},[66,3151,110],{"class":102},[66,3153,1748],{"class":137},[66,3155,110],{"class":102},[66,3157,1926],{"class":2641},[66,3159,110],{"class":102},[66,3161,3162],{"class":106},"user_input",[66,3164,2652],{"class":102},[20,3166,148],{},[57,3168,3170],{"className":59,"code":3169,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3171,3172,3178,3193],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3173,3174,3176],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3175,1753],{"class":76},[66,3177,2687],{"class":478},[66,3179,3180,3182,3184,3186,3189,3191],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3181,3033],{"class":76},[66,3183,3036],{"class":1797},[66,3185,3039],{"class":80},[66,3187,3188],{"class":84},"str",[66,3190,3044],{"class":80},[66,3192,3047],{"class":76},[66,3194,3195],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,3196,3197],{"class":478},"3.7\n",[52,3199,1518],{"id":1517},[258,3201,3203],{"id":3202},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3205,3206],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[258,3208,3210],{"id":3209},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3212,3213],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[258,3215,3217],{"id":3216},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3219,3220],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[258,3222,3224],{"id":3223},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3226,3227,3229,3230,2617,3232,3234,3235,103],{},[15,3228,2698],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3231,2616],{},[15,3233,2623],{}," before using ",[15,3236,1714],{},[258,3238,3240],{"id":3239},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3242,3243],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[52,3245,1620],{"id":1619},[33,3247,3248,3255,3261,3267,3272],{},[36,3249,3250],{},[200,3251,3252,3254],{"href":2613},[15,3253,2616],{}," function explained",[36,3256,3257],{},[200,3258,3259,3254],{"href":2620},[15,3260,2623],{},[36,3262,3263],{},[200,3264,3265,3254],{"href":2032},[15,3266,2035],{},[36,3268,3269],{},[200,3270,3271],{"href":2702},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[36,3273,3274],{},[200,3275,2154],{"href":2153},[1651,3277,3278],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":3280},[3281,3282,3283,3284,3285,3286,3292,3298,3299,3306],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":1830,"depth":91,"text":1831},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":2040,"depth":91,"text":2041},{"id":2157,"depth":91,"text":2158},{"id":2264,"depth":91,"text":2265,"children":3287},[3288,3289,3290,3291],{"id":2273,"depth":134,"text":2274},{"id":2374,"depth":134,"text":2375},{"id":2423,"depth":134,"text":2424},{"id":2490,"depth":134,"text":2491},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":3293},[3294,3295,3296,3297],{"id":2571,"depth":134,"text":2572},{"id":2706,"depth":134,"text":2707},{"id":2750,"depth":134,"text":2751},{"id":2869,"depth":134,"text":2870},{"id":2920,"depth":91,"text":2921},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":3300},[3301,3302,3303,3304,3305],{"id":3202,"depth":134,"text":3203},{"id":3209,"depth":134,"text":3210},{"id":3216,"depth":134,"text":3217},{"id":3223,"depth":134,"text":3224},{"id":3239,"depth":134,"text":3240},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1703,"description":3307},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3314,"title":3315,"body":3316,"description":5026,"extension":1694,"meta":5027,"navigation":338,"path":5028,"seo":5029,"stem":5030,"__hash__":5031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3317,"toc":4990},[3318,3326,3332,3335,3352,3356,3415,3425,3430,3434,3453,3456,3473,3476,3480,3488,3505,3508,3548,3551,3558,3564,3641,3643,3675,3681,3685,3689,3728,3730,3739,3746,3750,3789,3791,3800,3810,3814,3869,3871,3879,3882,3885,3932,3934,3942,3948,3955,3960,3963,3966,4033,4035,4043,4046,4113,4115,4123,4137,4140,4151,4155,4161,4164,4166,4182,4184,4192,4195,4198,4201,4218,4221,4224,4254,4256,4269,4271,4275,4278,4293,4298,4301,4328,4335,4338,4378,4385,4391,4399,4402,4454,4461,4526,4531,4540,4543,4561,4567,4570,4712,4718,4723,4726,4737,4740,4796,4798,4806,4809,4868,4870,4878,4881,4892,4894,4901,4910,4919,4922,4928,4931,4940,4953,4955,4987],[10,3319,3321,3322,3325],{"id":3320},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3323,3324],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3327,3328,3329,3331],{},"Python’s ",[15,3330,3324],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3333,3334],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[33,3336,3337,3340,3343],{},[36,3338,3339],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[36,3341,3342],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[36,3344,3345,2131,3348,3351],{},[15,3346,3347],{},"all([])",[15,3349,3350],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[52,3353,3355],{"id":3354},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[57,3357,3359],{"className":59,"code":3358,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3360,3361,3384,3400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3362,3363,3366,3368,3371,3373,3375,3377,3379,3381],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3364,3365],{"class":72},"numbers ",[66,3367,77],{"class":76},[66,3369,3370],{"class":102}," [",[66,3372,2729],{"class":478},[66,3374,121],{"class":102},[66,3376,561],{"class":478},[66,3378,121],{"class":102},[66,3380,2186],{"class":478},[66,3382,3383],{"class":102},"]\n",[66,3385,3386,3388,3390,3393,3395,3398],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3387,447],{"class":72},[66,3389,77],{"class":76},[66,3391,3392],{"class":137}," all",[66,3394,110],{"class":102},[66,3396,3397],{"class":106},"numbers",[66,3399,131],{"class":102},[66,3401,3402,3404,3406,3408,3411],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,3403,138],{"class":137},[66,3405,110],{"class":102},[66,3407,494],{"class":106},[66,3409,3410],{"class":102},")",[66,3412,3414],{"class":3413},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3416,3417,2131,3419,3421,3422,103],{},[15,3418,3324],{},[15,3420,3350],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3423,3424],{},"False",[52,3426,168,3428,41],{"id":3427},"what-all-does",[15,3429,3324],{},[20,3431,3432,1111],{},[15,3433,3324],{},[33,3435,3436,3439,3445,3450],{},[36,3437,3438],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[36,3440,3441,3442,3444],{},"returns ",[15,3443,3350],{}," if all items are truthy",[36,3446,3441,3447,3449],{},[15,3448,3424],{}," if any item is falsy",[36,3451,3452],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3454,3455],{},"Basic syntax:",[57,3457,3459],{"className":59,"code":3458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3460,3461],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3462,3463,3466,3468,3471],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3464,3465],{"class":137},"all",[66,3467,110],{"class":102},[66,3469,3470],{"class":106},"iterable",[66,3472,131],{"class":102},[20,3474,3475],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[52,3477,3479],{"id":3478},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3481,3482,3483,2617,3485,3487],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3484,3350],{},[15,3486,3424],{}," in conditions.",[33,3489,3490,3498],{},[36,3491,3492,3495,3496],{},[398,3493,3494],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3497,3350],{},[36,3499,3500,3495,3503],{},[398,3501,3502],{},"Falsy",[15,3504,3424],{},[20,3506,3507],{},"Common falsy values include:",[33,3509,3510,3514,3519,3524,3529,3533,3538,3543],{},[36,3511,3512],{},[15,3513,1852],{},[36,3515,3516],{},[15,3517,3518],{},"0.0",[36,3520,3521],{},[15,3522,3523],{},"''",[36,3525,3526],{},[15,3527,3528],{},"None",[36,3530,3531],{},[15,3532,3424],{},[36,3534,3535],{},[15,3536,3537],{},"[]",[36,3539,3540],{},[15,3541,3542],{},"{}",[36,3544,3545],{},[15,3546,3547],{},"set()",[20,3549,3550],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3552,3553,3554,103],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[200,3555,3557],{"href":3556},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3559,3560,3561,1111],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3562,3563],{},"bool()",[57,3565,3567],{"className":59,"code":3566,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3568,3569,3606,3610],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3570,3571,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3585,3587,3590,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3604],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3572,3573],{"class":72},"values ",[66,3575,77],{"class":76},[66,3577,3370],{"class":102},[66,3579,2729],{"class":478},[66,3581,121],{"class":102},[66,3583,3584],{"class":478}," 0",[66,3586,121],{"class":102},[66,3588,3589],{"class":80}," ''",[66,3591,121],{"class":102},[66,3593,3039],{"class":80},[66,3595,939],{"class":84},[66,3597,3044],{"class":80},[66,3599,121],{"class":102},[66,3601,3603],{"class":3602},"s39Yj"," None",[66,3605,3383],{"class":102},[66,3607,3608],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3609,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,3611,3612,3614,3616,3619,3621,3623,3625,3629,3632,3635,3638],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,3613,138],{"class":137},[66,3615,2726],{"class":102},[66,3617,3618],{"class":2641},"bool",[66,3620,110],{"class":102},[66,3622,960],{"class":106},[66,3624,3410],{"class":102},[66,3626,3628],{"class":3627},"sVHd0"," for",[66,3630,3631],{"class":106}," x ",[66,3633,3634],{"class":3627},"in",[66,3636,3637],{"class":106}," values",[66,3639,3640],{"class":102},"])\n",[20,3642,148],{},[57,3644,3646],{"className":59,"code":3645,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3647,3648],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3649,3650,3653,3655,3657,3660,3662,3664,3666,3669,3671,3673],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3651,3652],{"class":102},"[",[66,3654,3350],{"class":3602},[66,3656,121],{"class":102},[66,3658,3659],{"class":3602}," False",[66,3661,121],{"class":102},[66,3663,3659],{"class":3602},[66,3665,121],{"class":102},[66,3667,3668],{"class":3602}," True",[66,3670,121],{"class":102},[66,3672,3659],{"class":3602},[66,3674,3383],{"class":102},[20,3676,3677,3678,3680],{},"This matters because ",[15,3679,3324],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[52,3682,3684],{"id":3683},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[258,3686,3688],{"id":3687},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[57,3690,3692],{"className":59,"code":3691,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3693,3694,3714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3695,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3697,3365],{"class":72},[66,3699,77],{"class":76},[66,3701,3370],{"class":102},[66,3703,2729],{"class":478},[66,3705,121],{"class":102},[66,3707,561],{"class":478},[66,3709,121],{"class":102},[66,3711,2186],{"class":478},[66,3713,3383],{"class":102},[66,3715,3716,3718,3720,3722,3724,3726],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3717,138],{"class":137},[66,3719,110],{"class":102},[66,3721,3465],{"class":137},[66,3723,110],{"class":102},[66,3725,3397],{"class":106},[66,3727,1330],{"class":102},[20,3729,148],{},[57,3731,3733],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\n",[15,3734,3735],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3736,3737],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3738,3732],{"class":3602},[20,3740,3741,3742,2131,3744,103],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3743,3324],{},[15,3745,3350],{},[258,3747,3749],{"id":3748},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[57,3751,3753],{"className":59,"code":3752,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3754,3755,3775],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3756,3757,3759,3761,3763,3765,3767,3769,3771,3773],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3758,3365],{"class":72},[66,3760,77],{"class":76},[66,3762,3370],{"class":102},[66,3764,2729],{"class":478},[66,3766,121],{"class":102},[66,3768,3584],{"class":478},[66,3770,121],{"class":102},[66,3772,2186],{"class":478},[66,3774,3383],{"class":102},[66,3776,3777,3779,3781,3783,3785,3787],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3778,138],{"class":137},[66,3780,110],{"class":102},[66,3782,3465],{"class":137},[66,3784,110],{"class":102},[66,3786,3397],{"class":106},[66,3788,1330],{"class":102},[20,3790,148],{},[57,3792,3794],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\n",[15,3795,3796],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3797,3798],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3799,3793],{"class":3602},[20,3801,3802,3803,3805,3806,2131,3808,103],{},"The value ",[15,3804,1852],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3807,3324],{},[15,3809,3424],{},[258,3811,3813],{"id":3812},"example-strings","Example: strings",[57,3815,3817],{"className":59,"code":3816,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3818,3819,3854],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3820,3821,3824,3826,3828,3830,3833,3835,3837,3839,3841,3843,3845,3847,3850,3852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3822,3823],{"class":72},"words ",[66,3825,77],{"class":76},[66,3827,3370],{"class":102},[66,3829,3044],{"class":80},[66,3831,3832],{"class":84},"apple",[66,3834,3044],{"class":80},[66,3836,121],{"class":102},[66,3838,3039],{"class":80},[66,3840,627],{"class":84},[66,3842,3044],{"class":80},[66,3844,121],{"class":102},[66,3846,3039],{"class":80},[66,3848,3849],{"class":84},"cherry",[66,3851,3044],{"class":80},[66,3853,3383],{"class":102},[66,3855,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864,3867],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3857,138],{"class":137},[66,3859,110],{"class":102},[66,3861,3465],{"class":137},[66,3863,110],{"class":102},[66,3865,3866],{"class":106},"words",[66,3868,1330],{"class":102},[20,3870,148],{},[57,3872,3873],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,3874,3875],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3876,3877],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3878,3732],{"class":3602},[20,3880,3881],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3883,3884],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[57,3886,3888],{"className":59,"code":3887,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3889,3890,3918],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3891,3892,3894,3896,3898,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3914,3916],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3893,3823],{"class":72},[66,3895,77],{"class":76},[66,3897,3370],{"class":102},[66,3899,3044],{"class":80},[66,3901,3832],{"class":84},[66,3903,3044],{"class":80},[66,3905,121],{"class":102},[66,3907,3589],{"class":80},[66,3909,121],{"class":102},[66,3911,3039],{"class":80},[66,3913,3849],{"class":84},[66,3915,3044],{"class":80},[66,3917,3383],{"class":102},[66,3919,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3921,138],{"class":137},[66,3923,110],{"class":102},[66,3925,3465],{"class":137},[66,3927,110],{"class":102},[66,3929,3866],{"class":106},[66,3931,1330],{"class":102},[20,3933,148],{},[57,3935,3936],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,3937,3938],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3939,3940],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3941,3793],{"class":3602},[20,3943,3944,3945,3947],{},"The empty string ",[15,3946,3523],{}," is falsy.",[52,3949,3951,3952,3954],{"id":3950},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3953,3324],{}," works with conditions",[20,3956,3957,3959],{},[15,3958,3324],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3961,3962],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3964,3965],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[57,3967,3969],{"className":59,"code":3968,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3970,3971,3991,4019,4023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3972,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3974,3365],{"class":72},[66,3976,77],{"class":76},[66,3978,3370],{"class":102},[66,3980,2729],{"class":478},[66,3982,121],{"class":102},[66,3984,561],{"class":478},[66,3986,121],{"class":102},[66,3988,2186],{"class":478},[66,3990,3383],{"class":102},[66,3992,3993,3995,3997,3999,4001,4003,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014,4017],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,3994,447],{"class":72},[66,3996,77],{"class":76},[66,3998,3392],{"class":137},[66,4000,110],{"class":102},[66,4002,2766],{"class":106},[66,4004,4005],{"class":76},">",[66,4007,3584],{"class":478},[66,4009,3628],{"class":3627},[66,4011,3631],{"class":106},[66,4013,3634],{"class":3627},[66,4015,4016],{"class":106}," numbers",[66,4018,131],{"class":102},[66,4020,4021],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,4022,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,4024,4025,4027,4029,4031],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,4026,138],{"class":137},[66,4028,110],{"class":102},[66,4030,494],{"class":106},[66,4032,131],{"class":102},[20,4034,148],{},[57,4036,4037],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4038,4039],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4040,4041],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4042,3732],{"class":3602},[20,4044,4045],{},"Here is one that fails:",[57,4047,4049],{"className":59,"code":4048,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4050,4051,4073,4099,4103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4052,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065,4067,4069,4071],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4054,3365],{"class":72},[66,4056,77],{"class":76},[66,4058,3370],{"class":102},[66,4060,2729],{"class":478},[66,4062,121],{"class":102},[66,4064,1956],{"class":76},[66,4066,1788],{"class":478},[66,4068,121],{"class":102},[66,4070,2186],{"class":478},[66,4072,3383],{"class":102},[66,4074,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087,4089,4091,4093,4095,4097],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4076,447],{"class":72},[66,4078,77],{"class":76},[66,4080,3392],{"class":137},[66,4082,110],{"class":102},[66,4084,2766],{"class":106},[66,4086,4005],{"class":76},[66,4088,3584],{"class":478},[66,4090,3628],{"class":3627},[66,4092,3631],{"class":106},[66,4094,3634],{"class":3627},[66,4096,4016],{"class":106},[66,4098,131],{"class":102},[66,4100,4101],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,4102,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,4104,4105,4107,4109,4111],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,4106,138],{"class":137},[66,4108,110],{"class":102},[66,4110,494],{"class":106},[66,4112,131],{"class":102},[20,4114,148],{},[57,4116,4117],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4118,4119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4120,4121],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4122,3793],{"class":3602},[20,4124,4125,4126,4129,4130,4132,4133,2131,4135,103],{},"The expression ",[15,4127,4128],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4131,3350],{},", then ",[15,4134,3324],{},[15,4136,3350],{},[20,4138,4139],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4141,4142,4143,798,4147,103],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[200,4144,4146],{"href":4145},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[200,4148,4150],{"href":4149},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[52,4152,4154],{"id":4153},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4156,4157,2131,4159,103],{},[15,4158,3347],{},[15,4160,3350],{},[20,4162,4163],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4165,923],{},[57,4167,4169],{"className":59,"code":4168,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4170,4171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4172,4173,4175,4177,4179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4174,138],{"class":137},[66,4176,110],{"class":102},[66,4178,3465],{"class":137},[66,4180,4181],{"class":102},"([]))\n",[20,4183,148],{},[57,4185,4186],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4187,4188],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4189,4190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4191,3732],{"class":3602},[20,4193,4194],{},"Why?",[20,4196,4197],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4199,4200],{},"Think of it this way:",[33,4202,4203,4210,4213],{},[36,4204,4205,2131,4207,4209],{},[15,4206,3324],{},[15,4208,3424],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[36,4211,4212],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[36,4214,4215,4216],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4217,3424],{},[20,4219,4220],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4222,4223],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[57,4225,4227],{"className":59,"code":4226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4228,4229,4240],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4230,4231,4233,4235,4237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4232,138],{"class":137},[66,4234,110],{"class":102},[66,4236,3465],{"class":137},[66,4238,4239],{"class":102},"(()))\n",[66,4241,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4243,138],{"class":137},[66,4245,110],{"class":102},[66,4247,3465],{"class":137},[66,4249,110],{"class":102},[66,4251,3523],{"class":80},[66,4253,1330],{"class":102},[20,4255,148],{},[57,4257,4259],{"className":59,"code":4258,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4260,4261,4265],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4262,4263],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4264,3732],{"class":3602},[66,4266,4267],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4268,3732],{"class":3602},[52,4270,1105],{"id":1104},[258,4272,4274],{"id":4273},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4276,4277],{},"This is wrong:",[57,4279,4281],{"className":59,"code":4280,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4282,4283,4288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4284,4285],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4286,4287],{"class":3413},"# Wrong\n",[66,4289,4290],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4291,4292],{"class":3413},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4294,4295,4297],{},[15,4296,3324],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4299,4300],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[57,4302,4304],{"className":59,"code":4303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4305,4306],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4307,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4309,138],{"class":137},[66,4311,110],{"class":102},[66,4313,3465],{"class":137},[66,4315,2726],{"class":102},[66,4317,2729],{"class":478},[66,4319,121],{"class":102},[66,4321,561],{"class":478},[66,4323,121],{"class":102},[66,4325,2186],{"class":478},[66,4327,2740],{"class":102},[258,4329,4331,4332,4334],{"id":4330},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4333,3324],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4336,4337],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[57,4339,4341],{"className":59,"code":4340,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4342,4343,4364],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4344,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4358,4360,4362],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4346,3365],{"class":72},[66,4348,77],{"class":76},[66,4350,3370],{"class":102},[66,4352,1869],{"class":478},[66,4354,121],{"class":102},[66,4356,4357],{"class":478}," 5",[66,4359,121],{"class":102},[66,4361,4357],{"class":478},[66,4363,3383],{"class":102},[66,4365,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4367,138],{"class":137},[66,4369,110],{"class":102},[66,4371,3465],{"class":137},[66,4373,110],{"class":102},[66,4375,3397],{"class":106},[66,4377,1330],{"class":102},[20,4379,4380,4381,4384],{},"This does ",[398,4382,4383],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4386,4387,4388,4390],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4389,1869],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[57,4392,4393],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4394,4395],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4396,4397],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4398,3732],{"class":3602},[20,4400,4401],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[57,4403,4405],{"className":59,"code":4404,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4406,4407,4427],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4408,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4410,3365],{"class":72},[66,4412,77],{"class":76},[66,4414,3370],{"class":102},[66,4416,1869],{"class":478},[66,4418,121],{"class":102},[66,4420,4357],{"class":478},[66,4422,121],{"class":102},[66,4424,4357],{"class":478},[66,4426,3383],{"class":102},[66,4428,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4430,138],{"class":137},[66,4432,110],{"class":102},[66,4434,3465],{"class":137},[66,4436,110],{"class":102},[66,4438,2766],{"class":106},[66,4440,4441],{"class":76},"==",[66,4443,4357],{"class":478},[66,4445,3628],{"class":3627},[66,4447,3631],{"class":106},[66,4449,3634],{"class":3627},[66,4451,4016],{"class":106},[66,4453,1330],{"class":102},[258,4455,4457,4458,4460],{"id":4456},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4459,1852],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[57,4462,4464],{"className":59,"code":4463,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4465,4466,4492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4467,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486,4489],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4469,138],{"class":137},[66,4471,110],{"class":102},[66,4473,3465],{"class":137},[66,4475,2726],{"class":102},[66,4477,2729],{"class":478},[66,4479,121],{"class":102},[66,4481,561],{"class":478},[66,4483,121],{"class":102},[66,4485,3584],{"class":478},[66,4487,4488],{"class":102},"]))",[66,4490,4491],{"class":3413},"       # False\n",[66,4493,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4495,138],{"class":137},[66,4497,110],{"class":102},[66,4499,3465],{"class":137},[66,4501,2726],{"class":102},[66,4503,3044],{"class":80},[66,4505,200],{"class":84},[66,4507,3044],{"class":80},[66,4509,121],{"class":102},[66,4511,3039],{"class":80},[66,4513,4514],{"class":84},"b",[66,4516,3044],{"class":80},[66,4518,121],{"class":102},[66,4520,3589],{"class":80},[66,4522,4488],{"class":102},[66,4524,4525],{"class":3413},"  # False\n",[20,4527,4528,4529,103],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4530,3424],{},[258,4532,4534,4535,4537,4538],{"id":4533},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4536,3347],{}," is ",[15,4539,3350],{},[20,4541,4542],{},"This is expected behavior:",[57,4544,4546],{"className":59,"code":4545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4547,4548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4549,4550,4552,4554,4556,4559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4551,138],{"class":137},[66,4553,110],{"class":102},[66,4555,3465],{"class":137},[66,4557,4558],{"class":102},"([]))",[66,4560,3414],{"class":3413},[20,4562,4563,4564,4566],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4565,3350],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4568,4569],{},"Useful quick tests:",[57,4571,4573],{"className":59,"code":4572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4574,4575,4597,4619,4666,4702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4576,4577,4579,4581,4583,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4578,138],{"class":137},[66,4580,110],{"class":102},[66,4582,3465],{"class":137},[66,4584,2726],{"class":102},[66,4586,2729],{"class":478},[66,4588,121],{"class":102},[66,4590,561],{"class":478},[66,4592,121],{"class":102},[66,4594,2186],{"class":478},[66,4596,2740],{"class":102},[66,4598,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4600,138],{"class":137},[66,4602,110],{"class":102},[66,4604,3465],{"class":137},[66,4606,2726],{"class":102},[66,4608,2729],{"class":478},[66,4610,121],{"class":102},[66,4612,3584],{"class":478},[66,4614,121],{"class":102},[66,4616,2186],{"class":478},[66,4618,2740],{"class":102},[66,4620,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4639,4641,4643,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,4622,138],{"class":137},[66,4624,2726],{"class":102},[66,4626,3618],{"class":2641},[66,4628,110],{"class":102},[66,4630,960],{"class":106},[66,4632,3410],{"class":102},[66,4634,3628],{"class":3627},[66,4636,3631],{"class":106},[66,4638,3634],{"class":3627},[66,4640,3370],{"class":102},[66,4642,2729],{"class":478},[66,4644,121],{"class":102},[66,4646,3584],{"class":478},[66,4648,121],{"class":102},[66,4650,3589],{"class":80},[66,4652,121],{"class":102},[66,4654,3039],{"class":80},[66,4656,939],{"class":84},[66,4658,3044],{"class":80},[66,4660,121],{"class":102},[66,4662,3603],{"class":3602},[66,4664,4665],{"class":102},"]])\n",[66,4667,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,4669,138],{"class":137},[66,4671,110],{"class":102},[66,4673,3465],{"class":137},[66,4675,110],{"class":102},[66,4677,2766],{"class":106},[66,4679,4005],{"class":76},[66,4681,3584],{"class":478},[66,4683,3628],{"class":3627},[66,4685,3631],{"class":106},[66,4687,3634],{"class":3627},[66,4689,3370],{"class":102},[66,4691,2729],{"class":478},[66,4693,121],{"class":102},[66,4695,561],{"class":478},[66,4697,121],{"class":102},[66,4699,2186],{"class":478},[66,4701,2740],{"class":102},[66,4703,4704,4706,4708,4710],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,4705,138],{"class":137},[66,4707,110],{"class":102},[66,4709,3465],{"class":137},[66,4711,4181],{"class":102},[52,4713,4715,4716],{"id":4714},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4717,3324],{},[20,4719,4720,4722],{},[15,4721,3324],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4724,4725],{},"Common use cases:",[33,4727,4728,4731,4734],{},[36,4729,4730],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[36,4732,4733],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[36,4735,4736],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4738,4739],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[57,4741,4743],{"className":59,"code":4742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4744,4745,4781],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4746,4747,4750,4752,4754,4756,4759,4761,4763,4765,4768,4770,4772,4774,4777,4779],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4748,4749],{"class":72},"names ",[66,4751,77],{"class":76},[66,4753,3370],{"class":102},[66,4755,3044],{"class":80},[66,4757,4758],{"class":84},"Alice",[66,4760,3044],{"class":80},[66,4762,121],{"class":102},[66,4764,3039],{"class":80},[66,4766,4767],{"class":84},"Bob",[66,4769,3044],{"class":80},[66,4771,121],{"class":102},[66,4773,3039],{"class":80},[66,4775,4776],{"class":84},"Charlie",[66,4778,3044],{"class":80},[66,4780,3383],{"class":102},[66,4782,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4794],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4784,138],{"class":137},[66,4786,110],{"class":102},[66,4788,3465],{"class":137},[66,4790,110],{"class":102},[66,4792,4793],{"class":106},"names",[66,4795,1330],{"class":102},[20,4797,148],{},[57,4799,4800],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4801,4802],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4803,4804],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4805,3732],{"class":3602},[20,4807,4808],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[57,4810,4812],{"className":59,"code":4811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4813,4814,4838],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4815,4816,4819,4821,4823,4826,4828,4831,4833,4836],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4817,4818],{"class":72},"scores ",[66,4820,77],{"class":76},[66,4822,3370],{"class":102},[66,4824,4825],{"class":478},"75",[66,4827,121],{"class":102},[66,4829,4830],{"class":478}," 80",[66,4832,121],{"class":102},[66,4834,4835],{"class":478}," 50",[66,4837,3383],{"class":102},[66,4839,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4851,4854,4856,4858,4861,4863,4866],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,4841,138],{"class":137},[66,4843,110],{"class":102},[66,4845,3465],{"class":137},[66,4847,110],{"class":102},[66,4849,4850],{"class":106},"score ",[66,4852,4853],{"class":76},">=",[66,4855,4835],{"class":478},[66,4857,3628],{"class":3627},[66,4859,4860],{"class":106}," score ",[66,4862,3634],{"class":3627},[66,4864,4865],{"class":106}," scores",[66,4867,1330],{"class":102},[20,4869,148],{},[57,4871,4872],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4873,4874],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4875,4876],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4877,3732],{"class":3602},[20,4879,4880],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4882,4883,4884,798,4888,103],{},"For related tasks, see ",[200,4885,4887],{"href":4886},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[200,4889,4891],{"href":4890},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[52,4893,1518],{"id":1517},[258,4895,4897,4898,4900],{"id":4896},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4899,3324],{}," return in Python?",[20,4902,4903,4904,4906,4907,4909],{},"It returns ",[15,4905,3350],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4908,3424],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[258,4911,4913,4914,4916,4917,2228],{"id":4912},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4915,3347],{}," return ",[15,4918,3350],{},[20,4920,4921],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[258,4923,1573,4925,4927],{"id":4924},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4926,3324],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4929,4930],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[258,4932,4934,4935,798,4937,2228],{"id":4933},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4936,3324],{},[15,4938,4939],{},"any()",[20,4941,4942,4944,4945,4947,4948,103],{},[15,4943,3324],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4946,4939],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[200,4949,3321,4951,3254],{"href":4950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4952,4939],{},[52,4954,1620],{"id":1619},[33,4956,4957,4963,4967,4972,4977,4982],{},[36,4958,4959],{},[200,4960,3321,4961,3254],{"href":4950},[15,4962,4939],{},[36,4964,4965],{},[200,4966,3557],{"href":3556},[36,4968,4969],{},[200,4970,4971],{"href":4890},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,4973,4974],{},[200,4975,4976],{"href":4886},"How to filter a list in Python",[36,4978,4979],{},[200,4980,4981],{"href":4145},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[36,4983,4984],{},[200,4985,4986],{"href":4149},"What is an iterable in Python",[1651,4988,4989],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":4991},[4992,4993,4995,4996,5001,5003,5004,5013,5015,5025],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":3427,"depth":91,"text":4994},"What all() does",{"id":3478,"depth":91,"text":3479},{"id":3683,"depth":91,"text":3684,"children":4997},[4998,4999,5000],{"id":3687,"depth":134,"text":3688},{"id":3748,"depth":134,"text":3749},{"id":3812,"depth":134,"text":3813},{"id":3950,"depth":91,"text":5002},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4153,"depth":91,"text":4154},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":5005},[5006,5007,5009,5011],{"id":4273,"depth":134,"text":4274},{"id":4330,"depth":134,"text":5008},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4456,"depth":134,"text":5010},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4533,"depth":134,"text":5012},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4714,"depth":91,"text":5014},"When to use all()",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":5016},[5017,5019,5021,5023],{"id":4896,"depth":134,"text":5018},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4912,"depth":134,"text":5020},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4924,"depth":134,"text":5022},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4933,"depth":134,"text":5024},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3315,"description":5026},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5033,"title":5034,"body":5035,"description":6722,"extension":1694,"meta":6723,"navigation":338,"path":4950,"seo":6724,"stem":6725,"__hash__":6726},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5036,"toc":6700},[5037,5040,5048,5051,5068,5076,5120,5129,5133,5138,5141,5158,5161,5172,5184,5186,5189,5204,5209,5212,5224,5227,5311,5314,5335,5341,5343,5351,5365,5367,5401,5403,5406,5467,5469,5486,5489,5516,5518,5526,5538,5540,5543,5582,5584,5592,5594,5610,5618,5621,5664,5666,5674,5679,5683,5691,5694,5721,5724,5727,5801,5803,5811,5818,5842,5853,5856,5934,5936,5944,5951,5955,5960,5975,5977,5985,5988,5994,5997,6043,6045,6062,6066,6071,6082,6085,6200,6203,6262,6268,6270,6275,6279,6281,6300,6306,6309,6328,6332,6341,6368,6370,6378,6386,6390,6396,6419,6421,6429,6436,6440,6443,6494,6497,6548,6551,6553,6557,6564,6568,6575,6579,6587,6591,6594,6616,6618,6668,6670,6697],[10,5038,5034],{"id":5039},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5041,5042,5044,5045,103],{},[15,5043,4939],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[398,5046,5047],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5049,5050],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[33,5052,5053,5056,5059,5062,5065],{},[36,5054,5055],{},"lists",[36,5057,5058],{},"tuples",[36,5060,5061],{},"sets",[36,5063,5064],{},"strings",[36,5066,5067],{},"generator expressions",[20,5069,5070,5071,2617,5073,5075],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5072,3350],{},[15,5074,3424],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[57,5077,5079],{"className":59,"code":5078,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5080,5081,5101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5082,5083,5085,5087,5089,5091,5093,5095,5097,5099],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5084,3573],{"class":72},[66,5086,77],{"class":76},[66,5088,3370],{"class":102},[66,5090,1852],{"class":478},[66,5092,121],{"class":102},[66,5094,3589],{"class":80},[66,5096,121],{"class":102},[66,5098,4357],{"class":478},[66,5100,3383],{"class":102},[66,5102,5103,5105,5107,5110,5112,5115,5118],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5104,138],{"class":137},[66,5106,110],{"class":102},[66,5108,5109],{"class":137},"any",[66,5111,110],{"class":102},[66,5113,5114],{"class":106},"values",[66,5116,5117],{"class":102},"))",[66,5119,3414],{"class":3413},[20,5121,160,5122,5125,5126,5128],{},[15,5123,5124],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5127,3350],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[52,5130,5132],{"id":5131},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5134,5135,5137],{},[15,5136,4939],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5139,5140],{},"It returns:",[33,5142,5143,5148,5153],{},[36,5144,5145,5147],{},[15,5146,3350],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[36,5149,5150,5152],{},[15,5151,3424],{}," if all items are falsy",[36,5154,5155,5157],{},[15,5156,3424],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5159,5160],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[33,5162,5163,5166,5169],{},[36,5164,5165],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[36,5167,5168],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[36,5170,5171],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5173,5174,5175,5178,5179,103],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[398,5176,5177],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[200,5180,5182],{"href":5181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5183,3324],{},[52,5185,207],{"id":206},[20,5187,5188],{},"The syntax is simple:",[57,5190,5192],{"className":59,"code":5191,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5193,5194],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5195,5196,5198,5200,5202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5197,5109],{"class":137},[66,5199,110],{"class":102},[66,5201,3470],{"class":106},[66,5203,131],{"class":102},[20,5205,5206,5207,103],{},"The argument must be an ",[398,5208,3470],{},[20,5210,5211],{},"Common inputs include:",[33,5213,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222],{},[36,5215,5055],{},[36,5217,5058],{},[36,5219,5061],{},[36,5221,5064],{},[36,5223,5067],{},[20,5225,5226],{},"For example:",[57,5228,5230],{"className":59,"code":5229,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5231,5232,5254,5273,5293],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5233,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5235,138],{"class":137},[66,5237,110],{"class":102},[66,5239,5109],{"class":137},[66,5241,2726],{"class":102},[66,5243,1852],{"class":478},[66,5245,121],{"class":102},[66,5247,3584],{"class":478},[66,5249,121],{"class":102},[66,5251,479],{"class":478},[66,5253,2740],{"class":102},[66,5255,5256,5258,5260,5262,5265,5267,5269,5271],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5257,138],{"class":137},[66,5259,110],{"class":102},[66,5261,5109],{"class":137},[66,5263,5264],{"class":102},"((",[66,5266,3424],{"class":3602},[66,5268,121],{"class":102},[66,5270,3659],{"class":3602},[66,5272,2652],{"class":102},[66,5274,5275,5277,5279,5281,5284,5286,5288,5290],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,5276,138],{"class":137},[66,5278,110],{"class":102},[66,5280,5109],{"class":137},[66,5282,5283],{"class":102},"({",[66,5285,1852],{"class":478},[66,5287,121],{"class":102},[66,5289,561],{"class":478},[66,5291,5292],{"class":102},"}))\n",[66,5294,5295,5297,5299,5301,5303,5305,5307,5309],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,5296,138],{"class":137},[66,5298,110],{"class":102},[66,5300,5109],{"class":137},[66,5302,110],{"class":102},[66,5304,113],{"class":80},[66,5306,939],{"class":84},[66,5308,113],{"class":80},[66,5310,1330],{"class":102},[20,5312,5313],{},"Expected output:",[57,5315,5317],{"className":59,"code":5316,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5318,5319,5323,5327,5331],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5320,5321],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5322,3732],{"class":3602},[66,5324,5325],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5326,3793],{"class":3602},[66,5328,5329],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,5330,3732],{"class":3602},[66,5332,5333],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,5334,3732],{"class":3602},[20,5336,5337,5338,103],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[200,5339,4891],{"href":5340},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[52,5342,3479],{"id":3478},[20,5344,3482,5345,2617,5348,3487],{},[398,5346,5347],{},"truthy",[398,5349,5350],{},"falsy",[33,5352,5353,5359],{},[36,5354,5355,3495,5357],{},[398,5356,3494],{},[15,5358,3350],{},[36,5360,5361,3495,5363],{},[398,5362,3502],{},[15,5364,3424],{},[20,5366,3507],{},[33,5368,5369,5373,5377,5381,5385,5389,5393,5397],{},[36,5370,5371],{},[15,5372,3424],{},[36,5374,5375],{},[15,5376,1852],{},[36,5378,5379],{},[15,5380,3518],{},[36,5382,5383],{},[15,5384,3523],{},[36,5386,5387],{},[15,5388,3537],{},[36,5390,5391],{},[15,5392,3542],{},[36,5394,5395],{},[15,5396,3547],{},[36,5398,5399],{},[15,5400,3528],{},[20,5402,3550],{},[20,5404,5405],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[57,5407,5409],{"className":59,"code":5408,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5410,5411,5425,5443],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5412,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5414,138],{"class":137},[66,5416,110],{"class":102},[66,5418,5109],{"class":137},[66,5420,2726],{"class":102},[66,5422,2729],{"class":478},[66,5424,2740],{"class":102},[66,5426,5427,5429,5431,5433,5435,5437,5439,5441],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5428,138],{"class":137},[66,5430,110],{"class":102},[66,5432,5109],{"class":137},[66,5434,2726],{"class":102},[66,5436,3044],{"class":80},[66,5438,939],{"class":84},[66,5440,3044],{"class":80},[66,5442,2740],{"class":102},[66,5444,5445,5447,5449,5451,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462,5464],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,5446,138],{"class":137},[66,5448,110],{"class":102},[66,5450,5109],{"class":137},[66,5452,5453],{"class":102},"([[",[66,5455,2729],{"class":478},[66,5457,121],{"class":102},[66,5459,561],{"class":478},[66,5461,121],{"class":102},[66,5463,2186],{"class":478},[66,5465,5466],{"class":102},"]]))\n",[20,5468,5313],{},[57,5470,5472],{"className":59,"code":5471,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5473,5474,5478,5482],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5475,5476],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5477,3732],{"class":3602},[66,5479,5480],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5481,3732],{"class":3602},[66,5483,5484],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,5485,3732],{"class":3602},[20,5487,5488],{},"And these are all falsy:",[57,5490,5492],{"className":59,"code":5491,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5493,5494],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5495,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512,5514],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5497,138],{"class":137},[66,5499,110],{"class":102},[66,5501,5109],{"class":137},[66,5503,2726],{"class":102},[66,5505,1852],{"class":478},[66,5507,121],{"class":102},[66,5509,3589],{"class":80},[66,5511,121],{"class":102},[66,5513,3603],{"class":3602},[66,5515,2740],{"class":102},[20,5517,5313],{},[57,5519,5520],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5521,5522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5523,5524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5525,3793],{"class":3602},[20,5527,5528,5529,798,5532,103],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[200,5530,3557],{"href":5531},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[200,5533,5535,5537],{"href":5534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5536,3563],{}," explained",[52,5539,283],{"id":282},[20,5541,5542],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[57,5544,5546],{"className":59,"code":5545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5547,5548,5568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5549,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5551,3573],{"class":72},[66,5553,77],{"class":76},[66,5555,3370],{"class":102},[66,5557,1852],{"class":478},[66,5559,121],{"class":102},[66,5561,3589],{"class":80},[66,5563,121],{"class":102},[66,5565,4357],{"class":478},[66,5567,3383],{"class":102},[66,5569,5570,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5571,138],{"class":137},[66,5573,110],{"class":102},[66,5575,5109],{"class":137},[66,5577,110],{"class":102},[66,5579,5114],{"class":106},[66,5581,1330],{"class":102},[20,5583,148],{},[57,5585,5586],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5587,5588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5589,5590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5591,3732],{"class":3602},[20,5593,4194],{},[33,5595,5596,5601,5605],{},[36,5597,5598,5600],{},[15,5599,1852],{}," is falsy",[36,5602,5603,5600],{},[15,5604,3523],{},[36,5606,5607,5609],{},[15,5608,1869],{}," is truthy",[20,5611,5612,5613,2131,5616,103],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5614,5615],{},"any(values)",[15,5617,3350],{},[20,5619,5620],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[57,5622,5624],{"className":59,"code":5623,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5625,5626,5650],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5627,5628,5630,5632,5634,5636,5638,5640,5642,5644,5646,5648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5629,3573],{"class":72},[66,5631,77],{"class":76},[66,5633,3370],{"class":102},[66,5635,1852],{"class":478},[66,5637,121],{"class":102},[66,5639,3589],{"class":80},[66,5641,121],{"class":102},[66,5643,3603],{"class":3602},[66,5645,121],{"class":102},[66,5647,3659],{"class":3602},[66,5649,3383],{"class":102},[66,5651,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5653,138],{"class":137},[66,5655,110],{"class":102},[66,5657,5109],{"class":137},[66,5659,110],{"class":102},[66,5661,5114],{"class":106},[66,5663,1330],{"class":102},[20,5665,148],{},[57,5667,5668],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5669,5670],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5671,5672],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5673,3793],{"class":3602},[20,5675,5676,5677,103],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5678,3424],{},[52,5680,5682],{"id":5681},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5684,5685,5687,5688,103],{},[15,5686,4939],{}," is often used with a ",[398,5689,5690],{},"generator expression",[20,5692,5693],{},"This is a common pattern:",[57,5695,5697],{"className":59,"code":5696,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5698,5699],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5700,5701,5703,5705,5708,5711,5714,5716,5719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5702,5109],{"class":137},[66,5704,110],{"class":102},[66,5706,5707],{"class":106},"condition ",[66,5709,5710],{"class":3627},"for",[66,5712,5713],{"class":106}," item ",[66,5715,3634],{"class":3627},[66,5717,5718],{"class":106}," items",[66,5720,131],{"class":102},[20,5722,5723],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5725,5726],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[57,5728,5730],{"className":59,"code":5729,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5731,5732,5760,5764,5791],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5733,5734,5736,5738,5740,5742,5744,5747,5749,5751,5753,5755,5758],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5735,3365],{"class":72},[66,5737,77],{"class":76},[66,5739,3370],{"class":102},[66,5741,2241],{"class":478},[66,5743,121],{"class":102},[66,5745,5746],{"class":478}," 7",[66,5748,121],{"class":102},[66,5750,1956],{"class":76},[66,5752,1788],{"class":478},[66,5754,121],{"class":102},[66,5756,5757],{"class":478}," 10",[66,5759,3383],{"class":102},[66,5761,5762],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5763,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,5765,5766,5768,5770,5773,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783,5785,5787,5789],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,5767,447],{"class":72},[66,5769,77],{"class":76},[66,5771,5772],{"class":137}," any",[66,5774,110],{"class":102},[66,5776,2766],{"class":106},[66,5778,3033],{"class":76},[66,5780,3584],{"class":478},[66,5782,3628],{"class":3627},[66,5784,3631],{"class":106},[66,5786,3634],{"class":3627},[66,5788,4016],{"class":106},[66,5790,131],{"class":102},[66,5792,5793,5795,5797,5799],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,5794,138],{"class":137},[66,5796,110],{"class":102},[66,5798,494],{"class":106},[66,5800,131],{"class":102},[20,5802,148],{},[57,5804,5805],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5806,5807],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5808,5809],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5810,3732],{"class":3602},[20,5812,5813,5814,5817],{},"This works because ",[15,5815,5816],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[33,5819,5820,5828,5835],{},[36,5821,5822,5825,5826],{},[15,5823,5824],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5827,3424],{},[36,5829,5830,5825,5833],{},[15,5831,5832],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5834,3424],{},[36,5836,5837,5825,5840],{},[15,5838,5839],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5841,3350],{},[20,5843,5844,5845,5847,5848,5850,5851,103],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5846,3350],{}," result, ",[15,5849,4939],{}," can return ",[15,5852,3350],{},[20,5854,5855],{},"Here is another example:",[57,5857,5859],{"className":59,"code":5858,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5860,5861,5889,5893,5923],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5862,5863,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5864,3823],{"class":72},[66,5866,77],{"class":76},[66,5868,3370],{"class":102},[66,5870,113],{"class":80},[66,5872,3832],{"class":84},[66,5874,113],{"class":80},[66,5876,121],{"class":102},[66,5878,733],{"class":80},[66,5880,121],{"class":102},[66,5882,81],{"class":80},[66,5884,627],{"class":84},[66,5886,113],{"class":80},[66,5888,3383],{"class":102},[66,5890,5891],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,5892,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,5894,5895,5898,5900,5902,5904,5907,5909,5911,5913,5916,5918,5921],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,5896,5897],{"class":72},"has_empty_string ",[66,5899,77],{"class":76},[66,5901,5772],{"class":137},[66,5903,110],{"class":102},[66,5905,5906],{"class":106},"word ",[66,5908,4441],{"class":76},[66,5910,733],{"class":80},[66,5912,3628],{"class":3627},[66,5914,5915],{"class":106}," word ",[66,5917,3634],{"class":3627},[66,5919,5920],{"class":106}," words",[66,5922,131],{"class":102},[66,5924,5925,5927,5929,5932],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,5926,138],{"class":137},[66,5928,110],{"class":102},[66,5930,5931],{"class":106},"has_empty_string",[66,5933,131],{"class":102},[20,5935,148],{},[57,5937,5938],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5939,5940],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5941,5942],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5943,3732],{"class":3602},[20,5945,5946,5947,103],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[200,5948,5950],{"href":5949},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[52,5952,5954],{"id":5953},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5956,5957,5958,1111],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5959,3424],{},[57,5961,5963],{"className":59,"code":5962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5964,5965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5966,5967,5969,5971,5973],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5968,138],{"class":137},[66,5970,110],{"class":102},[66,5972,5109],{"class":137},[66,5974,4181],{"class":102},[20,5976,148],{},[57,5978,5979],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5980,5981],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5982,5983],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5984,3793],{"class":3602},[20,5986,5987],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5989,5990,5991,5993],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5992,4939],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5995,5996],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[57,5998,6000],{"className":59,"code":5999,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6001,6002,6012,6027],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6003,6004,6006,6008,6010],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6005,138],{"class":137},[66,6007,110],{"class":102},[66,6009,5109],{"class":137},[66,6011,4239],{"class":102},[66,6013,6014,6016,6018,6020,6022,6025],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6015,138],{"class":137},[66,6017,110],{"class":102},[66,6019,5109],{"class":137},[66,6021,110],{"class":102},[66,6023,6024],{"class":80},"\"\"",[66,6026,1330],{"class":102},[66,6028,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6040],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,6030,138],{"class":137},[66,6032,110],{"class":102},[66,6034,5109],{"class":137},[66,6036,110],{"class":102},[66,6038,6039],{"class":2641},"set",[66,6041,6042],{"class":102},"()))\n",[20,6044,148],{},[57,6046,6048],{"className":59,"code":6047,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6049,6050,6054,6058],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6051,6052],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6053,3793],{"class":3602},[66,6055,6056],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6057,3793],{"class":3602},[66,6059,6060],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,6061,3793],{"class":3602},[52,6063,6065],{"id":6064},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6067,160,6068,6070],{},[15,6069,4939],{}," when you want to:",[33,6072,6073,6076,6079],{},[36,6074,6075],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[36,6077,6078],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[36,6080,6081],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6083,6084],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[57,6086,6088],{"className":59,"code":6087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6089,6090,6115,6119,6129,6133,6147,6166,6177,6183,6188],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6091,6092,6094,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6113],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6093,3365],{"class":72},[66,6095,77],{"class":76},[66,6097,3370],{"class":102},[66,6099,2729],{"class":478},[66,6101,121],{"class":102},[66,6103,2186],{"class":478},[66,6105,121],{"class":102},[66,6107,4357],{"class":478},[66,6109,121],{"class":102},[66,6111,6112],{"class":478}," 8",[66,6114,3383],{"class":102},[66,6116,6117],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6118,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,6120,6121,6124,6126],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,6122,6123],{"class":72},"found_even ",[66,6125,77],{"class":76},[66,6127,6128],{"class":3602}," False\n",[66,6130,6131],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,6132,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,6134,6135,6137,6140,6142,6144],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,6136,5710],{"class":3627},[66,6138,6139],{"class":72}," number ",[66,6141,3634],{"class":3627},[66,6143,4016],{"class":72},[66,6145,6146],{"class":102},":\n",[66,6148,6149,6152,6154,6157,6159,6162,6164],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,6150,6151],{"class":3627},"    if",[66,6153,6139],{"class":72},[66,6155,6156],{"class":76},"%",[66,6158,561],{"class":478},[66,6160,6161],{"class":76}," ==",[66,6163,3584],{"class":478},[66,6165,6146],{"class":102},[66,6167,6169,6172,6174],{"class":68,"line":6168},7,[66,6170,6171],{"class":72},"        found_even ",[66,6173,77],{"class":76},[66,6175,6176],{"class":3602}," True\n",[66,6178,6180],{"class":68,"line":6179},8,[66,6181,6182],{"class":3627},"        break\n",[66,6184,6186],{"class":68,"line":6185},9,[66,6187,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,6189,6191,6193,6195,6198],{"class":68,"line":6190},10,[66,6192,138],{"class":137},[66,6194,110],{"class":102},[66,6196,6197],{"class":106},"found_even",[66,6199,131],{"class":102},[20,6201,6202],{},"You can write:",[57,6204,6206],{"className":59,"code":6205,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6207,6208,6232],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6209,6210,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6211,3365],{"class":72},[66,6213,77],{"class":76},[66,6215,3370],{"class":102},[66,6217,2729],{"class":478},[66,6219,121],{"class":102},[66,6221,2186],{"class":478},[66,6223,121],{"class":102},[66,6225,4357],{"class":478},[66,6227,121],{"class":102},[66,6229,6112],{"class":478},[66,6231,3383],{"class":102},[66,6233,6234,6236,6238,6240,6242,6244,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6235,138],{"class":137},[66,6237,110],{"class":102},[66,6239,5109],{"class":137},[66,6241,110],{"class":102},[66,6243,1951],{"class":106},[66,6245,6156],{"class":76},[66,6247,561],{"class":478},[66,6249,6161],{"class":76},[66,6251,3584],{"class":478},[66,6253,3628],{"class":3627},[66,6255,6139],{"class":106},[66,6257,3634],{"class":3627},[66,6259,4016],{"class":106},[66,6261,1330],{"class":102},[20,6263,6264,6265,6267],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6266,4939],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[52,6269,1105],{"id":1104},[20,6271,6272,6273,103],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6274,4939],{},[258,6276,6278],{"id":6277},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6280,4277],{},[57,6282,6284],{"className":59,"code":6283,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6285,6286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6287,6288,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6289,138],{"class":137},[66,6291,110],{"class":102},[66,6293,5109],{"class":137},[66,6295,110],{"class":102},[66,6297,1869],{"class":478},[66,6299,1330],{"class":102},[20,6301,6302,6303,6305],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6304,1869],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6307,6308],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[57,6310,6312],{"className":59,"code":6311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6313,6314],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6315,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6317,138],{"class":137},[66,6319,110],{"class":102},[66,6321,5109],{"class":137},[66,6323,2726],{"class":102},[66,6325,1869],{"class":478},[66,6327,2740],{"class":102},[258,6329,6331],{"id":6330},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6333,6334,6336,6337,6340],{},[15,6335,4939],{}," needs only ",[398,6338,6339],{},"one"," truthy item.",[57,6342,6344],{"className":59,"code":6343,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6345,6346],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6347,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6349,138],{"class":137},[66,6351,110],{"class":102},[66,6353,5109],{"class":137},[66,6355,2726],{"class":102},[66,6357,3424],{"class":3602},[66,6359,121],{"class":102},[66,6361,3659],{"class":3602},[66,6363,121],{"class":102},[66,6365,3668],{"class":3602},[66,6367,2740],{"class":102},[20,6369,148],{},[57,6371,6372],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6373,6374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6375,6376],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6377,3732],{"class":3602},[20,6379,6380,6381,6385],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[200,6382,6383],{"href":5181},[15,6384,3324],{}," instead.",[258,6387,6389],{"id":6388},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6391,6392,6393,103],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6394,6395],{},"\"True\"",[57,6397,6399],{"className":59,"code":6398,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6400,6401],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6402,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6404,138],{"class":137},[66,6406,110],{"class":102},[66,6408,5109],{"class":137},[66,6410,2726],{"class":102},[66,6412,113],{"class":80},[66,6414,3424],{"class":84},[66,6416,113],{"class":80},[66,6418,2740],{"class":102},[20,6420,148],{},[57,6422,6423],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6424,6425],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6426,6427],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6428,3732],{"class":3602},[20,6430,6431,6432,6435],{},"That is because ",[15,6433,6434],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[258,6437,6439],{"id":6438},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6441,6442],{},"This works:",[57,6444,6446],{"className":59,"code":6445,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6447,6448,6468],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6449,6450,6452,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464,6466],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6451,3365],{"class":72},[66,6453,77],{"class":76},[66,6455,3370],{"class":102},[66,6457,2729],{"class":478},[66,6459,121],{"class":102},[66,6461,561],{"class":478},[66,6463,121],{"class":102},[66,6465,2186],{"class":478},[66,6467,3383],{"class":102},[66,6469,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6471,138],{"class":137},[66,6473,110],{"class":102},[66,6475,5109],{"class":137},[66,6477,2726],{"class":102},[66,6479,2766],{"class":106},[66,6481,4005],{"class":76},[66,6483,561],{"class":478},[66,6485,3628],{"class":3627},[66,6487,3631],{"class":106},[66,6489,3634],{"class":3627},[66,6491,4016],{"class":106},[66,6493,2740],{"class":102},[20,6495,6496],{},"But this is usually better:",[57,6498,6500],{"className":59,"code":6499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6501,6502,6522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6503,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516,6518,6520],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6505,3365],{"class":72},[66,6507,77],{"class":76},[66,6509,3370],{"class":102},[66,6511,2729],{"class":478},[66,6513,121],{"class":102},[66,6515,561],{"class":478},[66,6517,121],{"class":102},[66,6519,2186],{"class":478},[66,6521,3383],{"class":102},[66,6523,6524,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6525,138],{"class":137},[66,6527,110],{"class":102},[66,6529,5109],{"class":137},[66,6531,110],{"class":102},[66,6533,2766],{"class":106},[66,6535,4005],{"class":76},[66,6537,561],{"class":478},[66,6539,3628],{"class":3627},[66,6541,3631],{"class":106},[66,6543,3634],{"class":3627},[66,6545,4016],{"class":106},[66,6547,1330],{"class":102},[20,6549,6550],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[52,6552,1518],{"id":1517},[258,6554,6556],{"id":6555},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6558,4903,6559,6561,6562,103],{},[15,6560,3350],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6563,3424],{},[258,6565,6567],{"id":6566},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6569,6570,2131,6572,6574],{},[15,6571,4939],{},[15,6573,3424],{}," for an empty iterable.",[258,6576,6578],{"id":6577},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6580,6581,6583,6584,6586],{},[15,6582,4939],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6585,3324],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[258,6588,6590],{"id":6589},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6592,6593],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[57,6595,6596],{"className":59,"code":5696,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6597,6598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6599,6600,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6601,5109],{"class":137},[66,6603,110],{"class":102},[66,6605,5707],{"class":106},[66,6607,5710],{"class":3627},[66,6609,5713],{"class":106},[66,6611,3634],{"class":3627},[66,6613,5718],{"class":106},[66,6615,131],{"class":102},[20,6617,5226],{},[57,6619,6620],{"className":59,"code":6499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6621,6622,6642],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6623,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6625,3365],{"class":72},[66,6627,77],{"class":76},[66,6629,3370],{"class":102},[66,6631,2729],{"class":478},[66,6633,121],{"class":102},[66,6635,561],{"class":478},[66,6637,121],{"class":102},[66,6639,2186],{"class":478},[66,6641,3383],{"class":102},[66,6643,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6645,138],{"class":137},[66,6647,110],{"class":102},[66,6649,5109],{"class":137},[66,6651,110],{"class":102},[66,6653,2766],{"class":106},[66,6655,4005],{"class":76},[66,6657,561],{"class":478},[66,6659,3628],{"class":3627},[66,6661,3631],{"class":106},[66,6663,3634],{"class":3627},[66,6665,4016],{"class":106},[66,6667,1330],{"class":102},[52,6669,1620],{"id":1619},[33,6671,6672,6678,6682,6686,6691],{},[36,6673,6674],{},[200,6675,6676,3254],{"href":5181},[15,6677,3324],{},[36,6679,6680],{},[200,6681,3557],{"href":5531},[36,6683,6684],{},[200,6685,4971],{"href":5340},[36,6687,6688],{},[200,6689,6690],{"href":5949},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,6692,6693],{},[200,6694,6695,3254],{"href":5534},[15,6696,3563],{},[1651,6698,6699],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":6701},[6702,6703,6704,6705,6706,6707,6708,6709,6715,6721],{"id":5131,"depth":91,"text":5132},{"id":206,"depth":91,"text":207},{"id":3478,"depth":91,"text":3479},{"id":282,"depth":91,"text":283},{"id":5681,"depth":91,"text":5682},{"id":5953,"depth":91,"text":5954},{"id":6064,"depth":91,"text":6065},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":6710},[6711,6712,6713,6714],{"id":6277,"depth":134,"text":6278},{"id":6330,"depth":134,"text":6331},{"id":6388,"depth":134,"text":6389},{"id":6438,"depth":134,"text":6439},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":6716},[6717,6718,6719,6720],{"id":6555,"depth":134,"text":6556},{"id":6566,"depth":134,"text":6567},{"id":6577,"depth":134,"text":6578},{"id":6589,"depth":134,"text":6590},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5034,"description":6722},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6728,"title":6729,"body":6730,"description":8864,"extension":1694,"meta":8865,"navigation":338,"path":8866,"seo":8867,"stem":8868,"__hash__":8869},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6731,"toc":8827},[6732,6735,6744,6754,6756,6853,6855,6884,6900,6904,6909,6912,6922,6928,6934,6950,6952,6960,6967,6971,6974,6989,6994,7012,7017,7019,7066,7068,7085,7089,7095,7098,7133,7135,7241,7243,7280,7284,7292,7294,7314,7316,7437,7439,7468,7471,7494,7496,7504,7512,7516,7522,7526,7569,7571,7579,7582,7610,7612,7620,7624,7653,7655,7663,7695,7697,7705,7709,7760,7762,7770,7778,7782,7785,7838,7840,7861,7868,7872,7878,7881,7889,7911,7913,7921,7929,7952,7954,7962,7967,7972,7984,7986,8027,8038,8042,8051,8054,8057,8116,8119,8171,8174,8180,8196,8202,8204,8209,8217,8220,8242,8244,8252,8257,8260,8295,8297,8305,8309,8314,8352,8364,8367,8422,8430,8434,8437,8459,8468,8471,8512,8514,8537,8543,8549,8564,8566,8586,8589,8608,8610,8629,8633,8639,8718,8721,8735,8742,8744,8748,8755,8759,8763,8767,8772,8776,8781,8785,8792,8794,8824],[10,6733,6729],{"id":6734},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6736,1711,6737,6739,6740,2617,6742,103],{},[15,6738,3563],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6741,3350],{},[15,6743,3424],{},[20,6745,6746,6747,6749,6750,6753],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6748,3563],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6751,6752],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[52,6755,3355],{"id":3354},[57,6757,6759],{"className":59,"code":6758,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6760,6761,6775,6789,6803,6821,6831],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6762,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6764,138],{"class":137},[66,6766,110],{"class":102},[66,6768,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6770,110],{"class":102},[66,6772,1852],{"class":478},[66,6774,1330],{"class":102},[66,6776,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6778,138],{"class":137},[66,6780,110],{"class":102},[66,6782,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6784,110],{"class":102},[66,6786,2729],{"class":478},[66,6788,1330],{"class":102},[66,6790,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,6792,138],{"class":137},[66,6794,110],{"class":102},[66,6796,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6798,110],{"class":102},[66,6800,6024],{"class":80},[66,6802,1330],{"class":102},[66,6804,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,6806,138],{"class":137},[66,6808,110],{"class":102},[66,6810,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6812,110],{"class":102},[66,6814,113],{"class":80},[66,6816,939],{"class":84},[66,6818,113],{"class":80},[66,6820,1330],{"class":102},[66,6822,6823,6825,6827,6829],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,6824,138],{"class":137},[66,6826,110],{"class":102},[66,6828,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6830,4181],{"class":102},[66,6832,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,6834,138],{"class":137},[66,6836,110],{"class":102},[66,6838,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6840,2726],{"class":102},[66,6842,2729],{"class":478},[66,6844,121],{"class":102},[66,6846,561],{"class":478},[66,6848,121],{"class":102},[66,6850,2186],{"class":478},[66,6852,2740],{"class":102},[20,6854,5313],{},[57,6856,6858],{"className":59,"code":6857,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6859,6860,6864,6868,6872,6876,6880],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6861,6862],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6863,3793],{"class":3602},[66,6865,6866],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,6867,3732],{"class":3602},[66,6869,6870],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,6871,3793],{"class":3602},[66,6873,6874],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,6875,3732],{"class":3602},[66,6877,6878],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,6879,3793],{"class":3602},[66,6881,6882],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,6883,3732],{"class":3602},[20,6885,160,6886,6889,6890,2617,6892,6894,6895,6897,6898,103],{},[15,6887,6888],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6891,3350],{},[15,6893,3424],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6896,3424],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6899,3350],{},[52,6901,6903],{"id":6902},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6905,6906,6908],{},[15,6907,3563],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6910,6911],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[33,6913,6914,6918],{},[36,6915,6916],{},[15,6917,3350],{},[36,6919,6920],{},[15,6921,3424],{},[20,6923,6924,6925,6927],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6926,6752],{}," statements.",[20,6929,6930,6931,6933],{},"You can also call ",[15,6932,3563],{}," with no argument:",[57,6935,6937],{"className":59,"code":6936,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool())\n",[15,6938,6939],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6940,6941,6943,6945,6947],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6942,138],{"class":137},[66,6944,110],{"class":102},[66,6946,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6948,6949],{"class":102},"())\n",[20,6951,148],{},[57,6953,6954],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6955,6956],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6957,6958],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6959,3793],{"class":3602},[20,6961,6962,6963,103],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[200,6964,6966],{"href":6965},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[52,6968,6970],{"id":6969},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6972,6973],{},"The basic syntax is:",[57,6975,6977],{"className":59,"code":6976,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bool(value)\n",[15,6978,6979],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6980,6981,6983,6985,6987],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6982,3618],{"class":2641},[66,6984,110],{"class":102},[66,6986,2208],{"class":106},[66,6988,131],{"class":102},[20,6990,1711,6991,6993],{},[15,6992,2208],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[33,6995,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7007,7009],{},[36,6997,3397],{},[36,6999,5064],{},[36,7001,5055],{},[36,7003,5058],{},[36,7005,7006],{},"dictionaries",[36,7008,5061],{},[36,7010,7011],{},"other objects",[20,7013,7014,7015,103],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7016,3424],{},[20,7018,923],{},[57,7020,7022],{"className":59,"code":7021,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7023,7024,7038,7056],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7025,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7027,138],{"class":137},[66,7029,110],{"class":102},[66,7031,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7033,110],{"class":102},[66,7035,2064],{"class":478},[66,7037,1330],{"class":102},[66,7039,7040,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7041,138],{"class":137},[66,7043,110],{"class":102},[66,7045,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7047,110],{"class":102},[66,7049,113],{"class":80},[66,7051,1047],{"class":84},[66,7053,113],{"class":80},[66,7055,1330],{"class":102},[66,7057,7058,7060,7062,7064],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7059,138],{"class":137},[66,7061,110],{"class":102},[66,7063,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7065,6949],{"class":102},[20,7067,148],{},[57,7069,7071],{"className":59,"code":7070,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7072,7073,7077,7081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7074,7075],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7076,3732],{"class":3602},[66,7078,7079],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7080,3732],{"class":3602},[66,7082,7083],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7084,3793],{"class":3602},[52,7086,7088],{"id":7087},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7090,7091,7092,7094],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[398,7093,5350],{}," values.",[20,7096,7097],{},"Common examples:",[33,7099,7100,7104,7108,7112,7116,7121,7125,7129],{},[36,7101,7102],{},[15,7103,1852],{},[36,7105,7106],{},[15,7107,3518],{},[36,7109,7110],{},[15,7111,6024],{},[36,7113,7114],{},[15,7115,3537],{},[36,7117,7118],{},[15,7119,7120],{},"()",[36,7122,7123],{},[15,7124,3542],{},[36,7126,7127],{},[15,7128,3547],{},[36,7130,7131],{},[15,7132,3528],{},[20,7134,923],{},[57,7136,7138],{"className":59,"code":7137,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7139,7140,7154,7168,7182,7192,7202,7213,7227],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7141,7142,7144,7146,7148,7150,7152],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7143,138],{"class":137},[66,7145,110],{"class":102},[66,7147,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7149,110],{"class":102},[66,7151,1852],{"class":478},[66,7153,1330],{"class":102},[66,7155,7156,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7157,138],{"class":137},[66,7159,110],{"class":102},[66,7161,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7163,110],{"class":102},[66,7165,3518],{"class":478},[66,7167,1330],{"class":102},[66,7169,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7171,138],{"class":137},[66,7173,110],{"class":102},[66,7175,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7177,110],{"class":102},[66,7179,6024],{"class":80},[66,7181,1330],{"class":102},[66,7183,7184,7186,7188,7190],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,7185,138],{"class":137},[66,7187,110],{"class":102},[66,7189,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7191,4181],{"class":102},[66,7193,7194,7196,7198,7200],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,7195,138],{"class":137},[66,7197,110],{"class":102},[66,7199,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7201,4239],{"class":102},[66,7203,7204,7206,7208,7210],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,7205,138],{"class":137},[66,7207,110],{"class":102},[66,7209,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7211,7212],{"class":102},"({}))\n",[66,7214,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,7216,138],{"class":137},[66,7218,110],{"class":102},[66,7220,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7222,110],{"class":102},[66,7224,6039],{"class":2641},[66,7226,6042],{"class":102},[66,7228,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,7230,138],{"class":137},[66,7232,110],{"class":102},[66,7234,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7236,110],{"class":102},[66,7238,3528],{"class":3602},[66,7240,1330],{"class":102},[20,7242,148],{},[57,7244,7246],{"className":59,"code":7245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7247,7248,7252,7256,7260,7264,7268,7272,7276],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7249,7250],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7251,3793],{"class":3602},[66,7253,7254],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7255,3793],{"class":3602},[66,7257,7258],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7259,3793],{"class":3602},[66,7261,7262],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,7263,3793],{"class":3602},[66,7265,7266],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,7267,3793],{"class":3602},[66,7269,7270],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,7271,3793],{"class":3602},[66,7273,7274],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,7275,3793],{"class":3602},[66,7277,7278],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,7279,3793],{"class":3602},[52,7281,7283],{"id":7282},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7285,7286,7287,7289,7290,7094],{},"Many values become ",[15,7288,3350],{},". These are often called ",[398,7291,5347],{},[20,7293,7097],{},[33,7295,7296,7299,7302,7305,7308,7311],{},[36,7297,7298],{},"non-zero numbers",[36,7300,7301],{},"non-empty strings",[36,7303,7304],{},"non-empty lists",[36,7306,7307],{},"non-empty tuples",[36,7309,7310],{},"non-empty sets",[36,7312,7313],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7315,923],{},[57,7317,7319],{"className":59,"code":7318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7320,7321,7335,7351,7369,7391,7409],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7322,7323,7325,7327,7329,7331,7333],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7324,138],{"class":137},[66,7326,110],{"class":102},[66,7328,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7330,110],{"class":102},[66,7332,1869],{"class":478},[66,7334,1330],{"class":102},[66,7336,7337,7339,7341,7343,7345,7347,7349],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7338,138],{"class":137},[66,7340,110],{"class":102},[66,7342,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7344,110],{"class":102},[66,7346,1753],{"class":76},[66,7348,1788],{"class":478},[66,7350,1330],{"class":102},[66,7352,7353,7355,7357,7359,7361,7363,7365,7367],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7354,138],{"class":137},[66,7356,110],{"class":102},[66,7358,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7360,110],{"class":102},[66,7362,113],{"class":80},[66,7364,939],{"class":84},[66,7366,113],{"class":80},[66,7368,1330],{"class":102},[66,7370,7371,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385,7387,7389],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,7372,138],{"class":137},[66,7374,110],{"class":102},[66,7376,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7378,2726],{"class":102},[66,7380,2729],{"class":478},[66,7382,121],{"class":102},[66,7384,561],{"class":478},[66,7386,121],{"class":102},[66,7388,2186],{"class":478},[66,7390,2740],{"class":102},[66,7392,7393,7395,7397,7399,7401,7403,7405,7407],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,7394,138],{"class":137},[66,7396,110],{"class":102},[66,7398,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7400,5264],{"class":102},[66,7402,2729],{"class":478},[66,7404,121],{"class":102},[66,7406,561],{"class":478},[66,7408,2652],{"class":102},[66,7410,7411,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421,7424,7426,7428,7430,7433,7435],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,7412,138],{"class":137},[66,7414,110],{"class":102},[66,7416,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7418,5283],{"class":102},[66,7420,113],{"class":80},[66,7422,7423],{"class":84},"name",[66,7425,113],{"class":80},[66,7427,1111],{"class":102},[66,7429,81],{"class":80},[66,7431,7432],{"class":84},"Sam",[66,7434,113],{"class":80},[66,7436,5292],{"class":102},[20,7438,148],{},[57,7440,7442],{"className":59,"code":7441,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7443,7444,7448,7452,7456,7460,7464],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7445,7446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7447,3732],{"class":3602},[66,7449,7450],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7451,3732],{"class":3602},[66,7453,7454],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7455,3732],{"class":3602},[66,7457,7458],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,7459,3732],{"class":3602},[66,7461,7462],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,7463,3732],{"class":3602},[66,7465,7466],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,7467,3732],{"class":3602},[20,7469,7470],{},"One important example is this:",[57,7472,7474],{"className":59,"code":7473,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7475,7476],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7477,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7479,138],{"class":137},[66,7481,110],{"class":102},[66,7483,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7485,110],{"class":102},[66,7487,113],{"class":80},[66,7489,3424],{"class":84},[66,7491,113],{"class":80},[66,7493,1330],{"class":102},[20,7495,148],{},[57,7497,7498],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7499,7500],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7501,7502],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7503,3732],{"class":3602},[20,7505,7506,7507,7509,7510,103],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7508,6434],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7511,3350],{},[52,7513,7515],{"id":7514},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7517,7518,7519,7521],{},"You can use ",[15,7520,3563],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[258,7523,7525],{"id":7524},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[57,7527,7529],{"className":59,"code":7528,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7530,7531,7554],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7532,7533,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544,7547,7549,7552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7534,7535],{"class":72},"items ",[66,7537,77],{"class":76},[66,7539,3370],{"class":102},[66,7541,2064],{"class":478},[66,7543,121],{"class":102},[66,7545,7546],{"class":478}," 20",[66,7548,121],{"class":102},[66,7550,7551],{"class":478}," 30",[66,7553,3383],{"class":102},[66,7555,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564,7567],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7557,138],{"class":137},[66,7559,110],{"class":102},[66,7561,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7563,110],{"class":102},[66,7565,7566],{"class":106},"items",[66,7568,1330],{"class":102},[20,7570,148],{},[57,7572,7573],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7574,7575],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7576,7577],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7578,3732],{"class":3602},[20,7580,7581],{},"With an empty list:",[57,7583,7585],{"className":59,"code":7584,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7586,7587,7596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7588,7589,7591,7593],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7590,7535],{"class":72},[66,7592,77],{"class":76},[66,7594,7595],{"class":102}," []\n",[66,7597,7598,7600,7602,7604,7606,7608],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7599,138],{"class":137},[66,7601,110],{"class":102},[66,7603,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7605,110],{"class":102},[66,7607,7566],{"class":106},[66,7609,1330],{"class":102},[20,7611,148],{},[57,7613,7614],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7615,7616],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7617,7618],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7619,3793],{"class":3602},[258,7621,7623],{"id":7622},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[57,7625,7627],{"className":59,"code":7626,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7628,7629,7639],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7630,7631,7634,7636],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7632,7633],{"class":72},"name ",[66,7635,77],{"class":76},[66,7637,7638],{"class":80}," \"\"\n",[66,7640,7641,7643,7645,7647,7649,7651],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7642,138],{"class":137},[66,7644,110],{"class":102},[66,7646,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7648,110],{"class":102},[66,7650,7423],{"class":106},[66,7652,1330],{"class":102},[20,7654,148],{},[57,7656,7657],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7658,7659],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7660,7661],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7662,3793],{"class":3602},[57,7664,7666],{"className":59,"code":7665,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7667,7668,7681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7669,7670,7672,7674,7676,7679],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7671,7633],{"class":72},[66,7673,77],{"class":76},[66,7675,81],{"class":80},[66,7677,7678],{"class":84},"Mia",[66,7680,88],{"class":80},[66,7682,7683,7685,7687,7689,7691,7693],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7684,138],{"class":137},[66,7686,110],{"class":102},[66,7688,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7690,110],{"class":102},[66,7692,7423],{"class":106},[66,7694,1330],{"class":102},[20,7696,148],{},[57,7698,7699],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7700,7701],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7702,7703],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7704,3732],{"class":3602},[258,7706,7708],{"id":7707},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[57,7710,7712],{"className":59,"code":7711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7713,7714,7728,7745,7749],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7715,7716,7719,7721,7723,7726],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7717,7718],{"class":72},"username ",[66,7720,77],{"class":76},[66,7722,81],{"class":80},[66,7724,7725],{"class":84},"alex",[66,7727,88],{"class":80},[66,7729,7730,7733,7735,7738,7740,7743],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7731,7732],{"class":72},"has_name ",[66,7734,77],{"class":76},[66,7736,7737],{"class":2641}," bool",[66,7739,110],{"class":102},[66,7741,7742],{"class":106},"username",[66,7744,131],{"class":102},[66,7746,7747],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7748,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,7750,7751,7753,7755,7758],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,7752,138],{"class":137},[66,7754,110],{"class":102},[66,7756,7757],{"class":106},"has_name",[66,7759,131],{"class":102},[20,7761,148],{},[57,7763,7764],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7765,7766],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7767,7768],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7769,3732],{"class":3602},[20,7771,7772,7773,2617,7775,7777],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7774,3350],{},[15,7776,3424],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[258,7779,7781],{"id":7780},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7783,7784],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[57,7786,7788],{"className":59,"code":7787,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7789,7790,7810,7814,7822],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7791,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7793,3365],{"class":72},[66,7795,77],{"class":76},[66,7797,3370],{"class":102},[66,7799,2729],{"class":478},[66,7801,121],{"class":102},[66,7803,561],{"class":478},[66,7805,121],{"class":102},[66,7807,2186],{"class":478},[66,7809,3383],{"class":102},[66,7811,7812],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,7813,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,7815,7816,7818,7820],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,7817,6752],{"class":3627},[66,7819,4016],{"class":72},[66,7821,6146],{"class":102},[66,7823,7824,7827,7829,7831,7834,7836],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,7825,7826],{"class":137},"    print",[66,7828,110],{"class":102},[66,7830,113],{"class":80},[66,7832,7833],{"class":84},"The list is not empty",[66,7835,113],{"class":80},[66,7837,131],{"class":102},[20,7839,148],{},[57,7841,7843],{"className":59,"code":7842,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7844,7845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7846,7847,7849,7852,7855,7858],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7848,1711],{"class":72},[66,7850,7851],{"class":2641},"list",[66,7853,7854],{"class":76}," is",[66,7856,7857],{"class":76}," not",[66,7859,7860],{"class":72}," empty\n",[20,7862,7863,7864,103],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[200,7865,7867],{"href":7866},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[52,7869,7871],{"id":7870},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7873,7874,7875,7877],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7876,3563],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7879,7880],{},"It does not do that.",[258,7882,7884,2131,7887],{"id":7883},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7885,7886],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7888,3350],{},[57,7890,7891],{"className":59,"code":7473,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7892,7893],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7894,7895,7897,7899,7901,7903,7905,7907,7909],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7896,138],{"class":137},[66,7898,110],{"class":102},[66,7900,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7902,110],{"class":102},[66,7904,113],{"class":80},[66,7906,3424],{"class":84},[66,7908,113],{"class":80},[66,7910,1330],{"class":102},[20,7912,148],{},[57,7914,7915],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7916,7917],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7918,7919],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7920,3732],{"class":3602},[258,7922,7924,2131,7927],{"id":7923},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7925,7926],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7928,3350],{},[57,7930,7932],{"className":59,"code":7931,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7933,7934],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7935,7936,7938,7940,7942,7944,7946,7948,7950],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7937,138],{"class":137},[66,7939,110],{"class":102},[66,7941,3618],{"class":2641},[66,7943,110],{"class":102},[66,7945,113],{"class":80},[66,7947,1852],{"class":84},[66,7949,113],{"class":80},[66,7951,1330],{"class":102},[20,7953,148],{},[57,7955,7956],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7957,7958],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7959,7960],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7961,3732],{"class":3602},[20,7963,7964,7965,103],{},"This happens because both values are ",[398,7966,7301],{},[20,7968,7969,7971],{},[15,7970,3563],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7973,7974,7975,7980,7981,7983],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[200,7976,7978],{"href":7977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7979,2698],{},", because ",[15,7982,2698],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7985,923],{},[57,7987,7989],{"className":59,"code":7988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7990,7991,8012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7992,7993,7996,7998,8001,8003,8005,8008,8010],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7994,7995],{"class":72},"user_value ",[66,7997,77],{"class":76},[66,7999,8000],{"class":137}," input",[66,8002,110],{"class":102},[66,8004,113],{"class":80},[66,8006,8007],{"class":84},"Enter True or False: ",[66,8009,113],{"class":80},[66,8011,131],{"class":102},[66,8013,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022,8025],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8015,138],{"class":137},[66,8017,110],{"class":102},[66,8019,3618],{"class":2641},[66,8021,110],{"class":102},[66,8023,8024],{"class":106},"user_value",[66,8026,1330],{"class":102},[20,8028,8029,8030,8032,8033,7980,8035,8037],{},"If the user types ",[15,8031,3424],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8034,3350],{},[15,8036,6434],{}," is not empty.",[52,8039,8041],{"id":8040},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8043,8044,8045,8047,8048,8050],{},"In many ",[15,8046,6752],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8049,3563],{}," yourself.",[20,8052,8053],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8055,8056],{},"Instead of this:",[57,8058,8060],{"className":59,"code":8059,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8061,8062,8083,8087,8101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8063,8064,8067,8069,8071,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8065,8066],{"class":72},"my_list ",[66,8068,77],{"class":76},[66,8070,3370],{"class":102},[66,8072,2729],{"class":478},[66,8074,121],{"class":102},[66,8076,561],{"class":478},[66,8078,121],{"class":102},[66,8080,2186],{"class":478},[66,8082,3383],{"class":102},[66,8084,8085],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8086,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,8088,8089,8091,8093,8095,8098],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,8090,6752],{"class":3627},[66,8092,7737],{"class":2641},[66,8094,110],{"class":102},[66,8096,8097],{"class":106},"my_list",[66,8099,8100],{"class":102},"):\n",[66,8102,8103,8105,8107,8109,8112,8114],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,8104,7826],{"class":137},[66,8106,110],{"class":102},[66,8108,113],{"class":80},[66,8110,8111],{"class":84},"List has items",[66,8113,113],{"class":80},[66,8115,131],{"class":102},[20,8117,8118],{},"You can simply write:",[57,8120,8122],{"className":59,"code":8121,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8123,8124,8144,8148,8157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8125,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8127,8066],{"class":72},[66,8129,77],{"class":76},[66,8131,3370],{"class":102},[66,8133,2729],{"class":478},[66,8135,121],{"class":102},[66,8137,561],{"class":478},[66,8139,121],{"class":102},[66,8141,2186],{"class":478},[66,8143,3383],{"class":102},[66,8145,8146],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8147,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,8149,8150,8152,8155],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,8151,6752],{"class":3627},[66,8153,8154],{"class":72}," my_list",[66,8156,6146],{"class":102},[66,8158,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167,8169],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,8160,7826],{"class":137},[66,8162,110],{"class":102},[66,8164,113],{"class":80},[66,8166,8111],{"class":84},[66,8168,113],{"class":80},[66,8170,131],{"class":102},[20,8172,8173],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8175,8176,8177,8179],{},"Using ",[15,8178,3563],{}," is still helpful when:",[33,8181,8182,8185,8193],{},[36,8183,8184],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[36,8186,8187,8188,2617,8190,8192],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8189,3350],{},[15,8191,3424],{}," value",[36,8194,8195],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8197,8198,8199,103],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[200,8200,8201],{"href":2032},"Python type() function explained",[52,8203,2568],{"id":2567},[20,8205,8206,8207,103],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8208,3563],{},[258,8210,1119,8212,8214,8215],{"id":8211},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8213,7886],{}," to return ",[15,8216,3424],{},[20,8218,8219],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[57,8221,8222],{"className":59,"code":7473,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8223,8224],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8225,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8227,138],{"class":137},[66,8229,110],{"class":102},[66,8231,3618],{"class":2641},[66,8233,110],{"class":102},[66,8235,113],{"class":80},[66,8237,3424],{"class":84},[66,8239,113],{"class":80},[66,8241,1330],{"class":102},[20,8243,148],{},[57,8245,8246],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8247,8248],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8249,8250],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8251,3732],{"class":3602},[20,8253,8254,8255,6435],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8256,6434],{},[20,8258,8259],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[57,8261,8263],{"className":59,"code":8262,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8264,8265,8277],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8266,8267,8269,8271,8273,8275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8268,2181],{"class":72},[66,8270,77],{"class":76},[66,8272,81],{"class":80},[66,8274,3424],{"class":84},[66,8276,88],{"class":80},[66,8278,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291,8293],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8280,138],{"class":137},[66,8282,110],{"class":102},[66,8284,2181],{"class":106},[66,8286,4441],{"class":76},[66,8288,81],{"class":80},[66,8290,3350],{"class":84},[66,8292,113],{"class":80},[66,8294,131],{"class":102},[20,8296,148],{},[57,8298,8299],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8300,8301],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8302,8303],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8304,3793],{"class":3602},[258,8306,8308],{"id":8307},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8310,8311,8313],{},[15,8312,2698],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[57,8315,8317],{"className":59,"code":8316,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8318,8319,8338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8320,8321,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331,8334,8336],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8322,2181],{"class":72},[66,8324,77],{"class":76},[66,8326,8000],{"class":137},[66,8328,110],{"class":102},[66,8330,113],{"class":80},[66,8332,8333],{"class":84},"Enter yes or no: ",[66,8335,113],{"class":80},[66,8337,131],{"class":102},[66,8339,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8341,138],{"class":137},[66,8343,110],{"class":102},[66,8345,3618],{"class":2641},[66,8347,110],{"class":102},[66,8349,2208],{"class":106},[66,8351,1330],{"class":102},[20,8353,8029,8354,8357,8358,8360,8361,8037],{},[15,8355,8356],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8359,3350],{}," because ",[15,8362,8363],{},"\"no\"",[20,8365,8366],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[57,8368,8370],{"className":59,"code":8369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8371,8372,8403],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388,8391,8394,8397,8400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8375,2181],{"class":72},[66,8377,77],{"class":76},[66,8379,8000],{"class":137},[66,8381,110],{"class":102},[66,8383,113],{"class":80},[66,8385,8333],{"class":84},[66,8387,113],{"class":80},[66,8389,8390],{"class":102},").",[66,8392,8393],{"class":106},"strip",[66,8395,8396],{"class":102},"().",[66,8398,8399],{"class":106},"lower",[66,8401,8402],{"class":102},"()\n",[66,8404,8405,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415,8418,8420],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8406,138],{"class":137},[66,8408,110],{"class":102},[66,8410,2181],{"class":106},[66,8412,4441],{"class":76},[66,8414,81],{"class":80},[66,8416,8417],{"class":84},"yes",[66,8419,113],{"class":80},[66,8421,131],{"class":102},[20,8423,8424,8425,8427,8428,103],{},"This gives ",[15,8426,3350],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8429,8417],{},[258,8431,8433],{"id":8432},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8435,8436],{},"These are different:",[33,8438,8439,8443,8447,8451,8455],{},[36,8440,8441],{},[15,8442,3424],{},[36,8444,8445],{},[15,8446,1852],{},[36,8448,8449],{},[15,8450,6024],{},[36,8452,8453],{},[15,8454,3537],{},[36,8456,8457],{},[15,8458,3528],{},[20,8460,8461,8462,8464,8465,8467],{},"They all become ",[15,8463,3424],{}," with ",[15,8466,3563],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8469,8470],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[57,8472,8474],{"className":59,"code":8473,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8475,8476,8484,8498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8477,8478,8480,8482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8479,2181],{"class":72},[66,8481,77],{"class":76},[66,8483,7595],{"class":102},[66,8485,8486,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8487,138],{"class":137},[66,8489,110],{"class":102},[66,8491,2964],{"class":2641},[66,8493,110],{"class":102},[66,8495,2208],{"class":106},[66,8497,1330],{"class":102},[66,8499,8500,8502,8504,8506,8508,8510],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,8501,138],{"class":137},[66,8503,110],{"class":102},[66,8505,3618],{"class":2641},[66,8507,110],{"class":102},[66,8509,2208],{"class":106},[66,8511,1330],{"class":102},[20,8513,148],{},[57,8515,8517],{"className":59,"code":8516,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8518,8519,8533],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8520,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529,8531],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8522,3033],{"class":76},[66,8524,3036],{"class":1797},[66,8526,3039],{"class":80},[66,8528,7851],{"class":84},[66,8530,3044],{"class":80},[66,8532,3047],{"class":76},[66,8534,8535],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8536,3793],{"class":3602},[258,8538,8176,8540,8542],{"id":8539},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8541,3542],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8544,8545,8546,8548],{},"In Python, ",[15,8547,3542],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[57,8550,8552],{"className":59,"code":8551,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8553,8554],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8555,8556,8558,8560,8562],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8557,138],{"class":137},[66,8559,110],{"class":102},[66,8561,2964],{"class":2641},[66,8563,7212],{"class":102},[20,8565,148],{},[57,8567,8569],{"className":59,"code":8568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8570,8571],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8572,8573,8575,8577,8579,8582,8584],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8574,3033],{"class":76},[66,8576,3036],{"class":1797},[66,8578,3039],{"class":80},[66,8580,8581],{"class":84},"dict",[66,8583,3044],{"class":80},[66,8585,3047],{"class":76},[20,8587,8588],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[57,8590,8592],{"className":59,"code":8591,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8593,8594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8595,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604,8606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8597,138],{"class":137},[66,8599,110],{"class":102},[66,8601,2964],{"class":2641},[66,8603,110],{"class":102},[66,8605,6039],{"class":2641},[66,8607,6042],{"class":102},[20,8609,148],{},[57,8611,8613],{"className":59,"code":8612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8614,8615],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8616,8617,8619,8621,8623,8625,8627],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8618,3033],{"class":76},[66,8620,3036],{"class":1797},[66,8622,3039],{"class":80},[66,8624,6039],{"class":84},[66,8626,3044],{"class":80},[66,8628,3047],{"class":76},[52,8630,8632],{"id":8631},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8634,8635,8636,8638],{},"If ",[15,8637,3563],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[57,8640,8642],{"className":59,"code":8641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8643,8644,8658,8672,8682,8700],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8645,8646,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8647,138],{"class":137},[66,8649,110],{"class":102},[66,8651,3618],{"class":2641},[66,8653,110],{"class":102},[66,8655,2208],{"class":106},[66,8657,1330],{"class":102},[66,8659,8660,8662,8664,8666,8668,8670],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8661,138],{"class":137},[66,8663,110],{"class":102},[66,8665,2964],{"class":2641},[66,8667,110],{"class":102},[66,8669,2208],{"class":106},[66,8671,1330],{"class":102},[66,8673,8674,8676,8678,8680],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,8675,138],{"class":137},[66,8677,110],{"class":102},[66,8679,2208],{"class":106},[66,8681,131],{"class":102},[66,8683,8684,8686,8688,8690,8692,8694,8696,8698],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,8685,138],{"class":137},[66,8687,110],{"class":102},[66,8689,2181],{"class":106},[66,8691,4441],{"class":76},[66,8693,81],{"class":80},[66,8695,3350],{"class":84},[66,8697,113],{"class":80},[66,8699,131],{"class":102},[66,8701,8702,8704,8706,8708,8710,8712,8714,8716],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,8703,138],{"class":137},[66,8705,110],{"class":102},[66,8707,2208],{"class":106},[66,8709,103],{"class":102},[66,8711,8393],{"class":106},[66,8713,8396],{"class":102},[66,8715,8399],{"class":106},[66,8717,6949],{"class":102},[20,8719,8720],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[33,8722,8723,8726,8729,8732],{},[36,8724,8725],{},"what the value really is",[36,8727,8728],{},"whether it is a string",[36,8730,8731],{},"whether it contains spaces",[36,8733,8734],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8736,8737,8738,103],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[200,8739,8741],{"href":8740},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[52,8743,1518],{"id":1517},[258,8745,8747],{"id":8746},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8749,8750,8751,2617,8753,103],{},"It returns either ",[15,8752,3350],{},[15,8754,3424],{},[258,8756,8758],{"id":8757},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8760,4903,8761,103],{},[15,8762,3424],{},[258,8764,8766],{"id":8765},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8768,8769,8770,103],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8771,3350],{},[258,8773,8775],{"id":8774},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8777,8778,8779,103],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8780,3424],{},[258,8782,8784],{"id":8783},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8786,8787,8788,2617,8790,3487],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8789,3350],{},[15,8791,3424],{},[52,8793,1620],{"id":1619},[33,8795,8796,8801,8805,8810,8814,8819],{},[36,8797,8798],{},[200,8799,8800],{"href":5531},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[36,8802,8803],{},[200,8804,7867],{"href":7866},[36,8806,8807],{},[200,8808,8809],{"href":7977},"Python input() function explained",[36,8811,8812],{},[200,8813,8201],{"href":2032},[36,8815,8816],{},[200,8817,8818],{"href":8740},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,8820,8821],{},[200,8822,8823],{"href":6965},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1651,8825,8826],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":8828},[8829,8830,8831,8832,8833,8834,8840,8846,8847,8855,8856,8863],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":6902,"depth":91,"text":6903},{"id":6969,"depth":91,"text":6970},{"id":7087,"depth":91,"text":7088},{"id":7282,"depth":91,"text":7283},{"id":7514,"depth":91,"text":7515,"children":8835},[8836,8837,8838,8839],{"id":7524,"depth":134,"text":7525},{"id":7622,"depth":134,"text":7623},{"id":7707,"depth":134,"text":7708},{"id":7780,"depth":134,"text":7781},{"id":7870,"depth":91,"text":7871,"children":8841},[8842,8844],{"id":7883,"depth":134,"text":8843},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7923,"depth":134,"text":8845},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8040,"depth":91,"text":8041},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":8848},[8849,8851,8852,8853],{"id":8211,"depth":134,"text":8850},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8307,"depth":134,"text":8308},{"id":8432,"depth":134,"text":8433},{"id":8539,"depth":134,"text":8854},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8631,"depth":91,"text":8632},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":8857},[8858,8859,8860,8861,8862],{"id":8746,"depth":134,"text":8747},{"id":8757,"depth":134,"text":8758},{"id":8765,"depth":134,"text":8766},{"id":8774,"depth":134,"text":8775},{"id":8783,"depth":134,"text":8784},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6729,"description":8864},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8871,"title":8872,"body":8873,"description":11067,"extension":1694,"meta":11068,"navigation":338,"path":11069,"seo":11070,"stem":11071,"__hash__":11072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8874,"toc":11029},[8875,8881,8887,8894,8899,8910,8917,9026,9030,9099,9104,9109,9114,9117,9128,9133,9136,9147,9154,9156,9161,9165,9190,9194,9203,9207,9270,9274,9307,9311,9356,9360,9397,9401,9404,9460,9464,9510,9513,9518,9557,9561,9584,9587,9601,9614,9618,9623,9690,9694,9730,9733,9741,9744,9808,9812,9844,9850,9852,9912,9919,9922,10000,10004,10037,10041,10044,10088,10092,10128,10131,10148,10151,10154,10207,10210,10221,10228,10237,10240,10298,10302,10343,10351,10359,10365,10373,10385,10390,10401,10474,10477,10489,10504,10508,10513,10517,10519,10562,10568,10570,10633,10637,10640,10649,10654,10691,10695,10698,10706,10709,10748,10752,10755,10806,10810,10831,10838,10840,10846,10873,10876,10931,10934,10945,10947,10954,10962,10968,10973,10980,10983,10990,10997,10999,11026],[10,8876,3321,8878,3325],{"id":8877},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8879,8880],{},"dict()",[20,8882,8883,8884,8886],{},"The built-in ",[15,8885,8880],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8888,8889,8890,8893],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[398,8891,8892],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8895,8896,8898],{},[15,8897,8880],{}," is commonly used to:",[33,8900,8901,8904,8907],{},[36,8902,8903],{},"create an empty dictionary",[36,8905,8906],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,8908,8909],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8911,8912,8913,103],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[200,8914,8916],{"href":8915},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[57,8918,8920],{"className":59,"code":8919,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8921,8922,8957,8968,8972,9011],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8923,8924,8927,8929,8932,8934,8937,8939,8941,8943,8945,8947,8950,8952,8955],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8925,8926],{"class":72},"data ",[66,8928,77],{"class":76},[66,8930,8931],{"class":2641}," dict",[66,8933,110],{"class":102},[66,8935,7423],{"class":8936},"s99_P",[66,8938,77],{"class":76},[66,8940,3044],{"class":80},[66,8942,4758],{"class":84},[66,8944,3044],{"class":80},[66,8946,121],{"class":102},[66,8948,8949],{"class":8936}," age",[66,8951,77],{"class":76},[66,8953,8954],{"class":478},"25",[66,8956,131],{"class":102},[66,8958,8959,8961,8963,8966],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,8960,138],{"class":137},[66,8962,110],{"class":102},[66,8964,8965],{"class":106},"data",[66,8967,131],{"class":102},[66,8969,8970],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,8971,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,8973,8974,8977,8979,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990,8992,8995,8998,9000,9002,9004,9006,9008],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,8975,8976],{"class":72},"pairs ",[66,8978,77],{"class":76},[66,8980,8981],{"class":102}," [(",[66,8983,3044],{"class":80},[66,8985,200],{"class":84},[66,8987,3044],{"class":80},[66,8989,121],{"class":102},[66,8991,479],{"class":478},[66,8993,8994],{"class":102},"),",[66,8996,8997],{"class":102}," (",[66,8999,3044],{"class":80},[66,9001,4514],{"class":84},[66,9003,3044],{"class":80},[66,9005,121],{"class":102},[66,9007,561],{"class":478},[66,9009,9010],{"class":102},")]\n",[66,9012,9013,9015,9017,9019,9021,9024],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,9014,138],{"class":137},[66,9016,110],{"class":102},[66,9018,8581],{"class":2641},[66,9020,110],{"class":102},[66,9022,9023],{"class":106},"pairs",[66,9025,1330],{"class":102},[20,9027,9028],{},[398,9029,148],{},[57,9031,9033],{"className":59,"code":9032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9034,9035,9071],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9036,9037,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058,9061,9063,9065,9068],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9038,9039],{"class":102},"{",[66,9041,3044],{"class":80},[66,9043,7423],{"class":84},[66,9045,3044],{"class":80},[66,9047,1111],{"class":102},[66,9049,3039],{"class":80},[66,9051,4758],{"class":84},[66,9053,3044],{"class":80},[66,9055,121],{"class":102},[66,9057,3039],{"class":80},[66,9059,9060],{"class":84},"age",[66,9062,3044],{"class":80},[66,9064,1111],{"class":102},[66,9066,9067],{"class":478}," 25",[66,9069,9070],{"class":102},"}\n",[66,9072,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095,9097],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9074,9039],{"class":102},[66,9076,3044],{"class":80},[66,9078,200],{"class":84},[66,9080,3044],{"class":80},[66,9082,1111],{"class":102},[66,9084,479],{"class":478},[66,9086,121],{"class":102},[66,9088,3039],{"class":80},[66,9090,4514],{"class":84},[66,9092,3044],{"class":80},[66,9094,1111],{"class":102},[66,9096,561],{"class":478},[66,9098,9070],{"class":102},[20,9100,160,9101,9103],{},[15,9102,8880],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[52,9105,168,9107,41],{"id":9106},"what-dict-does",[15,9108,8880],{},[20,9110,9111,9113],{},[15,9112,8880],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9115,9116],{},"A dictionary:",[33,9118,9119,9122,9125],{},[36,9120,9121],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[36,9123,9124],{},"lets you look up values by key",[36,9126,9127],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9129,9130,9132],{},[15,9131,8880],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9134,9135],{},"Common uses include:",[33,9137,9138,9141,9144],{},[36,9139,9140],{},"making an empty dictionary",[36,9142,9143],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[36,9145,9146],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9148,9149,9150,103],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[200,9151,9153],{"href":9152},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[52,9155,1891],{"id":1890},[20,9157,9158,9160],{},[15,9159,8880],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[258,9162,9164],{"id":9163},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[57,9166,9168],{"className":59,"code":9167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9169,9170,9180],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9171,9172,9174,9176,9178],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9173,8926],{"class":72},[66,9175,77],{"class":76},[66,9177,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9179,8402],{"class":102},[66,9181,9182,9184,9186,9188],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9183,138],{"class":137},[66,9185,110],{"class":102},[66,9187,8965],{"class":106},[66,9189,131],{"class":102},[20,9191,9192],{},[398,9193,148],{},[57,9195,9197],{"className":59,"code":9196,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{}\n",[15,9198,9199],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9200,9201],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9202,9196],{"class":102},[258,9204,9206],{"id":9205},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[57,9208,9210],{"className":59,"code":9209,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9211,9212,9246,9260],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9213,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9215,8976],{"class":72},[66,9217,77],{"class":76},[66,9219,8981],{"class":102},[66,9221,3044],{"class":80},[66,9223,200],{"class":84},[66,9225,3044],{"class":80},[66,9227,121],{"class":102},[66,9229,479],{"class":478},[66,9231,8994],{"class":102},[66,9233,8997],{"class":102},[66,9235,3044],{"class":80},[66,9237,4514],{"class":84},[66,9239,3044],{"class":80},[66,9241,121],{"class":102},[66,9243,561],{"class":478},[66,9245,9010],{"class":102},[66,9247,9248,9250,9252,9254,9256,9258],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9249,8926],{"class":72},[66,9251,77],{"class":76},[66,9253,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9255,110],{"class":102},[66,9257,9023],{"class":106},[66,9259,131],{"class":102},[66,9261,9262,9264,9266,9268],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,9263,138],{"class":137},[66,9265,110],{"class":102},[66,9267,8965],{"class":106},[66,9269,131],{"class":102},[20,9271,9272],{},[398,9273,148],{},[57,9275,9277],{"className":59,"code":9276,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9278,9279],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9280,9281,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9282,9039],{"class":102},[66,9284,3044],{"class":80},[66,9286,200],{"class":84},[66,9288,3044],{"class":80},[66,9290,1111],{"class":102},[66,9292,479],{"class":478},[66,9294,121],{"class":102},[66,9296,3039],{"class":80},[66,9298,4514],{"class":84},[66,9300,3044],{"class":80},[66,9302,1111],{"class":102},[66,9304,561],{"class":478},[66,9306,9070],{"class":102},[258,9308,9310],{"id":9309},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[57,9312,9314],{"className":59,"code":9313,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9315,9316,9346],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9317,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9319,8926],{"class":72},[66,9321,77],{"class":76},[66,9323,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9325,110],{"class":102},[66,9327,7423],{"class":8936},[66,9329,77],{"class":76},[66,9331,3044],{"class":80},[66,9333,4758],{"class":84},[66,9335,3044],{"class":80},[66,9337,121],{"class":102},[66,9339,8949],{"class":8936},[66,9341,77],{"class":76},[66,9343,8954],{"class":478},[66,9345,131],{"class":102},[66,9347,9348,9350,9352,9354],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9349,138],{"class":137},[66,9351,110],{"class":102},[66,9353,8965],{"class":106},[66,9355,131],{"class":102},[20,9357,9358],{},[398,9359,148],{},[57,9361,9363],{"className":59,"code":9362,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9364,9365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9366,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387,9389,9391,9393,9395],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9368,9039],{"class":102},[66,9370,3044],{"class":80},[66,9372,7423],{"class":84},[66,9374,3044],{"class":80},[66,9376,1111],{"class":102},[66,9378,3039],{"class":80},[66,9380,4758],{"class":84},[66,9382,3044],{"class":80},[66,9384,121],{"class":102},[66,9386,3039],{"class":80},[66,9388,9060],{"class":84},[66,9390,3044],{"class":80},[66,9392,1111],{"class":102},[66,9394,9067],{"class":478},[66,9396,9070],{"class":102},[258,9398,9400],{"id":9399},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9402,9403],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[57,9405,9407],{"className":59,"code":9406,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9408,9409,9450],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9410,9411,9413,9415,9417,9420,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9444,9446,9448],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9412,8926],{"class":72},[66,9414,77],{"class":76},[66,9416,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9418,9419],{"class":102},"([(",[66,9421,3044],{"class":80},[66,9423,200],{"class":84},[66,9425,3044],{"class":80},[66,9427,121],{"class":102},[66,9429,479],{"class":478},[66,9431,9432],{"class":102},")],",[66,9434,2296],{"class":8936},[66,9436,77],{"class":76},[66,9438,1788],{"class":478},[66,9440,121],{"class":102},[66,9442,9443],{"class":8936}," c",[66,9445,77],{"class":76},[66,9447,1794],{"class":478},[66,9449,131],{"class":102},[66,9451,9452,9454,9456,9458],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9453,138],{"class":137},[66,9455,110],{"class":102},[66,9457,8965],{"class":106},[66,9459,131],{"class":102},[20,9461,9462],{},[398,9463,148],{},[57,9465,9467],{"className":59,"code":9466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9468,9469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9470,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9502,9504,9506,9508],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9472,9039],{"class":102},[66,9474,3044],{"class":80},[66,9476,200],{"class":84},[66,9478,3044],{"class":80},[66,9480,1111],{"class":102},[66,9482,479],{"class":478},[66,9484,121],{"class":102},[66,9486,3039],{"class":80},[66,9488,4514],{"class":84},[66,9490,3044],{"class":80},[66,9492,1111],{"class":102},[66,9494,561],{"class":478},[66,9496,121],{"class":102},[66,9498,3039],{"class":80},[66,9500,9501],{"class":84},"c",[66,9503,3044],{"class":80},[66,9505,1111],{"class":102},[66,9507,2186],{"class":478},[66,9509,9070],{"class":102},[52,9511,9164],{"id":9512},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9514,160,9515,9517],{},[15,9516,8880],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[57,9519,9521],{"className":59,"code":9520,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9522,9523,9533,9547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9524,9525,9527,9529,9531],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9526,8926],{"class":72},[66,9528,77],{"class":76},[66,9530,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9532,8402],{"class":102},[66,9534,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9536,138],{"class":137},[66,9538,110],{"class":102},[66,9540,2964],{"class":2641},[66,9542,110],{"class":102},[66,9544,8965],{"class":106},[66,9546,1330],{"class":102},[66,9548,9549,9551,9553,9555],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,9550,138],{"class":137},[66,9552,110],{"class":102},[66,9554,8965],{"class":106},[66,9556,131],{"class":102},[20,9558,9559],{},[398,9560,148],{},[57,9562,9564],{"className":59,"code":9563,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9565,9566,9580],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9567,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9569,3033],{"class":76},[66,9571,3036],{"class":1797},[66,9573,3039],{"class":80},[66,9575,8581],{"class":84},[66,9577,3044],{"class":80},[66,9579,3047],{"class":76},[66,9581,9582],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9583,9196],{"class":102},[20,9585,9586],{},"This gives the same result as:",[57,9588,9590],{"className":59,"code":9589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n",[15,9591,9592],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9593,9594,9596,9598],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9595,8926],{"class":72},[66,9597,77],{"class":76},[66,9599,9600],{"class":102}," {}\n",[20,9602,9603,9604,9606,9607,9610,9611,9613],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9605,3542],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9608,9609],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9612,8880],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[52,9615,9617],{"id":9616},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9619,9620,9621,103],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9622,8880],{},[57,9624,9626],{"className":59,"code":9625,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9627,9628,9666,9680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9629,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9631,8976],{"class":72},[66,9633,77],{"class":76},[66,9635,8981],{"class":102},[66,9637,3044],{"class":80},[66,9639,7423],{"class":84},[66,9641,3044],{"class":80},[66,9643,121],{"class":102},[66,9645,3039],{"class":80},[66,9647,4758],{"class":84},[66,9649,3044],{"class":80},[66,9651,8994],{"class":102},[66,9653,8997],{"class":102},[66,9655,3044],{"class":80},[66,9657,9060],{"class":84},[66,9659,3044],{"class":80},[66,9661,121],{"class":102},[66,9663,9067],{"class":478},[66,9665,9010],{"class":102},[66,9667,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9669,8926],{"class":72},[66,9671,77],{"class":76},[66,9673,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9675,110],{"class":102},[66,9677,9023],{"class":106},[66,9679,131],{"class":102},[66,9681,9682,9684,9686,9688],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,9683,138],{"class":137},[66,9685,110],{"class":102},[66,9687,8965],{"class":106},[66,9689,131],{"class":102},[20,9691,9692],{},[398,9693,148],{},[57,9695,9696],{"className":59,"code":9362,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,9697,9698],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9699,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9701,9039],{"class":102},[66,9703,3044],{"class":80},[66,9705,7423],{"class":84},[66,9707,3044],{"class":80},[66,9709,1111],{"class":102},[66,9711,3039],{"class":80},[66,9713,4758],{"class":84},[66,9715,3044],{"class":80},[66,9717,121],{"class":102},[66,9719,3039],{"class":80},[66,9721,9060],{"class":84},[66,9723,3044],{"class":80},[66,9725,1111],{"class":102},[66,9727,9067],{"class":478},[66,9729,9070],{"class":102},[20,9731,9732],{},"Each pair becomes:",[33,9734,9735,9738],{},[36,9736,9737],{},"the first item as the key",[36,9739,9740],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9742,9743],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[57,9745,9747],{"className":59,"code":9746,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9748,9749,9784,9798],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9750,9751,9753,9755,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9752,8976],{"class":72},[66,9754,77],{"class":76},[66,9756,9757],{"class":102}," ((",[66,9759,3044],{"class":80},[66,9761,200],{"class":84},[66,9763,3044],{"class":80},[66,9765,121],{"class":102},[66,9767,479],{"class":478},[66,9769,8994],{"class":102},[66,9771,8997],{"class":102},[66,9773,3044],{"class":80},[66,9775,4514],{"class":84},[66,9777,3044],{"class":80},[66,9779,121],{"class":102},[66,9781,561],{"class":478},[66,9783,1330],{"class":102},[66,9785,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9787,8926],{"class":72},[66,9789,77],{"class":76},[66,9791,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9793,110],{"class":102},[66,9795,9023],{"class":106},[66,9797,131],{"class":102},[66,9799,9800,9802,9804,9806],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,9801,138],{"class":137},[66,9803,110],{"class":102},[66,9805,8965],{"class":106},[66,9807,131],{"class":102},[20,9809,9810],{},[398,9811,148],{},[57,9813,9814],{"className":59,"code":9276,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,9815,9816],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9817,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9819,9039],{"class":102},[66,9821,3044],{"class":80},[66,9823,200],{"class":84},[66,9825,3044],{"class":80},[66,9827,1111],{"class":102},[66,9829,479],{"class":478},[66,9831,121],{"class":102},[66,9833,3039],{"class":80},[66,9835,4514],{"class":84},[66,9837,3044],{"class":80},[66,9839,1111],{"class":102},[66,9841,561],{"class":478},[66,9843,9070],{"class":102},[20,9845,9846,9847,103],{},"Each item must contain ",[398,9848,9849],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9851,2575],{},[57,9853,9855],{"className":59,"code":9854,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9856,9857,9897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9858,9859,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9860,9861],{"class":72},"bad_data ",[66,9863,77],{"class":76},[66,9865,8981],{"class":102},[66,9867,3044],{"class":80},[66,9869,200],{"class":84},[66,9871,3044],{"class":80},[66,9873,121],{"class":102},[66,9875,479],{"class":478},[66,9877,121],{"class":102},[66,9879,9880],{"class":478}," 100",[66,9882,8994],{"class":102},[66,9884,8997],{"class":102},[66,9886,3044],{"class":80},[66,9888,4514],{"class":84},[66,9890,3044],{"class":80},[66,9892,121],{"class":102},[66,9894,561],{"class":478},[66,9896,9010],{"class":102},[66,9898,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9910],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9900,447],{"class":72},[66,9902,77],{"class":76},[66,9904,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9906,110],{"class":102},[66,9908,9909],{"class":106},"bad_data",[66,9911,131],{"class":102},[20,9913,9914,9915,9918],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9916,9917],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9920,9921],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[57,9923,9925],{"className":59,"code":9924,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9926,9927,9976,9990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9928,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9930,8976],{"class":72},[66,9932,77],{"class":76},[66,9934,8981],{"class":102},[66,9936,3044],{"class":80},[66,9938,200],{"class":84},[66,9940,3044],{"class":80},[66,9942,121],{"class":102},[66,9944,479],{"class":478},[66,9946,8994],{"class":102},[66,9948,8997],{"class":102},[66,9950,3044],{"class":80},[66,9952,200],{"class":84},[66,9954,3044],{"class":80},[66,9956,121],{"class":102},[66,9958,9959],{"class":478}," 99",[66,9961,8994],{"class":102},[66,9963,8997],{"class":102},[66,9965,3044],{"class":80},[66,9967,4514],{"class":84},[66,9969,3044],{"class":80},[66,9971,121],{"class":102},[66,9973,561],{"class":478},[66,9975,9010],{"class":102},[66,9977,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,9979,8926],{"class":72},[66,9981,77],{"class":76},[66,9983,8931],{"class":2641},[66,9985,110],{"class":102},[66,9987,9023],{"class":106},[66,9989,131],{"class":102},[66,9991,9992,9994,9996,9998],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,9993,138],{"class":137},[66,9995,110],{"class":102},[66,9997,8965],{"class":106},[66,9999,131],{"class":102},[20,10001,10002],{},[398,10003,148],{},[57,10005,10007],{"className":59,"code":10006,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10008,10009],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10010,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10012,9039],{"class":102},[66,10014,3044],{"class":80},[66,10016,200],{"class":84},[66,10018,3044],{"class":80},[66,10020,1111],{"class":102},[66,10022,9959],{"class":478},[66,10024,121],{"class":102},[66,10026,3039],{"class":80},[66,10028,4514],{"class":84},[66,10030,3044],{"class":80},[66,10032,1111],{"class":102},[66,10034,561],{"class":478},[66,10036,9070],{"class":102},[52,10038,10040],{"id":10039},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10042,10043],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[57,10045,10046],{"className":59,"code":9313,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10047,10048,10078],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10049,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10051,8926],{"class":72},[66,10053,77],{"class":76},[66,10055,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10057,110],{"class":102},[66,10059,7423],{"class":8936},[66,10061,77],{"class":76},[66,10063,3044],{"class":80},[66,10065,4758],{"class":84},[66,10067,3044],{"class":80},[66,10069,121],{"class":102},[66,10071,8949],{"class":8936},[66,10073,77],{"class":76},[66,10075,8954],{"class":478},[66,10077,131],{"class":102},[66,10079,10080,10082,10084,10086],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10081,138],{"class":137},[66,10083,110],{"class":102},[66,10085,8965],{"class":106},[66,10087,131],{"class":102},[20,10089,10090],{},[398,10091,148],{},[57,10093,10094],{"className":59,"code":9362,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10095,10096],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10097,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10099,9039],{"class":102},[66,10101,3044],{"class":80},[66,10103,7423],{"class":84},[66,10105,3044],{"class":80},[66,10107,1111],{"class":102},[66,10109,3039],{"class":80},[66,10111,4758],{"class":84},[66,10113,3044],{"class":80},[66,10115,121],{"class":102},[66,10117,3039],{"class":80},[66,10119,9060],{"class":84},[66,10121,3044],{"class":80},[66,10123,1111],{"class":102},[66,10125,9067],{"class":478},[66,10127,9070],{"class":102},[20,10129,10130],{},"In this form:",[33,10132,10133,10141],{},[36,10134,10135,10137,10138],{},[15,10136,7423],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10139,10140],{},"'name'",[36,10142,10143,10137,10145],{},[15,10144,9060],{},[15,10146,10147],{},"'age'",[20,10149,10150],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10152,10153],{},"Valid examples:",[57,10155,10157],{"className":59,"code":10156,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10158,10159,10197],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10160,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10172,10174,10176,10179,10181,10183,10186,10188,10190,10193,10195],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10162,8926],{"class":72},[66,10164,77],{"class":76},[66,10166,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10168,110],{"class":102},[66,10170,10171],{"class":8936},"city",[66,10173,77],{"class":76},[66,10175,3044],{"class":80},[66,10177,10178],{"class":84},"Paris",[66,10180,3044],{"class":80},[66,10182,121],{"class":102},[66,10184,10185],{"class":8936}," country",[66,10187,77],{"class":76},[66,10189,3044],{"class":80},[66,10191,10192],{"class":84},"France",[66,10194,3044],{"class":80},[66,10196,131],{"class":102},[66,10198,10199,10201,10203,10205],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10200,138],{"class":137},[66,10202,110],{"class":102},[66,10204,8965],{"class":106},[66,10206,131],{"class":102},[20,10208,10209],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[33,10211,10212,10215,10218],{},[36,10213,10214],{},"spaces",[36,10216,10217],{},"hyphens",[36,10219,10220],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10222,10223,10224,10227],{},"For example, this is ",[398,10225,10226],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[57,10229,10231],{"className":59,"code":10230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10232,10233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10234,10235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10236,10230],{"class":3413},[20,10238,10239],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[57,10241,10243],{"className":59,"code":10242,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10244,10245,10288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10246,10247,10249,10251,10254,10256,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10248,8926],{"class":72},[66,10250,77],{"class":76},[66,10252,10253],{"class":102}," {",[66,10255,3044],{"class":80},[66,10257,10258],{"class":84},"first-name",[66,10260,3044],{"class":80},[66,10262,1111],{"class":102},[66,10264,3039],{"class":80},[66,10266,7432],{"class":84},[66,10268,3044],{"class":80},[66,10270,121],{"class":102},[66,10272,3039],{"class":80},[66,10274,10275],{"class":84},"first name",[66,10277,3044],{"class":80},[66,10279,1111],{"class":102},[66,10281,3039],{"class":80},[66,10283,7432],{"class":84},[66,10285,3044],{"class":80},[66,10287,9070],{"class":102},[66,10289,10290,10292,10294,10296],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10291,138],{"class":137},[66,10293,110],{"class":102},[66,10295,8965],{"class":106},[66,10297,131],{"class":102},[20,10299,10300],{},[398,10301,148],{},[57,10303,10305],{"className":59,"code":10304,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10306,10307],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10308,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10310,9039],{"class":102},[66,10312,3044],{"class":80},[66,10314,10258],{"class":84},[66,10316,3044],{"class":80},[66,10318,1111],{"class":102},[66,10320,3039],{"class":80},[66,10322,7432],{"class":84},[66,10324,3044],{"class":80},[66,10326,121],{"class":102},[66,10328,3039],{"class":80},[66,10330,10275],{"class":84},[66,10332,3044],{"class":80},[66,10334,1111],{"class":102},[66,10336,3039],{"class":80},[66,10338,7432],{"class":84},[66,10340,3044],{"class":80},[66,10342,9070],{"class":102},[52,10344,10346,10348,10349],{"id":10345},"dict-vs",[15,10347,8880],{}," vs ",[15,10350,3542],{},[20,10352,10353,10354,798,10356,10358],{},"Both ",[15,10355,8880],{},[15,10357,3542],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[258,10360,160,10362,10364],{"id":10361},"use-when",[15,10363,3542],{}," when:",[33,10366,10367,10370],{},[36,10368,10369],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[36,10371,10372],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[57,10374,10375],{"className":59,"code":9589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10376,10377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10378,10379,10381,10383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10380,8926],{"class":72},[66,10382,77],{"class":76},[66,10384,9600],{"class":102},[258,10386,160,10388,10364],{"id":10387},"use-dict-when",[15,10389,8880],{},[33,10391,10392,10395,10398],{},[36,10393,10394],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,10396,10397],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[36,10399,10400],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[57,10402,10404],{"className":59,"code":10403,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10405,10406,10443],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10407,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10409,8926],{"class":72},[66,10411,77],{"class":76},[66,10413,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10415,9419],{"class":102},[66,10417,3044],{"class":80},[66,10419,200],{"class":84},[66,10421,3044],{"class":80},[66,10423,121],{"class":102},[66,10425,479],{"class":478},[66,10427,8994],{"class":102},[66,10429,8997],{"class":102},[66,10431,3044],{"class":80},[66,10433,4514],{"class":84},[66,10435,3044],{"class":80},[66,10437,121],{"class":102},[66,10439,561],{"class":478},[66,10441,10442],{"class":102},")])\n",[66,10444,10445,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10446,10447],{"class":72},"info ",[66,10449,77],{"class":76},[66,10451,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10453,110],{"class":102},[66,10455,7423],{"class":8936},[66,10457,77],{"class":76},[66,10459,3044],{"class":80},[66,10461,4758],{"class":84},[66,10463,3044],{"class":80},[66,10465,121],{"class":102},[66,10467,8949],{"class":8936},[66,10469,77],{"class":76},[66,10471,8954],{"class":478},[66,10473,131],{"class":102},[20,10475,10476],{},"So:",[33,10478,10479,10484],{},[36,10480,10481,10483],{},[15,10482,3542],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[36,10485,10486,10488],{},[15,10487,8880],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10490,10491,10492,10496,10497,103],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[200,10493,10495],{"href":10494},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[200,10498,10500,10501,774],{"href":10499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10502,10503],{},"get()",[52,10505,10507],{"id":10506},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10509,10510,10511,103],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10512,8880],{},[258,10514,10516],{"id":10515},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10518,4277],{},[57,10520,10522],{"className":59,"code":10521,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10523,10524,10548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10525,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10527,7535],{"class":72},[66,10529,77],{"class":76},[66,10531,3370],{"class":102},[66,10533,3044],{"class":80},[66,10535,200],{"class":84},[66,10537,3044],{"class":80},[66,10539,121],{"class":102},[66,10541,3039],{"class":80},[66,10543,4514],{"class":84},[66,10545,3044],{"class":80},[66,10547,3383],{"class":102},[66,10549,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10551,8926],{"class":72},[66,10553,77],{"class":76},[66,10555,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10557,110],{"class":102},[66,10559,7566],{"class":106},[66,10561,131],{"class":102},[20,10563,10564,10565,103],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10566,10567],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10569,1209],{},[57,10571,10573],{"className":59,"code":10572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10574,10575,10609,10623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10576,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10578,7535],{"class":72},[66,10580,77],{"class":76},[66,10582,8981],{"class":102},[66,10584,3044],{"class":80},[66,10586,200],{"class":84},[66,10588,3044],{"class":80},[66,10590,121],{"class":102},[66,10592,479],{"class":478},[66,10594,8994],{"class":102},[66,10596,8997],{"class":102},[66,10598,3044],{"class":80},[66,10600,4514],{"class":84},[66,10602,3044],{"class":80},[66,10604,121],{"class":102},[66,10606,561],{"class":478},[66,10608,9010],{"class":102},[66,10610,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10612,8926],{"class":72},[66,10614,77],{"class":76},[66,10616,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10618,110],{"class":102},[66,10620,7566],{"class":106},[66,10622,131],{"class":102},[66,10624,10625,10627,10629,10631],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,10626,138],{"class":137},[66,10628,110],{"class":102},[66,10630,8965],{"class":106},[66,10632,131],{"class":102},[258,10634,10636],{"id":10635},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10638,10639],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[57,10641,10643],{"className":59,"code":10642,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10644,10645],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10646,10647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10648,10642],{"class":3413},[20,10650,10651,10652,1111],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10653,77],{},[57,10655,10657],{"className":59,"code":10656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10658,10659,10681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10660,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10662,8926],{"class":72},[66,10664,77],{"class":76},[66,10666,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10668,110],{"class":102},[66,10670,7423],{"class":8936},[66,10672,77],{"class":76},[66,10674,3044],{"class":80},[66,10676,4758],{"class":84},[66,10678,3044],{"class":80},[66,10680,131],{"class":102},[66,10682,10683,10685,10687,10689],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10684,138],{"class":137},[66,10686,110],{"class":102},[66,10688,8965],{"class":106},[66,10690,131],{"class":102},[258,10692,10694],{"id":10693},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10696,10697],{},"This will not work:",[57,10699,10700],{"className":59,"code":10230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10701,10702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10703,10704],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10705,10230],{"class":3413},[20,10707,10708],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[57,10710,10712],{"className":59,"code":10711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10713,10714,10738],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10715,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10717,8926],{"class":72},[66,10719,77],{"class":76},[66,10721,10253],{"class":102},[66,10723,3044],{"class":80},[66,10725,10258],{"class":84},[66,10727,3044],{"class":80},[66,10729,1111],{"class":102},[66,10731,3039],{"class":80},[66,10733,7432],{"class":84},[66,10735,3044],{"class":80},[66,10737,9070],{"class":102},[66,10739,10740,10742,10744,10746],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10741,138],{"class":137},[66,10743,110],{"class":102},[66,10745,8965],{"class":106},[66,10747,131],{"class":102},[258,10749,10751],{"id":10750},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10753,10754],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[57,10756,10758],{"className":59,"code":10757,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10759,10760,10796],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10761,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10763,8926],{"class":72},[66,10765,77],{"class":76},[66,10767,8931],{"class":2641},[66,10769,9419],{"class":102},[66,10771,3044],{"class":80},[66,10773,960],{"class":84},[66,10775,3044],{"class":80},[66,10777,121],{"class":102},[66,10779,479],{"class":478},[66,10781,8994],{"class":102},[66,10783,8997],{"class":102},[66,10785,3044],{"class":80},[66,10787,960],{"class":84},[66,10789,3044],{"class":80},[66,10791,121],{"class":102},[66,10793,561],{"class":478},[66,10795,10442],{"class":102},[66,10797,10798,10800,10802,10804],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10799,138],{"class":137},[66,10801,110],{"class":102},[66,10803,8965],{"class":106},[66,10805,131],{"class":102},[20,10807,10808],{},[398,10809,148],{},[57,10811,10813],{"className":59,"code":10812,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10814,10815],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10816,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10818,9039],{"class":102},[66,10820,3044],{"class":80},[66,10822,960],{"class":84},[66,10824,3044],{"class":80},[66,10826,1111],{"class":102},[66,10828,561],{"class":478},[66,10830,9070],{"class":102},[20,10832,10833,10834,103],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[200,10835,10837],{"href":10836},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[52,10839,2568],{"id":2567},[20,10841,10842,10843,10845],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10844,8880],{}," include:",[33,10847,10848,10858,10864,10867],{},[36,10849,10850,10851,10854,10855],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10852,10853],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10856,10857],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[36,10859,10860,10861],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10862,10863],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[36,10865,10866],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[36,10868,10869,10870,10872],{},"confusing ",[15,10871,8880],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10874,10875],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[57,10877,10879],{"className":59,"code":10878,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10880,10881,10895,10905,10916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10882,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10884,138],{"class":137},[66,10886,110],{"class":102},[66,10888,2964],{"class":2641},[66,10890,110],{"class":102},[66,10892,8965],{"class":106},[66,10894,1330],{"class":102},[66,10896,10897,10899,10901,10903],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,10898,138],{"class":137},[66,10900,110],{"class":102},[66,10902,8965],{"class":106},[66,10904,131],{"class":102},[66,10906,10907,10909,10911,10914],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,10908,138],{"class":137},[66,10910,110],{"class":102},[66,10912,10913],{"class":106},"list_of_pairs",[66,10915,131],{"class":102},[66,10917,10918,10920,10922,10925,10927,10929],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,10919,138],{"class":137},[66,10921,110],{"class":102},[66,10923,10924],{"class":137},"len",[66,10926,110],{"class":102},[66,10928,10913],{"class":106},[66,10930,1330],{"class":102},[20,10932,10933],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[33,10935,10936,10939,10942],{},[36,10937,10938],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[36,10940,10941],{},"what data is being passed in",[36,10943,10944],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[52,10946,1518],{"id":1517},[258,10948,4934,10950,798,10952,2228],{"id":10949},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10951,8880],{},[15,10953,3542],{},[20,10955,10956,10958,10959,10961],{},[15,10957,3542],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10960,8880],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[258,10963,1573,10965,10967],{"id":10964},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10966,8880],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10969,10970,10971,103],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10972,10857],{},[258,10974,4913,10976,10979],{"id":10975},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10977,10978],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10981,10982],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[258,10984,10986,10987,10989],{"id":10985},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10988,8880],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10991,10992,10993,10996],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10994,10995],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[52,10998,1620],{"id":1619},[33,11000,11001,11006,11010,11015,11021],{},[36,11002,11003],{},[200,11004,11005],{"href":9152},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[36,11007,11008],{},[200,11009,8916],{"href":8915},[36,11011,11012],{},[200,11013,11014],{"href":10494},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,11016,11017],{},[200,11018,10500,11019,774],{"href":10499},[15,11020,10503],{},[36,11022,11023],{},[200,11024,11025],{"href":10836},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1651,11027,11028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":11030},[11031,11033,11039,11040,11041,11042,11049,11055,11056,11066],{"id":9106,"depth":91,"text":11032},"What dict() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":11034},[11035,11036,11037,11038],{"id":9163,"depth":134,"text":9164},{"id":9205,"depth":134,"text":9206},{"id":9309,"depth":134,"text":9310},{"id":9399,"depth":134,"text":9400},{"id":9512,"depth":91,"text":9164},{"id":9616,"depth":91,"text":9617},{"id":10039,"depth":91,"text":10040},{"id":10345,"depth":91,"text":11043,"children":11044},"dict() vs {}",[11045,11047],{"id":10361,"depth":134,"text":11046},"Use {} when:",{"id":10387,"depth":134,"text":11048},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10506,"depth":91,"text":10507,"children":11050},[11051,11052,11053,11054],{"id":10515,"depth":134,"text":10516},{"id":10635,"depth":134,"text":10636},{"id":10693,"depth":134,"text":10694},{"id":10750,"depth":134,"text":10751},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":11057},[11058,11060,11062,11064],{"id":10949,"depth":134,"text":11059},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10964,"depth":134,"text":11061},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10975,"depth":134,"text":11063},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10985,"depth":134,"text":11065},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8872,"description":11067},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11074,"title":11075,"body":11076,"description":12584,"extension":1694,"meta":12585,"navigation":338,"path":12586,"seo":12587,"stem":12588,"__hash__":12589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11077,"toc":12553},[11078,11085,11091,11098,11100,11161,11166,11171,11176,11194,11197,11201,11203,11219,11222,11235,11239,11242,11376,11378,11445,11448,11464,11469,11475,11478,11559,11561,11575,11579,11585,11650,11652,11660,11663,11686,11692,11755,11761,11764,11778,11791,11795,11806,11811,11822,11829,11833,11839,11961,11963,11989,11992,12009,12012,12123,12125,12174,12176,12189,12198,12203,12208,12219,12221,12324,12347,12349,12353,12372,12375,12433,12436,12462,12464,12470,12473,12479,12483,12490,12498,12504,12507,12509,12550],[10,11079,11081,11082,18],{"id":11080},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11083,11084],{},"clear()",[20,11086,11087,11090],{},[15,11088,11089],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11092,11093,11094,11097],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[398,11095,11096],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[52,11099,55],{"id":54},[57,11101,11103],{"className":59,"code":11102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11104,11105,11137,11148],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11106,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11108,8926],{"class":72},[66,11110,77],{"class":76},[66,11112,10253],{"class":102},[66,11114,113],{"class":80},[66,11116,200],{"class":84},[66,11118,113],{"class":80},[66,11120,1111],{"class":102},[66,11122,479],{"class":478},[66,11124,121],{"class":102},[66,11126,81],{"class":80},[66,11128,4514],{"class":84},[66,11130,113],{"class":80},[66,11132,1111],{"class":102},[66,11134,561],{"class":478},[66,11136,9070],{"class":102},[66,11138,11139,11141,11143,11146],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11140,8965],{"class":72},[66,11142,103],{"class":102},[66,11144,11145],{"class":106},"clear",[66,11147,8402],{"class":102},[66,11149,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,11151,138],{"class":137},[66,11153,110],{"class":102},[66,11155,8965],{"class":106},[66,11157,3410],{"class":102},[66,11159,11160],{"class":3413},"  # {}\n",[20,11162,11163,11165],{},[15,11164,11084],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[52,11167,168,11169,41],{"id":11168},"what-clear-does",[15,11170,11084],{},[20,11172,1711,11173,11175],{},[15,11174,11084],{}," method:",[33,11177,11178,11181,11184,11189],{},[36,11179,11180],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[36,11182,11183],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[36,11185,11186,11187],{},"Returns ",[15,11188,3528],{},[36,11190,11191,11192],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11193,3542],{},[20,11195,11196],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11198,8912,11199,103],{},[200,11200,8916],{"href":8915},[52,11202,1891],{"id":1890},[57,11204,11206],{"className":59,"code":11205,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11207,11208],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11209,11210,11213,11215,11217],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11211,11212],{"class":72},"my_dict",[66,11214,103],{"class":102},[66,11216,11145],{"class":106},[66,11218,8402],{"class":102},[20,11220,11221],{},"Important points:",[33,11223,11224,11229,11232],{},[36,11225,11226,11228],{},[15,11227,11084],{}," takes no arguments",[36,11230,11231],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[36,11233,11234],{},"It empties that dictionary",[52,11236,11238],{"id":11237},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11240,11241],{},"Here is a basic example:",[57,11243,11245],{"className":59,"code":11244,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11246,11247,11257,11278,11292,11309,11313,11317,11337,11341,11352,11356],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11248,11249,11252,11254],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11250,11251],{"class":72},"user ",[66,11253,77],{"class":76},[66,11255,11256],{"class":102}," {\n",[66,11258,11259,11262,11264,11266,11268,11270,11273,11275],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11260,11261],{"class":80},"    \"",[66,11263,7423],{"class":84},[66,11265,113],{"class":80},[66,11267,1111],{"class":102},[66,11269,81],{"class":80},[66,11271,11272],{"class":84},"Maya",[66,11274,113],{"class":80},[66,11276,11277],{"class":102},",\n",[66,11279,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,11281,11261],{"class":80},[66,11283,9060],{"class":84},[66,11285,113],{"class":80},[66,11287,1111],{"class":102},[66,11289,9067],{"class":478},[66,11291,11277],{"class":102},[66,11293,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11307],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,11295,11261],{"class":80},[66,11297,10171],{"class":84},[66,11299,113],{"class":80},[66,11301,1111],{"class":102},[66,11303,81],{"class":80},[66,11305,11306],{"class":84},"Berlin",[66,11308,88],{"class":80},[66,11310,11311],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,11312,9070],{"class":102},[66,11314,11315],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,11316,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11318,11319,11321,11323,11325,11328,11330,11332,11335],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,11320,138],{"class":137},[66,11322,110],{"class":102},[66,11324,113],{"class":80},[66,11326,11327],{"class":84},"Before:",[66,11329,113],{"class":80},[66,11331,121],{"class":102},[66,11333,11334],{"class":106}," user",[66,11336,131],{"class":102},[66,11338,11339],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,11340,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11342,11343,11346,11348,11350],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,11344,11345],{"class":72},"user",[66,11347,103],{"class":102},[66,11349,11145],{"class":106},[66,11351,8402],{"class":102},[66,11353,11354],{"class":68,"line":6190},[66,11355,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11368,11370,11372,11374],{"class":68,"line":11358},11,[66,11360,138],{"class":137},[66,11362,110],{"class":102},[66,11364,113],{"class":80},[66,11366,11367],{"class":84},"After:",[66,11369,113],{"class":80},[66,11371,121],{"class":102},[66,11373,11334],{"class":106},[66,11375,131],{"class":102},[20,11377,5313],{},[57,11379,11381],{"className":59,"code":11380,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11382,11383,11436],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11384,11385,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11420,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11432,11434],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11386,11387],{"class":72},"Before",[66,11389,1111],{"class":102},[66,11391,10253],{"class":102},[66,11393,3044],{"class":80},[66,11395,7423],{"class":84},[66,11397,3044],{"class":80},[66,11399,1111],{"class":102},[66,11401,3039],{"class":80},[66,11403,11272],{"class":84},[66,11405,3044],{"class":80},[66,11407,121],{"class":102},[66,11409,3039],{"class":80},[66,11411,9060],{"class":84},[66,11413,3044],{"class":80},[66,11415,1111],{"class":102},[66,11417,9067],{"class":478},[66,11419,121],{"class":102},[66,11421,3039],{"class":80},[66,11423,10171],{"class":84},[66,11425,3044],{"class":80},[66,11427,1111],{"class":102},[66,11429,3039],{"class":80},[66,11431,11306],{"class":84},[66,11433,3044],{"class":80},[66,11435,9070],{"class":102},[66,11437,11438,11441,11443],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11439,11440],{"class":72},"After",[66,11442,1111],{"class":102},[66,11444,9600],{"class":102},[20,11446,11447],{},"What happens here:",[33,11449,11450,11455,11461],{},[36,11451,11452,11454],{},[15,11453,11345],{}," starts with three items",[36,11456,11457,11460],{},[15,11458,11459],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[36,11462,11463],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[52,11465,168,11467,904],{"id":11466},"what-clear-returns",[15,11468,11084],{},[20,11470,11471,2131,11473,103],{},[15,11472,11084],{},[15,11474,3528],{},[20,11476,11477],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[57,11479,11481],{"className":59,"code":11480,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11482,11483,11516,11520,11535,11539,11549],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11484,11485,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11486,11487],{"class":72},"my_dict ",[66,11489,77],{"class":76},[66,11491,10253],{"class":102},[66,11493,113],{"class":80},[66,11495,960],{"class":84},[66,11497,113],{"class":80},[66,11499,1111],{"class":102},[66,11501,479],{"class":478},[66,11503,121],{"class":102},[66,11505,81],{"class":80},[66,11507,969],{"class":84},[66,11509,113],{"class":80},[66,11511,1111],{"class":102},[66,11513,561],{"class":478},[66,11515,9070],{"class":102},[66,11517,11518],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11519,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11521,11522,11524,11526,11529,11531,11533],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,11523,447],{"class":72},[66,11525,77],{"class":76},[66,11527,11528],{"class":72}," my_dict",[66,11530,103],{"class":102},[66,11532,11145],{"class":106},[66,11534,8402],{"class":102},[66,11536,11537],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,11538,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11540,11541,11543,11545,11547],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,11542,138],{"class":137},[66,11544,110],{"class":102},[66,11546,494],{"class":106},[66,11548,131],{"class":102},[66,11550,11551,11553,11555,11557],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,11552,138],{"class":137},[66,11554,110],{"class":102},[66,11556,11212],{"class":106},[66,11558,131],{"class":102},[20,11560,148],{},[57,11562,11564],{"className":59,"code":11563,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n{}\n",[15,11565,11566,11571],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11567,11568],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11569,11570],{"class":3602},"None\n",[66,11572,11573],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11574,9196],{"class":102},[258,11576,11578],{"id":11577},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11580,11581,11582,11584],{},"Do ",[398,11583,4383],{}," do this:",[57,11586,11588],{"className":59,"code":11587,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11589,11590,11622,11636,11640],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11591,11592,11594,11596,11598,11600,11602,11604,11606,11608,11610,11612,11614,11616,11618,11620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11593,11487],{"class":72},[66,11595,77],{"class":76},[66,11597,10253],{"class":102},[66,11599,113],{"class":80},[66,11601,960],{"class":84},[66,11603,113],{"class":80},[66,11605,1111],{"class":102},[66,11607,479],{"class":478},[66,11609,121],{"class":102},[66,11611,81],{"class":80},[66,11613,969],{"class":84},[66,11615,113],{"class":80},[66,11617,1111],{"class":102},[66,11619,561],{"class":478},[66,11621,9070],{"class":102},[66,11623,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11625,11487],{"class":72},[66,11627,77],{"class":76},[66,11629,11528],{"class":72},[66,11631,103],{"class":102},[66,11633,11145],{"class":106},[66,11635,8402],{"class":102},[66,11637,11638],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,11639,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11641,11642,11644,11646,11648],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,11643,138],{"class":137},[66,11645,110],{"class":102},[66,11647,11212],{"class":106},[66,11649,131],{"class":102},[20,11651,148],{},[57,11653,11654],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,11655,11656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11657,11658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11659,11570],{"class":3602},[20,11661,11662],{},"Why this happens:",[33,11664,11665,11671,11676],{},[36,11666,11667,11670],{},[15,11668,11669],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[36,11672,11673,11674],{},"The method returns ",[15,11675,3528],{},[36,11677,11678,11679,11682,11683,11685],{},"Then ",[15,11680,11681],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11684,3528],{}," in the variable",[20,11687,11688,11689,11691],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11690,11084],{}," by itself:",[57,11693,11695],{"className":59,"code":11694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11696,11697,11729,11739,11743],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11698,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11700,11487],{"class":72},[66,11702,77],{"class":76},[66,11704,10253],{"class":102},[66,11706,113],{"class":80},[66,11708,960],{"class":84},[66,11710,113],{"class":80},[66,11712,1111],{"class":102},[66,11714,479],{"class":478},[66,11716,121],{"class":102},[66,11718,81],{"class":80},[66,11720,969],{"class":84},[66,11722,113],{"class":80},[66,11724,1111],{"class":102},[66,11726,561],{"class":478},[66,11728,9070],{"class":102},[66,11730,11731,11733,11735,11737],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11732,11212],{"class":72},[66,11734,103],{"class":102},[66,11736,11145],{"class":106},[66,11738,8402],{"class":102},[66,11740,11741],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,11742,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11744,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,11746,138],{"class":137},[66,11748,110],{"class":102},[66,11750,11212],{"class":106},[66,11752,3410],{"class":102},[66,11754,11160],{"class":3413},[52,11756,11758,11760],{"id":11757},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11759,11084],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11762,11763],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[57,11765,11766],{"className":59,"code":11205,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,11767,11768],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11769,11770,11772,11774,11776],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11771,11212],{"class":72},[66,11773,103],{"class":102},[66,11775,11145],{"class":106},[66,11777,8402],{"class":102},[57,11779,11781],{"className":59,"code":11780,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11782,11783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11784,11785,11787,11789],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11786,11487],{"class":72},[66,11788,77],{"class":76},[66,11790,9600],{"class":102},[258,11792,11793],{"id":11145},[15,11794,11084],{},[33,11796,11797,11800,11803],{},[36,11798,11799],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[36,11801,11802],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[36,11804,11805],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[258,11807,11808],{"id":11212},[15,11809,11810],{},"my_dict = {}",[33,11812,11813,11816,11819],{},[36,11814,11815],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[36,11817,11818],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[36,11820,11821],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11823,11824,11825,103],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[200,11826,11828],{"href":11827},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[52,11830,11832],{"id":11831},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11834,11835,11836,11838],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11837,11084],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[57,11840,11842],{"className":59,"code":11841,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11843,11844,11877,11887,11891,11902,11906,11926,11946],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11845,11846,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11847,11848],{"class":72},"original ",[66,11850,77],{"class":76},[66,11852,10253],{"class":102},[66,11854,113],{"class":80},[66,11856,200],{"class":84},[66,11858,113],{"class":80},[66,11860,1111],{"class":102},[66,11862,479],{"class":478},[66,11864,121],{"class":102},[66,11866,81],{"class":80},[66,11868,4514],{"class":84},[66,11870,113],{"class":80},[66,11872,1111],{"class":102},[66,11874,561],{"class":478},[66,11876,9070],{"class":102},[66,11878,11879,11882,11884],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11880,11881],{"class":72},"other_ref ",[66,11883,77],{"class":76},[66,11885,11886],{"class":72}," original\n",[66,11888,11889],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,11890,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11892,11893,11896,11898,11900],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,11894,11895],{"class":72},"original",[66,11897,103],{"class":102},[66,11899,11145],{"class":106},[66,11901,8402],{"class":102},[66,11903,11904],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,11905,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,11907,11908,11910,11912,11914,11917,11919,11921,11924],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,11909,138],{"class":137},[66,11911,110],{"class":102},[66,11913,113],{"class":80},[66,11915,11916],{"class":84},"original:",[66,11918,113],{"class":80},[66,11920,121],{"class":102},[66,11922,11923],{"class":106}," original",[66,11925,131],{"class":102},[66,11927,11928,11930,11932,11934,11937,11939,11941,11944],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,11929,138],{"class":137},[66,11931,110],{"class":102},[66,11933,113],{"class":80},[66,11935,11936],{"class":84},"other_ref:",[66,11938,113],{"class":80},[66,11940,121],{"class":102},[66,11942,11943],{"class":106}," other_ref",[66,11945,131],{"class":102},[66,11947,11948,11950,11952,11954,11957,11959],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,11949,138],{"class":137},[66,11951,110],{"class":102},[66,11953,11848],{"class":106},[66,11955,11956],{"class":3627},"is",[66,11958,11943],{"class":106},[66,11960,131],{"class":102},[20,11962,148],{},[57,11964,11966],{"className":59,"code":11965,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11967,11968,11976,11985],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11969,11970,11972,11974],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11971,11895],{"class":72},[66,11973,1111],{"class":102},[66,11975,9600],{"class":102},[66,11977,11978,11981,11983],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,11979,11980],{"class":72},"other_ref",[66,11982,1111],{"class":102},[66,11984,9600],{"class":102},[66,11986,11987],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,11988,3732],{"class":3602},[20,11990,11991],{},"This shows:",[33,11993,11994,12001,12006],{},[36,11995,11996,798,11998,12000],{},[15,11997,11895],{},[15,11999,11980],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[36,12002,12003,12005],{},[15,12004,11084],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[36,12007,12008],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12010,12011],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[57,12013,12015],{"className":59,"code":12014,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12016,12017,12049,12057,12061,12069,12073,12091,12109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12018,12019,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12020,11848],{"class":72},[66,12022,77],{"class":76},[66,12024,10253],{"class":102},[66,12026,113],{"class":80},[66,12028,200],{"class":84},[66,12030,113],{"class":80},[66,12032,1111],{"class":102},[66,12034,479],{"class":478},[66,12036,121],{"class":102},[66,12038,81],{"class":80},[66,12040,4514],{"class":84},[66,12042,113],{"class":80},[66,12044,1111],{"class":102},[66,12046,561],{"class":478},[66,12048,9070],{"class":102},[66,12050,12051,12053,12055],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,12052,11881],{"class":72},[66,12054,77],{"class":76},[66,12056,11886],{"class":72},[66,12058,12059],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,12060,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,12062,12063,12065,12067],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,12064,11848],{"class":72},[66,12066,77],{"class":76},[66,12068,9600],{"class":102},[66,12070,12071],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,12072,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,12074,12075,12077,12079,12081,12083,12085,12087,12089],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,12076,138],{"class":137},[66,12078,110],{"class":102},[66,12080,113],{"class":80},[66,12082,11916],{"class":84},[66,12084,113],{"class":80},[66,12086,121],{"class":102},[66,12088,11923],{"class":106},[66,12090,131],{"class":102},[66,12092,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,12094,138],{"class":137},[66,12096,110],{"class":102},[66,12098,113],{"class":80},[66,12100,11936],{"class":84},[66,12102,113],{"class":80},[66,12104,121],{"class":102},[66,12106,11943],{"class":106},[66,12108,131],{"class":102},[66,12110,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,12112,138],{"class":137},[66,12114,110],{"class":102},[66,12116,11848],{"class":106},[66,12118,11956],{"class":3627},[66,12120,11943],{"class":106},[66,12122,131],{"class":102},[20,12124,148],{},[57,12126,12128],{"className":59,"code":12127,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12129,12130,12138,12170],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12131,12132,12134,12136],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12133,11895],{"class":72},[66,12135,1111],{"class":102},[66,12137,9600],{"class":102},[66,12139,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,12141,11980],{"class":72},[66,12143,1111],{"class":102},[66,12145,10253],{"class":102},[66,12147,3044],{"class":80},[66,12149,200],{"class":84},[66,12151,3044],{"class":80},[66,12153,1111],{"class":102},[66,12155,479],{"class":478},[66,12157,121],{"class":102},[66,12159,3039],{"class":80},[66,12161,4514],{"class":84},[66,12163,3044],{"class":80},[66,12165,1111],{"class":102},[66,12167,561],{"class":478},[66,12169,9070],{"class":102},[66,12171,12172],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,12173,3793],{"class":3602},[20,12175,1912],{},[33,12177,12178,12184],{},[36,12179,12180,12183],{},[15,12181,12182],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[36,12185,12186,12188],{},[15,12187,11980],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12190,12191,12192,103],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[200,12193,12195],{"href":12194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12196,12197],{},"dict.copy()",[52,12199,4715,12201],{"id":12200},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12202,11084],{},[20,12204,12205,12207],{},[15,12206,11084],{}," is useful when you want to:",[33,12209,12210,12213,12216],{},[36,12211,12212],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[36,12214,12215],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[36,12217,12218],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12220,923],{},[57,12222,12224],{"className":59,"code":12223,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12225,12226,12235,12251,12271,12284,12288,12292,12297,12308,12312],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12227,12228,12231,12233],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12229,12230],{"class":72},"session_data ",[66,12232,77],{"class":76},[66,12234,11256],{"class":102},[66,12236,12237,12239,12242,12244,12246,12249],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,12238,11261],{"class":80},[66,12240,12241],{"class":84},"user_id",[66,12243,113],{"class":80},[66,12245,1111],{"class":102},[66,12247,12248],{"class":478}," 101",[66,12250,11277],{"class":102},[66,12252,12253,12255,12258,12260,12262,12264,12267,12269],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,12254,11261],{"class":80},[66,12256,12257],{"class":84},"theme",[66,12259,113],{"class":80},[66,12261,1111],{"class":102},[66,12263,81],{"class":80},[66,12265,12266],{"class":84},"dark",[66,12268,113],{"class":80},[66,12270,11277],{"class":102},[66,12272,12273,12275,12278,12280,12282],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,12274,11261],{"class":80},[66,12276,12277],{"class":84},"logged_in",[66,12279,113],{"class":80},[66,12281,1111],{"class":102},[66,12283,6176],{"class":3602},[66,12285,12286],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,12287,9070],{"class":102},[66,12289,12290],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,12291,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,12293,12294],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,12295,12296],{"class":3413},"# Reset for a new session\n",[66,12298,12299,12302,12304,12306],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,12300,12301],{"class":72},"session_data",[66,12303,103],{"class":102},[66,12305,11145],{"class":106},[66,12307,8402],{"class":102},[66,12309,12310],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,12311,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,12313,12314,12316,12318,12320,12322],{"class":68,"line":6190},[66,12315,138],{"class":137},[66,12317,110],{"class":102},[66,12319,12301],{"class":106},[66,12321,3410],{"class":102},[66,12323,11160],{"class":3413},[20,12325,12326,12327,12333,12334,103,12338,12340,12341,103],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[200,12328,12330],{"href":12329},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12331,12332],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[200,12335,12337],{"href":12336},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9608,12339],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[200,12342,12344],{"href":12343},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12345,12346],{},"dict.popitem()",[52,12348,2568],{"id":2567},[20,12350,10510,12351,1111],{},[15,12352,11084],{},[33,12354,12355,12361,12366,12369],{},[36,12356,12357,12358,12360],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12359,11084],{}," to a variable",[36,12362,1119,12363,12365],{},[15,12364,11084],{}," to return a new dictionary",[36,12367,12368],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[36,12370,12371],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12373,12374],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[57,12376,12378],{"className":59,"code":12377,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12379,12380,12390,12404,12419],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12381,12382,12384,12386,12388],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12383,138],{"class":137},[66,12385,110],{"class":102},[66,12387,11212],{"class":106},[66,12389,131],{"class":102},[66,12391,12392,12394,12396,12398,12400,12402],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,12393,138],{"class":137},[66,12395,110],{"class":102},[66,12397,2964],{"class":2641},[66,12399,110],{"class":102},[66,12401,11212],{"class":106},[66,12403,1330],{"class":102},[66,12405,12406,12408,12410,12413,12415,12417],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,12407,138],{"class":137},[66,12409,110],{"class":102},[66,12411,12412],{"class":137},"id",[66,12414,110],{"class":102},[66,12416,11212],{"class":106},[66,12418,1330],{"class":102},[66,12420,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,12422,138],{"class":137},[66,12424,110],{"class":102},[66,12426,11881],{"class":106},[66,12428,11956],{"class":3627},[66,12430,11528],{"class":106},[66,12432,131],{"class":102},[20,12434,12435],{},"What these show:",[33,12437,12438,12444,12450,12456],{},[36,12439,12440,12443],{},[15,12441,12442],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[36,12445,12446,12449],{},[15,12447,12448],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[36,12451,12452,12455],{},[15,12453,12454],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[36,12457,12458,12461],{},[15,12459,12460],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[52,12463,1518],{"id":1517},[258,12465,1522,12467,12469],{"id":12466},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12468,11084],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12471,12472],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[258,12474,4897,12476,12478],{"id":12475},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12477,11089],{}," return?",[20,12480,4903,12481,103],{},[15,12482,3528],{},[258,12484,4934,12486,798,12488,2228],{"id":12485},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12487,11084],{},[15,12489,3542],{},[20,12491,12492,12494,12495,12497],{},[15,12493,11084],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12496,3542],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[258,12499,1522,12501,12503],{"id":12500},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12502,11084],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12505,12506],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[52,12508,1620],{"id":1619},[33,12510,12511,12515,12519,12526,12533,12540,12545],{},[36,12512,12513],{},[200,12514,8916],{"href":8915},[36,12516,12517],{},[200,12518,11005],{"href":9152},[36,12520,12521],{},[200,12522,10500,12523,774],{"href":12329},[15,12524,12525],{},"pop()",[36,12527,12528],{},[200,12529,10500,12530,774],{"href":12343},[15,12531,12532],{},"popitem()",[36,12534,12535],{},[200,12536,10500,12537,774],{"href":12194},[15,12538,12539],{},"copy()",[36,12541,12542],{},[200,12543,12544],{"href":11827},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,12546,12547],{},[200,12548,12549],{"href":12336},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1651,12551,12552],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":12554},[12555,12556,12558,12559,12560,12564,12569,12570,12572,12573,12583],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":11168,"depth":91,"text":12557},"What clear() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":11466,"depth":91,"text":12561,"children":12562},"What clear() returns",[12563],{"id":11577,"depth":134,"text":11578},{"id":11757,"depth":91,"text":12565,"children":12566},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12567,12568],{"id":11145,"depth":134,"text":11084},{"id":11212,"depth":134,"text":11810},{"id":11831,"depth":91,"text":11832},{"id":12200,"depth":91,"text":12571},"When to use clear()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":12574},[12575,12577,12579,12581],{"id":12466,"depth":134,"text":12576},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12475,"depth":134,"text":12578},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12485,"depth":134,"text":12580},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12500,"depth":134,"text":12582},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11075,"description":12584},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12591,"title":12592,"body":12593,"description":14758,"extension":1694,"meta":14759,"navigation":338,"path":14760,"seo":14761,"stem":14762,"__hash__":14763},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12594,"toc":14730},[12595,12600,12605,12615,12617,12706,12710,12751,12756,12763,12781,12790,12792,12813,12815,12827,12829,12906,12910,12951,12953,12956,13084,13088,13168,13171,13189,13192,13196,13202,13204,13215,13217,13412,13416,13522,13525,13543,13546,13553,13558,13562,13576,13578,13705,13709,13789,13802,13808,13811,13819,13823,13949,13953,14027,14032,14163,14167,14241,14244,14258,14262,14266,14280,14282,14418,14422,14491,14493,14498,14520,14523,14630,14633,14644,14651,14653,14659,14662,14668,14671,14678,14686,14690,14693,14695,14727],[10,12596,11081,12598,18],{"id":12597},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12599,12539],{},[20,12601,12602,12604],{},[15,12603,12197],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12606,12607,12608,12610,12611,12614],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12609,12539],{}," makes a ",[398,12612,12613],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[52,12616,55],{"id":54},[57,12618,12620],{"className":59,"code":12619,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12621,12622,12660,12677,12681,12692],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12623,12624,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12641,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12625,12626],{"class":72},"student ",[66,12628,77],{"class":76},[66,12630,10253],{"class":102},[66,12632,113],{"class":80},[66,12634,7423],{"class":84},[66,12636,113],{"class":80},[66,12638,1111],{"class":102},[66,12640,81],{"class":80},[66,12642,12643],{"class":84},"Ana",[66,12645,113],{"class":80},[66,12647,121],{"class":102},[66,12649,81],{"class":80},[66,12651,9060],{"class":84},[66,12653,113],{"class":80},[66,12655,1111],{"class":102},[66,12657,7546],{"class":478},[66,12659,9070],{"class":102},[66,12661,12662,12665,12667,12670,12672,12675],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,12663,12664],{"class":72},"student_copy ",[66,12666,77],{"class":76},[66,12668,12669],{"class":72}," student",[66,12671,103],{"class":102},[66,12673,12674],{"class":106},"copy",[66,12676,8402],{"class":102},[66,12678,12679],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,12680,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,12682,12683,12685,12687,12690],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,12684,138],{"class":137},[66,12686,110],{"class":102},[66,12688,12689],{"class":106},"student_copy",[66,12691,131],{"class":102},[66,12693,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,12695,138],{"class":137},[66,12697,110],{"class":102},[66,12699,12664],{"class":106},[66,12701,11956],{"class":3627},[66,12703,12669],{"class":106},[66,12705,131],{"class":102},[20,12707,12708],{},[398,12709,148],{},[57,12711,12713],{"className":59,"code":12712,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12714,12715,12747],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12716,12717,12719,12721,12723,12725,12727,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12718,9039],{"class":102},[66,12720,3044],{"class":80},[66,12722,7423],{"class":84},[66,12724,3044],{"class":80},[66,12726,1111],{"class":102},[66,12728,3039],{"class":80},[66,12730,12643],{"class":84},[66,12732,3044],{"class":80},[66,12734,121],{"class":102},[66,12736,3039],{"class":80},[66,12738,9060],{"class":84},[66,12740,3044],{"class":80},[66,12742,1111],{"class":102},[66,12744,7546],{"class":478},[66,12746,9070],{"class":102},[66,12748,12749],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,12750,3793],{"class":3602},[20,12752,160,12753,12755],{},[15,12754,12539],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[52,12757,12759,12760,12762],{"id":12758},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12761,12539],{}," method does",[33,12764,12765,12770,12773,12778],{},[36,12766,12767,12769],{},[15,12768,12197],{}," returns a new dictionary",[36,12771,12772],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[36,12774,12775,12776],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12777,12539],{},[36,12779,12780],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12782,12783,12784,2617,12787,103],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[200,12785,8916],{"href":12786},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[200,12788,9153],{"href":12789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[52,12791,1891],{"id":1890},[57,12793,12795],{"className":59,"code":12794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12796,12797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12798,12799,12802,12804,12807,12809,12811],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12800,12801],{"class":72},"new_dict ",[66,12803,77],{"class":76},[66,12805,12806],{"class":72}," old_dict",[66,12808,103],{"class":102},[66,12810,12674],{"class":106},[66,12812,8402],{"class":102},[20,12814,178],{},[33,12816,12817,12821,12824],{},[36,12818,12819,11228],{},[15,12820,12539],{},[36,12822,12823],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[36,12825,12826],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12828,923],{},[57,12830,12832],{"className":59,"code":12831,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12833,12834,12875,12891,12895],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12835,12836,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12837,12838],{"class":72},"colors ",[66,12840,77],{"class":76},[66,12842,10253],{"class":102},[66,12844,113],{"class":80},[66,12846,200],{"class":84},[66,12848,113],{"class":80},[66,12850,1111],{"class":102},[66,12852,81],{"class":80},[66,12854,1392],{"class":84},[66,12856,113],{"class":80},[66,12858,121],{"class":102},[66,12860,81],{"class":80},[66,12862,4514],{"class":84},[66,12864,113],{"class":80},[66,12866,1111],{"class":102},[66,12868,81],{"class":80},[66,12870,1401],{"class":84},[66,12872,113],{"class":80},[66,12874,9070],{"class":102},[66,12876,12877,12880,12882,12885,12887,12889],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,12878,12879],{"class":72},"new_colors ",[66,12881,77],{"class":76},[66,12883,12884],{"class":72}," colors",[66,12886,103],{"class":102},[66,12888,12674],{"class":106},[66,12890,8402],{"class":102},[66,12892,12893],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,12894,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,12896,12897,12899,12901,12904],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,12898,138],{"class":137},[66,12900,110],{"class":102},[66,12902,12903],{"class":106},"new_colors",[66,12905,131],{"class":102},[20,12907,12908],{},[398,12909,148],{},[57,12911,12913],{"className":59,"code":12912,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12914,12915],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12916,12917,12919,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12918,9039],{"class":102},[66,12920,3044],{"class":80},[66,12922,200],{"class":84},[66,12924,3044],{"class":80},[66,12926,1111],{"class":102},[66,12928,3039],{"class":80},[66,12930,1392],{"class":84},[66,12932,3044],{"class":80},[66,12934,121],{"class":102},[66,12936,3039],{"class":80},[66,12938,4514],{"class":84},[66,12940,3044],{"class":80},[66,12942,1111],{"class":102},[66,12944,3039],{"class":80},[66,12946,1401],{"class":84},[66,12948,3044],{"class":80},[66,12950,9070],{"class":102},[52,12952,11238],{"id":11237},[20,12954,12955],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[57,12957,12959],{"className":59,"code":12958,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12960,12961,12999,13015,13019,13041,13045,13064],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12962,12963,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12964,12965],{"class":72},"person ",[66,12967,77],{"class":76},[66,12969,10253],{"class":102},[66,12971,113],{"class":80},[66,12973,7423],{"class":84},[66,12975,113],{"class":80},[66,12977,1111],{"class":102},[66,12979,81],{"class":80},[66,12981,12982],{"class":84},"Liam",[66,12984,113],{"class":80},[66,12986,121],{"class":102},[66,12988,81],{"class":80},[66,12990,9060],{"class":84},[66,12992,113],{"class":80},[66,12994,1111],{"class":102},[66,12996,9067],{"class":478},[66,12998,9070],{"class":102},[66,13000,13001,13004,13006,13009,13011,13013],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13002,13003],{"class":72},"person_copy ",[66,13005,77],{"class":76},[66,13007,13008],{"class":72}," person",[66,13010,103],{"class":102},[66,13012,12674],{"class":106},[66,13014,8402],{"class":102},[66,13016,13017],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,13018,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13020,13021,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13035,13038],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,13022,13023],{"class":72},"person_copy",[66,13025,3652],{"class":102},[66,13027,113],{"class":80},[66,13029,9060],{"class":84},[66,13031,113],{"class":80},[66,13033,13034],{"class":102},"]",[66,13036,13037],{"class":76}," =",[66,13039,13040],{"class":478}," 26\n",[66,13042,13043],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,13044,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13046,13047,13049,13051,13053,13056,13058,13060,13062],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,13048,138],{"class":137},[66,13050,110],{"class":102},[66,13052,113],{"class":80},[66,13054,13055],{"class":84},"Original:",[66,13057,113],{"class":80},[66,13059,121],{"class":102},[66,13061,13008],{"class":106},[66,13063,131],{"class":102},[66,13065,13066,13068,13070,13072,13075,13077,13079,13082],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,13067,138],{"class":137},[66,13069,110],{"class":102},[66,13071,113],{"class":80},[66,13073,13074],{"class":84},"Copy:",[66,13076,113],{"class":80},[66,13078,121],{"class":102},[66,13080,13081],{"class":106}," person_copy",[66,13083,131],{"class":102},[20,13085,13086],{},[398,13087,148],{},[57,13089,13091],{"className":59,"code":13090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13092,13093,13130],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13094,13095,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13096,13097],{"class":72},"Original",[66,13099,1111],{"class":102},[66,13101,10253],{"class":102},[66,13103,3044],{"class":80},[66,13105,7423],{"class":84},[66,13107,3044],{"class":80},[66,13109,1111],{"class":102},[66,13111,3039],{"class":80},[66,13113,12982],{"class":84},[66,13115,3044],{"class":80},[66,13117,121],{"class":102},[66,13119,3039],{"class":80},[66,13121,9060],{"class":84},[66,13123,3044],{"class":80},[66,13125,1111],{"class":102},[66,13127,9067],{"class":478},[66,13129,9070],{"class":102},[66,13131,13132,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13166],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13133,13134],{"class":72},"Copy",[66,13136,1111],{"class":102},[66,13138,10253],{"class":102},[66,13140,3044],{"class":80},[66,13142,7423],{"class":84},[66,13144,3044],{"class":80},[66,13146,1111],{"class":102},[66,13148,3039],{"class":80},[66,13150,12982],{"class":84},[66,13152,3044],{"class":80},[66,13154,121],{"class":102},[66,13156,3039],{"class":80},[66,13158,9060],{"class":84},[66,13160,3044],{"class":80},[66,13162,1111],{"class":102},[66,13164,13165],{"class":478}," 26",[66,13167,9070],{"class":102},[20,13169,13170],{},"What happened here:",[33,13172,13173,13179,13186],{},[36,13174,13175,13178],{},[15,13176,13177],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[36,13180,13181,13182,13185],{},"Changing ",[15,13183,13184],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[36,13187,13188],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13190,13191],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[52,13193,13195],{"id":13194},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13197,13198,12610,13200,103],{},[15,13199,12539],{},[398,13201,12613],{},[20,13203,1839],{},[33,13205,13206,13209,13212],{},[36,13207,13208],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[36,13210,13211],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[36,13213,13214],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13216,923],{},[57,13218,13220],{"className":59,"code":13219,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13221,13222,13230,13248,13271,13275,13279,13293,13297,13322,13326,13344,13363,13378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13223,13224,13226,13228],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13225,12626],{"class":72},[66,13227,77],{"class":76},[66,13229,11256],{"class":102},[66,13231,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13233,11261],{"class":80},[66,13235,7423],{"class":84},[66,13237,113],{"class":80},[66,13239,1111],{"class":102},[66,13241,81],{"class":80},[66,13243,12643],{"class":84},[66,13245,113],{"class":80},[66,13247,11277],{"class":102},[66,13249,13250,13252,13255,13257,13259,13261,13264,13266,13269],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,13251,11261],{"class":80},[66,13253,13254],{"class":84},"grades",[66,13256,113],{"class":80},[66,13258,1111],{"class":102},[66,13260,3370],{"class":102},[66,13262,13263],{"class":478},"90",[66,13265,121],{"class":102},[66,13267,13268],{"class":478}," 85",[66,13270,3383],{"class":102},[66,13272,13273],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,13274,9070],{"class":102},[66,13276,13277],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,13278,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13280,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,13282,12664],{"class":72},[66,13284,77],{"class":76},[66,13286,12669],{"class":72},[66,13288,103],{"class":102},[66,13290,12674],{"class":106},[66,13292,8402],{"class":102},[66,13294,13295],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,13296,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13298,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13312,13315,13317,13320],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,13300,12689],{"class":72},[66,13302,3652],{"class":102},[66,13304,113],{"class":80},[66,13306,13254],{"class":84},[66,13308,113],{"class":80},[66,13310,13311],{"class":102},"].",[66,13313,13314],{"class":106},"append",[66,13316,110],{"class":102},[66,13318,13319],{"class":478},"100",[66,13321,131],{"class":102},[66,13323,13324],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,13325,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13327,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342],{"class":68,"line":6190},[66,13329,138],{"class":137},[66,13331,110],{"class":102},[66,13333,113],{"class":80},[66,13335,13055],{"class":84},[66,13337,113],{"class":80},[66,13339,121],{"class":102},[66,13341,12669],{"class":106},[66,13343,131],{"class":102},[66,13345,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13361],{"class":68,"line":11358},[66,13347,138],{"class":137},[66,13349,110],{"class":102},[66,13351,113],{"class":80},[66,13353,13074],{"class":84},[66,13355,113],{"class":80},[66,13357,121],{"class":102},[66,13359,13360],{"class":106}," student_copy",[66,13362,131],{"class":102},[66,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376],{"class":68,"line":13365},12,[66,13367,138],{"class":137},[66,13369,110],{"class":102},[66,13371,12626],{"class":106},[66,13373,11956],{"class":3627},[66,13375,13360],{"class":106},[66,13377,131],{"class":102},[66,13379,13381,13383,13385,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410],{"class":68,"line":13380},13,[66,13382,138],{"class":137},[66,13384,110],{"class":102},[66,13386,13387],{"class":106},"student",[66,13389,3652],{"class":102},[66,13391,113],{"class":80},[66,13393,13254],{"class":84},[66,13395,113],{"class":80},[66,13397,13034],{"class":102},[66,13399,7854],{"class":3627},[66,13401,13360],{"class":106},[66,13403,3652],{"class":102},[66,13405,113],{"class":80},[66,13407,13254],{"class":84},[66,13409,113],{"class":80},[66,13411,3640],{"class":102},[20,13413,13414],{},[398,13415,148],{},[57,13417,13419],{"className":59,"code":13418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13420,13421,13468,13514,13518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13422,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13424,13097],{"class":72},[66,13426,1111],{"class":102},[66,13428,10253],{"class":102},[66,13430,3044],{"class":80},[66,13432,7423],{"class":84},[66,13434,3044],{"class":80},[66,13436,1111],{"class":102},[66,13438,3039],{"class":80},[66,13440,12643],{"class":84},[66,13442,3044],{"class":80},[66,13444,121],{"class":102},[66,13446,3039],{"class":80},[66,13448,13254],{"class":84},[66,13450,3044],{"class":80},[66,13452,1111],{"class":102},[66,13454,3370],{"class":102},[66,13456,13263],{"class":478},[66,13458,121],{"class":102},[66,13460,13268],{"class":478},[66,13462,121],{"class":102},[66,13464,9880],{"class":478},[66,13466,13467],{"class":102},"]}\n",[66,13469,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13471,13134],{"class":72},[66,13473,1111],{"class":102},[66,13475,10253],{"class":102},[66,13477,3044],{"class":80},[66,13479,7423],{"class":84},[66,13481,3044],{"class":80},[66,13483,1111],{"class":102},[66,13485,3039],{"class":80},[66,13487,12643],{"class":84},[66,13489,3044],{"class":80},[66,13491,121],{"class":102},[66,13493,3039],{"class":80},[66,13495,13254],{"class":84},[66,13497,3044],{"class":80},[66,13499,1111],{"class":102},[66,13501,3370],{"class":102},[66,13503,13263],{"class":478},[66,13505,121],{"class":102},[66,13507,13268],{"class":478},[66,13509,121],{"class":102},[66,13511,9880],{"class":478},[66,13513,13467],{"class":102},[66,13515,13516],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,13517,3793],{"class":3602},[66,13519,13520],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,13521,3732],{"class":3602},[20,13523,13524],{},"Notice the difference:",[33,13526,13527,13535],{},[36,13528,13529,4537,13532,13534],{},[15,13530,13531],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13533,3424],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[36,13536,13537,4537,13540,13542],{},[15,13538,13539],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13541,3350],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13544,13545],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13547,13548,13549,103],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[200,13550,13552],{"href":13551},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[52,13554,4715,13556],{"id":13555},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13557,12539],{},[20,13559,160,13560,10364],{},[15,13561,12539],{},[33,13563,13564,13567,13570,13573],{},[36,13565,13566],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[36,13568,13569],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[36,13571,13572],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[36,13574,13575],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13577,923],{},[57,13579,13581],{"className":59,"code":13580,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13582,13583,13622,13638,13642,13662,13666,13685],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13584,13585,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13613,13615,13617,13620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13586,13587],{"class":72},"settings ",[66,13589,77],{"class":76},[66,13591,10253],{"class":102},[66,13593,113],{"class":80},[66,13595,12257],{"class":84},[66,13597,113],{"class":80},[66,13599,1111],{"class":102},[66,13601,81],{"class":80},[66,13603,12266],{"class":84},[66,13605,113],{"class":80},[66,13607,121],{"class":102},[66,13609,81],{"class":80},[66,13611,13612],{"class":84},"font_size",[66,13614,113],{"class":80},[66,13616,1111],{"class":102},[66,13618,13619],{"class":478}," 14",[66,13621,9070],{"class":102},[66,13623,13624,13627,13629,13632,13634,13636],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13625,13626],{"class":72},"settings_backup ",[66,13628,77],{"class":76},[66,13630,13631],{"class":72}," settings",[66,13633,103],{"class":102},[66,13635,12674],{"class":106},[66,13637,8402],{"class":102},[66,13639,13640],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,13641,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13643,13644,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,13645,13646],{"class":72},"settings",[66,13648,3652],{"class":102},[66,13650,113],{"class":80},[66,13652,13612],{"class":84},[66,13654,113],{"class":80},[66,13656,13034],{"class":102},[66,13658,13037],{"class":76},[66,13660,13661],{"class":478}," 16\n",[66,13663,13664],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,13665,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13667,13668,13670,13672,13674,13677,13679,13681,13683],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,13669,138],{"class":137},[66,13671,110],{"class":102},[66,13673,113],{"class":80},[66,13675,13676],{"class":84},"Current:",[66,13678,113],{"class":80},[66,13680,121],{"class":102},[66,13682,13631],{"class":106},[66,13684,131],{"class":102},[66,13686,13687,13689,13691,13693,13696,13698,13700,13703],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,13688,138],{"class":137},[66,13690,110],{"class":102},[66,13692,113],{"class":80},[66,13694,13695],{"class":84},"Backup:",[66,13697,113],{"class":80},[66,13699,121],{"class":102},[66,13701,13702],{"class":106}," settings_backup",[66,13704,131],{"class":102},[20,13706,13707],{},[398,13708,148],{},[57,13710,13712],{"className":59,"code":13711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13713,13714,13752],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13715,13716,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13750],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13717,13718],{"class":72},"Current",[66,13720,1111],{"class":102},[66,13722,10253],{"class":102},[66,13724,3044],{"class":80},[66,13726,12257],{"class":84},[66,13728,3044],{"class":80},[66,13730,1111],{"class":102},[66,13732,3039],{"class":80},[66,13734,12266],{"class":84},[66,13736,3044],{"class":80},[66,13738,121],{"class":102},[66,13740,3039],{"class":80},[66,13742,13612],{"class":84},[66,13744,3044],{"class":80},[66,13746,1111],{"class":102},[66,13748,13749],{"class":478}," 16",[66,13751,9070],{"class":102},[66,13753,13754,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13755,13756],{"class":72},"Backup",[66,13758,1111],{"class":102},[66,13760,10253],{"class":102},[66,13762,3044],{"class":80},[66,13764,12257],{"class":84},[66,13766,3044],{"class":80},[66,13768,1111],{"class":102},[66,13770,3039],{"class":80},[66,13772,12266],{"class":84},[66,13774,3044],{"class":80},[66,13776,121],{"class":102},[66,13778,3039],{"class":80},[66,13780,13612],{"class":84},[66,13782,3044],{"class":80},[66,13784,1111],{"class":102},[66,13786,13619],{"class":478},[66,13788,9070],{"class":102},[20,13790,13791,13792,2617,13798,103],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[200,13793,13795],{"href":13794},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13796,13797],{},"dict.update()",[200,13799,13800],{"href":12586},[15,13801,11089],{},[52,13803,13805,13807],{"id":13804},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13806,12539],{}," vs assignment",[20,13809,13810],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13812,8176,13813,13815,13816,13818],{},[15,13814,77],{}," does ",[398,13817,4383],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[258,13820,13822],{"id":13821},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[57,13824,13826],{"className":59,"code":13825,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13827,13828,13860,13869,13873,13893,13897,13915,13935],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13829,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13831,11848],{"class":72},[66,13833,77],{"class":76},[66,13835,10253],{"class":102},[66,13837,113],{"class":80},[66,13839,960],{"class":84},[66,13841,113],{"class":80},[66,13843,1111],{"class":102},[66,13845,479],{"class":478},[66,13847,121],{"class":102},[66,13849,81],{"class":80},[66,13851,969],{"class":84},[66,13853,113],{"class":80},[66,13855,1111],{"class":102},[66,13857,561],{"class":478},[66,13859,9070],{"class":102},[66,13861,13862,13865,13867],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13863,13864],{"class":72},"assigned ",[66,13866,77],{"class":76},[66,13868,11886],{"class":72},[66,13870,13871],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,13872,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13874,13875,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,13876,13877],{"class":72},"assigned",[66,13879,3652],{"class":102},[66,13881,113],{"class":80},[66,13883,960],{"class":84},[66,13885,113],{"class":80},[66,13887,13034],{"class":102},[66,13889,13037],{"class":76},[66,13891,13892],{"class":478}," 99\n",[66,13894,13895],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,13896,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,13898,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,13900,138],{"class":137},[66,13902,110],{"class":102},[66,13904,113],{"class":80},[66,13906,13055],{"class":84},[66,13908,113],{"class":80},[66,13910,121],{"class":102},[66,13912,11923],{"class":106},[66,13914,131],{"class":102},[66,13916,13917,13919,13921,13923,13926,13928,13930,13933],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,13918,138],{"class":137},[66,13920,110],{"class":102},[66,13922,113],{"class":80},[66,13924,13925],{"class":84},"Assigned:",[66,13927,113],{"class":80},[66,13929,121],{"class":102},[66,13931,13932],{"class":106}," assigned",[66,13934,131],{"class":102},[66,13936,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,13938,138],{"class":137},[66,13940,110],{"class":102},[66,13942,11848],{"class":106},[66,13944,11956],{"class":3627},[66,13946,13932],{"class":106},[66,13948,131],{"class":102},[20,13950,13951],{},[398,13952,148],{},[57,13954,13956],{"className":59,"code":13955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13957,13958,13990,14023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13959,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13961,13097],{"class":72},[66,13963,1111],{"class":102},[66,13965,10253],{"class":102},[66,13967,3044],{"class":80},[66,13969,960],{"class":84},[66,13971,3044],{"class":80},[66,13973,1111],{"class":102},[66,13975,9959],{"class":478},[66,13977,121],{"class":102},[66,13979,3039],{"class":80},[66,13981,969],{"class":84},[66,13983,3044],{"class":80},[66,13985,1111],{"class":102},[66,13987,561],{"class":478},[66,13989,9070],{"class":102},[66,13991,13992,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,13993,13994],{"class":72},"Assigned",[66,13996,1111],{"class":102},[66,13998,10253],{"class":102},[66,14000,3044],{"class":80},[66,14002,960],{"class":84},[66,14004,3044],{"class":80},[66,14006,1111],{"class":102},[66,14008,9959],{"class":478},[66,14010,121],{"class":102},[66,14012,3039],{"class":80},[66,14014,969],{"class":84},[66,14016,3044],{"class":80},[66,14018,1111],{"class":102},[66,14020,561],{"class":478},[66,14022,9070],{"class":102},[66,14024,14025],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,14026,3732],{"class":3602},[258,14028,8176,14030],{"id":14029},"using-copy",[15,14031,12539],{},[57,14033,14035],{"className":59,"code":14034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14036,14037,14069,14084,14088,14107,14111,14129,14149],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14038,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14040,11848],{"class":72},[66,14042,77],{"class":76},[66,14044,10253],{"class":102},[66,14046,113],{"class":80},[66,14048,960],{"class":84},[66,14050,113],{"class":80},[66,14052,1111],{"class":102},[66,14054,479],{"class":478},[66,14056,121],{"class":102},[66,14058,81],{"class":80},[66,14060,969],{"class":84},[66,14062,113],{"class":80},[66,14064,1111],{"class":102},[66,14066,561],{"class":478},[66,14068,9070],{"class":102},[66,14070,14071,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,14072,14073],{"class":72},"copied ",[66,14075,77],{"class":76},[66,14077,11923],{"class":72},[66,14079,103],{"class":102},[66,14081,12674],{"class":106},[66,14083,8402],{"class":102},[66,14085,14086],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,14087,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,14089,14090,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,14091,14092],{"class":72},"copied",[66,14094,3652],{"class":102},[66,14096,113],{"class":80},[66,14098,960],{"class":84},[66,14100,113],{"class":80},[66,14102,13034],{"class":102},[66,14104,13037],{"class":76},[66,14106,13892],{"class":478},[66,14108,14109],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,14110,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,14112,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,14114,138],{"class":137},[66,14116,110],{"class":102},[66,14118,113],{"class":80},[66,14120,13055],{"class":84},[66,14122,113],{"class":80},[66,14124,121],{"class":102},[66,14126,11923],{"class":106},[66,14128,131],{"class":102},[66,14130,14131,14133,14135,14137,14140,14142,14144,14147],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,14132,138],{"class":137},[66,14134,110],{"class":102},[66,14136,113],{"class":80},[66,14138,14139],{"class":84},"Copied:",[66,14141,113],{"class":80},[66,14143,121],{"class":102},[66,14145,14146],{"class":106}," copied",[66,14148,131],{"class":102},[66,14150,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,14152,138],{"class":137},[66,14154,110],{"class":102},[66,14156,11848],{"class":106},[66,14158,11956],{"class":3627},[66,14160,14146],{"class":106},[66,14162,131],{"class":102},[20,14164,14165],{},[398,14166,148],{},[57,14168,14170],{"className":59,"code":14169,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14171,14172,14204,14237],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14173,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14175,13097],{"class":72},[66,14177,1111],{"class":102},[66,14179,10253],{"class":102},[66,14181,3044],{"class":80},[66,14183,960],{"class":84},[66,14185,3044],{"class":80},[66,14187,1111],{"class":102},[66,14189,479],{"class":478},[66,14191,121],{"class":102},[66,14193,3039],{"class":80},[66,14195,969],{"class":84},[66,14197,3044],{"class":80},[66,14199,1111],{"class":102},[66,14201,561],{"class":478},[66,14203,9070],{"class":102},[66,14205,14206,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,14207,14208],{"class":72},"Copied",[66,14210,1111],{"class":102},[66,14212,10253],{"class":102},[66,14214,3044],{"class":80},[66,14216,960],{"class":84},[66,14218,3044],{"class":80},[66,14220,1111],{"class":102},[66,14222,9959],{"class":478},[66,14224,121],{"class":102},[66,14226,3039],{"class":80},[66,14228,969],{"class":84},[66,14230,3044],{"class":80},[66,14232,1111],{"class":102},[66,14234,561],{"class":478},[66,14236,9070],{"class":102},[66,14238,14239],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,14240,3793],{"class":3602},[20,14242,14243],{},"Summary:",[33,14245,14246,14252],{},[36,14247,14248,14251],{},[15,14249,14250],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[36,14253,14254,14257],{},[15,14255,14256],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[52,14259,14261],{"id":14260},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14263,14264,1111],{},[15,14265,12539],{},[33,14267,14268,14271,14274,14277],{},[36,14269,14270],{},"Returns a dictionary",[36,14272,14273],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[36,14275,14276],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[36,14278,14279],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14281,923],{},[57,14283,14285],{"className":59,"code":14284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14286,14287,14319,14335,14339,14357,14377,14381,14399],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14288,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14290,8926],{"class":72},[66,14292,77],{"class":76},[66,14294,10253],{"class":102},[66,14296,113],{"class":80},[66,14298,200],{"class":84},[66,14300,113],{"class":80},[66,14302,1111],{"class":102},[66,14304,479],{"class":478},[66,14306,121],{"class":102},[66,14308,81],{"class":80},[66,14310,4514],{"class":84},[66,14312,113],{"class":80},[66,14314,1111],{"class":102},[66,14316,561],{"class":478},[66,14318,9070],{"class":102},[66,14320,14321,14324,14326,14329,14331,14333],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,14322,14323],{"class":72},"data_copy ",[66,14325,77],{"class":76},[66,14327,14328],{"class":72}," data",[66,14330,103],{"class":102},[66,14332,12674],{"class":106},[66,14334,8402],{"class":102},[66,14336,14337],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,14338,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,14340,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,14342,8965],{"class":72},[66,14344,3652],{"class":102},[66,14346,113],{"class":80},[66,14348,200],{"class":84},[66,14350,113],{"class":80},[66,14352,13034],{"class":102},[66,14354,13037],{"class":76},[66,14356,2324],{"class":478},[66,14358,14359,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,14360,14361],{"class":72},"data_copy",[66,14363,3652],{"class":102},[66,14365,113],{"class":80},[66,14367,4514],{"class":84},[66,14369,113],{"class":80},[66,14371,13034],{"class":102},[66,14373,13037],{"class":76},[66,14375,14376],{"class":478}," 20\n",[66,14378,14379],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,14380,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,14382,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,14384,138],{"class":137},[66,14386,110],{"class":102},[66,14388,113],{"class":80},[66,14390,13055],{"class":84},[66,14392,113],{"class":80},[66,14394,121],{"class":102},[66,14396,14328],{"class":106},[66,14398,131],{"class":102},[66,14400,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14416],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,14402,138],{"class":137},[66,14404,110],{"class":102},[66,14406,113],{"class":80},[66,14408,13074],{"class":84},[66,14410,113],{"class":80},[66,14412,121],{"class":102},[66,14414,14415],{"class":106}," data_copy",[66,14417,131],{"class":102},[20,14419,14420],{},[398,14421,148],{},[57,14423,14425],{"className":59,"code":14424,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14426,14427,14459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14428,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14430,13097],{"class":72},[66,14432,1111],{"class":102},[66,14434,10253],{"class":102},[66,14436,3044],{"class":80},[66,14438,200],{"class":84},[66,14440,3044],{"class":80},[66,14442,1111],{"class":102},[66,14444,5757],{"class":478},[66,14446,121],{"class":102},[66,14448,3039],{"class":80},[66,14450,4514],{"class":84},[66,14452,3044],{"class":80},[66,14454,1111],{"class":102},[66,14456,561],{"class":478},[66,14458,9070],{"class":102},[66,14460,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,14462,13134],{"class":72},[66,14464,1111],{"class":102},[66,14466,10253],{"class":102},[66,14468,3044],{"class":80},[66,14470,200],{"class":84},[66,14472,3044],{"class":80},[66,14474,1111],{"class":102},[66,14476,479],{"class":478},[66,14478,121],{"class":102},[66,14480,3039],{"class":80},[66,14482,4514],{"class":84},[66,14484,3044],{"class":80},[66,14486,1111],{"class":102},[66,14488,7546],{"class":478},[66,14490,9070],{"class":102},[52,14492,2568],{"id":2567},[20,14494,14495,14496,1111],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14497,12197],{},[33,14499,14500,14507,14512,14517],{},[36,14501,8176,14502,10854,14504,14506],{},[15,14503,77],{},[15,14505,12539],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[36,14508,4331,14509,14511],{},[15,14510,12539],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[36,14513,14514,14515],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14516,12539],{},[36,14518,14519],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14521,14522],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[57,14524,14526],{"className":59,"code":14525,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14527,14528,14538,14548,14562,14585,14608],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14529,14530,14532,14534,14536],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14531,138],{"class":137},[66,14533,110],{"class":102},[66,14535,11895],{"class":106},[66,14537,131],{"class":102},[66,14539,14540,14542,14544,14546],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,14541,138],{"class":137},[66,14543,110],{"class":102},[66,14545,14092],{"class":106},[66,14547,131],{"class":102},[66,14549,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,14551,138],{"class":137},[66,14553,110],{"class":102},[66,14555,11848],{"class":106},[66,14557,11956],{"class":3627},[66,14559,14146],{"class":106},[66,14561,131],{"class":102},[66,14563,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14579,14581,14583],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,14565,138],{"class":137},[66,14567,110],{"class":102},[66,14569,12412],{"class":137},[66,14571,110],{"class":102},[66,14573,11895],{"class":106},[66,14575,8994],{"class":102},[66,14577,14578],{"class":137}," id",[66,14580,110],{"class":102},[66,14582,14092],{"class":106},[66,14584,1330],{"class":102},[66,14586,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14604,14606],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,14588,138],{"class":137},[66,14590,110],{"class":102},[66,14592,12412],{"class":137},[66,14594,110],{"class":102},[66,14596,11895],{"class":106},[66,14598,3652],{"class":102},[66,14600,113],{"class":80},[66,14602,14603],{"class":84},"key",[66,14605,113],{"class":80},[66,14607,2740],{"class":102},[66,14609,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,14611,138],{"class":137},[66,14613,110],{"class":102},[66,14615,12412],{"class":137},[66,14617,110],{"class":102},[66,14619,14092],{"class":106},[66,14621,3652],{"class":102},[66,14623,113],{"class":80},[66,14625,14603],{"class":84},[66,14627,113],{"class":80},[66,14629,2740],{"class":102},[20,14631,14632],{},"What these help you check:",[33,14634,14635,14638,14641],{},[36,14636,14637],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[36,14639,14640],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[36,14642,14643],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14645,14646,14647,103],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[200,14648,14650],{"href":14649},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[52,14652,1518],{"id":1517},[258,14654,1522,14656,14658],{"id":14655},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14657,12197],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14660,14661],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[258,14663,1610,14665,14667],{"id":14664},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14666,12197],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14669,14670],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[258,14672,4934,14674,798,14676,2228],{"id":14673},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14675,12539],{},[15,14677,77],{},[20,14679,14680,14682,14683,14685],{},[15,14681,12539],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14684,77],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[258,14687,14689],{"id":14688},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14691,14692],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[52,14694,1620],{"id":1619},[33,14696,14697,14701,14705,14709,14716,14722],{},[36,14698,14699],{},[200,14700,11005],{"href":12789},[36,14702,14703],{},[200,14704,8916],{"href":12786},[36,14706,14707],{},[200,14708,13552],{"href":13551},[36,14710,14711],{},[200,14712,10500,14713,774],{"href":13794},[15,14714,14715],{},"update()",[36,14717,14718],{},[200,14719,10500,14720,774],{"href":12586},[15,14721,11084],{},[36,14723,14724],{},[200,14725,14726],{"href":14649},"How to copy a list in Python",[1651,14728,14729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":14731},[14732,14733,14735,14736,14737,14738,14740,14746,14747,14748,14757],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":12758,"depth":91,"text":14734},"What the copy() method does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":13194,"depth":91,"text":13195},{"id":13555,"depth":91,"text":14739},"When to use copy()",{"id":13804,"depth":91,"text":14741,"children":14742},"copy() vs assignment",[14743,14744],{"id":13821,"depth":134,"text":13822},{"id":14029,"depth":134,"text":14745},"Using copy()",{"id":14260,"depth":91,"text":14261},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":14749},[14750,14752,14754,14756],{"id":14655,"depth":134,"text":14751},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14664,"depth":134,"text":14753},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14673,"depth":134,"text":14755},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14688,"depth":134,"text":14689},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12592,"description":14758},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14765,"title":14766,"body":14767,"description":16966,"extension":1694,"meta":16967,"navigation":338,"path":12789,"seo":16968,"stem":16969,"__hash__":16970},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14768,"toc":16928},[14769,14772,14778,14787,14789,14865,14869,14918,14921,14925,14939,14942,14946,14959,14962,14995,15009,15012,15024,15028,15031,15039,15119,15123,15176,15180,15198,15200,15282,15285,15287,15290,15293,15316,15340,15344,15352,15355,15359,15368,15373,15431,15435,15468,15474,15480,15483,15538,15542,15592,15595,15601,15604,15612,15614,15659,15664,15673,15676,15679,15726,15728,15733,15736,15830,15834,15887,15890,15946,15949,15953,15956,15970,15974,16040,16044,16069,16072,16076,16154,16158,16161,16164,16184,16187,16240,16244,16247,16250,16263,16265,16354,16361,16364,16375,16377,16380,16400,16404,16407,16416,16419,16458,16462,16464,16473,16482,16484,16522,16526,16573,16577,16598,16602,16605,16717,16722,16820,16842,16844,16848,16855,16859,16865,16869,16872,16876,16879,16886,16894,16896,16922,16925],[10,14770,14766],{"id":14771},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14773,14774,14775,14777],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[398,14776,8892],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14779,14780,14781,2617,14783,103],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[200,14782,8916],{"href":8915},[200,14784,14786],{"href":14785},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[52,14788,55],{"id":54},[57,14790,14792],{"className":59,"code":14791,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14793,14794,14802,14820,14834,14847,14851,14855],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14795,14796,14798,14800],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14797,12626],{"class":72},[66,14799,77],{"class":76},[66,14801,11256],{"class":102},[66,14803,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,14805,11261],{"class":80},[66,14807,7423],{"class":84},[66,14809,113],{"class":80},[66,14811,1111],{"class":102},[66,14813,81],{"class":80},[66,14815,12643],{"class":84},[66,14817,113],{"class":80},[66,14819,11277],{"class":102},[66,14821,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,14823,11261],{"class":80},[66,14825,9060],{"class":84},[66,14827,113],{"class":80},[66,14829,1111],{"class":102},[66,14831,7546],{"class":478},[66,14833,11277],{"class":102},[66,14835,14836,14838,14841,14843,14845],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,14837,11261],{"class":80},[66,14839,14840],{"class":84},"is_active",[66,14842,113],{"class":80},[66,14844,1111],{"class":102},[66,14846,6176],{"class":3602},[66,14848,14849],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,14850,9070],{"class":102},[66,14852,14853],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,14854,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,14856,14857,14859,14861,14863],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,14858,138],{"class":137},[66,14860,110],{"class":102},[66,14862,13387],{"class":106},[66,14864,131],{"class":102},[20,14866,14867],{},[398,14868,148],{},[57,14870,14872],{"className":59,"code":14871,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14873,14874],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14875,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14877,9039],{"class":102},[66,14879,3044],{"class":80},[66,14881,7423],{"class":84},[66,14883,3044],{"class":80},[66,14885,1111],{"class":102},[66,14887,3039],{"class":80},[66,14889,12643],{"class":84},[66,14891,3044],{"class":80},[66,14893,121],{"class":102},[66,14895,3039],{"class":80},[66,14897,9060],{"class":84},[66,14899,3044],{"class":80},[66,14901,1111],{"class":102},[66,14903,7546],{"class":478},[66,14905,121],{"class":102},[66,14907,3039],{"class":80},[66,14909,14840],{"class":84},[66,14911,3044],{"class":80},[66,14913,1111],{"class":102},[66,14915,3668],{"class":3602},[66,14917,9070],{"class":102},[20,14919,14920],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[52,14922,14924],{"id":14923},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[33,14926,14927,14930,14933,14936],{},[36,14928,14929],{},"What a dictionary is",[36,14931,14932],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[36,14934,14935],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[36,14937,14938],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[52,14940,14929],{"id":14941},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14943,8889,14944,103],{},[398,14945,8892],{},[33,14947,14948,14954],{},[36,14949,14950,14951,14953],{},"A ",[398,14952,14603],{}," is the label",[36,14955,14950,14956,14958],{},[398,14957,2208],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14960,14961],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[57,14963,14965],{"className":59,"code":14964,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14966,14967,14975,14991],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14968,14969,14971,14973],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14970,12626],{"class":72},[66,14972,77],{"class":76},[66,14974,11256],{"class":102},[66,14976,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,14978,11261],{"class":80},[66,14980,7423],{"class":84},[66,14982,113],{"class":80},[66,14984,1111],{"class":102},[66,14986,81],{"class":80},[66,14988,12643],{"class":84},[66,14990,88],{"class":80},[66,14992,14993],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,14994,9070],{"class":102},[33,14996,14997,15003],{},[36,14998,14999,15002],{},[15,15000,15001],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[36,15004,15005,15008],{},[15,15006,15007],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15010,15011],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[33,15013,15014,15016,15018,15021],{},[36,15015,7423],{},[36,15017,9060],{},[36,15019,15020],{},"email",[36,15022,15023],{},"country",[52,15025,15027],{"id":15026},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15029,15030],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15032,160,15033,15035,15036,103],{},[15,15034,3542],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15037,15038],{},"key: value",[57,15040,15042],{"className":59,"code":15041,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15043,15044,15052,15070,15084,15101,15105,15109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15045,15046,15048,15050],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15047,12626],{"class":72},[66,15049,77],{"class":76},[66,15051,11256],{"class":102},[66,15053,15054,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15055,11261],{"class":80},[66,15057,7423],{"class":84},[66,15059,113],{"class":80},[66,15061,1111],{"class":102},[66,15063,81],{"class":80},[66,15065,12643],{"class":84},[66,15067,113],{"class":80},[66,15069,11277],{"class":102},[66,15071,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,15073,11261],{"class":80},[66,15075,9060],{"class":84},[66,15077,113],{"class":80},[66,15079,1111],{"class":102},[66,15081,7546],{"class":478},[66,15083,11277],{"class":102},[66,15085,15086,15088,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,15087,11261],{"class":80},[66,15089,15090],{"class":84},"course",[66,15092,113],{"class":80},[66,15094,1111],{"class":102},[66,15096,81],{"class":80},[66,15098,1047],{"class":84},[66,15100,88],{"class":80},[66,15102,15103],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,15104,9070],{"class":102},[66,15106,15107],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,15108,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,15110,15111,15113,15115,15117],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,15112,138],{"class":137},[66,15114,110],{"class":102},[66,15116,13387],{"class":106},[66,15118,131],{"class":102},[20,15120,15121],{},[398,15122,148],{},[57,15124,15126],{"className":59,"code":15125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15127,15128],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15129,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142,15144,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15131,9039],{"class":102},[66,15133,3044],{"class":80},[66,15135,7423],{"class":84},[66,15137,3044],{"class":80},[66,15139,1111],{"class":102},[66,15141,3039],{"class":80},[66,15143,12643],{"class":84},[66,15145,3044],{"class":80},[66,15147,121],{"class":102},[66,15149,3039],{"class":80},[66,15151,9060],{"class":84},[66,15153,3044],{"class":80},[66,15155,1111],{"class":102},[66,15157,7546],{"class":478},[66,15159,121],{"class":102},[66,15161,3039],{"class":80},[66,15163,15090],{"class":84},[66,15165,3044],{"class":80},[66,15167,1111],{"class":102},[66,15169,3039],{"class":80},[66,15171,1047],{"class":84},[66,15173,3044],{"class":80},[66,15175,9070],{"class":102},[258,15177,15179],{"id":15178},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[33,15181,15182,15187,15192,15195],{},[36,15183,160,15184,15186],{},[15,15185,3542],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[36,15188,15189,15190],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15191,15038],{},[36,15193,15194],{},"Separate items with commas",[36,15196,15197],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15199,923],{},[57,15201,15203],{"className":59,"code":15202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15204,15205,15214,15234,15250,15263,15267,15271],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15206,15207,15210,15212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15208,15209],{"class":72},"book ",[66,15211,77],{"class":76},[66,15213,11256],{"class":102},[66,15215,15216,15218,15221,15223,15225,15227,15230,15232],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15217,11261],{"class":80},[66,15219,15220],{"class":84},"title",[66,15222,113],{"class":80},[66,15224,1111],{"class":102},[66,15226,81],{"class":80},[66,15228,15229],{"class":84},"Python Basics",[66,15231,113],{"class":80},[66,15233,11277],{"class":102},[66,15235,15236,15238,15241,15243,15245,15248],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,15237,11261],{"class":80},[66,15239,15240],{"class":84},"pages",[66,15242,113],{"class":80},[66,15244,1111],{"class":102},[66,15246,15247],{"class":478}," 150",[66,15249,11277],{"class":102},[66,15251,15252,15254,15257,15259,15261],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,15253,11261],{"class":80},[66,15255,15256],{"class":84},"available",[66,15258,113],{"class":80},[66,15260,1111],{"class":102},[66,15262,6176],{"class":3602},[66,15264,15265],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,15266,9070],{"class":102},[66,15268,15269],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,15270,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,15272,15273,15275,15277,15280],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,15274,138],{"class":137},[66,15276,110],{"class":102},[66,15278,15279],{"class":106},"book",[66,15281,131],{"class":102},[20,15283,15284],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[52,15286,9164],{"id":9163},[20,15288,15289],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15291,15292],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[57,15294,15296],{"className":59,"code":15295,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15297,15298,15306],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15299,15300,15302,15304],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15301,8926],{"class":72},[66,15303,77],{"class":76},[66,15305,9600],{"class":102},[66,15307,15308,15310,15312,15314],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15309,138],{"class":137},[66,15311,110],{"class":102},[66,15313,8965],{"class":106},[66,15315,131],{"class":102},[57,15317,15318],{"className":59,"code":9167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,15319,15320,15330],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15321,15322,15324,15326,15328],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15323,8926],{"class":72},[66,15325,77],{"class":76},[66,15327,8931],{"class":2641},[66,15329,8402],{"class":102},[66,15331,15332,15334,15336,15338],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15333,138],{"class":137},[66,15335,110],{"class":102},[66,15337,8965],{"class":106},[66,15339,131],{"class":102},[20,15341,15342],{},[398,15343,148],{},[57,15345,15346],{"className":59,"code":9196,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,15347,15348],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15349,15350],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15351,9196],{"class":102},[20,15353,15354],{},"Both are correct.",[258,15356,15358],{"id":15357},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15360,15361,15363,15364,15367],{},[15,15362,3542],{}," creates an empty ",[398,15365,15366],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15369,15370,15371,103],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15372,3547],{},[57,15374,15376],{"className":59,"code":15375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15377,15378,15386,15398,15402,15416],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15379,15380,15382,15384],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15381,11487],{"class":72},[66,15383,77],{"class":76},[66,15385,9600],{"class":102},[66,15387,15388,15391,15393,15396],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15389,15390],{"class":72},"my_set ",[66,15392,77],{"class":76},[66,15394,15395],{"class":2641}," set",[66,15397,8402],{"class":102},[66,15399,15400],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,15401,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,15403,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,15405,138],{"class":137},[66,15407,110],{"class":102},[66,15409,2964],{"class":2641},[66,15411,110],{"class":102},[66,15413,11212],{"class":106},[66,15415,1330],{"class":102},[66,15417,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15429],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,15419,138],{"class":137},[66,15421,110],{"class":102},[66,15423,2964],{"class":2641},[66,15425,110],{"class":102},[66,15427,15428],{"class":106},"my_set",[66,15430,1330],{"class":102},[20,15432,15433],{},[398,15434,148],{},[57,15436,15438],{"className":59,"code":15437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15439,15440,15454],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15441,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15443,3033],{"class":76},[66,15445,3036],{"class":1797},[66,15447,3039],{"class":80},[66,15449,8581],{"class":84},[66,15451,3044],{"class":80},[66,15453,3047],{"class":76},[66,15455,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15457,3033],{"class":76},[66,15459,3036],{"class":1797},[66,15461,3039],{"class":80},[66,15463,6039],{"class":84},[66,15465,3044],{"class":80},[66,15467,3047],{"class":76},[52,15469,15471,15472],{"id":15470},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15473,8880],{},[20,15475,15476,15477,15479],{},"You can also use ",[15,15478,8880],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15481,15482],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[57,15484,15486],{"className":59,"code":15485,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15487,15488,15528],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15489,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15517,15519,15522,15524,15526],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15491,12626],{"class":72},[66,15493,77],{"class":76},[66,15495,8931],{"class":2641},[66,15497,110],{"class":102},[66,15499,7423],{"class":8936},[66,15501,77],{"class":76},[66,15503,113],{"class":80},[66,15505,12643],{"class":84},[66,15507,113],{"class":80},[66,15509,121],{"class":102},[66,15511,8949],{"class":8936},[66,15513,77],{"class":76},[66,15515,15516],{"class":478},"20",[66,15518,121],{"class":102},[66,15520,15521],{"class":8936}," active",[66,15523,77],{"class":76},[66,15525,3350],{"class":3602},[66,15527,131],{"class":102},[66,15529,15530,15532,15534,15536],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15531,138],{"class":137},[66,15533,110],{"class":102},[66,15535,13387],{"class":106},[66,15537,131],{"class":102},[20,15539,15540],{},[398,15541,148],{},[57,15543,15545],{"className":59,"code":15544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15546,15547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15548,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581,15584,15586,15588,15590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15550,9039],{"class":102},[66,15552,3044],{"class":80},[66,15554,7423],{"class":84},[66,15556,3044],{"class":80},[66,15558,1111],{"class":102},[66,15560,3039],{"class":80},[66,15562,12643],{"class":84},[66,15564,3044],{"class":80},[66,15566,121],{"class":102},[66,15568,3039],{"class":80},[66,15570,9060],{"class":84},[66,15572,3044],{"class":80},[66,15574,1111],{"class":102},[66,15576,7546],{"class":478},[66,15578,121],{"class":102},[66,15580,3039],{"class":80},[66,15582,15583],{"class":84},"active",[66,15585,3044],{"class":80},[66,15587,1111],{"class":102},[66,15589,3668],{"class":3602},[66,15591,9070],{"class":102},[20,15593,15594],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[258,15596,15598,15599],{"id":15597},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15600,8880],{},[20,15602,15603],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[33,15605,15606,15609],{},[36,15607,15608],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[36,15610,15611],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15613,6442],{},[57,15615,15617],{"className":59,"code":15616,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15618,15619,15649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15620,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15643,15645,15647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15622,11251],{"class":72},[66,15624,77],{"class":76},[66,15626,8931],{"class":2641},[66,15628,110],{"class":102},[66,15630,7423],{"class":8936},[66,15632,77],{"class":76},[66,15634,113],{"class":80},[66,15636,7432],{"class":84},[66,15638,113],{"class":80},[66,15640,121],{"class":102},[66,15642,8949],{"class":8936},[66,15644,77],{"class":76},[66,15646,8954],{"class":478},[66,15648,131],{"class":102},[66,15650,15651,15653,15655,15657],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15652,138],{"class":137},[66,15654,110],{"class":102},[66,15656,11345],{"class":106},[66,15658,131],{"class":102},[20,15660,4380,15661,15663],{},[398,15662,4383],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[57,15665,15667],{"className":59,"code":15666,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15668,15669],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15670,15671],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15672,15666],{"class":3413},[20,15674,15675],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15677,15678],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[57,15680,15682],{"className":59,"code":15681,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15683,15684,15692,15708,15712,15716],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15685,15686,15688,15690],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15687,11251],{"class":72},[66,15689,77],{"class":76},[66,15691,11256],{"class":102},[66,15693,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15695,11261],{"class":80},[66,15697,10258],{"class":84},[66,15699,113],{"class":80},[66,15701,1111],{"class":102},[66,15703,81],{"class":80},[66,15705,7432],{"class":84},[66,15707,88],{"class":80},[66,15709,15710],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,15711,9070],{"class":102},[66,15713,15714],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,15715,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,15717,15718,15720,15722,15724],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,15719,138],{"class":137},[66,15721,110],{"class":102},[66,15723,11345],{"class":106},[66,15725,131],{"class":102},[52,15727,9206],{"id":9205},[20,15729,15730,15732],{},[15,15731,8880],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15734,15735],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[57,15737,15739],{"className":59,"code":15738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15740,15741,15798,15802,15816,15820],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15742,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15783,15785,15787,15789,15791,15794,15796],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15744,8976],{"class":72},[66,15746,77],{"class":76},[66,15748,8981],{"class":102},[66,15750,113],{"class":80},[66,15752,7423],{"class":84},[66,15754,113],{"class":80},[66,15756,121],{"class":102},[66,15758,81],{"class":80},[66,15760,12643],{"class":84},[66,15762,113],{"class":80},[66,15764,8994],{"class":102},[66,15766,8997],{"class":102},[66,15768,113],{"class":80},[66,15770,9060],{"class":84},[66,15772,113],{"class":80},[66,15774,121],{"class":102},[66,15776,7546],{"class":478},[66,15778,8994],{"class":102},[66,15780,8997],{"class":102},[66,15782,113],{"class":80},[66,15784,10171],{"class":84},[66,15786,113],{"class":80},[66,15788,121],{"class":102},[66,15790,81],{"class":80},[66,15792,15793],{"class":84},"Lima",[66,15795,113],{"class":80},[66,15797,9010],{"class":102},[66,15799,15800],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15801,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,15803,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,15805,12626],{"class":72},[66,15807,77],{"class":76},[66,15809,8931],{"class":2641},[66,15811,110],{"class":102},[66,15813,9023],{"class":106},[66,15815,131],{"class":102},[66,15817,15818],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,15819,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,15821,15822,15824,15826,15828],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,15823,138],{"class":137},[66,15825,110],{"class":102},[66,15827,13387],{"class":106},[66,15829,131],{"class":102},[20,15831,15832],{},[398,15833,148],{},[57,15835,15837],{"className":59,"code":15836,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15838,15839],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15840,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15842,9039],{"class":102},[66,15844,3044],{"class":80},[66,15846,7423],{"class":84},[66,15848,3044],{"class":80},[66,15850,1111],{"class":102},[66,15852,3039],{"class":80},[66,15854,12643],{"class":84},[66,15856,3044],{"class":80},[66,15858,121],{"class":102},[66,15860,3039],{"class":80},[66,15862,9060],{"class":84},[66,15864,3044],{"class":80},[66,15866,1111],{"class":102},[66,15868,7546],{"class":478},[66,15870,121],{"class":102},[66,15872,3039],{"class":80},[66,15874,10171],{"class":84},[66,15876,3044],{"class":80},[66,15878,1111],{"class":102},[66,15880,3039],{"class":80},[66,15882,15793],{"class":84},[66,15884,3044],{"class":80},[66,15886,9070],{"class":102},[20,15888,15889],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[57,15891,15893],{"className":59,"code":15892,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15894,15895,15936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15896,15897,15899,15901,15903,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15898,12626],{"class":72},[66,15900,77],{"class":76},[66,15902,8931],{"class":2641},[66,15904,15905],{"class":102},"(((",[66,15907,113],{"class":80},[66,15909,7423],{"class":84},[66,15911,113],{"class":80},[66,15913,121],{"class":102},[66,15915,81],{"class":80},[66,15917,12643],{"class":84},[66,15919,113],{"class":80},[66,15921,8994],{"class":102},[66,15923,8997],{"class":102},[66,15925,113],{"class":80},[66,15927,9060],{"class":84},[66,15929,113],{"class":80},[66,15931,121],{"class":102},[66,15933,7546],{"class":478},[66,15935,2652],{"class":102},[66,15937,15938,15940,15942,15944],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15939,138],{"class":137},[66,15941,110],{"class":102},[66,15943,13387],{"class":106},[66,15945,131],{"class":102},[20,15947,15948],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[52,15950,15952],{"id":15951},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15954,15955],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[33,15957,15958,15961,15964,15967],{},[36,15959,15960],{},"Keys must be unique",[36,15962,15963],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[36,15965,15966],{},"Values can repeat",[36,15968,15969],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[258,15971,15973],{"id":15972},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[57,15975,15977],{"className":59,"code":15976,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15978,15979,15987,16005,16022,16026,16030],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15980,15981,15983,15985],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15982,8926],{"class":72},[66,15984,77],{"class":76},[66,15986,11256],{"class":102},[66,15988,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,15990,11261],{"class":80},[66,15992,7423],{"class":84},[66,15994,113],{"class":80},[66,15996,1111],{"class":102},[66,15998,81],{"class":80},[66,16000,12643],{"class":84},[66,16002,113],{"class":80},[66,16004,11277],{"class":102},[66,16006,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16020],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,16008,11261],{"class":80},[66,16010,7423],{"class":84},[66,16012,113],{"class":80},[66,16014,1111],{"class":102},[66,16016,81],{"class":80},[66,16018,16019],{"class":84},"Maria",[66,16021,88],{"class":80},[66,16023,16024],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,16025,9070],{"class":102},[66,16027,16028],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,16029,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,16031,16032,16034,16036,16038],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,16033,138],{"class":137},[66,16035,110],{"class":102},[66,16037,8965],{"class":106},[66,16039,131],{"class":102},[20,16041,16042],{},[398,16043,148],{},[57,16045,16047],{"className":59,"code":16046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16048,16049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16050,16051,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16052,9039],{"class":102},[66,16054,3044],{"class":80},[66,16056,7423],{"class":84},[66,16058,3044],{"class":80},[66,16060,1111],{"class":102},[66,16062,3039],{"class":80},[66,16064,16019],{"class":84},[66,16066,3044],{"class":80},[66,16068,9070],{"class":102},[20,16070,16071],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[258,16073,16075],{"id":16074},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[57,16077,16079],{"className":59,"code":16078,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16080,16081,16089,16105,16121,16135,16139,16143],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16082,16083,16085,16087],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16084,4818],{"class":72},[66,16086,77],{"class":76},[66,16088,11256],{"class":102},[66,16090,16091,16094,16096,16098,16101,16103],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16092,16093],{"class":478},"    1",[66,16095,1111],{"class":102},[66,16097,81],{"class":80},[66,16099,16100],{"class":84},"low",[66,16102,113],{"class":80},[66,16104,11277],{"class":102},[66,16106,16107,16110,16112,16114,16117,16119],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,16108,16109],{"class":478},"    2",[66,16111,1111],{"class":102},[66,16113,81],{"class":80},[66,16115,16116],{"class":84},"medium",[66,16118,113],{"class":80},[66,16120,11277],{"class":102},[66,16122,16123,16126,16128,16130,16133],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,16124,16125],{"class":478},"    3",[66,16127,1111],{"class":102},[66,16129,81],{"class":80},[66,16131,16132],{"class":84},"high",[66,16134,88],{"class":80},[66,16136,16137],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,16138,9070],{"class":102},[66,16140,16141],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,16142,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,16144,16145,16147,16149,16152],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,16146,138],{"class":137},[66,16148,110],{"class":102},[66,16150,16151],{"class":106},"scores",[66,16153,131],{"class":102},[258,16155,16157],{"id":16156},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16159,16160],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16162,16163],{},"This will cause an error:",[57,16165,16167],{"className":59,"code":16166,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16168,16169,16174,16179],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16170,16171],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16172,16173],{"class":3413},"# bad = {\n",[66,16175,16176],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16177,16178],{"class":3413},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[66,16180,16181],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,16182,16183],{"class":3413},"# }\n",[20,16185,16186],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[57,16188,16190],{"className":59,"code":16189,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16191,16192,16201,16221,16225,16229],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16193,16194,16197,16199],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16195,16196],{"class":72},"good ",[66,16198,77],{"class":76},[66,16200,11256],{"class":102},[66,16202,16203,16206,16208,16210,16212,16215,16217,16219],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16204,16205],{"class":102},"    (",[66,16207,2729],{"class":478},[66,16209,121],{"class":102},[66,16211,561],{"class":478},[66,16213,16214],{"class":102},"):",[66,16216,81],{"class":80},[66,16218,3397],{"class":84},[66,16220,88],{"class":80},[66,16222,16223],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,16224,9070],{"class":102},[66,16226,16227],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,16228,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,16230,16231,16233,16235,16238],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,16232,138],{"class":137},[66,16234,110],{"class":102},[66,16236,16237],{"class":106},"good",[66,16239,131],{"class":102},[52,16241,16243],{"id":16242},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16245,16246],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16248,16249],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[33,16251,16252,16255,16257,16260],{},[36,16253,16254],{},"user data",[36,16256,13646],{},[36,16258,16259],{},"counters",[36,16261,16262],{},"lookups",[20,16264,923],{},[57,16266,16268],{"className":59,"code":16267,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16269,16270,16278,16297,16316,16328,16332,16336],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16271,16272,16274,16276],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16273,11251],{"class":72},[66,16275,77],{"class":76},[66,16277,11256],{"class":102},[66,16279,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16293,16295],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16281,11261],{"class":80},[66,16283,7742],{"class":84},[66,16285,113],{"class":80},[66,16287,1111],{"class":102},[66,16289,81],{"class":80},[66,16291,16292],{"class":84},"ana123",[66,16294,113],{"class":80},[66,16296,11277],{"class":102},[66,16298,16299,16301,16303,16305,16307,16309,16312,16314],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,16300,11261],{"class":80},[66,16302,15020],{"class":84},[66,16304,113],{"class":80},[66,16306,1111],{"class":102},[66,16308,81],{"class":80},[66,16310,16311],{"class":84},"ana@example.com",[66,16313,113],{"class":80},[66,16315,11277],{"class":102},[66,16317,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,16319,11261],{"class":80},[66,16321,12277],{"class":84},[66,16323,113],{"class":80},[66,16325,1111],{"class":102},[66,16327,6176],{"class":3602},[66,16329,16330],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,16331,9070],{"class":102},[66,16333,16334],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,16335,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,16337,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,16339,138],{"class":137},[66,16341,110],{"class":102},[66,16343,11345],{"class":106},[66,16345,3652],{"class":102},[66,16347,113],{"class":80},[66,16349,15020],{"class":84},[66,16351,113],{"class":80},[66,16353,3640],{"class":102},[20,16355,16356,16357,103],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[200,16358,16360],{"href":16359},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16362,16363],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[33,16365,16366,16369,16372],{},[36,16367,16368],{},"labels are not needed",[36,16370,16371],{},"you mostly care about position",[36,16373,16374],{},"order matters more than named fields",[52,16376,2568],{"id":2567},[20,16378,16379],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[33,16381,16382,16385,16388,16391,16394],{},[36,16383,16384],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[36,16386,16387],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[36,16389,16390],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[36,16392,16393],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[36,16395,16396,16397,16399],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16398,3542],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[258,16401,16403],{"id":16402},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16405,16406],{},"Wrong:",[57,16408,16410],{"className":59,"code":16409,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16411,16412],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16413,16414],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16415,16409],{"class":3413},[20,16417,16418],{},"Correct:",[57,16420,16422],{"className":59,"code":16421,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16423,16424,16448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16425,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16427,12626],{"class":72},[66,16429,77],{"class":76},[66,16431,10253],{"class":102},[66,16433,113],{"class":80},[66,16435,7423],{"class":84},[66,16437,113],{"class":80},[66,16439,1111],{"class":102},[66,16441,81],{"class":80},[66,16443,12643],{"class":84},[66,16445,113],{"class":80},[66,16447,9070],{"class":102},[66,16449,16450,16452,16454,16456],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16451,138],{"class":137},[66,16453,110],{"class":102},[66,16455,13387],{"class":106},[66,16457,131],{"class":102},[258,16459,16461],{"id":16460},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16463,16406],{},[57,16465,16467],{"className":59,"code":16466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16468,16469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16470,16471],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16472,16466],{"class":3413},[20,16474,16475,16476,16478,16479,16481],{},"This only works if ",[15,16477,7423],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16480,15001],{},", use quotes.",[20,16483,16418],{},[57,16485,16486],{"className":59,"code":16421,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,16487,16488,16512],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16489,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508,16510],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16491,12626],{"class":72},[66,16493,77],{"class":76},[66,16495,10253],{"class":102},[66,16497,113],{"class":80},[66,16499,7423],{"class":84},[66,16501,113],{"class":80},[66,16503,1111],{"class":102},[66,16505,81],{"class":80},[66,16507,12643],{"class":84},[66,16509,113],{"class":80},[66,16511,9070],{"class":102},[66,16513,16514,16516,16518,16520],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16515,138],{"class":137},[66,16517,110],{"class":102},[66,16519,13387],{"class":106},[66,16521,131],{"class":102},[258,16523,16525],{"id":16524},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[57,16527,16529],{"className":59,"code":16528,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16530,16531,16563],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16532,16533,16535,16537,16539,16541,16543,16545,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557,16559,16561],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16534,8926],{"class":72},[66,16536,77],{"class":76},[66,16538,10253],{"class":102},[66,16540,113],{"class":80},[66,16542,9060],{"class":84},[66,16544,113],{"class":80},[66,16546,1111],{"class":102},[66,16548,7546],{"class":478},[66,16550,121],{"class":102},[66,16552,81],{"class":80},[66,16554,9060],{"class":84},[66,16556,113],{"class":80},[66,16558,1111],{"class":102},[66,16560,7551],{"class":478},[66,16562,9070],{"class":102},[66,16564,16565,16567,16569,16571],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16566,138],{"class":137},[66,16568,110],{"class":102},[66,16570,8965],{"class":106},[66,16572,131],{"class":102},[20,16574,16575],{},[398,16576,148],{},[57,16578,16580],{"className":59,"code":16579,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16581,16582],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16583,16584,16586,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16585,9039],{"class":102},[66,16587,3044],{"class":80},[66,16589,9060],{"class":84},[66,16591,3044],{"class":80},[66,16593,1111],{"class":102},[66,16595,7551],{"class":478},[66,16597,9070],{"class":102},[52,16599,16601],{"id":16600},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16603,16604],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[57,16606,16608],{"className":59,"code":16607,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16609,16610,16646,16650,16660,16674,16689,16703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16611,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16613,11487],{"class":72},[66,16615,77],{"class":76},[66,16617,10253],{"class":102},[66,16619,113],{"class":80},[66,16621,7423],{"class":84},[66,16623,113],{"class":80},[66,16625,1111],{"class":102},[66,16627,81],{"class":80},[66,16629,12643],{"class":84},[66,16631,113],{"class":80},[66,16633,121],{"class":102},[66,16635,81],{"class":80},[66,16637,9060],{"class":84},[66,16639,113],{"class":80},[66,16641,1111],{"class":102},[66,16643,7546],{"class":478},[66,16645,9070],{"class":102},[66,16647,16648],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16649,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,16651,16652,16654,16656,16658],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,16653,138],{"class":137},[66,16655,110],{"class":102},[66,16657,11212],{"class":106},[66,16659,131],{"class":102},[66,16661,16662,16664,16666,16668,16670,16672],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,16663,138],{"class":137},[66,16665,110],{"class":102},[66,16667,2964],{"class":2641},[66,16669,110],{"class":102},[66,16671,11212],{"class":106},[66,16673,1330],{"class":102},[66,16675,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684,16687],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,16677,138],{"class":137},[66,16679,110],{"class":102},[66,16681,11212],{"class":106},[66,16683,103],{"class":102},[66,16685,16686],{"class":106},"keys",[66,16688,6949],{"class":102},[66,16690,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,16692,138],{"class":137},[66,16694,110],{"class":102},[66,16696,11212],{"class":106},[66,16698,103],{"class":102},[66,16700,5114],{"class":106},[66,16702,6949],{"class":102},[66,16704,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,16706,138],{"class":137},[66,16708,110],{"class":102},[66,16710,10924],{"class":137},[66,16712,110],{"class":102},[66,16714,11212],{"class":106},[66,16716,1330],{"class":102},[20,16718,16719],{},[398,16720,16721],{},"Example output:",[57,16723,16725],{"className":59,"code":16724,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16726,16727,16759,16773,16796,16815],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16728,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755,16757],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16730,9039],{"class":102},[66,16732,3044],{"class":80},[66,16734,7423],{"class":84},[66,16736,3044],{"class":80},[66,16738,1111],{"class":102},[66,16740,3039],{"class":80},[66,16742,12643],{"class":84},[66,16744,3044],{"class":80},[66,16746,121],{"class":102},[66,16748,3039],{"class":80},[66,16750,9060],{"class":84},[66,16752,3044],{"class":80},[66,16754,1111],{"class":102},[66,16756,7546],{"class":478},[66,16758,9070],{"class":102},[66,16760,16761,16763,16765,16767,16769,16771],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,16762,3033],{"class":76},[66,16764,3036],{"class":1797},[66,16766,3039],{"class":80},[66,16768,8581],{"class":84},[66,16770,3044],{"class":80},[66,16772,3047],{"class":76},[66,16774,16775,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,16776,16777],{"class":106},"dict_keys",[66,16779,2726],{"class":102},[66,16781,3044],{"class":80},[66,16783,7423],{"class":84},[66,16785,3044],{"class":80},[66,16787,121],{"class":102},[66,16789,3039],{"class":80},[66,16791,9060],{"class":84},[66,16793,3044],{"class":80},[66,16795,3640],{"class":102},[66,16797,16798,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,16799,16800],{"class":106},"dict_values",[66,16802,2726],{"class":102},[66,16804,3044],{"class":80},[66,16806,12643],{"class":84},[66,16808,3044],{"class":80},[66,16810,121],{"class":102},[66,16812,7546],{"class":478},[66,16814,3640],{"class":102},[66,16816,16817],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,16818,16819],{"class":478},"2\n",[20,16821,16822,16823,1923,16829,16835,16836,103],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[200,16824,10500,16826],{"href":16825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16827,16828],{},"keys()",[200,16830,10500,16832],{"href":16831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16833,16834],{},"values()",", and ",[200,16837,10500,16839],{"href":16838},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16840,16841],{},"items()",[52,16843,1518],{"id":1517},[258,16845,16847],{"id":16846},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16849,160,16850,2617,16852,16854],{},[15,16851,3542],{},[15,16853,8880],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[258,16856,16858],{"id":16857},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16860,16861,16862,103],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16863,16864],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[258,16866,16868],{"id":16867},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16870,16871],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[258,16873,16875],{"id":16874},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16877,16878],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[258,16880,4934,16882,798,16884,2228],{"id":16881},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16883,3542],{},[15,16885,8880],{},[20,16887,16888,16890,16891,16893],{},[15,16889,3542],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16892,8880],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[52,16895,1620],{"id":1619},[33,16897,16898,16902,16908,16912,16918],{},[36,16899,16900],{},[200,16901,8916],{"href":8915},[36,16903,16904],{},[200,16905,10500,16906,774],{"href":10499},[15,16907,10503],{},[36,16909,16910],{},[200,16911,11014],{"href":10494},[36,16913,16914],{},[200,16915,16917],{"href":16916},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,16919,16920],{},[200,16921,11025],{"href":10836},[20,16923,16924],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1651,16926,16927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":16929},[16930,16931,16932,16933,16936,16939,16944,16945,16950,16951,16956,16957,16965],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":14923,"depth":91,"text":14924},{"id":14941,"depth":91,"text":14929},{"id":15026,"depth":91,"text":15027,"children":16934},[16935],{"id":15178,"depth":134,"text":15179},{"id":9163,"depth":91,"text":9164,"children":16937},[16938],{"id":15357,"depth":134,"text":15358},{"id":15470,"depth":91,"text":16940,"children":16941},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16942],{"id":15597,"depth":134,"text":16943},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9205,"depth":91,"text":9206},{"id":15951,"depth":91,"text":15952,"children":16946},[16947,16948,16949],{"id":15972,"depth":134,"text":15973},{"id":16074,"depth":134,"text":16075},{"id":16156,"depth":134,"text":16157},{"id":16242,"depth":91,"text":16243},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":16952},[16953,16954,16955],{"id":16402,"depth":134,"text":16403},{"id":16460,"depth":134,"text":16461},{"id":16524,"depth":134,"text":16525},{"id":16600,"depth":91,"text":16601},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":16958},[16959,16960,16961,16962,16963],{"id":16846,"depth":134,"text":16847},{"id":16857,"depth":134,"text":16858},{"id":16867,"depth":134,"text":16868},{"id":16874,"depth":134,"text":16875},{"id":16881,"depth":134,"text":16964},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14766,"description":16966},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16972,"title":16973,"body":16974,"description":19423,"extension":1694,"meta":19424,"navigation":338,"path":19425,"seo":19426,"stem":19427,"__hash__":19428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16975,"toc":19379},[16976,16982,16988,16991,16994,16996,17078,17084,17089,17093,17111,17123,17128,17132,17155,17157,17169,17177,17181,17187,17189,17192,17267,17269,17314,17316,17333,17338,17344,17349,17423,17425,17470,17473,17484,17486,17605,17607,17660,17667,17671,17674,17691,17697,17701,17799,17801,17853,17860,17864,17870,17873,17876,17903,17908,17912,17915,18019,18021,18066,18069,18072,18077,18082,18093,18095,18156,18216,18222,18230,18236,18241,18246,18306,18310,18377,18380,18384,18455,18458,18471,18478,18480,18484,18488,18559,18561,18598,18601,18604,18667,18674,18677,18719,18729,18732,18801,18807,18812,18896,18898,18947,18954,18960,19005,19007,19040,19045,19049,19055,19094,19138,19206,19249,19251,19257,19260,19264,19269,19273,19276,19280,19282,19343,19345,19371,19376],[10,16977,11081,16979,18],{"id":16978},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16980,16981],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16983,16984,16987],{},[15,16985,16986],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16989,16990],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16992,16993],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[52,16995,55],{"id":54},[57,16997,16999],{"className":59,"code":16998,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17000,17001,17034,17062,17073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17002,17003,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17004,17005],{"class":72},"keys ",[66,17007,77],{"class":76},[66,17009,3370],{"class":102},[66,17011,113],{"class":80},[66,17013,7423],{"class":84},[66,17015,113],{"class":80},[66,17017,121],{"class":102},[66,17019,81],{"class":80},[66,17021,9060],{"class":84},[66,17023,113],{"class":80},[66,17025,121],{"class":102},[66,17027,81],{"class":80},[66,17029,10171],{"class":84},[66,17031,113],{"class":80},[66,17033,3383],{"class":102},[66,17035,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17058,17060],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,17037,12965],{"class":72},[66,17039,77],{"class":76},[66,17041,8931],{"class":2641},[66,17043,103],{"class":102},[66,17045,17046],{"class":106},"fromkeys",[66,17048,110],{"class":102},[66,17050,16686],{"class":106},[66,17052,121],{"class":102},[66,17054,81],{"class":80},[66,17056,17057],{"class":84},"unknown",[66,17059,113],{"class":80},[66,17061,131],{"class":102},[66,17063,17064,17066,17068,17071],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,17065,138],{"class":137},[66,17067,110],{"class":102},[66,17069,17070],{"class":106},"person",[66,17072,131],{"class":102},[66,17074,17075],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,17076,17077],{"class":3413},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17079,160,17080,17083],{},[15,17081,17082],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[52,17085,168,17087,41],{"id":17086},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17088,16986],{},[20,17090,17091,1111],{},[15,17092,16986],{},[33,17094,17095,17098,17101,17104],{},[36,17096,17097],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[36,17099,17100],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[36,17102,17103],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[36,17105,17106,17107,17110],{},"Is called as ",[15,17108,17109],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17112,17113,17114,17116,17117,17119,17120,103],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17115,8581],{},", so you write ",[15,17118,17109],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17121,17122],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17124,17125,17126,103],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[200,17127,8916],{"href":12786},[52,17129,17131],{"id":17130},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[57,17133,17135],{"className":59,"code":17134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17136,17137],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17138,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17140,8581],{"class":2641},[66,17142,103],{"class":102},[66,17144,17046],{"class":106},[66,17146,110],{"class":102},[66,17148,3470],{"class":106},[66,17150,121],{"class":102},[66,17152,8192],{"class":106},[66,17154,131],{"class":102},[258,17156,261],{"id":260},[33,17158,17159,17164],{},[36,17160,17161,17163],{},[15,17162,3470],{},": the keys to use",[36,17165,17166,17168],{},[15,17167,2208],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17170,17171,17172,17174,17175,103],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17173,2208],{},", each key gets ",[15,17176,3528],{},[258,17178,17180],{"id":17179},"return-value","Return value",[20,17182,17183,17184,103],{},"It returns a ",[398,17185,17186],{},"new dictionary",[52,17188,283],{"id":282},[20,17190,17191],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[57,17193,17195],{"className":59,"code":17194,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17196,17197,17230,17252,17256],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17198,17199,17201,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17200,17005],{"class":72},[66,17202,77],{"class":76},[66,17204,3370],{"class":102},[66,17206,113],{"class":80},[66,17208,1392],{"class":84},[66,17210,113],{"class":80},[66,17212,121],{"class":102},[66,17214,81],{"class":80},[66,17216,17217],{"class":84},"green",[66,17219,113],{"class":80},[66,17221,121],{"class":102},[66,17223,81],{"class":80},[66,17225,1401],{"class":84},[66,17227,113],{"class":80},[66,17229,3383],{"class":102},[66,17231,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,17233,12838],{"class":72},[66,17235,77],{"class":76},[66,17237,8931],{"class":2641},[66,17239,103],{"class":102},[66,17241,17046],{"class":106},[66,17243,110],{"class":102},[66,17245,16686],{"class":106},[66,17247,121],{"class":102},[66,17249,3584],{"class":478},[66,17251,131],{"class":102},[66,17253,17254],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,17255,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,17257,17258,17260,17262,17265],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,17259,138],{"class":137},[66,17261,110],{"class":102},[66,17263,17264],{"class":106},"colors",[66,17266,131],{"class":102},[20,17268,148],{},[57,17270,17272],{"className":59,"code":17271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17273,17274],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17275,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17277,9039],{"class":102},[66,17279,3044],{"class":80},[66,17281,1392],{"class":84},[66,17283,3044],{"class":80},[66,17285,1111],{"class":102},[66,17287,3584],{"class":478},[66,17289,121],{"class":102},[66,17291,3039],{"class":80},[66,17293,17217],{"class":84},[66,17295,3044],{"class":80},[66,17297,1111],{"class":102},[66,17299,3584],{"class":478},[66,17301,121],{"class":102},[66,17303,3039],{"class":80},[66,17305,1401],{"class":84},[66,17307,3044],{"class":80},[66,17309,1111],{"class":102},[66,17311,3584],{"class":478},[66,17313,9070],{"class":102},[20,17315,11447],{},[33,17317,17318,17323,17328],{},[36,17319,17320,17322],{},[15,17321,16686],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[36,17324,17325,17327],{},[15,17326,1852],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[36,17329,17330,17332],{},[15,17331,16986],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17334,17335,17336,103],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[200,17337,9153],{"href":12789},[52,17339,8176,17341,17343],{"id":17340},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17342,16981],{}," without a value",[20,17345,17346,17347,103],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17348,3528],{},[57,17350,17352],{"className":59,"code":17351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17353,17354,17388,17408,17412],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17355,17356,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17384,17386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17357,17358],{"class":72},"fields ",[66,17360,77],{"class":76},[66,17362,3370],{"class":102},[66,17364,113],{"class":80},[66,17366,7742],{"class":84},[66,17368,113],{"class":80},[66,17370,121],{"class":102},[66,17372,81],{"class":80},[66,17374,15020],{"class":84},[66,17376,113],{"class":80},[66,17378,121],{"class":102},[66,17380,81],{"class":80},[66,17382,17383],{"class":84},"password",[66,17385,113],{"class":80},[66,17387,3383],{"class":102},[66,17389,17390,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17406],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,17391,17392],{"class":72},"user_data ",[66,17394,77],{"class":76},[66,17396,8931],{"class":2641},[66,17398,103],{"class":102},[66,17400,17046],{"class":106},[66,17402,110],{"class":102},[66,17404,17405],{"class":106},"fields",[66,17407,131],{"class":102},[66,17409,17410],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,17411,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,17413,17414,17416,17418,17421],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,17415,138],{"class":137},[66,17417,110],{"class":102},[66,17419,17420],{"class":106},"user_data",[66,17422,131],{"class":102},[20,17424,148],{},[57,17426,17428],{"className":59,"code":17427,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17429,17430],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17431,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17433,9039],{"class":102},[66,17435,3044],{"class":80},[66,17437,7742],{"class":84},[66,17439,3044],{"class":80},[66,17441,1111],{"class":102},[66,17443,3603],{"class":3602},[66,17445,121],{"class":102},[66,17447,3039],{"class":80},[66,17449,15020],{"class":84},[66,17451,3044],{"class":80},[66,17453,1111],{"class":102},[66,17455,3603],{"class":3602},[66,17457,121],{"class":102},[66,17459,3039],{"class":80},[66,17461,17383],{"class":84},[66,17463,3044],{"class":80},[66,17465,1111],{"class":102},[66,17467,3603],{"class":3602},[66,17469,9070],{"class":102},[20,17471,17472],{},"This is useful when:",[33,17474,17475,17478,17481],{},[36,17476,17477],{},"You want to create the keys first",[36,17479,17480],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[36,17482,17483],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17485,923],{},[57,17487,17489],{"className":59,"code":17488,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17490,17491,17523,17541,17545,17568,17591,17595],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17492,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17494,17358],{"class":72},[66,17496,77],{"class":76},[66,17498,3370],{"class":102},[66,17500,113],{"class":80},[66,17502,7742],{"class":84},[66,17504,113],{"class":80},[66,17506,121],{"class":102},[66,17508,81],{"class":80},[66,17510,15020],{"class":84},[66,17512,113],{"class":80},[66,17514,121],{"class":102},[66,17516,81],{"class":80},[66,17518,17383],{"class":84},[66,17520,113],{"class":80},[66,17522,3383],{"class":102},[66,17524,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,17526,17392],{"class":72},[66,17528,77],{"class":76},[66,17530,8931],{"class":2641},[66,17532,103],{"class":102},[66,17534,17046],{"class":106},[66,17536,110],{"class":102},[66,17538,17405],{"class":106},[66,17540,131],{"class":102},[66,17542,17543],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,17544,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,17546,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17566],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,17548,17420],{"class":72},[66,17550,3652],{"class":102},[66,17552,113],{"class":80},[66,17554,7742],{"class":84},[66,17556,113],{"class":80},[66,17558,13034],{"class":102},[66,17560,13037],{"class":76},[66,17562,81],{"class":80},[66,17564,17565],{"class":84},"alice",[66,17567,88],{"class":80},[66,17569,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17589],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,17571,17420],{"class":72},[66,17573,3652],{"class":102},[66,17575,113],{"class":80},[66,17577,15020],{"class":84},[66,17579,113],{"class":80},[66,17581,13034],{"class":102},[66,17583,13037],{"class":76},[66,17585,81],{"class":80},[66,17587,17588],{"class":84},"alice@example.com",[66,17590,88],{"class":80},[66,17592,17593],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,17594,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,17596,17597,17599,17601,17603],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,17598,138],{"class":137},[66,17600,110],{"class":102},[66,17602,17420],{"class":106},[66,17604,131],{"class":102},[20,17606,148],{},[57,17608,17610],{"className":59,"code":17609,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17611,17612],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17613,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17615,9039],{"class":102},[66,17617,3044],{"class":80},[66,17619,7742],{"class":84},[66,17621,3044],{"class":80},[66,17623,1111],{"class":102},[66,17625,3039],{"class":80},[66,17627,17565],{"class":84},[66,17629,3044],{"class":80},[66,17631,121],{"class":102},[66,17633,3039],{"class":80},[66,17635,15020],{"class":84},[66,17637,3044],{"class":80},[66,17639,1111],{"class":102},[66,17641,3039],{"class":80},[66,17643,17588],{"class":84},[66,17645,3044],{"class":80},[66,17647,121],{"class":102},[66,17649,3039],{"class":80},[66,17651,17383],{"class":84},[66,17653,3044],{"class":80},[66,17655,1111],{"class":102},[66,17657,3603],{"class":3602},[66,17659,9070],{"class":102},[20,17661,17662,17663,103],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[200,17664,17666],{"href":17665},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[52,17668,17670],{"id":17669},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17672,17673],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[33,17675,17676,17681,17686],{},[36,17677,17678,17680],{},[15,17679,3537],{}," (list)",[36,17682,17683,17685],{},[15,17684,3542],{}," (dictionary)",[36,17687,17688,17690],{},[15,17689,3547],{}," (set)",[20,17692,17693,17694,103],{},"All keys will point to the ",[398,17695,17696],{},"same object",[258,17698,17700],{"id":17699},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[57,17702,17704],{"className":59,"code":17703,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17705,17706,17738,17759,17763,17785,17789],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17707,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17709,17005],{"class":72},[66,17711,77],{"class":76},[66,17713,3370],{"class":102},[66,17715,113],{"class":80},[66,17717,200],{"class":84},[66,17719,113],{"class":80},[66,17721,121],{"class":102},[66,17723,81],{"class":80},[66,17725,4514],{"class":84},[66,17727,113],{"class":80},[66,17729,121],{"class":102},[66,17731,81],{"class":80},[66,17733,9501],{"class":84},[66,17735,113],{"class":80},[66,17737,3383],{"class":102},[66,17739,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,17741,8926],{"class":72},[66,17743,77],{"class":76},[66,17745,8931],{"class":2641},[66,17747,103],{"class":102},[66,17749,17046],{"class":106},[66,17751,110],{"class":102},[66,17753,16686],{"class":106},[66,17755,121],{"class":102},[66,17757,17758],{"class":102}," [])\n",[66,17760,17761],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,17762,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,17764,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,17766,8965],{"class":72},[66,17768,3652],{"class":102},[66,17770,113],{"class":80},[66,17772,200],{"class":84},[66,17774,113],{"class":80},[66,17776,13311],{"class":102},[66,17778,13314],{"class":106},[66,17780,110],{"class":102},[66,17782,2729],{"class":478},[66,17784,131],{"class":102},[66,17786,17787],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,17788,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,17790,17791,17793,17795,17797],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,17792,138],{"class":137},[66,17794,110],{"class":102},[66,17796,8965],{"class":106},[66,17798,131],{"class":102},[20,17800,148],{},[57,17802,17804],{"className":59,"code":17803,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17805,17806],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17807,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17809,9039],{"class":102},[66,17811,3044],{"class":80},[66,17813,200],{"class":84},[66,17815,3044],{"class":80},[66,17817,1111],{"class":102},[66,17819,3370],{"class":102},[66,17821,2729],{"class":478},[66,17823,17824],{"class":102},"],",[66,17826,3039],{"class":80},[66,17828,4514],{"class":84},[66,17830,3044],{"class":80},[66,17832,1111],{"class":102},[66,17834,3370],{"class":102},[66,17836,2729],{"class":478},[66,17838,17824],{"class":102},[66,17840,3039],{"class":80},[66,17842,9501],{"class":84},[66,17844,3044],{"class":80},[66,17846,1111],{"class":102},[66,17848,3370],{"class":102},[66,17850,2729],{"class":478},[66,17852,13467],{"class":102},[20,17854,17855,17856,17859],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17857,17858],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[258,17861,17863],{"id":17862},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17865,17866,17869],{},[15,17867,17868],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17871,17872],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17874,17875],{},"So this:",[57,17877,17879],{"className":59,"code":17878,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17880,17881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17882,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17884,8965],{"class":72},[66,17886,3652],{"class":102},[66,17888,113],{"class":80},[66,17890,200],{"class":84},[66,17892,113],{"class":80},[66,17894,13311],{"class":102},[66,17896,13314],{"class":106},[66,17898,110],{"class":102},[66,17900,2729],{"class":478},[66,17902,131],{"class":102},[20,17904,17905,17906,103],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17907,17858],{},[258,17909,17911],{"id":17910},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17913,17914],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[57,17916,17918],{"className":59,"code":17917,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17919,17920,17952,17979,17983,18005,18009],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17921,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17923,17005],{"class":72},[66,17925,77],{"class":76},[66,17927,3370],{"class":102},[66,17929,113],{"class":80},[66,17931,200],{"class":84},[66,17933,113],{"class":80},[66,17935,121],{"class":102},[66,17937,81],{"class":80},[66,17939,4514],{"class":84},[66,17941,113],{"class":80},[66,17943,121],{"class":102},[66,17945,81],{"class":80},[66,17947,9501],{"class":84},[66,17949,113],{"class":80},[66,17951,3383],{"class":102},[66,17953,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17967,17969,17972,17974,17977],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,17955,8926],{"class":72},[66,17957,77],{"class":76},[66,17959,10253],{"class":102},[66,17961,14603],{"class":72},[66,17963,1111],{"class":102},[66,17965,17966],{"class":102}," []",[66,17968,3628],{"class":3627},[66,17970,17971],{"class":72}," key ",[66,17973,3634],{"class":3627},[66,17975,17976],{"class":72}," keys",[66,17978,9070],{"class":102},[66,17980,17981],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,17982,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,17984,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,17986,8965],{"class":72},[66,17988,3652],{"class":102},[66,17990,113],{"class":80},[66,17992,200],{"class":84},[66,17994,113],{"class":80},[66,17996,13311],{"class":102},[66,17998,13314],{"class":106},[66,18000,110],{"class":102},[66,18002,2729],{"class":478},[66,18004,131],{"class":102},[66,18006,18007],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,18008,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,18010,18011,18013,18015,18017],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,18012,138],{"class":137},[66,18014,110],{"class":102},[66,18016,8965],{"class":106},[66,18018,131],{"class":102},[20,18020,148],{},[57,18022,18024],{"className":59,"code":18023,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18025,18026],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18027,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18029,9039],{"class":102},[66,18031,3044],{"class":80},[66,18033,200],{"class":84},[66,18035,3044],{"class":80},[66,18037,1111],{"class":102},[66,18039,3370],{"class":102},[66,18041,2729],{"class":478},[66,18043,17824],{"class":102},[66,18045,3039],{"class":80},[66,18047,4514],{"class":84},[66,18049,3044],{"class":80},[66,18051,1111],{"class":102},[66,18053,18054],{"class":102}," [],",[66,18056,3039],{"class":80},[66,18058,9501],{"class":84},[66,18060,3044],{"class":80},[66,18062,1111],{"class":102},[66,18064,18065],{"class":102}," []}\n",[20,18067,18068],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18070,18071],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[52,18073,4715,18075],{"id":18074},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18076,16981],{},[20,18078,18079,18081],{},[15,18080,16986],{}," is a good choice when:",[33,18083,18084,18087,18090],{},[36,18085,18086],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[36,18088,18089],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[36,18091,18092],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18094,1858],{},[57,18096,18098],{"className":59,"code":18097,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18099,18100,18145],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18101,18102,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18137,18139,18141,18143],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18103,18104],{"class":72},"flags ",[66,18106,77],{"class":76},[66,18108,8931],{"class":2641},[66,18110,103],{"class":102},[66,18112,17046],{"class":106},[66,18114,2726],{"class":102},[66,18116,113],{"class":80},[66,18118,18119],{"class":84},"is_admin",[66,18121,113],{"class":80},[66,18123,121],{"class":102},[66,18125,81],{"class":80},[66,18127,14840],{"class":84},[66,18129,113],{"class":80},[66,18131,121],{"class":102},[66,18133,81],{"class":80},[66,18135,18136],{"class":84},"is_verified",[66,18138,113],{"class":80},[66,18140,17824],{"class":102},[66,18142,3659],{"class":3602},[66,18144,131],{"class":102},[66,18146,18147,18149,18151,18154],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18148,138],{"class":137},[66,18150,110],{"class":102},[66,18152,18153],{"class":106},"flags",[66,18155,131],{"class":102},[57,18157,18159],{"className":59,"code":18158,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18160,18161,18206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18162,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18180,18182,18184,18186,18189,18191,18193,18195,18198,18200,18202,18204],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18164,4818],{"class":72},[66,18166,77],{"class":76},[66,18168,8931],{"class":2641},[66,18170,103],{"class":102},[66,18172,17046],{"class":106},[66,18174,2726],{"class":102},[66,18176,113],{"class":80},[66,18178,18179],{"class":84},"math",[66,18181,113],{"class":80},[66,18183,121],{"class":102},[66,18185,81],{"class":80},[66,18187,18188],{"class":84},"science",[66,18190,113],{"class":80},[66,18192,121],{"class":102},[66,18194,81],{"class":80},[66,18196,18197],{"class":84},"history",[66,18199,113],{"class":80},[66,18201,17824],{"class":102},[66,18203,3584],{"class":478},[66,18205,131],{"class":102},[66,18207,18208,18210,18212,18214],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18209,138],{"class":137},[66,18211,110],{"class":102},[66,18213,16151],{"class":106},[66,18215,131],{"class":102},[20,18217,18218,18219,18221],{},"It is ",[398,18220,4383],{}," the best choice when:",[33,18223,18224,18227],{},[36,18225,18226],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[36,18228,18229],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[52,18231,18233,18235],{"id":18232},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18234,16981],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18237,18238,18240],{},[15,18239,16981],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[258,18242,8176,18244],{"id":18243},"using-fromkeys",[15,18245,16981],{},[57,18247,18249],{"className":59,"code":18248,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18250,18251,18296],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18252,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18270,18272,18274,18276,18279,18281,18283,18285,18288,18290,18292,18294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18254,13587],{"class":72},[66,18256,77],{"class":76},[66,18258,8931],{"class":2641},[66,18260,103],{"class":102},[66,18262,17046],{"class":106},[66,18264,2726],{"class":102},[66,18266,113],{"class":80},[66,18268,18269],{"class":84},"sound",[66,18271,113],{"class":80},[66,18273,121],{"class":102},[66,18275,81],{"class":80},[66,18277,18278],{"class":84},"music",[66,18280,113],{"class":80},[66,18282,121],{"class":102},[66,18284,81],{"class":80},[66,18286,18287],{"class":84},"notifications",[66,18289,113],{"class":80},[66,18291,17824],{"class":102},[66,18293,3668],{"class":3602},[66,18295,131],{"class":102},[66,18297,18298,18300,18302,18304],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18299,138],{"class":137},[66,18301,110],{"class":102},[66,18303,13646],{"class":106},[66,18305,131],{"class":102},[258,18307,18309],{"id":18308},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[57,18311,18313],{"className":59,"code":18312,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18314,18315,18323,18337,18351,18363,18367],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18316,18317,18319,18321],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18318,13587],{"class":72},[66,18320,77],{"class":76},[66,18322,11256],{"class":102},[66,18324,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18326,11261],{"class":80},[66,18328,18269],{"class":84},[66,18330,113],{"class":80},[66,18332,1111],{"class":102},[66,18334,3668],{"class":3602},[66,18336,11277],{"class":102},[66,18338,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,18340,11261],{"class":80},[66,18342,18278],{"class":84},[66,18344,113],{"class":80},[66,18346,1111],{"class":102},[66,18348,3659],{"class":3602},[66,18350,11277],{"class":102},[66,18352,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,18354,11261],{"class":80},[66,18356,18287],{"class":84},[66,18358,113],{"class":80},[66,18360,1111],{"class":102},[66,18362,6176],{"class":3602},[66,18364,18365],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,18366,9070],{"class":102},[66,18368,18369,18371,18373,18375],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,18370,138],{"class":137},[66,18372,110],{"class":102},[66,18374,13646],{"class":106},[66,18376,131],{"class":102},[20,18378,18379],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[258,18381,18383],{"id":18382},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[57,18385,18387],{"className":59,"code":18386,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18388,18389,18421,18445],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18390,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18392,17005],{"class":72},[66,18394,77],{"class":76},[66,18396,3370],{"class":102},[66,18398,113],{"class":80},[66,18400,200],{"class":84},[66,18402,113],{"class":80},[66,18404,121],{"class":102},[66,18406,81],{"class":80},[66,18408,4514],{"class":84},[66,18410,113],{"class":80},[66,18412,121],{"class":102},[66,18414,81],{"class":80},[66,18416,9501],{"class":84},[66,18418,113],{"class":80},[66,18420,3383],{"class":102},[66,18422,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18424,8926],{"class":72},[66,18426,77],{"class":76},[66,18428,10253],{"class":102},[66,18430,14603],{"class":72},[66,18432,1111],{"class":102},[66,18434,17966],{"class":102},[66,18436,3628],{"class":3627},[66,18438,17971],{"class":72},[66,18440,3634],{"class":3627},[66,18442,17976],{"class":72},[66,18444,9070],{"class":102},[66,18446,18447,18449,18451,18453],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,18448,138],{"class":137},[66,18450,110],{"class":102},[66,18452,8965],{"class":106},[66,18454,131],{"class":102},[20,18456,18457],{},"Use:",[33,18459,18460,18465,18468],{},[36,18461,18462,18464],{},[15,18463,16981],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[36,18466,18467],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[36,18469,18470],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18472,18473,18474,103],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[200,18475,10500,18476,774],{"href":13794},[15,18477,14715],{},[52,18479,2568],{"id":2567},[20,18481,14495,18482,103],{},[15,18483,16986],{},[258,18485,18487],{"id":18486},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[57,18489,18491],{"className":59,"code":18490,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18492,18493,18526,18549],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18494,18495,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18496,18497],{"class":72},"d ",[66,18499,77],{"class":76},[66,18501,8931],{"class":2641},[66,18503,103],{"class":102},[66,18505,17046],{"class":106},[66,18507,2726],{"class":102},[66,18509,113],{"class":80},[66,18511,200],{"class":84},[66,18513,113],{"class":80},[66,18515,121],{"class":102},[66,18517,81],{"class":80},[66,18519,4514],{"class":84},[66,18521,113],{"class":80},[66,18523,17824],{"class":102},[66,18525,17758],{"class":102},[66,18527,18528,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18529,18530],{"class":72},"d",[66,18532,3652],{"class":102},[66,18534,113],{"class":80},[66,18536,200],{"class":84},[66,18538,113],{"class":80},[66,18540,13311],{"class":102},[66,18542,13314],{"class":106},[66,18544,110],{"class":102},[66,18546,2729],{"class":478},[66,18548,131],{"class":102},[66,18550,18551,18553,18555,18557],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,18552,138],{"class":137},[66,18554,110],{"class":102},[66,18556,18530],{"class":106},[66,18558,131],{"class":102},[20,18560,148],{},[57,18562,18564],{"className":59,"code":18563,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18565,18566],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18567,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18569,9039],{"class":102},[66,18571,3044],{"class":80},[66,18573,200],{"class":84},[66,18575,3044],{"class":80},[66,18577,1111],{"class":102},[66,18579,3370],{"class":102},[66,18581,2729],{"class":478},[66,18583,17824],{"class":102},[66,18585,3039],{"class":80},[66,18587,4514],{"class":84},[66,18589,3044],{"class":80},[66,18591,1111],{"class":102},[66,18593,3370],{"class":102},[66,18595,2729],{"class":478},[66,18597,13467],{"class":102},[20,18599,18600],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18602,18603],{},"Use this instead:",[57,18605,18607],{"className":59,"code":18606,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18608,18609,18633,18657],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18610,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18612,17005],{"class":72},[66,18614,77],{"class":76},[66,18616,3370],{"class":102},[66,18618,113],{"class":80},[66,18620,200],{"class":84},[66,18622,113],{"class":80},[66,18624,121],{"class":102},[66,18626,81],{"class":80},[66,18628,4514],{"class":84},[66,18630,113],{"class":80},[66,18632,3383],{"class":102},[66,18634,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18636,18497],{"class":72},[66,18638,77],{"class":76},[66,18640,10253],{"class":102},[66,18642,14603],{"class":72},[66,18644,1111],{"class":102},[66,18646,17966],{"class":102},[66,18648,3628],{"class":3627},[66,18650,17971],{"class":72},[66,18652,3634],{"class":3627},[66,18654,17976],{"class":72},[66,18656,9070],{"class":102},[66,18658,18659,18661,18663,18665],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,18660,138],{"class":137},[66,18662,110],{"class":102},[66,18664,18530],{"class":106},[66,18666,131],{"class":102},[258,18668,18670,18671,18673],{"id":18669},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18672,16981],{}," on a list",[20,18675,18676],{},"Wrong idea:",[57,18678,18680],{"className":59,"code":18679,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18681,18682,18714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18683,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18685,17005],{"class":72},[66,18687,77],{"class":76},[66,18689,3370],{"class":102},[66,18691,113],{"class":80},[66,18693,200],{"class":84},[66,18695,113],{"class":80},[66,18697,121],{"class":102},[66,18699,81],{"class":80},[66,18701,4514],{"class":84},[66,18703,113],{"class":80},[66,18705,121],{"class":102},[66,18707,81],{"class":80},[66,18709,9501],{"class":84},[66,18711,113],{"class":80},[66,18713,3383],{"class":102},[66,18715,18716],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18717,18718],{"class":3413},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18720,18721,18723,18724,18726,18727,103],{},[15,18722,16981],{}," belongs to ",[15,18725,8581],{},", not ",[15,18728,7851],{},[20,18730,18731],{},"Correct usage:",[57,18733,18735],{"className":59,"code":18734,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18736,18737,18769,18791],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18738,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18740,17005],{"class":72},[66,18742,77],{"class":76},[66,18744,3370],{"class":102},[66,18746,113],{"class":80},[66,18748,200],{"class":84},[66,18750,113],{"class":80},[66,18752,121],{"class":102},[66,18754,81],{"class":80},[66,18756,4514],{"class":84},[66,18758,113],{"class":80},[66,18760,121],{"class":102},[66,18762,81],{"class":80},[66,18764,9501],{"class":84},[66,18766,113],{"class":80},[66,18768,3383],{"class":102},[66,18770,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18772,18497],{"class":72},[66,18774,77],{"class":76},[66,18776,8931],{"class":2641},[66,18778,103],{"class":102},[66,18780,17046],{"class":106},[66,18782,110],{"class":102},[66,18784,16686],{"class":106},[66,18786,121],{"class":102},[66,18788,3584],{"class":478},[66,18790,131],{"class":102},[66,18792,18793,18795,18797,18799],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,18794,138],{"class":137},[66,18796,110],{"class":102},[66,18798,18530],{"class":106},[66,18800,131],{"class":102},[258,18802,1119,18804,18806],{"id":18803},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18805,16981],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18808,18809,18811],{},[15,18810,16986],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[57,18813,18815],{"className":59,"code":18814,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18816,18817,18837,18871,18875,18885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18818,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18820,11848],{"class":72},[66,18822,77],{"class":76},[66,18824,10253],{"class":102},[66,18826,113],{"class":80},[66,18828,960],{"class":84},[66,18830,113],{"class":80},[66,18832,1111],{"class":102},[66,18834,479],{"class":478},[66,18836,9070],{"class":102},[66,18838,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18840,12801],{"class":72},[66,18842,77],{"class":76},[66,18844,8931],{"class":2641},[66,18846,103],{"class":102},[66,18848,17046],{"class":106},[66,18850,2726],{"class":102},[66,18852,113],{"class":80},[66,18854,200],{"class":84},[66,18856,113],{"class":80},[66,18858,121],{"class":102},[66,18860,81],{"class":80},[66,18862,4514],{"class":84},[66,18864,113],{"class":80},[66,18866,17824],{"class":102},[66,18868,3584],{"class":478},[66,18870,131],{"class":102},[66,18872,18873],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,18874,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,18876,18877,18879,18881,18883],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,18878,138],{"class":137},[66,18880,110],{"class":102},[66,18882,11895],{"class":106},[66,18884,131],{"class":102},[66,18886,18887,18889,18891,18894],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,18888,138],{"class":137},[66,18890,110],{"class":102},[66,18892,18893],{"class":106},"new_dict",[66,18895,131],{"class":102},[20,18897,148],{},[57,18899,18901],{"className":59,"code":18900,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18902,18903,18919],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18904,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18906,9039],{"class":102},[66,18908,3044],{"class":80},[66,18910,960],{"class":84},[66,18912,3044],{"class":80},[66,18914,1111],{"class":102},[66,18916,479],{"class":478},[66,18918,9070],{"class":102},[66,18920,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18922,9039],{"class":102},[66,18924,3044],{"class":80},[66,18926,200],{"class":84},[66,18928,3044],{"class":80},[66,18930,1111],{"class":102},[66,18932,3584],{"class":478},[66,18934,121],{"class":102},[66,18936,3039],{"class":80},[66,18938,4514],{"class":84},[66,18940,3044],{"class":80},[66,18942,1111],{"class":102},[66,18944,3584],{"class":478},[66,18946,9070],{"class":102},[20,18948,18949,18950,103],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[200,18951,10500,18952,774],{"href":13794},[15,18953,14715],{},[258,18955,18957,18958],{"id":18956},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18959,3528],{},[57,18961,18963],{"className":59,"code":18962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18964,18965,18995],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18966,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18968,18497],{"class":72},[66,18970,77],{"class":76},[66,18972,8931],{"class":2641},[66,18974,103],{"class":102},[66,18976,17046],{"class":106},[66,18978,2726],{"class":102},[66,18980,113],{"class":80},[66,18982,960],{"class":84},[66,18984,113],{"class":80},[66,18986,121],{"class":102},[66,18988,81],{"class":80},[66,18990,969],{"class":84},[66,18992,113],{"class":80},[66,18994,3640],{"class":102},[66,18996,18997,18999,19001,19003],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,18998,138],{"class":137},[66,19000,110],{"class":102},[66,19002,18530],{"class":106},[66,19004,131],{"class":102},[20,19006,148],{},[57,19008,19010],{"className":59,"code":19009,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19011,19012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19013,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19015,9039],{"class":102},[66,19017,3044],{"class":80},[66,19019,960],{"class":84},[66,19021,3044],{"class":80},[66,19023,1111],{"class":102},[66,19025,3603],{"class":3602},[66,19027,121],{"class":102},[66,19029,3039],{"class":80},[66,19031,969],{"class":84},[66,19033,3044],{"class":80},[66,19035,1111],{"class":102},[66,19037,3603],{"class":3602},[66,19039,9070],{"class":102},[20,19041,19042,19043,103],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19044,3528],{},[52,19046,19048],{"id":19047},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19050,19051,19052,19054],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19053,16981],{}," works.",[57,19056,19058],{"className":59,"code":19057,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19059,19060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19061,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19063,138],{"class":137},[66,19065,110],{"class":102},[66,19067,8581],{"class":2641},[66,19069,103],{"class":102},[66,19071,17046],{"class":106},[66,19073,2726],{"class":102},[66,19075,113],{"class":80},[66,19077,200],{"class":84},[66,19079,113],{"class":80},[66,19081,121],{"class":102},[66,19083,81],{"class":80},[66,19085,4514],{"class":84},[66,19087,113],{"class":80},[66,19089,17824],{"class":102},[66,19091,3584],{"class":478},[66,19093,1330],{"class":102},[57,19095,19096],{"className":59,"code":18962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,19097,19098,19128],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19099,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19101,18497],{"class":72},[66,19103,77],{"class":76},[66,19105,8931],{"class":2641},[66,19107,103],{"class":102},[66,19109,17046],{"class":106},[66,19111,2726],{"class":102},[66,19113,113],{"class":80},[66,19115,960],{"class":84},[66,19117,113],{"class":80},[66,19119,121],{"class":102},[66,19121,81],{"class":80},[66,19123,969],{"class":84},[66,19125,113],{"class":80},[66,19127,3640],{"class":102},[66,19129,19130,19132,19134,19136],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,19131,138],{"class":137},[66,19133,110],{"class":102},[66,19135,18530],{"class":106},[66,19137,131],{"class":102},[57,19139,19140],{"className":59,"code":18490,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,19141,19142,19174,19196],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19143,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19145,18497],{"class":72},[66,19147,77],{"class":76},[66,19149,8931],{"class":2641},[66,19151,103],{"class":102},[66,19153,17046],{"class":106},[66,19155,2726],{"class":102},[66,19157,113],{"class":80},[66,19159,200],{"class":84},[66,19161,113],{"class":80},[66,19163,121],{"class":102},[66,19165,81],{"class":80},[66,19167,4514],{"class":84},[66,19169,113],{"class":80},[66,19171,17824],{"class":102},[66,19173,17758],{"class":102},[66,19175,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,19177,18530],{"class":72},[66,19179,3652],{"class":102},[66,19181,113],{"class":80},[66,19183,200],{"class":84},[66,19185,113],{"class":80},[66,19187,13311],{"class":102},[66,19189,13314],{"class":106},[66,19191,110],{"class":102},[66,19193,2729],{"class":478},[66,19195,131],{"class":102},[66,19197,19198,19200,19202,19204],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,19199,138],{"class":137},[66,19201,110],{"class":102},[66,19203,18530],{"class":106},[66,19205,131],{"class":102},[57,19207,19209],{"className":59,"code":19208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19210,19211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19212,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19214,138],{"class":137},[66,19216,110],{"class":102},[66,19218,2964],{"class":2641},[66,19220,110],{"class":102},[66,19222,8581],{"class":2641},[66,19224,103],{"class":102},[66,19226,17046],{"class":106},[66,19228,2726],{"class":102},[66,19230,2729],{"class":478},[66,19232,121],{"class":102},[66,19234,561],{"class":478},[66,19236,121],{"class":102},[66,19238,2186],{"class":478},[66,19240,17824],{"class":102},[66,19242,81],{"class":80},[66,19244,2208],{"class":84},[66,19246,113],{"class":80},[66,19248,2652],{"class":102},[52,19250,1518],{"id":1517},[258,19252,1522,19254,19256],{"id":19253},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19255,16981],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19258,19259],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[258,19261,19263],{"id":19262},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19265,19266,19267,103],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19268,3528],{},[258,19270,19272],{"id":19271},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19274,19275],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[258,19277,19279],{"id":19278},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19281,17914],{},[57,19283,19285],{"className":59,"code":19284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19286,19287,19319],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19288,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19290,17005],{"class":72},[66,19292,77],{"class":76},[66,19294,3370],{"class":102},[66,19296,113],{"class":80},[66,19298,200],{"class":84},[66,19300,113],{"class":80},[66,19302,121],{"class":102},[66,19304,81],{"class":80},[66,19306,4514],{"class":84},[66,19308,113],{"class":80},[66,19310,121],{"class":102},[66,19312,81],{"class":80},[66,19314,9501],{"class":84},[66,19316,113],{"class":80},[66,19318,3383],{"class":102},[66,19320,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,19322,8926],{"class":72},[66,19324,77],{"class":76},[66,19326,10253],{"class":102},[66,19328,14603],{"class":72},[66,19330,1111],{"class":102},[66,19332,17966],{"class":102},[66,19334,3628],{"class":3627},[66,19336,17971],{"class":72},[66,19338,3634],{"class":3627},[66,19340,17976],{"class":72},[66,19342,9070],{"class":102},[52,19344,1620],{"id":1619},[33,19346,19347,19351,19355,19359,19365],{},[36,19348,19349],{},[200,19350,11005],{"href":12789},[36,19352,19353],{},[200,19354,8916],{"href":12786},[36,19356,19357],{},[200,19358,11014],{"href":17665},[36,19360,19361],{},[200,19362,10500,19363,774],{"href":13794},[15,19364,14715],{},[36,19366,19367],{},[200,19368,10500,19369,774],{"href":14760},[15,19370,12539],{},[20,19372,160,19373,19375],{},[15,19374,16986],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1651,19377,19378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":19380},[19381,19382,19384,19388,19389,19391,19396,19398,19405,19414,19415,19422],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":17086,"depth":91,"text":19383},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17130,"depth":91,"text":17131,"children":19385},[19386,19387],{"id":260,"depth":134,"text":261},{"id":17179,"depth":134,"text":17180},{"id":282,"depth":91,"text":283},{"id":17340,"depth":91,"text":19390},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17669,"depth":91,"text":17670,"children":19392},[19393,19394,19395],{"id":17699,"depth":134,"text":17700},{"id":17862,"depth":134,"text":17863},{"id":17910,"depth":134,"text":17911},{"id":18074,"depth":91,"text":19397},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18232,"depth":91,"text":19399,"children":19400},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19401,19403,19404],{"id":18243,"depth":134,"text":19402},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18308,"depth":134,"text":18309},{"id":18382,"depth":134,"text":18383},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":19406},[19407,19408,19410,19412],{"id":18486,"depth":134,"text":18487},{"id":18669,"depth":134,"text":19409},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18803,"depth":134,"text":19411},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18956,"depth":134,"text":19413},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19047,"depth":91,"text":19048},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":19416},[19417,19419,19420,19421],{"id":19253,"depth":134,"text":19418},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19262,"depth":134,"text":19263},{"id":19271,"depth":134,"text":19272},{"id":19278,"depth":134,"text":19279},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16973,"description":19423},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19430,"title":19431,"body":19432,"description":21262,"extension":1694,"meta":21263,"navigation":338,"path":21264,"seo":21265,"stem":21266,"__hash__":21267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19433,"toc":21229},[19434,19439,19445,19456,19586,19593,19598,19602,19618,19620,19718,19721,19738,19742,19744,19749,19787,19790,19808,19810,19928,19933,19937,19953,19956,20092,20095,20100,20106,20109,20146,20149,20153,20158,20234,20238,20243,20325,20327,20343,20348,20352,20358,20427,20430,20447,20450,20532,20538,20541,20561,20565,20570,20576,20582,20653,20656,20662,20665,20739,20746,20752,20760,20770,20772,20867,20873,20878,20965,20971,20973,20978,21000,21003,21098,21101,21132,21145,21147,21155,21161,21167,21170,21176,21181,21188,21193,21195,21226],[10,19435,11081,19437,18],{"id":19436},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19438,10503],{},[20,19440,19441,19442,19444],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19443,10503],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19446,19447,19448,1923,19451,2131,19453,19455],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19449,19450],{},"KeyError",[15,19452,10503],{},[15,19454,3528],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[57,19457,19459],{"className":59,"code":19458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19460,19461,19497,19501,19527,19552],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19462,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19464,12965],{"class":72},[66,19466,77],{"class":76},[66,19468,10253],{"class":102},[66,19470,113],{"class":80},[66,19472,7423],{"class":84},[66,19474,113],{"class":80},[66,19476,1111],{"class":102},[66,19478,81],{"class":80},[66,19480,12643],{"class":84},[66,19482,113],{"class":80},[66,19484,121],{"class":102},[66,19486,81],{"class":80},[66,19488,9060],{"class":84},[66,19490,113],{"class":80},[66,19492,1111],{"class":102},[66,19494,9067],{"class":478},[66,19496,9070],{"class":102},[66,19498,19499],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,19500,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,19502,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,19504,138],{"class":137},[66,19506,110],{"class":102},[66,19508,17070],{"class":106},[66,19510,103],{"class":102},[66,19512,19513],{"class":106},"get",[66,19515,110],{"class":102},[66,19517,113],{"class":80},[66,19519,7423],{"class":84},[66,19521,113],{"class":80},[66,19523,5117],{"class":102},[66,19525,19526],{"class":3413},"           # Ana\n",[66,19528,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,19530,138],{"class":137},[66,19532,110],{"class":102},[66,19534,17070],{"class":106},[66,19536,103],{"class":102},[66,19538,19513],{"class":106},[66,19540,110],{"class":102},[66,19542,113],{"class":80},[66,19544,10171],{"class":84},[66,19546,113],{"class":80},[66,19548,5117],{"class":102},[66,19550,19551],{"class":3413},"           # None\n",[66,19553,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19579,19581,19583],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,19555,138],{"class":137},[66,19557,110],{"class":102},[66,19559,17070],{"class":106},[66,19561,103],{"class":102},[66,19563,19513],{"class":106},[66,19565,110],{"class":102},[66,19567,113],{"class":80},[66,19569,10171],{"class":84},[66,19571,113],{"class":80},[66,19573,121],{"class":102},[66,19575,81],{"class":80},[66,19577,19578],{"class":84},"N\u002FA",[66,19580,113],{"class":80},[66,19582,5117],{"class":102},[66,19584,19585],{"class":3413},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19587,160,19588,19590,19591,103],{},[15,19589,10503],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19592,19450],{},[52,19594,168,19596,41],{"id":19595},"what-get-does",[15,19597,10503],{},[20,19599,1711,19600,11175],{},[15,19601,10503],{},[33,19603,19604,19607,19612,19615],{},[36,19605,19606],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[36,19608,11186,19609,19611],{},[15,19610,3528],{}," if the key does not exist",[36,19613,19614],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[36,19616,19617],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19619,923],{},[57,19621,19623],{"className":59,"code":19622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19624,19625,19664,19668,19693],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19626,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19646,19648,19650,19652,19655,19657,19659,19662],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19628,12626],{"class":72},[66,19630,77],{"class":76},[66,19632,10253],{"class":102},[66,19634,113],{"class":80},[66,19636,7423],{"class":84},[66,19638,113],{"class":80},[66,19640,1111],{"class":102},[66,19642,81],{"class":80},[66,19644,19645],{"class":84},"Lina",[66,19647,113],{"class":80},[66,19649,121],{"class":102},[66,19651,81],{"class":80},[66,19653,19654],{"class":84},"grade",[66,19656,113],{"class":80},[66,19658,1111],{"class":102},[66,19660,19661],{"class":478}," 90",[66,19663,9070],{"class":102},[66,19665,19666],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,19667,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,19669,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,19671,138],{"class":137},[66,19673,110],{"class":102},[66,19675,13387],{"class":106},[66,19677,103],{"class":102},[66,19679,19513],{"class":106},[66,19681,110],{"class":102},[66,19683,113],{"class":80},[66,19685,7423],{"class":84},[66,19687,113],{"class":80},[66,19689,5117],{"class":102},[66,19691,19692],{"class":3413},"     # Lina\n",[66,19694,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,19696,138],{"class":137},[66,19698,110],{"class":102},[66,19700,13387],{"class":106},[66,19702,103],{"class":102},[66,19704,19513],{"class":106},[66,19706,110],{"class":102},[66,19708,113],{"class":80},[66,19710,15020],{"class":84},[66,19712,113],{"class":80},[66,19714,5117],{"class":102},[66,19716,19717],{"class":3413},"    # None\n",[20,19719,19720],{},"In this example:",[33,19722,19723,19728],{},[36,19724,19725,19727],{},[15,19726,15001],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[36,19729,19730,19733,19734,2131,19736],{},[15,19731,19732],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19735,10503],{},[15,19737,3528],{},[20,19739,12783,19740,103],{},[200,19741,8916],{"href":8915},[52,19743,1891],{"id":1890},[20,19745,19746,19747,1111],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19748,10503],{},[57,19750,19752],{"className":59,"code":19751,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19753,19754,19768],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19755,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19757,15366],{"class":72},[66,19759,103],{"class":102},[66,19761,19513],{"class":106},[66,19763,110],{"class":102},[66,19765,14603],{"class":106},[66,19767,131],{"class":102},[66,19769,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19785],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,19771,15366],{"class":72},[66,19773,103],{"class":102},[66,19775,19513],{"class":106},[66,19777,110],{"class":102},[66,19779,14603],{"class":106},[66,19781,121],{"class":102},[66,19783,19784],{"class":106}," default_value",[66,19786,131],{"class":102},[20,19788,19789],{},"What each part means:",[33,19791,19792,19797,19803],{},[36,19793,19794,19796],{},[15,19795,14603],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[36,19798,19799,19802],{},[15,19800,19801],{},"default_value"," is optional",[36,19804,19805,19806],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19807,3528],{},[20,19809,923],{},[57,19811,19813],{"className":59,"code":19812,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19814,19815,19839,19843,19868,19894],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19816,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19818,13587],{"class":72},[66,19820,77],{"class":76},[66,19822,10253],{"class":102},[66,19824,113],{"class":80},[66,19826,12257],{"class":84},[66,19828,113],{"class":80},[66,19830,1111],{"class":102},[66,19832,81],{"class":80},[66,19834,12266],{"class":84},[66,19836,113],{"class":80},[66,19838,9070],{"class":102},[66,19840,19841],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,19842,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,19844,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,19846,138],{"class":137},[66,19848,110],{"class":102},[66,19850,13646],{"class":106},[66,19852,103],{"class":102},[66,19854,19513],{"class":106},[66,19856,110],{"class":102},[66,19858,113],{"class":80},[66,19860,12257],{"class":84},[66,19862,113],{"class":80},[66,19864,5117],{"class":102},[66,19866,19867],{"class":3413},"            # dark\n",[66,19869,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19887,19889,19891],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,19871,138],{"class":137},[66,19873,110],{"class":102},[66,19875,13646],{"class":106},[66,19877,103],{"class":102},[66,19879,19513],{"class":106},[66,19881,110],{"class":102},[66,19883,113],{"class":80},[66,19885,19886],{"class":84},"language",[66,19888,113],{"class":80},[66,19890,5117],{"class":102},[66,19892,19893],{"class":3413},"         # None\n",[66,19895,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19921,19923,19925],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,19897,138],{"class":137},[66,19899,110],{"class":102},[66,19901,13646],{"class":106},[66,19903,103],{"class":102},[66,19905,19513],{"class":106},[66,19907,110],{"class":102},[66,19909,113],{"class":80},[66,19911,19886],{"class":84},[66,19913,113],{"class":80},[66,19915,121],{"class":102},[66,19917,81],{"class":80},[66,19919,19920],{"class":84},"en",[66,19922,113],{"class":80},[66,19924,5117],{"class":102},[66,19926,19927],{"class":3413},"   # en\n",[52,19929,4715,19931],{"id":19930},"when-to-use-get",[15,19932,10503],{},[20,19934,160,19935,10364],{},[15,19936,10503],{},[33,19938,19939,19942,19947,19950],{},[36,19940,19941],{},"A key might not exist",[36,19943,19944,19945],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19946,19450],{},[36,19948,19949],{},"You are reading optional data",[36,19951,19952],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19954,19955],{},"Example with optional user data:",[57,19957,19959],{"className":59,"code":19958,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19960,19961,20003,20007,20032,20058],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19962,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19999,20001],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19964,11251],{"class":72},[66,19966,77],{"class":76},[66,19968,10253],{"class":102},[66,19970,113],{"class":80},[66,19972,7742],{"class":84},[66,19974,113],{"class":80},[66,19976,1111],{"class":102},[66,19978,81],{"class":80},[66,19980,19981],{"class":84},"sam",[66,19983,113],{"class":80},[66,19985,121],{"class":102},[66,19987,81],{"class":80},[66,19989,15020],{"class":84},[66,19991,113],{"class":80},[66,19993,1111],{"class":102},[66,19995,81],{"class":80},[66,19997,19998],{"class":84},"sam@example.com",[66,20000,113],{"class":80},[66,20002,9070],{"class":102},[66,20004,20005],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20006,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20008,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20010,138],{"class":137},[66,20012,110],{"class":102},[66,20014,11345],{"class":106},[66,20016,103],{"class":102},[66,20018,19513],{"class":106},[66,20020,110],{"class":102},[66,20022,113],{"class":80},[66,20024,7742],{"class":84},[66,20026,113],{"class":80},[66,20028,5117],{"class":102},[66,20030,20031],{"class":3413},"              # sam\n",[66,20033,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20051,20053,20055],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20035,138],{"class":137},[66,20037,110],{"class":102},[66,20039,11345],{"class":106},[66,20041,103],{"class":102},[66,20043,19513],{"class":106},[66,20045,110],{"class":102},[66,20047,113],{"class":80},[66,20049,20050],{"class":84},"phone",[66,20052,113],{"class":80},[66,20054,5117],{"class":102},[66,20056,20057],{"class":3413},"                 # None\n",[66,20059,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20085,20087,20089],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,20061,138],{"class":137},[66,20063,110],{"class":102},[66,20065,11345],{"class":106},[66,20067,103],{"class":102},[66,20069,19513],{"class":106},[66,20071,110],{"class":102},[66,20073,113],{"class":80},[66,20075,20050],{"class":84},[66,20077,113],{"class":80},[66,20079,121],{"class":102},[66,20081,81],{"class":80},[66,20083,20084],{"class":84},"Not provided",[66,20086,113],{"class":80},[66,20088,5117],{"class":102},[66,20090,20091],{"class":3413}," # Not provided\n",[20,20093,20094],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20096,20097,20098,103],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[200,20099,16360],{"href":16359},[52,20101,20103,20105],{"id":20102},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20104,10503],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20107,20108],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[57,20110,20112],{"className":59,"code":20111,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20113,20114,20128],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20115,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20117,8965],{"class":72},[66,20119,3652],{"class":102},[66,20121,113],{"class":80},[66,20123,14603],{"class":84},[66,20125,113],{"class":80},[66,20127,3383],{"class":102},[66,20129,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20131,8965],{"class":72},[66,20133,103],{"class":102},[66,20135,19513],{"class":106},[66,20137,110],{"class":102},[66,20139,113],{"class":80},[66,20141,14603],{"class":84},[66,20143,113],{"class":80},[66,20145,131],{"class":102},[20,20147,20148],{},"The difference is important.",[258,20150,20152],{"id":20151},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20154,20155,20156,103],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20157,19450],{},[57,20159,20161],{"className":59,"code":20160,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20162,20163,20187,20191,20213],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20164,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20166,8926],{"class":72},[66,20168,77],{"class":76},[66,20170,10253],{"class":102},[66,20172,113],{"class":80},[66,20174,7423],{"class":84},[66,20176,113],{"class":80},[66,20178,1111],{"class":102},[66,20180,81],{"class":80},[66,20182,12643],{"class":84},[66,20184,113],{"class":80},[66,20186,9070],{"class":102},[66,20188,20189],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20190,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20192,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20210],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20194,138],{"class":137},[66,20196,110],{"class":102},[66,20198,8965],{"class":106},[66,20200,3652],{"class":102},[66,20202,113],{"class":80},[66,20204,7423],{"class":84},[66,20206,113],{"class":80},[66,20208,20209],{"class":102},"])",[66,20211,20212],{"class":3413},"   # Ana\n",[66,20214,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20216,138],{"class":137},[66,20218,110],{"class":102},[66,20220,8965],{"class":106},[66,20222,3652],{"class":102},[66,20224,113],{"class":80},[66,20226,10171],{"class":84},[66,20228,113],{"class":80},[66,20230,20209],{"class":102},[66,20232,20233],{"class":3413},"   # KeyError\n",[258,20235,20236],{"id":19513},[15,20237,10503],{},[20,20239,20240,20242],{},[15,20241,10503],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[57,20244,20246],{"className":59,"code":20245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20247,20248,20272,20276,20300],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20249,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20251,8926],{"class":72},[66,20253,77],{"class":76},[66,20255,10253],{"class":102},[66,20257,113],{"class":80},[66,20259,7423],{"class":84},[66,20261,113],{"class":80},[66,20263,1111],{"class":102},[66,20265,81],{"class":80},[66,20267,12643],{"class":84},[66,20269,113],{"class":80},[66,20271,9070],{"class":102},[66,20273,20274],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20275,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20277,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20279,138],{"class":137},[66,20281,110],{"class":102},[66,20283,8965],{"class":106},[66,20285,103],{"class":102},[66,20287,19513],{"class":106},[66,20289,110],{"class":102},[66,20291,113],{"class":80},[66,20293,7423],{"class":84},[66,20295,113],{"class":80},[66,20297,5117],{"class":102},[66,20299,20212],{"class":3413},[66,20301,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20303,138],{"class":137},[66,20305,110],{"class":102},[66,20307,8965],{"class":106},[66,20309,103],{"class":102},[66,20311,19513],{"class":106},[66,20313,110],{"class":102},[66,20315,113],{"class":80},[66,20317,10171],{"class":84},[66,20319,113],{"class":80},[66,20321,5117],{"class":102},[66,20323,20324],{"class":3413},"   # None\n",[20,20326,18457],{},[33,20328,20329,20335],{},[36,20330,20331,20332],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[398,20333,20334],{},"must exist",[36,20336,20337,20339,20340],{},[15,20338,10503],{}," when the key is ",[398,20341,20342],{},"optional",[20,20344,20345,20346,103],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[200,20347,11025],{"href":10836},[52,20349,20351],{"id":20350},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20353,20354,20355,20357],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20356,10503],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[57,20359,20361],{"className":59,"code":20360,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20362,20363,20388,20392],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20364,20365,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20366,20367],{"class":72},"profile ",[66,20369,77],{"class":76},[66,20371,10253],{"class":102},[66,20373,113],{"class":80},[66,20375,7423],{"class":84},[66,20377,113],{"class":80},[66,20379,1111],{"class":102},[66,20381,81],{"class":80},[66,20383,7678],{"class":84},[66,20385,113],{"class":80},[66,20387,9070],{"class":102},[66,20389,20390],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20391,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20393,20394,20396,20398,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20420,20422,20424],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20395,138],{"class":137},[66,20397,110],{"class":102},[66,20399,20400],{"class":106},"profile",[66,20402,103],{"class":102},[66,20404,19513],{"class":106},[66,20406,110],{"class":102},[66,20408,113],{"class":80},[66,20410,15023],{"class":84},[66,20412,113],{"class":80},[66,20414,121],{"class":102},[66,20416,81],{"class":80},[66,20418,20419],{"class":84},"Unknown",[66,20421,113],{"class":80},[66,20423,5117],{"class":102},[66,20425,20426],{"class":3413},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20428,20429],{},"This is useful for display text:",[33,20431,20432,20437,20442],{},[36,20433,20434],{},[15,20435,20436],{},"\"Unknown\"",[36,20438,20439],{},[15,20440,20441],{},"\"Not set\"",[36,20443,20444],{},[15,20445,20446],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20448,20449],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[57,20451,20453],{"className":59,"code":20452,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20454,20455,20487,20491,20518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20456,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20458,4818],{"class":72},[66,20460,77],{"class":76},[66,20462,10253],{"class":102},[66,20464,113],{"class":80},[66,20466,18179],{"class":84},[66,20468,113],{"class":80},[66,20470,1111],{"class":102},[66,20472,5757],{"class":478},[66,20474,121],{"class":102},[66,20476,81],{"class":80},[66,20478,18188],{"class":84},[66,20480,113],{"class":80},[66,20482,1111],{"class":102},[66,20484,6112],{"class":478},[66,20486,9070],{"class":102},[66,20488,20489],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20490,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20492,20493,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20494,20495],{"class":72},"total_history ",[66,20497,77],{"class":76},[66,20499,4865],{"class":72},[66,20501,103],{"class":102},[66,20503,19513],{"class":106},[66,20505,110],{"class":102},[66,20507,113],{"class":80},[66,20509,18197],{"class":84},[66,20511,113],{"class":80},[66,20513,121],{"class":102},[66,20515,3584],{"class":478},[66,20517,131],{"class":102},[66,20519,20520,20522,20524,20527,20529],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20521,138],{"class":137},[66,20523,110],{"class":102},[66,20525,20526],{"class":106},"total_history",[66,20528,3410],{"class":102},[66,20530,20531],{"class":3413},"   # 0\n",[20,20533,20534,20535,20537],{},"Here, ",[15,20536,1852],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20539,20540],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[33,20542,20543,20546,20551,20556],{},[36,20544,20545],{},"Use a string for text",[36,20547,160,20548,20550],{},[15,20549,1852],{}," for numbers",[36,20552,160,20553,20555],{},[15,20554,3537],{}," for lists if needed",[36,20557,160,20558,20560],{},[15,20559,3542],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[52,20562,20564],{"id":20563},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20566,20567,20568,103],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20569,10503],{},[258,20571,20573,20575],{"id":20572},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20574,10503],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20577,20578,20579,20581],{},"This code does ",[398,20580,4383],{}," create a new key:",[57,20583,20585],{"className":59,"code":20584,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20586,20587,20611,20615,20640],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20588,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20590,12965],{"class":72},[66,20592,77],{"class":76},[66,20594,10253],{"class":102},[66,20596,113],{"class":80},[66,20598,7423],{"class":84},[66,20600,113],{"class":80},[66,20602,1111],{"class":102},[66,20604,81],{"class":80},[66,20606,12643],{"class":84},[66,20608,113],{"class":80},[66,20610,9070],{"class":102},[66,20612,20613],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20614,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20616,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20618,138],{"class":137},[66,20620,110],{"class":102},[66,20622,17070],{"class":106},[66,20624,103],{"class":102},[66,20626,19513],{"class":106},[66,20628,110],{"class":102},[66,20630,113],{"class":80},[66,20632,10171],{"class":84},[66,20634,113],{"class":80},[66,20636,5117],{"class":102},[66,20638,20639],{"class":3413},"  # None\n",[66,20641,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20643,138],{"class":137},[66,20645,110],{"class":102},[66,20647,17070],{"class":106},[66,20649,3410],{"class":102},[66,20651,20652],{"class":3413},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20654,20655],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[258,20657,20659,20661],{"id":20658},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20660,10503],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20663,20664],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[57,20666,20668],{"className":59,"code":20667,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20669,20670,20696,20700,20726],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20671,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20683,20685,20687,20689,20692,20694],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20673,13587],{"class":72},[66,20675,77],{"class":76},[66,20677,10253],{"class":102},[66,20679,113],{"class":80},[66,20681,20682],{"class":84},"mode",[66,20684,113],{"class":80},[66,20686,1111],{"class":102},[66,20688,81],{"class":80},[66,20690,20691],{"class":84},"light",[66,20693,113],{"class":80},[66,20695,9070],{"class":102},[66,20697,20698],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20699,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20701,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20703,13646],{"class":72},[66,20705,103],{"class":102},[66,20707,19513],{"class":106},[66,20709,110],{"class":102},[66,20711,113],{"class":80},[66,20713,12257],{"class":84},[66,20715,113],{"class":80},[66,20717,121],{"class":102},[66,20719,81],{"class":80},[66,20721,12266],{"class":84},[66,20723,113],{"class":80},[66,20725,131],{"class":102},[66,20727,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20729,138],{"class":137},[66,20731,110],{"class":102},[66,20733,13646],{"class":106},[66,20735,3410],{"class":102},[66,20737,20738],{"class":3413},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20740,20741,20742,20745],{},"Even though ",[15,20743,20744],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[258,20747,20749,20750],{"id":20748},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20751,3528],{},[20,20753,20754,20755,2131,20757,20759],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20756,10503],{},[15,20758,3528],{}," because:",[33,20761,20762,20765],{},[36,20763,20764],{},"The key is missing, or",[36,20766,20767,20768],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20769,3528],{},[20,20771,923],{},[57,20773,20775],{"className":59,"code":20774,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20776,20777,20814,20818,20842],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20778,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20806,20808,20810,20812],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20780,8926],{"class":72},[66,20782,77],{"class":76},[66,20784,10253],{"class":102},[66,20786,113],{"class":80},[66,20788,7423],{"class":84},[66,20790,113],{"class":80},[66,20792,1111],{"class":102},[66,20794,81],{"class":80},[66,20796,12643],{"class":84},[66,20798,113],{"class":80},[66,20800,121],{"class":102},[66,20802,81],{"class":80},[66,20804,20805],{"class":84},"nickname",[66,20807,113],{"class":80},[66,20809,1111],{"class":102},[66,20811,3603],{"class":3602},[66,20813,9070],{"class":102},[66,20815,20816],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20817,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20819,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20821,138],{"class":137},[66,20823,110],{"class":102},[66,20825,8965],{"class":106},[66,20827,103],{"class":102},[66,20829,19513],{"class":106},[66,20831,110],{"class":102},[66,20833,113],{"class":80},[66,20835,20805],{"class":84},[66,20837,113],{"class":80},[66,20839,5117],{"class":102},[66,20841,20639],{"class":3413},[66,20843,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20845,138],{"class":137},[66,20847,110],{"class":102},[66,20849,8965],{"class":106},[66,20851,103],{"class":102},[66,20853,19513],{"class":106},[66,20855,110],{"class":102},[66,20857,113],{"class":80},[66,20859,10171],{"class":84},[66,20861,113],{"class":80},[66,20863,5117],{"class":102},[66,20865,20866],{"class":3413},"      # None\n",[20,20868,20869,20870,20872],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20871,3528],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20874,20875,20876,1111],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20877,3634],{},[57,20879,20881],{"className":59,"code":20880,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20882,20883,20919,20923,20944],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20884,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20886,8926],{"class":72},[66,20888,77],{"class":76},[66,20890,10253],{"class":102},[66,20892,113],{"class":80},[66,20894,7423],{"class":84},[66,20896,113],{"class":80},[66,20898,1111],{"class":102},[66,20900,81],{"class":80},[66,20902,12643],{"class":84},[66,20904,113],{"class":80},[66,20906,121],{"class":102},[66,20908,81],{"class":80},[66,20910,20805],{"class":84},[66,20912,113],{"class":80},[66,20914,1111],{"class":102},[66,20916,3603],{"class":3602},[66,20918,9070],{"class":102},[66,20920,20921],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,20922,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,20924,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20938,20940,20942],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,20926,138],{"class":137},[66,20928,110],{"class":102},[66,20930,113],{"class":80},[66,20932,20805],{"class":84},[66,20934,113],{"class":80},[66,20936,20937],{"class":3627}," in",[66,20939,14328],{"class":106},[66,20941,3410],{"class":102},[66,20943,3414],{"class":3413},[66,20945,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,20947,138],{"class":137},[66,20949,110],{"class":102},[66,20951,113],{"class":80},[66,20953,10171],{"class":84},[66,20955,113],{"class":80},[66,20957,20937],{"class":3627},[66,20959,14328],{"class":106},[66,20961,3410],{"class":102},[66,20963,20964],{"class":3413},"      # False\n",[20,20966,20967,20968,103],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[200,20969,20970],{"href":16916},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[52,20972,2568],{"id":2567},[20,20974,20975,20976,1111],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20977,10503],{},[33,20979,20980,20985,20992,20997],{},[36,20981,20982,20983],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20984,19450],{},[36,20986,4457,20987,2131,20989,20991],{},[15,20988,10503],{},[15,20990,3528],{}," if no default is provided",[36,20993,4331,20994,20996],{},[15,20995,10503],{}," creates a key automatically",[36,20998,20999],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21001,21002],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[57,21004,21006],{"className":59,"code":21005,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21007,21008,21018,21032,21050,21072],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21009,21010,21012,21014,21016],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21011,138],{"class":137},[66,21013,110],{"class":102},[66,21015,11212],{"class":106},[66,21017,131],{"class":102},[66,21019,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21021,138],{"class":137},[66,21023,110],{"class":102},[66,21025,11212],{"class":106},[66,21027,103],{"class":102},[66,21029,16686],{"class":106},[66,21031,6949],{"class":102},[66,21033,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,21035,138],{"class":137},[66,21037,110],{"class":102},[66,21039,3044],{"class":80},[66,21041,7423],{"class":84},[66,21043,3044],{"class":80},[66,21045,20937],{"class":3627},[66,21047,11528],{"class":106},[66,21049,131],{"class":102},[66,21051,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,21053,138],{"class":137},[66,21055,110],{"class":102},[66,21057,11212],{"class":106},[66,21059,103],{"class":102},[66,21061,19513],{"class":106},[66,21063,110],{"class":102},[66,21065,3044],{"class":80},[66,21067,7423],{"class":84},[66,21069,3044],{"class":80},[66,21071,1330],{"class":102},[66,21073,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,21075,138],{"class":137},[66,21077,110],{"class":102},[66,21079,2964],{"class":2641},[66,21081,110],{"class":102},[66,21083,11212],{"class":106},[66,21085,103],{"class":102},[66,21087,19513],{"class":106},[66,21089,110],{"class":102},[66,21091,3044],{"class":80},[66,21093,7423],{"class":84},[66,21095,3044],{"class":80},[66,21097,2652],{"class":102},[20,21099,21100],{},"What these checks tell you:",[33,21102,21103,21108,21114,21120,21126],{},[36,21104,21105,21107],{},[15,21106,12442],{}," shows the full dictionary",[36,21109,21110,21113],{},[15,21111,21112],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[36,21115,21116,21119],{},[15,21117,21118],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[36,21121,21122,21125],{},[15,21123,21124],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[36,21127,21128,21131],{},[15,21129,21130],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21133,21134,21135,798,21140,21144],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[200,21136,21137,21138,774],{"href":16825},"the dictionary ",[15,21139,16828],{},[200,21141,21137,21142,774],{"href":16838},[15,21143,16841],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[52,21146,1518],{"id":1517},[258,21148,1522,21150,21152,21153,2228],{"id":21149},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21151,10503],{}," raise ",[15,21154,19450],{},[20,21156,21157,21158,21160],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21159,3528],{}," or the default value you provide.",[258,21162,1522,21164,21166],{"id":21163},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21165,10503],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21168,21169],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[258,21171,21173,21174,2228],{"id":21172},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21175,10503],{},[20,21177,21178,21180],{},[15,21179,3528],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[258,21182,21184,21185,21187],{"id":21183},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21186,10503],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21189,160,21190,21192],{},[15,21191,10503],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[52,21194,1620],{"id":1619},[33,21196,21197,21201,21207,21213,21217,21222],{},[36,21198,21199],{},[200,21200,8916],{"href":8915},[36,21202,21203],{},[200,21204,10500,21205,774],{"href":16825},[15,21206,16828],{},[36,21208,21209],{},[200,21210,10500,21211,774],{"href":16838},[15,21212,16841],{},[36,21214,21215],{},[200,21216,16917],{"href":16916},[36,21218,21219],{},[200,21220,21221],{"href":16359},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[36,21223,21224],{},[200,21225,11025],{"href":10836},[1651,21227,21228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21239,21240],{"id":20151,"depth":134,"text":20152},{"id":19513,"depth":134,"text":10503},{"id":20350,"depth":91,"text":20351},{"id":20563,"depth":91,"text":20564,"children":21243},[21244,21246,21248],{"id":20572,"depth":134,"text":21245},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20658,"depth":134,"text":21247},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20748,"depth":134,"text":21249},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":21252},[21253,21255,21257,21259],{"id":21149,"depth":134,"text":21254},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21163,"depth":134,"text":21256},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21172,"depth":134,"text":21258},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21183,"depth":134,"text":21260},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19431,"description":21262},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21269,"title":21270,"body":21271,"description":23828,"extension":1694,"meta":23829,"navigation":338,"path":23830,"seo":23831,"stem":23832,"__hash__":23833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21272,"toc":23794},[21273,21278,21284,21290,21292,21374,21378,21395,21400,21405,21410,21412,21426,21428,21491,21495,21535,21543,21545,21547,21562,21565,21578,21580,21659,21663,21729,21731,21735,21743,21745,21756,21758,21868,21872,21951,21957,21963,21968,22081,22085,22117,22120,22227,22233,22240,22244,22247,22350,22354,22415,22418,22421,22432,22441,22444,22461,22463,22562,22566,22641,22644,22667,22672,22677,22694,22696,22817,22821,22855,22857,22862,22869,22879,22881,22959,22962,23033,23043,23046,23078,23081,23120,23126,23133,23136,23227,23231,23312,23318,23321,23324,23429,23432,23435,23557,23561,23564,23631,23635,23672,23678,23680,23686,23691,23697,23704,23710,23713,23752,23758,23761,23763,23791],[10,21274,11081,21276,18],{"id":21275},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21277,16841],{},[20,21279,1711,21280,21283],{},[15,21281,21282],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21285,21286,21287,21289],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21288,16841],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[52,21291,55],{"id":54},[57,21293,21295],{"className":59,"code":21294,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21296,21297,21333,21337,21360],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21298,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21300,12965],{"class":72},[66,21302,77],{"class":76},[66,21304,10253],{"class":102},[66,21306,113],{"class":80},[66,21308,7423],{"class":84},[66,21310,113],{"class":80},[66,21312,1111],{"class":102},[66,21314,81],{"class":80},[66,21316,12643],{"class":84},[66,21318,113],{"class":80},[66,21320,121],{"class":102},[66,21322,81],{"class":80},[66,21324,9060],{"class":84},[66,21326,113],{"class":80},[66,21328,1111],{"class":102},[66,21330,9067],{"class":478},[66,21332,9070],{"class":102},[66,21334,21335],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21336,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,21338,21339,21341,21344,21346,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,21340,5710],{"class":3627},[66,21342,21343],{"class":72}," key",[66,21345,121],{"class":102},[66,21347,21348],{"class":72}," value ",[66,21350,3634],{"class":3627},[66,21352,13008],{"class":72},[66,21354,103],{"class":102},[66,21356,7566],{"class":106},[66,21358,21359],{"class":102},"():\n",[66,21361,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,21363,7826],{"class":137},[66,21365,110],{"class":102},[66,21367,14603],{"class":106},[66,21369,121],{"class":102},[66,21371,8192],{"class":106},[66,21373,131],{"class":102},[20,21375,21376],{},[398,21377,148],{},[57,21379,21381],{"className":59,"code":21380,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21382,21383,21388],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21384,21385],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21386,21387],{"class":72},"name Ana\n",[66,21389,21390,21393],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21391,21392],{"class":72},"age ",[66,21394,2446],{"class":478},[20,21396,160,21397,21399],{},[15,21398,16841],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[52,21401,168,21403,41],{"id":21402},"what-items-does",[15,21404,16841],{},[20,21406,21407,21409],{},[15,21408,16841],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21411,11221],{},[33,21413,21414,21420,21423],{},[36,21415,21416,21417],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21418,21419],{},"(key, value)",[36,21421,21422],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[36,21424,21425],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21427,923],{},[57,21429,21431],{"className":59,"code":21430,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21432,21433,21469,21473],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21434,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21436,12965],{"class":72},[66,21438,77],{"class":76},[66,21440,10253],{"class":102},[66,21442,113],{"class":80},[66,21444,7423],{"class":84},[66,21446,113],{"class":80},[66,21448,1111],{"class":102},[66,21450,81],{"class":80},[66,21452,12643],{"class":84},[66,21454,113],{"class":80},[66,21456,121],{"class":102},[66,21458,81],{"class":80},[66,21460,9060],{"class":84},[66,21462,113],{"class":80},[66,21464,1111],{"class":102},[66,21466,9067],{"class":478},[66,21468,9070],{"class":102},[66,21470,21471],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21472,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,21474,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,21476,138],{"class":137},[66,21478,110],{"class":102},[66,21480,7851],{"class":2641},[66,21482,110],{"class":102},[66,21484,17070],{"class":106},[66,21486,103],{"class":102},[66,21488,7566],{"class":106},[66,21490,6042],{"class":102},[20,21492,21493],{},[398,21494,148],{},[57,21496,21498],{"className":59,"code":21497,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21499,21500],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21501,21502,21505,21507,21509,21511,21513,21515,21517,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529,21531,21533],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21503,21504],{"class":102},"[(",[66,21506,3044],{"class":80},[66,21508,7423],{"class":84},[66,21510,3044],{"class":80},[66,21512,121],{"class":102},[66,21514,3039],{"class":80},[66,21516,12643],{"class":84},[66,21518,3044],{"class":80},[66,21520,8994],{"class":102},[66,21522,8997],{"class":102},[66,21524,3044],{"class":80},[66,21526,9060],{"class":84},[66,21528,3044],{"class":80},[66,21530,121],{"class":102},[66,21532,9067],{"class":478},[66,21534,9010],{"class":102},[20,21536,21537,21538,2617,21540,103],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[200,21539,8916],{"href":12786},[200,21541,14786],{"href":21542},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[52,21544,1891],{"id":1890},[20,21546,5188],{},[57,21548,21550],{"className":59,"code":21549,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21551,21552],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21553,21554,21556,21558,21560],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21555,11212],{"class":72},[66,21557,103],{"class":102},[66,21559,7566],{"class":106},[66,21561,8402],{"class":102},[20,21563,21564],{},"Things to remember:",[33,21566,21567,21572,21575],{},[36,21568,21569,21571],{},[15,21570,16841],{}," does not take any arguments",[36,21573,21574],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[36,21576,21577],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21579,923],{},[57,21581,21583],{"className":59,"code":21582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21584,21585,21617,21621,21635,21639,21649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21586,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21588,4818],{"class":72},[66,21590,77],{"class":76},[66,21592,10253],{"class":102},[66,21594,113],{"class":80},[66,21596,4758],{"class":84},[66,21598,113],{"class":80},[66,21600,1111],{"class":102},[66,21602,19661],{"class":478},[66,21604,121],{"class":102},[66,21606,81],{"class":80},[66,21608,4767],{"class":84},[66,21610,113],{"class":80},[66,21612,1111],{"class":102},[66,21614,13268],{"class":478},[66,21616,9070],{"class":102},[66,21618,21619],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21620,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,21622,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,21624,447],{"class":72},[66,21626,77],{"class":76},[66,21628,4865],{"class":72},[66,21630,103],{"class":102},[66,21632,7566],{"class":106},[66,21634,8402],{"class":102},[66,21636,21637],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,21638,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,21640,21641,21643,21645,21647],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,21642,138],{"class":137},[66,21644,110],{"class":102},[66,21646,494],{"class":106},[66,21648,131],{"class":102},[66,21650,21651,21653,21655,21657],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,21652,138],{"class":137},[66,21654,110],{"class":102},[66,21656,16151],{"class":106},[66,21658,131],{"class":102},[20,21660,21661],{},[398,21662,148],{},[57,21664,21666],{"className":59,"code":21665,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21667,21668,21701],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21669,21670,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21671,21672],{"class":106},"dict_items",[66,21674,9419],{"class":102},[66,21676,3044],{"class":80},[66,21678,4758],{"class":84},[66,21680,3044],{"class":80},[66,21682,121],{"class":102},[66,21684,19661],{"class":478},[66,21686,8994],{"class":102},[66,21688,8997],{"class":102},[66,21690,3044],{"class":80},[66,21692,4767],{"class":84},[66,21694,3044],{"class":80},[66,21696,121],{"class":102},[66,21698,13268],{"class":478},[66,21700,10442],{"class":102},[66,21702,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21704,9039],{"class":102},[66,21706,3044],{"class":80},[66,21708,4758],{"class":84},[66,21710,3044],{"class":80},[66,21712,1111],{"class":102},[66,21714,19661],{"class":478},[66,21716,121],{"class":102},[66,21718,3039],{"class":80},[66,21720,4767],{"class":84},[66,21722,3044],{"class":80},[66,21724,1111],{"class":102},[66,21726,13268],{"class":478},[66,21728,9070],{"class":102},[20,21730,20655],{},[52,21732,21734],{"id":21733},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21736,21737,21739,21740,21742],{},[15,21738,16841],{}," returns a ",[15,21741,21672],{}," view object.",[20,21744,1839],{},[33,21746,21747,21750,21753],{},[36,21748,21749],{},"You can loop over it",[36,21751,21752],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[36,21754,21755],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21757,923],{},[57,21759,21761],{"className":59,"code":21760,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21762,21763,21795,21809,21813,21827,21831,21850,21854],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21764,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21766,8926],{"class":72},[66,21768,77],{"class":76},[66,21770,10253],{"class":102},[66,21772,113],{"class":80},[66,21774,960],{"class":84},[66,21776,113],{"class":80},[66,21778,1111],{"class":102},[66,21780,479],{"class":478},[66,21782,121],{"class":102},[66,21784,81],{"class":80},[66,21786,969],{"class":84},[66,21788,113],{"class":80},[66,21790,1111],{"class":102},[66,21792,561],{"class":478},[66,21794,9070],{"class":102},[66,21796,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21798,8976],{"class":72},[66,21800,77],{"class":76},[66,21802,14328],{"class":72},[66,21804,103],{"class":102},[66,21806,7566],{"class":106},[66,21808,8402],{"class":102},[66,21810,21811],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,21812,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,21814,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,21816,138],{"class":137},[66,21818,110],{"class":102},[66,21820,7851],{"class":2641},[66,21822,110],{"class":102},[66,21824,9023],{"class":106},[66,21826,1330],{"class":102},[66,21828,21829],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,21830,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,21832,21833,21835,21837,21839,21842,21844,21846,21848],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,21834,8965],{"class":72},[66,21836,3652],{"class":102},[66,21838,113],{"class":80},[66,21840,21841],{"class":84},"z",[66,21843,113],{"class":80},[66,21845,13034],{"class":102},[66,21847,13037],{"class":76},[66,21849,2314],{"class":478},[66,21851,21852],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,21853,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,21855,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,21857,138],{"class":137},[66,21859,110],{"class":102},[66,21861,7851],{"class":2641},[66,21863,110],{"class":102},[66,21865,9023],{"class":106},[66,21867,1330],{"class":102},[20,21869,21870],{},[398,21871,148],{},[57,21873,21875],{"className":59,"code":21874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21876,21877,21907],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21878,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21880,21504],{"class":102},[66,21882,3044],{"class":80},[66,21884,960],{"class":84},[66,21886,3044],{"class":80},[66,21888,121],{"class":102},[66,21890,479],{"class":478},[66,21892,8994],{"class":102},[66,21894,8997],{"class":102},[66,21896,3044],{"class":80},[66,21898,969],{"class":84},[66,21900,3044],{"class":80},[66,21902,121],{"class":102},[66,21904,561],{"class":478},[66,21906,9010],{"class":102},[66,21908,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,21910,21504],{"class":102},[66,21912,3044],{"class":80},[66,21914,960],{"class":84},[66,21916,3044],{"class":80},[66,21918,121],{"class":102},[66,21920,479],{"class":478},[66,21922,8994],{"class":102},[66,21924,8997],{"class":102},[66,21926,3044],{"class":80},[66,21928,969],{"class":84},[66,21930,3044],{"class":80},[66,21932,121],{"class":102},[66,21934,561],{"class":478},[66,21936,8994],{"class":102},[66,21938,8997],{"class":102},[66,21940,3044],{"class":80},[66,21942,21841],{"class":84},[66,21944,3044],{"class":80},[66,21946,121],{"class":102},[66,21948,2186],{"class":478},[66,21950,9010],{"class":102},[20,21952,21953,21954,21956],{},"This happens because ",[15,21955,9023],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[52,21958,21960,21961],{"id":21959},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21962,16841],{},[20,21964,21965,21966,1111],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21967,16841],{},[57,21969,21971],{"className":59,"code":21970,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21972,21973,22026,22030,22050],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21974,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21976,12626],{"class":72},[66,21978,77],{"class":76},[66,21980,10253],{"class":102},[66,21982,113],{"class":80},[66,21984,7423],{"class":84},[66,21986,113],{"class":80},[66,21988,1111],{"class":102},[66,21990,81],{"class":80},[66,21992,7678],{"class":84},[66,21994,113],{"class":80},[66,21996,121],{"class":102},[66,21998,81],{"class":80},[66,22000,19654],{"class":84},[66,22002,113],{"class":80},[66,22004,1111],{"class":102},[66,22006,81],{"class":80},[66,22008,22009],{"class":84},"A",[66,22011,113],{"class":80},[66,22013,121],{"class":102},[66,22015,81],{"class":80},[66,22017,9060],{"class":84},[66,22019,113],{"class":80},[66,22021,1111],{"class":102},[66,22023,13619],{"class":478},[66,22025,9070],{"class":102},[66,22027,22028],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22029,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,22031,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22033,5710],{"class":3627},[66,22035,21343],{"class":72},[66,22037,121],{"class":102},[66,22039,21348],{"class":72},[66,22041,3634],{"class":3627},[66,22043,12669],{"class":72},[66,22045,103],{"class":102},[66,22047,7566],{"class":106},[66,22049,21359],{"class":102},[66,22051,22052,22054,22056,22059,22061,22063,22065,22068,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,22053,7826],{"class":137},[66,22055,110],{"class":102},[66,22057,22058],{"class":1797},"f",[66,22060,113],{"class":84},[66,22062,9039],{"class":478},[66,22064,14603],{"class":106},[66,22066,22067],{"class":478},"}",[66,22069,22070],{"class":84},": ",[66,22072,9039],{"class":478},[66,22074,2208],{"class":106},[66,22076,22067],{"class":478},[66,22078,113],{"class":84},[66,22080,131],{"class":102},[20,22082,22083],{},[398,22084,148],{},[57,22086,22088],{"className":59,"code":22087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22089,22090,22099,22108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22091,22092,22094,22096],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22093,7423],{"class":72},[66,22095,1111],{"class":102},[66,22097,22098],{"class":72}," Mia\n",[66,22100,22101,22103,22105],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22102,19654],{"class":72},[66,22104,1111],{"class":102},[66,22106,22107],{"class":72}," A\n",[66,22109,22110,22112,22114],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22111,9060],{"class":72},[66,22113,1111],{"class":102},[66,22115,22116],{"class":478}," 14\n",[20,22118,22119],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[57,22121,22123],{"className":59,"code":22122,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22124,22125,22177,22181,22193],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22126,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22128,12626],{"class":72},[66,22130,77],{"class":76},[66,22132,10253],{"class":102},[66,22134,113],{"class":80},[66,22136,7423],{"class":84},[66,22138,113],{"class":80},[66,22140,1111],{"class":102},[66,22142,81],{"class":80},[66,22144,7678],{"class":84},[66,22146,113],{"class":80},[66,22148,121],{"class":102},[66,22150,81],{"class":80},[66,22152,19654],{"class":84},[66,22154,113],{"class":80},[66,22156,1111],{"class":102},[66,22158,81],{"class":80},[66,22160,22009],{"class":84},[66,22162,113],{"class":80},[66,22164,121],{"class":102},[66,22166,81],{"class":80},[66,22168,9060],{"class":84},[66,22170,113],{"class":80},[66,22172,1111],{"class":102},[66,22174,13619],{"class":478},[66,22176,9070],{"class":102},[66,22178,22179],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22180,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,22182,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22184,5710],{"class":3627},[66,22186,17971],{"class":72},[66,22188,3634],{"class":3627},[66,22190,12669],{"class":72},[66,22192,6146],{"class":102},[66,22194,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,22196,7826],{"class":137},[66,22198,110],{"class":102},[66,22200,22058],{"class":1797},[66,22202,113],{"class":84},[66,22204,9039],{"class":478},[66,22206,14603],{"class":106},[66,22208,22067],{"class":478},[66,22210,22070],{"class":84},[66,22212,9039],{"class":478},[66,22214,13387],{"class":106},[66,22216,3652],{"class":102},[66,22218,14603],{"class":106},[66,22220,13034],{"class":102},[66,22222,22067],{"class":478},[66,22224,113],{"class":84},[66,22226,131],{"class":102},[20,22228,6264,22229,22232],{},[15,22230,22231],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22234,22235,22236,103],{},"For a full guide, see ",[200,22237,22239],{"href":22238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[52,22241,22243],{"id":22242},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22245,22246],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[57,22248,22250],{"className":59,"code":22249,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22251,22252,22311,22315,22335,22339],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22253,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22289,22291,22293,22295,22298,22300,22302,22304,22307,22309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22255,12838],{"class":72},[66,22257,77],{"class":76},[66,22259,10253],{"class":102},[66,22261,113],{"class":80},[66,22263,3832],{"class":84},[66,22265,113],{"class":80},[66,22267,1111],{"class":102},[66,22269,81],{"class":80},[66,22271,1392],{"class":84},[66,22273,113],{"class":80},[66,22275,121],{"class":102},[66,22277,81],{"class":80},[66,22279,627],{"class":84},[66,22281,113],{"class":80},[66,22283,1111],{"class":102},[66,22285,81],{"class":80},[66,22287,22288],{"class":84},"yellow",[66,22290,113],{"class":80},[66,22292,121],{"class":102},[66,22294,81],{"class":80},[66,22296,22297],{"class":84},"grape",[66,22299,113],{"class":80},[66,22301,1111],{"class":102},[66,22303,81],{"class":80},[66,22305,22306],{"class":84},"purple",[66,22308,113],{"class":80},[66,22310,9070],{"class":102},[66,22312,22313],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22314,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,22316,22317,22320,22322,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22318,22319],{"class":72},"pairs_list ",[66,22321,77],{"class":76},[66,22323,22324],{"class":2641}," list",[66,22326,110],{"class":102},[66,22328,17264],{"class":106},[66,22330,103],{"class":102},[66,22332,7566],{"class":106},[66,22334,6949],{"class":102},[66,22336,22337],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,22338,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,22340,22341,22343,22345,22348],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,22342,138],{"class":137},[66,22344,110],{"class":102},[66,22346,22347],{"class":106},"pairs_list",[66,22349,131],{"class":102},[20,22351,22352],{},[398,22353,148],{},[57,22355,22357],{"className":59,"code":22356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22358,22359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22360,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22362,21504],{"class":102},[66,22364,3044],{"class":80},[66,22366,3832],{"class":84},[66,22368,3044],{"class":80},[66,22370,121],{"class":102},[66,22372,3039],{"class":80},[66,22374,1392],{"class":84},[66,22376,3044],{"class":80},[66,22378,8994],{"class":102},[66,22380,8997],{"class":102},[66,22382,3044],{"class":80},[66,22384,627],{"class":84},[66,22386,3044],{"class":80},[66,22388,121],{"class":102},[66,22390,3039],{"class":80},[66,22392,22288],{"class":84},[66,22394,3044],{"class":80},[66,22396,8994],{"class":102},[66,22398,8997],{"class":102},[66,22400,3044],{"class":80},[66,22402,22297],{"class":84},[66,22404,3044],{"class":80},[66,22406,121],{"class":102},[66,22408,3039],{"class":80},[66,22410,22306],{"class":84},[66,22412,3044],{"class":80},[66,22414,9010],{"class":102},[20,22416,22417],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22419,22420],{},"Use this when:",[33,22422,22423,22426,22429],{},[36,22424,22425],{},"You want clearer printed output",[36,22427,22428],{},"You need list behavior",[36,22430,22431],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[52,22433,22435,10348,22437,10348,22439],{"id":22434},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22436,16841],{},[15,22438,16828],{},[15,22440,16834],{},[20,22442,22443],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[33,22445,22446,22451,22456],{},[36,22447,22448,22450],{},[15,22449,16841],{}," gives both key and value",[36,22452,22453,22455],{},[15,22454,16828],{}," gives only keys",[36,22457,22458,22460],{},[15,22459,16834],{}," gives only values",[20,22462,923],{},[57,22464,22466],{"className":59,"code":22465,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22467,22468,22504,22508,22526,22544],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22469,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22471,12965],{"class":72},[66,22473,77],{"class":76},[66,22475,10253],{"class":102},[66,22477,113],{"class":80},[66,22479,7423],{"class":84},[66,22481,113],{"class":80},[66,22483,1111],{"class":102},[66,22485,81],{"class":80},[66,22487,12643],{"class":84},[66,22489,113],{"class":80},[66,22491,121],{"class":102},[66,22493,81],{"class":80},[66,22495,9060],{"class":84},[66,22497,113],{"class":80},[66,22499,1111],{"class":102},[66,22501,9067],{"class":478},[66,22503,9070],{"class":102},[66,22505,22506],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22507,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,22509,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22511,138],{"class":137},[66,22513,110],{"class":102},[66,22515,7851],{"class":2641},[66,22517,110],{"class":102},[66,22519,17070],{"class":106},[66,22521,103],{"class":102},[66,22523,16686],{"class":106},[66,22525,6042],{"class":102},[66,22527,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,22529,138],{"class":137},[66,22531,110],{"class":102},[66,22533,7851],{"class":2641},[66,22535,110],{"class":102},[66,22537,17070],{"class":106},[66,22539,103],{"class":102},[66,22541,5114],{"class":106},[66,22543,6042],{"class":102},[66,22545,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,22547,138],{"class":137},[66,22549,110],{"class":102},[66,22551,7851],{"class":2641},[66,22553,110],{"class":102},[66,22555,17070],{"class":106},[66,22557,103],{"class":102},[66,22559,7566],{"class":106},[66,22561,6042],{"class":102},[20,22563,22564],{},[398,22565,148],{},[57,22567,22569],{"className":59,"code":22568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22570,22571,22591,22607],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22572,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22574,3652],{"class":102},[66,22576,3044],{"class":80},[66,22578,7423],{"class":84},[66,22580,3044],{"class":80},[66,22582,121],{"class":102},[66,22584,3039],{"class":80},[66,22586,9060],{"class":84},[66,22588,3044],{"class":80},[66,22590,3383],{"class":102},[66,22592,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22594,3652],{"class":102},[66,22596,3044],{"class":80},[66,22598,12643],{"class":84},[66,22600,3044],{"class":80},[66,22602,121],{"class":102},[66,22604,9067],{"class":478},[66,22606,3383],{"class":102},[66,22608,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22610,21504],{"class":102},[66,22612,3044],{"class":80},[66,22614,7423],{"class":84},[66,22616,3044],{"class":80},[66,22618,121],{"class":102},[66,22620,3039],{"class":80},[66,22622,12643],{"class":84},[66,22624,3044],{"class":80},[66,22626,8994],{"class":102},[66,22628,8997],{"class":102},[66,22630,3044],{"class":80},[66,22632,9060],{"class":84},[66,22634,3044],{"class":80},[66,22636,121],{"class":102},[66,22638,9067],{"class":478},[66,22640,9010],{"class":102},[20,22642,22643],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[33,22645,22646,22654,22662],{},[36,22647,22648,22649],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[200,22650,22652],{"href":22651},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22653,16828],{},[36,22655,22656,22657],{},"Need just values? Use ",[200,22658,22660],{"href":22659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22661,16834],{},[36,22663,22664,22665],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22666,16841],{},[52,22668,4715,22670],{"id":22669},"when-to-use-items",[15,22671,16841],{},[20,22673,22674,22676],{},[15,22675,16841],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[33,22678,22679,22682,22685,22688,22691],{},[36,22680,22681],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[36,22683,22684],{},"Building formatted output",[36,22686,22687],{},"Looping through settings and values",[36,22689,22690],{},"Showing names with scores",[36,22692,22693],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22695,923],{},[57,22697,22699],{"className":59,"code":22698,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22700,22701,22709,22727,22746,22758,22762,22766,22787],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22702,22703,22705,22707],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22704,13587],{"class":72},[66,22706,77],{"class":76},[66,22708,11256],{"class":102},[66,22710,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22712,11261],{"class":80},[66,22714,12257],{"class":84},[66,22716,113],{"class":80},[66,22718,1111],{"class":102},[66,22720,81],{"class":80},[66,22722,12266],{"class":84},[66,22724,113],{"class":80},[66,22726,11277],{"class":102},[66,22728,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22742,22744],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22730,11261],{"class":80},[66,22732,19886],{"class":84},[66,22734,113],{"class":80},[66,22736,1111],{"class":102},[66,22738,81],{"class":80},[66,22740,22741],{"class":84},"English",[66,22743,113],{"class":80},[66,22745,11277],{"class":102},[66,22747,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,22749,11261],{"class":80},[66,22751,18287],{"class":84},[66,22753,113],{"class":80},[66,22755,1111],{"class":102},[66,22757,6176],{"class":3602},[66,22759,22760],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,22761,9070],{"class":102},[66,22763,22764],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,22765,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,22767,22768,22770,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,22769,5710],{"class":3627},[66,22771,22772],{"class":72}," setting",[66,22774,121],{"class":102},[66,22776,21348],{"class":72},[66,22778,3634],{"class":3627},[66,22780,13631],{"class":72},[66,22782,103],{"class":102},[66,22784,7566],{"class":106},[66,22786,21359],{"class":102},[66,22788,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22802,22804,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,22790,7826],{"class":137},[66,22792,110],{"class":102},[66,22794,22058],{"class":1797},[66,22796,113],{"class":84},[66,22798,9039],{"class":478},[66,22800,22801],{"class":106},"setting",[66,22803,22067],{"class":478},[66,22805,22806],{"class":84}," = ",[66,22808,9039],{"class":478},[66,22810,2208],{"class":106},[66,22812,22067],{"class":478},[66,22814,113],{"class":84},[66,22816,131],{"class":102},[20,22818,22819],{},[398,22820,148],{},[57,22822,22824],{"className":59,"code":22823,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22825,22826,22836,22846],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22827,22828,22831,22833],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22829,22830],{"class":72},"theme ",[66,22832,77],{"class":76},[66,22834,22835],{"class":72}," dark\n",[66,22837,22838,22841,22843],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22839,22840],{"class":72},"language ",[66,22842,77],{"class":76},[66,22844,22845],{"class":72}," English\n",[66,22847,22848,22851,22853],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22849,22850],{"class":72},"notifications ",[66,22852,77],{"class":76},[66,22854,6176],{"class":3602},[52,22856,2568],{"id":2567},[20,22858,22859,22860,103],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22861,16841],{},[258,22863,22865,22866,22868],{"id":22864},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22867,16841],{}," incorrectly",[20,22870,22871,22872,22874,22875,22878],{},"Each result from ",[15,22873,16841],{}," has ",[398,22876,22877],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22880,6442],{},[57,22882,22883],{"className":59,"code":21294,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,22884,22885,22921,22925,22945],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22886,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22888,12965],{"class":72},[66,22890,77],{"class":76},[66,22892,10253],{"class":102},[66,22894,113],{"class":80},[66,22896,7423],{"class":84},[66,22898,113],{"class":80},[66,22900,1111],{"class":102},[66,22902,81],{"class":80},[66,22904,12643],{"class":84},[66,22906,113],{"class":80},[66,22908,121],{"class":102},[66,22910,81],{"class":80},[66,22912,9060],{"class":84},[66,22914,113],{"class":80},[66,22916,1111],{"class":102},[66,22918,9067],{"class":478},[66,22920,9070],{"class":102},[66,22922,22923],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,22924,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,22926,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,22928,5710],{"class":3627},[66,22930,21343],{"class":72},[66,22932,121],{"class":102},[66,22934,21348],{"class":72},[66,22936,3634],{"class":3627},[66,22938,13008],{"class":72},[66,22940,103],{"class":102},[66,22942,7566],{"class":106},[66,22944,21359],{"class":102},[66,22946,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,22948,7826],{"class":137},[66,22950,110],{"class":102},[66,22952,14603],{"class":106},[66,22954,121],{"class":102},[66,22956,8192],{"class":106},[66,22958,131],{"class":102},[20,22960,22961],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[57,22963,22965],{"className":59,"code":22964,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22966,22967,23003,23007,23023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22968,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22970,12965],{"class":72},[66,22972,77],{"class":76},[66,22974,10253],{"class":102},[66,22976,113],{"class":80},[66,22978,7423],{"class":84},[66,22980,113],{"class":80},[66,22982,1111],{"class":102},[66,22984,81],{"class":80},[66,22986,12643],{"class":84},[66,22988,113],{"class":80},[66,22990,121],{"class":102},[66,22992,81],{"class":80},[66,22994,9060],{"class":84},[66,22996,113],{"class":80},[66,22998,1111],{"class":102},[66,23000,9067],{"class":478},[66,23002,9070],{"class":102},[66,23004,23005],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23006,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,23008,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,23010,5710],{"class":3627},[66,23012,17971],{"class":72},[66,23014,3634],{"class":3627},[66,23016,13008],{"class":72},[66,23018,103],{"class":102},[66,23020,7566],{"class":106},[66,23022,21359],{"class":102},[66,23024,23025,23027,23029,23031],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,23026,7826],{"class":137},[66,23028,110],{"class":102},[66,23030,14603],{"class":106},[66,23032,131],{"class":102},[20,23034,23035,23036,23038,23039,23042],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23037,14603],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23040,23041],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23044,23045],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[57,23047,23049],{"className":59,"code":23048,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23050,23051,23067],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23052,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23054,5710],{"class":3627},[66,23056,5713],{"class":72},[66,23058,3634],{"class":3627},[66,23060,13008],{"class":72},[66,23062,103],{"class":102},[66,23064,7566],{"class":106},[66,23066,21359],{"class":102},[66,23068,23069,23071,23073,23076],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23070,7826],{"class":137},[66,23072,110],{"class":102},[66,23074,23075],{"class":106},"item",[66,23077,131],{"class":102},[20,23079,23080],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[57,23082,23084],{"className":59,"code":23083,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23085,23086,23106],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23087,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23089,5710],{"class":3627},[66,23091,21343],{"class":72},[66,23093,121],{"class":102},[66,23095,21348],{"class":72},[66,23097,3634],{"class":3627},[66,23099,13008],{"class":72},[66,23101,103],{"class":102},[66,23103,7566],{"class":106},[66,23105,21359],{"class":102},[66,23107,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23109,7826],{"class":137},[66,23111,110],{"class":102},[66,23113,14603],{"class":106},[66,23115,121],{"class":102},[66,23117,8192],{"class":106},[66,23119,131],{"class":102},[258,23121,1119,23123,23125],{"id":23122},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23124,16841],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23127,23128,21739,23130,23132],{},[15,23129,16841],{},[15,23131,21672],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23134,23135],{},"Check it:",[57,23137,23139],{"className":59,"code":23138,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23140,23141,23173,23177,23191,23209],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23142,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23144,11487],{"class":72},[66,23146,77],{"class":76},[66,23148,10253],{"class":102},[66,23150,113],{"class":80},[66,23152,200],{"class":84},[66,23154,113],{"class":80},[66,23156,1111],{"class":102},[66,23158,479],{"class":478},[66,23160,121],{"class":102},[66,23162,81],{"class":80},[66,23164,4514],{"class":84},[66,23166,113],{"class":80},[66,23168,1111],{"class":102},[66,23170,561],{"class":478},[66,23172,9070],{"class":102},[66,23174,23175],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23176,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,23178,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,23180,138],{"class":137},[66,23182,110],{"class":102},[66,23184,11212],{"class":106},[66,23186,103],{"class":102},[66,23188,7566],{"class":106},[66,23190,6949],{"class":102},[66,23192,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,23194,138],{"class":137},[66,23196,110],{"class":102},[66,23198,2964],{"class":2641},[66,23200,110],{"class":102},[66,23202,11212],{"class":106},[66,23204,103],{"class":102},[66,23206,7566],{"class":106},[66,23208,6042],{"class":102},[66,23210,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,23212,138],{"class":137},[66,23214,110],{"class":102},[66,23216,7851],{"class":2641},[66,23218,110],{"class":102},[66,23220,11212],{"class":106},[66,23222,103],{"class":102},[66,23224,7566],{"class":106},[66,23226,6042],{"class":102},[20,23228,23229],{},[398,23230,148],{},[57,23232,23234],{"className":59,"code":23233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23235,23236,23268,23282],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23237,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23239,21672],{"class":106},[66,23241,9419],{"class":102},[66,23243,3044],{"class":80},[66,23245,200],{"class":84},[66,23247,3044],{"class":80},[66,23249,121],{"class":102},[66,23251,479],{"class":478},[66,23253,8994],{"class":102},[66,23255,8997],{"class":102},[66,23257,3044],{"class":80},[66,23259,4514],{"class":84},[66,23261,3044],{"class":80},[66,23263,121],{"class":102},[66,23265,561],{"class":478},[66,23267,10442],{"class":102},[66,23269,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23271,3033],{"class":76},[66,23273,3036],{"class":1797},[66,23275,3039],{"class":80},[66,23277,21672],{"class":84},[66,23279,3044],{"class":80},[66,23281,3047],{"class":76},[66,23283,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,23285,21504],{"class":102},[66,23287,3044],{"class":80},[66,23289,200],{"class":84},[66,23291,3044],{"class":80},[66,23293,121],{"class":102},[66,23295,479],{"class":478},[66,23297,8994],{"class":102},[66,23299,8997],{"class":102},[66,23301,3044],{"class":80},[66,23303,4514],{"class":84},[66,23305,3044],{"class":80},[66,23307,121],{"class":102},[66,23309,561],{"class":478},[66,23311,9010],{"class":102},[258,23313,23315,23316],{"id":23314},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23317,16841],{},[20,23319,23320],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23322,23323],{},"Problem example:",[57,23325,23327],{"className":59,"code":23326,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23328,23329,23373,23377,23397,23409],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23330,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23332,3365],{"class":72},[66,23334,77],{"class":76},[66,23336,10253],{"class":102},[66,23338,113],{"class":80},[66,23340,200],{"class":84},[66,23342,113],{"class":80},[66,23344,1111],{"class":102},[66,23346,479],{"class":478},[66,23348,121],{"class":102},[66,23350,81],{"class":80},[66,23352,4514],{"class":84},[66,23354,113],{"class":80},[66,23356,1111],{"class":102},[66,23358,561],{"class":478},[66,23360,121],{"class":102},[66,23362,81],{"class":80},[66,23364,9501],{"class":84},[66,23366,113],{"class":80},[66,23368,1111],{"class":102},[66,23370,2186],{"class":478},[66,23372,9070],{"class":102},[66,23374,23375],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23376,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,23378,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,23380,5710],{"class":3627},[66,23382,21343],{"class":72},[66,23384,121],{"class":102},[66,23386,21348],{"class":72},[66,23388,3634],{"class":3627},[66,23390,4016],{"class":72},[66,23392,103],{"class":102},[66,23394,7566],{"class":106},[66,23396,21359],{"class":102},[66,23398,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,23400,6151],{"class":3627},[66,23402,21348],{"class":72},[66,23404,4441],{"class":76},[66,23406,561],{"class":478},[66,23408,6146],{"class":102},[66,23410,23411,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,23412,23413],{"class":72},"        numbers",[66,23415,3652],{"class":102},[66,23417,113],{"class":80},[66,23419,18530],{"class":84},[66,23421,113],{"class":80},[66,23423,13034],{"class":102},[66,23425,13037],{"class":76},[66,23427,23428],{"class":478}," 4\n",[20,23430,23431],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23433,23434],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[57,23436,23438],{"className":59,"code":23437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23439,23440,23484,23488,23513,23525,23543,23547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23441,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23443,3365],{"class":72},[66,23445,77],{"class":76},[66,23447,10253],{"class":102},[66,23449,113],{"class":80},[66,23451,200],{"class":84},[66,23453,113],{"class":80},[66,23455,1111],{"class":102},[66,23457,479],{"class":478},[66,23459,121],{"class":102},[66,23461,81],{"class":80},[66,23463,4514],{"class":84},[66,23465,113],{"class":80},[66,23467,1111],{"class":102},[66,23469,561],{"class":478},[66,23471,121],{"class":102},[66,23473,81],{"class":80},[66,23475,9501],{"class":84},[66,23477,113],{"class":80},[66,23479,1111],{"class":102},[66,23481,2186],{"class":478},[66,23483,9070],{"class":102},[66,23485,23486],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23487,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,23489,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,23491,5710],{"class":3627},[66,23493,21343],{"class":72},[66,23495,121],{"class":102},[66,23497,21348],{"class":72},[66,23499,3634],{"class":3627},[66,23501,22324],{"class":2641},[66,23503,110],{"class":102},[66,23505,3397],{"class":106},[66,23507,103],{"class":102},[66,23509,7566],{"class":106},[66,23511,23512],{"class":102},"()):\n",[66,23514,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,23516,6151],{"class":3627},[66,23518,21348],{"class":72},[66,23520,4441],{"class":76},[66,23522,561],{"class":478},[66,23524,6146],{"class":102},[66,23526,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,23528,23413],{"class":72},[66,23530,3652],{"class":102},[66,23532,113],{"class":80},[66,23534,18530],{"class":84},[66,23536,113],{"class":80},[66,23538,13034],{"class":102},[66,23540,13037],{"class":76},[66,23542,23428],{"class":478},[66,23544,23545],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,23546,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,23548,23549,23551,23553,23555],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,23550,138],{"class":137},[66,23552,110],{"class":102},[66,23554,3397],{"class":106},[66,23556,131],{"class":102},[258,23558,23560],{"id":23559},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23562,23563],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[57,23565,23567],{"className":59,"code":23566,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23568,23569,23601,23605,23621],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23570,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23572,8926],{"class":72},[66,23574,77],{"class":76},[66,23576,10253],{"class":102},[66,23578,113],{"class":80},[66,23580,960],{"class":84},[66,23582,113],{"class":80},[66,23584,1111],{"class":102},[66,23586,5757],{"class":478},[66,23588,121],{"class":102},[66,23590,81],{"class":80},[66,23592,969],{"class":84},[66,23594,113],{"class":80},[66,23596,1111],{"class":102},[66,23598,7546],{"class":478},[66,23600,9070],{"class":102},[66,23602,23603],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23604,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,23606,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,23608,5710],{"class":3627},[66,23610,5713],{"class":72},[66,23612,3634],{"class":3627},[66,23614,14328],{"class":72},[66,23616,103],{"class":102},[66,23618,7566],{"class":106},[66,23620,21359],{"class":102},[66,23622,23623,23625,23627,23629],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,23624,7826],{"class":137},[66,23626,110],{"class":102},[66,23628,23075],{"class":106},[66,23630,131],{"class":102},[20,23632,23633],{},[398,23634,148],{},[57,23636,23638],{"className":59,"code":23637,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23639,23640,23656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23641,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23643,110],{"class":102},[66,23645,3044],{"class":80},[66,23647,960],{"class":84},[66,23649,3044],{"class":80},[66,23651,121],{"class":102},[66,23653,5757],{"class":478},[66,23655,131],{"class":102},[66,23657,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23659,110],{"class":102},[66,23661,3044],{"class":80},[66,23663,969],{"class":84},[66,23665,3044],{"class":80},[66,23667,121],{"class":102},[66,23669,7546],{"class":478},[66,23671,131],{"class":102},[20,23673,23674,23675,23677],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23676,21419],{}," pair.",[52,23679,1518],{"id":1517},[258,23681,23683,23684,4900],{"id":23682},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23685,16841],{},[20,23687,17183,23688,23690],{},[15,23689,21672],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[258,23692,1522,23694,23696],{"id":23693},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23695,16841],{}," return a list?",[20,23698,23699,23700,23703],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23701,23702],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[258,23705,23707,23708,2228],{"id":23706},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23709,16841],{},[20,23711,23712],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[57,23714,23716],{"className":59,"code":23715,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23717,23718,23738],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23719,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23721,5710],{"class":3627},[66,23723,21343],{"class":72},[66,23725,121],{"class":102},[66,23727,21348],{"class":72},[66,23729,3634],{"class":3627},[66,23731,11528],{"class":72},[66,23733,103],{"class":102},[66,23735,7566],{"class":106},[66,23737,21359],{"class":102},[66,23739,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23741,7826],{"class":137},[66,23743,110],{"class":102},[66,23745,14603],{"class":106},[66,23747,121],{"class":102},[66,23749,8192],{"class":106},[66,23751,131],{"class":102},[258,23753,1522,23755,23757],{"id":23754},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23756,16841],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23759,23760],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[52,23762,1620],{"id":1619},[33,23764,23765,23771,23777,23782,23786],{},[36,23766,23767],{},[200,23768,10500,23769,774],{"href":22651},[15,23770,16828],{},[36,23772,23773],{},[200,23774,10500,23775,774],{"href":22659},[15,23776,16834],{},[36,23778,23779],{},[200,23780,23781],{"href":22238},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,23783,23784],{},[200,23785,8916],{"href":12786},[36,23787,23788],{},[200,23789,23790],{"href":21542},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1651,23792,23793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":23795},[23796,23797,23799,23800,23801,23803,23804,23806,23808,23817,23827],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":21402,"depth":91,"text":23798},"What items() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":21733,"depth":91,"text":21734},{"id":21959,"depth":91,"text":23802},"Looping with items()",{"id":22242,"depth":91,"text":22243},{"id":22434,"depth":91,"text":23805},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22669,"depth":91,"text":23807},"When to use items()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":23809},[23810,23812,23814,23816],{"id":22864,"depth":134,"text":23811},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23122,"depth":134,"text":23813},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23314,"depth":134,"text":23815},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23559,"depth":134,"text":23560},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":23818},[23819,23821,23823,23825],{"id":23682,"depth":134,"text":23820},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23693,"depth":134,"text":23822},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23706,"depth":134,"text":23824},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23754,"depth":134,"text":23826},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21270,"description":23828},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23835,"title":23836,"body":23837,"description":25927,"extension":1694,"meta":25928,"navigation":338,"path":22651,"seo":25929,"stem":25930,"__hash__":25931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23838,"toc":25893},[23839,23844,23850,23853,23864,23871,23873,23956,23960,24007,24012,24017,24022,24024,24040,24042,24141,24145,24202,24205,24207,24210,24303,24307,24370,24373,24389,24394,24396,24398,24413,24415,24426,24428,24471,24474,24518,24521,24523,24530,24533,24550,24552,24645,24649,24690,24702,24706,24709,24797,24801,24821,24824,24851,24858,24863,24867,24878,24880,24984,24988,25014,25017,25084,25089,25092,25115,25120,25124,25129,25135,25140,25142,25197,25201,25228,25235,25241,25244,25269,25275,25301,25304,25379,25386,25391,25393,25432,25450,25454,25457,25500,25503,25505,25524,25526,25531,25556,25559,25629,25632,25705,25709,25711,25772,25775,25790,25792,25797,25802,25809,25818,25824,25830,25837,25843,25847,25852,25854,25890],[10,23840,11081,23842,18],{"id":23841},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23843,16828],{},[20,23845,23846,23847,23849],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23848,16828],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23851,23852],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[33,23854,23855,23858,23861],{},[36,23856,23857],{},"view the available keys",[36,23859,23860],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[36,23862,23863],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23865,23866,23868,23869,103],{},[15,23867,16828],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23870,16777],{},[52,23872,55],{"id":54},[57,23874,23876],{"className":59,"code":23875,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23877,23878,23914,23928,23932,23942],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23879,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23881,12626],{"class":72},[66,23883,77],{"class":76},[66,23885,10253],{"class":102},[66,23887,113],{"class":80},[66,23889,7423],{"class":84},[66,23891,113],{"class":80},[66,23893,1111],{"class":102},[66,23895,81],{"class":80},[66,23897,12643],{"class":84},[66,23899,113],{"class":80},[66,23901,121],{"class":102},[66,23903,81],{"class":80},[66,23905,9060],{"class":84},[66,23907,113],{"class":80},[66,23909,1111],{"class":102},[66,23911,7546],{"class":478},[66,23913,9070],{"class":102},[66,23915,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23917,17005],{"class":72},[66,23919,77],{"class":76},[66,23921,12669],{"class":72},[66,23923,103],{"class":102},[66,23925,16686],{"class":106},[66,23927,8402],{"class":102},[66,23929,23930],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,23931,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,23933,23934,23936,23938,23940],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,23935,138],{"class":137},[66,23937,110],{"class":102},[66,23939,16686],{"class":106},[66,23941,131],{"class":102},[66,23943,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,23945,138],{"class":137},[66,23947,110],{"class":102},[66,23949,7851],{"class":2641},[66,23951,110],{"class":102},[66,23953,16686],{"class":106},[66,23955,1330],{"class":102},[20,23957,23958],{},[398,23959,148],{},[57,23961,23963],{"className":59,"code":23962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23964,23965,23987],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23966,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23968,16777],{"class":106},[66,23970,2726],{"class":102},[66,23972,3044],{"class":80},[66,23974,7423],{"class":84},[66,23976,3044],{"class":80},[66,23978,121],{"class":102},[66,23980,3039],{"class":80},[66,23982,9060],{"class":84},[66,23984,3044],{"class":80},[66,23986,3640],{"class":102},[66,23988,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,23990,3652],{"class":102},[66,23992,3044],{"class":80},[66,23994,7423],{"class":84},[66,23996,3044],{"class":80},[66,23998,121],{"class":102},[66,24000,3039],{"class":80},[66,24002,9060],{"class":84},[66,24004,3044],{"class":80},[66,24006,3383],{"class":102},[20,24008,160,24009,24011],{},[15,24010,16828],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[52,24013,168,24015,41],{"id":24014},"what-keys-does",[15,24016,16828],{},[20,24018,24019,24021],{},[15,24020,16828],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24023,11221],{},[33,24025,24026,24029,24032,24037],{},[36,24027,24028],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[36,24030,24031],{},"It does not need any arguments",[36,24033,17183,24034,24036],{},[15,24035,16777],{}," view object, not a list",[36,24038,24039],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24041,923],{},[57,24043,24045],{"className":59,"code":24044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24046,24047,24083,24087,24101,24105,24127],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24050,12965],{"class":72},[66,24052,77],{"class":76},[66,24054,10253],{"class":102},[66,24056,113],{"class":80},[66,24058,7423],{"class":84},[66,24060,113],{"class":80},[66,24062,1111],{"class":102},[66,24064,81],{"class":80},[66,24066,12982],{"class":84},[66,24068,113],{"class":80},[66,24070,121],{"class":102},[66,24072,81],{"class":80},[66,24074,9060],{"class":84},[66,24076,113],{"class":80},[66,24078,1111],{"class":102},[66,24080,9067],{"class":478},[66,24082,9070],{"class":102},[66,24084,24085],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24086,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,24088,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,24090,138],{"class":137},[66,24092,110],{"class":102},[66,24094,17070],{"class":106},[66,24096,103],{"class":102},[66,24098,16686],{"class":106},[66,24100,6949],{"class":102},[66,24102,24103],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,24104,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,24106,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,24108,17070],{"class":72},[66,24110,3652],{"class":102},[66,24112,113],{"class":80},[66,24114,10171],{"class":84},[66,24116,113],{"class":80},[66,24118,13034],{"class":102},[66,24120,13037],{"class":76},[66,24122,81],{"class":80},[66,24124,10178],{"class":84},[66,24126,88],{"class":80},[66,24128,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,24130,138],{"class":137},[66,24132,110],{"class":102},[66,24134,17070],{"class":106},[66,24136,103],{"class":102},[66,24138,16686],{"class":106},[66,24140,6949],{"class":102},[20,24142,24143],{},[398,24144,148],{},[57,24146,24148],{"className":59,"code":24147,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24149,24150,24172],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24151,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24153,16777],{"class":106},[66,24155,2726],{"class":102},[66,24157,3044],{"class":80},[66,24159,7423],{"class":84},[66,24161,3044],{"class":80},[66,24163,121],{"class":102},[66,24165,3039],{"class":80},[66,24167,9060],{"class":84},[66,24169,3044],{"class":80},[66,24171,3640],{"class":102},[66,24173,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24175,16777],{"class":106},[66,24177,2726],{"class":102},[66,24179,3044],{"class":80},[66,24181,7423],{"class":84},[66,24183,3044],{"class":80},[66,24185,121],{"class":102},[66,24187,3039],{"class":80},[66,24189,9060],{"class":84},[66,24191,3044],{"class":80},[66,24193,121],{"class":102},[66,24195,3039],{"class":80},[66,24197,10171],{"class":84},[66,24199,3044],{"class":80},[66,24201,3640],{"class":102},[20,24203,24204],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[52,24206,283],{"id":282},[20,24208,24209],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[57,24211,24213],{"className":59,"code":24212,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24214,24215,24267,24271,24285],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24216,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24218,8926],{"class":72},[66,24220,77],{"class":76},[66,24222,10253],{"class":102},[66,24224,113],{"class":80},[66,24226,7423],{"class":84},[66,24228,113],{"class":80},[66,24230,1111],{"class":102},[66,24232,81],{"class":80},[66,24234,12643],{"class":84},[66,24236,113],{"class":80},[66,24238,121],{"class":102},[66,24240,81],{"class":80},[66,24242,9060],{"class":84},[66,24244,113],{"class":80},[66,24246,1111],{"class":102},[66,24248,7546],{"class":478},[66,24250,121],{"class":102},[66,24252,81],{"class":80},[66,24254,19654],{"class":84},[66,24256,113],{"class":80},[66,24258,1111],{"class":102},[66,24260,81],{"class":80},[66,24262,22009],{"class":84},[66,24264,113],{"class":80},[66,24266,9070],{"class":102},[66,24268,24269],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24270,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,24272,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,24274,138],{"class":137},[66,24276,110],{"class":102},[66,24278,8965],{"class":106},[66,24280,103],{"class":102},[66,24282,16686],{"class":106},[66,24284,6949],{"class":102},[66,24286,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,24288,138],{"class":137},[66,24290,110],{"class":102},[66,24292,7851],{"class":2641},[66,24294,110],{"class":102},[66,24296,8965],{"class":106},[66,24298,103],{"class":102},[66,24300,16686],{"class":106},[66,24302,6042],{"class":102},[20,24304,24305],{},[398,24306,148],{},[57,24308,24310],{"className":59,"code":24309,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24311,24312,24342],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24313,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24315,16777],{"class":106},[66,24317,2726],{"class":102},[66,24319,3044],{"class":80},[66,24321,7423],{"class":84},[66,24323,3044],{"class":80},[66,24325,121],{"class":102},[66,24327,3039],{"class":80},[66,24329,9060],{"class":84},[66,24331,3044],{"class":80},[66,24333,121],{"class":102},[66,24335,3039],{"class":80},[66,24337,19654],{"class":84},[66,24339,3044],{"class":80},[66,24341,3640],{"class":102},[66,24343,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24345,3652],{"class":102},[66,24347,3044],{"class":80},[66,24349,7423],{"class":84},[66,24351,3044],{"class":80},[66,24353,121],{"class":102},[66,24355,3039],{"class":80},[66,24357,9060],{"class":84},[66,24359,3044],{"class":80},[66,24361,121],{"class":102},[66,24363,3039],{"class":80},[66,24365,19654],{"class":84},[66,24367,3044],{"class":80},[66,24369,3383],{"class":102},[20,24371,24372],{},"This shows two things:",[33,24374,24375,24383],{},[36,24376,24377,21739,24380,24382],{},[15,24378,24379],{},"data.keys()",[15,24381,16777],{}," object",[36,24384,24385,24388],{},[15,24386,24387],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24390,8912,24391,103],{},[200,24392,24393],{"href":9152},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[52,24395,207],{"id":206},[20,24397,1894],{},[57,24399,24401],{"className":59,"code":24400,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24402,24403],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24404,24405,24407,24409,24411],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24406,11212],{"class":72},[66,24408,103],{"class":102},[66,24410,16686],{"class":106},[66,24412,8402],{"class":102},[20,24414,21564],{},[33,24416,24417,24420,24423],{},[36,24418,24419],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[36,24421,24422],{},"It takes no parameters",[36,24424,24425],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24427,16418],{},[57,24429,24431],{"className":59,"code":24430,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24432,24433,24457],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24434,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24436,12626],{"class":72},[66,24438,77],{"class":76},[66,24440,10253],{"class":102},[66,24442,113],{"class":80},[66,24444,7423],{"class":84},[66,24446,113],{"class":80},[66,24448,1111],{"class":102},[66,24450,81],{"class":80},[66,24452,12643],{"class":84},[66,24454,113],{"class":80},[66,24456,9070],{"class":102},[66,24458,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24460,138],{"class":137},[66,24462,110],{"class":102},[66,24464,13387],{"class":106},[66,24466,103],{"class":102},[66,24468,16686],{"class":106},[66,24470,6949],{"class":102},[20,24472,24473],{},"Incorrect:",[57,24475,24477],{"className":59,"code":24476,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24478,24479,24503],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24480,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24482,12626],{"class":72},[66,24484,77],{"class":76},[66,24486,10253],{"class":102},[66,24488,113],{"class":80},[66,24490,7423],{"class":84},[66,24492,113],{"class":80},[66,24494,1111],{"class":102},[66,24496,81],{"class":80},[66,24498,12643],{"class":84},[66,24500,113],{"class":80},[66,24502,9070],{"class":102},[66,24504,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24516],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24506,138],{"class":137},[66,24508,110],{"class":102},[66,24510,13387],{"class":106},[66,24512,103],{"class":102},[66,24514,16686],{"class":24515},"skxfh",[66,24517,131],{"class":102},[20,24519,24520],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[52,24522,17180],{"id":17179},[20,24524,24525,21739,24527,24529],{},[15,24526,16828],{},[15,24528,16777],{}," object.",[20,24531,24532],{},"This object:",[33,24534,24535,24538,24541,24547],{},[36,24536,24537],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[36,24539,24540],{},"can be used in a loop",[36,24542,24543,24544],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24545,24546],{},"list()",[36,24548,24549],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24551,923],{},[57,24553,24555],{"className":59,"code":24554,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24556,24557,24598,24602,24617,24621,24631],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24558,24559,24562,24564,24566,24568,24571,24573,24575,24577,24580,24582,24584,24586,24589,24591,24593,24596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24560,24561],{"class":72},"car ",[66,24563,77],{"class":76},[66,24565,10253],{"class":102},[66,24567,113],{"class":80},[66,24569,24570],{"class":84},"brand",[66,24572,113],{"class":80},[66,24574,1111],{"class":102},[66,24576,81],{"class":80},[66,24578,24579],{"class":84},"Toyota",[66,24581,113],{"class":80},[66,24583,121],{"class":102},[66,24585,81],{"class":80},[66,24587,24588],{"class":84},"year",[66,24590,113],{"class":80},[66,24592,1111],{"class":102},[66,24594,24595],{"class":478}," 2020",[66,24597,9070],{"class":102},[66,24599,24600],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24601,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,24603,24604,24606,24608,24611,24613,24615],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,24605,447],{"class":72},[66,24607,77],{"class":76},[66,24609,24610],{"class":72}," car",[66,24612,103],{"class":102},[66,24614,16686],{"class":106},[66,24616,8402],{"class":102},[66,24618,24619],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,24620,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,24622,24623,24625,24627,24629],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,24624,138],{"class":137},[66,24626,110],{"class":102},[66,24628,494],{"class":106},[66,24630,131],{"class":102},[66,24632,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,24634,138],{"class":137},[66,24636,110],{"class":102},[66,24638,2964],{"class":2641},[66,24640,110],{"class":102},[66,24642,494],{"class":106},[66,24644,1330],{"class":102},[20,24646,24647],{},[398,24648,148],{},[57,24650,24652],{"className":59,"code":24651,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24653,24654,24676],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24655,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24657,16777],{"class":106},[66,24659,2726],{"class":102},[66,24661,3044],{"class":80},[66,24663,24570],{"class":84},[66,24665,3044],{"class":80},[66,24667,121],{"class":102},[66,24669,3039],{"class":80},[66,24671,24588],{"class":84},[66,24673,3044],{"class":80},[66,24675,3640],{"class":102},[66,24677,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24679,3033],{"class":76},[66,24681,3036],{"class":1797},[66,24683,3039],{"class":80},[66,24685,16777],{"class":84},[66,24687,3044],{"class":80},[66,24689,3047],{"class":76},[20,24691,24692,24693,24697,24698,103],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[200,24694,10500,24695,774],{"href":16831},[15,24696,16834],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[200,24699,10500,24700,774],{"href":16838},[15,24701,16841],{},[52,24703,24705],{"id":24704},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24707,24708],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[57,24710,24712],{"className":59,"code":24711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24713,24714,24767,24771,24787],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24715,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24763,24765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24717,12626],{"class":72},[66,24719,77],{"class":76},[66,24721,10253],{"class":102},[66,24723,113],{"class":80},[66,24725,7423],{"class":84},[66,24727,113],{"class":80},[66,24729,1111],{"class":102},[66,24731,81],{"class":80},[66,24733,12643],{"class":84},[66,24735,113],{"class":80},[66,24737,121],{"class":102},[66,24739,81],{"class":80},[66,24741,9060],{"class":84},[66,24743,113],{"class":80},[66,24745,1111],{"class":102},[66,24747,7546],{"class":478},[66,24749,121],{"class":102},[66,24751,81],{"class":80},[66,24753,15090],{"class":84},[66,24755,113],{"class":80},[66,24757,1111],{"class":102},[66,24759,81],{"class":80},[66,24761,24762],{"class":84},"Math",[66,24764,113],{"class":80},[66,24766,9070],{"class":102},[66,24768,24769],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24770,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,24772,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,24774,5710],{"class":3627},[66,24776,17971],{"class":72},[66,24778,3634],{"class":3627},[66,24780,12669],{"class":72},[66,24782,103],{"class":102},[66,24784,16686],{"class":106},[66,24786,21359],{"class":102},[66,24788,24789,24791,24793,24795],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,24790,7826],{"class":137},[66,24792,110],{"class":102},[66,24794,14603],{"class":106},[66,24796,131],{"class":102},[20,24798,24799],{},[398,24800,148],{},[57,24802,24804],{"className":59,"code":24803,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24805,24806,24811,24816],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24807,24808],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24809,24810],{"class":72},"name\n",[66,24812,24813],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24814,24815],{"class":72},"age\n",[66,24817,24818],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,24819,24820],{"class":72},"course\n",[20,24822,24823],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[57,24825,24827],{"className":59,"code":24826,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24828,24829,24841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24830,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24832,5710],{"class":3627},[66,24834,17971],{"class":72},[66,24836,3634],{"class":3627},[66,24838,12669],{"class":72},[66,24840,6146],{"class":102},[66,24842,24843,24845,24847,24849],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24844,7826],{"class":137},[66,24846,110],{"class":102},[66,24848,14603],{"class":106},[66,24850,131],{"class":102},[20,24852,24853,24854,24857],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24855,24856],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[52,24859,4715,24861],{"id":24860},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24862,16828],{},[20,24864,160,24865,10364],{},[15,24866,16828],{},[33,24868,24869,24872,24875],{},[36,24870,24871],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[36,24873,24874],{},"you want to display available fields",[36,24876,24877],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24879,923],{},[57,24881,24883],{"className":59,"code":24882,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24884,24885,24938,24942,24957,24974],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24886,24887,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24907,24909,24911,24913,24916,24918,24920,24923,24925,24927,24930,24932,24934,24936],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24888,24889],{"class":72},"product ",[66,24891,77],{"class":76},[66,24893,10253],{"class":102},[66,24895,113],{"class":80},[66,24897,7423],{"class":84},[66,24899,113],{"class":80},[66,24901,1111],{"class":102},[66,24903,81],{"class":80},[66,24905,24906],{"class":84},"Book",[66,24908,113],{"class":80},[66,24910,121],{"class":102},[66,24912,81],{"class":80},[66,24914,24915],{"class":84},"price",[66,24917,113],{"class":80},[66,24919,1111],{"class":102},[66,24921,24922],{"class":478}," 12.99",[66,24924,121],{"class":102},[66,24926,81],{"class":80},[66,24928,24929],{"class":84},"stock",[66,24931,113],{"class":80},[66,24933,1111],{"class":102},[66,24935,4357],{"class":478},[66,24937,9070],{"class":102},[66,24939,24940],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,24941,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,24943,24944,24946,24948,24950,24953,24955],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,24945,138],{"class":137},[66,24947,110],{"class":102},[66,24949,113],{"class":80},[66,24951,24952],{"class":84},"Available fields:",[66,24954,113],{"class":80},[66,24956,131],{"class":102},[66,24958,24959,24961,24963,24965,24968,24970,24972],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,24960,5710],{"class":3627},[66,24962,17971],{"class":72},[66,24964,3634],{"class":3627},[66,24966,24967],{"class":72}," product",[66,24969,103],{"class":102},[66,24971,16686],{"class":106},[66,24973,21359],{"class":102},[66,24975,24976,24978,24980,24982],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,24977,7826],{"class":137},[66,24979,110],{"class":102},[66,24981,14603],{"class":106},[66,24983,131],{"class":102},[20,24985,24986],{},[398,24987,148],{},[57,24989,24991],{"className":59,"code":24990,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24992,24993,25000,25004,25009],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24994,24995,24998],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24996,24997],{"class":72},"Available fields",[66,24999,6146],{"class":102},[66,25001,25002],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25003,24810],{"class":72},[66,25005,25006],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,25007,25008],{"class":72},"price\n",[66,25010,25011],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,25012,25013],{"class":72},"stock\n",[20,25015,25016],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[57,25018,25020],{"className":59,"code":25019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25021,25022,25058,25062],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25023,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25025,24889],{"class":72},[66,25027,77],{"class":76},[66,25029,10253],{"class":102},[66,25031,113],{"class":80},[66,25033,7423],{"class":84},[66,25035,113],{"class":80},[66,25037,1111],{"class":102},[66,25039,81],{"class":80},[66,25041,24906],{"class":84},[66,25043,113],{"class":80},[66,25045,121],{"class":102},[66,25047,81],{"class":80},[66,25049,24915],{"class":84},[66,25051,113],{"class":80},[66,25053,1111],{"class":102},[66,25055,24922],{"class":478},[66,25057,9070],{"class":102},[66,25059,25060],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25061,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,25063,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,25065,138],{"class":137},[66,25067,110],{"class":102},[66,25069,113],{"class":80},[66,25071,7423],{"class":84},[66,25073,113],{"class":80},[66,25075,20937],{"class":3627},[66,25077,24967],{"class":106},[66,25079,103],{"class":102},[66,25081,16686],{"class":106},[66,25083,6949],{"class":102},[20,25085,25086,25087,103],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25088,3350],{},[20,25090,25091],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[57,25093,25095],{"className":59,"code":25094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25096,25097],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25098,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25100,138],{"class":137},[66,25102,110],{"class":102},[66,25104,113],{"class":80},[66,25106,7423],{"class":84},[66,25108,113],{"class":80},[66,25110,20937],{"class":3627},[66,25112,24967],{"class":106},[66,25114,131],{"class":102},[20,25116,25117,25118,103],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[200,25119,20970],{"href":16916},[52,25121,25123],{"id":25122},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25125,25126,25127,103],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25128,16828],{},[258,25130,1119,25132,25134],{"id":25131},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25133,16828],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25136,25137,25139],{},[15,25138,16828],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25141,923],{},[57,25143,25145],{"className":59,"code":25144,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25146,25147,25183],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25148,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25150,8926],{"class":72},[66,25152,77],{"class":76},[66,25154,10253],{"class":102},[66,25156,113],{"class":80},[66,25158,7423],{"class":84},[66,25160,113],{"class":80},[66,25162,1111],{"class":102},[66,25164,81],{"class":80},[66,25166,12643],{"class":84},[66,25168,113],{"class":80},[66,25170,121],{"class":102},[66,25172,81],{"class":80},[66,25174,9060],{"class":84},[66,25176,113],{"class":80},[66,25178,1111],{"class":102},[66,25180,7546],{"class":478},[66,25182,9070],{"class":102},[66,25184,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25186,138],{"class":137},[66,25188,110],{"class":102},[66,25190,8965],{"class":106},[66,25192,103],{"class":102},[66,25194,16686],{"class":106},[66,25196,6949],{"class":102},[20,25198,25199],{},[398,25200,148],{},[57,25202,25204],{"className":59,"code":25203,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25205,25206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25207,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25209,16777],{"class":106},[66,25211,2726],{"class":102},[66,25213,3044],{"class":80},[66,25215,7423],{"class":84},[66,25217,3044],{"class":80},[66,25219,121],{"class":102},[66,25221,3039],{"class":80},[66,25223,9060],{"class":84},[66,25225,3044],{"class":80},[66,25227,3640],{"class":102},[20,25229,25230,25231,103],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[200,25232,25233],{"href":16838},[15,25234,16841],{},[258,25236,25238,25239],{"id":25237},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25240,16777],{},[20,25242,25243],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[57,25245,25247],{"className":59,"code":25246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25248,25249],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25250,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25252,3652],{"class":102},[66,25254,3044],{"class":80},[66,25256,7423],{"class":84},[66,25258,3044],{"class":80},[66,25260,121],{"class":102},[66,25262,3039],{"class":80},[66,25264,9060],{"class":84},[66,25266,3044],{"class":80},[66,25268,3383],{"class":102},[20,25270,25271,25272,25274],{},"But ",[15,25273,16828],{}," returns:",[57,25276,25277],{"className":59,"code":25203,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25278,25279],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25280,25281,25283,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25282,16777],{"class":106},[66,25284,2726],{"class":102},[66,25286,3044],{"class":80},[66,25288,7423],{"class":84},[66,25290,3044],{"class":80},[66,25292,121],{"class":102},[66,25294,3039],{"class":80},[66,25296,9060],{"class":84},[66,25298,3044],{"class":80},[66,25300,3640],{"class":102},[20,25302,25303],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[57,25305,25307],{"className":59,"code":25306,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25308,25309,25345,25364,25368],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25310,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341,25343],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25312,8926],{"class":72},[66,25314,77],{"class":76},[66,25316,10253],{"class":102},[66,25318,113],{"class":80},[66,25320,7423],{"class":84},[66,25322,113],{"class":80},[66,25324,1111],{"class":102},[66,25326,81],{"class":80},[66,25328,12643],{"class":84},[66,25330,113],{"class":80},[66,25332,121],{"class":102},[66,25334,81],{"class":80},[66,25336,9060],{"class":84},[66,25338,113],{"class":80},[66,25340,1111],{"class":102},[66,25342,7546],{"class":478},[66,25344,9070],{"class":102},[66,25346,25347,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25348,25349],{"class":72},"key_list ",[66,25351,77],{"class":76},[66,25353,22324],{"class":2641},[66,25355,110],{"class":102},[66,25357,8965],{"class":106},[66,25359,103],{"class":102},[66,25361,16686],{"class":106},[66,25363,6949],{"class":102},[66,25365,25366],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,25367,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,25369,25370,25372,25374,25377],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,25371,138],{"class":137},[66,25373,110],{"class":102},[66,25375,25376],{"class":106},"key_list",[66,25378,131],{"class":102},[258,25380,25382,25383,25385],{"id":25381},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25384,16828],{}," on a list or string",[20,25387,25388,25390],{},[15,25389,16828],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25392,2575],{},[57,25394,25396],{"className":59,"code":25395,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25397,25398,25418],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25399,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25401,3365],{"class":72},[66,25403,77],{"class":76},[66,25405,3370],{"class":102},[66,25407,2729],{"class":478},[66,25409,121],{"class":102},[66,25411,561],{"class":478},[66,25413,121],{"class":102},[66,25415,2186],{"class":478},[66,25417,3383],{"class":102},[66,25419,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25421,138],{"class":137},[66,25423,110],{"class":102},[66,25425,3397],{"class":106},[66,25427,103],{"class":102},[66,25429,16686],{"class":106},[66,25431,6949],{"class":102},[20,25433,25434,25435,25438,25439,25441,25442,103],{},"You may get an ",[15,25436,25437],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25440,16828],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[200,25443,25445,25446,25449],{"href":25444},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25447,25448],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[258,25451,25453],{"id":25452},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25455,25456],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[57,25458,25460],{"className":59,"code":25459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25461,25462,25486],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25463,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25465,8926],{"class":72},[66,25467,77],{"class":76},[66,25469,10253],{"class":102},[66,25471,113],{"class":80},[66,25473,7423],{"class":84},[66,25475,113],{"class":80},[66,25477,1111],{"class":102},[66,25479,81],{"class":80},[66,25481,12643],{"class":84},[66,25483,113],{"class":80},[66,25485,9070],{"class":102},[66,25487,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25489,138],{"class":137},[66,25491,110],{"class":102},[66,25493,8965],{"class":106},[66,25495,103],{"class":102},[66,25497,16686],{"class":24515},[66,25499,131],{"class":102},[20,25501,25502],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25504,18457],{},[57,25506,25508],{"className":59,"code":25507,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25509,25510],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25511,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25513,138],{"class":137},[66,25515,110],{"class":102},[66,25517,8965],{"class":106},[66,25519,103],{"class":102},[66,25521,16686],{"class":106},[66,25523,6949],{"class":102},[52,25525,2568],{"id":2567},[20,25527,25528,25529,1111],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25530,16828],{},[33,25532,25533,25538,25544,25550],{},[36,25534,8176,25535,25537],{},[15,25536,16828],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[36,25539,25540,25541,25543],{},"Thinking ",[15,25542,16828],{}," returns values too",[36,25545,25546,25547,25549],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25548,16777],{}," like a normal list",[36,25551,25552,25553,25555],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25554,16777],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25557,25558],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[57,25560,25562],{"className":59,"code":25561,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25563,25564,25596,25610,25614,25624],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25565,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25567,8926],{"class":72},[66,25569,77],{"class":76},[66,25571,10253],{"class":102},[66,25573,113],{"class":80},[66,25575,200],{"class":84},[66,25577,113],{"class":80},[66,25579,1111],{"class":102},[66,25581,479],{"class":478},[66,25583,121],{"class":102},[66,25585,81],{"class":80},[66,25587,4514],{"class":84},[66,25589,113],{"class":80},[66,25591,1111],{"class":102},[66,25593,561],{"class":478},[66,25595,9070],{"class":102},[66,25597,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25599,17005],{"class":72},[66,25601,77],{"class":76},[66,25603,14328],{"class":72},[66,25605,103],{"class":102},[66,25607,16686],{"class":106},[66,25609,8402],{"class":102},[66,25611,25612],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,25613,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,25615,25616,25618,25620,25622],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,25617,138],{"class":137},[66,25619,110],{"class":102},[66,25621,16686],{"class":106},[66,25623,131],{"class":102},[66,25625,25626],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,25627,25628],{"class":3413},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25630,25631],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[57,25633,25635],{"className":59,"code":25634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25636,25637,25669,25687,25691],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25638,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25640,8926],{"class":72},[66,25642,77],{"class":76},[66,25644,10253],{"class":102},[66,25646,113],{"class":80},[66,25648,200],{"class":84},[66,25650,113],{"class":80},[66,25652,1111],{"class":102},[66,25654,479],{"class":478},[66,25656,121],{"class":102},[66,25658,81],{"class":80},[66,25660,4514],{"class":84},[66,25662,113],{"class":80},[66,25664,1111],{"class":102},[66,25666,561],{"class":478},[66,25668,9070],{"class":102},[66,25670,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25672,17005],{"class":72},[66,25674,77],{"class":76},[66,25676,22324],{"class":2641},[66,25678,110],{"class":102},[66,25680,8965],{"class":106},[66,25682,103],{"class":102},[66,25684,16686],{"class":106},[66,25686,6949],{"class":102},[66,25688,25689],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,25690,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,25692,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,25694,138],{"class":137},[66,25696,110],{"class":102},[66,25698,16686],{"class":106},[66,25700,3652],{"class":102},[66,25702,1852],{"class":478},[66,25704,3640],{"class":102},[52,25706,25708],{"id":25707},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25710,10875],{},[57,25712,25714],{"className":59,"code":25713,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25715,25716,25730,25740,25754],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25717,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25719,138],{"class":137},[66,25721,110],{"class":102},[66,25723,2964],{"class":2641},[66,25725,110],{"class":102},[66,25727,11212],{"class":106},[66,25729,1330],{"class":102},[66,25731,25732,25734,25736,25738],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25733,138],{"class":137},[66,25735,110],{"class":102},[66,25737,11212],{"class":106},[66,25739,131],{"class":102},[66,25741,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,25743,138],{"class":137},[66,25745,110],{"class":102},[66,25747,11212],{"class":106},[66,25749,103],{"class":102},[66,25751,16686],{"class":106},[66,25753,6949],{"class":102},[66,25755,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,25757,138],{"class":137},[66,25759,110],{"class":102},[66,25761,7851],{"class":2641},[66,25763,110],{"class":102},[66,25765,11212],{"class":106},[66,25767,103],{"class":102},[66,25769,16686],{"class":106},[66,25771,6042],{"class":102},[20,25773,25774],{},"These help you confirm:",[33,25776,25777,25780,25783,25787],{},[36,25778,25779],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[36,25781,25782],{},"what data it contains",[36,25784,38,25785,904],{},[15,25786,16828],{},[36,25788,25789],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[52,25791,1518],{"id":1517},[258,25793,23683,25795,4900],{"id":25794},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25796,16828],{},[20,25798,17183,25799,25801],{},[15,25800,16777],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[258,25803,1610,25805,25808],{"id":25804},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25806,25807],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25810,25811,25812,25814,25815,103],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25813,16777],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25816,25817],{},"list(dict.keys())",[258,25819,25821,25822,2228],{"id":25820},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25823,25807],{},[20,25825,25826,25827,25829],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25828,5710],{}," loop.",[258,25831,25833,25834,25836],{"id":25832},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25835,16828],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25838,25839,25840,25842],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25841,16828],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[258,25844,25846],{"id":25845},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25848,160,25849,103],{},[15,25850,25851],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[52,25853,1620],{"id":1619},[33,25855,25856,25861,25867,25873,25879,25883],{},[36,25857,25858],{},[200,25859,25860],{"href":9152},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[36,25862,25863],{},[200,25864,10500,25865,774],{"href":16831},[15,25866,16834],{},[36,25868,25869],{},[200,25870,10500,25871,774],{"href":16838},[15,25872,16841],{},[36,25874,25875],{},[200,25876,25878],{"href":25877},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[36,25880,25881],{},[200,25882,16917],{"href":16916},[36,25884,25885],{},[200,25886,25887,25888,25449],{"href":25444},"How to fix ",[15,25889,25448],{},[1651,25891,25892],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":25894},[25895,25896,25898,25899,25900,25901,25902,25904,25913,25914,25915,25926],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":24014,"depth":91,"text":25897},"What keys() does",{"id":282,"depth":91,"text":283},{"id":206,"depth":91,"text":207},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":24704,"depth":91,"text":24705},{"id":24860,"depth":91,"text":25903},"When to use keys()",{"id":25122,"depth":91,"text":25123,"children":25905},[25906,25908,25910,25912],{"id":25131,"depth":134,"text":25907},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25237,"depth":134,"text":25909},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25381,"depth":134,"text":25911},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25452,"depth":134,"text":25453},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":25707,"depth":91,"text":25708},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":25916},[25917,25919,25921,25923,25925],{"id":25794,"depth":134,"text":25918},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25804,"depth":134,"text":25920},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25820,"depth":134,"text":25922},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25832,"depth":134,"text":25924},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25845,"depth":134,"text":25846},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23836,"description":25927},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25933,"title":25934,"body":25935,"description":28208,"extension":1694,"meta":28209,"navigation":338,"path":28210,"seo":28211,"stem":28212,"__hash__":28213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25936,"toc":28161},[25937,25942,25947,25950,25952,26098,26111,26116,26120,26134,26136,26239,26248,26250,26253,26291,26316,26318,26425,26427,26434,26437,26445,26447,26588,26596,26601,26605,26616,26618,26780,26783,26791,26798,26804,26901,26907,26984,26987,26999,27004,27010,27013,27017,27106,27109,27113,27217,27224,27311,27320,27322,27327,27333,27336,27382,27385,27451,27460,27466,27559,27565,27571,27614,27617,27682,27688,27780,27783,27787,27793,27818,27821,27917,27924,27926,27931,28022,28024,28052,28057,28059,28066,28069,28073,28083,28088,28091,28098,28108,28115,28123,28125,28158],[10,25938,11081,25940,18],{"id":25939},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25941,12525],{},[20,25943,25944,25946],{},[15,25945,12332],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25948,25949],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[52,25951,3355],{"id":3354},[57,25953,25955],{"className":59,"code":25954,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25956,25957,25993,26017,26031,26044,26048,26053,26085],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25958,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25960,12965],{"class":72},[66,25962,77],{"class":76},[66,25964,10253],{"class":102},[66,25966,113],{"class":80},[66,25968,7423],{"class":84},[66,25970,113],{"class":80},[66,25972,1111],{"class":102},[66,25974,81],{"class":80},[66,25976,12643],{"class":84},[66,25978,113],{"class":80},[66,25980,121],{"class":102},[66,25982,81],{"class":80},[66,25984,9060],{"class":84},[66,25986,113],{"class":80},[66,25988,1111],{"class":102},[66,25990,9067],{"class":478},[66,25992,9070],{"class":102},[66,25994,25995,25998,26000,26002,26004,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,25996,25997],{"class":72},"removed_age ",[66,25999,77],{"class":76},[66,26001,13008],{"class":72},[66,26003,103],{"class":102},[66,26005,26006],{"class":106},"pop",[66,26008,110],{"class":102},[66,26010,113],{"class":80},[66,26012,9060],{"class":84},[66,26014,113],{"class":80},[66,26016,131],{"class":102},[66,26018,26019,26021,26023,26026,26028],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,26020,138],{"class":137},[66,26022,110],{"class":102},[66,26024,26025],{"class":106},"removed_age",[66,26027,3410],{"class":102},[66,26029,26030],{"class":3413},"   # 25\n",[66,26032,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,26034,138],{"class":137},[66,26036,110],{"class":102},[66,26038,17070],{"class":106},[66,26040,3410],{"class":102},[66,26042,26043],{"class":3413},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[66,26045,26046],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,26047,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26049,26050],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,26051,26052],{"class":3413},"# Safe version with default value\n",[66,26054,26055,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26081,26083],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,26056,26057],{"class":72},"country ",[66,26059,77],{"class":76},[66,26061,13008],{"class":72},[66,26063,103],{"class":102},[66,26065,26006],{"class":106},[66,26067,110],{"class":102},[66,26069,113],{"class":80},[66,26071,15023],{"class":84},[66,26073,113],{"class":80},[66,26075,121],{"class":102},[66,26077,81],{"class":80},[66,26079,26080],{"class":84},"Not found",[66,26082,113],{"class":80},[66,26084,131],{"class":102},[66,26086,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,26088,138],{"class":137},[66,26090,110],{"class":102},[66,26092,15023],{"class":106},[66,26094,3410],{"class":102},[66,26096,26097],{"class":3413},"       # Not found\n",[20,26099,160,26100,26103,26104,26107,26108,26110],{},[15,26101,26102],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26105,26106],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26109,19450],{}," when the key might not exist.",[52,26112,168,26114,41],{"id":26113},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26115,12332],{},[20,26117,26118,1111],{},[15,26119,12332],{},[33,26121,26122,26125,26128,26131],{},[36,26123,26124],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[36,26126,26127],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[36,26129,26130],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[36,26132,26133],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26135,923],{},[57,26137,26139],{"className":59,"code":26138,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26140,26141,26181,26185,26208,26212,26226],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26142,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26144,11251],{"class":72},[66,26146,77],{"class":76},[66,26148,10253],{"class":102},[66,26150,113],{"class":80},[66,26152,7423],{"class":84},[66,26154,113],{"class":80},[66,26156,1111],{"class":102},[66,26158,81],{"class":80},[66,26160,12982],{"class":84},[66,26162,113],{"class":80},[66,26164,121],{"class":102},[66,26166,81],{"class":80},[66,26168,10171],{"class":84},[66,26170,113],{"class":80},[66,26172,1111],{"class":102},[66,26174,81],{"class":80},[66,26176,10178],{"class":84},[66,26178,113],{"class":80},[66,26180,9070],{"class":102},[66,26182,26183],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,26184,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26186,26187,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,26188,26189],{"class":72},"removed_city ",[66,26191,77],{"class":76},[66,26193,11334],{"class":72},[66,26195,103],{"class":102},[66,26197,26006],{"class":106},[66,26199,110],{"class":102},[66,26201,113],{"class":80},[66,26203,10171],{"class":84},[66,26205,113],{"class":80},[66,26207,131],{"class":102},[66,26209,26210],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,26211,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26213,26214,26216,26218,26221,26223],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,26215,138],{"class":137},[66,26217,110],{"class":102},[66,26219,26220],{"class":106},"removed_city",[66,26222,3410],{"class":102},[66,26224,26225],{"class":3413},"  # Paris\n",[66,26227,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,26229,138],{"class":137},[66,26231,110],{"class":102},[66,26233,11345],{"class":106},[66,26235,3410],{"class":102},[66,26237,26238],{"class":3413},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26240,20534,26241,26244,26245,103],{},[15,26242,26243],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26246,26247],{},"\"Paris\"",[52,26249,1891],{"id":1890},[20,26251,26252],{},"There are two common forms:",[57,26254,26256],{"className":59,"code":26255,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26257,26258,26272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26259,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26261,11212],{"class":72},[66,26263,103],{"class":102},[66,26265,26006],{"class":106},[66,26267,110],{"class":102},[66,26269,14603],{"class":106},[66,26271,131],{"class":102},[66,26273,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26289],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,26275,11212],{"class":72},[66,26277,103],{"class":102},[66,26279,26006],{"class":106},[66,26281,110],{"class":102},[66,26283,14603],{"class":106},[66,26285,121],{"class":102},[66,26287,26288],{"class":106}," default",[66,26290,131],{"class":102},[33,26292,26293,26299,26307,26313],{},[36,26294,26295,26298],{},[15,26296,26297],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[36,26300,26301,26303,26304,26306],{},[15,26302,26297],{}," raises ",[15,26305,19450],{}," if the key is missing",[36,26308,26309,26312],{},[15,26310,26311],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[36,26314,26315],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26317,923],{},[57,26319,26321],{"className":59,"code":26320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26322,26323,26355,26359,26384,26412],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26324,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26326,4818],{"class":72},[66,26328,77],{"class":76},[66,26330,10253],{"class":102},[66,26332,113],{"class":80},[66,26334,18179],{"class":84},[66,26336,113],{"class":80},[66,26338,1111],{"class":102},[66,26340,19661],{"class":478},[66,26342,121],{"class":102},[66,26344,81],{"class":80},[66,26346,18188],{"class":84},[66,26348,113],{"class":80},[66,26350,1111],{"class":102},[66,26352,13268],{"class":478},[66,26354,9070],{"class":102},[66,26356,26357],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,26358,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26360,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,26362,138],{"class":137},[66,26364,110],{"class":102},[66,26366,16151],{"class":106},[66,26368,103],{"class":102},[66,26370,26006],{"class":106},[66,26372,110],{"class":102},[66,26374,113],{"class":80},[66,26376,18179],{"class":84},[66,26378,113],{"class":80},[66,26380,5117],{"class":102},[66,26382,26383],{"class":3413},"         # 90\n",[66,26385,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408,26410],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,26387,138],{"class":137},[66,26389,110],{"class":102},[66,26391,16151],{"class":106},[66,26393,103],{"class":102},[66,26395,26006],{"class":106},[66,26397,110],{"class":102},[66,26399,113],{"class":80},[66,26401,18197],{"class":84},[66,26403,113],{"class":80},[66,26405,121],{"class":102},[66,26407,3584],{"class":478},[66,26409,5117],{"class":102},[66,26411,20531],{"class":3413},[66,26413,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,26415,138],{"class":137},[66,26417,110],{"class":102},[66,26419,16151],{"class":106},[66,26421,3410],{"class":102},[66,26423,26424],{"class":3413},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[52,26426,17180],{"id":17179},[20,26428,26429,13815,26431,26433],{},[15,26430,12525],{},[398,26432,4383],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26435,26436],{},"Instead, it returns:",[33,26438,26439,26442],{},[36,26440,26441],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[36,26443,26444],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26446,923],{},[57,26448,26450],{"className":59,"code":26449,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26451,26452,26484,26488,26511,26543,26547,26561,26575],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26453,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26455,8926],{"class":72},[66,26457,77],{"class":76},[66,26459,10253],{"class":102},[66,26461,113],{"class":80},[66,26463,200],{"class":84},[66,26465,113],{"class":80},[66,26467,1111],{"class":102},[66,26469,5757],{"class":478},[66,26471,121],{"class":102},[66,26473,81],{"class":80},[66,26475,4514],{"class":84},[66,26477,113],{"class":80},[66,26479,1111],{"class":102},[66,26481,7546],{"class":478},[66,26483,9070],{"class":102},[66,26485,26486],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,26487,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26489,26490,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,26491,26492],{"class":72},"result1 ",[66,26494,77],{"class":76},[66,26496,14328],{"class":72},[66,26498,103],{"class":102},[66,26500,26006],{"class":106},[66,26502,110],{"class":102},[66,26504,113],{"class":80},[66,26506,200],{"class":84},[66,26508,113],{"class":80},[66,26510,131],{"class":102},[66,26512,26513,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26539,26541],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,26514,26515],{"class":72},"result2 ",[66,26517,77],{"class":76},[66,26519,14328],{"class":72},[66,26521,103],{"class":102},[66,26523,26006],{"class":106},[66,26525,110],{"class":102},[66,26527,113],{"class":80},[66,26529,9501],{"class":84},[66,26531,113],{"class":80},[66,26533,121],{"class":102},[66,26535,81],{"class":80},[66,26537,26538],{"class":84},"missing",[66,26540,113],{"class":80},[66,26542,131],{"class":102},[66,26544,26545],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,26546,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26548,26549,26551,26553,26556,26558],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,26550,138],{"class":137},[66,26552,110],{"class":102},[66,26554,26555],{"class":106},"result1",[66,26557,3410],{"class":102},[66,26559,26560],{"class":3413},"  # 10\n",[66,26562,26563,26565,26567,26570,26572],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,26564,138],{"class":137},[66,26566,110],{"class":102},[66,26568,26569],{"class":106},"result2",[66,26571,3410],{"class":102},[66,26573,26574],{"class":3413},"  # missing\n",[66,26576,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,26578,138],{"class":137},[66,26580,110],{"class":102},[66,26582,8965],{"class":106},[66,26584,3410],{"class":102},[66,26586,26587],{"class":3413},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26589,26590,26591,6385],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[200,26592,26593],{"href":10499},[15,26594,26595],{},"dict.get()",[52,26597,4715,26599],{"id":26598},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26600,12525],{},[20,26602,160,26603,10364],{},[15,26604,12525],{},[33,26606,26607,26610,26613],{},[36,26608,26609],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[36,26611,26612],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[36,26614,26615],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26617,923],{},[57,26619,26621],{"className":59,"code":26620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26622,26623,26675,26679,26706,26710,26734,26738,26752,26766],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26624,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26659,26661,26663,26666,26668,26670,26673],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26626,24889],{"class":72},[66,26628,77],{"class":76},[66,26630,10253],{"class":102},[66,26632,113],{"class":80},[66,26634,7423],{"class":84},[66,26636,113],{"class":80},[66,26638,1111],{"class":102},[66,26640,81],{"class":80},[66,26642,26643],{"class":84},"Laptop",[66,26645,113],{"class":80},[66,26647,121],{"class":102},[66,26649,81],{"class":80},[66,26651,24915],{"class":84},[66,26653,113],{"class":80},[66,26655,1111],{"class":102},[66,26657,26658],{"class":478}," 1200",[66,26660,121],{"class":102},[66,26662,81],{"class":80},[66,26664,26665],{"class":84},"discount",[66,26667,113],{"class":80},[66,26669,1111],{"class":102},[66,26671,26672],{"class":478}," 200",[66,26674,9070],{"class":102},[66,26676,26677],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,26678,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26680,26681,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,26682,26683],{"class":72},"discount_amount ",[66,26685,77],{"class":76},[66,26687,24967],{"class":72},[66,26689,103],{"class":102},[66,26691,26006],{"class":106},[66,26693,110],{"class":102},[66,26695,113],{"class":80},[66,26697,26665],{"class":84},[66,26699,113],{"class":80},[66,26701,121],{"class":102},[66,26703,3584],{"class":478},[66,26705,131],{"class":102},[66,26707,26708],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,26709,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26711,26712,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,26713,26714],{"class":72},"final_price ",[66,26716,77],{"class":76},[66,26718,24967],{"class":72},[66,26720,3652],{"class":102},[66,26722,113],{"class":80},[66,26724,24915],{"class":84},[66,26726,113],{"class":80},[66,26728,13034],{"class":102},[66,26730,1956],{"class":76},[66,26732,26733],{"class":72}," discount_amount\n",[66,26735,26736],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,26737,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26739,26740,26742,26744,26747,26749],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,26741,138],{"class":137},[66,26743,110],{"class":102},[66,26745,26746],{"class":106},"discount_amount",[66,26748,3410],{"class":102},[66,26750,26751],{"class":3413},"  # 200\n",[66,26753,26754,26756,26758,26761,26763],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,26755,138],{"class":137},[66,26757,110],{"class":102},[66,26759,26760],{"class":106},"final_price",[66,26762,3410],{"class":102},[66,26764,26765],{"class":3413},"      # 1000\n",[66,26767,26768,26770,26772,26775,26777],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,26769,138],{"class":137},[66,26771,110],{"class":102},[66,26773,26774],{"class":106},"product",[66,26776,3410],{"class":102},[66,26778,26779],{"class":3413},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26781,26782],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[52,26784,26786,10348,26788],{"id":26785},"pop-vs-del",[15,26787,12525],{},[15,26789,26790],{},"del",[20,26792,10353,26793,798,26795,26797],{},[15,26794,12525],{},[15,26796,26790],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[258,26799,160,26801,26803],{"id":26800},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26802,12525],{}," when you need the removed value",[57,26805,26807],{"className":59,"code":26806,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26808,26809,26845,26849,26871,26875,26888],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26810,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26812,12965],{"class":72},[66,26814,77],{"class":76},[66,26816,10253],{"class":102},[66,26818,113],{"class":80},[66,26820,7423],{"class":84},[66,26822,113],{"class":80},[66,26824,1111],{"class":102},[66,26826,81],{"class":80},[66,26828,12643],{"class":84},[66,26830,113],{"class":80},[66,26832,121],{"class":102},[66,26834,81],{"class":80},[66,26836,9060],{"class":84},[66,26838,113],{"class":80},[66,26840,1111],{"class":102},[66,26842,9067],{"class":478},[66,26844,9070],{"class":102},[66,26846,26847],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,26848,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26850,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,26852,21392],{"class":72},[66,26854,77],{"class":76},[66,26856,13008],{"class":72},[66,26858,103],{"class":102},[66,26860,26006],{"class":106},[66,26862,110],{"class":102},[66,26864,113],{"class":80},[66,26866,9060],{"class":84},[66,26868,113],{"class":80},[66,26870,131],{"class":102},[66,26872,26873],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,26874,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26876,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,26878,138],{"class":137},[66,26880,110],{"class":102},[66,26882,9060],{"class":106},[66,26884,3410],{"class":102},[66,26886,26887],{"class":3413},"     # 25\n",[66,26889,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,26891,138],{"class":137},[66,26893,110],{"class":102},[66,26895,17070],{"class":106},[66,26897,3410],{"class":102},[66,26899,26900],{"class":3413},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[258,26902,160,26904,26906],{"id":26903},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26905,26790],{}," when you only want deletion",[57,26908,26910],{"className":59,"code":26909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26911,26912,26948,26952,26968,26972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26913,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26915,12965],{"class":72},[66,26917,77],{"class":76},[66,26919,10253],{"class":102},[66,26921,113],{"class":80},[66,26923,7423],{"class":84},[66,26925,113],{"class":80},[66,26927,1111],{"class":102},[66,26929,81],{"class":80},[66,26931,12643],{"class":84},[66,26933,113],{"class":80},[66,26935,121],{"class":102},[66,26937,81],{"class":80},[66,26939,9060],{"class":84},[66,26941,113],{"class":80},[66,26943,1111],{"class":102},[66,26945,9067],{"class":478},[66,26947,9070],{"class":102},[66,26949,26950],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,26951,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26953,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,26955,26790],{"class":3627},[66,26957,13008],{"class":72},[66,26959,3652],{"class":102},[66,26961,113],{"class":80},[66,26963,9060],{"class":84},[66,26965,113],{"class":80},[66,26967,3383],{"class":102},[66,26969,26970],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,26971,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,26973,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,26975,138],{"class":137},[66,26977,110],{"class":102},[66,26979,17070],{"class":106},[66,26981,3410],{"class":102},[66,26983,26900],{"class":3413},[20,26985,26986],{},"Difference:",[33,26988,26989,26994],{},[36,26990,26991,26993],{},[15,26992,12525],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[36,26995,26996,26998],{},[15,26997,26790],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27000,27001,27002,103],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[200,27003,12337],{"href":12336},[52,27005,27007,27008],{"id":27006},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27009,19450],{},[20,27011,27012],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[258,27014,27016],{"id":27015},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[57,27018,27020],{"className":59,"code":27019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27021,27022,27047,27051,27077,27081,27093],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27023,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27043,27045],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27025,11487],{"class":72},[66,27027,77],{"class":76},[66,27029,10253],{"class":102},[66,27031,113],{"class":80},[66,27033,7423],{"class":84},[66,27035,113],{"class":80},[66,27037,1111],{"class":102},[66,27039,81],{"class":80},[66,27041,27042],{"class":84},"Sara",[66,27044,113],{"class":80},[66,27046,9070],{"class":102},[66,27048,27049],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27050,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27052,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27054,2181],{"class":72},[66,27056,77],{"class":76},[66,27058,11528],{"class":72},[66,27060,103],{"class":102},[66,27062,26006],{"class":106},[66,27064,110],{"class":102},[66,27066,113],{"class":80},[66,27068,9060],{"class":84},[66,27070,113],{"class":80},[66,27072,121],{"class":102},[66,27074,3603],{"class":3602},[66,27076,131],{"class":102},[66,27078,27079],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27080,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27082,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,27084,138],{"class":137},[66,27086,110],{"class":102},[66,27088,2208],{"class":106},[66,27090,3410],{"class":102},[66,27092,20324],{"class":3413},[66,27094,27095,27097,27099,27101,27103],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,27096,138],{"class":137},[66,27098,110],{"class":102},[66,27100,11212],{"class":106},[66,27102,3410],{"class":102},[66,27104,27105],{"class":3413}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27107,27108],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[258,27110,27112],{"id":27111},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[57,27114,27116],{"className":59,"code":27115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27117,27118,27142,27146,27162,27185,27195,27202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27119,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27121,11487],{"class":72},[66,27123,77],{"class":76},[66,27125,10253],{"class":102},[66,27127,113],{"class":80},[66,27129,7423],{"class":84},[66,27131,113],{"class":80},[66,27133,1111],{"class":102},[66,27135,81],{"class":80},[66,27137,27042],{"class":84},[66,27139,113],{"class":80},[66,27141,9070],{"class":102},[66,27143,27144],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27145,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27147,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27149,6752],{"class":3627},[66,27151,81],{"class":80},[66,27153,9060],{"class":84},[66,27155,113],{"class":80},[66,27157,20937],{"class":76},[66,27159,11528],{"class":72},[66,27161,6146],{"class":102},[66,27163,27164,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27165,27166],{"class":72},"    value ",[66,27168,77],{"class":76},[66,27170,11528],{"class":72},[66,27172,103],{"class":102},[66,27174,26006],{"class":106},[66,27176,110],{"class":102},[66,27178,113],{"class":80},[66,27180,9060],{"class":84},[66,27182,113],{"class":80},[66,27184,131],{"class":102},[66,27186,27187,27189,27191,27193],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,27188,7826],{"class":137},[66,27190,110],{"class":102},[66,27192,2208],{"class":106},[66,27194,131],{"class":102},[66,27196,27197,27200],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,27198,27199],{"class":3627},"else",[66,27201,6146],{"class":102},[66,27203,27204,27206,27208,27210,27213,27215],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,27205,7826],{"class":137},[66,27207,110],{"class":102},[66,27209,113],{"class":80},[66,27211,27212],{"class":84},"Key not found",[66,27214,113],{"class":80},[66,27216,131],{"class":102},[258,27218,27220,27221,27223],{"id":27219},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27222,10503],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[57,27225,27227],{"className":59,"code":27226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27228,27229,27253,27257,27283,27287,27299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27230,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27232,11487],{"class":72},[66,27234,77],{"class":76},[66,27236,10253],{"class":102},[66,27238,113],{"class":80},[66,27240,7423],{"class":84},[66,27242,113],{"class":80},[66,27244,1111],{"class":102},[66,27246,81],{"class":80},[66,27248,27042],{"class":84},[66,27250,113],{"class":80},[66,27252,9070],{"class":102},[66,27254,27255],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27256,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27258,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27260,2181],{"class":72},[66,27262,77],{"class":76},[66,27264,11528],{"class":72},[66,27266,103],{"class":102},[66,27268,19513],{"class":106},[66,27270,110],{"class":102},[66,27272,113],{"class":80},[66,27274,9060],{"class":84},[66,27276,113],{"class":80},[66,27278,121],{"class":102},[66,27280,3603],{"class":3602},[66,27282,131],{"class":102},[66,27284,27285],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27286,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27288,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,27290,138],{"class":137},[66,27292,110],{"class":102},[66,27294,2208],{"class":106},[66,27296,3410],{"class":102},[66,27298,20324],{"class":3413},[66,27300,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,27302,138],{"class":137},[66,27304,110],{"class":102},[66,27306,11212],{"class":106},[66,27308,3410],{"class":102},[66,27310,27105],{"class":3413},[20,27312,160,27313,27317,27318,103],{},[200,27314,27315],{"href":10499},[15,27316,26595],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[200,27319,11025],{"href":10836},[52,27321,1105],{"id":1104},[20,27323,27324,27325,103],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27326,12332],{},[258,27328,25540,27330,27332],{"id":27329},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27331,12525],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27334,27335],{},"Lists use indexes:",[57,27337,27339],{"className":59,"code":27338,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27340,27341,27361],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27342,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27344,3365],{"class":72},[66,27346,77],{"class":76},[66,27348,3370],{"class":102},[66,27350,2064],{"class":478},[66,27352,121],{"class":102},[66,27354,7546],{"class":478},[66,27356,121],{"class":102},[66,27358,7551],{"class":478},[66,27360,3383],{"class":102},[66,27362,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27364,138],{"class":137},[66,27366,110],{"class":102},[66,27368,3397],{"class":106},[66,27370,103],{"class":102},[66,27372,26006],{"class":106},[66,27374,110],{"class":102},[66,27376,2729],{"class":478},[66,27378,5117],{"class":102},[66,27380,27381],{"class":3413},"  # 20\n",[20,27383,27384],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[57,27386,27388],{"className":59,"code":27387,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27389,27390,27426],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27391,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27393,12965],{"class":72},[66,27395,77],{"class":76},[66,27397,10253],{"class":102},[66,27399,113],{"class":80},[66,27401,7423],{"class":84},[66,27403,113],{"class":80},[66,27405,1111],{"class":102},[66,27407,81],{"class":80},[66,27409,12643],{"class":84},[66,27411,113],{"class":80},[66,27413,121],{"class":102},[66,27415,81],{"class":80},[66,27417,9060],{"class":84},[66,27419,113],{"class":80},[66,27421,1111],{"class":102},[66,27423,9067],{"class":478},[66,27425,9070],{"class":102},[66,27427,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27429,138],{"class":137},[66,27431,110],{"class":102},[66,27433,17070],{"class":106},[66,27435,103],{"class":102},[66,27437,26006],{"class":106},[66,27439,110],{"class":102},[66,27441,113],{"class":80},[66,27443,9060],{"class":84},[66,27445,113],{"class":80},[66,27447,5117],{"class":102},[66,27449,27450],{"class":3413},"  # 25\n",[20,27452,27453,27454,27456,27457,27459],{},"A dictionary does ",[398,27455,4383],{}," use positions with ",[15,27458,12525],{},". It uses keys.",[258,27461,4457,27463,27465],{"id":27462},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27464,12525],{}," changes the original dictionary",[57,27467,27469],{"className":59,"code":27468,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27470,27471,27503,27507,27529,27533,27546],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27472,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27474,8926],{"class":72},[66,27476,77],{"class":76},[66,27478,10253],{"class":102},[66,27480,113],{"class":80},[66,27482,960],{"class":84},[66,27484,113],{"class":80},[66,27486,1111],{"class":102},[66,27488,479],{"class":478},[66,27490,121],{"class":102},[66,27492,81],{"class":80},[66,27494,969],{"class":84},[66,27496,113],{"class":80},[66,27498,1111],{"class":102},[66,27500,561],{"class":478},[66,27502,9070],{"class":102},[66,27504,27505],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27506,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27508,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27510,2181],{"class":72},[66,27512,77],{"class":76},[66,27514,14328],{"class":72},[66,27516,103],{"class":102},[66,27518,26006],{"class":106},[66,27520,110],{"class":102},[66,27522,113],{"class":80},[66,27524,960],{"class":84},[66,27526,113],{"class":80},[66,27528,131],{"class":102},[66,27530,27531],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27532,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27534,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,27536,138],{"class":137},[66,27538,110],{"class":102},[66,27540,2208],{"class":106},[66,27542,3410],{"class":102},[66,27544,27545],{"class":3413},"  # 1\n",[66,27547,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,27549,138],{"class":137},[66,27551,110],{"class":102},[66,27553,8965],{"class":106},[66,27555,3410],{"class":102},[66,27557,27558],{"class":3413},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27560,27561,27562,27564],{},"After ",[15,27563,12525],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[258,27566,8176,27568,27570],{"id":27567},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27569,12525],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[57,27572,27574],{"className":59,"code":27573,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27575,27576,27600,27604,27609],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27577,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27579,8926],{"class":72},[66,27581,77],{"class":76},[66,27583,10253],{"class":102},[66,27585,113],{"class":80},[66,27587,7423],{"class":84},[66,27589,113],{"class":80},[66,27591,1111],{"class":102},[66,27593,81],{"class":80},[66,27595,7678],{"class":84},[66,27597,113],{"class":80},[66,27599,9070],{"class":102},[66,27601,27602],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27603,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27605,27606],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27607,27608],{"class":3413},"# This causes an error\n",[66,27610,27611],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27612,27613],{"class":3413},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27615,27616],{},"Safer version:",[57,27618,27620],{"className":59,"code":27619,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27621,27622,27646,27650],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27623,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27625,8926],{"class":72},[66,27627,77],{"class":76},[66,27629,10253],{"class":102},[66,27631,113],{"class":80},[66,27633,7423],{"class":84},[66,27635,113],{"class":80},[66,27637,1111],{"class":102},[66,27639,81],{"class":80},[66,27641,7678],{"class":84},[66,27643,113],{"class":80},[66,27645,9070],{"class":102},[66,27647,27648],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27649,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27651,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27653,138],{"class":137},[66,27655,110],{"class":102},[66,27657,8965],{"class":106},[66,27659,103],{"class":102},[66,27661,26006],{"class":106},[66,27663,110],{"class":102},[66,27665,113],{"class":80},[66,27667,9060],{"class":84},[66,27669,113],{"class":80},[66,27671,121],{"class":102},[66,27673,81],{"class":80},[66,27675,26538],{"class":84},[66,27677,113],{"class":80},[66,27679,5117],{"class":102},[66,27681,26574],{"class":3413},[258,27683,1119,27685,27687],{"id":27684},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27686,12525],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[57,27689,27691],{"className":59,"code":27690,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27692,27693,27725,27729,27751,27755,27767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27694,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27696,8926],{"class":72},[66,27698,77],{"class":76},[66,27700,10253],{"class":102},[66,27702,113],{"class":80},[66,27704,200],{"class":84},[66,27706,113],{"class":80},[66,27708,1111],{"class":102},[66,27710,479],{"class":478},[66,27712,121],{"class":102},[66,27714,81],{"class":80},[66,27716,4514],{"class":84},[66,27718,113],{"class":80},[66,27720,1111],{"class":102},[66,27722,561],{"class":478},[66,27724,9070],{"class":102},[66,27726,27727],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27728,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27730,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27732,447],{"class":72},[66,27734,77],{"class":76},[66,27736,14328],{"class":72},[66,27738,103],{"class":102},[66,27740,26006],{"class":106},[66,27742,110],{"class":102},[66,27744,113],{"class":80},[66,27746,200],{"class":84},[66,27748,113],{"class":80},[66,27750,131],{"class":102},[66,27752,27753],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27754,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27756,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,27758,138],{"class":137},[66,27760,110],{"class":102},[66,27762,494],{"class":106},[66,27764,3410],{"class":102},[66,27766,27545],{"class":3413},[66,27768,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,27770,138],{"class":137},[66,27772,110],{"class":102},[66,27774,8965],{"class":106},[66,27776,3410],{"class":102},[66,27778,27779],{"class":3413},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27781,27782],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[52,27784,27786],{"id":27785},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27788,27789,27790,27792],{},"Problems with ",[15,27791,12332],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[33,27794,27795,27798,27807,27810],{},[36,27796,27797],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[36,27799,27800,27801,27804,27805],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27802,27803],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27806,26102],{},[36,27808,27809],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[36,27811,27812,27813,10854,27815],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27814,2729],{},[15,27816,27817],{},"\"1\"",[20,27819,27820],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[57,27822,27824],{"className":59,"code":27823,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27825,27826,27850,27854,27884],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27827,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27829,8926],{"class":72},[66,27831,77],{"class":76},[66,27833,10253],{"class":102},[66,27835,113],{"class":80},[66,27837,2729],{"class":84},[66,27839,113],{"class":80},[66,27841,1111],{"class":102},[66,27843,81],{"class":80},[66,27845,6339],{"class":84},[66,27847,113],{"class":80},[66,27849,9070],{"class":102},[66,27851,27852],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27853,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,27855,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27877,27879,27881],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27857,138],{"class":137},[66,27859,110],{"class":102},[66,27861,8965],{"class":106},[66,27863,103],{"class":102},[66,27865,26006],{"class":106},[66,27867,110],{"class":102},[66,27869,2729],{"class":478},[66,27871,121],{"class":102},[66,27873,81],{"class":80},[66,27875,27876],{"class":84},"not found",[66,27878,113],{"class":80},[66,27880,5117],{"class":102},[66,27882,27883],{"class":3413},"    # not found\n",[66,27885,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27887,138],{"class":137},[66,27889,110],{"class":102},[66,27891,8965],{"class":106},[66,27893,103],{"class":102},[66,27895,26006],{"class":106},[66,27897,110],{"class":102},[66,27899,113],{"class":80},[66,27901,2729],{"class":84},[66,27903,113],{"class":80},[66,27905,121],{"class":102},[66,27907,81],{"class":80},[66,27909,27876],{"class":84},[66,27911,113],{"class":80},[66,27913,5117],{"class":102},[66,27915,27916],{"class":3413},"  # one\n",[20,27918,27919,798,27921,27923],{},[15,27920,2729],{},[15,27922,27817],{}," are different keys.",[52,27925,8632],{"id":8631},[20,27927,8635,27928,27930],{},[15,27929,12525],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[57,27932,27934],{"className":59,"code":27933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27935,27936,27946,27960,27978,28008],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27937,27938,27940,27942,27944],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27939,138],{"class":137},[66,27941,110],{"class":102},[66,27943,11212],{"class":106},[66,27945,131],{"class":102},[66,27947,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,27949,138],{"class":137},[66,27951,110],{"class":102},[66,27953,11212],{"class":106},[66,27955,103],{"class":102},[66,27957,16686],{"class":106},[66,27959,6949],{"class":102},[66,27961,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,27963,138],{"class":137},[66,27965,110],{"class":102},[66,27967,3044],{"class":80},[66,27969,7423],{"class":84},[66,27971,3044],{"class":80},[66,27973,20937],{"class":3627},[66,27975,11528],{"class":106},[66,27977,131],{"class":102},[66,27979,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,27981,138],{"class":137},[66,27983,110],{"class":102},[66,27985,11212],{"class":106},[66,27987,103],{"class":102},[66,27989,26006],{"class":106},[66,27991,110],{"class":102},[66,27993,3044],{"class":80},[66,27995,7423],{"class":84},[66,27997,3044],{"class":80},[66,27999,121],{"class":102},[66,28001,3039],{"class":80},[66,28003,26538],{"class":84},[66,28005,3044],{"class":80},[66,28007,1330],{"class":102},[66,28009,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,28011,138],{"class":137},[66,28013,110],{"class":102},[66,28015,2964],{"class":2641},[66,28017,110],{"class":102},[66,28019,11212],{"class":106},[66,28021,1330],{"class":102},[20,28023,21100],{},[33,28025,28026,28031,28036,28041,28047],{},[36,28027,28028,28030],{},[15,28029,12442],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[36,28032,28033,28035],{},[15,28034,21112],{}," shows all available keys",[36,28037,28038,28040],{},[15,28039,21118],{}," checks whether a key exists",[36,28042,28043,28046],{},[15,28044,28045],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[36,28048,28049,28051],{},[15,28050,12448],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28053,28054,28055,103],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[200,28056,9153],{"href":9152},[52,28058,1518],{"id":1517},[258,28060,28062,28063,28065],{"id":28061},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28064,12525],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28067,28068],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[258,28070,28072],{"id":28071},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28074,28075,26303,28077,28079,28080,28082],{},[15,28076,26102],{},[15,28078,19450],{},". ",[15,28081,26106],{}," returns the default value instead.",[258,28084,1522,28086,14658],{"id":28085},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28087,12525],{},[20,28089,28090],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[258,28092,28094,28095,28097],{"id":28093},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28096,12525],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28099,28100,28101,28103,28104,103],{},"Not with ",[15,28102,12332],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[200,28105,28106],{"href":12343},[15,28107,12532],{},[258,28109,4934,28111,798,28113,2228],{"id":28110},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28112,10503],{},[15,28114,12525],{},[20,28116,28117,28119,28120,28122],{},[15,28118,10503],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28121,12525],{}," reads and removes it.",[52,28124,1620],{"id":1619},[33,28126,28127,28133,28140,28144,28148,28152],{},[36,28128,28129],{},[200,28130,28131],{"href":10499},[15,28132,19431],{},[36,28134,28135],{},[200,28136,28137],{"href":12343},[15,28138,28139],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[36,28141,28142],{},[200,28143,12549],{"href":12336},[36,28145,28146],{},[200,28147,21221],{"href":16359},[36,28149,28150],{},[200,28151,11025],{"href":10836},[36,28153,28154],{},[200,28155,28157],{"href":28156},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1651,28159,28160],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":28162},[28163,28164,28166,28167,28168,28170,28177,28184,28194,28195,28196,28207],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":26113,"depth":91,"text":28165},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":26598,"depth":91,"text":28169},"When to use pop()",{"id":26785,"depth":91,"text":28171,"children":28172},"pop() vs del",[28173,28175],{"id":26800,"depth":134,"text":28174},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26903,"depth":134,"text":28176},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27006,"depth":91,"text":28178,"children":28179},"How to avoid KeyError",[28180,28181,28182],{"id":27015,"depth":134,"text":27016},{"id":27111,"depth":134,"text":27112},{"id":27219,"depth":134,"text":28183},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":28185},[28186,28188,28190,28192],{"id":27329,"depth":134,"text":28187},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27462,"depth":134,"text":28189},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27567,"depth":134,"text":28191},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27684,"depth":134,"text":28193},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27785,"depth":91,"text":27786},{"id":8631,"depth":91,"text":8632},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":28197},[28198,28200,28201,28203,28205],{"id":28061,"depth":134,"text":28199},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28071,"depth":134,"text":28072},{"id":28085,"depth":134,"text":28202},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28093,"depth":134,"text":28204},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28110,"depth":134,"text":28206},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25934,"description":28208},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28215,"title":28139,"body":28216,"description":30156,"extension":1694,"meta":30157,"navigation":338,"path":30158,"seo":30159,"stem":30160,"__hash__":30161},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28217,"toc":30120},[28218,28223,28228,28231,28239,28249,28251,28340,28344,28393,28398,28403,28407,28423,28426,28428,28443,28445,28461,28468,28472,28478,28487,28489,28558,28562,28583,28586,28605,28608,28631,28633,28636,28751,28755,28814,28821,28825,28831,28956,28960,29010,29013,29017,29024,29026,29089,29093,29114,29117,29126,29141,29149,29156,29160,29172,29176,29187,29189,29335,29339,29398,29405,29410,29414,29420,29443,29448,29467,29471,29542,29549,29622,29631,29636,29641,29652,29655,29792,29797,29829,29834,29836,29840,29900,29903,29960,29963,30006,30008,30013,30019,30025,30028,30035,30043,30048,30051,30058,30066,30068,30117],[10,28219,11081,28221,18],{"id":28220},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28222,12532],{},[20,28224,1711,28225,28227],{},[15,28226,12532],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28229,28230],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[33,28232,28233,28236],{},[36,28234,28235],{},"remove an item",[36,28237,28238],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28240,28241,28242,28244,28245,28248],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28243,12532],{}," removes the ",[398,28246,28247],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[52,28250,55],{"id":54},[57,28252,28254],{"className":59,"code":28253,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28255,28256,28300,28316,28320,28330],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28257,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28259,8926],{"class":72},[66,28261,77],{"class":76},[66,28263,10253],{"class":102},[66,28265,113],{"class":80},[66,28267,200],{"class":84},[66,28269,113],{"class":80},[66,28271,1111],{"class":102},[66,28273,479],{"class":478},[66,28275,121],{"class":102},[66,28277,81],{"class":80},[66,28279,4514],{"class":84},[66,28281,113],{"class":80},[66,28283,1111],{"class":102},[66,28285,561],{"class":478},[66,28287,121],{"class":102},[66,28289,81],{"class":80},[66,28291,9501],{"class":84},[66,28293,113],{"class":80},[66,28295,1111],{"class":102},[66,28297,2186],{"class":478},[66,28299,9070],{"class":102},[66,28301,28302,28305,28307,28309,28311,28314],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,28303,28304],{"class":72},"item ",[66,28306,77],{"class":76},[66,28308,14328],{"class":72},[66,28310,103],{"class":102},[66,28312,28313],{"class":106},"popitem",[66,28315,8402],{"class":102},[66,28317,28318],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,28319,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,28321,28322,28324,28326,28328],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,28323,138],{"class":137},[66,28325,110],{"class":102},[66,28327,23075],{"class":106},[66,28329,131],{"class":102},[66,28331,28332,28334,28336,28338],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,28333,138],{"class":137},[66,28335,110],{"class":102},[66,28337,8965],{"class":106},[66,28339,131],{"class":102},[20,28341,28342],{},[398,28343,148],{},[57,28345,28347],{"className":59,"code":28346,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28348,28349,28365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28350,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28352,110],{"class":102},[66,28354,3044],{"class":80},[66,28356,9501],{"class":84},[66,28358,3044],{"class":80},[66,28360,121],{"class":102},[66,28362,2186],{"class":478},[66,28364,131],{"class":102},[66,28366,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,28368,9039],{"class":102},[66,28370,3044],{"class":80},[66,28372,200],{"class":84},[66,28374,3044],{"class":80},[66,28376,1111],{"class":102},[66,28378,479],{"class":478},[66,28380,121],{"class":102},[66,28382,3039],{"class":80},[66,28384,4514],{"class":84},[66,28386,3044],{"class":80},[66,28388,1111],{"class":102},[66,28390,561],{"class":478},[66,28392,9070],{"class":102},[20,28394,28395,28397],{},[15,28396,12532],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[52,28399,168,28401,41],{"id":28400},"what-popitem-does",[15,28402,12532],{},[20,28404,28405,1111],{},[15,28406,12532],{},[33,28408,28409,28412,28417,28420],{},[36,28410,28411],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[36,28413,28414,28415],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28416,21419],{},[36,28418,28419],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[36,28421,28422],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28424,28425],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[52,28427,1891],{"id":1890},[57,28429,28431],{"className":59,"code":28430,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28432,28433],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28434,28435,28437,28439,28441],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28436,15366],{"class":72},[66,28438,103],{"class":102},[66,28440,28313],{"class":106},[66,28442,8402],{"class":102},[20,28444,11221],{},[33,28446,28447,28455,28458],{},[36,28448,28449,28451,28452],{},[15,28450,12532],{}," takes ",[398,28453,28454],{},"no arguments",[36,28456,28457],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[36,28459,28460],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28462,28463,28464,6385],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[200,28465,28466],{"href":12329},[15,28467,12525],{},[52,28469,28471],{"id":28470},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28473,28474,28475,28477],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28476,12532],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28479,28480,28481,28484],"ol",{},[36,28482,28483],{},"the key",[36,28485,28486],{},"the value",[20,28488,923],{},[57,28490,28492],{"className":59,"code":28491,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28493,28494,28530,28544,28548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28495,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28497,12965],{"class":72},[66,28499,77],{"class":76},[66,28501,10253],{"class":102},[66,28503,113],{"class":80},[66,28505,7423],{"class":84},[66,28507,113],{"class":80},[66,28509,1111],{"class":102},[66,28511,81],{"class":80},[66,28513,4758],{"class":84},[66,28515,113],{"class":80},[66,28517,121],{"class":102},[66,28519,81],{"class":80},[66,28521,9060],{"class":84},[66,28523,113],{"class":80},[66,28525,1111],{"class":102},[66,28527,9067],{"class":478},[66,28529,9070],{"class":102},[66,28531,28532,28534,28536,28538,28540,28542],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,28533,447],{"class":72},[66,28535,77],{"class":76},[66,28537,13008],{"class":72},[66,28539,103],{"class":102},[66,28541,28313],{"class":106},[66,28543,8402],{"class":102},[66,28545,28546],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,28547,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,28549,28550,28552,28554,28556],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,28551,138],{"class":137},[66,28553,110],{"class":102},[66,28555,494],{"class":106},[66,28557,131],{"class":102},[20,28559,28560],{},[398,28561,148],{},[57,28563,28565],{"className":59,"code":28564,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28566,28567],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28568,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28570,110],{"class":102},[66,28572,3044],{"class":80},[66,28574,9060],{"class":84},[66,28576,3044],{"class":80},[66,28578,121],{"class":102},[66,28580,9067],{"class":478},[66,28582,131],{"class":102},[20,28584,28585],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[57,28587,28589],{"className":59,"code":28588,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28590,28591],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28592,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28594,447],{"class":72},[66,28596,77],{"class":76},[66,28598,13008],{"class":72},[66,28600,103],{"class":102},[66,28602,28313],{"class":106},[66,28604,8402],{"class":102},[20,28606,28607],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[57,28609,28611],{"className":59,"code":28610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28612,28613],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28614,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28616,14603],{"class":72},[66,28618,121],{"class":102},[66,28620,21348],{"class":72},[66,28622,77],{"class":76},[66,28624,13008],{"class":72},[66,28626,103],{"class":102},[66,28628,28313],{"class":106},[66,28630,8402],{"class":102},[52,28632,11238],{"id":11237},[20,28634,28635],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[57,28637,28639],{"className":59,"code":28638,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28640,28641,28689,28693,28708,28712,28732],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28642,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670,28673,28675,28677,28680,28682,28684,28687],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28644,4818],{"class":72},[66,28646,77],{"class":76},[66,28648,10253],{"class":102},[66,28650,113],{"class":80},[66,28652,28653],{"class":84},"Tom",[66,28655,113],{"class":80},[66,28657,1111],{"class":102},[66,28659,4830],{"class":478},[66,28661,121],{"class":102},[66,28663,81],{"class":80},[66,28665,12643],{"class":84},[66,28667,113],{"class":80},[66,28669,1111],{"class":102},[66,28671,28672],{"class":478}," 95",[66,28674,121],{"class":102},[66,28676,81],{"class":80},[66,28678,28679],{"class":84},"Leo",[66,28681,113],{"class":80},[66,28683,1111],{"class":102},[66,28685,28686],{"class":478}," 88",[66,28688,9070],{"class":102},[66,28690,28691],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,28692,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,28694,28695,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,28696,28697],{"class":72},"removed_pair ",[66,28699,77],{"class":76},[66,28701,4865],{"class":72},[66,28703,103],{"class":102},[66,28705,28313],{"class":106},[66,28707,8402],{"class":102},[66,28709,28710],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,28711,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,28713,28714,28716,28718,28720,28723,28725,28727,28730],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,28715,138],{"class":137},[66,28717,110],{"class":102},[66,28719,113],{"class":80},[66,28721,28722],{"class":84},"Removed:",[66,28724,113],{"class":80},[66,28726,121],{"class":102},[66,28728,28729],{"class":106}," removed_pair",[66,28731,131],{"class":102},[66,28733,28734,28736,28738,28740,28743,28745,28747,28749],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,28735,138],{"class":137},[66,28737,110],{"class":102},[66,28739,113],{"class":80},[66,28741,28742],{"class":84},"After removal:",[66,28744,113],{"class":80},[66,28746,121],{"class":102},[66,28748,4865],{"class":106},[66,28750,131],{"class":102},[20,28752,28753],{},[398,28754,148],{},[57,28756,28758],{"className":59,"code":28757,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28759,28760,28781],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28761,28762,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28763,28764],{"class":72},"Removed",[66,28766,1111],{"class":102},[66,28768,8997],{"class":102},[66,28770,3044],{"class":80},[66,28772,28679],{"class":84},[66,28774,3044],{"class":80},[66,28776,121],{"class":102},[66,28778,28686],{"class":478},[66,28780,131],{"class":102},[66,28782,28783,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,28784,28785],{"class":72},"After removal",[66,28787,1111],{"class":102},[66,28789,10253],{"class":102},[66,28791,3044],{"class":80},[66,28793,28653],{"class":84},[66,28795,3044],{"class":80},[66,28797,1111],{"class":102},[66,28799,4830],{"class":478},[66,28801,121],{"class":102},[66,28803,3039],{"class":80},[66,28805,12643],{"class":84},[66,28807,3044],{"class":80},[66,28809,1111],{"class":102},[66,28811,28672],{"class":478},[66,28813,9070],{"class":102},[20,28815,28816,28817,28820],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28818,28819],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[52,28822,28824],{"id":28823},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28826,28827,28828,28830],{},"Because ",[15,28829,12532],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[57,28832,28834],{"className":59,"code":28833,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28835,28836,28872,28876,28895,28899,28918,28937],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28837,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28839,15209],{"class":72},[66,28841,77],{"class":76},[66,28843,10253],{"class":102},[66,28845,113],{"class":80},[66,28847,15220],{"class":84},[66,28849,113],{"class":80},[66,28851,1111],{"class":102},[66,28853,81],{"class":80},[66,28855,15229],{"class":84},[66,28857,113],{"class":80},[66,28859,121],{"class":102},[66,28861,81],{"class":80},[66,28863,15240],{"class":84},[66,28865,113],{"class":80},[66,28867,1111],{"class":102},[66,28869,26672],{"class":478},[66,28871,9070],{"class":102},[66,28873,28874],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,28875,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,28877,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28889,28891,28893],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,28879,14603],{"class":72},[66,28881,121],{"class":102},[66,28883,21348],{"class":72},[66,28885,77],{"class":76},[66,28887,28888],{"class":72}," book",[66,28890,103],{"class":102},[66,28892,28313],{"class":106},[66,28894,8402],{"class":102},[66,28896,28897],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,28898,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,28900,28901,28903,28905,28907,28910,28912,28914,28916],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,28902,138],{"class":137},[66,28904,110],{"class":102},[66,28906,113],{"class":80},[66,28908,28909],{"class":84},"Key:",[66,28911,113],{"class":80},[66,28913,121],{"class":102},[66,28915,21343],{"class":106},[66,28917,131],{"class":102},[66,28919,28920,28922,28924,28926,28929,28931,28933,28935],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,28921,138],{"class":137},[66,28923,110],{"class":102},[66,28925,113],{"class":80},[66,28927,28928],{"class":84},"Value:",[66,28930,113],{"class":80},[66,28932,121],{"class":102},[66,28934,8192],{"class":106},[66,28936,131],{"class":102},[66,28938,28939,28941,28943,28945,28948,28950,28952,28954],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,28940,138],{"class":137},[66,28942,110],{"class":102},[66,28944,113],{"class":80},[66,28946,28947],{"class":84},"Dictionary:",[66,28949,113],{"class":80},[66,28951,121],{"class":102},[66,28953,28888],{"class":106},[66,28955,131],{"class":102},[20,28957,28958],{},[398,28959,148],{},[57,28961,28963],{"className":59,"code":28962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28964,28965,28975,28985],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28966,28967,28970,28972],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28968,28969],{"class":72},"Key",[66,28971,1111],{"class":102},[66,28973,28974],{"class":72}," pages\n",[66,28976,28977,28980,28982],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,28978,28979],{"class":72},"Value",[66,28981,1111],{"class":102},[66,28983,28984],{"class":478}," 200\n",[66,28986,28987,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006,29008],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,28988,28989],{"class":72},"Dictionary",[66,28991,1111],{"class":102},[66,28993,10253],{"class":102},[66,28995,3044],{"class":80},[66,28997,15220],{"class":84},[66,28999,3044],{"class":80},[66,29001,1111],{"class":102},[66,29003,3039],{"class":80},[66,29005,15229],{"class":84},[66,29007,3044],{"class":80},[66,29009,9070],{"class":102},[20,29011,29012],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[52,29014,29016],{"id":29015},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29018,29019,29020,28244,29022,103],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29021,12532],{},[398,29023,28247],{},[20,29025,923],{},[57,29027,29029],{"className":59,"code":29028,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29030,29031,29075],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29032,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29034,8926],{"class":72},[66,29036,77],{"class":76},[66,29038,10253],{"class":102},[66,29040,113],{"class":80},[66,29042,960],{"class":84},[66,29044,113],{"class":80},[66,29046,1111],{"class":102},[66,29048,479],{"class":478},[66,29050,121],{"class":102},[66,29052,81],{"class":80},[66,29054,969],{"class":84},[66,29056,113],{"class":80},[66,29058,1111],{"class":102},[66,29060,561],{"class":478},[66,29062,121],{"class":102},[66,29064,81],{"class":80},[66,29066,21841],{"class":84},[66,29068,113],{"class":80},[66,29070,1111],{"class":102},[66,29072,2186],{"class":478},[66,29074,9070],{"class":102},[66,29076,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29078,138],{"class":137},[66,29080,110],{"class":102},[66,29082,8965],{"class":106},[66,29084,103],{"class":102},[66,29086,28313],{"class":106},[66,29088,6949],{"class":102},[20,29090,29091],{},[398,29092,148],{},[57,29094,29096],{"className":59,"code":29095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29097,29098],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29099,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108,29110,29112],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29101,110],{"class":102},[66,29103,3044],{"class":80},[66,29105,21841],{"class":84},[66,29107,3044],{"class":80},[66,29109,121],{"class":102},[66,29111,2186],{"class":478},[66,29113,131],{"class":102},[20,29115,29116],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29118,29119,29120,29122,29123,29125],{},"As a beginner, do ",[398,29121,4383],{}," think of ",[15,29124,12532],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29127,29128,29129,1923,29133,16835,29137,103],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[200,29130,29131],{"href":16838},[15,29132,16841],{},[200,29134,29135],{"href":16825},[15,29136,16828],{},[200,29138,29139],{"href":16831},[15,29140,16834],{},[52,29142,29144,29145,798,29147],{"id":29143},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29146,12532],{},[15,29148,12525],{},[20,29150,29151,798,29153,29155],{},[15,29152,12532],{},[15,29154,12525],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[258,29157,29158],{"id":28313},[15,29159,12532],{},[33,29161,29162,29165,29168],{},[36,29163,29164],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[36,29166,29167],{},"does not need a key argument",[36,29169,3441,29170],{},[15,29171,21419],{},[258,29173,29174],{"id":26006},[15,29175,12525],{},[33,29177,29178,29181,29184],{},[36,29179,29180],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[36,29182,29183],{},"needs the key name",[36,29185,29186],{},"returns only the value",[20,29188,923],{},[57,29190,29192],{"className":59,"code":29191,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29193,29194,29238,29242,29256,29276,29280,29302,29321,29325],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29195,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29197,8926],{"class":72},[66,29199,77],{"class":76},[66,29201,10253],{"class":102},[66,29203,113],{"class":80},[66,29205,200],{"class":84},[66,29207,113],{"class":80},[66,29209,1111],{"class":102},[66,29211,479],{"class":478},[66,29213,121],{"class":102},[66,29215,81],{"class":80},[66,29217,4514],{"class":84},[66,29219,113],{"class":80},[66,29221,1111],{"class":102},[66,29223,561],{"class":478},[66,29225,121],{"class":102},[66,29227,81],{"class":80},[66,29229,9501],{"class":84},[66,29231,113],{"class":80},[66,29233,1111],{"class":102},[66,29235,2186],{"class":478},[66,29237,9070],{"class":102},[66,29239,29240],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29241,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,29243,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252,29254],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29245,28304],{"class":72},[66,29247,77],{"class":76},[66,29249,14328],{"class":72},[66,29251,103],{"class":102},[66,29253,28313],{"class":106},[66,29255,8402],{"class":102},[66,29257,29258,29260,29262,29264,29267,29269,29271,29274],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,29259,138],{"class":137},[66,29261,110],{"class":102},[66,29263,113],{"class":80},[66,29265,29266],{"class":84},"popitem():",[66,29268,113],{"class":80},[66,29270,121],{"class":102},[66,29272,29273],{"class":106}," item",[66,29275,131],{"class":102},[66,29277,29278],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,29279,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,29281,29282,29284,29286,29288,29290,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,29283,2181],{"class":72},[66,29285,77],{"class":76},[66,29287,14328],{"class":72},[66,29289,103],{"class":102},[66,29291,26006],{"class":106},[66,29293,110],{"class":102},[66,29295,113],{"class":80},[66,29297,200],{"class":84},[66,29299,113],{"class":80},[66,29301,131],{"class":102},[66,29303,29304,29306,29308,29310,29313,29315,29317,29319],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,29305,138],{"class":137},[66,29307,110],{"class":102},[66,29309,113],{"class":80},[66,29311,29312],{"class":84},"pop('a'):",[66,29314,113],{"class":80},[66,29316,121],{"class":102},[66,29318,8192],{"class":106},[66,29320,131],{"class":102},[66,29322,29323],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,29324,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,29326,29327,29329,29331,29333],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,29328,138],{"class":137},[66,29330,110],{"class":102},[66,29332,8965],{"class":106},[66,29334,131],{"class":102},[20,29336,29337],{},[398,29338,148],{},[57,29340,29342],{"className":59,"code":29341,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29343,29344,29365,29382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29345,29346,29348,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29347,28313],{"class":106},[66,29349,29350],{"class":102},"():",[66,29352,8997],{"class":102},[66,29354,3044],{"class":80},[66,29356,9501],{"class":84},[66,29358,3044],{"class":80},[66,29360,121],{"class":102},[66,29362,2186],{"class":478},[66,29364,131],{"class":102},[66,29366,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29368,26006],{"class":106},[66,29370,110],{"class":102},[66,29372,3044],{"class":80},[66,29374,200],{"class":84},[66,29376,3044],{"class":80},[66,29378,16214],{"class":102},[66,29380,29381],{"class":478}," 1\n",[66,29383,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29385,9039],{"class":102},[66,29387,3044],{"class":80},[66,29389,4514],{"class":84},[66,29391,3044],{"class":80},[66,29393,1111],{"class":102},[66,29395,561],{"class":478},[66,29397,9070],{"class":102},[20,29399,160,29400,29404],{},[200,29401,29402],{"href":12329},[15,29403,12525],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29406,160,29407,29409],{},[15,29408,12532],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[52,29411,29413],{"id":29412},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29415,29416,29417,29419],{},"Calling ",[15,29418,12532],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[57,29421,29423],{"className":59,"code":29422,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29424,29425,29433],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29426,29427,29429,29431],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29428,8926],{"class":72},[66,29430,77],{"class":76},[66,29432,9600],{"class":102},[66,29434,29435,29437,29439,29441],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29436,8965],{"class":72},[66,29438,103],{"class":102},[66,29440,28313],{"class":106},[66,29442,8402],{"class":102},[20,29444,29445],{},[398,29446,29447],{},"Error:",[57,29449,29451],{"className":59,"code":29450,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29452,29453],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29454,29455,29457,29459,29461,29464],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29456,19450],{"class":2641},[66,29458,1111],{"class":102},[66,29460,3039],{"class":80},[66,29462,29463],{"class":84},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[66,29465,29466],{"class":80},"'\n",[258,29468,29470],{"id":29469},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[57,29472,29474],{"className":59,"code":29473,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29475,29476,29484,29488,29496,29511,29521,29527],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29477,29478,29480,29482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29479,8926],{"class":72},[66,29481,77],{"class":76},[66,29483,9600],{"class":102},[66,29485,29486],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29487,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,29489,29490,29492,29494],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29491,6752],{"class":3627},[66,29493,14328],{"class":72},[66,29495,6146],{"class":102},[66,29497,29498,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,29499,29500],{"class":72},"    item ",[66,29502,77],{"class":76},[66,29504,14328],{"class":72},[66,29506,103],{"class":102},[66,29508,28313],{"class":106},[66,29510,8402],{"class":102},[66,29512,29513,29515,29517,29519],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,29514,7826],{"class":137},[66,29516,110],{"class":102},[66,29518,23075],{"class":106},[66,29520,131],{"class":102},[66,29522,29523,29525],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,29524,27199],{"class":3627},[66,29526,6146],{"class":102},[66,29528,29529,29531,29533,29535,29538,29540],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,29530,7826],{"class":137},[66,29532,110],{"class":102},[66,29534,113],{"class":80},[66,29536,29537],{"class":84},"Dictionary is empty",[66,29539,113],{"class":80},[66,29541,131],{"class":102},[258,29543,29545,29546],{"id":29544},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29547,29548],{},"try-except",[57,29550,29552],{"className":59,"code":29551,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29553,29554,29562,29566,29573,29587,29597,29607],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29555,29556,29558,29560],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29557,8926],{"class":72},[66,29559,77],{"class":76},[66,29561,9600],{"class":102},[66,29563,29564],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29565,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,29567,29568,29571],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29569,29570],{"class":3627},"try",[66,29572,6146],{"class":102},[66,29574,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,29576,29500],{"class":72},[66,29578,77],{"class":76},[66,29580,14328],{"class":72},[66,29582,103],{"class":102},[66,29584,28313],{"class":106},[66,29586,8402],{"class":102},[66,29588,29589,29591,29593,29595],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,29590,7826],{"class":137},[66,29592,110],{"class":102},[66,29594,23075],{"class":106},[66,29596,131],{"class":102},[66,29598,29599,29602,29605],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,29600,29601],{"class":3627},"except",[66,29603,29604],{"class":2641}," KeyError",[66,29606,6146],{"class":102},[66,29608,29609,29611,29613,29615,29618,29620],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,29610,7826],{"class":137},[66,29612,110],{"class":102},[66,29614,113],{"class":80},[66,29616,29617],{"class":84},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[66,29619,113],{"class":80},[66,29621,131],{"class":102},[20,29623,29624,29625,103],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[200,29626,25445,29628],{"href":29627},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29629,29630],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29632,4715,29634],{"id":29633},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29635,12532],{},[20,29637,29638,29640],{},[15,29639,12532],{}," is useful when:",[33,29642,29643,29646,29649],{},[36,29644,29645],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[36,29647,29648],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[36,29650,29651],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29653,29654],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[57,29656,29658],{"className":59,"code":29657,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29659,29660,29669,29689,29709,29727,29731,29735,29745,29764],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29661,29662,29665,29667],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29663,29664],{"class":72},"tasks ",[66,29666,77],{"class":76},[66,29668,11256],{"class":102},[66,29670,29671,29673,29676,29678,29680,29682,29685,29687],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29672,11261],{"class":80},[66,29674,29675],{"class":84},"first",[66,29677,113],{"class":80},[66,29679,1111],{"class":102},[66,29681,81],{"class":80},[66,29683,29684],{"class":84},"wash dishes",[66,29686,113],{"class":80},[66,29688,11277],{"class":102},[66,29690,29691,29693,29696,29698,29700,29702,29705,29707],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29692,11261],{"class":80},[66,29694,29695],{"class":84},"second",[66,29697,113],{"class":80},[66,29699,1111],{"class":102},[66,29701,81],{"class":80},[66,29703,29704],{"class":84},"do homework",[66,29706,113],{"class":80},[66,29708,11277],{"class":102},[66,29710,29711,29713,29716,29718,29720,29722,29725],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,29712,11261],{"class":80},[66,29714,29715],{"class":84},"third",[66,29717,113],{"class":80},[66,29719,1111],{"class":102},[66,29721,81],{"class":80},[66,29723,29724],{"class":84},"read book",[66,29726,88],{"class":80},[66,29728,29729],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,29730,9070],{"class":102},[66,29732,29733],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,29734,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,29736,29737,29740,29743],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,29738,29739],{"class":3627},"while",[66,29741,29742],{"class":72}," tasks",[66,29744,6146],{"class":102},[66,29746,29747,29750,29752,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,29748,29749],{"class":72},"    key",[66,29751,121],{"class":102},[66,29753,21348],{"class":72},[66,29755,77],{"class":76},[66,29757,29742],{"class":72},[66,29759,103],{"class":102},[66,29761,28313],{"class":106},[66,29763,8402],{"class":102},[66,29765,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788,29790],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,29767,7826],{"class":137},[66,29769,110],{"class":102},[66,29771,22058],{"class":1797},[66,29773,113],{"class":84},[66,29775,9039],{"class":478},[66,29777,14603],{"class":106},[66,29779,22067],{"class":478},[66,29781,22070],{"class":84},[66,29783,9039],{"class":478},[66,29785,2208],{"class":106},[66,29787,22067],{"class":478},[66,29789,113],{"class":84},[66,29791,131],{"class":102},[20,29793,29794],{},[398,29795,29796],{},"Possible output:",[57,29798,29800],{"className":59,"code":29799,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29801,29802,29811,29820],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29803,29804,29806,29808],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29805,29715],{"class":72},[66,29807,1111],{"class":102},[66,29809,29810],{"class":72}," read book\n",[66,29812,29813,29815,29817],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29814,29695],{"class":72},[66,29816,1111],{"class":102},[66,29818,29819],{"class":72}," do homework\n",[66,29821,29822,29824,29826],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29823,29675],{"class":72},[66,29825,1111],{"class":102},[66,29827,29828],{"class":72}," wash dishes\n",[20,29830,28827,29831,29833],{},[15,29832,12532],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[52,29835,2568],{"id":2567},[20,29837,14495,29838,1111],{},[15,29839,12532],{},[33,29841,29842,29856,29875,29886],{},[36,29843,29844,29849],{},[398,29845,29416,29846,29848],{},[15,29847,12532],{}," on an empty dictionary",[33,29850,29851],{},[36,29852,29853,29854,103],{},"This raises ",[15,29855,19450],{},[36,29857,29858,29863],{},[398,29859,1119,29860,29862],{},[15,29861,12532],{}," to remove a specific key",[33,29864,29865,29868],{},[36,29866,29867],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[36,29869,160,29870,29874],{},[200,29871,29872],{"href":12329},[15,29873,12525],{}," if you need that.",[36,29876,29877,29881],{},[398,29878,4457,29879,27465],{},[15,29880,12532],{},[33,29882,29883],{},[36,29884,29885],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[36,29887,29888,29891],{},[398,29889,29890],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[33,29892,29893],{},[36,29894,29895,21739,29897,29899],{},[15,29896,12532],{},[15,29898,21419],{}," tuple.",[20,29901,29902],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[57,29904,29906],{"className":59,"code":29905,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29907,29908,29918,29932,29936,29950],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29909,29910,29912,29914,29916],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29911,138],{"class":137},[66,29913,110],{"class":102},[66,29915,11212],{"class":106},[66,29917,131],{"class":102},[66,29919,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29921,138],{"class":137},[66,29923,110],{"class":102},[66,29925,10924],{"class":137},[66,29927,110],{"class":102},[66,29929,11212],{"class":106},[66,29931,1330],{"class":102},[66,29933,29934],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29935,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,29937,29938,29940,29942,29944,29946,29948],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,29939,28304],{"class":72},[66,29941,77],{"class":76},[66,29943,11528],{"class":72},[66,29945,103],{"class":102},[66,29947,28313],{"class":106},[66,29949,8402],{"class":102},[66,29951,29952,29954,29956,29958],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,29953,138],{"class":137},[66,29955,110],{"class":102},[66,29957,23075],{"class":106},[66,29959,131],{"class":102},[20,29961,29962],{},"Or with unpacking:",[57,29964,29966],{"className":59,"code":29965,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29967,29968,29986,29996],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29969,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29971,14603],{"class":72},[66,29973,121],{"class":102},[66,29975,21348],{"class":72},[66,29977,77],{"class":76},[66,29979,11528],{"class":72},[66,29981,103],{"class":102},[66,29983,28313],{"class":106},[66,29985,8402],{"class":102},[66,29987,29988,29990,29992,29994],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,29989,138],{"class":137},[66,29991,110],{"class":102},[66,29993,14603],{"class":106},[66,29995,131],{"class":102},[66,29997,29998,30000,30002,30004],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,29999,138],{"class":137},[66,30001,110],{"class":102},[66,30003,2208],{"class":106},[66,30005,131],{"class":102},[52,30007,1518],{"id":1517},[258,30009,4897,30011,4900],{"id":30010},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30012,12532],{},[20,30014,30015,30016,103],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30017,30018],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[258,30020,1522,30022,30024],{"id":30021},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30023,12532],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30026,30027],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[258,30029,30031,30032,30034],{"id":30030},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30033,12532],{}," removes?",[20,30036,30037,30038,30042],{},"No. Use ",[200,30039,30040],{"href":12329},[15,30041,12525],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[258,30044,1522,30046,14658],{"id":30045},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30047,12532],{},[20,30049,30050],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[258,30052,30054,30055,30057],{"id":30053},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30056,12532],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30059,30060,30061,30063,30064,103],{},"It raises ",[15,30062,19450],{}," with the message ",[15,30065,29463],{},[52,30067,1620],{"id":1619},[33,30069,30070,30077,30083,30089,30095,30102,30106,30110],{},[36,30071,30072],{},[200,30073,30074,30076],{"href":12329},[15,30075,12525],{}," method for dictionaries",[36,30078,30079],{},[200,30080,30081,30076],{"href":16838},[15,30082,16841],{},[36,30084,30085],{},[200,30086,30087,30076],{"href":16825},[15,30088,16828],{},[36,30090,30091],{},[200,30092,30093,30076],{"href":16831},[15,30094,16834],{},[36,30096,30097],{},[200,30098,30100,30076],{"href":30099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30101,11084],{},[36,30103,30104],{},[200,30105,12549],{"href":12336},[36,30107,30108],{},[200,30109,21221],{"href":16359},[36,30111,30112],{},[200,30113,30114,30115],{"href":29627},"Fix ",[15,30116,29630],{},[1651,30118,30119],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":30121},[30122,30123,30125,30126,30127,30128,30129,30130,30135,30140,30142,30143,30155],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":28400,"depth":91,"text":30124},"What popitem() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":28470,"depth":91,"text":28471},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":28823,"depth":91,"text":28824},{"id":29015,"depth":91,"text":29016},{"id":29143,"depth":91,"text":30131,"children":30132},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30133,30134],{"id":28313,"depth":134,"text":12532},{"id":26006,"depth":134,"text":12525},{"id":29412,"depth":91,"text":29413,"children":30136},[30137,30138],{"id":29469,"depth":134,"text":29470},{"id":29544,"depth":134,"text":30139},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29633,"depth":91,"text":30141},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":30144},[30145,30147,30149,30151,30153],{"id":30010,"depth":134,"text":30146},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30021,"depth":134,"text":30148},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30030,"depth":134,"text":30150},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30045,"depth":134,"text":30152},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30053,"depth":134,"text":30154},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28139,"description":30156},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30163,"title":30164,"body":30165,"description":32068,"extension":1694,"meta":32069,"navigation":338,"path":13794,"seo":32070,"stem":32071,"__hash__":32072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30166,"toc":32040},[30167,30172,30177,30180,30182,30279,30284,30289,30294,30297,30305,30308,30323,30325,30425,30427,30484,30488,30490,30493,30513,30518,30529,30532,30559,30562,30564,30621,30623,30644,30650,30655,30658,30669,30671,30779,30781,30834,30836,30848,30855,30861,30866,30869,30957,30959,31004,31007,31015,31018,31021,31090,31093,31096,31100,31103,31174,31176,31229,31232,31235,31238,31253,31256,31268,31271,31334,31336,31342,31344,31346,31425,31427,31468,31470,31535,31537,31574,31579,31584,31588,31602,31605,31728,31730,31815,31820,31822,31826,31848,31851,31931,31934,31953,31958,31960,31966,31971,31977,31980,31986,31989,31995,32000,32006,32012,32014,32037],[10,30168,11081,30170,18],{"id":30169},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30171,14715],{},[20,30173,1711,30174,30176],{},[15,30175,14715],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30178,30179],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[52,30181,55],{"id":54},[57,30183,30185],{"className":59,"code":30184,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30186,30187,30223,30264,30274],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30188,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30190,12965],{"class":72},[66,30192,77],{"class":76},[66,30194,10253],{"class":102},[66,30196,113],{"class":80},[66,30198,7423],{"class":84},[66,30200,113],{"class":80},[66,30202,1111],{"class":102},[66,30204,81],{"class":80},[66,30206,12643],{"class":84},[66,30208,113],{"class":80},[66,30210,121],{"class":102},[66,30212,81],{"class":80},[66,30214,9060],{"class":84},[66,30216,113],{"class":80},[66,30218,1111],{"class":102},[66,30220,7546],{"class":478},[66,30222,9070],{"class":102},[66,30224,30225,30227,30229,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30245,30247,30249,30251,30253,30255,30257,30259,30261],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,30226,17070],{"class":72},[66,30228,103],{"class":102},[66,30230,30231],{"class":106},"update",[66,30233,5283],{"class":102},[66,30235,113],{"class":80},[66,30237,9060],{"class":84},[66,30239,113],{"class":80},[66,30241,1111],{"class":102},[66,30243,30244],{"class":478}," 21",[66,30246,121],{"class":102},[66,30248,81],{"class":80},[66,30250,10171],{"class":84},[66,30252,113],{"class":80},[66,30254,1111],{"class":102},[66,30256,81],{"class":80},[66,30258,15793],{"class":84},[66,30260,113],{"class":80},[66,30262,30263],{"class":102},"})\n",[66,30265,30266,30268,30270,30272],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,30267,138],{"class":137},[66,30269,110],{"class":102},[66,30271,17070],{"class":106},[66,30273,131],{"class":102},[66,30275,30276],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,30277,30278],{"class":3413},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30280,160,30281,30283],{},[15,30282,14715],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[52,30285,168,30287,41],{"id":30286},"what-update-does",[15,30288,14715],{},[20,30290,30291,30293],{},[15,30292,14715],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30295,30296],{},"It can do two main things:",[33,30298,30299,30302],{},[36,30300,30301],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[36,30303,30304],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30306,30307],{},"Important things to know:",[33,30309,30310,30313,30316,30320],{},[36,30311,30312],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[36,30314,30315],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[36,30317,4903,30318],{},[15,30319,3528],{},[36,30321,30322],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30324,923],{},[57,30326,30328],{"className":59,"code":30327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30329,30330,30372,30415],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30331,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30368,30370],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30333,12626],{"class":72},[66,30335,77],{"class":76},[66,30337,10253],{"class":102},[66,30339,113],{"class":80},[66,30341,7423],{"class":84},[66,30343,113],{"class":80},[66,30345,1111],{"class":102},[66,30347,81],{"class":80},[66,30349,30350],{"class":84},"Mira",[66,30352,113],{"class":80},[66,30354,121],{"class":102},[66,30356,81],{"class":80},[66,30358,19654],{"class":84},[66,30360,113],{"class":80},[66,30362,1111],{"class":102},[66,30364,81],{"class":80},[66,30366,30367],{"class":84},"B",[66,30369,113],{"class":80},[66,30371,9070],{"class":102},[66,30373,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408,30411,30413],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,30375,13387],{"class":72},[66,30377,103],{"class":102},[66,30379,30231],{"class":106},[66,30381,5283],{"class":102},[66,30383,113],{"class":80},[66,30385,19654],{"class":84},[66,30387,113],{"class":80},[66,30389,1111],{"class":102},[66,30391,81],{"class":80},[66,30393,22009],{"class":84},[66,30395,113],{"class":80},[66,30397,121],{"class":102},[66,30399,81],{"class":80},[66,30401,10171],{"class":84},[66,30403,113],{"class":80},[66,30405,1111],{"class":102},[66,30407,81],{"class":80},[66,30409,30410],{"class":84},"Quito",[66,30412,113],{"class":80},[66,30414,30263],{"class":102},[66,30416,30417,30419,30421,30423],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,30418,138],{"class":137},[66,30420,110],{"class":102},[66,30422,13387],{"class":106},[66,30424,131],{"class":102},[20,30426,148],{},[57,30428,30430],{"className":59,"code":30429,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30431,30432],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30433,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30435,9039],{"class":102},[66,30437,3044],{"class":80},[66,30439,7423],{"class":84},[66,30441,3044],{"class":80},[66,30443,1111],{"class":102},[66,30445,3039],{"class":80},[66,30447,30350],{"class":84},[66,30449,3044],{"class":80},[66,30451,121],{"class":102},[66,30453,3039],{"class":80},[66,30455,19654],{"class":84},[66,30457,3044],{"class":80},[66,30459,1111],{"class":102},[66,30461,3039],{"class":80},[66,30463,22009],{"class":84},[66,30465,3044],{"class":80},[66,30467,121],{"class":102},[66,30469,3039],{"class":80},[66,30471,10171],{"class":84},[66,30473,3044],{"class":80},[66,30475,1111],{"class":102},[66,30477,3039],{"class":80},[66,30479,30410],{"class":84},[66,30481,3044],{"class":80},[66,30483,9070],{"class":102},[20,30485,8912,30486,103],{},[200,30487,24393],{"href":9152},[52,30489,1891],{"id":1890},[20,30491,30492],{},"The basic form is:",[57,30494,30496],{"className":59,"code":30495,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30497,30498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30499,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30511],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30501,15366],{"class":72},[66,30503,103],{"class":102},[66,30505,30231],{"class":106},[66,30507,110],{"class":102},[66,30509,30510],{"class":106},"other",[66,30512,131],{"class":102},[20,30514,30515,30517],{},[15,30516,30510],{}," can be:",[33,30519,30520,30523,30526],{},[36,30521,30522],{},"Another dictionary",[36,30524,30525],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[36,30527,30528],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30530,30531],{},"You can also use:",[57,30533,30535],{"className":59,"code":30534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30536,30537],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30538,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30540,15366],{"class":72},[66,30542,103],{"class":102},[66,30544,30231],{"class":106},[66,30546,110],{"class":102},[66,30548,7423],{"class":8936},[66,30550,77],{"class":76},[66,30552,113],{"class":80},[66,30554,7432],{"class":84},[66,30556,113],{"class":80},[66,30558,131],{"class":102},[20,30560,30561],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30563,923],{},[57,30565,30567],{"className":59,"code":30566,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30568,30569,30589,30611],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30570,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30572,8926],{"class":72},[66,30574,77],{"class":76},[66,30576,10253],{"class":102},[66,30578,113],{"class":80},[66,30580,200],{"class":84},[66,30582,113],{"class":80},[66,30584,1111],{"class":102},[66,30586,479],{"class":478},[66,30588,9070],{"class":102},[66,30590,30591,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,30592,8965],{"class":72},[66,30594,103],{"class":102},[66,30596,30231],{"class":106},[66,30598,5283],{"class":102},[66,30600,113],{"class":80},[66,30602,200],{"class":84},[66,30604,113],{"class":80},[66,30606,1111],{"class":102},[66,30608,5757],{"class":478},[66,30610,30263],{"class":102},[66,30612,30613,30615,30617,30619],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,30614,138],{"class":137},[66,30616,110],{"class":102},[66,30618,8965],{"class":106},[66,30620,131],{"class":102},[20,30622,148],{},[57,30624,30626],{"className":59,"code":30625,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30627,30628],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30629,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30631,9039],{"class":102},[66,30633,3044],{"class":80},[66,30635,200],{"class":84},[66,30637,3044],{"class":80},[66,30639,1111],{"class":102},[66,30641,5757],{"class":478},[66,30643,9070],{"class":102},[52,30645,8176,30647,30649],{"id":30646},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30648,14715],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30651,30652,30653,103],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30654,14715],{},[20,30656,30657],{},"It is useful when:",[33,30659,30660,30663,30666],{},[36,30661,30662],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[36,30664,30665],{},"Adding extra settings",[36,30667,30668],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30670,923],{},[57,30672,30674],{"className":59,"code":30673,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30675,30676,30713,30750,30754,30769],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30677,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30679,13587],{"class":72},[66,30681,77],{"class":76},[66,30683,10253],{"class":102},[66,30685,113],{"class":80},[66,30687,12257],{"class":84},[66,30689,113],{"class":80},[66,30691,1111],{"class":102},[66,30693,81],{"class":80},[66,30695,20691],{"class":84},[66,30697,113],{"class":80},[66,30699,121],{"class":102},[66,30701,81],{"class":80},[66,30703,13612],{"class":84},[66,30705,113],{"class":80},[66,30707,1111],{"class":102},[66,30709,30710],{"class":478}," 12",[66,30712,9070],{"class":102},[66,30714,30715,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,30716,30717],{"class":72},"new_settings ",[66,30719,77],{"class":76},[66,30721,10253],{"class":102},[66,30723,113],{"class":80},[66,30725,13612],{"class":84},[66,30727,113],{"class":80},[66,30729,1111],{"class":102},[66,30731,13619],{"class":478},[66,30733,121],{"class":102},[66,30735,81],{"class":80},[66,30737,19886],{"class":84},[66,30739,113],{"class":80},[66,30741,1111],{"class":102},[66,30743,81],{"class":80},[66,30745,19920],{"class":84},[66,30747,113],{"class":80},[66,30749,9070],{"class":102},[66,30751,30752],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,30753,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,30755,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30767],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,30757,13646],{"class":72},[66,30759,103],{"class":102},[66,30761,30231],{"class":106},[66,30763,110],{"class":102},[66,30765,30766],{"class":106},"new_settings",[66,30768,131],{"class":102},[66,30770,30771,30773,30775,30777],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,30772,138],{"class":137},[66,30774,110],{"class":102},[66,30776,13646],{"class":106},[66,30778,131],{"class":102},[20,30780,148],{},[57,30782,30784],{"className":59,"code":30783,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30785,30786],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30787,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30789,9039],{"class":102},[66,30791,3044],{"class":80},[66,30793,12257],{"class":84},[66,30795,3044],{"class":80},[66,30797,1111],{"class":102},[66,30799,3039],{"class":80},[66,30801,20691],{"class":84},[66,30803,3044],{"class":80},[66,30805,121],{"class":102},[66,30807,3039],{"class":80},[66,30809,13612],{"class":84},[66,30811,3044],{"class":80},[66,30813,1111],{"class":102},[66,30815,13619],{"class":478},[66,30817,121],{"class":102},[66,30819,3039],{"class":80},[66,30821,19886],{"class":84},[66,30823,3044],{"class":80},[66,30825,1111],{"class":102},[66,30827,3039],{"class":80},[66,30829,19920],{"class":84},[66,30831,3044],{"class":80},[66,30833,9070],{"class":102},[20,30835,13170],{},[33,30837,30838,30843],{},[36,30839,30840,30842],{},[15,30841,13612],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[36,30844,30845,30847],{},[15,30846,19886],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30849,30850,30851,103],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[200,30852,30854],{"href":30853},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[52,30856,8176,30858,30860],{"id":30857},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30859,14715],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30862,30863,30865],{},[15,30864,14715],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30867,30868],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[57,30870,30872],{"className":59,"code":30871,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30873,30874,30894,30929,30933,30947],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30875,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30877,4818],{"class":72},[66,30879,77],{"class":76},[66,30881,10253],{"class":102},[66,30883,113],{"class":80},[66,30885,18179],{"class":84},[66,30887,113],{"class":80},[66,30889,1111],{"class":102},[66,30891,19661],{"class":478},[66,30893,9070],{"class":102},[66,30895,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30921,30923,30925,30927],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,30897,8976],{"class":72},[66,30899,77],{"class":76},[66,30901,8981],{"class":102},[66,30903,113],{"class":80},[66,30905,18188],{"class":84},[66,30907,113],{"class":80},[66,30909,121],{"class":102},[66,30911,13268],{"class":478},[66,30913,8994],{"class":102},[66,30915,8997],{"class":102},[66,30917,113],{"class":80},[66,30919,30920],{"class":84},"english",[66,30922,113],{"class":80},[66,30924,121],{"class":102},[66,30926,28686],{"class":478},[66,30928,9010],{"class":102},[66,30930,30931],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,30932,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,30934,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,30936,16151],{"class":72},[66,30938,103],{"class":102},[66,30940,30231],{"class":106},[66,30942,110],{"class":102},[66,30944,9023],{"class":106},[66,30946,131],{"class":102},[66,30948,30949,30951,30953,30955],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,30950,138],{"class":137},[66,30952,110],{"class":102},[66,30954,16151],{"class":106},[66,30956,131],{"class":102},[20,30958,148],{},[57,30960,30962],{"className":59,"code":30961,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30963,30964],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30965,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30967,9039],{"class":102},[66,30969,3044],{"class":80},[66,30971,18179],{"class":84},[66,30973,3044],{"class":80},[66,30975,1111],{"class":102},[66,30977,19661],{"class":478},[66,30979,121],{"class":102},[66,30981,3039],{"class":80},[66,30983,18188],{"class":84},[66,30985,3044],{"class":80},[66,30987,1111],{"class":102},[66,30989,13268],{"class":478},[66,30991,121],{"class":102},[66,30993,3039],{"class":80},[66,30995,30920],{"class":84},[66,30997,3044],{"class":80},[66,30999,1111],{"class":102},[66,31001,28686],{"class":478},[66,31003,9070],{"class":102},[20,31005,31006],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[33,31008,31009,31012],{},[36,31010,31011],{},"The key",[36,31013,31014],{},"The value",[20,31016,31017],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31019,31020],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[57,31022,31024],{"className":59,"code":31023,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31025,31026,31046,31071,31075],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31027,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31029,8926],{"class":72},[66,31031,77],{"class":76},[66,31033,10253],{"class":102},[66,31035,113],{"class":80},[66,31037,200],{"class":84},[66,31039,113],{"class":80},[66,31041,1111],{"class":102},[66,31043,479],{"class":478},[66,31045,9070],{"class":102},[66,31047,31048,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31049,31050],{"class":72},"bad_pairs ",[66,31052,77],{"class":76},[66,31054,8981],{"class":102},[66,31056,113],{"class":80},[66,31058,4514],{"class":84},[66,31060,113],{"class":80},[66,31062,121],{"class":102},[66,31064,561],{"class":478},[66,31066,121],{"class":102},[66,31068,2186],{"class":478},[66,31070,9010],{"class":102},[66,31072,31073],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,31074,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,31076,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31088],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,31078,8965],{"class":72},[66,31080,103],{"class":102},[66,31082,30231],{"class":106},[66,31084,110],{"class":102},[66,31086,31087],{"class":106},"bad_pairs",[66,31089,131],{"class":102},[20,31091,31092],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31094,31095],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[52,31097,31099],{"id":31098},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31101,31102],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[57,31104,31106],{"className":59,"code":31105,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31107,31108,31132,31164],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31109,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31111,11251],{"class":72},[66,31113,77],{"class":76},[66,31115,10253],{"class":102},[66,31117,113],{"class":80},[66,31119,7423],{"class":84},[66,31121,113],{"class":80},[66,31123,1111],{"class":102},[66,31125,81],{"class":80},[66,31127,28679],{"class":84},[66,31129,113],{"class":80},[66,31131,9070],{"class":102},[66,31133,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31153,31155,31157,31160,31162],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31135,11345],{"class":72},[66,31137,103],{"class":102},[66,31139,30231],{"class":106},[66,31141,110],{"class":102},[66,31143,9060],{"class":8936},[66,31145,77],{"class":76},[66,31147,8954],{"class":478},[66,31149,121],{"class":102},[66,31151,31152],{"class":8936}," city",[66,31154,77],{"class":76},[66,31156,113],{"class":80},[66,31158,31159],{"class":84},"Madrid",[66,31161,113],{"class":80},[66,31163,131],{"class":102},[66,31165,31166,31168,31170,31172],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,31167,138],{"class":137},[66,31169,110],{"class":102},[66,31171,11345],{"class":106},[66,31173,131],{"class":102},[20,31175,148],{},[57,31177,31179],{"className":59,"code":31178,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31180,31181],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31182,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31184,9039],{"class":102},[66,31186,3044],{"class":80},[66,31188,7423],{"class":84},[66,31190,3044],{"class":80},[66,31192,1111],{"class":102},[66,31194,3039],{"class":80},[66,31196,28679],{"class":84},[66,31198,3044],{"class":80},[66,31200,121],{"class":102},[66,31202,3039],{"class":80},[66,31204,9060],{"class":84},[66,31206,3044],{"class":80},[66,31208,1111],{"class":102},[66,31210,9067],{"class":478},[66,31212,121],{"class":102},[66,31214,3039],{"class":80},[66,31216,10171],{"class":84},[66,31218,3044],{"class":80},[66,31220,1111],{"class":102},[66,31222,3039],{"class":80},[66,31224,31159],{"class":84},[66,31226,3044],{"class":80},[66,31228,9070],{"class":102},[20,31230,31231],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31233,31234],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31236,31237],{},"These work:",[33,31239,31240,31244,31248],{},[36,31241,31242],{},[15,31243,9060],{},[36,31245,31246],{},[15,31247,10171],{},[36,31249,31250],{},[15,31251,31252],{},"first_name",[20,31254,31255],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[33,31257,31258,31263],{},[36,31259,31260],{},[15,31261,31262],{},"\"first name\"",[36,31264,31265],{},[15,31266,31267],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31269,31270],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[57,31272,31274],{"className":59,"code":31273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31275,31276,31284,31324],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31277,31278,31280,31282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31279,11251],{"class":72},[66,31281,77],{"class":76},[66,31283,9600],{"class":102},[66,31285,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31315,31317,31319,31322],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31287,11345],{"class":72},[66,31289,103],{"class":102},[66,31291,30231],{"class":106},[66,31293,5283],{"class":102},[66,31295,113],{"class":80},[66,31297,10275],{"class":84},[66,31299,113],{"class":80},[66,31301,1111],{"class":102},[66,31303,81],{"class":80},[66,31305,28679],{"class":84},[66,31307,113],{"class":80},[66,31309,121],{"class":102},[66,31311,81],{"class":80},[66,31313,31314],{"class":84},"user-id",[66,31316,113],{"class":80},[66,31318,1111],{"class":102},[66,31320,31321],{"class":478}," 1001",[66,31323,30263],{"class":102},[66,31325,31326,31328,31330,31332],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,31327,138],{"class":137},[66,31329,110],{"class":102},[66,31331,11345],{"class":106},[66,31333,131],{"class":102},[52,31335,17180],{"id":17179},[20,31337,31338,2131,31340,103],{},[15,31339,14715],{},[15,31341,3528],{},[20,31343,13810],{},[20,31345,24473],{},[57,31347,31349],{"className":59,"code":31348,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31350,31351,31375,31401,31405,31415],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31352,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31354,12965],{"class":72},[66,31356,77],{"class":76},[66,31358,10253],{"class":102},[66,31360,113],{"class":80},[66,31362,7423],{"class":84},[66,31364,113],{"class":80},[66,31366,1111],{"class":102},[66,31368,81],{"class":80},[66,31370,12643],{"class":84},[66,31372,113],{"class":80},[66,31374,9070],{"class":102},[66,31376,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31378,447],{"class":72},[66,31380,77],{"class":76},[66,31382,13008],{"class":72},[66,31384,103],{"class":102},[66,31386,30231],{"class":106},[66,31388,5283],{"class":102},[66,31390,113],{"class":80},[66,31392,9060],{"class":84},[66,31394,113],{"class":80},[66,31396,1111],{"class":102},[66,31398,7546],{"class":478},[66,31400,30263],{"class":102},[66,31402,31403],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,31404,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,31406,31407,31409,31411,31413],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,31408,138],{"class":137},[66,31410,110],{"class":102},[66,31412,494],{"class":106},[66,31414,131],{"class":102},[66,31416,31417,31419,31421,31423],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,31418,138],{"class":137},[66,31420,110],{"class":102},[66,31422,17070],{"class":106},[66,31424,131],{"class":102},[20,31426,148],{},[57,31428,31430],{"className":59,"code":31429,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31431,31432,31436],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31433,31434],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31435,11570],{"class":3602},[66,31437,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31439,9039],{"class":102},[66,31441,3044],{"class":80},[66,31443,7423],{"class":84},[66,31445,3044],{"class":80},[66,31447,1111],{"class":102},[66,31449,3039],{"class":80},[66,31451,12643],{"class":84},[66,31453,3044],{"class":80},[66,31455,121],{"class":102},[66,31457,3039],{"class":80},[66,31459,9060],{"class":84},[66,31461,3044],{"class":80},[66,31463,1111],{"class":102},[66,31465,7546],{"class":478},[66,31467,9070],{"class":102},[20,31469,16418],{},[57,31471,31473],{"className":59,"code":31472,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31474,31475,31499,31521,31525],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31476,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31478,12965],{"class":72},[66,31480,77],{"class":76},[66,31482,10253],{"class":102},[66,31484,113],{"class":80},[66,31486,7423],{"class":84},[66,31488,113],{"class":80},[66,31490,1111],{"class":102},[66,31492,81],{"class":80},[66,31494,12643],{"class":84},[66,31496,113],{"class":80},[66,31498,9070],{"class":102},[66,31500,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31502,17070],{"class":72},[66,31504,103],{"class":102},[66,31506,30231],{"class":106},[66,31508,5283],{"class":102},[66,31510,113],{"class":80},[66,31512,9060],{"class":84},[66,31514,113],{"class":80},[66,31516,1111],{"class":102},[66,31518,7546],{"class":478},[66,31520,30263],{"class":102},[66,31522,31523],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,31524,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,31526,31527,31529,31531,31533],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,31528,138],{"class":137},[66,31530,110],{"class":102},[66,31532,17070],{"class":106},[66,31534,131],{"class":102},[20,31536,148],{},[57,31538,31540],{"className":59,"code":31539,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31541,31542],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31543,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31545,9039],{"class":102},[66,31547,3044],{"class":80},[66,31549,7423],{"class":84},[66,31551,3044],{"class":80},[66,31553,1111],{"class":102},[66,31555,3039],{"class":80},[66,31557,12643],{"class":84},[66,31559,3044],{"class":80},[66,31561,121],{"class":102},[66,31563,3039],{"class":80},[66,31565,9060],{"class":84},[66,31567,3044],{"class":80},[66,31569,1111],{"class":102},[66,31571,7546],{"class":478},[66,31573,9070],{"class":102},[20,31575,31576,31577,103],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[200,31578,17666],{"href":10494},[52,31580,4715,31582],{"id":31581},"when-to-use-update",[15,31583,14715],{},[20,31585,160,31586,10364],{},[15,31587,14715],{},[33,31589,31590,31593,31596,31599],{},[36,31591,31592],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[36,31594,31595],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[36,31597,31598],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[36,31600,31601],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31603,31604],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[57,31606,31608],{"className":59,"code":31607,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31609,31610,31646,31661,31665,31704,31708,31718],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31611,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31613,11848],{"class":72},[66,31615,77],{"class":76},[66,31617,10253],{"class":102},[66,31619,113],{"class":80},[66,31621,7423],{"class":84},[66,31623,113],{"class":80},[66,31625,1111],{"class":102},[66,31627,81],{"class":80},[66,31629,12643],{"class":84},[66,31631,113],{"class":80},[66,31633,121],{"class":102},[66,31635,81],{"class":80},[66,31637,9060],{"class":84},[66,31639,113],{"class":80},[66,31641,1111],{"class":102},[66,31643,7546],{"class":478},[66,31645,9070],{"class":102},[66,31647,31648,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31649,31650],{"class":72},"updated ",[66,31652,77],{"class":76},[66,31654,11923],{"class":72},[66,31656,103],{"class":102},[66,31658,12674],{"class":106},[66,31660,8402],{"class":102},[66,31662,31663],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,31664,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,31666,31667,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,31668,31669],{"class":72},"updated",[66,31671,103],{"class":102},[66,31673,30231],{"class":106},[66,31675,5283],{"class":102},[66,31677,113],{"class":80},[66,31679,9060],{"class":84},[66,31681,113],{"class":80},[66,31683,1111],{"class":102},[66,31685,30244],{"class":478},[66,31687,121],{"class":102},[66,31689,81],{"class":80},[66,31691,10171],{"class":84},[66,31693,113],{"class":80},[66,31695,1111],{"class":102},[66,31697,81],{"class":80},[66,31699,15793],{"class":84},[66,31701,113],{"class":80},[66,31703,30263],{"class":102},[66,31705,31706],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,31707,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,31709,31710,31712,31714,31716],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,31711,138],{"class":137},[66,31713,110],{"class":102},[66,31715,11895],{"class":106},[66,31717,131],{"class":102},[66,31719,31720,31722,31724,31726],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,31721,138],{"class":137},[66,31723,110],{"class":102},[66,31725,31669],{"class":106},[66,31727,131],{"class":102},[20,31729,148],{},[57,31731,31733],{"className":59,"code":31732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31734,31735,31767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31736,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31738,9039],{"class":102},[66,31740,3044],{"class":80},[66,31742,7423],{"class":84},[66,31744,3044],{"class":80},[66,31746,1111],{"class":102},[66,31748,3039],{"class":80},[66,31750,12643],{"class":84},[66,31752,3044],{"class":80},[66,31754,121],{"class":102},[66,31756,3039],{"class":80},[66,31758,9060],{"class":84},[66,31760,3044],{"class":80},[66,31762,1111],{"class":102},[66,31764,7546],{"class":478},[66,31766,9070],{"class":102},[66,31768,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31770,9039],{"class":102},[66,31772,3044],{"class":80},[66,31774,7423],{"class":84},[66,31776,3044],{"class":80},[66,31778,1111],{"class":102},[66,31780,3039],{"class":80},[66,31782,12643],{"class":84},[66,31784,3044],{"class":80},[66,31786,121],{"class":102},[66,31788,3039],{"class":80},[66,31790,9060],{"class":84},[66,31792,3044],{"class":80},[66,31794,1111],{"class":102},[66,31796,30244],{"class":478},[66,31798,121],{"class":102},[66,31800,3039],{"class":80},[66,31802,10171],{"class":84},[66,31804,3044],{"class":80},[66,31806,1111],{"class":102},[66,31808,3039],{"class":80},[66,31810,15793],{"class":84},[66,31812,3044],{"class":80},[66,31814,9070],{"class":102},[20,31816,31817,31818,103],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[200,31819,16360],{"href":16359},[52,31821,2568],{"id":2567},[20,31823,10510,31824,1111],{},[15,31825,14715],{},[33,31827,31828,31835,31839,31842,31845],{},[36,31829,12357,31830,31832,31833],{},[15,31831,14715],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31834,3528],{},[36,31836,1119,31837,12365],{},[15,31838,14715],{},[36,31840,31841],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[36,31843,31844],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[36,31846,31847],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31849,31850],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[57,31852,31854],{"className":59,"code":31853,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31855,31856,31866,31880,31894,31916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31857,31858,31860,31862,31864],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31859,138],{"class":137},[66,31861,110],{"class":102},[66,31863,11212],{"class":106},[66,31865,131],{"class":102},[66,31867,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,31869,138],{"class":137},[66,31871,110],{"class":102},[66,31873,2964],{"class":2641},[66,31875,110],{"class":102},[66,31877,8965],{"class":106},[66,31879,1330],{"class":102},[66,31881,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,31883,138],{"class":137},[66,31885,110],{"class":102},[66,31887,7851],{"class":2641},[66,31889,110],{"class":102},[66,31891,8965],{"class":106},[66,31893,1330],{"class":102},[66,31895,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,31897,138],{"class":137},[66,31899,110],{"class":102},[66,31901,11212],{"class":106},[66,31903,103],{"class":102},[66,31905,19513],{"class":106},[66,31907,110],{"class":102},[66,31909,3044],{"class":80},[66,31911,14603],{"class":84},[66,31913,3044],{"class":80},[66,31915,1330],{"class":102},[66,31917,31918,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,31919,31920],{"class":137},"help",[66,31922,110],{"class":102},[66,31924,8581],{"class":2641},[66,31926,103],{"class":102},[66,31928,30231],{"class":24515},[66,31930,131],{"class":102},[20,31932,31933],{},"These can help you check:",[33,31935,31936,31939,31944,31947,31950],{},[36,31937,31938],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[36,31940,31941,31942],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31943,14715],{},[36,31945,31946],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[36,31948,31949],{},"Whether a key exists",[36,31951,31952],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31954,31955,31956,103],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[200,31957,11025],{"href":10836},[52,31959,1518],{"id":1517},[258,31961,1522,31963,31965],{"id":31962},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31964,14715],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31967,31968,31969,103],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31970,3528],{},[258,31972,1522,31974,31976],{"id":31973},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31975,14715],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31978,31979],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[258,31981,1573,31983,31985],{"id":31982},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31984,14715],{}," add new keys?",[20,31987,31988],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[258,31990,28094,31992,31994],{"id":31991},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31993,14715],{}," with a list?",[20,31996,31997,31998,103],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31999,10857],{},[258,32001,4934,32003,32005],{"id":32002},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32004,14715],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32007,32008,32009,32011],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32010,14715],{}," can change many keys at once.",[52,32013,1620],{"id":1619},[33,32015,32016,32020,32024,32029,32033],{},[36,32017,32018],{},[200,32019,25860],{"href":9152},[36,32021,32022],{},[200,32023,11014],{"href":10494},[36,32025,32026],{},[200,32027,32028],{"href":30853},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[36,32030,32031],{},[200,32032,21221],{"href":16359},[36,32034,32035],{},[200,32036,11025],{"href":10836},[1651,32038,32039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":32041},[32042,32043,32045,32046,32048,32050,32051,32052,32054,32055,32067],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":30286,"depth":91,"text":32044},"What update() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":30646,"depth":91,"text":32047},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30857,"depth":91,"text":32049},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31098,"depth":91,"text":31099},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":31581,"depth":91,"text":32053},"When to use update()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":32056},[32057,32059,32061,32063,32065],{"id":31962,"depth":134,"text":32058},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31973,"depth":134,"text":32060},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31982,"depth":134,"text":32062},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31991,"depth":134,"text":32064},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32002,"depth":134,"text":32066},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30164,"description":32068},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32074,"title":32075,"body":32076,"description":34065,"extension":1694,"meta":34066,"navigation":338,"path":22659,"seo":34067,"stem":34068,"__hash__":34069},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32077,"toc":34028},[32078,32083,32090,32093,32095,32194,32196,32251,32256,32261,32275,32280,32282,32297,32299,32313,32326,32331,32337,32344,32346,32453,32455,32504,32510,32585,32587,32608,32610,32613,32718,32720,32775,32777,32805,32809,32814,32893,32895,32915,32917,32928,32938,32942,32947,33051,33053,33078,33081,33092,33097,33106,33109,33126,33128,33215,33217,33280,33282,33305,33307,33312,33318,33323,33325,33364,33370,33373,33392,33403,33409,33412,33485,33487,33506,33511,33514,33537,33543,33546,33610,33613,33690,33697,33700,33759,33765,33767,33786,33790,33793,33844,33847,33867,33869,33930,33932,33937,33942,33947,33952,33957,33962,33968,33971,33980,33988,33990,34025],[10,32079,11081,32081,18],{"id":32080},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32082,16834],{},[20,32084,32085,32086,32089],{},"The Python ",[15,32087,32088],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32091,32092],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[52,32094,55],{"id":54},[57,32096,32098],{"className":59,"code":32097,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32099,32100,32152,32166,32170,32180],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32101,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32103,12626],{"class":72},[66,32105,77],{"class":76},[66,32107,10253],{"class":102},[66,32109,113],{"class":80},[66,32111,7423],{"class":84},[66,32113,113],{"class":80},[66,32115,1111],{"class":102},[66,32117,81],{"class":80},[66,32119,12643],{"class":84},[66,32121,113],{"class":80},[66,32123,121],{"class":102},[66,32125,81],{"class":80},[66,32127,9060],{"class":84},[66,32129,113],{"class":80},[66,32131,1111],{"class":102},[66,32133,7546],{"class":478},[66,32135,121],{"class":102},[66,32137,81],{"class":80},[66,32139,10171],{"class":84},[66,32141,113],{"class":80},[66,32143,1111],{"class":102},[66,32145,81],{"class":80},[66,32147,15793],{"class":84},[66,32149,113],{"class":80},[66,32151,9070],{"class":102},[66,32153,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32155,3573],{"class":72},[66,32157,77],{"class":76},[66,32159,12669],{"class":72},[66,32161,103],{"class":102},[66,32163,5114],{"class":106},[66,32165,8402],{"class":102},[66,32167,32168],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,32169,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,32171,32172,32174,32176,32178],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,32173,138],{"class":137},[66,32175,110],{"class":102},[66,32177,5114],{"class":106},[66,32179,131],{"class":102},[66,32181,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,32183,138],{"class":137},[66,32185,110],{"class":102},[66,32187,7851],{"class":2641},[66,32189,110],{"class":102},[66,32191,5114],{"class":106},[66,32193,1330],{"class":102},[20,32195,148],{},[57,32197,32199],{"className":59,"code":32198,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32200,32201,32227],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32202,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32204,16800],{"class":106},[66,32206,2726],{"class":102},[66,32208,3044],{"class":80},[66,32210,12643],{"class":84},[66,32212,3044],{"class":80},[66,32214,121],{"class":102},[66,32216,7546],{"class":478},[66,32218,121],{"class":102},[66,32220,3039],{"class":80},[66,32222,15793],{"class":84},[66,32224,3044],{"class":80},[66,32226,3640],{"class":102},[66,32228,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32230,3652],{"class":102},[66,32232,3044],{"class":80},[66,32234,12643],{"class":84},[66,32236,3044],{"class":80},[66,32238,121],{"class":102},[66,32240,7546],{"class":478},[66,32242,121],{"class":102},[66,32244,3039],{"class":80},[66,32246,15793],{"class":84},[66,32248,3044],{"class":80},[66,32250,3383],{"class":102},[20,32252,32253,32255],{},[15,32254,16834],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[52,32257,168,32259,41],{"id":32258},"what-values-does",[15,32260,16834],{},[33,32262,32263,32266,32269,32272],{},[36,32264,32265],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[36,32267,32268],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[36,32270,32271],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[36,32273,32274],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32276,32277,32278,103],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[200,32279,9153],{"href":9152},[52,32281,1891],{"id":1890},[57,32283,32285],{"className":59,"code":32284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32286,32287],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32288,32289,32291,32293,32295],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32290,11212],{"class":72},[66,32292,103],{"class":102},[66,32294,5114],{"class":106},[66,32296,8402],{"class":102},[20,32298,178],{},[33,32300,32301,32305,32308],{},[36,32302,32303,11228],{},[15,32304,16834],{},[36,32306,32307],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[36,32309,32310,32311],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32312,16834],{},[20,32314,32315,32316,798,32321,103],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[200,32317,32318,32320],{"href":16825},[15,32319,16828],{}," for dictionary keys",[200,32322,32323,32325],{"href":16838},[15,32324,16841],{}," for key-value pairs",[52,32327,168,32329,904],{"id":32328},"what-values-returns",[15,32330,16834],{},[20,32332,32333,21739,32335,24529],{},[15,32334,16834],{},[15,32336,16800],{},[20,32338,32339,32340,32343],{},"This object is a ",[398,32341,32342],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32345,923],{},[57,32347,32349],{"className":59,"code":32348,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32350,32351,32387,32391,32406,32417,32421,32443],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32352,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32354,12965],{"class":72},[66,32356,77],{"class":76},[66,32358,10253],{"class":102},[66,32360,113],{"class":80},[66,32362,7423],{"class":84},[66,32364,113],{"class":80},[66,32366,1111],{"class":102},[66,32368,81],{"class":80},[66,32370,7678],{"class":84},[66,32372,113],{"class":80},[66,32374,121],{"class":102},[66,32376,81],{"class":80},[66,32378,9060],{"class":84},[66,32380,113],{"class":80},[66,32382,1111],{"class":102},[66,32384,9067],{"class":478},[66,32386,9070],{"class":102},[66,32388,32389],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32390,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,32392,32393,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,32394,32395],{"class":72},"values_view ",[66,32397,77],{"class":76},[66,32399,13008],{"class":72},[66,32401,103],{"class":102},[66,32403,5114],{"class":106},[66,32405,8402],{"class":102},[66,32407,32408,32410,32412,32415],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,32409,138],{"class":137},[66,32411,110],{"class":102},[66,32413,32414],{"class":106},"values_view",[66,32416,131],{"class":102},[66,32418,32419],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,32420,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,32422,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,32424,17070],{"class":72},[66,32426,3652],{"class":102},[66,32428,113],{"class":80},[66,32430,10171],{"class":84},[66,32432,113],{"class":80},[66,32434,13034],{"class":102},[66,32436,13037],{"class":76},[66,32438,81],{"class":80},[66,32440,30410],{"class":84},[66,32442,88],{"class":80},[66,32444,32445,32447,32449,32451],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,32446,138],{"class":137},[66,32448,110],{"class":102},[66,32450,32414],{"class":106},[66,32452,131],{"class":102},[20,32454,148],{},[57,32456,32458],{"className":59,"code":32457,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32459,32460,32478],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32461,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32463,16800],{"class":106},[66,32465,2726],{"class":102},[66,32467,3044],{"class":80},[66,32469,7678],{"class":84},[66,32471,3044],{"class":80},[66,32473,121],{"class":102},[66,32475,9067],{"class":478},[66,32477,3640],{"class":102},[66,32479,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32481,16800],{"class":106},[66,32483,2726],{"class":102},[66,32485,3044],{"class":80},[66,32487,7678],{"class":84},[66,32489,3044],{"class":80},[66,32491,121],{"class":102},[66,32493,9067],{"class":478},[66,32495,121],{"class":102},[66,32497,3039],{"class":80},[66,32499,30410],{"class":84},[66,32501,3044],{"class":80},[66,32503,3640],{"class":102},[20,32505,32506,32507,103],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32508,32509],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[57,32511,32513],{"className":59,"code":32512,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32514,32515,32551,32570,32574],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32516,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32518,12965],{"class":72},[66,32520,77],{"class":76},[66,32522,10253],{"class":102},[66,32524,113],{"class":80},[66,32526,7423],{"class":84},[66,32528,113],{"class":80},[66,32530,1111],{"class":102},[66,32532,81],{"class":80},[66,32534,7678],{"class":84},[66,32536,113],{"class":80},[66,32538,121],{"class":102},[66,32540,81],{"class":80},[66,32542,9060],{"class":84},[66,32544,113],{"class":80},[66,32546,1111],{"class":102},[66,32548,9067],{"class":478},[66,32550,9070],{"class":102},[66,32552,32553,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32554,32555],{"class":72},"values_list ",[66,32557,77],{"class":76},[66,32559,22324],{"class":2641},[66,32561,110],{"class":102},[66,32563,17070],{"class":106},[66,32565,103],{"class":102},[66,32567,5114],{"class":106},[66,32569,6949],{"class":102},[66,32571,32572],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,32573,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,32575,32576,32578,32580,32583],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,32577,138],{"class":137},[66,32579,110],{"class":102},[66,32581,32582],{"class":106},"values_list",[66,32584,131],{"class":102},[20,32586,148],{},[57,32588,32590],{"className":59,"code":32589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32591,32592],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32593,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32595,3652],{"class":102},[66,32597,3044],{"class":80},[66,32599,7678],{"class":84},[66,32601,3044],{"class":80},[66,32603,121],{"class":102},[66,32605,9067],{"class":478},[66,32607,3383],{"class":102},[52,32609,11238],{"id":11237},[20,32611,32612],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[57,32614,32616],{"className":59,"code":32615,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32617,32618,32672,32676,32690,32694,32704],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32619,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32653,32655,32657,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32621,24561],{"class":72},[66,32623,77],{"class":76},[66,32625,10253],{"class":102},[66,32627,113],{"class":80},[66,32629,24570],{"class":84},[66,32631,113],{"class":80},[66,32633,1111],{"class":102},[66,32635,81],{"class":80},[66,32637,24579],{"class":84},[66,32639,113],{"class":80},[66,32641,121],{"class":102},[66,32643,81],{"class":80},[66,32645,24588],{"class":84},[66,32647,113],{"class":80},[66,32649,1111],{"class":102},[66,32651,32652],{"class":478}," 2022",[66,32654,121],{"class":102},[66,32656,81],{"class":80},[66,32658,32659],{"class":84},"color",[66,32661,113],{"class":80},[66,32663,1111],{"class":102},[66,32665,81],{"class":80},[66,32667,1401],{"class":84},[66,32669,113],{"class":80},[66,32671,9070],{"class":102},[66,32673,32674],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32675,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,32677,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,32679,447],{"class":72},[66,32681,77],{"class":76},[66,32683,24610],{"class":72},[66,32685,103],{"class":102},[66,32687,5114],{"class":106},[66,32689,8402],{"class":102},[66,32691,32692],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,32693,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,32695,32696,32698,32700,32702],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,32697,138],{"class":137},[66,32699,110],{"class":102},[66,32701,494],{"class":106},[66,32703,131],{"class":102},[66,32705,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,32707,138],{"class":137},[66,32709,110],{"class":102},[66,32711,7851],{"class":2641},[66,32713,110],{"class":102},[66,32715,494],{"class":106},[66,32717,1330],{"class":102},[20,32719,148],{},[57,32721,32723],{"className":59,"code":32722,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32724,32725,32751],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32726,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32728,16800],{"class":106},[66,32730,2726],{"class":102},[66,32732,3044],{"class":80},[66,32734,24579],{"class":84},[66,32736,3044],{"class":80},[66,32738,121],{"class":102},[66,32740,32652],{"class":478},[66,32742,121],{"class":102},[66,32744,3039],{"class":80},[66,32746,1401],{"class":84},[66,32748,3044],{"class":80},[66,32750,3640],{"class":102},[66,32752,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32754,3652],{"class":102},[66,32756,3044],{"class":80},[66,32758,24579],{"class":84},[66,32760,3044],{"class":80},[66,32762,121],{"class":102},[66,32764,32652],{"class":478},[66,32766,121],{"class":102},[66,32768,3039],{"class":80},[66,32770,1401],{"class":84},[66,32772,3044],{"class":80},[66,32774,3383],{"class":102},[20,32776,11447],{},[33,32778,32779,32785,32791,32799],{},[36,32780,32781,32784],{},[15,32782,32783],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[36,32786,32787,32790],{},[15,32788,32789],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[36,32792,32793,32796,32797,24382],{},[15,32794,32795],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32798,16800],{},[36,32800,32801,32804],{},[15,32802,32803],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[52,32806,32808],{"id":32807},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32810,32811,32812,25829],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32813,5710],{},[57,32815,32817],{"className":59,"code":32816,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32818,32819,32863,32867,32883],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32820,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32822,4818],{"class":72},[66,32824,77],{"class":76},[66,32826,10253],{"class":102},[66,32828,113],{"class":80},[66,32830,18179],{"class":84},[66,32832,113],{"class":80},[66,32834,1111],{"class":102},[66,32836,19661],{"class":478},[66,32838,121],{"class":102},[66,32840,81],{"class":80},[66,32842,30920],{"class":84},[66,32844,113],{"class":80},[66,32846,1111],{"class":102},[66,32848,13268],{"class":478},[66,32850,121],{"class":102},[66,32852,81],{"class":80},[66,32854,18188],{"class":84},[66,32856,113],{"class":80},[66,32858,1111],{"class":102},[66,32860,28686],{"class":478},[66,32862,9070],{"class":102},[66,32864,32865],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32866,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,32868,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,32870,5710],{"class":3627},[66,32872,21348],{"class":72},[66,32874,3634],{"class":3627},[66,32876,4865],{"class":72},[66,32878,103],{"class":102},[66,32880,5114],{"class":106},[66,32882,21359],{"class":102},[66,32884,32885,32887,32889,32891],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,32886,7826],{"class":137},[66,32888,110],{"class":102},[66,32890,2208],{"class":106},[66,32892,131],{"class":102},[20,32894,148],{},[57,32896,32898],{"className":59,"code":32897,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32899,32900,32905,32910],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32901,32902],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32903,32904],{"class":478},"90\n",[66,32906,32907],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,32908,32909],{"class":478},"85\n",[66,32911,32912],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,32913,32914],{"class":478},"88\n",[20,32916,17472],{},[33,32918,32919,32922,32925],{},[36,32920,32921],{},"You only need the values",[36,32923,32924],{},"You do not care about the keys",[36,32926,32927],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32929,32930,32931,2617,32935,103],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[200,32932,10500,32933,774],{"href":16838},[15,32934,16841],{},[200,32936,22239],{"href":32937},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[52,32939,32941],{"id":32940},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32943,160,32944,32946],{},[15,32945,32509],{}," when you need a list.",[57,32948,32950],{"className":59,"code":32949,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32951,32952,32998,33002,33022,33026,33037],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32953,32954,32957,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32990,32992,32994,32996],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32955,32956],{"class":72},"fruit_prices ",[66,32958,77],{"class":76},[66,32960,10253],{"class":102},[66,32962,113],{"class":80},[66,32964,3832],{"class":84},[66,32966,113],{"class":80},[66,32968,1111],{"class":102},[66,32970,561],{"class":478},[66,32972,121],{"class":102},[66,32974,81],{"class":80},[66,32976,627],{"class":84},[66,32978,113],{"class":80},[66,32980,1111],{"class":102},[66,32982,479],{"class":478},[66,32984,121],{"class":102},[66,32986,81],{"class":80},[66,32988,32989],{"class":84},"orange",[66,32991,113],{"class":80},[66,32993,1111],{"class":102},[66,32995,2186],{"class":478},[66,32997,9070],{"class":102},[66,32999,33000],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33001,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,33003,33004,33007,33009,33011,33013,33016,33018,33020],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33005,33006],{"class":72},"price_list ",[66,33008,77],{"class":76},[66,33010,22324],{"class":2641},[66,33012,110],{"class":102},[66,33014,33015],{"class":106},"fruit_prices",[66,33017,103],{"class":102},[66,33019,5114],{"class":106},[66,33021,6949],{"class":102},[66,33023,33024],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,33025,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,33027,33028,33030,33032,33035],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,33029,138],{"class":137},[66,33031,110],{"class":102},[66,33033,33034],{"class":106},"price_list",[66,33036,131],{"class":102},[66,33038,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,33040,138],{"class":137},[66,33042,110],{"class":102},[66,33044,33034],{"class":106},[66,33046,3652],{"class":102},[66,33048,1852],{"class":478},[66,33050,3640],{"class":102},[20,33052,148],{},[57,33054,33056],{"className":59,"code":33055,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33057,33058,33074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33059,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33061,3652],{"class":102},[66,33063,1788],{"class":478},[66,33065,121],{"class":102},[66,33067,479],{"class":478},[66,33069,121],{"class":102},[66,33071,2186],{"class":478},[66,33073,3383],{"class":102},[66,33075,33076],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33077,16819],{"class":478},[20,33079,33080],{},"This is helpful for:",[33,33082,33083,33086,33089],{},[36,33084,33085],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[36,33087,33088],{},"Accessing values by index",[36,33090,33091],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33093,3677,33094,33096],{},[15,33095,16800],{}," is not the same as a list.",[52,33098,33100,10348,33102,10348,33104],{"id":33099},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33101,16834],{},[15,33103,16828],{},[15,33105,16841],{},[20,33107,33108],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[33,33110,33111,33116,33121],{},[36,33112,33113,33115],{},[15,33114,16834],{}," returns only the values",[36,33117,33118,33120],{},[15,33119,16828],{}," returns only the keys",[36,33122,33123,33125],{},[15,33124,16841],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33127,1858],{},[57,33129,33131],{"className":59,"code":33130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33132,33133,33169,33173,33187,33201],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33134,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33136,12626],{"class":72},[66,33138,77],{"class":76},[66,33140,10253],{"class":102},[66,33142,113],{"class":80},[66,33144,7423],{"class":84},[66,33146,113],{"class":80},[66,33148,1111],{"class":102},[66,33150,81],{"class":80},[66,33152,12643],{"class":84},[66,33154,113],{"class":80},[66,33156,121],{"class":102},[66,33158,81],{"class":80},[66,33160,9060],{"class":84},[66,33162,113],{"class":80},[66,33164,1111],{"class":102},[66,33166,7546],{"class":478},[66,33168,9070],{"class":102},[66,33170,33171],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33172,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,33174,33175,33177,33179,33181,33183,33185],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33176,138],{"class":137},[66,33178,110],{"class":102},[66,33180,13387],{"class":106},[66,33182,103],{"class":102},[66,33184,16686],{"class":106},[66,33186,6949],{"class":102},[66,33188,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,33190,138],{"class":137},[66,33192,110],{"class":102},[66,33194,13387],{"class":106},[66,33196,103],{"class":102},[66,33198,5114],{"class":106},[66,33200,6949],{"class":102},[66,33202,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,33204,138],{"class":137},[66,33206,110],{"class":102},[66,33208,13387],{"class":106},[66,33210,103],{"class":102},[66,33212,7566],{"class":106},[66,33214,6949],{"class":102},[20,33216,148],{},[57,33218,33220],{"className":59,"code":33219,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33221,33222,33244,33262],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33223,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33225,16777],{"class":106},[66,33227,2726],{"class":102},[66,33229,3044],{"class":80},[66,33231,7423],{"class":84},[66,33233,3044],{"class":80},[66,33235,121],{"class":102},[66,33237,3039],{"class":80},[66,33239,9060],{"class":84},[66,33241,3044],{"class":80},[66,33243,3640],{"class":102},[66,33245,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33247,16800],{"class":106},[66,33249,2726],{"class":102},[66,33251,3044],{"class":80},[66,33253,12643],{"class":84},[66,33255,3044],{"class":80},[66,33257,121],{"class":102},[66,33259,7546],{"class":478},[66,33261,3640],{"class":102},[66,33263,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33265,21672],{"class":106},[66,33267,9419],{"class":102},[66,33269,3044],{"class":80},[66,33271,7423],{"class":84},[66,33273,3044],{"class":80},[66,33275,121],{"class":102},[66,33277,7546],{"class":478},[66,33279,10442],{"class":102},[20,33281,18457],{},[33,33283,33284,33291,33298],{},[36,33285,33286,33290],{},[200,33287,33288],{"href":16825},[15,33289,16828],{}," when you need just the keys",[36,33292,33293,33297],{},[200,33294,33295],{"href":16831},[15,33296,16834],{}," when you need just the values",[36,33299,33300,33304],{},[200,33301,33302],{"href":16838},[15,33303,16841],{}," when you need both",[52,33306,1105],{"id":1104},[20,33308,33309,33310,103],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33311,16834],{},[258,33313,29416,33315,33317],{"id":33314},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33316,16834],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33319,33320,33322],{},[15,33321,16834],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33324,16406],{},[57,33326,33328],{"className":59,"code":33327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33329,33330,33350],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33331,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33333,8066],{"class":72},[66,33335,77],{"class":76},[66,33337,3370],{"class":102},[66,33339,2729],{"class":478},[66,33341,121],{"class":102},[66,33343,561],{"class":478},[66,33345,121],{"class":102},[66,33347,2186],{"class":478},[66,33349,3383],{"class":102},[66,33351,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33353,138],{"class":137},[66,33355,110],{"class":102},[66,33357,8097],{"class":106},[66,33359,103],{"class":102},[66,33361,5114],{"class":106},[66,33363,6949],{"class":102},[20,33365,33366,33367,33369],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33368,16834],{}," method.",[20,33371,33372],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[57,33374,33376],{"className":59,"code":33375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33377,33378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33379,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33381,138],{"class":137},[66,33383,110],{"class":102},[66,33385,2964],{"class":2641},[66,33387,110],{"class":102},[66,33389,8097],{"class":106},[66,33391,1330],{"class":102},[20,33393,33394,33395,33397,33398,103],{},"If you get an ",[15,33396,25437],{},", see ",[200,33399,25445,33400,33402],{"href":25444},[15,33401,25448],{}," errors",[258,33404,4331,33406,33408],{"id":33405},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33407,16834],{}," returns a list",[20,33410,33411],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[57,33413,33415],{"className":59,"code":33414,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33416,33417,33453,33467,33471],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33418,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33420,12626],{"class":72},[66,33422,77],{"class":76},[66,33424,10253],{"class":102},[66,33426,113],{"class":80},[66,33428,7423],{"class":84},[66,33430,113],{"class":80},[66,33432,1111],{"class":102},[66,33434,81],{"class":80},[66,33436,12643],{"class":84},[66,33438,113],{"class":80},[66,33440,121],{"class":102},[66,33442,81],{"class":80},[66,33444,9060],{"class":84},[66,33446,113],{"class":80},[66,33448,1111],{"class":102},[66,33450,7546],{"class":478},[66,33452,9070],{"class":102},[66,33454,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33456,3573],{"class":72},[66,33458,77],{"class":76},[66,33460,12669],{"class":72},[66,33462,103],{"class":102},[66,33464,5114],{"class":106},[66,33466,8402],{"class":102},[66,33468,33469],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33470,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,33472,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,33474,138],{"class":137},[66,33476,110],{"class":102},[66,33478,2964],{"class":2641},[66,33480,110],{"class":102},[66,33482,5114],{"class":106},[66,33484,1330],{"class":102},[20,33486,148],{},[57,33488,33490],{"className":59,"code":33489,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33491,33492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33493,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33495,3033],{"class":76},[66,33497,3036],{"class":1797},[66,33499,3039],{"class":80},[66,33501,16800],{"class":84},[66,33503,3044],{"class":80},[66,33505,3047],{"class":76},[20,33507,4903,33508,33510],{},[15,33509,16800],{},", not a list.",[20,33512,33513],{},"If you need a list:",[57,33515,33517],{"className":59,"code":33516,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33518,33519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33520,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33522,3573],{"class":72},[66,33524,77],{"class":76},[66,33526,22324],{"class":2641},[66,33528,110],{"class":102},[66,33530,13387],{"class":106},[66,33532,103],{"class":102},[66,33534,5114],{"class":106},[66,33536,6949],{"class":102},[258,33538,33540,33541],{"id":33539},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33542,16800],{},[20,33544,33545],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[57,33547,33549],{"className":59,"code":33548,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33550,33551,33587,33601,33605],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33552,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33554,12626],{"class":72},[66,33556,77],{"class":76},[66,33558,10253],{"class":102},[66,33560,113],{"class":80},[66,33562,7423],{"class":84},[66,33564,113],{"class":80},[66,33566,1111],{"class":102},[66,33568,81],{"class":80},[66,33570,12643],{"class":84},[66,33572,113],{"class":80},[66,33574,121],{"class":102},[66,33576,81],{"class":80},[66,33578,9060],{"class":84},[66,33580,113],{"class":80},[66,33582,1111],{"class":102},[66,33584,7546],{"class":478},[66,33586,9070],{"class":102},[66,33588,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33590,3573],{"class":72},[66,33592,77],{"class":76},[66,33594,12669],{"class":72},[66,33596,103],{"class":102},[66,33598,5114],{"class":106},[66,33600,8402],{"class":102},[66,33602,33603],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33604,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,33606,33607],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,33608,33609],{"class":3413},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33611,33612],{},"Convert to a list first:",[57,33614,33616],{"className":59,"code":33615,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33617,33618,33654,33672,33676],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33619,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650,33652],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33621,12626],{"class":72},[66,33623,77],{"class":76},[66,33625,10253],{"class":102},[66,33627,113],{"class":80},[66,33629,7423],{"class":84},[66,33631,113],{"class":80},[66,33633,1111],{"class":102},[66,33635,81],{"class":80},[66,33637,12643],{"class":84},[66,33639,113],{"class":80},[66,33641,121],{"class":102},[66,33643,81],{"class":80},[66,33645,9060],{"class":84},[66,33647,113],{"class":80},[66,33649,1111],{"class":102},[66,33651,7546],{"class":478},[66,33653,9070],{"class":102},[66,33655,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33657,3573],{"class":72},[66,33659,77],{"class":76},[66,33661,22324],{"class":2641},[66,33663,110],{"class":102},[66,33665,13387],{"class":106},[66,33667,103],{"class":102},[66,33669,5114],{"class":106},[66,33671,6949],{"class":102},[66,33673,33674],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33675,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,33677,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,33679,138],{"class":137},[66,33681,110],{"class":102},[66,33683,5114],{"class":106},[66,33685,3652],{"class":102},[66,33687,1852],{"class":478},[66,33689,3640],{"class":102},[258,33691,8176,33693,10854,33695],{"id":33692},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33694,5114],{},[15,33696,16834],{},[20,33698,33699],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[57,33701,33703],{"className":59,"code":33702,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33704,33705,33741,33745],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33706,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33708,12626],{"class":72},[66,33710,77],{"class":76},[66,33712,10253],{"class":102},[66,33714,113],{"class":80},[66,33716,7423],{"class":84},[66,33718,113],{"class":80},[66,33720,1111],{"class":102},[66,33722,81],{"class":80},[66,33724,12643],{"class":84},[66,33726,113],{"class":80},[66,33728,121],{"class":102},[66,33730,81],{"class":80},[66,33732,9060],{"class":84},[66,33734,113],{"class":80},[66,33736,1111],{"class":102},[66,33738,7546],{"class":478},[66,33740,9070],{"class":102},[66,33742,33743],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33744,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,33746,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33748,138],{"class":137},[66,33750,110],{"class":102},[66,33752,13387],{"class":106},[66,33754,103],{"class":102},[66,33756,5114],{"class":24515},[66,33758,131],{"class":102},[20,33760,33761,33764],{},[15,33762,33763],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33766,18457],{},[57,33768,33770],{"className":59,"code":33769,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33771,33772],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33773,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33775,138],{"class":137},[66,33777,110],{"class":102},[66,33779,13387],{"class":106},[66,33781,103],{"class":102},[66,33783,5114],{"class":106},[66,33785,6949],{"class":102},[258,33787,33789],{"id":33788},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33791,33792],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[57,33794,33796],{"className":59,"code":33795,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33797,33798,33830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33799,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33801,8926],{"class":72},[66,33803,77],{"class":76},[66,33805,10253],{"class":102},[66,33807,113],{"class":80},[66,33809,200],{"class":84},[66,33811,113],{"class":80},[66,33813,1111],{"class":102},[66,33815,479],{"class":478},[66,33817,121],{"class":102},[66,33819,81],{"class":80},[66,33821,4514],{"class":84},[66,33823,113],{"class":80},[66,33825,1111],{"class":102},[66,33827,561],{"class":478},[66,33829,9070],{"class":102},[66,33831,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33833,138],{"class":137},[66,33835,110],{"class":102},[66,33837,8965],{"class":106},[66,33839,103],{"class":102},[66,33841,5114],{"class":106},[66,33843,6949],{"class":102},[20,33845,33846],{},"Not like this:",[57,33848,33850],{"className":59,"code":33849,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33851,33852,33857,33862],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33853,33854],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33855,33856],{"class":3413},"# Wrong examples:\n",[66,33858,33859],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33860,33861],{"class":3413},"# data().values()\n",[66,33863,33864],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33865,33866],{"class":3413},"# values(data)\n",[20,33868,3084],{},[57,33870,33872],{"className":59,"code":33871,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33873,33874,33888,33898,33912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33875,33876,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33877,138],{"class":137},[66,33879,110],{"class":102},[66,33881,2964],{"class":2641},[66,33883,110],{"class":102},[66,33885,11212],{"class":106},[66,33887,1330],{"class":102},[66,33889,33890,33892,33894,33896],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,33891,138],{"class":137},[66,33893,110],{"class":102},[66,33895,11212],{"class":106},[66,33897,131],{"class":102},[66,33899,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908,33910],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,33901,138],{"class":137},[66,33903,110],{"class":102},[66,33905,11212],{"class":106},[66,33907,103],{"class":102},[66,33909,5114],{"class":106},[66,33911,6949],{"class":102},[66,33913,33914,33916,33918,33920,33922,33924,33926,33928],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,33915,138],{"class":137},[66,33917,110],{"class":102},[66,33919,7851],{"class":2641},[66,33921,110],{"class":102},[66,33923,11212],{"class":106},[66,33925,103],{"class":102},[66,33927,5114],{"class":106},[66,33929,6042],{"class":102},[52,33931,1518],{"id":1517},[258,33933,4897,33935,4900],{"id":33934},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33936,32088],{},[20,33938,17183,33939,33941],{},[15,33940,16800],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[258,33943,1522,33945,23696],{"id":33944},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33946,16834],{},[20,33948,23699,33949,23703],{},[15,33950,33951],{},"list(...)",[258,33953,25821,33955,2228],{"id":33954},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33956,32088],{},[20,33958,33959,33960,25829],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33961,5710],{},[258,33963,1522,33965,33967],{"id":33964},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33966,32088],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33969,33970],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[258,33972,33974,33975,33977,33978,2228],{"id":33973},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33976,16834],{}," different from ",[15,33979,16841],{},[20,33981,33982,33984,33985,33987],{},[15,33983,16834],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33986,16841],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[52,33989,1620],{"id":1619},[33,33991,33992,33998,34004,34008,34014,34018],{},[36,33993,33994],{},[200,33995,10500,33996,774],{"href":16825},[15,33997,16828],{},[36,33999,34000],{},[200,34001,10500,34002,774],{"href":16838},[15,34003,16841],{},[36,34005,34006],{},[200,34007,11005],{"href":9152},[36,34009,34010],{},[200,34011,34013],{"href":34012},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[36,34015,34016],{},[200,34017,23781],{"href":32937},[36,34019,34020],{},[200,34021,30114,34022],{"href":25444},[15,34023,34024],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1651,34026,34027],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":34029},[34030,34031,34033,34034,34036,34037,34038,34039,34041,34052,34064],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":32258,"depth":91,"text":34032},"What values() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":32328,"depth":91,"text":34035},"What values() returns",{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":32807,"depth":91,"text":32808},{"id":32940,"depth":91,"text":32941},{"id":33099,"depth":91,"text":34040},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":34042},[34043,34045,34047,34049,34051],{"id":33314,"depth":134,"text":34044},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33405,"depth":134,"text":34046},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33539,"depth":134,"text":34048},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33692,"depth":134,"text":34050},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33788,"depth":134,"text":33789},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":34053},[34054,34056,34058,34060,34062],{"id":33934,"depth":134,"text":34055},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33944,"depth":134,"text":34057},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33954,"depth":134,"text":34059},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33964,"depth":134,"text":34061},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33973,"depth":134,"text":34063},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32075,"description":34065},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34071,"title":34072,"body":34073,"description":35499,"extension":1694,"meta":35500,"navigation":338,"path":35501,"seo":35502,"stem":35503,"__hash__":35504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34074,"toc":35451},[34075,34081,34086,34089,34105,34114,34116,34148,34154,34157,34251,34254,34259,34264,34267,34278,34280,34294,34300,34302,34307,34313,34316,34355,34363,34368,34371,34416,34419,34431,34437,34443,34447,34478,34481,34499,34502,34506,34545,34547,34567,34570,34582,34587,34593,34596,34650,34653,34664,34667,34678,34681,34685,34691,34693,34723,34726,34741,34744,34747,34765,34768,34784,34793,34795,34826,34832,34837,34840,34847,34878,34881,34903,34906,34909,34923,34927,34958,34973,34980,34987,34991,34999,35003,35011,35014,35063,35074,35076,35079,35085,35090,35100,35104,35107,35110,35114,35117,35119,35140,35144,35150,35161,35167,35169,35175,35199,35202,35265,35268,35296,35299,35361,35363,35368,35371,35378,35386,35393,35396,35404,35410,35412,35439,35448],[10,34076,3321,34078,3325],{"id":34077},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34079,34080],{},"dir()",[20,34082,32085,34083,34085],{},[15,34084,34080],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34087,34088],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[33,34090,34091,34094,34097,34102],{},[36,34092,34093],{},"learning Python",[36,34095,34096],{},"exploring a new object",[36,34098,34099,34100],{},"debugging an ",[15,34101,25437],{},[36,34103,34104],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34106,34107,34108,34110,34111],{},"In short, ",[15,34109,34080],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[398,34112,34113],{},"“What can I use here?”",[52,34115,55],{"id":54},[57,34117,34119],{"className":59,"code":34118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34120,34121,34133],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34122,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34124,7633],{"class":72},[66,34126,77],{"class":76},[66,34128,81],{"class":80},[66,34130,939],{"class":84},[66,34132,88],{"class":80},[66,34134,34135,34137,34139,34142,34144,34146],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34136,138],{"class":137},[66,34138,110],{"class":102},[66,34140,34141],{"class":137},"dir",[66,34143,110],{"class":102},[66,34145,7423],{"class":106},[66,34147,1330],{"class":102},[20,34149,160,34150,34153],{},[15,34151,34152],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34155,34156],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[57,34158,34160],{"className":59,"code":34159,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34161,34162],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34163,34164,34166,34168,34171,34173,34175,34177,34180,34182,34184,34186,34189,34191,34193,34195,34198,34200,34202,34204,34207,34209,34211,34213,34216,34218,34220,34223,34225,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235,34238,34240,34242,34244,34247,34249],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34165,3652],{"class":102},[66,34167,3044],{"class":80},[66,34169,34170],{"class":84},"__add__",[66,34172,3044],{"class":80},[66,34174,121],{"class":102},[66,34176,3039],{"class":80},[66,34178,34179],{"class":84},"__class__",[66,34181,3044],{"class":80},[66,34183,121],{"class":102},[66,34185,3039],{"class":80},[66,34187,34188],{"class":84},"__contains__",[66,34190,3044],{"class":80},[66,34192,121],{"class":102},[66,34194,3039],{"class":80},[66,34196,34197],{"class":84},"__delattr__",[66,34199,3044],{"class":80},[66,34201,121],{"class":102},[66,34203,3039],{"class":80},[66,34205,34206],{"class":84},"__dir__",[66,34208,3044],{"class":80},[66,34210,121],{"class":102},[66,34212,3039],{"class":80},[66,34214,34215],{"class":84},"__doc__",[66,34217,3044],{"class":80},[66,34219,121],{"class":102},[66,34221,34222],{"class":879}," ...",[66,34224,121],{"class":102},[66,34226,3039],{"class":80},[66,34228,8399],{"class":84},[66,34230,3044],{"class":80},[66,34232,121],{"class":102},[66,34234,3039],{"class":80},[66,34236,34237],{"class":84},"split",[66,34239,3044],{"class":80},[66,34241,121],{"class":102},[66,34243,3039],{"class":80},[66,34245,34246],{"class":84},"upper",[66,34248,3044],{"class":80},[66,34250,3383],{"class":102},[20,34252,34253],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[52,34255,168,34257,41],{"id":34256},"what-dir-does",[15,34258,34080],{},[20,34260,34261,34263],{},[15,34262,34080],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34265,34266],{},"It usually includes:",[33,34268,34269,34272,34275],{},[36,34270,34271],{},"attributes",[36,34273,34274],{},"methods",[36,34276,34277],{},"special Python names",[20,34279,11221],{},[33,34281,34282,34288,34291],{},[36,34283,34284,34285],{},"The result is a ",[398,34286,34287],{},"list of strings",[36,34289,34290],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[36,34292,34293],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34295,34296,34297,34299],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34298,34080],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[52,34301,1891],{"id":1890},[20,34303,34304,34306],{},[15,34305,34080],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[258,34308,34310,34312],{"id":34309},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34311,34080],{}," with no argument",[20,34314,34315],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[57,34317,34319],{"className":59,"code":34318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34320,34321,34329,34341,34345],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34322,34323,34325,34327],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34324,2766],{"class":72},[66,34326,77],{"class":76},[66,34328,2324],{"class":478},[66,34330,34331,34333,34335,34337,34339],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34332,7633],{"class":72},[66,34334,77],{"class":76},[66,34336,81],{"class":80},[66,34338,7432],{"class":84},[66,34340,88],{"class":80},[66,34342,34343],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,34344,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,34346,34347,34349,34351,34353],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,34348,138],{"class":137},[66,34350,110],{"class":102},[66,34352,34141],{"class":137},[66,34354,6949],{"class":102},[20,34356,34357,34358,798,34360,34362],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34359,960],{},[15,34361,7423],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[258,34364,34366],{"id":34365},"dirobject",[15,34367,34152],{},[20,34369,34370],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[57,34372,34374],{"className":59,"code":34373,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34375,34376,34394],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34377,34378,34380,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390,34392],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34379,138],{"class":137},[66,34381,110],{"class":102},[66,34383,34141],{"class":137},[66,34385,110],{"class":102},[66,34387,113],{"class":80},[66,34389,939],{"class":84},[66,34391,113],{"class":80},[66,34393,1330],{"class":102},[66,34395,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412,34414],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34397,138],{"class":137},[66,34399,110],{"class":102},[66,34401,34141],{"class":137},[66,34403,2726],{"class":102},[66,34405,2729],{"class":478},[66,34407,121],{"class":102},[66,34409,561],{"class":478},[66,34411,121],{"class":102},[66,34413,2186],{"class":478},[66,34415,2740],{"class":102},[20,34417,34418],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[33,34420,34421,34423,34425,34428],{},[36,34422,5064],{},[36,34424,5055],{},[36,34426,34427],{},"modules",[36,34429,34430],{},"custom objects",[52,34432,8176,34434,34436],{"id":34433},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34435,34080],{}," with a value",[20,34438,34439,34440,34442],{},"A common use of ",[15,34441,34080],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[258,34444,34446],{"id":34445},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[57,34448,34450],{"className":59,"code":34449,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34451,34452,34464],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34453,34454,34456,34458,34460,34462],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34455,73],{"class":72},[66,34457,77],{"class":76},[66,34459,81],{"class":80},[66,34461,939],{"class":84},[66,34463,88],{"class":80},[66,34465,34466,34468,34470,34472,34474,34476],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34467,138],{"class":137},[66,34469,110],{"class":102},[66,34471,34141],{"class":137},[66,34473,110],{"class":102},[66,34475,349],{"class":106},[66,34477,1330],{"class":102},[20,34479,34480],{},"You will see method names like:",[33,34482,34483,34487,34491,34495],{},[36,34484,34485],{},[15,34486,8399],{},[36,34488,34489],{},[15,34490,34246],{},[36,34492,34493],{},[15,34494,34237],{},[36,34496,34497],{},[15,34498,8393],{},[20,34500,34501],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[258,34503,34505],{"id":34504},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[57,34507,34509],{"className":59,"code":34508,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34510,34511,34531],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34512,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523,34525,34527,34529],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34514,3365],{"class":72},[66,34516,77],{"class":76},[66,34518,3370],{"class":102},[66,34520,2729],{"class":478},[66,34522,121],{"class":102},[66,34524,561],{"class":478},[66,34526,121],{"class":102},[66,34528,2186],{"class":478},[66,34530,3383],{"class":102},[66,34532,34533,34535,34537,34539,34541,34543],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34534,138],{"class":137},[66,34536,110],{"class":102},[66,34538,34141],{"class":137},[66,34540,110],{"class":102},[66,34542,3397],{"class":106},[66,34544,1330],{"class":102},[20,34546,34480],{},[33,34548,34549,34553,34557,34562],{},[36,34550,34551],{},[15,34552,13314],{},[36,34554,34555],{},[15,34556,26006],{},[36,34558,34559],{},[15,34560,34561],{},"remove",[36,34563,34564],{},[15,34565,34566],{},"sort",[20,34568,34569],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34571,34572,34573,34578,34579,34581],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[200,34574,34576],{"href":34575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34577,2035],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34580,34080],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[52,34583,8176,34585,34312],{"id":34584},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34586,34080],{},[20,34588,34589,34590,34592],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34591,34080],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34594,34595],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[57,34597,34599],{"className":59,"code":34598,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34600,34601,34610,34614,34625,34636,34640],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34602,34603,34605,34607],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34604,2766],{"class":72},[66,34606,77],{"class":76},[66,34608,34609],{"class":478}," 5\n",[66,34611,34612],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34613,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,34615,34616,34619,34623],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,34617,34618],{"class":1797},"def",[66,34620,34622],{"class":34621},"sGLFI"," greet",[66,34624,21359],{"class":102},[66,34626,34627,34630,34632,34634],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,34628,34629],{"class":3627},"    return",[66,34631,81],{"class":80},[66,34633,1296],{"class":84},[66,34635,88],{"class":80},[66,34637,34638],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,34639,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,34641,34642,34644,34646,34648],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,34643,138],{"class":137},[66,34645,110],{"class":102},[66,34647,34141],{"class":137},[66,34649,6949],{"class":102},[20,34651,34652],{},"The output will include names like:",[33,34654,34655,34659],{},[36,34656,34657],{},[15,34658,960],{},[36,34660,34661],{},[15,34662,34663],{},"greet",[20,34665,34666],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[33,34668,34669,34672,34675],{},[36,34670,34671],{},"what variables exist",[36,34673,34674],{},"what functions you have defined",[36,34676,34677],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34679,34680],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[52,34682,34684],{"id":34683},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34686,34687,34688,34690],{},"When you first use ",[15,34689,34080],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34692,923],{},[57,34694,34695],{"className":59,"code":34449,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,34696,34697,34709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34698,34699,34701,34703,34705,34707],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34700,73],{"class":72},[66,34702,77],{"class":76},[66,34704,81],{"class":80},[66,34706,939],{"class":84},[66,34708,88],{"class":80},[66,34710,34711,34713,34715,34717,34719,34721],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34712,138],{"class":137},[66,34714,110],{"class":102},[66,34716,34141],{"class":137},[66,34718,110],{"class":102},[66,34720,349],{"class":106},[66,34722,1330],{"class":102},[20,34724,34725],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[33,34727,34728,34732,34736],{},[36,34729,34730],{},[15,34731,34179],{},[36,34733,34734],{},[15,34735,34215],{},[36,34737,34738],{},[15,34739,34740],{},"__len__",[20,34742,34743],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34745,34746],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[33,34748,34749,34753,34757,34761],{},[36,34750,34751],{},[15,34752,34246],{},[36,34754,34755],{},[15,34756,8399],{},[36,34758,34759],{},[15,34760,34237],{},[36,34762,34763],{},[15,34764,107],{},[20,34766,34767],{},"A key point to remember:",[33,34769,34770,34778],{},[36,34771,34772,34774,34775],{},[15,34773,34080],{}," lists ",[398,34776,34777],{},"names only",[36,34779,34780,34781,34783],{},"it does ",[398,34782,4383],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34785,34786,34787,103],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[200,34788,34790],{"href":34789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34791,34792],{},"help()",[20,34794,5226],{},[57,34796,34798],{"className":59,"code":34797,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34799,34800,34812],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34801,34802,34804,34806,34808,34810],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34803,7633],{"class":72},[66,34805,77],{"class":76},[66,34807,81],{"class":80},[66,34809,939],{"class":84},[66,34811,88],{"class":80},[66,34813,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822,34824],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34815,31920],{"class":137},[66,34817,110],{"class":102},[66,34819,7423],{"class":106},[66,34821,103],{"class":102},[66,34823,34246],{"class":24515},[66,34825,131],{"class":102},[52,34827,34829,34831],{"id":34828},"dir-on-modules",[15,34830,34080],{}," on modules",[20,34833,15476,34834,34836],{},[15,34835,34080],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34838,34839],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[258,34841,34843,34844,34846],{"id":34842},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34845,18179],{}," module",[57,34848,34850],{"className":59,"code":34849,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34851,34852,34860,34864],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34853,34854,34857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34855,34856],{"class":3627},"import",[66,34858,34859],{"class":72}," math\n",[66,34861,34862],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34863,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,34865,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874,34876],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,34867,138],{"class":137},[66,34869,110],{"class":102},[66,34871,34141],{"class":137},[66,34873,110],{"class":102},[66,34875,18179],{"class":106},[66,34877,1330],{"class":102},[20,34879,34880],{},"You may see names like:",[33,34882,34883,34888,34893,34898],{},[36,34884,34885],{},[15,34886,34887],{},"sqrt",[36,34889,34890],{},[15,34891,34892],{},"ceil",[36,34894,34895],{},[15,34896,34897],{},"floor",[36,34899,34900],{},[15,34901,34902],{},"pi",[20,34904,34905],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34907,34908],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[33,34910,34911,34917],{},[36,34912,34913],{},[200,34914,34916],{"href":34915},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[36,34918,34919],{},[200,34920,34922],{"href":34921},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[258,34924,34926],{"id":34925},"another-example","Another example",[57,34928,34930],{"className":59,"code":34929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34931,34932,34939,34943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34933,34934,34936],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34935,34856],{"class":3627},[66,34937,34938],{"class":72}," json\n",[66,34940,34941],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,34942,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,34944,34945,34947,34949,34951,34953,34956],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,34946,138],{"class":137},[66,34948,110],{"class":102},[66,34950,34141],{"class":137},[66,34952,110],{"class":102},[66,34954,34955],{"class":106},"json",[66,34957,1330],{"class":102},[20,34959,34960,34961,1923,34964,1923,34967,16835,34970,103],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34962,34963],{},"dump",[15,34965,34966],{},"dumps",[15,34968,34969],{},"load",[15,34971,34972],{},"loads",[52,34974,34976,10348,34978],{"id":34975},"dir-vs-help",[15,34977,34080],{},[15,34979,34792],{},[20,34981,34982,798,34984,34986],{},[15,34983,34080],{},[15,34985,34792],{}," are often used together.",[258,34988,34989],{"id":34141},[15,34990,34080],{},[33,34992,34993,34996],{},[36,34994,34995],{},"shows available names",[36,34997,34998],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[258,35000,35001],{"id":31920},[15,35002,34792],{},[33,35004,35005,35008],{},[36,35006,35007],{},"explains what an object or function does",[36,35009,35010],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35012,35013],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[57,35015,35017],{"className":59,"code":35016,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35018,35019,35031,35035,35049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35020,35021,35023,35025,35027,35029],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35022,7633],{"class":72},[66,35024,77],{"class":76},[66,35026,81],{"class":80},[66,35028,939],{"class":84},[66,35030,88],{"class":80},[66,35032,35033],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35034,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,35036,35037,35039,35041,35043,35045,35047],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35038,138],{"class":137},[66,35040,110],{"class":102},[66,35042,34141],{"class":137},[66,35044,110],{"class":102},[66,35046,7423],{"class":106},[66,35048,1330],{"class":102},[66,35050,35051,35053,35055,35057,35059,35061],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,35052,31920],{"class":137},[66,35054,110],{"class":102},[66,35056,7423],{"class":106},[66,35058,103],{"class":102},[66,35060,34246],{"class":24515},[66,35062,131],{"class":102},[20,35064,160,35065,35067,35068,35070,35071,35073],{},[15,35066,34080],{}," first to find a method name.",[9608,35069],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35072,34792],{}," to understand how to use it.",[52,35075,25123],{"id":25122},[20,35077,35078],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[258,35080,35082,35084],{"id":35081},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35083,34080],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35086,35087,35089],{},[15,35088,34080],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35091,35092,35093,35095,35096,35099],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35094,34246],{}," in ",[15,35097,35098],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[258,35101,35103],{"id":35102},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35105,35106],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35108,35109],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[258,35111,35113],{"id":35112},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35115,35116],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35118,5226],{},[33,35120,35121,35126,35132],{},[36,35122,35123,35125],{},[15,35124,35098],{}," shows string-related names",[36,35127,35128,35131],{},[15,35129,35130],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[36,35133,35134,35137,35138,34846],{},[15,35135,35136],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35139,18179],{},[258,35141,35143],{"id":35142},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35145,35146,35147,35149],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35148,34080],{}," does not mean you already know:",[33,35151,35152,35155,35158],{},[36,35153,35154],{},"what it does",[36,35156,35157],{},"what arguments it needs",[36,35159,35160],{},"what it returns",[20,35162,35163,35164,35166],{},"That is why ",[15,35165,34792],{}," is the natural next step.",[52,35168,2568],{"id":2567},[20,35170,35171,35172,35174],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35173,34080],{}," in these situations:",[33,35176,35177,35180,35189,35192],{},[36,35178,35179],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[36,35181,35182,35183,35188],{},"Seeing an ",[200,35184,35186],{"href":35185},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35187,25437],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[36,35190,35191],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[36,35193,8176,35194,35196,35197],{},[15,35195,34080],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35198,34792],{},[20,35200,35201],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[57,35203,35205],{"className":59,"code":35204,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35206,35207,35219,35223,35237,35251],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35208,35209,35211,35213,35215,35217],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35210,7633],{"class":72},[66,35212,77],{"class":76},[66,35214,81],{"class":80},[66,35216,939],{"class":84},[66,35218,88],{"class":80},[66,35220,35221],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35222,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,35224,35225,35227,35229,35231,35233,35235],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35226,138],{"class":137},[66,35228,110],{"class":102},[66,35230,2964],{"class":2641},[66,35232,110],{"class":102},[66,35234,7423],{"class":106},[66,35236,1330],{"class":102},[66,35238,35239,35241,35243,35245,35247,35249],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,35240,138],{"class":137},[66,35242,110],{"class":102},[66,35244,34141],{"class":137},[66,35246,110],{"class":102},[66,35248,7423],{"class":106},[66,35250,1330],{"class":102},[66,35252,35253,35255,35257,35259,35261,35263],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,35254,31920],{"class":137},[66,35256,110],{"class":102},[66,35258,7423],{"class":106},[66,35260,103],{"class":102},[66,35262,34246],{"class":24515},[66,35264,131],{"class":102},[20,35266,35267],{},"And for modules:",[57,35269,35270],{"className":59,"code":34849,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,35271,35272,35278,35282],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35273,35274,35276],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35275,34856],{"class":3627},[66,35277,34859],{"class":72},[66,35279,35280],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35281,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,35283,35284,35286,35288,35290,35292,35294],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35285,138],{"class":137},[66,35287,110],{"class":102},[66,35289,34141],{"class":137},[66,35291,110],{"class":102},[66,35293,18179],{"class":106},[66,35295,1330],{"class":102},[20,35297,35298],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[57,35300,35302],{"className":59,"code":35301,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35303,35304,35309,35321,35331,35345,35351],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35305,35306],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35307,35308],{"class":72},"python\n",[66,35310,35311,35313,35315,35317,35319],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35312,7633],{"class":72},[66,35314,77],{"class":76},[66,35316,81],{"class":80},[66,35318,939],{"class":84},[66,35320,88],{"class":80},[66,35322,35323,35325,35327,35329],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35324,34141],{"class":137},[66,35326,110],{"class":102},[66,35328,7423],{"class":106},[66,35330,131],{"class":102},[66,35332,35333,35335,35337,35339,35341,35343],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,35334,31920],{"class":137},[66,35336,110],{"class":102},[66,35338,7423],{"class":106},[66,35340,103],{"class":102},[66,35342,34246],{"class":24515},[66,35344,131],{"class":102},[66,35346,35347,35349],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,35348,34856],{"class":3627},[66,35350,34859],{"class":72},[66,35352,35353,35355,35357,35359],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,35354,34141],{"class":137},[66,35356,110],{"class":102},[66,35358,18179],{"class":106},[66,35360,131],{"class":102},[52,35362,1518],{"id":1517},[258,35364,4897,35366,4900],{"id":35365},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35367,34080],{},[20,35369,35370],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[258,35372,4934,35374,798,35376,2228],{"id":35373},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35375,34080],{},[15,35377,34792],{},[20,35379,35380,35382,35383,35385],{},[15,35381,34080],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35384,34792],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[258,35387,35389,35390,35392],{"id":35388},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35391,34080],{}," output?",[20,35394,35395],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[258,35397,1573,35399,35401,35402,2228],{"id":35398},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35400,34080],{}," help fix ",[15,35403,25437],{},[20,35405,35406,35407,103],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[200,35408,35409],{"href":35185},"object has no attribute",[52,35411,1620],{"id":1619},[33,35413,35414,35420,35425,35429,35433],{},[36,35415,35416],{},[200,35417,3321,35418,3254],{"href":34789},[15,35419,34792],{},[36,35421,35422],{},[200,35423,35424],{"href":35185},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[36,35426,35427],{},[200,35428,34916],{"href":34915},[36,35430,35431],{},[200,35432,34922],{"href":34921},[36,35434,35435],{},[200,35436,3321,35437,3254],{"href":34575},[15,35438,2035],{},[20,35440,35441,35442,35444,35445,35447],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35443,34080],{}," together with ",[15,35446,34792],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1651,35449,35450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":35452},[35453,35454,35456,35461,35466,35468,35469,35475,35480,35487,35488,35498],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":34256,"depth":91,"text":35455},"What dir() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":35457},[35458,35460],{"id":34309,"depth":134,"text":35459},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34365,"depth":134,"text":34152},{"id":34433,"depth":91,"text":35462,"children":35463},"Using dir() with a value",[35464,35465],{"id":34445,"depth":134,"text":34446},{"id":34504,"depth":134,"text":34505},{"id":34584,"depth":91,"text":35467},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34683,"depth":91,"text":34684},{"id":34828,"depth":91,"text":35470,"children":35471},"dir() on modules",[35472,35474],{"id":34842,"depth":134,"text":35473},"Example: math module",{"id":34925,"depth":134,"text":34926},{"id":34975,"depth":91,"text":35476,"children":35477},"dir() vs help()",[35478,35479],{"id":34141,"depth":134,"text":34080},{"id":31920,"depth":134,"text":34792},{"id":25122,"depth":91,"text":25123,"children":35481},[35482,35484,35485,35486],{"id":35081,"depth":134,"text":35483},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35102,"depth":134,"text":35103},{"id":35112,"depth":134,"text":35113},{"id":35142,"depth":134,"text":35143},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":35489},[35490,35492,35494,35496],{"id":35365,"depth":134,"text":35491},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35373,"depth":134,"text":35493},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35388,"depth":134,"text":35495},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35398,"depth":134,"text":35497},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34072,"description":35499},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35506,"title":35507,"body":35508,"description":37325,"extension":1694,"meta":37326,"navigation":338,"path":37327,"seo":37328,"stem":37329,"__hash__":37330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35509,"toc":37294},[35510,35516,35521,35524,35532,35538,35540,35620,35622,35648,35653,35658,35663,35666,35677,35680,35682,35761,35763,35789,35796,35798,35800,35825,35828,35841,35846,35848,35929,35931,35957,35966,35971,35979,35985,35992,35995,35997,36076,36079,36136,36138,36175,36181,36186,36191,36194,36208,36210,36313,36315,36358,36367,36377,36384,36389,36396,36479,36481,36504,36507,36510,36512,36516,36520,36523,36586,36609,36612,36616,36622,36624,36691,36694,36771,36776,36782,36785,36788,36833,36835,36859,36864,36868,36873,36879,36942,36945,36947,36950,36974,36977,37112,37114,37215,37217,37222,37225,37231,37241,37249,37254,37260,37266,37268,37291],[10,35511,3321,35513,3325],{"id":35512},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35514,35515],{},"enumerate()",[20,35517,35518,35520],{},[15,35519,35515],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35522,35523],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[33,35525,35526,35529],{},[36,35527,35528],{},"the item itself",[36,35530,35531],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35533,35534,35535,35537],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35536,35515],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[52,35539,55],{"id":54},[57,35541,35543],{"className":59,"code":35542,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35544,35545,35577,35581,35604],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35546,35547,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557,35559,35561,35563,35565,35567,35569,35571,35573,35575],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35548,12838],{"class":72},[66,35550,77],{"class":76},[66,35552,3370],{"class":102},[66,35554,113],{"class":80},[66,35556,1392],{"class":84},[66,35558,113],{"class":80},[66,35560,121],{"class":102},[66,35562,81],{"class":80},[66,35564,17217],{"class":84},[66,35566,113],{"class":80},[66,35568,121],{"class":102},[66,35570,81],{"class":80},[66,35572,1401],{"class":84},[66,35574,113],{"class":80},[66,35576,3383],{"class":102},[66,35578,35579],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35580,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,35582,35583,35585,35588,35590,35593,35595,35598,35600,35602],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35584,5710],{"class":3627},[66,35586,35587],{"class":72}," index",[66,35589,121],{"class":102},[66,35591,35592],{"class":72}," color ",[66,35594,3634],{"class":3627},[66,35596,35597],{"class":137}," enumerate",[66,35599,110],{"class":102},[66,35601,17264],{"class":106},[66,35603,8100],{"class":102},[66,35605,35606,35608,35610,35613,35615,35618],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,35607,7826],{"class":137},[66,35609,110],{"class":102},[66,35611,35612],{"class":106},"index",[66,35614,121],{"class":102},[66,35616,35617],{"class":106}," color",[66,35619,131],{"class":102},[20,35621,148],{},[57,35623,35625],{"className":59,"code":35624,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35626,35627,35634,35641],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35628,35629,35631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35630,1852],{"class":478},[66,35632,35633],{"class":72}," red\n",[66,35635,35636,35638],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35637,2729],{"class":478},[66,35639,35640],{"class":72}," green\n",[66,35642,35643,35645],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35644,1788],{"class":478},[66,35646,35647],{"class":72}," blue\n",[20,35649,160,35650,35652],{},[15,35651,35515],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[52,35654,168,35656,41],{"id":35655},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35657,35515],{},[20,35659,35660,35662],{},[15,35661,35515],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35664,35665],{},"It is commonly used with:",[33,35667,35668,35670,35672,35674],{},[36,35669,5055],{},[36,35671,5058],{},[36,35673,5064],{},[36,35675,35676],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35678,35679],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35681,923],{},[57,35683,35685],{"className":59,"code":35684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35686,35687,35721,35725,35746],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35688,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705,35708,35710,35712,35714,35717,35719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35690,4749],{"class":72},[66,35692,77],{"class":76},[66,35694,3370],{"class":102},[66,35696,113],{"class":80},[66,35698,12643],{"class":84},[66,35700,113],{"class":80},[66,35702,121],{"class":102},[66,35704,81],{"class":80},[66,35706,35707],{"class":84},"Ben",[66,35709,113],{"class":80},[66,35711,121],{"class":102},[66,35713,81],{"class":80},[66,35715,35716],{"class":84},"Cara",[66,35718,113],{"class":80},[66,35720,3383],{"class":102},[66,35722,35723],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35724,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,35726,35727,35729,35731,35733,35736,35738,35740,35742,35744],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35728,5710],{"class":3627},[66,35730,35587],{"class":72},[66,35732,121],{"class":102},[66,35734,35735],{"class":72}," name ",[66,35737,3634],{"class":3627},[66,35739,35597],{"class":137},[66,35741,110],{"class":102},[66,35743,4793],{"class":106},[66,35745,8100],{"class":102},[66,35747,35748,35750,35752,35754,35756,35759],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,35749,7826],{"class":137},[66,35751,110],{"class":102},[66,35753,35612],{"class":106},[66,35755,121],{"class":102},[66,35757,35758],{"class":106}," name",[66,35760,131],{"class":102},[20,35762,148],{},[57,35764,35766],{"className":59,"code":35765,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35767,35768,35775,35782],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35769,35770,35772],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35771,1852],{"class":478},[66,35773,35774],{"class":72}," Ana\n",[66,35776,35777,35779],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35778,2729],{"class":478},[66,35780,35781],{"class":72}," Ben\n",[66,35783,35784,35786],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35785,1788],{"class":478},[66,35787,35788],{"class":72}," Cara\n",[20,35790,35791,35792,103],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[200,35793,35795],{"href":35794},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[52,35797,1891],{"id":1890},[20,35799,1894],{},[57,35801,35803],{"className":59,"code":35802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35804,35805],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35806,35807,35810,35812,35814,35816,35819,35821,35823],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35808,35809],{"class":137},"enumerate",[66,35811,110],{"class":102},[66,35813,3470],{"class":106},[66,35815,121],{"class":102},[66,35817,35818],{"class":8936}," start",[66,35820,77],{"class":76},[66,35822,1852],{"class":478},[66,35824,131],{"class":102},[20,35826,35827],{},"It has two parts:",[33,35829,35830,35835],{},[36,35831,35832,35834],{},[15,35833,3470],{},": the object you want to loop through",[36,35836,35837,35840],{},[15,35838,35839],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35842,35843,35844,103],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35845,1852],{},[20,35847,923],{},[57,35849,35851],{"className":59,"code":35850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35852,35853,35886,35890,35913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35854,35855,35858,35860,35862,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872,35874,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35856,35857],{"class":72},"letters ",[66,35859,77],{"class":76},[66,35861,3370],{"class":102},[66,35863,113],{"class":80},[66,35865,200],{"class":84},[66,35867,113],{"class":80},[66,35869,121],{"class":102},[66,35871,81],{"class":80},[66,35873,4514],{"class":84},[66,35875,113],{"class":80},[66,35877,121],{"class":102},[66,35879,81],{"class":80},[66,35881,9501],{"class":84},[66,35883,113],{"class":80},[66,35885,3383],{"class":102},[66,35887,35888],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35889,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,35891,35892,35894,35897,35899,35902,35904,35906,35908,35911],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35893,5710],{"class":3627},[66,35895,35896],{"class":72}," i",[66,35898,121],{"class":102},[66,35900,35901],{"class":72}," letter ",[66,35903,3634],{"class":3627},[66,35905,35597],{"class":137},[66,35907,110],{"class":102},[66,35909,35910],{"class":106},"letters",[66,35912,8100],{"class":102},[66,35914,35915,35917,35919,35922,35924,35927],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,35916,7826],{"class":137},[66,35918,110],{"class":102},[66,35920,35921],{"class":106},"i",[66,35923,121],{"class":102},[66,35925,35926],{"class":106}," letter",[66,35928,131],{"class":102},[20,35930,148],{},[57,35932,35934],{"className":59,"code":35933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35935,35936,35943,35950],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35937,35938,35940],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35939,1852],{"class":478},[66,35941,35942],{"class":72}," a\n",[66,35944,35945,35947],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,35946,2729],{"class":478},[66,35948,35949],{"class":72}," b\n",[66,35951,35952,35954],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,35953,1788],{"class":478},[66,35955,35956],{"class":72}," c\n",[20,35958,35959,35960,103],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[200,35961,3321,35963,3254],{"href":35962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35964,35965],{},"range()",[52,35967,168,35969,904],{"id":35968},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35970,35515],{},[20,35972,35973,35975,35976,103],{},[15,35974,35515],{}," returns an ",[398,35977,35978],{},"enumerate object",[20,35980,35981,35982,35984],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35983,5710],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[33,35986,35987],{},[36,35988,35989],{},[15,35990,35991],{},"(index, item)",[20,35993,35994],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35996,923],{},[57,35998,36000],{"className":59,"code":35999,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36001,36002,36035,36039,36061],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36003,36004,36007,36009,36011,36013,36015,36017,36019,36021,36023,36025,36027,36029,36031,36033],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36005,36006],{"class":72},"fruits ",[66,36008,77],{"class":76},[66,36010,3370],{"class":102},[66,36012,113],{"class":80},[66,36014,3832],{"class":84},[66,36016,113],{"class":80},[66,36018,121],{"class":102},[66,36020,81],{"class":80},[66,36022,627],{"class":84},[66,36024,113],{"class":80},[66,36026,121],{"class":102},[66,36028,81],{"class":80},[66,36030,32989],{"class":84},[66,36032,113],{"class":80},[66,36034,3383],{"class":102},[66,36036,36037],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36038,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36040,36041,36043,36045,36047,36050,36052,36054,36056,36059],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36042,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36044,35587],{"class":72},[66,36046,121],{"class":102},[66,36048,36049],{"class":72}," fruit ",[66,36051,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36053,35597],{"class":137},[66,36055,110],{"class":102},[66,36057,36058],{"class":106},"fruits",[66,36060,8100],{"class":102},[66,36062,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36074],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36064,7826],{"class":137},[66,36066,110],{"class":102},[66,36068,35612],{"class":106},[66,36070,121],{"class":102},[66,36072,36073],{"class":106}," fruit",[66,36075,131],{"class":102},[20,36077,36078],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[57,36080,36082],{"className":59,"code":36081,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36083,36084,36104,36108,36126],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36085,36086,36088,36090,36092,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36087,3365],{"class":72},[66,36089,77],{"class":76},[66,36091,3370],{"class":102},[66,36093,2064],{"class":478},[66,36095,121],{"class":102},[66,36097,7546],{"class":478},[66,36099,121],{"class":102},[66,36101,7551],{"class":478},[66,36103,3383],{"class":102},[66,36105,36106],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36107,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36109,36110,36112,36114,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36111,447],{"class":72},[66,36113,77],{"class":76},[66,36115,22324],{"class":2641},[66,36117,110],{"class":102},[66,36119,35809],{"class":137},[66,36121,110],{"class":102},[66,36123,3397],{"class":106},[66,36125,1330],{"class":102},[66,36127,36128,36130,36132,36134],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36129,138],{"class":137},[66,36131,110],{"class":102},[66,36133,494],{"class":106},[66,36135,131],{"class":102},[20,36137,148],{},[57,36139,36141],{"className":59,"code":36140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36142,36143],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36144,36145,36147,36149,36151,36153,36155,36157,36159,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36146,21504],{"class":102},[66,36148,1852],{"class":478},[66,36150,121],{"class":102},[66,36152,5757],{"class":478},[66,36154,8994],{"class":102},[66,36156,8997],{"class":102},[66,36158,2729],{"class":478},[66,36160,121],{"class":102},[66,36162,7546],{"class":478},[66,36164,8994],{"class":102},[66,36166,8997],{"class":102},[66,36168,1788],{"class":478},[66,36170,121],{"class":102},[66,36172,7551],{"class":478},[66,36174,9010],{"class":102},[20,36176,36177,36178,36180],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36179,35515],{}," produces.",[52,36182,4715,36184],{"id":36183},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36185,35515],{},[20,36187,160,36188,36190],{},[15,36189,35515],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36192,36193],{},"Common cases:",[33,36195,36196,36199,36202,36205],{},[36,36197,36198],{},"printing numbered output",[36,36200,36201],{},"building menus",[36,36203,36204],{},"showing positions in a list",[36,36206,36207],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36209,923],{},[57,36211,36213],{"className":59,"code":36212,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36214,36215,36250,36254,36284],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36216,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225,36228,36230,36232,36234,36237,36239,36241,36243,36246,36248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36218,29664],{"class":72},[66,36220,77],{"class":76},[66,36222,3370],{"class":102},[66,36224,113],{"class":80},[66,36226,36227],{"class":84},"Wash dishes",[66,36229,113],{"class":80},[66,36231,121],{"class":102},[66,36233,81],{"class":80},[66,36235,36236],{"class":84},"Study Python",[66,36238,113],{"class":80},[66,36240,121],{"class":102},[66,36242,81],{"class":80},[66,36244,36245],{"class":84},"Go for a walk",[66,36247,113],{"class":80},[66,36249,3383],{"class":102},[66,36251,36252],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36253,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36255,36256,36258,36260,36262,36265,36267,36269,36271,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36257,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36259,1931],{"class":72},[66,36261,121],{"class":102},[66,36263,36264],{"class":72}," task ",[66,36266,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36268,35597],{"class":137},[66,36270,110],{"class":102},[66,36272,36273],{"class":106},"tasks",[66,36275,121],{"class":102},[66,36277,35818],{"class":8936},[66,36279,77],{"class":76},[66,36281,2729],{"class":478},[66,36283,8100],{"class":102},[66,36285,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300,36302,36304,36307,36309,36311],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36287,7826],{"class":137},[66,36289,110],{"class":102},[66,36291,22058],{"class":1797},[66,36293,113],{"class":84},[66,36295,9039],{"class":478},[66,36297,1973],{"class":106},[66,36299,22067],{"class":478},[66,36301,28079],{"class":84},[66,36303,9039],{"class":478},[66,36305,36306],{"class":106},"task",[66,36308,22067],{"class":478},[66,36310,113],{"class":84},[66,36312,131],{"class":102},[20,36314,148],{},[57,36316,36318],{"className":59,"code":36317,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36319,36320,36332,36344],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36321,36322,36324,36326,36329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36323,2729],{"class":478},[66,36325,103],{"class":102},[66,36327,36328],{"class":24515}," Wash",[66,36330,36331],{"class":72}," dishes\n",[66,36333,36334,36336,36338,36341],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36335,1788],{"class":478},[66,36337,103],{"class":102},[66,36339,36340],{"class":24515}," Study",[66,36342,36343],{"class":72}," Python\n",[66,36345,36346,36348,36350,36353,36355],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36347,1794],{"class":478},[66,36349,103],{"class":102},[66,36351,36352],{"class":24515}," Go",[66,36354,3628],{"class":3627},[66,36356,36357],{"class":72}," a walk\n",[20,36359,36360,36361,36363,36364,103],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36362,35515],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36365,36366],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36368,36369,36370,103],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[200,36371,36373,36374,36376],{"href":36372},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36375,35515],{}," in Python",[52,36378,36380,36381,36383],{"id":36379},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36382,35839],{}," argument",[20,36385,36386,36387,420],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36388,35839],{},[20,36390,36391,36392,10854,36394,1111],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36393,2729],{},[15,36395,1852],{},[57,36397,36399],{"className":59,"code":36398,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36400,36401,36433,36437,36465],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36402,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36404,12838],{"class":72},[66,36406,77],{"class":76},[66,36408,3370],{"class":102},[66,36410,113],{"class":80},[66,36412,1392],{"class":84},[66,36414,113],{"class":80},[66,36416,121],{"class":102},[66,36418,81],{"class":80},[66,36420,17217],{"class":84},[66,36422,113],{"class":80},[66,36424,121],{"class":102},[66,36426,81],{"class":80},[66,36428,1401],{"class":84},[66,36430,113],{"class":80},[66,36432,3383],{"class":102},[66,36434,36435],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36436,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36438,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36440,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36442,35587],{"class":72},[66,36444,121],{"class":102},[66,36446,35592],{"class":72},[66,36448,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36450,35597],{"class":137},[66,36452,110],{"class":102},[66,36454,17264],{"class":106},[66,36456,121],{"class":102},[66,36458,35818],{"class":8936},[66,36460,77],{"class":76},[66,36462,2729],{"class":478},[66,36464,8100],{"class":102},[66,36466,36467,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36468,7826],{"class":137},[66,36470,110],{"class":102},[66,36472,35612],{"class":106},[66,36474,121],{"class":102},[66,36476,35617],{"class":106},[66,36478,131],{"class":102},[20,36480,148],{},[57,36482,36484],{"className":59,"code":36483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36485,36486,36492,36498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36487,36488,36490],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36489,2729],{"class":478},[66,36491,35633],{"class":72},[66,36493,36494,36496],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36495,1788],{"class":478},[66,36497,35640],{"class":72},[66,36499,36500,36502],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36501,1794],{"class":478},[66,36503,35647],{"class":72},[20,36505,36506],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36508,36509],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[52,36511,25123],{"id":25122},[20,36513,25126,36514,103],{},[15,36515,35515],{},[258,36517,36519],{"id":36518},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36521,36522],{},"In this loop:",[57,36524,36526],{"className":59,"code":36525,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36527,36528,36548,36552,36572],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36529,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36531,3365],{"class":72},[66,36533,77],{"class":76},[66,36535,3370],{"class":102},[66,36537,2064],{"class":478},[66,36539,121],{"class":102},[66,36541,7546],{"class":478},[66,36543,121],{"class":102},[66,36545,7551],{"class":478},[66,36547,3383],{"class":102},[66,36549,36550],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36551,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36553,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36555,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36557,35587],{"class":72},[66,36559,121],{"class":102},[66,36561,21348],{"class":72},[66,36563,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36565,35597],{"class":137},[66,36567,110],{"class":102},[66,36569,3397],{"class":106},[66,36571,8100],{"class":102},[66,36573,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36575,7826],{"class":137},[66,36577,110],{"class":102},[66,36579,35612],{"class":106},[66,36581,121],{"class":102},[66,36583,8192],{"class":106},[66,36585,131],{"class":102},[33,36587,36588,36598],{},[36,36589,36590,4537,36592,1923,36594,1923,36596],{},[15,36591,35612],{},[15,36593,1852],{},[15,36595,2729],{},[15,36597,1788],{},[36,36599,36600,4537,36602,1923,36604,1923,36606],{},[15,36601,2208],{},[15,36603,2064],{},[15,36605,15516],{},[15,36607,36608],{},"30",[20,36610,36611],{},"These are different things.",[258,36613,36615],{"id":36614},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36617,36618,36619,36621],{},"Each item from ",[15,36620,35515],{}," is a pair.",[20,36623,6442],{},[57,36625,36627],{"className":59,"code":36626,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36628,36629,36653,36657,36677],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36630,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36632,7535],{"class":72},[66,36634,77],{"class":76},[66,36636,3370],{"class":102},[66,36638,113],{"class":80},[66,36640,960],{"class":84},[66,36642,113],{"class":80},[66,36644,121],{"class":102},[66,36646,81],{"class":80},[66,36648,969],{"class":84},[66,36650,113],{"class":80},[66,36652,3383],{"class":102},[66,36654,36655],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36656,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36658,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36660,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36662,35896],{"class":72},[66,36664,121],{"class":102},[66,36666,5713],{"class":72},[66,36668,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36670,35597],{"class":137},[66,36672,110],{"class":102},[66,36674,7566],{"class":106},[66,36676,8100],{"class":102},[66,36678,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36680,7826],{"class":137},[66,36682,110],{"class":102},[66,36684,35921],{"class":106},[66,36686,121],{"class":102},[66,36688,29273],{"class":106},[66,36690,131],{"class":102},[20,36692,36693],{},"But this causes an error:",[57,36695,36697],{"className":59,"code":36696,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36698,36699,36723,36727,36752],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36700,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36702,7535],{"class":72},[66,36704,77],{"class":76},[66,36706,3370],{"class":102},[66,36708,113],{"class":80},[66,36710,960],{"class":84},[66,36712,113],{"class":80},[66,36714,121],{"class":102},[66,36716,81],{"class":80},[66,36718,969],{"class":84},[66,36720,113],{"class":80},[66,36722,3383],{"class":102},[66,36724,36725],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36726,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36728,36729,36731,36733,36735,36737,36739,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36730,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36732,35896],{"class":72},[66,36734,121],{"class":102},[66,36736,29273],{"class":72},[66,36738,121],{"class":102},[66,36740,36741],{"class":72}," extra ",[66,36743,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36745,35597],{"class":137},[66,36747,110],{"class":102},[66,36749,7566],{"class":106},[66,36751,8100],{"class":102},[66,36753,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36769],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36755,7826],{"class":137},[66,36757,110],{"class":102},[66,36759,35921],{"class":106},[66,36761,121],{"class":102},[66,36763,29273],{"class":106},[66,36765,121],{"class":102},[66,36767,36768],{"class":106}," extra",[66,36770,131],{"class":102},[20,36772,28827,36773,36775],{},[15,36774,35515],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[258,36777,36779,36781],{"id":36778},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36780,35515],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36783,36784],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36786,36787],{},"Example with a string:",[57,36789,36791],{"className":59,"code":36790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36792,36793,36818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36794,36795,36797,36799,36801,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36796,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36798,35587],{"class":72},[66,36800,121],{"class":102},[66,36802,36803],{"class":72}," char ",[66,36805,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36807,35597],{"class":137},[66,36809,110],{"class":102},[66,36811,113],{"class":80},[66,36813,462],{"class":84},[66,36815,113],{"class":80},[66,36817,8100],{"class":102},[66,36819,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36831],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36821,7826],{"class":137},[66,36823,110],{"class":102},[66,36825,35612],{"class":106},[66,36827,121],{"class":102},[66,36829,36830],{"class":106}," char",[66,36832,131],{"class":102},[20,36834,148],{},[57,36836,36838],{"className":59,"code":36837,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36839,36840,36846,36852],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36841,36842,36844],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36843,1852],{"class":478},[66,36845,35956],{"class":72},[66,36847,36848,36850],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36849,2729],{"class":478},[66,36851,35942],{"class":72},[66,36853,36854,36856],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36855,1788],{"class":478},[66,36857,36858],{"class":72}," t\n",[20,36860,36861,36862,103],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[200,36863,4891],{"href":5340},[258,36865,36867],{"id":36866},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36869,36870,36871,103],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36872,35515],{},[20,36874,36875,36876,36878],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36877,5710],{}," loop:",[57,36880,36882],{"className":59,"code":36881,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36883,36884,36916,36920,36932],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36885,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36887,12838],{"class":72},[66,36889,77],{"class":76},[66,36891,3370],{"class":102},[66,36893,113],{"class":80},[66,36895,1392],{"class":84},[66,36897,113],{"class":80},[66,36899,121],{"class":102},[66,36901,81],{"class":80},[66,36903,17217],{"class":84},[66,36905,113],{"class":80},[66,36907,121],{"class":102},[66,36909,81],{"class":80},[66,36911,1401],{"class":84},[66,36913,113],{"class":80},[66,36915,3383],{"class":102},[66,36917,36918],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,36919,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,36921,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,36923,5710],{"class":3627},[66,36925,35592],{"class":72},[66,36927,3634],{"class":3627},[66,36929,12884],{"class":72},[66,36931,6146],{"class":102},[66,36933,36934,36936,36938,36940],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,36935,7826],{"class":137},[66,36937,110],{"class":102},[66,36939,32659],{"class":106},[66,36941,131],{"class":102},[20,36943,36944],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[52,36946,2568],{"id":2567},[20,36948,36949],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[33,36951,36952,36957,36963,36968],{},[36,36953,22865,36954,36956],{},[15,36955,35515],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[36,36958,36959,36960,36962],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36961,1852],{}," by default",[36,36964,8176,36965,36967],{},[15,36966,35515],{}," when only values are needed",[36,36969,1128,36970,8464,36972],{},[15,36971,35515],{},[15,36973,35965],{},[20,36975,36976],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[57,36978,36980],{"className":59,"code":36979,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36981,36982,37004,37031,37065,37098],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36983,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36985,138],{"class":137},[66,36987,110],{"class":102},[66,36989,35809],{"class":137},[66,36991,2726],{"class":102},[66,36993,2064],{"class":478},[66,36995,121],{"class":102},[66,36997,7546],{"class":478},[66,36999,121],{"class":102},[66,37001,7551],{"class":478},[66,37003,2740],{"class":102},[66,37005,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,37007,138],{"class":137},[66,37009,110],{"class":102},[66,37011,7851],{"class":2641},[66,37013,110],{"class":102},[66,37015,35809],{"class":137},[66,37017,2726],{"class":102},[66,37019,2064],{"class":478},[66,37021,121],{"class":102},[66,37023,7546],{"class":478},[66,37025,121],{"class":102},[66,37027,7551],{"class":478},[66,37029,37030],{"class":102},"])))\n",[66,37032,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,37034,138],{"class":137},[66,37036,110],{"class":102},[66,37038,7851],{"class":2641},[66,37040,110],{"class":102},[66,37042,35809],{"class":137},[66,37044,2726],{"class":102},[66,37046,2064],{"class":478},[66,37048,121],{"class":102},[66,37050,7546],{"class":478},[66,37052,121],{"class":102},[66,37054,7551],{"class":478},[66,37056,17824],{"class":102},[66,37058,35818],{"class":8936},[66,37060,77],{"class":76},[66,37062,2729],{"class":478},[66,37064,2652],{"class":102},[66,37066,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,37068,5710],{"class":3627},[66,37070,35896],{"class":72},[66,37072,121],{"class":102},[66,37074,21348],{"class":72},[66,37076,3634],{"class":3627},[66,37078,35597],{"class":137},[66,37080,2726],{"class":102},[66,37082,3044],{"class":80},[66,37084,200],{"class":84},[66,37086,3044],{"class":80},[66,37088,121],{"class":102},[66,37090,3039],{"class":80},[66,37092,4514],{"class":84},[66,37094,3044],{"class":80},[66,37096,37097],{"class":102},"]):\n",[66,37099,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,37101,7826],{"class":137},[66,37103,110],{"class":102},[66,37105,35921],{"class":106},[66,37107,121],{"class":102},[66,37109,8192],{"class":106},[66,37111,131],{"class":102},[20,37113,16721],{},[57,37115,37117],{"className":59,"code":37116,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37118,37119,37139,37171,37203,37209],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37120,37121,37123,37125,37127,37130,37134,37137],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37122,3033],{"class":76},[66,37124,35809],{"class":137},[66,37126,24382],{"class":2641},[66,37128,37129],{"class":72}," at ",[66,37131,37133],{"class":37132},"srjyR","0x",[66,37135,37136],{"class":879},"...",[66,37138,3047],{"class":76},[66,37140,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,37142,21504],{"class":102},[66,37144,1852],{"class":478},[66,37146,121],{"class":102},[66,37148,5757],{"class":478},[66,37150,8994],{"class":102},[66,37152,8997],{"class":102},[66,37154,2729],{"class":478},[66,37156,121],{"class":102},[66,37158,7546],{"class":478},[66,37160,8994],{"class":102},[66,37162,8997],{"class":102},[66,37164,1788],{"class":478},[66,37166,121],{"class":102},[66,37168,7551],{"class":478},[66,37170,9010],{"class":102},[66,37172,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,37174,21504],{"class":102},[66,37176,2729],{"class":478},[66,37178,121],{"class":102},[66,37180,5757],{"class":478},[66,37182,8994],{"class":102},[66,37184,8997],{"class":102},[66,37186,1788],{"class":478},[66,37188,121],{"class":102},[66,37190,7546],{"class":478},[66,37192,8994],{"class":102},[66,37194,8997],{"class":102},[66,37196,1794],{"class":478},[66,37198,121],{"class":102},[66,37200,7551],{"class":478},[66,37202,9010],{"class":102},[66,37204,37205,37207],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,37206,1852],{"class":478},[66,37208,35942],{"class":72},[66,37210,37211,37213],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,37212,2729],{"class":478},[66,37214,35949],{"class":72},[52,37216,1518],{"id":1517},[258,37218,4897,37220,4900],{"id":37219},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37221,35515],{},[20,37223,37224],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[258,37226,1522,37228,37230],{"id":37227},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37229,35515],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37232,37233,37234,37236,37237,37240],{},"It starts at ",[15,37235,1852],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37238,37239],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[258,37242,21184,37244,10854,37246,2228],{"id":37243},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37245,35515],{},[15,37247,37248],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37250,36360,37251,37253],{},[15,37252,35515],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[258,37255,1573,37257,37259],{"id":37256},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37258,35515],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37261,37262,37263,37265],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37264,35515],{}," can return each character with its index.",[52,37267,1620],{"id":1619},[33,37269,37270,37274,37280,37287],{},[36,37271,37272],{},[200,37273,35795],{"href":35794},[36,37275,37276],{},[200,37277,3321,37278,3254],{"href":35962},[15,37279,35965],{},[36,37281,37282],{},[200,37283,37284,37285,36376],{"href":36372},"How to use ",[15,37286,35515],{},[36,37288,37289],{},[200,37290,4971],{"href":5340},[1651,37292,37293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":37295},[37296,37297,37299,37300,37302,37304,37306,37313,37314,37324],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":35655,"depth":91,"text":37298},"What enumerate() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":35968,"depth":91,"text":37301},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36183,"depth":91,"text":37303},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36379,"depth":91,"text":37305},"Using the start argument",{"id":25122,"depth":91,"text":25123,"children":37307},[37308,37309,37310,37312],{"id":36518,"depth":134,"text":36519},{"id":36614,"depth":134,"text":36615},{"id":36778,"depth":134,"text":37311},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36866,"depth":134,"text":36867},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":37315},[37316,37318,37320,37322],{"id":37219,"depth":134,"text":37317},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37227,"depth":134,"text":37319},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37243,"depth":134,"text":37321},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37256,"depth":134,"text":37323},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35507,"description":37325},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37332,"title":37333,"body":37334,"description":39850,"extension":1694,"meta":39851,"navigation":338,"path":39852,"seo":39853,"stem":39854,"__hash__":39855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37335,"toc":39807},[37336,37342,37347,37350,37358,37372,37374,37465,37473,37478,37483,37485,37501,37503,37582,37584,37601,37607,37611,37613,37634,37638,37641,37653,37657,37660,37663,37680,37683,37759,37761,37778,37783,37787,37795,37798,37813,37815,37904,37906,37951,37954,37958,37961,38040,38042,38064,38067,38074,38079,38082,38185,38187,38212,38215,38222,38228,38233,38236,38247,38353,38355,38376,38384,38391,38397,38416,38421,38424,38443,38445,38530,38532,38561,38564,38569,38574,38577,38588,38590,38679,38681,38701,38707,38813,38815,38835,38838,38922,38924,38944,38951,38953,38957,38963,38966,39023,39026,39029,39090,39099,39102,39105,39133,39136,39196,39198,39215,39219,39222,39300,39302,39322,39325,39400,39404,39407,39409,39418,39423,39425,39476,39484,39496,39501,39562,39564,39581,39585,39648,39650,39675,39683,39685,39691,39697,39704,39712,39718,39721,39728,39738,39744,39750,39753,39770,39776,39778,39804],[10,37337,3321,37339,3325],{"id":37338},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37340,37341],{},"filter()",[20,37343,37344,37346],{},[15,37345,37341],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37348,37349],{},"It takes:",[33,37351,37352,37355],{},[36,37353,37354],{},"a function that checks each item",[36,37356,37357],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37359,37360,37361,37364,37365,37368,37369,37371],{},"The result is ",[398,37362,37363],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37366,37367],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37370,24546],{}," to see the values.",[52,37373,55],{"id":54},[57,37375,37377],{"className":59,"code":37376,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37378,37379,37412,37448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37380,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37410],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37382,3365],{"class":72},[66,37384,77],{"class":76},[66,37386,3370],{"class":102},[66,37388,2729],{"class":478},[66,37390,121],{"class":102},[66,37392,561],{"class":478},[66,37394,121],{"class":102},[66,37396,2186],{"class":478},[66,37398,121],{"class":102},[66,37400,2192],{"class":478},[66,37402,121],{"class":102},[66,37404,4357],{"class":478},[66,37406,121],{"class":102},[66,37408,37409],{"class":478}," 6",[66,37411,3383],{"class":102},[66,37413,37414,37416,37418,37421,37423,37426,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,37415,447],{"class":72},[66,37417,77],{"class":76},[66,37419,37420],{"class":137}," filter",[66,37422,110],{"class":102},[66,37424,37425],{"class":1797},"lambda",[66,37427,37429],{"class":37428},"sFwrP"," x",[66,37431,1111],{"class":102},[66,37433,3631],{"class":106},[66,37435,6156],{"class":76},[66,37437,561],{"class":478},[66,37439,6161],{"class":76},[66,37441,3584],{"class":478},[66,37443,121],{"class":102},[66,37445,4016],{"class":106},[66,37447,131],{"class":102},[66,37449,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,37451,138],{"class":137},[66,37453,110],{"class":102},[66,37455,7851],{"class":2641},[66,37457,110],{"class":102},[66,37459,494],{"class":106},[66,37461,5117],{"class":102},[66,37463,37464],{"class":3413},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37466,37467,37469,37470,37472],{},[15,37468,37341],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37471,24546],{}," to see the results.",[52,37474,168,37476,41],{"id":37475},"what-filter-does",[15,37477,37341],{},[20,37479,37480,37482],{},[15,37481,37341],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37484,1839],{},[33,37486,37487,37490,37496],{},[36,37488,37489],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[36,37491,37492,37493,37495],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37494,3350],{},", the item is kept",[36,37497,37492,37498,37500],{},[15,37499,3424],{},", the item is removed",[20,37502,923],{},[57,37504,37506],{"className":59,"code":37505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37507,37508,37536,37540,37568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37509,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37511,3365],{"class":72},[66,37513,77],{"class":76},[66,37515,3370],{"class":102},[66,37517,2729],{"class":478},[66,37519,121],{"class":102},[66,37521,561],{"class":478},[66,37523,121],{"class":102},[66,37525,2186],{"class":478},[66,37527,121],{"class":102},[66,37529,2192],{"class":478},[66,37531,121],{"class":102},[66,37533,4357],{"class":478},[66,37535,3383],{"class":102},[66,37537,37538],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,37539,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,37541,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,37543,447],{"class":72},[66,37545,77],{"class":76},[66,37547,37420],{"class":137},[66,37549,110],{"class":102},[66,37551,37425],{"class":1797},[66,37553,37429],{"class":37428},[66,37555,1111],{"class":102},[66,37557,3631],{"class":106},[66,37559,4005],{"class":76},[66,37561,2186],{"class":478},[66,37563,121],{"class":102},[66,37565,4016],{"class":106},[66,37567,131],{"class":102},[66,37569,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,37571,138],{"class":137},[66,37573,110],{"class":102},[66,37575,7851],{"class":2641},[66,37577,110],{"class":102},[66,37579,494],{"class":106},[66,37581,1330],{"class":102},[20,37583,148],{},[57,37585,37587],{"className":59,"code":37586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37588,37589],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37590,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37592,3652],{"class":102},[66,37594,2241],{"class":478},[66,37596,121],{"class":102},[66,37598,4357],{"class":478},[66,37600,3383],{"class":102},[20,37602,37603,37604,37606],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37605,1794],{}," are kept.",[52,37608,37610],{"id":37609},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37612,1894],{},[57,37614,37616],{"className":59,"code":37615,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37617,37618],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37619,37620,37622,37624,37627,37629,37632],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37621,37367],{"class":137},[66,37623,110],{"class":102},[66,37625,37626],{"class":106},"function",[66,37628,121],{"class":102},[66,37630,37631],{"class":106}," iterable",[66,37633,131],{"class":102},[258,37635,37636],{"id":37626},[15,37637,37626],{},[20,37639,37640],{},"This is the test function.",[33,37642,37643,37646],{},[36,37644,37645],{},"It receives one item at a time",[36,37647,37648,37649,2617,37651],{},"It should return ",[15,37650,3350],{},[15,37652,3424],{},[258,37654,37655],{"id":3470},[15,37656,3470],{},[20,37658,37659],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37661,37662],{},"It can be:",[33,37664,37665,37668,37671,37674,37677],{},[36,37666,37667],{},"a list",[36,37669,37670],{},"a tuple",[36,37672,37673],{},"a string",[36,37675,37676],{},"a set",[36,37678,37679],{},"another iterable object",[20,37681,37682],{},"Example with a tuple:",[57,37684,37686],{"className":59,"code":37685,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37687,37688,37713,37717,37745],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37689,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37691,3365],{"class":72},[66,37693,77],{"class":76},[66,37695,8997],{"class":102},[66,37697,2064],{"class":478},[66,37699,121],{"class":102},[66,37701,37702],{"class":478}," 15",[66,37704,121],{"class":102},[66,37706,7546],{"class":478},[66,37708,121],{"class":102},[66,37710,9067],{"class":478},[66,37712,131],{"class":102},[66,37714,37715],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,37716,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,37718,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,37720,447],{"class":72},[66,37722,77],{"class":76},[66,37724,37420],{"class":137},[66,37726,110],{"class":102},[66,37728,37425],{"class":1797},[66,37730,37429],{"class":37428},[66,37732,1111],{"class":102},[66,37734,3631],{"class":106},[66,37736,4853],{"class":76},[66,37738,7546],{"class":478},[66,37740,121],{"class":102},[66,37742,4016],{"class":106},[66,37744,131],{"class":102},[66,37746,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,37748,138],{"class":137},[66,37750,110],{"class":102},[66,37752,7851],{"class":2641},[66,37754,110],{"class":102},[66,37756,494],{"class":106},[66,37758,1330],{"class":102},[20,37760,148],{},[57,37762,37764],{"className":59,"code":37763,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37765,37766],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37767,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37769,3652],{"class":102},[66,37771,15516],{"class":478},[66,37773,121],{"class":102},[66,37775,9067],{"class":478},[66,37777,3383],{"class":102},[20,37779,37780,37781,103],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[200,37782,4891],{"href":5340},[52,37784,37786],{"id":37785},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37788,37789,37790,21739,37792,103],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37791,37341],{},[398,37793,37794],{},"filter object",[20,37796,37797],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[33,37799,37800,37803,37808],{},[36,37801,37802],{},"loop through it",[36,37804,37805,37806],{},"convert it with ",[15,37807,24546],{},[36,37809,37805,37810],{},[15,37811,37812],{},"tuple()",[20,37814,923],{},[57,37816,37818],{"className":59,"code":37817,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37819,37820,37862,37866,37876,37890],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37821,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37823,447],{"class":72},[66,37825,77],{"class":76},[66,37827,37420],{"class":137},[66,37829,110],{"class":102},[66,37831,37425],{"class":1797},[66,37833,37429],{"class":37428},[66,37835,1111],{"class":102},[66,37837,3631],{"class":106},[66,37839,4005],{"class":76},[66,37841,561],{"class":478},[66,37843,121],{"class":102},[66,37845,3370],{"class":102},[66,37847,2729],{"class":478},[66,37849,121],{"class":102},[66,37851,561],{"class":478},[66,37853,121],{"class":102},[66,37855,2186],{"class":478},[66,37857,121],{"class":102},[66,37859,2192],{"class":478},[66,37861,3640],{"class":102},[66,37863,37864],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,37865,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,37867,37868,37870,37872,37874],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,37869,138],{"class":137},[66,37871,110],{"class":102},[66,37873,494],{"class":106},[66,37875,131],{"class":102},[66,37877,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,37879,138],{"class":137},[66,37881,110],{"class":102},[66,37883,2964],{"class":2641},[66,37885,110],{"class":102},[66,37887,494],{"class":106},[66,37889,1330],{"class":102},[66,37891,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,37893,138],{"class":137},[66,37895,110],{"class":102},[66,37897,7851],{"class":2641},[66,37899,110],{"class":102},[66,37901,494],{"class":106},[66,37903,1330],{"class":102},[20,37905,148],{},[57,37907,37909],{"className":59,"code":37908,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37910,37911,37925,37939],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37912,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37914,3033],{"class":76},[66,37916,37367],{"class":137},[66,37918,24382],{"class":2641},[66,37920,37129],{"class":72},[66,37922,37136],{"class":879},[66,37924,3047],{"class":76},[66,37926,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,37928,3033],{"class":76},[66,37930,3036],{"class":1797},[66,37932,3039],{"class":80},[66,37934,37367],{"class":84},[66,37936,3044],{"class":80},[66,37938,3047],{"class":76},[66,37940,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,37942,3652],{"class":102},[66,37944,1794],{"class":478},[66,37946,121],{"class":102},[66,37948,2192],{"class":478},[66,37950,3383],{"class":102},[20,37952,37953],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[258,37955,37957],{"id":37956},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37959,37960],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[57,37962,37964],{"className":59,"code":37963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37965,37966,38008,38012,38026],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37967,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37969,447],{"class":72},[66,37971,77],{"class":76},[66,37973,37420],{"class":137},[66,37975,110],{"class":102},[66,37977,37425],{"class":1797},[66,37979,37429],{"class":37428},[66,37981,1111],{"class":102},[66,37983,3631],{"class":106},[66,37985,4005],{"class":76},[66,37987,561],{"class":478},[66,37989,121],{"class":102},[66,37991,3370],{"class":102},[66,37993,2729],{"class":478},[66,37995,121],{"class":102},[66,37997,561],{"class":478},[66,37999,121],{"class":102},[66,38001,2186],{"class":478},[66,38003,121],{"class":102},[66,38005,2192],{"class":478},[66,38007,3640],{"class":102},[66,38009,38010],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38011,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38013,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,38015,138],{"class":137},[66,38017,110],{"class":102},[66,38019,7851],{"class":2641},[66,38021,110],{"class":102},[66,38023,494],{"class":106},[66,38025,1330],{"class":102},[66,38027,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,38029,138],{"class":137},[66,38031,110],{"class":102},[66,38033,7851],{"class":2641},[66,38035,110],{"class":102},[66,38037,494],{"class":106},[66,38039,1330],{"class":102},[20,38041,148],{},[57,38043,38045],{"className":59,"code":38044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38046,38047,38059],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38048,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38050,3652],{"class":102},[66,38052,1794],{"class":478},[66,38054,121],{"class":102},[66,38056,2192],{"class":478},[66,38058,3383],{"class":102},[66,38060,38061],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38062,38063],{"class":102},"[]\n",[20,38065,38066],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[52,38068,8176,38070,8464,38072],{"id":38069},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38071,37341],{},[15,38073,37425],{},[20,38075,14950,38076,38078],{},[15,38077,37425],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38080,38081],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[57,38083,38085],{"className":59,"code":38084,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38086,38087,38129,38133,38171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38088,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38125,38127],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38090,3823],{"class":72},[66,38092,77],{"class":76},[66,38094,3370],{"class":102},[66,38096,113],{"class":80},[66,38098,3832],{"class":84},[66,38100,113],{"class":80},[66,38102,121],{"class":102},[66,38104,81],{"class":80},[66,38106,38107],{"class":84},"kiwi",[66,38109,113],{"class":80},[66,38111,121],{"class":102},[66,38113,81],{"class":80},[66,38115,627],{"class":84},[66,38117,113],{"class":80},[66,38119,121],{"class":102},[66,38121,81],{"class":80},[66,38123,38124],{"class":84},"fig",[66,38126,113],{"class":80},[66,38128,3383],{"class":102},[66,38130,38131],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38132,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38134,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38148,38150,38153,38155,38158,38160,38163,38165,38167,38169],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,38136,447],{"class":72},[66,38138,77],{"class":76},[66,38140,37420],{"class":137},[66,38142,110],{"class":102},[66,38144,37425],{"class":1797},[66,38146,38147],{"class":37428}," word",[66,38149,1111],{"class":102},[66,38151,38152],{"class":137}," len",[66,38154,110],{"class":102},[66,38156,38157],{"class":106},"word",[66,38159,3410],{"class":102},[66,38161,38162],{"class":76}," >",[66,38164,2192],{"class":478},[66,38166,121],{"class":102},[66,38168,5920],{"class":106},[66,38170,131],{"class":102},[66,38172,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,38174,138],{"class":137},[66,38176,110],{"class":102},[66,38178,7851],{"class":2641},[66,38180,110],{"class":102},[66,38182,494],{"class":106},[66,38184,1330],{"class":102},[20,38186,148],{},[57,38188,38190],{"className":59,"code":38189,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38191,38192],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38193,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38195,3652],{"class":102},[66,38197,3044],{"class":80},[66,38199,3832],{"class":84},[66,38201,3044],{"class":80},[66,38203,121],{"class":102},[66,38205,3039],{"class":80},[66,38207,627],{"class":84},[66,38209,3044],{"class":80},[66,38211,3383],{"class":102},[20,38213,38214],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38216,38217,38218,103],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[200,38219,38221],{"href":38220},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[52,38223,8176,38225,38227],{"id":38224},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38226,37341],{}," with a named function",[20,38229,38230,38231,103],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38232,37425],{},[20,38234,38235],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[33,38237,38238,38241,38244],{},[36,38239,38240],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[36,38242,38243],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[36,38245,38246],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[57,38248,38250],{"className":59,"code":38249,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38251,38252,38265,38280,38284,38316,38335,38339],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38253,38254,38256,38259,38261,38263],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38255,34618],{"class":1797},[66,38257,38258],{"class":34621}," is_even",[66,38260,110],{"class":102},[66,38262,1973],{"class":37428},[66,38264,8100],{"class":102},[66,38266,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38268,34629],{"class":3627},[66,38270,6139],{"class":72},[66,38272,6156],{"class":76},[66,38274,561],{"class":478},[66,38276,6161],{"class":76},[66,38278,38279],{"class":478}," 0\n",[66,38281,38282],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,38283,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38285,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,38287,3365],{"class":72},[66,38289,77],{"class":76},[66,38291,3370],{"class":102},[66,38293,2729],{"class":478},[66,38295,121],{"class":102},[66,38297,561],{"class":478},[66,38299,121],{"class":102},[66,38301,2186],{"class":478},[66,38303,121],{"class":102},[66,38305,2192],{"class":478},[66,38307,121],{"class":102},[66,38309,4357],{"class":478},[66,38311,121],{"class":102},[66,38313,37409],{"class":478},[66,38315,3383],{"class":102},[66,38317,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38329,38331,38333],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,38319,447],{"class":72},[66,38321,77],{"class":76},[66,38323,37420],{"class":137},[66,38325,110],{"class":102},[66,38327,38328],{"class":106},"is_even",[66,38330,121],{"class":102},[66,38332,4016],{"class":106},[66,38334,131],{"class":102},[66,38336,38337],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,38338,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38340,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,38342,138],{"class":137},[66,38344,110],{"class":102},[66,38346,7851],{"class":2641},[66,38348,110],{"class":102},[66,38350,494],{"class":106},[66,38352,1330],{"class":102},[20,38354,148],{},[57,38356,38358],{"className":59,"code":38357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38359,38360],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38361,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38363,3652],{"class":102},[66,38365,1788],{"class":478},[66,38367,121],{"class":102},[66,38369,2192],{"class":478},[66,38371,121],{"class":102},[66,38373,37409],{"class":478},[66,38375,3383],{"class":102},[20,38377,20534,38378,2131,38381,38383],{},[15,38379,38380],{},"is_even()",[15,38382,3350],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[52,38385,8176,38387,8464,38389],{"id":38386},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38388,3528],{},[15,38390,37341],{},[20,38392,38393,38394,38396],{},"You can pass ",[15,38395,3528],{}," as the first argument:",[57,38398,38400],{"className":59,"code":38399,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38401,38402],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38403,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38405,37367],{"class":137},[66,38407,110],{"class":102},[66,38409,3528],{"class":3602},[66,38411,121],{"class":102},[66,38413,37631],{"class":106},[66,38415,131],{"class":102},[20,38417,38418,38419,7094],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[398,38420,5350],{},[20,38422,38423],{},"Falsy values include:",[33,38425,38426,38430,38435,38439],{},[36,38427,38428],{},[15,38429,1852],{},[36,38431,38432,38434],{},[15,38433,3523],{}," (empty string)",[36,38436,38437],{},[15,38438,3528],{},[36,38440,38441],{},[15,38442,3424],{},[20,38444,923],{},[57,38446,38448],{"className":59,"code":38447,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38449,38450,38494,38498,38516],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38451,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38453,7535],{"class":72},[66,38455,77],{"class":76},[66,38457,3370],{"class":102},[66,38459,1852],{"class":478},[66,38461,121],{"class":102},[66,38463,479],{"class":478},[66,38465,121],{"class":102},[66,38467,733],{"class":80},[66,38469,121],{"class":102},[66,38471,81],{"class":80},[66,38473,939],{"class":84},[66,38475,113],{"class":80},[66,38477,121],{"class":102},[66,38479,3603],{"class":3602},[66,38481,121],{"class":102},[66,38483,3668],{"class":3602},[66,38485,121],{"class":102},[66,38487,3659],{"class":3602},[66,38489,121],{"class":102},[66,38491,4357],{"class":478},[66,38493,3383],{"class":102},[66,38495,38496],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38497,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38499,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,38501,447],{"class":72},[66,38503,77],{"class":76},[66,38505,37420],{"class":137},[66,38507,110],{"class":102},[66,38509,3528],{"class":3602},[66,38511,121],{"class":102},[66,38513,5718],{"class":106},[66,38515,131],{"class":102},[66,38517,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,38519,138],{"class":137},[66,38521,110],{"class":102},[66,38523,7851],{"class":2641},[66,38525,110],{"class":102},[66,38527,494],{"class":106},[66,38529,1330],{"class":102},[20,38531,148],{},[57,38533,38535],{"className":59,"code":38534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38536,38537],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38538,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38540,3652],{"class":102},[66,38542,2729],{"class":478},[66,38544,121],{"class":102},[66,38546,3039],{"class":80},[66,38548,939],{"class":84},[66,38550,3044],{"class":80},[66,38552,121],{"class":102},[66,38554,3668],{"class":3602},[66,38556,121],{"class":102},[66,38558,4357],{"class":478},[66,38560,3383],{"class":102},[20,38562,38563],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[52,38565,4715,38567],{"id":38566},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38568,37341],{},[20,38570,160,38571,38573],{},[15,38572,37341],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38575,38576],{},"It works well for:",[33,38578,38579,38582,38585],{},[36,38580,38581],{},"simple filtering rules",[36,38583,38584],{},"quick data cleaning",[36,38586,38587],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38589,923],{},[57,38591,38593],{"className":59,"code":38592,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38594,38595,38627,38660,38664],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38596,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38598,3365],{"class":72},[66,38600,77],{"class":76},[66,38602,3370],{"class":102},[66,38604,2729],{"class":478},[66,38606,121],{"class":102},[66,38608,561],{"class":478},[66,38610,121],{"class":102},[66,38612,2186],{"class":478},[66,38614,121],{"class":102},[66,38616,2192],{"class":478},[66,38618,121],{"class":102},[66,38620,4357],{"class":478},[66,38622,121],{"class":102},[66,38624,37409],{"class":478},[66,38626,3383],{"class":102},[66,38628,38629,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38630,38631],{"class":72},"evens ",[66,38633,77],{"class":76},[66,38635,37420],{"class":137},[66,38637,110],{"class":102},[66,38639,37425],{"class":1797},[66,38641,37429],{"class":37428},[66,38643,1111],{"class":102},[66,38645,3631],{"class":106},[66,38647,6156],{"class":76},[66,38649,561],{"class":478},[66,38651,6161],{"class":76},[66,38653,3584],{"class":478},[66,38655,121],{"class":102},[66,38657,4016],{"class":106},[66,38659,131],{"class":102},[66,38661,38662],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,38663,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38665,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38677],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,38667,138],{"class":137},[66,38669,110],{"class":102},[66,38671,7851],{"class":2641},[66,38673,110],{"class":102},[66,38675,38676],{"class":106},"evens",[66,38678,1330],{"class":102},[20,38680,148],{},[57,38682,38683],{"className":59,"code":38357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,38684,38685],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38686,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38688,3652],{"class":102},[66,38690,1788],{"class":478},[66,38692,121],{"class":102},[66,38694,2192],{"class":478},[66,38696,121],{"class":102},[66,38698,37409],{"class":478},[66,38700,3383],{"class":102},[20,38702,38703,38704,38706],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38705,5710],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[57,38708,38710],{"className":59,"code":38709,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38711,38712,38744,38752,38756,38768,38784,38799,38803],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38713,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38715,3365],{"class":72},[66,38717,77],{"class":76},[66,38719,3370],{"class":102},[66,38721,2729],{"class":478},[66,38723,121],{"class":102},[66,38725,561],{"class":478},[66,38727,121],{"class":102},[66,38729,2186],{"class":478},[66,38731,121],{"class":102},[66,38733,2192],{"class":478},[66,38735,121],{"class":102},[66,38737,4357],{"class":478},[66,38739,121],{"class":102},[66,38741,37409],{"class":478},[66,38743,3383],{"class":102},[66,38745,38746,38748,38750],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38747,38631],{"class":72},[66,38749,77],{"class":76},[66,38751,7595],{"class":102},[66,38753,38754],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,38755,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38757,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,38759,5710],{"class":3627},[66,38761,6139],{"class":72},[66,38763,3634],{"class":3627},[66,38765,4016],{"class":72},[66,38767,6146],{"class":102},[66,38769,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,38771,6151],{"class":3627},[66,38773,6139],{"class":72},[66,38775,6156],{"class":76},[66,38777,561],{"class":478},[66,38779,6161],{"class":76},[66,38781,3584],{"class":478},[66,38783,6146],{"class":102},[66,38785,38786,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,38787,38788],{"class":72},"        evens",[66,38790,103],{"class":102},[66,38792,13314],{"class":106},[66,38794,110],{"class":102},[66,38796,1973],{"class":106},[66,38798,131],{"class":102},[66,38800,38801],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,38802,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38804,38805,38807,38809,38811],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,38806,138],{"class":137},[66,38808,110],{"class":102},[66,38810,38676],{"class":106},[66,38812,131],{"class":102},[20,38814,148],{},[57,38816,38817],{"className":59,"code":38357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,38818,38819],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38820,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38822,3652],{"class":102},[66,38824,1788],{"class":478},[66,38826,121],{"class":102},[66,38828,2192],{"class":478},[66,38830,121],{"class":102},[66,38832,37409],{"class":478},[66,38834,3383],{"class":102},[20,38836,38837],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[57,38839,38841],{"className":59,"code":38840,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38842,38843,38875,38908,38912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38844,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38846,3365],{"class":72},[66,38848,77],{"class":76},[66,38850,3370],{"class":102},[66,38852,2729],{"class":478},[66,38854,121],{"class":102},[66,38856,561],{"class":478},[66,38858,121],{"class":102},[66,38860,2186],{"class":478},[66,38862,121],{"class":102},[66,38864,2192],{"class":478},[66,38866,121],{"class":102},[66,38868,4357],{"class":478},[66,38870,121],{"class":102},[66,38872,37409],{"class":478},[66,38874,3383],{"class":102},[66,38876,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,38878,38631],{"class":72},[66,38880,77],{"class":76},[66,38882,3370],{"class":102},[66,38884,1951],{"class":72},[66,38886,5710],{"class":3627},[66,38888,6139],{"class":72},[66,38890,3634],{"class":3627},[66,38892,38893],{"class":72}," numbers ",[66,38895,6752],{"class":3627},[66,38897,6139],{"class":72},[66,38899,6156],{"class":76},[66,38901,561],{"class":478},[66,38903,6161],{"class":76},[66,38905,3584],{"class":478},[66,38907,3383],{"class":102},[66,38909,38910],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,38911,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,38913,38914,38916,38918,38920],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,38915,138],{"class":137},[66,38917,110],{"class":102},[66,38919,38676],{"class":106},[66,38921,131],{"class":102},[20,38923,148],{},[57,38925,38926],{"className":59,"code":38357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,38927,38928],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38929,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38931,3652],{"class":102},[66,38933,1788],{"class":478},[66,38935,121],{"class":102},[66,38937,2192],{"class":478},[66,38939,121],{"class":102},[66,38941,37409],{"class":478},[66,38943,3383],{"class":102},[20,38945,38946,38947,103],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[200,38948,38950],{"href":38949},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[52,38952,2568],{"id":2567},[20,38954,14495,38955,103],{},[15,38956,37341],{},[258,38958,1119,38960,38962],{"id":38959},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38961,37341],{}," to return a list",[20,38964,38965],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[57,38967,38969],{"className":59,"code":38968,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38970,38971,39013],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38972,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38974,447],{"class":72},[66,38976,77],{"class":76},[66,38978,37420],{"class":137},[66,38980,110],{"class":102},[66,38982,37425],{"class":1797},[66,38984,37429],{"class":37428},[66,38986,1111],{"class":102},[66,38988,3631],{"class":106},[66,38990,4005],{"class":76},[66,38992,561],{"class":478},[66,38994,121],{"class":102},[66,38996,3370],{"class":102},[66,38998,2729],{"class":478},[66,39000,121],{"class":102},[66,39002,561],{"class":478},[66,39004,121],{"class":102},[66,39006,2186],{"class":478},[66,39008,121],{"class":102},[66,39010,2192],{"class":478},[66,39012,3640],{"class":102},[66,39014,39015,39017,39019,39021],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39016,138],{"class":137},[66,39018,110],{"class":102},[66,39020,494],{"class":106},[66,39022,131],{"class":102},[20,39024,39025],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39027,39028],{},"Fix:",[57,39030,39032],{"className":59,"code":39031,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39033,39034,39076],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39035,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39037,447],{"class":72},[66,39039,77],{"class":76},[66,39041,37420],{"class":137},[66,39043,110],{"class":102},[66,39045,37425],{"class":1797},[66,39047,37429],{"class":37428},[66,39049,1111],{"class":102},[66,39051,3631],{"class":106},[66,39053,4005],{"class":76},[66,39055,561],{"class":478},[66,39057,121],{"class":102},[66,39059,3370],{"class":102},[66,39061,2729],{"class":478},[66,39063,121],{"class":102},[66,39065,561],{"class":478},[66,39067,121],{"class":102},[66,39069,2186],{"class":478},[66,39071,121],{"class":102},[66,39073,2192],{"class":478},[66,39075,3640],{"class":102},[66,39077,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39079,138],{"class":137},[66,39081,110],{"class":102},[66,39083,7851],{"class":2641},[66,39085,110],{"class":102},[66,39087,494],{"class":106},[66,39089,1330],{"class":102},[258,39091,39093,39094,2617,39096,39098],{"id":39092},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39095,3350],{},[15,39097,3424],{}," clearly",[20,39100,39101],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39103,39104],{},"Good example:",[57,39106,39108],{"className":59,"code":39107,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39109,39110,39123],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39111,39112,39114,39117,39119,39121],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39113,34618],{"class":1797},[66,39115,39116],{"class":34621}," is_positive",[66,39118,110],{"class":102},[66,39120,1973],{"class":37428},[66,39122,8100],{"class":102},[66,39124,39125,39127,39129,39131],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39126,34629],{"class":3627},[66,39128,6139],{"class":72},[66,39130,4005],{"class":76},[66,39132,38279],{"class":478},[20,39134,39135],{},"Then use it with:",[57,39137,39139],{"className":59,"code":39138,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39140,39141,39173],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39142,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39144,3365],{"class":72},[66,39146,77],{"class":76},[66,39148,3370],{"class":102},[66,39150,1753],{"class":76},[66,39152,1788],{"class":478},[66,39154,121],{"class":102},[66,39156,1956],{"class":76},[66,39158,2729],{"class":478},[66,39160,121],{"class":102},[66,39162,3584],{"class":478},[66,39164,121],{"class":102},[66,39166,479],{"class":478},[66,39168,121],{"class":102},[66,39170,561],{"class":478},[66,39172,3383],{"class":102},[66,39174,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39190,39192,39194],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39176,138],{"class":137},[66,39178,110],{"class":102},[66,39180,7851],{"class":2641},[66,39182,110],{"class":102},[66,39184,37367],{"class":137},[66,39186,110],{"class":102},[66,39188,39189],{"class":106},"is_positive",[66,39191,121],{"class":102},[66,39193,4016],{"class":106},[66,39195,2652],{"class":102},[20,39197,148],{},[57,39199,39201],{"className":59,"code":39200,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39202,39203],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39204,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39206,3652],{"class":102},[66,39208,2729],{"class":478},[66,39210,121],{"class":102},[66,39212,561],{"class":478},[66,39214,3383],{"class":102},[258,39216,39218],{"id":39217},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39220,39221],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[57,39223,39224],{"className":59,"code":37963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,39225,39226,39268,39272,39286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39227,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39229,447],{"class":72},[66,39231,77],{"class":76},[66,39233,37420],{"class":137},[66,39235,110],{"class":102},[66,39237,37425],{"class":1797},[66,39239,37429],{"class":37428},[66,39241,1111],{"class":102},[66,39243,3631],{"class":106},[66,39245,4005],{"class":76},[66,39247,561],{"class":478},[66,39249,121],{"class":102},[66,39251,3370],{"class":102},[66,39253,2729],{"class":478},[66,39255,121],{"class":102},[66,39257,561],{"class":478},[66,39259,121],{"class":102},[66,39261,2186],{"class":478},[66,39263,121],{"class":102},[66,39265,2192],{"class":478},[66,39267,3640],{"class":102},[66,39269,39270],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39271,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,39273,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,39275,138],{"class":137},[66,39277,110],{"class":102},[66,39279,7851],{"class":2641},[66,39281,110],{"class":102},[66,39283,494],{"class":106},[66,39285,1330],{"class":102},[66,39287,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,39289,138],{"class":137},[66,39291,110],{"class":102},[66,39293,7851],{"class":2641},[66,39295,110],{"class":102},[66,39297,494],{"class":106},[66,39299,1330],{"class":102},[20,39301,148],{},[57,39303,39304],{"className":59,"code":38044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,39305,39306,39318],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39307,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39309,3652],{"class":102},[66,39311,1794],{"class":478},[66,39313,121],{"class":102},[66,39315,2192],{"class":478},[66,39317,3383],{"class":102},[66,39319,39320],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39321,38063],{"class":102},[20,39323,39324],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[57,39326,39328],{"className":59,"code":39327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39329,39330,39376,39380,39390],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39331,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39333,447],{"class":72},[66,39335,77],{"class":76},[66,39337,22324],{"class":2641},[66,39339,110],{"class":102},[66,39341,37367],{"class":137},[66,39343,110],{"class":102},[66,39345,37425],{"class":1797},[66,39347,37429],{"class":37428},[66,39349,1111],{"class":102},[66,39351,3631],{"class":106},[66,39353,4005],{"class":76},[66,39355,561],{"class":478},[66,39357,121],{"class":102},[66,39359,3370],{"class":102},[66,39361,2729],{"class":478},[66,39363,121],{"class":102},[66,39365,561],{"class":478},[66,39367,121],{"class":102},[66,39369,2186],{"class":478},[66,39371,121],{"class":102},[66,39373,2192],{"class":478},[66,39375,2740],{"class":102},[66,39377,39378],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39379,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,39381,39382,39384,39386,39388],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,39383,138],{"class":137},[66,39385,110],{"class":102},[66,39387,494],{"class":106},[66,39389,131],{"class":102},[66,39391,39392,39394,39396,39398],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,39393,138],{"class":137},[66,39395,110],{"class":102},[66,39397,494],{"class":106},[66,39399,131],{"class":102},[258,39401,39403],{"id":39402},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39405,39406],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39408,16406],{},[57,39410,39412],{"className":59,"code":39411,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39413,39414],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39415,39416],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39417,39411],{"class":3413},[20,39419,39420,39421,6305],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39422,2064],{},[20,39424,16418],{},[57,39426,39428],{"className":59,"code":39427,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39429,39430],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39431,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39433,138],{"class":137},[66,39435,110],{"class":102},[66,39437,7851],{"class":2641},[66,39439,110],{"class":102},[66,39441,37367],{"class":137},[66,39443,110],{"class":102},[66,39445,37425],{"class":1797},[66,39447,37429],{"class":37428},[66,39449,1111],{"class":102},[66,39451,3631],{"class":106},[66,39453,4005],{"class":76},[66,39455,561],{"class":478},[66,39457,121],{"class":102},[66,39459,3370],{"class":102},[66,39461,2729],{"class":478},[66,39463,121],{"class":102},[66,39465,561],{"class":478},[66,39467,121],{"class":102},[66,39469,2186],{"class":478},[66,39471,121],{"class":102},[66,39473,2192],{"class":478},[66,39475,37030],{"class":102},[258,39477,1128,39479,8464,39481],{"id":39478},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39480,37341],{},[15,39482,39483],{},"map()",[33,39485,39486,39491],{},[36,39487,39488,39490],{},[15,39489,37341],{}," keeps or removes items",[36,39492,39493,39495],{},[15,39494,39483],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39497,39498,39499,1111],{},"Example of ",[15,39500,37341],{},[57,39502,39504],{"className":59,"code":39503,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39505,39506,39530],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39507,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39509,3365],{"class":72},[66,39511,77],{"class":76},[66,39513,3370],{"class":102},[66,39515,2729],{"class":478},[66,39517,121],{"class":102},[66,39519,561],{"class":478},[66,39521,121],{"class":102},[66,39523,2186],{"class":478},[66,39525,121],{"class":102},[66,39527,2192],{"class":478},[66,39529,3383],{"class":102},[66,39531,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39533,138],{"class":137},[66,39535,110],{"class":102},[66,39537,7851],{"class":2641},[66,39539,110],{"class":102},[66,39541,37367],{"class":137},[66,39543,110],{"class":102},[66,39545,37425],{"class":1797},[66,39547,37429],{"class":37428},[66,39549,1111],{"class":102},[66,39551,3631],{"class":106},[66,39553,4005],{"class":76},[66,39555,561],{"class":478},[66,39557,121],{"class":102},[66,39559,4016],{"class":106},[66,39561,2652],{"class":102},[20,39563,148],{},[57,39565,39567],{"className":59,"code":39566,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39568,39569],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39570,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39572,3652],{"class":102},[66,39574,1794],{"class":478},[66,39576,121],{"class":102},[66,39578,2192],{"class":478},[66,39580,3383],{"class":102},[20,39582,39498,39583,1111],{},[15,39584,39483],{},[57,39586,39588],{"className":59,"code":39587,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39589,39590,39614],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39591,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39593,3365],{"class":72},[66,39595,77],{"class":76},[66,39597,3370],{"class":102},[66,39599,2729],{"class":478},[66,39601,121],{"class":102},[66,39603,561],{"class":478},[66,39605,121],{"class":102},[66,39607,2186],{"class":478},[66,39609,121],{"class":102},[66,39611,2192],{"class":478},[66,39613,3383],{"class":102},[66,39615,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39640,39642,39644,39646],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39617,138],{"class":137},[66,39619,110],{"class":102},[66,39621,7851],{"class":2641},[66,39623,110],{"class":102},[66,39625,39626],{"class":137},"map",[66,39628,110],{"class":102},[66,39630,37425],{"class":1797},[66,39632,37429],{"class":37428},[66,39634,1111],{"class":102},[66,39636,3631],{"class":106},[66,39638,39639],{"class":76},"*",[66,39641,561],{"class":478},[66,39643,121],{"class":102},[66,39645,4016],{"class":106},[66,39647,2652],{"class":102},[20,39649,148],{},[57,39651,39653],{"className":59,"code":39652,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39654,39655],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39656,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39658,3652],{"class":102},[66,39660,1788],{"class":478},[66,39662,121],{"class":102},[66,39664,2192],{"class":478},[66,39666,121],{"class":102},[66,39668,37409],{"class":478},[66,39670,121],{"class":102},[66,39672,6112],{"class":478},[66,39674,3383],{"class":102},[20,39676,39677,39678,103],{},"For the related function, see ",[200,39679,3321,39681,3254],{"href":39680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39682,39483],{},[52,39684,1518],{"id":1517},[258,39686,1522,39688,39690],{"id":39687},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39689,37341],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39692,39693,39694,39696],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39695,24546],{}," if needed.",[258,39698,39700,39701,39703],{"id":39699},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39702,37341],{}," need to return?",[20,39705,37648,39706,39708,39709,39711],{},[15,39707,3350],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39710,3424],{}," to remove it.",[258,39713,28094,39715,39717],{"id":39714},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39716,37341],{}," without lambda?",[20,39719,39720],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[258,39722,4897,39724,39727],{"id":39723},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39725,39726],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39729,39730,39731,39733,39734,16835,39736,103],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39732,1852],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39735,3528],{},[15,39737,3424],{},[258,39739,21184,39741,39743],{"id":39740},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39742,37341],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39745,39746,39747,39749],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39748,5710],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39751,39752],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[33,39754,39755,39761,39767],{},[36,39756,39757,39758,39760],{},"use ",[15,39759,37341],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[36,39762,39763,39764,39766],{},"use a ",[15,39765,5710],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[36,39768,39769],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39771,39772,39773,103],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[200,39774,4887],{"href":39775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[52,39777,1620],{"id":1619},[33,39779,39780,39785,39789,39794,39800],{},[36,39781,39782],{},[200,39783,39784],{"href":38220},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[36,39786,39787],{},[200,39788,4976],{"href":39775},[36,39790,39791],{},[200,39792,39793],{"href":38949},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[36,39795,39796],{},[200,39797,3321,39798,3254],{"href":39680},[15,39799,39483],{},[36,39801,39802],{},[200,39803,4971],{"href":5340},[1651,39805,39806],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":39808},[39809,39810,39812,39816,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39837,39849],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":37475,"depth":91,"text":39811},"What filter() does",{"id":37609,"depth":91,"text":37610,"children":39813},[39814,39815],{"id":37626,"depth":134,"text":37626},{"id":3470,"depth":134,"text":3470},{"id":37785,"depth":91,"text":37786,"children":39817},[39818],{"id":37956,"depth":134,"text":37957},{"id":38069,"depth":91,"text":39820},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38224,"depth":91,"text":39822},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38386,"depth":91,"text":39824},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38566,"depth":91,"text":39826},"When to use filter()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":39828},[39829,39831,39833,39834,39835],{"id":38959,"depth":134,"text":39830},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39092,"depth":134,"text":39832},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39217,"depth":134,"text":39218},{"id":39402,"depth":134,"text":39403},{"id":39478,"depth":134,"text":39836},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":39838},[39839,39841,39843,39845,39847],{"id":39687,"depth":134,"text":39840},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39699,"depth":134,"text":39842},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39714,"depth":134,"text":39844},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39723,"depth":134,"text":39846},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39740,"depth":134,"text":39848},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37333,"description":39850},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39857,"title":39858,"body":39859,"description":42010,"extension":1694,"meta":42011,"navigation":338,"path":42012,"seo":42013,"stem":42014,"__hash__":42015},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39860,"toc":41964},[39861,39864,39869,39875,39877,39929,39931,39950,39955,39959,39964,39967,39982,39985,40007,40009,40058,40060,40084,40086,40088,40103,40108,40116,40131,40133,40142,40145,40180,40184,40189,40193,40200,40235,40237,40253,40257,40260,40301,40303,40317,40321,40324,40348,40350,40359,40363,40366,40399,40401,40414,40418,40424,40443,40445,40453,40457,40462,40466,40472,40495,40497,40526,40529,40548,40552,40555,40582,40584,40618,40622,40625,40649,40653,40664,40666,40671,40677,40679,40763,40765,40807,40810,40814,40821,40830,40886,40893,40902,40907,40911,40982,40984,40993,40997,41000,41043,41045,41054,41058,41064,41114,41118,41123,41127,41151,41153,41162,41166,41190,41192,41203,41207,41231,41233,41242,41245,41262,41268,41272,41278,41281,41286,41289,41310,41312,41344,41347,41352,41354,41365,41367,41411,41415,41421,41473,41475,41484,41488,41491,41584,41587,41611,41615,41618,41710,41715,41719,41726,41731,41755,41757,41766,41771,41794,41796,41804,41811,41834,41842,41844,41857,41867,41869,41873,41880,41884,41893,41897,41904,41908,41912,41916,41929,41931,41961],[10,39862,39858],{"id":39863},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39865,8883,39866,39868],{},[15,39867,2623],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39870,39871,39872,39874],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39873,2623],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[52,39876,55],{"id":54},[57,39878,39880],{"className":59,"code":39879,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39881,39882,39896,39915],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39883,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39885,138],{"class":137},[66,39887,110],{"class":102},[66,39889,1926],{"class":2641},[66,39891,110],{"class":102},[66,39893,1869],{"class":478},[66,39895,1330],{"class":102},[66,39897,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39911,39913],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39899,138],{"class":137},[66,39901,110],{"class":102},[66,39903,1926],{"class":2641},[66,39905,110],{"class":102},[66,39907,113],{"class":80},[66,39909,39910],{"class":84},"3.14",[66,39912,113],{"class":80},[66,39914,1330],{"class":102},[66,39916,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,39918,138],{"class":137},[66,39920,110],{"class":102},[66,39922,1926],{"class":2641},[66,39924,110],{"class":102},[66,39926,3350],{"class":3602},[66,39928,1330],{"class":102},[20,39930,148],{},[57,39932,39934],{"className":59,"code":39933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39935,39936,39940,39945],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39937,39938],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39939,2215],{"class":478},[66,39941,39942],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,39943,39944],{"class":478},"3.14\n",[66,39946,39947],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,39948,39949],{"class":478},"1.0\n",[20,39951,160,39952,39954],{},[15,39953,2623],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[52,39956,39958],{"id":39957},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39960,39961,39963],{},[15,39962,2623],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39965,39966],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[33,39968,39969,39973,39977],{},[36,39970,39971],{},[15,39972,2227],{},[36,39974,39975],{},[15,39976,39910],{},[36,39978,39979],{},[15,39980,39981],{},"0.5",[20,39983,39984],{},"A few key points:",[33,39986,39987,39994,39997,40000],{},[36,39988,39989,39991,39992],{},[15,39990,2623],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39993,1926],{},[36,39995,39996],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[36,39998,39999],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[36,40001,40002,40003],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[200,40004,40005],{"href":7977},[15,40006,2698],{},[20,40008,923],{},[57,40010,40012],{"className":59,"code":40011,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40013,40014,40034,40044],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40015,40016,40018,40020,40023,40025,40027,40030,40032],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40017,1951],{"class":72},[66,40019,77],{"class":76},[66,40021,40022],{"class":2641}," float",[66,40024,110],{"class":102},[66,40026,113],{"class":80},[66,40028,40029],{"class":84},"2.75",[66,40031,113],{"class":80},[66,40033,131],{"class":102},[66,40035,40036,40038,40040,40042],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40037,138],{"class":137},[66,40039,110],{"class":102},[66,40041,1973],{"class":106},[66,40043,131],{"class":102},[66,40045,40046,40048,40050,40052,40054,40056],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,40047,138],{"class":137},[66,40049,110],{"class":102},[66,40051,2964],{"class":2641},[66,40053,110],{"class":102},[66,40055,1973],{"class":106},[66,40057,1330],{"class":102},[20,40059,148],{},[57,40061,40063],{"className":59,"code":40062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40064,40065,40070],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40066,40067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40068,40069],{"class":478},"2.75\n",[66,40071,40072,40074,40076,40078,40080,40082],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40073,3033],{"class":76},[66,40075,3036],{"class":1797},[66,40077,3039],{"class":80},[66,40079,1926],{"class":84},[66,40081,3044],{"class":80},[66,40083,3047],{"class":76},[52,40085,1891],{"id":1890},[20,40087,6973],{},[57,40089,40091],{"className":59,"code":40090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"float(value)\n",[15,40092,40093],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40094,40095,40097,40099,40101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40096,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40098,110],{"class":102},[66,40100,2208],{"class":106},[66,40102,131],{"class":102},[20,40104,40105,40106,103],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40107,2623],{},[20,40109,40110,40111,40113,40114,1111],{},"If you call ",[15,40112,2623],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40115,3518],{},[57,40117,40119],{"className":59,"code":40118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float())\n",[15,40120,40121],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40122,40123,40125,40127,40129],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40124,138],{"class":137},[66,40126,110],{"class":102},[66,40128,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40130,6949],{"class":102},[20,40132,148],{},[57,40134,40136],{"className":59,"code":40135,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0.0\n",[15,40137,40138],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40139,40140],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40141,40135],{"class":478},[20,40143,40144],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[57,40146,40148],{"className":59,"code":40147,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40149,40150,40170],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40151,40152,40155,40157,40159,40161,40163,40166,40168],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40153,40154],{"class":72},"price ",[66,40156,77],{"class":76},[66,40158,40022],{"class":2641},[66,40160,110],{"class":102},[66,40162,113],{"class":80},[66,40164,40165],{"class":84},"19.99",[66,40167,113],{"class":80},[66,40169,131],{"class":102},[66,40171,40172,40174,40176,40178],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40173,138],{"class":137},[66,40175,110],{"class":102},[66,40177,24915],{"class":106},[66,40179,131],{"class":102},[52,40181,40183],{"id":40182},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40185,40186,40188],{},[15,40187,2623],{}," can convert several common value types.",[258,40190,40192],{"id":40191},"integers","Integers",[20,40194,40195,40196,40199],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40197,40198],{},".0"," added:",[57,40201,40203],{"className":59,"code":40202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40204,40205,40219],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40206,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215,40217],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40208,138],{"class":137},[66,40210,110],{"class":102},[66,40212,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40214,110],{"class":102},[66,40216,1869],{"class":478},[66,40218,1330],{"class":102},[66,40220,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40222,138],{"class":137},[66,40224,110],{"class":102},[66,40226,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40228,110],{"class":102},[66,40230,1753],{"class":76},[66,40232,1788],{"class":478},[66,40234,1330],{"class":102},[20,40236,148],{},[57,40238,40240],{"className":59,"code":40239,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40241,40242,40246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40243,40244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40245,2215],{"class":478},[66,40247,40248,40250],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40249,1753],{"class":76},[66,40251,40252],{"class":478},"2.0\n",[258,40254,40256],{"id":40255},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40258,40259],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[57,40261,40263],{"className":59,"code":40262,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40264,40265,40283],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40266,40267,40269,40271,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40268,138],{"class":137},[66,40270,110],{"class":102},[66,40272,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40274,110],{"class":102},[66,40276,113],{"class":80},[66,40278,39910],{"class":84},[66,40280,113],{"class":80},[66,40282,1330],{"class":102},[66,40284,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40286,138],{"class":137},[66,40288,110],{"class":102},[66,40290,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40292,110],{"class":102},[66,40294,113],{"class":80},[66,40296,2064],{"class":84},[66,40298,113],{"class":80},[66,40300,1330],{"class":102},[20,40302,148],{},[57,40304,40306],{"className":59,"code":40305,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40307,40308,40312],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40309,40310],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40311,39944],{"class":478},[66,40313,40314],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40315,40316],{"class":478},"10.0\n",[258,40318,40320],{"id":40319},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40322,40323],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[57,40325,40327],{"className":59,"code":40326,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40328,40329],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40330,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339,40341,40344,40346],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40332,138],{"class":137},[66,40334,110],{"class":102},[66,40336,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40338,110],{"class":102},[66,40340,113],{"class":80},[66,40342,40343],{"class":84},"  8.5  ",[66,40345,113],{"class":80},[66,40347,1330],{"class":102},[20,40349,148],{},[57,40351,40353],{"className":59,"code":40352,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8.5\n",[15,40354,40355],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40356,40357],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40358,40352],{"class":478},[258,40360,40362],{"id":40361},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40364,40365],{},"Boolean values also work:",[57,40367,40369],{"className":59,"code":40368,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40370,40371,40385],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40372,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40374,138],{"class":137},[66,40376,110],{"class":102},[66,40378,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40380,110],{"class":102},[66,40382,3350],{"class":3602},[66,40384,1330],{"class":102},[66,40386,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40388,138],{"class":137},[66,40390,110],{"class":102},[66,40392,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40394,110],{"class":102},[66,40396,3424],{"class":3602},[66,40398,1330],{"class":102},[20,40400,148],{},[57,40402,40404],{"className":59,"code":40403,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40405,40406,40410],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40407,40408],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40409,39949],{"class":478},[66,40411,40412],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40413,40135],{"class":478},[258,40415,40417],{"id":40416},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40419,40420,40421,40423],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40422,2623],{}," returns a float version of it:",[57,40425,40427],{"className":59,"code":40426,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40428,40429],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40430,40431,40433,40435,40437,40439,40441],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40432,138],{"class":137},[66,40434,110],{"class":102},[66,40436,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40438,110],{"class":102},[66,40440,2096],{"class":478},[66,40442,1330],{"class":102},[20,40444,148],{},[57,40446,40447],{"className":59,"code":2120,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,40448,40449],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40450,40451],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40452,2120],{"class":478},[52,40454,40456],{"id":40455},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40458,40459,40460,103],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40461,2623],{},[258,40463,40465],{"id":40464},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40467,40468,40469,1111],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40470,40471],{},"ValueError",[57,40473,40475],{"className":59,"code":40474,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40476,40477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40478,40479,40481,40483,40485,40487,40489,40491,40493],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40480,138],{"class":137},[66,40482,110],{"class":102},[66,40484,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40486,110],{"class":102},[66,40488,113],{"class":80},[66,40490,939],{"class":84},[66,40492,113],{"class":80},[66,40494,1330],{"class":102},[20,40496,29447],{},[57,40498,40500],{"className":59,"code":40499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40501,40502],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40503,40504,40506,40508,40511,40513,40516,40518,40520,40522,40524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40505,40471],{"class":2641},[66,40507,1111],{"class":102},[66,40509,40510],{"class":72}," could ",[66,40512,4383],{"class":76},[66,40514,40515],{"class":72}," convert string to ",[66,40517,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40519,1111],{"class":102},[66,40521,3039],{"class":80},[66,40523,939],{"class":84},[66,40525,29466],{"class":80},[20,40527,40528],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[57,40530,40532],{"className":59,"code":40531,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40533,40534],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40535,40536,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40537,138],{"class":137},[66,40539,110],{"class":102},[66,40541,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40543,110],{"class":102},[66,40545,6024],{"class":80},[66,40547,1330],{"class":102},[258,40549,40551],{"id":40550},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40553,40554],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[57,40556,40558],{"className":59,"code":40557,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40559,40560],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40561,40562,40564,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576,40578,40580],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40563,138],{"class":137},[66,40565,110],{"class":102},[66,40567,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40569,2726],{"class":102},[66,40571,2729],{"class":478},[66,40573,121],{"class":102},[66,40575,561],{"class":478},[66,40577,121],{"class":102},[66,40579,2186],{"class":478},[66,40581,2740],{"class":102},[20,40583,29447],{},[57,40585,40587],{"className":59,"code":40586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40588,40589],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40590,40591,40593,40595,40597,40599,40602,40605,40608,40610,40612,40614,40616],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40592,2746],{"class":2641},[66,40594,1111],{"class":102},[66,40596,40022],{"class":2641},[66,40598,7120],{"class":102},[66,40600,40601],{"class":72}," argument must be a string ",[66,40603,40604],{"class":76},"or",[66,40606,40607],{"class":72}," a real number",[66,40609,121],{"class":102},[66,40611,7857],{"class":76},[66,40613,3039],{"class":80},[66,40615,7851],{"class":84},[66,40617,29466],{"class":80},[258,40619,40621],{"id":40620},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40623,40624],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[57,40626,40628],{"className":59,"code":40627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40629,40630],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40631,40632,40634,40636,40638,40640,40642,40645,40647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40633,138],{"class":137},[66,40635,110],{"class":102},[66,40637,1926],{"class":2641},[66,40639,110],{"class":102},[66,40641,113],{"class":80},[66,40643,40644],{"class":84},"3,14",[66,40646,113],{"class":80},[66,40648,1330],{"class":102},[20,40650,2743,40651,103],{},[15,40652,40471],{},[20,40654,40655,40656,798,40660,103],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[200,40657,40659],{"href":40658},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[200,40661,40663],{"href":40662},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[52,40665,17180],{"id":17179},[20,40667,40668,40670],{},[15,40669,2623],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40672,40673,40674,40676],{},"It does ",[398,40675,4383],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40678,923],{},[57,40680,40682],{"className":59,"code":40681,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40683,40684,40697,40711,40715,40725,40735,40749],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40685,40686,40688,40690,40692,40695],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40687,73],{"class":72},[66,40689,77],{"class":76},[66,40691,81],{"class":80},[66,40693,40694],{"class":84},"6.5",[66,40696,88],{"class":80},[66,40698,40699,40701,40703,40705,40707,40709],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40700,1951],{"class":72},[66,40702,77],{"class":76},[66,40704,40022],{"class":2641},[66,40706,110],{"class":102},[66,40708,349],{"class":106},[66,40710,131],{"class":102},[66,40712,40713],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,40714,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,40716,40717,40719,40721,40723],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,40718,138],{"class":137},[66,40720,110],{"class":102},[66,40722,349],{"class":106},[66,40724,131],{"class":102},[66,40726,40727,40729,40731,40733],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,40728,138],{"class":137},[66,40730,110],{"class":102},[66,40732,1973],{"class":106},[66,40734,131],{"class":102},[66,40736,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,40738,138],{"class":137},[66,40740,110],{"class":102},[66,40742,2964],{"class":2641},[66,40744,110],{"class":102},[66,40746,349],{"class":106},[66,40748,1330],{"class":102},[66,40750,40751,40753,40755,40757,40759,40761],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,40752,138],{"class":137},[66,40754,110],{"class":102},[66,40756,2964],{"class":2641},[66,40758,110],{"class":102},[66,40760,1973],{"class":106},[66,40762,1330],{"class":102},[20,40764,148],{},[57,40766,40768],{"className":59,"code":40767,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40769,40770,40775,40779,40793],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40771,40772],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40773,40774],{"class":478},"6.5\n",[66,40776,40777],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40778,40774],{"class":478},[66,40780,40781,40783,40785,40787,40789,40791],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,40782,3033],{"class":76},[66,40784,3036],{"class":1797},[66,40786,3039],{"class":80},[66,40788,3188],{"class":84},[66,40790,3044],{"class":80},[66,40792,3047],{"class":76},[66,40794,40795,40797,40799,40801,40803,40805],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,40796,3033],{"class":76},[66,40798,3036],{"class":1797},[66,40800,3039],{"class":80},[66,40802,1926],{"class":84},[66,40804,3044],{"class":80},[66,40806,3047],{"class":76},[20,40808,40809],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[52,40811,40813],{"id":40812},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[258,40815,40817,40818,40820],{"id":40816},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40819,2698],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40822,1711,40823,40827,40828,103],{},[200,40824,40825,2036],{"href":7977},[15,40826,2698],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40829,2623],{},[57,40831,40833],{"className":59,"code":40832,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40834,40835,40854,40868,40872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40836,40837,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847,40850,40852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40838,7995],{"class":72},[66,40840,77],{"class":76},[66,40842,8000],{"class":137},[66,40844,110],{"class":102},[66,40846,113],{"class":80},[66,40848,40849],{"class":84},"Enter a price: ",[66,40851,113],{"class":80},[66,40853,131],{"class":102},[66,40855,40856,40858,40860,40862,40864,40866],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40857,40154],{"class":72},[66,40859,77],{"class":76},[66,40861,40022],{"class":2641},[66,40863,110],{"class":102},[66,40865,8024],{"class":106},[66,40867,131],{"class":102},[66,40869,40870],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,40871,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,40873,40874,40876,40878,40880,40882,40884],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,40875,138],{"class":137},[66,40877,110],{"class":102},[66,40879,40154],{"class":106},[66,40881,39639],{"class":76},[66,40883,561],{"class":478},[66,40885,131],{"class":102},[20,40887,40888,40889,40892],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40890,40891],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[57,40894,40896],{"className":59,"code":40895,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"9.0\n",[15,40897,40898],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40899,40900],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40901,40895],{"class":478},[20,40903,40904,40905,103],{},"For more help with this, see ",[200,40906,8741],{"href":8740},[258,40908,40910],{"id":40909},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[57,40912,40914],{"className":59,"code":40913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40915,40916,40929,40942,40946,40971],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40917,40918,40920,40922,40924,40927],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40919,2291],{"class":72},[66,40921,77],{"class":76},[66,40923,81],{"class":80},[66,40925,40926],{"class":84},"2.5",[66,40928,88],{"class":80},[66,40930,40931,40933,40935,40937,40940],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,40932,2319],{"class":72},[66,40934,77],{"class":76},[66,40936,81],{"class":80},[66,40938,40939],{"class":84},"1.5",[66,40941,88],{"class":80},[66,40943,40944],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,40945,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,40947,40948,40951,40953,40955,40957,40959,40961,40963,40965,40967,40969],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,40949,40950],{"class":72},"total ",[66,40952,77],{"class":76},[66,40954,40022],{"class":2641},[66,40956,110],{"class":102},[66,40958,200],{"class":106},[66,40960,3410],{"class":102},[66,40962,2189],{"class":76},[66,40964,40022],{"class":2641},[66,40966,110],{"class":102},[66,40968,4514],{"class":106},[66,40970,131],{"class":102},[66,40972,40973,40975,40977,40980],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,40974,138],{"class":137},[66,40976,110],{"class":102},[66,40978,40979],{"class":106},"total",[66,40981,131],{"class":102},[20,40983,148],{},[57,40985,40987],{"className":59,"code":40986,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4.0\n",[15,40988,40989],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40990,40991],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40992,40986],{"class":478},[258,40994,40996],{"id":40995},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40998,40999],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[57,41001,41003],{"className":59,"code":41002,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41004,41005,41015,41029,41033],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41006,41007,41010,41012],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41008,41009],{"class":72},"count ",[66,41011,77],{"class":76},[66,41013,41014],{"class":478}," 7\n",[66,41016,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025,41027],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,41018,447],{"class":72},[66,41020,77],{"class":76},[66,41022,40022],{"class":2641},[66,41024,110],{"class":102},[66,41026,195],{"class":106},[66,41028,131],{"class":102},[66,41030,41031],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,41032,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,41034,41035,41037,41039,41041],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,41036,138],{"class":137},[66,41038,110],{"class":102},[66,41040,494],{"class":106},[66,41042,131],{"class":102},[20,41044,148],{},[57,41046,41048],{"className":59,"code":41047,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7.0\n",[15,41049,41050],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41051,41052],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41053,41047],{"class":478},[258,41055,41057],{"id":41056},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41059,41060,41061,41063],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41062,2623],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[57,41065,41067],{"className":59,"code":41066,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41068,41069,41083,41099,41103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41070,41071,41074,41076,41078,41081],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41072,41073],{"class":72},"temperature_text ",[66,41075,77],{"class":76},[66,41077,81],{"class":80},[66,41079,41080],{"class":84},"21.8",[66,41082,88],{"class":80},[66,41084,41085,41088,41090,41092,41094,41097],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,41086,41087],{"class":72},"temperature ",[66,41089,77],{"class":76},[66,41091,40022],{"class":2641},[66,41093,110],{"class":102},[66,41095,41096],{"class":106},"temperature_text",[66,41098,131],{"class":102},[66,41100,41101],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,41102,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,41104,41105,41107,41109,41112],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,41106,138],{"class":137},[66,41108,110],{"class":102},[66,41110,41111],{"class":106},"temperature",[66,41113,131],{"class":102},[52,41115,41117],{"id":41116},"special-values","Special values",[20,41119,41120,41122],{},[15,41121,2623],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[258,41124,41126],{"id":41125},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[57,41128,41130],{"className":59,"code":41129,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41131,41132],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41133,41134,41136,41138,41140,41142,41144,41147,41149],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41135,138],{"class":137},[66,41137,110],{"class":102},[66,41139,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41141,110],{"class":102},[66,41143,113],{"class":80},[66,41145,41146],{"class":84},"inf",[66,41148,113],{"class":80},[66,41150,1330],{"class":102},[20,41152,148],{},[57,41154,41156],{"className":59,"code":41155,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"inf\n",[15,41157,41158],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41159,41160],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41161,41155],{"class":72},[258,41163,41165],{"id":41164},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[57,41167,41169],{"className":59,"code":41168,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41170,41171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41172,41173,41175,41177,41179,41181,41183,41186,41188],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41174,138],{"class":137},[66,41176,110],{"class":102},[66,41178,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41180,110],{"class":102},[66,41182,113],{"class":80},[66,41184,41185],{"class":84},"-inf",[66,41187,113],{"class":80},[66,41189,1330],{"class":102},[20,41191,148],{},[57,41193,41195],{"className":59,"code":41194,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-inf\n",[15,41196,41197],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41198,41199,41201],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41200,1753],{"class":76},[66,41202,41155],{"class":72},[258,41204,41206],{"id":41205},"not-a-number","Not a number",[57,41208,41210],{"className":59,"code":41209,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41211,41212],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41213,41214,41216,41218,41220,41222,41224,41227,41229],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41215,138],{"class":137},[66,41217,110],{"class":102},[66,41219,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41221,110],{"class":102},[66,41223,113],{"class":80},[66,41225,41226],{"class":84},"nan",[66,41228,113],{"class":80},[66,41230,1330],{"class":102},[20,41232,148],{},[57,41234,41236],{"className":59,"code":41235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nan\n",[15,41237,41238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41239,41240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41241,41235],{"class":72},[20,41243,41244],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[33,41246,41247,41252,41257],{},[36,41248,41249,41251],{},[15,41250,41146],{}," means positive infinity",[36,41253,41254,41256],{},[15,41255,41185],{}," means negative infinity",[36,41258,41259,41261],{},[15,41260,41226],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41263,41264,41265,41267],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41266,2623],{}," accepts them.",[52,41269,41271],{"id":41270},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41273,41274,41275,41277],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41276,2623],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[258,41279,40471],{"id":41280},"valueerror",[20,41282,14950,41283,41285],{},[15,41284,40471],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41287,41288],{},"Common causes:",[33,41290,41291,41297,41300,41303],{},[36,41292,41293,41294],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41295,41296],{},"\"abc\"",[36,41298,41299],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[36,41301,41302],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[36,41304,4457,41305],{},[200,41306,41307,41309],{"href":7977},[15,41308,2698],{}," returns a string",[20,41311,923],{},[57,41313,41315],{"className":59,"code":41314,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41316,41317,41330],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41318,41319,41321,41323,41325,41328],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41320,2181],{"class":72},[66,41322,77],{"class":76},[66,41324,81],{"class":80},[66,41326,41327],{"class":84},"abc",[66,41329,88],{"class":80},[66,41331,41332,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,41333,138],{"class":137},[66,41335,110],{"class":102},[66,41337,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41339,110],{"class":102},[66,41341,2208],{"class":106},[66,41343,1330],{"class":102},[258,41345,2746],{"id":41346},"typeerror",[20,41348,14950,41349,41351],{},[15,41350,2746],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41353,41288],{},[33,41355,41356,41359,41362],{},[36,41357,41358],{},"Passing a list",[36,41360,41361],{},"Passing a dictionary",[36,41363,41364],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41366,923],{},[57,41368,41370],{"className":59,"code":41369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41371,41372,41397],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41373,41374,41376,41378,41380,41382,41384,41386,41388,41390,41393,41395],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41375,2181],{"class":72},[66,41377,77],{"class":76},[66,41379,10253],{"class":102},[66,41381,113],{"class":80},[66,41383,24915],{"class":84},[66,41385,113],{"class":80},[66,41387,1111],{"class":102},[66,41389,81],{"class":80},[66,41391,41392],{"class":84},"9.99",[66,41394,113],{"class":80},[66,41396,9070],{"class":102},[66,41398,41399,41401,41403,41405,41407,41409],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,41400,138],{"class":137},[66,41402,110],{"class":102},[66,41404,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41406,110],{"class":102},[66,41408,2208],{"class":106},[66,41410,1330],{"class":102},[258,41412,41414],{"id":41413},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41416,41417,41418,41420],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41419,781],{}," can help:",[57,41422,41424],{"className":59,"code":41423,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41425,41426,41439,41454,41458],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41427,41428,41430,41432,41434,41437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41429,2181],{"class":72},[66,41431,77],{"class":76},[66,41433,81],{"class":80},[66,41435,41436],{"class":84},"  7.25  ",[66,41438,88],{"class":80},[66,41440,41441,41444,41446,41448,41450,41452],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,41442,41443],{"class":72},"clean_value ",[66,41445,77],{"class":76},[66,41447,8192],{"class":72},[66,41449,103],{"class":102},[66,41451,8393],{"class":106},[66,41453,8402],{"class":102},[66,41455,41456],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,41457,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,41459,41460,41462,41464,41466,41468,41471],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,41461,138],{"class":137},[66,41463,110],{"class":102},[66,41465,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41467,110],{"class":102},[66,41469,41470],{"class":106},"clean_value",[66,41472,1330],{"class":102},[20,41474,148],{},[57,41476,41478],{"className":59,"code":41477,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7.25\n",[15,41479,41480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41481,41482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41483,41477],{"class":478},[258,41485,41487],{"id":41486},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41489,41490],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[57,41492,41494],{"className":59,"code":41493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41495,41496,41509,41513,41523,41537,41552,41556,41570],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41497,41498,41500,41502,41504,41507],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41499,2181],{"class":72},[66,41501,77],{"class":76},[66,41503,81],{"class":80},[66,41505,41506],{"class":84}," 3.5 ",[66,41508,88],{"class":80},[66,41510,41511],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,41512,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,41514,41515,41517,41519,41521],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,41516,138],{"class":137},[66,41518,110],{"class":102},[66,41520,2208],{"class":106},[66,41522,131],{"class":102},[66,41524,41525,41527,41529,41531,41533,41535],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,41526,138],{"class":137},[66,41528,110],{"class":102},[66,41530,2964],{"class":2641},[66,41532,110],{"class":102},[66,41534,2208],{"class":106},[66,41536,1330],{"class":102},[66,41538,41539,41541,41543,41546,41548,41550],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,41540,138],{"class":137},[66,41542,110],{"class":102},[66,41544,41545],{"class":137},"repr",[66,41547,110],{"class":102},[66,41549,2208],{"class":106},[66,41551,1330],{"class":102},[66,41553,41554],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,41555,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,41557,41558,41560,41562,41564,41566,41568],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,41559,41443],{"class":72},[66,41561,77],{"class":76},[66,41563,8192],{"class":72},[66,41565,103],{"class":102},[66,41567,8393],{"class":106},[66,41569,8402],{"class":102},[66,41571,41572,41574,41576,41578,41580,41582],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,41573,138],{"class":137},[66,41575,110],{"class":102},[66,41577,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41579,110],{"class":102},[66,41581,41470],{"class":106},[66,41583,1330],{"class":102},[20,41585,41586],{},"Why this helps:",[33,41588,41589,41595,41600,41606],{},[36,41590,41591,41594],{},[15,41592,41593],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[36,41596,41597,21131],{},[15,41598,41599],{},"print(type(value))",[36,41601,41602,41605],{},[15,41603,41604],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[36,41607,41608,41610],{},[15,41609,781],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[258,41612,41614],{"id":41613},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41616,41617],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[57,41619,41621],{"className":59,"code":41620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41622,41623,41642,41646,41652,41667,41686,41695],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41624,41625,41627,41629,41631,41633,41635,41638,41640],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41626,2181],{"class":72},[66,41628,77],{"class":76},[66,41630,8000],{"class":137},[66,41632,110],{"class":102},[66,41634,113],{"class":80},[66,41636,41637],{"class":84},"Enter a number: ",[66,41639,113],{"class":80},[66,41641,131],{"class":102},[66,41643,41644],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,41645,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,41647,41648,41650],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,41649,29570],{"class":3627},[66,41651,6146],{"class":102},[66,41653,41654,41657,41659,41661,41663,41665],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,41655,41656],{"class":72},"    number ",[66,41658,77],{"class":76},[66,41660,40022],{"class":2641},[66,41662,110],{"class":102},[66,41664,2208],{"class":106},[66,41666,131],{"class":102},[66,41668,41669,41671,41673,41675,41678,41680,41682,41684],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,41670,7826],{"class":137},[66,41672,110],{"class":102},[66,41674,113],{"class":80},[66,41676,41677],{"class":84},"Converted:",[66,41679,113],{"class":80},[66,41681,121],{"class":102},[66,41683,1931],{"class":106},[66,41685,131],{"class":102},[66,41687,41688,41690,41693],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,41689,29601],{"class":3627},[66,41691,41692],{"class":2641}," ValueError",[66,41694,6146],{"class":102},[66,41696,41697,41699,41701,41703,41706,41708],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,41698,7826],{"class":137},[66,41700,110],{"class":102},[66,41702,113],{"class":80},[66,41704,41705],{"class":84},"That is not a valid number.",[66,41707,113],{"class":80},[66,41709,131],{"class":102},[20,41711,41712,41713,103],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[200,41714,40663],{"href":40662},[52,41716,41718],{"id":41717},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41720,10353,41721,798,41723,41725],{},[15,41722,2623],{},[15,41724,2616],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41727,41728,41730],{},[15,41729,2623],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[57,41732,41734],{"className":59,"code":41733,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41735,41736],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41737,41738,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41751,41753],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41739,138],{"class":137},[66,41741,110],{"class":102},[66,41743,1926],{"class":2641},[66,41745,110],{"class":102},[66,41747,113],{"class":80},[66,41749,41750],{"class":84},"3.9",[66,41752,113],{"class":80},[66,41754,1330],{"class":102},[20,41756,148],{},[57,41758,41760],{"className":59,"code":41759,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.9\n",[15,41761,41762],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41763,41764],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41765,41759],{"class":478},[20,41767,41768,41770],{},[15,41769,2616],{}," creates whole numbers:",[57,41772,41774],{"className":59,"code":41773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41775,41776],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41777,41778,41780,41782,41784,41786,41788,41790,41792],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41779,138],{"class":137},[66,41781,110],{"class":102},[66,41783,1922],{"class":2641},[66,41785,110],{"class":102},[66,41787,113],{"class":80},[66,41789,2064],{"class":84},[66,41791,113],{"class":80},[66,41793,1330],{"class":102},[20,41795,148],{},[57,41797,41798],{"className":59,"code":2110,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,41799,41800],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41801,41802],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41803,2110],{"class":478},[20,41805,41806,41807,41810],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41808,41809],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[57,41812,41814],{"className":59,"code":41813,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41815,41816],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41817,41818,41820,41822,41824,41826,41828,41830,41832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41819,138],{"class":137},[66,41821,110],{"class":102},[66,41823,1922],{"class":2641},[66,41825,110],{"class":102},[66,41827,113],{"class":80},[66,41829,41750],{"class":84},[66,41831,113],{"class":80},[66,41833,1330],{"class":102},[20,41835,2743,41836,8360,41838,41841],{},[15,41837,40471],{},[15,41839,41840],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41843,10476],{},[33,41845,41846,41852],{},[36,41847,41848,41851],{},[15,41849,41850],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[36,41853,41854,41856],{},[15,41855,41809],{}," fails",[20,41858,41859,41860,41863,41864,41866],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[200,41861,41862],{"href":2613},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[200,41865,2154],{"href":2153}," helpful.",[52,41868,1518],{"id":1517},[258,41870,41872],{"id":41871},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41874,41875,41876,2617,41878,103],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41877,2227],{},[15,41879,39910],{},[258,41881,41883],{"id":41882},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41885,41886,41887,2617,41890,103],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41888,41889],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41891,41892],{},"\"10\"",[258,41894,41896],{"id":41895},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41898,28827,41899,41901,41902,103],{},[15,41900,41296],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41903,40471],{},[258,41905,41907],{"id":41906},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41909,4903,41910,103],{},[15,41911,3518],{},[258,41913,41915],{"id":41914},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41917,41918,41919,41921,41922,798,41925,41921,41927,103],{},"Yes. ",[15,41920,3350],{}," becomes ",[15,41923,41924],{},"1.0",[15,41926,3424],{},[15,41928,3518],{},[52,41930,1620],{"id":1619},[33,41932,41933,41937,41943,41948,41952,41956],{},[36,41934,41935],{},[200,41936,41862],{"href":2613},[36,41938,41939],{},[200,41940,41942],{"href":41941},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[36,41944,41945],{},[200,41946,41947],{"href":40658},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[36,41949,41950],{},[200,41951,8818],{"href":8740},[36,41953,41954],{},[200,41955,40663],{"href":40662},[36,41957,41958],{},[200,41959,41960],{"href":7977},"Python input() Function Explained",[1651,41962,41963],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":41965},[41966,41967,41968,41969,41976,41981,41982,41989,41994,42001,42002,42009],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":39957,"depth":91,"text":39958},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":40182,"depth":91,"text":40183,"children":41970},[41971,41972,41973,41974,41975],{"id":40191,"depth":134,"text":40192},{"id":40255,"depth":134,"text":40256},{"id":40319,"depth":134,"text":40320},{"id":40361,"depth":134,"text":40362},{"id":40416,"depth":134,"text":40417},{"id":40455,"depth":91,"text":40456,"children":41977},[41978,41979,41980],{"id":40464,"depth":134,"text":40465},{"id":40550,"depth":134,"text":40551},{"id":40620,"depth":134,"text":40621},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":40812,"depth":91,"text":40813,"children":41983},[41984,41986,41987,41988],{"id":40816,"depth":134,"text":41985},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40909,"depth":134,"text":40910},{"id":40995,"depth":134,"text":40996},{"id":41056,"depth":134,"text":41057},{"id":41116,"depth":91,"text":41117,"children":41990},[41991,41992,41993],{"id":41125,"depth":134,"text":41126},{"id":41164,"depth":134,"text":41165},{"id":41205,"depth":134,"text":41206},{"id":41270,"depth":91,"text":41271,"children":41995},[41996,41997,41998,41999,42000],{"id":41280,"depth":134,"text":40471},{"id":41346,"depth":134,"text":2746},{"id":41413,"depth":134,"text":41414},{"id":41486,"depth":134,"text":41487},{"id":41613,"depth":134,"text":41614},{"id":41717,"depth":91,"text":41718},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":42003},[42004,42005,42006,42007,42008],{"id":41871,"depth":134,"text":41872},{"id":41882,"depth":134,"text":41883},{"id":41895,"depth":134,"text":41896},{"id":41906,"depth":134,"text":41907},{"id":41914,"depth":134,"text":41915},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39858,"description":42010},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42017,"title":42018,"body":42019,"description":43239,"extension":1694,"meta":43240,"navigation":338,"path":34789,"seo":43241,"stem":43242,"__hash__":43243},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42020,"toc":43205},[42021,42024,42029,42032,42034,42073,42087,42091,42096,42099,42116,42119,42129,42144,42147,42149,42152,42168,42171,42174,42194,42198,42209,42212,42216,42220,42234,42269,42273,42284,42319,42322,42324,42332,42365,42381,42383,42393,42414,42425,42427,42432,42435,42449,42451,42470,42473,42486,42489,42493,42497,42511,42514,42532,42535,42550,42554,42559,42573,42579,42581,42637,42639,42672,42675,42691,42695,42702,42706,42711,42714,42725,42729,42734,42749,42758,42763,42782,42785,42797,42799,42804,42814,42817,42846,42851,42860,42864,42869,42872,42876,42881,42883,42913,42916,42923,42928,42933,42937,42940,42948,42951,43029,43032,43054,43056,43060,43063,43067,43073,43136,43140,43148,43152,43155,43157,43182,43202],[10,42022,42018],{"id":42023},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42025,3328,42026,42028],{},[15,42027,34792],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42030,42031],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[52,42033,55],{"id":54},[57,42035,42037],{"className":59,"code":42036,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42038,42039,42049,42059],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42040,42041,42043,42045,42047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42042,31920],{"class":137},[66,42044,110],{"class":102},[66,42046,10924],{"class":137},[66,42048,131],{"class":102},[66,42050,42051,42053,42055,42057],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42052,31920],{"class":137},[66,42054,110],{"class":102},[66,42056,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42058,131],{"class":102},[66,42060,42061,42063,42065,42067,42069,42071],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,42062,31920],{"class":137},[66,42064,110],{"class":102},[66,42066,3044],{"class":80},[66,42068,34427],{"class":84},[66,42070,3044],{"class":80},[66,42072,131],{"class":102},[20,42074,160,42075,42077,42078,2617,42080,42082,42083,42086],{},[15,42076,34792],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42079,10924],{},[15,42081,3188],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42084,42085],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[52,42088,42090],{"id":42089},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42092,42093,42095],{},[15,42094,34792],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42097,42098],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[33,42100,42101,42104,42107,42110,42113],{},[36,42102,42103],{},"Functions",[36,42105,42106],{},"Classes",[36,42108,42109],{},"Methods",[36,42111,42112],{},"Modules",[36,42114,42115],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42117,42118],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42120,42121,42122,42128],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[200,42123,42125],{"href":42124},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42126,42127],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[57,42130,42132],{"className":59,"code":42131,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\n",[15,42133,42134],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42135,42136,42138,42140,42142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42137,31920],{"class":137},[66,42139,110],{"class":102},[66,42141,10924],{"class":137},[66,42143,131],{"class":102},[20,42145,42146],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[52,42148,1891],{"id":1890},[20,42150,42151],{},"The main form is:",[57,42153,42155],{"className":59,"code":42154,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(object)\n",[15,42156,42157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42158,42159,42161,42163,42166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42160,31920],{"class":137},[66,42162,110],{"class":102},[66,42164,42165],{"class":2641},"object",[66,42167,131],{"class":102},[20,42169,42170],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42172,42173],{},"Common examples include:",[33,42175,42176,42180,42185,42189],{},[36,42177,42178],{},[15,42179,10924],{},[36,42181,42182],{},[15,42183,42184],{},"list.append",[36,42186,42187],{},[15,42188,3188],{},[36,42190,42191],{},[15,42192,42193],{},"open",[20,42195,6930,42196,6933],{},[15,42197,34792],{},[57,42199,42201],{"className":59,"code":42200,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help()\n",[15,42202,42203],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42204,42205,42207],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42206,31920],{"class":137},[66,42208,8402],{"class":102},[20,42210,42211],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[52,42213,42215],{"id":42214},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[258,42217,42219],{"id":42218},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42221,42222,42223,1923,42225,1923,42227,16835,42230,103],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42224,10924],{},[15,42226,138],{},[15,42228,42229],{},"input",[200,42231,42232],{"href":2032},[15,42233,2035],{},[57,42235,42237],{"className":59,"code":42236,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42238,42239,42249,42259],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42240,42241,42243,42245,42247],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42242,31920],{"class":137},[66,42244,110],{"class":102},[66,42246,138],{"class":137},[66,42248,131],{"class":102},[66,42250,42251,42253,42255,42257],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42252,31920],{"class":137},[66,42254,110],{"class":102},[66,42256,42229],{"class":137},[66,42258,131],{"class":102},[66,42260,42261,42263,42265,42267],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,42262,31920],{"class":137},[66,42264,110],{"class":102},[66,42266,2964],{"class":2641},[66,42268,131],{"class":102},[258,42270,42272],{"id":42271},"data-types","Data types",[20,42274,42275,42276,1923,42278,1923,42280,16835,42282,103],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42277,3188],{},[15,42279,7851],{},[15,42281,8581],{},[15,42283,6039],{},[57,42285,42287],{"className":59,"code":42286,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42288,42289,42299,42309],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42290,42291,42293,42295,42297],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42292,31920],{"class":137},[66,42294,110],{"class":102},[66,42296,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42298,131],{"class":102},[66,42300,42301,42303,42305,42307],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42302,31920],{"class":137},[66,42304,110],{"class":102},[66,42306,7851],{"class":2641},[66,42308,131],{"class":102},[66,42310,42311,42313,42315,42317],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,42312,31920],{"class":137},[66,42314,110],{"class":102},[66,42316,8581],{"class":2641},[66,42318,131],{"class":102},[20,42320,42321],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[258,42323,42109],{"id":34274},[20,42325,42326,42327,798,42330,103],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42328,42329],{},"str.split",[15,42331,42184],{},[57,42333,42335],{"className":59,"code":42334,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42336,42337,42351],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42338,42339,42341,42343,42345,42347,42349],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42340,31920],{"class":137},[66,42342,110],{"class":102},[66,42344,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42346,103],{"class":102},[66,42348,34237],{"class":24515},[66,42350,131],{"class":102},[66,42352,42353,42355,42357,42359,42361,42363],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42354,31920],{"class":137},[66,42356,110],{"class":102},[66,42358,7851],{"class":2641},[66,42360,103],{"class":102},[66,42362,13314],{"class":24515},[66,42364,131],{"class":102},[20,42366,42367,42368,8464,42370,28079,42375,42377,42378,42380],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42369,34792],{},[200,42371,42373],{"href":42372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42374,34080],{},[15,42376,34080],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42379,34792],{}," explains one of them.",[258,42382,42112],{"id":34427},[20,42384,42385,42386,1923,42388,16835,42390,103],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42387,18179],{},[15,42389,34955],{},[15,42391,42392],{},"os",[57,42394,42396],{"className":59,"code":42395,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42397,42398,42404],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42399,42400,42402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42401,34856],{"class":3627},[66,42403,34859],{"class":72},[66,42405,42406,42408,42410,42412],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42407,31920],{"class":137},[66,42409,110],{"class":102},[66,42411,18179],{"class":106},[66,42413,131],{"class":102},[20,42415,42416,42417,42421,42422,103],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[200,42418,42420],{"href":42419},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[200,42423,34922],{"href":42424},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[52,42426,34684],{"id":34683},[20,42428,42429,42431],{},[15,42430,34792],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42433,42434],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[33,42436,42437,42440,42443,42446],{},[36,42438,42439],{},"The function signature",[36,42441,42442],{},"The short description",[36,42444,42445],{},"Parameter names",[36,42447,42448],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42450,5226],{},[57,42452,42454],{"className":59,"code":42453,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42455,42456],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42457,42458,42460,42462,42464,42466,42468],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42459,31920],{"class":137},[66,42461,110],{"class":102},[66,42463,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42465,103],{"class":102},[66,42467,34237],{"class":24515},[66,42469,131],{"class":102},[20,42471,42472],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[33,42474,42475,42478,42481,42483],{},[36,42476,42477],{},"What object this is",[36,42479,42480],{},"What arguments it accepts",[36,42482,21734],{},[36,42484,42485],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42487,42488],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[52,42490,42492],{"id":42491},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42494,42495,29640],{},[15,42496,34792],{},[33,42498,42499,42502,42505,42508],{},[36,42500,42501],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[36,42503,42504],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[36,42506,42507],{},"You are exploring a new module",[36,42509,42510],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42512,42513],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[57,42515,42516],{"className":59,"code":42453,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,42517,42518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42519,42520,42522,42524,42526,42528,42530],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42521,31920],{"class":137},[66,42523,110],{"class":102},[66,42525,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42527,103],{"class":102},[66,42529,34237],{"class":24515},[66,42531,131],{"class":102},[20,42533,42534],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[57,42536,42538],{"className":59,"code":42537,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(open)\n",[15,42539,42540],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42541,42542,42544,42546,42548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42543,31920],{"class":137},[66,42545,110],{"class":102},[66,42547,42193],{"class":137},[66,42549,131],{"class":102},[52,42551,42553],{"id":42552},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42555,42556,42558],{},[15,42557,34792],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[33,42560,42561,42564,42567,42570],{},[36,42562,42563],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[36,42565,42566],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[36,42568,42569],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[36,42571,42572],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42574,42575,42576,42578],{},"So, ",[15,42577,34792],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42580,5226],{},[57,42582,42584],{"className":59,"code":42583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42585,42586,42599,42622,42626],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42587,42588,42590,42592,42594,42597],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42589,73],{"class":72},[66,42591,77],{"class":76},[66,42593,81],{"class":80},[66,42595,42596],{"class":84},"a,b,c",[66,42598,88],{"class":80},[66,42600,42601,42604,42606,42608,42610,42612,42614,42616,42618,42620],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42602,42603],{"class":72},"parts ",[66,42605,77],{"class":76},[66,42607,99],{"class":72},[66,42609,103],{"class":102},[66,42611,34237],{"class":106},[66,42613,110],{"class":102},[66,42615,113],{"class":80},[66,42617,121],{"class":84},[66,42619,113],{"class":80},[66,42621,131],{"class":102},[66,42623,42624],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,42625,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,42627,42628,42630,42632,42635],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,42629,138],{"class":137},[66,42631,110],{"class":102},[66,42633,42634],{"class":106},"parts",[66,42636,131],{"class":102},[20,42638,5313],{},[57,42640,42642],{"className":59,"code":42641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42643,42644],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42645,42646,42648,42650,42652,42654,42656,42658,42660,42662,42664,42666,42668,42670],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42647,3652],{"class":102},[66,42649,3044],{"class":80},[66,42651,200],{"class":84},[66,42653,3044],{"class":80},[66,42655,121],{"class":102},[66,42657,3039],{"class":80},[66,42659,4514],{"class":84},[66,42661,3044],{"class":80},[66,42663,121],{"class":102},[66,42665,3039],{"class":80},[66,42667,9501],{"class":84},[66,42669,3044],{"class":80},[66,42671,3383],{"class":102},[20,42673,42674],{},"A good workflow is:",[28479,42676,42677,42682,42685,42688],{},[36,42678,160,42679,42681],{},[15,42680,34792],{}," to inspect something",[36,42683,42684],{},"Write a tiny example",[36,42686,42687],{},"Check the result",[36,42689,42690],{},"Repeat",[52,42692,42694],{"id":42693},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42696,42697,798,42699,42701],{},[15,42698,34792],{},[15,42700,34080],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[258,42703,42704],{"id":31920},[15,42705,34792],{},[20,42707,160,42708,42710],{},[15,42709,34792],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42712,42713],{},"It tells you:",[33,42715,42716,42719,42722],{},[36,42717,42718],{},"What something is",[36,42720,42721],{},"How to use it",[36,42723,42724],{},"What parameters it accepts",[258,42726,42727],{"id":34141},[15,42728,34080],{},[20,42730,160,42731,42733],{},[15,42732,34080],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[57,42735,42737],{"className":59,"code":42736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dir(str)\n",[15,42738,42739],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42740,42741,42743,42745,42747],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42742,34141],{"class":137},[66,42744,110],{"class":102},[66,42746,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42748,131],{"class":102},[20,42750,42751,42752,1923,42754,16835,42756,103],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42753,34237],{},[15,42755,8393],{},[15,42757,8399],{},[20,42759,42760,42761,1111],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42762,34792],{},[57,42764,42766],{"className":59,"code":42765,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42767,42768],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42769,42770,42772,42774,42776,42778,42780],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42771,31920],{"class":137},[66,42773,110],{"class":102},[66,42775,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42777,103],{"class":102},[66,42779,8399],{"class":24515},[66,42781,131],{"class":102},[20,42783,42784],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[33,42786,42787,42792],{},[36,42788,160,42789,42791],{},[15,42790,34080],{}," to discover options",[36,42793,160,42794,42796],{},[15,42795,34792],{}," to understand one option",[52,42798,2568],{"id":2567},[20,42800,42801,42802,103],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42803,34792],{},[258,42805,8176,42807,42810,42811],{"id":42806},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42808,42809],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42812,42813],{},"help(len)",[20,42815,42816],{},"These are not always the same.",[57,42818,42820],{"className":59,"code":42819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42821,42822,42832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42823,42824,42826,42828,42830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42825,31920],{"class":137},[66,42827,110],{"class":102},[66,42829,10924],{"class":137},[66,42831,131],{"class":102},[66,42833,42834,42836,42838,42840,42842,42844],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42835,31920],{"class":137},[66,42837,110],{"class":102},[66,42839,3044],{"class":80},[66,42841,10924],{"class":84},[66,42843,3044],{"class":80},[66,42845,131],{"class":102},[20,42847,42848,42850],{},[15,42849,42813],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42852,42853,42855,42856,42859],{},[15,42854,42809],{}," treats ",[15,42857,42858],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[258,42861,42863],{"id":42862},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42865,42866,42868],{},[15,42867,34792],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42870,42871],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[258,42873,42875],{"id":42874},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42877,40110,42878,42880],{},[15,42879,34792],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42882,923],{},[57,42884,42886],{"className":59,"code":42885,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42887,42888,42898],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42889,42890,42892,42894,42896],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42891,31920],{"class":137},[66,42893,110],{"class":102},[66,42895,10924],{"class":137},[66,42897,131],{"class":102},[66,42899,42900,42902,42904,42906,42909,42911],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42901,138],{"class":137},[66,42903,110],{"class":102},[66,42905,113],{"class":80},[66,42907,42908],{"class":84},"Done",[66,42910,113],{"class":80},[66,42912,131],{"class":102},[20,42914,42915],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[258,42917,1128,42919,8464,42921],{"id":42918},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42920,34792],{},[15,42922,34080],{},[20,42924,42925,42926,103],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42927,34080],{},[20,42929,42930,42931,103],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42932,34792],{},[52,42934,42936],{"id":42935},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42938,42939],{},"Open Python:",[57,42941,42942],{"className":59,"code":35308,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,42943,42944],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42945,42946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42947,35308],{"class":72},[20,42949,42950],{},"Then test these commands:",[57,42952,42954],{"className":59,"code":42953,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42955,42956,42966,42980,42994,43004,43019],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42957,42958,42960,42962,42964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42959,31920],{"class":137},[66,42961,110],{"class":102},[66,42963,10924],{"class":137},[66,42965,131],{"class":102},[66,42967,42968,42970,42972,42974,42976,42978],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,42969,31920],{"class":137},[66,42971,110],{"class":102},[66,42973,3188],{"class":2641},[66,42975,103],{"class":102},[66,42977,34237],{"class":24515},[66,42979,131],{"class":102},[66,42981,42982,42984,42986,42988,42990,42992],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,42983,31920],{"class":137},[66,42985,110],{"class":102},[66,42987,7851],{"class":2641},[66,42989,103],{"class":102},[66,42991,13314],{"class":24515},[66,42993,131],{"class":102},[66,42995,42996,42998,43000,43002],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,42997,31920],{"class":137},[66,42999,110],{"class":102},[66,43001,42193],{"class":137},[66,43003,131],{"class":102},[66,43005,43006,43008,43010,43012,43015,43017],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,43007,31920],{"class":137},[66,43009,110],{"class":102},[66,43011,3044],{"class":80},[66,43013,43014],{"class":84},"keywords",[66,43016,3044],{"class":80},[66,43018,131],{"class":102},[66,43020,43021,43023,43025,43027],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,43022,34141],{"class":137},[66,43024,110],{"class":102},[66,43026,3188],{"class":2641},[66,43028,131],{"class":102},[20,43030,43031],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[33,43033,43034,43037,43040,43043,43046,43049],{},[36,43035,43036],{},"A built-in function",[36,43038,43039],{},"A string method",[36,43041,43042],{},"A list method",[36,43044,43045],{},"A built-in file function",[36,43047,43048],{},"A special help topic",[36,43050,14950,43051,43053],{},[15,43052,34080],{}," example for comparison",[52,43055,1518],{"id":1517},[258,43057,43059],{"id":43058},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43061,43062],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[258,43064,43066],{"id":43065},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43068,43069,43070,43072],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43071,34792],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[57,43074,43076],{"className":59,"code":43075,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43077,43078,43090,43103,43122,43126],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43079,43080,43082,43084,43086,43088],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43081,34618],{"class":1797},[66,43083,34622],{"class":34621},[66,43085,110],{"class":102},[66,43087,7423],{"class":37428},[66,43089,8100],{"class":102},[66,43091,43092,43096,43100],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,43093,43095],{"class":43094},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[66,43097,43099],{"class":43098},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[66,43101,43102],{"class":43094},"\"\"\"\n",[66,43104,43105,43107,43110,43113,43115,43117,43119],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,43106,34629],{"class":3627},[66,43108,43109],{"class":1797}," f",[66,43111,43112],{"class":84},"\"Hello, ",[66,43114,9039],{"class":478},[66,43116,7423],{"class":72},[66,43118,22067],{"class":478},[66,43120,43121],{"class":84},"!\"\n",[66,43123,43124],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,43125,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,43127,43128,43130,43132,43134],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,43129,31920],{"class":137},[66,43131,110],{"class":102},[66,43133,34663],{"class":106},[66,43135,131],{"class":102},[258,43137,43139],{"id":43138},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43141,43142,43144,43145,43147],{},[15,43143,42813],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43146,42809],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[258,43149,43151],{"id":43150},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43153,43154],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[52,43156,1620],{"id":1619},[33,43158,43159,43164,43168,43173,43178],{},[36,43160,43161],{},[200,43162,43163],{"href":42372},"Python dir() function explained",[36,43165,43166],{},[200,43167,8201],{"href":2032},[36,43169,43170],{},[200,43171,43172],{"href":42124},"Python len() function explained",[36,43174,43175],{},[200,43176,43177],{"href":42419},"How import works in Python",[36,43179,43180],{},[200,43181,34922],{"href":42424},[20,43183,43184,43185,43187,43188,1923,43190,16835,43192,43194,43195,2617,43198,43201],{},"Try ",[15,43186,34792],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43189,10924],{},[15,43191,138],{},[15,43193,42229],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43196,43197],{},"dir(str)",[15,43199,43200],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1651,43203,43204],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":43206},[43207,43208,43209,43210,43216,43217,43218,43219,43223,43231,43232,43238],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":42089,"depth":91,"text":42090},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":42214,"depth":91,"text":42215,"children":43211},[43212,43213,43214,43215],{"id":42218,"depth":134,"text":42219},{"id":42271,"depth":134,"text":42272},{"id":34274,"depth":134,"text":42109},{"id":34427,"depth":134,"text":42112},{"id":34683,"depth":91,"text":34684},{"id":42491,"depth":91,"text":42492},{"id":42552,"depth":91,"text":42553},{"id":42693,"depth":91,"text":42694,"children":43220},[43221,43222],{"id":31920,"depth":134,"text":34792},{"id":34141,"depth":134,"text":34080},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":43224},[43225,43227,43228,43229],{"id":42806,"depth":134,"text":43226},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42862,"depth":134,"text":42863},{"id":42874,"depth":134,"text":42875},{"id":42918,"depth":134,"text":43230},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42935,"depth":91,"text":42936},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":43233},[43234,43235,43236,43237],{"id":43058,"depth":134,"text":43059},{"id":43065,"depth":134,"text":43066},{"id":43138,"depth":134,"text":43139},{"id":43150,"depth":134,"text":43151},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42018,"description":43239},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43245,"title":43246,"body":43247,"description":44609,"extension":1694,"meta":44610,"navigation":338,"path":44611,"seo":44612,"stem":44613,"__hash__":44614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43248,"toc":44582},[43249,43255,43260,43266,43276,43335,43345,43356,43361,43367,43369,43387,43395,43397,43399,43414,43417,43428,43430,43521,43524,43528,43533,43554,43556,43667,43669,43696,43707,43711,43714,43797,43799,43807,43813,43819,43823,43826,43936,43938,43951,43954,43968,43976,43983,43988,44002,44008,44121,44123,44184,44187,44193,44199,44202,44224,44227,44297,44300,44332,44339,44341,44344,44362,44365,44377,44383,44385,44390,44416,44419,44491,44493,44499,44502,44508,44511,44517,44527,44533,44536,44543,44546,44548,44579],[10,43250,3321,43252,3325],{"id":43251},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43253,43254],{},"id()",[20,43256,32085,43257,43259],{},[15,43258,43254],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43261,43262,43263,43265],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43264,43254],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43267,160,43268,43270,43271,43273,43274,103],{},[15,43269,43254],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[398,43272,4383],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43275,4441],{},[57,43277,43279],{"className":59,"code":43278,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43280,43281,43293,43307,43311,43321],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43282,43283,43285,43287,43289,43291],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43284,7633],{"class":72},[66,43286,77],{"class":76},[66,43288,81],{"class":80},[66,43290,1047],{"class":84},[66,43292,88],{"class":80},[66,43294,43295,43297,43299,43301,43303,43305],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,43296,138],{"class":137},[66,43298,110],{"class":102},[66,43300,12412],{"class":137},[66,43302,110],{"class":102},[66,43304,7423],{"class":106},[66,43306,1330],{"class":102},[66,43308,43309],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,43310,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,43312,43313,43316,43318],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,43314,43315],{"class":72},"other ",[66,43317,77],{"class":76},[66,43319,43320],{"class":72}," name\n",[66,43322,43323,43325,43327,43329,43331,43333],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,43324,138],{"class":137},[66,43326,110],{"class":102},[66,43328,12412],{"class":137},[66,43330,110],{"class":102},[66,43332,30510],{"class":106},[66,43334,1330],{"class":102},[20,43336,43337,43338,43341,43342,43344],{},"In this example, ",[15,43339,43340],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43343,43254],{}," values match.",[43346,43347,43348],"blockquote",{},[20,43349,160,43350,43352,43353,43355],{},[15,43351,43254],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43354,4441],{}," for value comparison.",[52,43357,168,43359,41],{"id":43358},"what-id-does",[15,43360,43254],{},[20,43362,43363,43366],{},[15,43364,43365],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43368,178],{},[33,43370,43371,43374,43381,43384],{},[36,43372,43373],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[36,43375,43376,43377,43380],{},"It shows ",[398,43378,43379],{},"object identity",", not object value",[36,43382,43383],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[36,43385,43386],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43388,43389,43390,43394],{},"This is closely related to how ",[200,43391,43393],{"href":43392},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[52,43396,1891],{"id":1890},[20,43398,5188],{},[57,43400,43402],{"className":59,"code":43401,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"id(object)\n",[15,43403,43404],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43405,43406,43408,43410,43412],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43407,12412],{"class":137},[66,43409,110],{"class":102},[66,43411,42165],{"class":2641},[66,43413,131],{"class":102},[20,43415,43416],{},"Important details:",[33,43418,43419,43422,43425],{},[36,43420,43421],{},"It takes one argument",[36,43423,43424],{},"It returns an integer",[36,43426,43427],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43429,923],{},[57,43431,43433],{"className":59,"code":43432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43434,43435,43447,43455,43475,43479,43493,43507],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43436,43437,43439,43441,43443,43445],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43438,73],{"class":72},[66,43440,77],{"class":76},[66,43442,81],{"class":80},[66,43444,939],{"class":84},[66,43446,88],{"class":80},[66,43448,43449,43451,43453],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,43450,1951],{"class":72},[66,43452,77],{"class":76},[66,43454,2506],{"class":478},[66,43456,43457,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467,43469,43471,43473],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,43458,7535],{"class":72},[66,43460,77],{"class":76},[66,43462,3370],{"class":102},[66,43464,2729],{"class":478},[66,43466,121],{"class":102},[66,43468,561],{"class":478},[66,43470,121],{"class":102},[66,43472,2186],{"class":478},[66,43474,3383],{"class":102},[66,43476,43477],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,43478,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,43480,43481,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,43482,138],{"class":137},[66,43484,110],{"class":102},[66,43486,12412],{"class":137},[66,43488,110],{"class":102},[66,43490,349],{"class":106},[66,43492,1330],{"class":102},[66,43494,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,43496,138],{"class":137},[66,43498,110],{"class":102},[66,43500,12412],{"class":137},[66,43502,110],{"class":102},[66,43504,1973],{"class":106},[66,43506,1330],{"class":102},[66,43508,43509,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,43510,138],{"class":137},[66,43512,110],{"class":102},[66,43514,12412],{"class":137},[66,43516,110],{"class":102},[66,43518,7566],{"class":106},[66,43520,1330],{"class":102},[20,43522,43523],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[52,43525,43527],{"id":43526},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43529,43530,43531,103],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43532,43254],{},[33,43534,43535,43542,43549],{},[36,43536,43537,43539,43540],{},[15,43538,4441],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[398,43541,2208],{},[36,43543,43544,43546,43547],{},[15,43545,11956],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[398,43548,42165],{},[36,43550,43551,43553],{},[15,43552,43254],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43555,923],{},[57,43557,43559],{"className":59,"code":43558,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43560,43561,43581,43601,43605,43622,43639,43653],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43562,43563,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43564,2291],{"class":72},[66,43566,77],{"class":76},[66,43568,3370],{"class":102},[66,43570,2729],{"class":478},[66,43572,121],{"class":102},[66,43574,561],{"class":478},[66,43576,121],{"class":102},[66,43578,2186],{"class":478},[66,43580,3383],{"class":102},[66,43582,43583,43585,43587,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,43584,2319],{"class":72},[66,43586,77],{"class":76},[66,43588,3370],{"class":102},[66,43590,2729],{"class":478},[66,43592,121],{"class":102},[66,43594,561],{"class":478},[66,43596,121],{"class":102},[66,43598,2186],{"class":478},[66,43600,3383],{"class":102},[66,43602,43603],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,43604,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,43606,43607,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,43608,138],{"class":137},[66,43610,110],{"class":102},[66,43612,2291],{"class":106},[66,43614,4441],{"class":76},[66,43616,2296],{"class":106},[66,43618,3410],{"class":102},[66,43620,43621],{"class":3413},"   # True\n",[66,43623,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,43625,138],{"class":137},[66,43627,110],{"class":102},[66,43629,2291],{"class":106},[66,43631,11956],{"class":3627},[66,43633,2296],{"class":106},[66,43635,3410],{"class":102},[66,43637,43638],{"class":3413},"   # False\n",[66,43640,43641,43643,43645,43647,43649,43651],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,43642,138],{"class":137},[66,43644,110],{"class":102},[66,43646,12412],{"class":137},[66,43648,110],{"class":102},[66,43650,200],{"class":106},[66,43652,1330],{"class":102},[66,43654,43655,43657,43659,43661,43663,43665],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,43656,138],{"class":137},[66,43658,110],{"class":102},[66,43660,12412],{"class":137},[66,43662,110],{"class":102},[66,43664,4514],{"class":106},[66,43666,1330],{"class":102},[20,43668,1912],{},[33,43670,43671,43679,43687],{},[36,43672,43673,4537,43676,43678],{},[15,43674,43675],{},"a == b",[15,43677,3350],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[36,43680,43681,4537,43684,43686],{},[15,43682,43683],{},"a is b",[15,43685,3424],{}," because they are different list objects",[36,43688,43689,798,43692,43695],{},[15,43690,43691],{},"id(a)",[15,43693,43694],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43697,43698,43699,798,43703,103],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[200,43700,43702],{"href":43701},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[200,43704,43706],{"href":43705},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[52,43708,43710],{"id":43709},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43712,43713],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[57,43715,43717],{"className":59,"code":43716,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43718,43719,43739,43749,43753,43767,43782],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43720,43721,43723,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733,43735,43737],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43722,3365],{"class":72},[66,43724,77],{"class":76},[66,43726,3370],{"class":102},[66,43728,2064],{"class":478},[66,43730,121],{"class":102},[66,43732,7546],{"class":478},[66,43734,121],{"class":102},[66,43736,7551],{"class":478},[66,43738,3383],{"class":102},[66,43740,43741,43744,43746],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,43742,43743],{"class":72},"other_numbers ",[66,43745,77],{"class":76},[66,43747,43748],{"class":72}," numbers\n",[66,43750,43751],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,43752,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,43754,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763,43765],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,43756,138],{"class":137},[66,43758,110],{"class":102},[66,43760,12412],{"class":137},[66,43762,110],{"class":102},[66,43764,3397],{"class":106},[66,43766,1330],{"class":102},[66,43768,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777,43780],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,43770,138],{"class":137},[66,43772,110],{"class":102},[66,43774,12412],{"class":137},[66,43776,110],{"class":102},[66,43778,43779],{"class":106},"other_numbers",[66,43781,1330],{"class":102},[66,43783,43784,43786,43788,43790,43792,43795],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,43785,138],{"class":137},[66,43787,110],{"class":102},[66,43789,3365],{"class":106},[66,43791,11956],{"class":3627},[66,43793,43794],{"class":106}," other_numbers",[66,43796,131],{"class":102},[20,43798,5313],{},[57,43800,43801],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,43802,43803],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43804,43805],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43806,3732],{"class":3602},[20,43808,43809,43810,43812],{},"The two ",[15,43811,43254],{}," values will also match.",[20,43814,21953,43815,43818],{},[15,43816,43817],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[52,43820,43822],{"id":43821},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43824,43825],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[57,43827,43829],{"className":59,"code":43828,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43830,43831,43852,43873,43877,43892,43906,43921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43832,43833,43836,43838,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43834,43835],{"class":72},"list_a ",[66,43837,77],{"class":76},[66,43839,3370],{"class":102},[66,43841,2729],{"class":478},[66,43843,121],{"class":102},[66,43845,561],{"class":478},[66,43847,121],{"class":102},[66,43849,2186],{"class":478},[66,43851,3383],{"class":102},[66,43853,43854,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,43855,43856],{"class":72},"list_b ",[66,43858,77],{"class":76},[66,43860,3370],{"class":102},[66,43862,2729],{"class":478},[66,43864,121],{"class":102},[66,43866,561],{"class":478},[66,43868,121],{"class":102},[66,43870,2186],{"class":478},[66,43872,3383],{"class":102},[66,43874,43875],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,43876,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,43878,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43890],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,43880,138],{"class":137},[66,43882,110],{"class":102},[66,43884,43835],{"class":106},[66,43886,4441],{"class":76},[66,43888,43889],{"class":106}," list_b",[66,43891,131],{"class":102},[66,43893,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,43895,138],{"class":137},[66,43897,110],{"class":102},[66,43899,43835],{"class":106},[66,43901,11956],{"class":3627},[66,43903,43889],{"class":106},[66,43905,131],{"class":102},[66,43907,43908,43910,43912,43914,43916,43919],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,43909,138],{"class":137},[66,43911,110],{"class":102},[66,43913,12412],{"class":137},[66,43915,110],{"class":102},[66,43917,43918],{"class":106},"list_a",[66,43920,1330],{"class":102},[66,43922,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931,43934],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,43924,138],{"class":137},[66,43926,110],{"class":102},[66,43928,12412],{"class":137},[66,43930,110],{"class":102},[66,43932,43933],{"class":106},"list_b",[66,43935,1330],{"class":102},[20,43937,5313],{},[57,43939,43941],{"className":59,"code":43940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43942,43943,43947],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43944,43945],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43946,3732],{"class":3602},[66,43948,43949],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,43950,3793],{"class":3602},[20,43952,43953],{},"What this means:",[33,43955,43956,43959,43962],{},[36,43957,43958],{},"The lists are equal in value",[36,43960,43961],{},"They are not the same object",[36,43963,43964,43965,43967],{},"Their ",[15,43966,43254],{}," values are usually different",[20,43969,43970,43971,43973,43974,103],{},"This is why ",[15,43972,43254],{}," should not replace ",[15,43975,4441],{},[52,43977,43979,43980,43982],{"id":43978},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43981,43254],{}," is useful",[20,43984,43985,43987],{},[15,43986,43254],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[33,43989,43990,43993,43996,43999],{},[36,43991,43992],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[36,43994,43995],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[36,43997,43998],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[36,44000,44001],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44003,44004,44005,44007],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44006,43254],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[57,44009,44011],{"className":59,"code":44010,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44012,44013,44037,44046,44050,44069,44073,44083,44093,44107],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44014,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44016,11848],{"class":72},[66,44018,77],{"class":76},[66,44020,3370],{"class":102},[66,44022,113],{"class":80},[66,44024,200],{"class":84},[66,44026,113],{"class":80},[66,44028,121],{"class":102},[66,44030,81],{"class":80},[66,44032,4514],{"class":84},[66,44034,113],{"class":80},[66,44036,3383],{"class":102},[66,44038,44039,44042,44044],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44040,44041],{"class":72},"copy_ref ",[66,44043,77],{"class":76},[66,44045,11886],{"class":72},[66,44047,44048],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,44049,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,44051,44052,44055,44057,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,44053,44054],{"class":72},"copy_ref",[66,44056,103],{"class":102},[66,44058,13314],{"class":106},[66,44060,110],{"class":102},[66,44062,113],{"class":80},[66,44064,9501],{"class":84},[66,44066,113],{"class":80},[66,44068,131],{"class":102},[66,44070,44071],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,44072,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,44074,44075,44077,44079,44081],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,44076,138],{"class":137},[66,44078,110],{"class":102},[66,44080,11895],{"class":106},[66,44082,131],{"class":102},[66,44084,44085,44087,44089,44091],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,44086,138],{"class":137},[66,44088,110],{"class":102},[66,44090,44054],{"class":106},[66,44092,131],{"class":102},[66,44094,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,44096,138],{"class":137},[66,44098,110],{"class":102},[66,44100,12412],{"class":137},[66,44102,110],{"class":102},[66,44104,11895],{"class":106},[66,44106,1330],{"class":102},[66,44108,44109,44111,44113,44115,44117,44119],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,44110,138],{"class":137},[66,44112,110],{"class":102},[66,44114,12412],{"class":137},[66,44116,110],{"class":102},[66,44118,44054],{"class":106},[66,44120,1330],{"class":102},[20,44122,5313],{},[57,44124,44126],{"className":59,"code":44125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44127,44128,44156],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44129,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150,44152,44154],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44131,3652],{"class":102},[66,44133,3044],{"class":80},[66,44135,200],{"class":84},[66,44137,3044],{"class":80},[66,44139,121],{"class":102},[66,44141,3039],{"class":80},[66,44143,4514],{"class":84},[66,44145,3044],{"class":80},[66,44147,121],{"class":102},[66,44149,3039],{"class":80},[66,44151,9501],{"class":84},[66,44153,3044],{"class":80},[66,44155,3383],{"class":102},[66,44157,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176,44178,44180,44182],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44159,3652],{"class":102},[66,44161,3044],{"class":80},[66,44163,200],{"class":84},[66,44165,3044],{"class":80},[66,44167,121],{"class":102},[66,44169,3039],{"class":80},[66,44171,4514],{"class":84},[66,44173,3044],{"class":80},[66,44175,121],{"class":102},[66,44177,3039],{"class":80},[66,44179,9501],{"class":84},[66,44181,3044],{"class":80},[66,44183,3383],{"class":102},[20,44185,44186],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[52,44188,44190,44191],{"id":44189},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44192,43254],{},[20,44194,44195,44196,44198],{},"Do not use ",[15,44197,43254],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44200,44201],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[33,44203,44204,44210,44216,44219],{},[36,44205,44206,44207,44209],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44208,4441],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[36,44211,44212,44213,44215],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44214,43254],{}," values across program runs",[36,44217,44218],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[36,44220,44221,44222],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44223,43254],{},[20,44225,44226],{},"Bad example:",[57,44228,44230],{"className":59,"code":44229,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44231,44232,44244,44256,44260,44282],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44233,44234,44236,44238,44240,44242],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44235,2291],{"class":72},[66,44237,77],{"class":76},[66,44239,81],{"class":80},[66,44241,462],{"class":84},[66,44243,88],{"class":80},[66,44245,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44247,2319],{"class":72},[66,44249,77],{"class":76},[66,44251,81],{"class":80},[66,44253,462],{"class":84},[66,44255,88],{"class":80},[66,44257,44258],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,44259,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,44261,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,44263,6752],{"class":3627},[66,44265,14578],{"class":137},[66,44267,110],{"class":102},[66,44269,200],{"class":106},[66,44271,3410],{"class":102},[66,44273,6161],{"class":76},[66,44275,14578],{"class":137},[66,44277,110],{"class":102},[66,44279,4514],{"class":106},[66,44281,8100],{"class":102},[66,44283,44284,44286,44288,44290,44293,44295],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,44285,7826],{"class":137},[66,44287,110],{"class":102},[66,44289,113],{"class":80},[66,44291,44292],{"class":84},"The values are equal",[66,44294,113],{"class":80},[66,44296,131],{"class":102},[20,44298,44299],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[57,44301,44303],{"className":59,"code":44302,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44304,44305,44318],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44306,44307,44309,44312,44314,44316],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44308,6752],{"class":3627},[66,44310,44311],{"class":72}," a ",[66,44313,4441],{"class":76},[66,44315,2296],{"class":72},[66,44317,6146],{"class":102},[66,44319,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44321,7826],{"class":137},[66,44323,110],{"class":102},[66,44325,113],{"class":80},[66,44327,44292],{"class":84},[66,44329,113],{"class":80},[66,44331,131],{"class":102},[20,44333,160,44334,2617,44336,44338],{},[15,44335,11956],{},[15,44337,43254],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[52,44340,20564],{"id":20563},[20,44342,44343],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[33,44345,44346,44349,44352,44357],{},[36,44347,44348],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[36,44350,44351],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[36,44353,44354,44355],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44356,43254],{},[36,44358,44359,44360],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44361,43254],{},[20,44363,44364],{},"The important rule is:",[33,44366,44367,44372],{},[36,44368,160,44369,44371],{},[15,44370,4441],{}," to check value",[36,44373,160,44374,44376],{},[15,44375,11956],{}," to check identity",[20,44378,44379,44380,44382],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44381,43254],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[52,44384,2568],{"id":2567},[20,44386,44387,44388,1111],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44389,43254],{},[33,44391,44392,44400,44403,44406,44411],{},[36,44393,8176,44394,44396,44397,44399],{},[15,44395,43254],{}," when ",[15,44398,4441],{}," should be used",[36,44401,44402],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[36,44404,44405],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[36,44407,44408,44409],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44410,43254],{},[36,44412,8176,44413,44415],{},[15,44414,43254],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44417,44418],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[57,44420,44422],{"className":59,"code":44421,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44423,44424,44439,44453,44467,44481],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44425,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44427,138],{"class":137},[66,44429,110],{"class":102},[66,44431,12412],{"class":137},[66,44433,110],{"class":102},[66,44435,44436],{"class":106},"my_object",[66,44438,1330],{"class":102},[66,44440,44441,44443,44445,44447,44449,44451],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44442,138],{"class":137},[66,44444,110],{"class":102},[66,44446,2291],{"class":106},[66,44448,4441],{"class":76},[66,44450,2296],{"class":106},[66,44452,131],{"class":102},[66,44454,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463,44465],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,44456,138],{"class":137},[66,44458,110],{"class":102},[66,44460,2291],{"class":106},[66,44462,11956],{"class":3627},[66,44464,2296],{"class":106},[66,44466,131],{"class":102},[66,44468,44469,44471,44473,44475,44477,44479],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,44470,138],{"class":137},[66,44472,110],{"class":102},[66,44474,2964],{"class":2641},[66,44476,110],{"class":102},[66,44478,44436],{"class":106},[66,44480,1330],{"class":102},[66,44482,44483,44485,44487,44489],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,44484,31920],{"class":137},[66,44486,110],{"class":102},[66,44488,12412],{"class":137},[66,44490,131],{"class":102},[52,44492,1518],{"id":1517},[258,44494,44496,44497,12478],{"id":44495},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44498,43254],{},[20,44500,44501],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[258,44503,1610,44505,44507],{"id":44504},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44506,43254],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44509,44510],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[258,44512,21184,44514,44516],{"id":44513},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44515,43254],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44518,30037,44519,44521,44522,2617,44524,44526],{},[15,44520,4441],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44523,43254],{},[15,44525,11956],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[258,44528,44530,44531,2228],{"id":44529},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44532,43254],{},[20,44534,44535],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[258,44537,44539,44540,44542],{"id":44538},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44541,43254],{}," values?",[20,44544,44545],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[52,44547,1620],{"id":1619},[33,44549,44550,44555,44560,44565,44573],{},[36,44551,44552],{},[200,44553,44554],{"href":43392},"Python variables explained for beginners",[36,44556,44557],{},[200,44558,44559],{"href":43701},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[36,44561,44562],{},[200,44563,44564],{"href":43705},"Python data types overview",[36,44566,44567],{},[200,44568,3321,44570,3254],{"href":44569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44571,44572],{},"isinstance()",[36,44574,44575],{},[200,44576,44578],{"href":44577},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1651,44580,44581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":44583},[44584,44586,44587,44588,44589,44590,44592,44594,44595,44596,44608],{"id":43358,"depth":91,"text":44585},"What id() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":43526,"depth":91,"text":43527},{"id":43709,"depth":91,"text":43710},{"id":43821,"depth":91,"text":43822},{"id":43978,"depth":91,"text":44591},"When id() is useful",{"id":44189,"depth":91,"text":44593},"When not to use id()",{"id":20563,"depth":91,"text":20564},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":44597},[44598,44600,44602,44604,44606],{"id":44495,"depth":134,"text":44599},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44504,"depth":134,"text":44601},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44513,"depth":134,"text":44603},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44529,"depth":134,"text":44605},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44538,"depth":134,"text":44607},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43246,"description":44609},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44616,"title":41960,"body":44617,"description":46257,"extension":1694,"meta":46258,"navigation":338,"path":46259,"seo":46260,"stem":46261,"__hash__":46262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44618,"toc":46223},[44619,44624,44629,44632,44634,44677,44682,44685,44690,44695,44698,44714,44716,44760,44762,44789,44791,44806,44808,44810,44812,44828,44830,44842,44845,44879,44882,44907,44912,44914,44919,44923,44926,44928,44976,44978,45011,45017,45028,45030,45082,45084,45115,45117,45121,45125,45168,45174,45180,45232,45240,45245,45249,45340,45342,45375,45378,45380,45440,45442,45468,45478,45480,45484,45489,45494,45496,45533,45535,45554,45557,45561,45564,45620,45632,45641,45643,45670,45678,45685,45689,45692,45729,45732,45738,45775,45777,45781,45787,45805,45810,45858,45862,45951,45954,45961,45963,45965,45970,45988,45990,46033,46039,46056,46058,46120,46122,46124,46130,46138,46144,46150,46159,46169,46173,46181,46183,46185,46220],[10,44620,3321,44622,3325],{"id":44621},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44623,2698],{},[20,44625,1711,44626,44628],{},[15,44627,2698],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44630,44631],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[52,44633,55],{"id":54},[57,44635,44637],{"className":59,"code":44636,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44638,44639,44658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44640,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649,44651,44654,44656],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44642,7633],{"class":72},[66,44644,77],{"class":76},[66,44646,8000],{"class":137},[66,44648,110],{"class":102},[66,44650,113],{"class":80},[66,44652,44653],{"class":84},"Enter your name: ",[66,44655,113],{"class":80},[66,44657,131],{"class":102},[66,44659,44660,44662,44664,44666,44669,44671,44673,44675],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44661,138],{"class":137},[66,44663,110],{"class":102},[66,44665,113],{"class":80},[66,44667,44668],{"class":84},"Hello, ",[66,44670,113],{"class":80},[66,44672,2189],{"class":76},[66,44674,35758],{"class":106},[66,44676,131],{"class":102},[20,44678,160,44679,44681],{},[15,44680,2698],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44683,44684],"hr",{},[52,44686,168,44688,41],{"id":44687},"what-input-does",[15,44689,2698],{},[20,44691,44692,44694],{},[15,44693,2698],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44696,44697],{},"Here is what happens:",[33,44699,44700,44705,44708,44711],{},[36,44701,44702,44704],{},[15,44703,2698],{}," waits for the user to type",[36,44706,44707],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[36,44709,44710],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[36,44712,44713],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44715,923],{},[57,44717,44719],{"className":59,"code":44718,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44720,44721,44741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44722,44723,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44737,44739],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44724,44725],{"class":72},"color ",[66,44727,77],{"class":76},[66,44729,8000],{"class":137},[66,44731,110],{"class":102},[66,44733,113],{"class":80},[66,44735,44736],{"class":84},"What is your favorite color? ",[66,44738,113],{"class":80},[66,44740,131],{"class":102},[66,44742,44743,44745,44747,44749,44752,44754,44756,44758],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44744,138],{"class":137},[66,44746,110],{"class":102},[66,44748,113],{"class":80},[66,44750,44751],{"class":84},"Your favorite color is",[66,44753,113],{"class":80},[66,44755,121],{"class":102},[66,44757,35617],{"class":106},[66,44759,131],{"class":102},[20,44761,29796],{},[57,44763,44765],{"className":59,"code":44764,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44766,44767,44780],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44768,44769,44771,44773,44776,44778],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44770,168],{"class":72},[66,44772,11956],{"class":76},[66,44774,44775],{"class":72}," your favorite color",[66,44777,2228],{"class":37132},[66,44779,35647],{"class":72},[66,44781,44782,44785,44787],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44783,44784],{"class":72},"Your favorite color ",[66,44786,11956],{"class":76},[66,44788,35647],{"class":72},[20,44790,19720],{},[33,44792,44793,44798,44803],{},[36,44794,44795,44796],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44797,44736],{},[36,44799,44800,44801],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44802,32659],{},[36,44804,44805],{},"That value is then printed",[44683,44807],{},[52,44809,1891],{"id":1890},[20,44811,6973],{},[57,44813,44815],{"className":59,"code":44814,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44816,44817],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44818,44819,44821,44823,44826],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44820,42229],{"class":137},[66,44822,110],{"class":102},[66,44824,44825],{"class":106},"prompt",[66,44827,131],{"class":102},[20,44829,11221],{},[33,44831,44832,44836,44839],{},[36,44833,1711,44834,19802],{},[15,44835,44825],{},[36,44837,44838],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[36,44840,44841],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44843,44844],{},"Example with a prompt:",[57,44846,44848],{"className":59,"code":44847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44849,44850,44869],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44851,44852,44854,44856,44858,44860,44862,44865,44867],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44853,7718],{"class":72},[66,44855,77],{"class":76},[66,44857,8000],{"class":137},[66,44859,110],{"class":102},[66,44861,113],{"class":80},[66,44863,44864],{"class":84},"Enter your username: ",[66,44866,113],{"class":80},[66,44868,131],{"class":102},[66,44870,44871,44873,44875,44877],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44872,138],{"class":137},[66,44874,110],{"class":102},[66,44876,7742],{"class":106},[66,44878,131],{"class":102},[20,44880,44881],{},"Example without a prompt:",[57,44883,44885],{"className":59,"code":44884,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44886,44887,44897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44888,44889,44891,44893,44895],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44890,2181],{"class":72},[66,44892,77],{"class":76},[66,44894,8000],{"class":137},[66,44896,8402],{"class":102},[66,44898,44899,44901,44903,44905],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44900,138],{"class":137},[66,44902,110],{"class":102},[66,44904,2208],{"class":106},[66,44906,131],{"class":102},[20,44908,7518,44909,44911],{},[15,44910,2698],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44683,44913],{},[52,44915,168,44917,904],{"id":44916},"what-input-returns",[15,44918,2698],{},[20,44920,44921,7983],{},[15,44922,2698],{},[20,44924,44925],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44927,923],{},[57,44929,44931],{"className":59,"code":44930,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44932,44933,44952,44962],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44934,44935,44937,44939,44941,44943,44945,44948,44950],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44936,21392],{"class":72},[66,44938,77],{"class":76},[66,44940,8000],{"class":137},[66,44942,110],{"class":102},[66,44944,113],{"class":80},[66,44946,44947],{"class":84},"Enter your age: ",[66,44949,113],{"class":80},[66,44951,131],{"class":102},[66,44953,44954,44956,44958,44960],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44955,138],{"class":137},[66,44957,110],{"class":102},[66,44959,9060],{"class":106},[66,44961,131],{"class":102},[66,44963,44964,44966,44968,44970,44972,44974],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,44965,138],{"class":137},[66,44967,110],{"class":102},[66,44969,2964],{"class":2641},[66,44971,110],{"class":102},[66,44973,9060],{"class":106},[66,44975,1330],{"class":102},[20,44977,29796],{},[57,44979,44981],{"className":59,"code":44980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44982,44983,44993,44997],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44984,44985,44988,44990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44986,44987],{"class":72},"Enter your age",[66,44989,1111],{"class":102},[66,44991,44992],{"class":478}," 25\n",[66,44994,44995],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,44996,2446],{"class":478},[66,44998,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45000,3033],{"class":76},[66,45002,3036],{"class":1797},[66,45004,3039],{"class":80},[66,45006,3188],{"class":84},[66,45008,3044],{"class":80},[66,45010,3047],{"class":76},[20,45012,45013,45014,45016],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45015,8954],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45018,45019,45020,2617,45024,103],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[200,45021,45022],{"href":2613},[15,45023,2616],{},[200,45025,45026],{"href":2620},[15,45027,2623],{},[20,45029,923],{},[57,45031,45033],{"className":59,"code":45032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45034,45035,45058,45068],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45036,45037,45039,45041,45044,45046,45048,45050,45052,45054,45056],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45038,21392],{"class":72},[66,45040,77],{"class":76},[66,45042,45043],{"class":2641}," int",[66,45045,110],{"class":102},[66,45047,42229],{"class":137},[66,45049,110],{"class":102},[66,45051,113],{"class":80},[66,45053,44947],{"class":84},[66,45055,113],{"class":80},[66,45057,1330],{"class":102},[66,45059,45060,45062,45064,45066],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45061,138],{"class":137},[66,45063,110],{"class":102},[66,45065,9060],{"class":106},[66,45067,131],{"class":102},[66,45069,45070,45072,45074,45076,45078,45080],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45071,138],{"class":137},[66,45073,110],{"class":102},[66,45075,2964],{"class":2641},[66,45077,110],{"class":102},[66,45079,9060],{"class":106},[66,45081,1330],{"class":102},[20,45083,29796],{},[57,45085,45087],{"className":59,"code":45086,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45088,45089,45097,45101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45090,45091,45093,45095],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45092,44987],{"class":72},[66,45094,1111],{"class":102},[66,45096,44992],{"class":478},[66,45098,45099],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45100,2446],{"class":478},[66,45102,45103,45105,45107,45109,45111,45113],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45104,3033],{"class":76},[66,45106,3036],{"class":1797},[66,45108,3039],{"class":80},[66,45110,1922],{"class":84},[66,45112,3044],{"class":80},[66,45114,3047],{"class":76},[44683,45116],{},[52,45118,45120],{"id":45119},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[258,45122,45124],{"id":45123},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[57,45126,45128],{"className":59,"code":45127,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45129,45130,45149],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45131,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142,45145,45147],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45133,7633],{"class":72},[66,45135,77],{"class":76},[66,45137,8000],{"class":137},[66,45139,110],{"class":102},[66,45141,113],{"class":80},[66,45143,45144],{"class":84},"What is your name? ",[66,45146,113],{"class":80},[66,45148,131],{"class":102},[66,45150,45151,45153,45155,45157,45160,45162,45164,45166],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45152,138],{"class":137},[66,45154,110],{"class":102},[66,45156,113],{"class":80},[66,45158,45159],{"class":84},"Hello,",[66,45161,113],{"class":80},[66,45163,121],{"class":102},[66,45165,35758],{"class":106},[66,45167,131],{"class":102},[20,45169,45170,45171,45173],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45172,7423],{}," and prints it.",[258,45175,45177,45178],{"id":45176},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45179,2616],{},[57,45181,45183],{"className":59,"code":45182,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45184,45185,45208],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45186,45187,45189,45191,45193,45195,45197,45199,45201,45204,45206],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45188,21392],{"class":72},[66,45190,77],{"class":76},[66,45192,45043],{"class":2641},[66,45194,110],{"class":102},[66,45196,42229],{"class":137},[66,45198,110],{"class":102},[66,45200,113],{"class":80},[66,45202,45203],{"class":84},"How old are you? ",[66,45205,113],{"class":80},[66,45207,1330],{"class":102},[66,45209,45210,45212,45214,45216,45219,45221,45223,45226,45228,45230],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45211,138],{"class":137},[66,45213,110],{"class":102},[66,45215,113],{"class":80},[66,45217,45218],{"class":84},"Next year you will be",[66,45220,113],{"class":80},[66,45222,121],{"class":102},[66,45224,45225],{"class":106}," age ",[66,45227,1791],{"class":76},[66,45229,479],{"class":478},[66,45231,131],{"class":102},[20,45233,5813,45234,45236,45237,45239],{},[15,45235,2616],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45238,2698],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45241,45242,45243,103],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[200,45244,8741],{"href":8740},[258,45246,45248],{"id":45247},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[57,45250,45252],{"className":59,"code":45251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45253,45254,45278,45302,45316,45320],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45255,45256,45259,45261,45263,45265,45267,45269,45271,45274,45276],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45257,45258],{"class":72},"num1 ",[66,45260,77],{"class":76},[66,45262,45043],{"class":2641},[66,45264,110],{"class":102},[66,45266,42229],{"class":137},[66,45268,110],{"class":102},[66,45270,113],{"class":80},[66,45272,45273],{"class":84},"Enter the first number: ",[66,45275,113],{"class":80},[66,45277,1330],{"class":102},[66,45279,45280,45283,45285,45287,45289,45291,45293,45295,45298,45300],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45281,45282],{"class":72},"num2 ",[66,45284,77],{"class":76},[66,45286,45043],{"class":2641},[66,45288,110],{"class":102},[66,45290,42229],{"class":137},[66,45292,110],{"class":102},[66,45294,113],{"class":80},[66,45296,45297],{"class":84},"Enter the second number: ",[66,45299,113],{"class":80},[66,45301,1330],{"class":102},[66,45303,45304,45306,45308,45311,45313],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45305,40950],{"class":72},[66,45307,77],{"class":76},[66,45309,45310],{"class":72}," num1 ",[66,45312,1791],{"class":76},[66,45314,45315],{"class":72}," num2\n",[66,45317,45318],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,45319,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,45321,45322,45324,45326,45328,45331,45333,45335,45338],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,45323,138],{"class":137},[66,45325,110],{"class":102},[66,45327,113],{"class":80},[66,45329,45330],{"class":84},"Total:",[66,45332,113],{"class":80},[66,45334,121],{"class":102},[66,45336,45337],{"class":106}," total",[66,45339,131],{"class":102},[20,45341,29796],{},[57,45343,45345],{"className":59,"code":45344,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45346,45347,45357,45366],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45348,45349,45352,45354],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45350,45351],{"class":72},"Enter the first number",[66,45353,1111],{"class":102},[66,45355,45356],{"class":478}," 2\n",[66,45358,45359,45362,45364],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45360,45361],{"class":72},"Enter the second number",[66,45363,1111],{"class":102},[66,45365,2314],{"class":478},[66,45367,45368,45371,45373],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45369,45370],{"class":72},"Total",[66,45372,1111],{"class":102},[66,45374,34609],{"class":478},[20,45376,45377],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45379,923],{},[57,45381,45383],{"className":59,"code":45382,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45384,45385,45403,45421,45425],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45386,45387,45389,45391,45393,45395,45397,45399,45401],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45388,45258],{"class":72},[66,45390,77],{"class":76},[66,45392,8000],{"class":137},[66,45394,110],{"class":102},[66,45396,113],{"class":80},[66,45398,45273],{"class":84},[66,45400,113],{"class":80},[66,45402,131],{"class":102},[66,45404,45405,45407,45409,45411,45413,45415,45417,45419],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45406,45282],{"class":72},[66,45408,77],{"class":76},[66,45410,8000],{"class":137},[66,45412,110],{"class":102},[66,45414,113],{"class":80},[66,45416,45297],{"class":84},[66,45418,113],{"class":80},[66,45420,131],{"class":102},[66,45422,45423],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45424,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,45426,45427,45429,45431,45433,45435,45438],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,45428,138],{"class":137},[66,45430,110],{"class":102},[66,45432,45258],{"class":106},[66,45434,1791],{"class":76},[66,45436,45437],{"class":106}," num2",[66,45439,131],{"class":102},[20,45441,29796],{},[57,45443,45445],{"className":59,"code":45444,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45446,45447,45455,45463],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45448,45449,45451,45453],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45450,45351],{"class":72},[66,45452,1111],{"class":102},[66,45454,45356],{"class":478},[66,45456,45457,45459,45461],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45458,45361],{"class":72},[66,45460,1111],{"class":102},[66,45462,2314],{"class":478},[66,45464,45465],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45466,45467],{"class":478},"23\n",[20,45469,45470,45471,45474,45475,103],{},"That happens because ",[15,45472,45473],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45476,45477],{},"\"23\"",[44683,45479],{},[52,45481,45483],{"id":45482},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45485,45486,45487,103],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45488,2698],{},[258,45490,4457,45492,41309],{"id":45491},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45493,2698],{},[20,45495,38965],{},[57,45497,45499],{"className":59,"code":45498,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45500,45501,45519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45502,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45504,2181],{"class":72},[66,45506,77],{"class":76},[66,45508,8000],{"class":137},[66,45510,110],{"class":102},[66,45512,113],{"class":80},[66,45514,41637],{"class":84},[66,45516,113],{"class":80},[66,45518,131],{"class":102},[66,45520,45521,45523,45525,45527,45529,45531],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45522,138],{"class":137},[66,45524,110],{"class":102},[66,45526,2964],{"class":2641},[66,45528,110],{"class":102},[66,45530,2208],{"class":106},[66,45532,1330],{"class":102},[20,45534,148],{},[57,45536,45538],{"className":59,"code":45537,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45539,45540],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45541,45542,45544,45546,45548,45550,45552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45543,3033],{"class":76},[66,45545,3036],{"class":1797},[66,45547,3039],{"class":80},[66,45549,3188],{"class":84},[66,45551,3044],{"class":80},[66,45553,3047],{"class":76},[20,45555,45556],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[258,45558,45560],{"id":45559},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45562,45563],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[57,45565,45567],{"className":59,"code":45566,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45568,45569,45587,45606],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45570,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45572,2291],{"class":72},[66,45574,77],{"class":76},[66,45576,8000],{"class":137},[66,45578,110],{"class":102},[66,45580,113],{"class":80},[66,45582,41637],{"class":84},[66,45584,113],{"class":80},[66,45586,131],{"class":102},[66,45588,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45602,45604],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45590,2319],{"class":72},[66,45592,77],{"class":76},[66,45594,8000],{"class":137},[66,45596,110],{"class":102},[66,45598,113],{"class":80},[66,45600,45601],{"class":84},"Enter another number: ",[66,45603,113],{"class":80},[66,45605,131],{"class":102},[66,45607,45608,45610,45612,45614,45616,45618],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45609,138],{"class":137},[66,45611,110],{"class":102},[66,45613,2291],{"class":106},[66,45615,1791],{"class":76},[66,45617,2296],{"class":106},[66,45619,131],{"class":102},[20,45621,40888,45622,798,45624,45626,45627,18726,45630,103],{},[15,45623,2241],{},[15,45625,1869],{},", the result is ",[15,45628,45629],{},"45",[15,45631,1877],{},[258,45633,45635,45636,45638,45639],{"id":45634},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45637,40471],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45640,2616],{},[20,45642,923],{},[57,45644,45646],{"className":59,"code":45645,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45647,45648],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45649,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45651,21392],{"class":72},[66,45653,77],{"class":76},[66,45655,45043],{"class":2641},[66,45657,110],{"class":102},[66,45659,42229],{"class":137},[66,45661,110],{"class":102},[66,45663,113],{"class":80},[66,45665,44947],{"class":84},[66,45667,113],{"class":80},[66,45669,1330],{"class":102},[20,45671,8029,45672,45675,45676,103],{},[15,45673,45674],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45677,40471],{},[20,45679,45680,45681,103],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[200,45682,45684],{"href":45683},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[258,45686,45688],{"id":45687},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45690,45691],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[57,45693,45695],{"className":59,"code":45694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45696,45697,45715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45698,45699,45701,45703,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45700,7633],{"class":72},[66,45702,77],{"class":76},[66,45704,8000],{"class":137},[66,45706,110],{"class":102},[66,45708,113],{"class":80},[66,45710,44653],{"class":84},[66,45712,113],{"class":80},[66,45714,131],{"class":102},[66,45716,45717,45719,45721,45723,45725,45727],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45718,138],{"class":137},[66,45720,110],{"class":102},[66,45722,41545],{"class":137},[66,45724,110],{"class":102},[66,45726,7423],{"class":106},[66,45728,1330],{"class":102},[20,45730,45731],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45733,45734,45735,1111],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45736,45737],{},".strip()",[57,45739,45741],{"className":59,"code":45740,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45742,45743,45765],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45744,45745,45747,45749,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45746,7633],{"class":72},[66,45748,77],{"class":76},[66,45750,8000],{"class":137},[66,45752,110],{"class":102},[66,45754,113],{"class":80},[66,45756,44653],{"class":84},[66,45758,113],{"class":80},[66,45760,8390],{"class":102},[66,45762,8393],{"class":106},[66,45764,8402],{"class":102},[66,45766,45767,45769,45771,45773],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45768,138],{"class":137},[66,45770,110],{"class":102},[66,45772,7423],{"class":106},[66,45774,131],{"class":102},[44683,45776],{},[52,45778,45780],{"id":45779},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45782,45783,45784,45786],{},"These habits make ",[15,45785,2698],{}," easier and safer to use.",[33,45788,45789,45792,45797,45800],{},[36,45790,45791],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[36,45793,160,45794,45796],{},[15,45795,45737],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[36,45798,45799],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[36,45801,160,45802,45804],{},[15,45803,29548],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45806,45807,45808,1111],{},"Example with ",[15,45809,45737],{},[57,45811,45813],{"className":59,"code":45812,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45814,45815,45839],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45816,45817,45820,45822,45824,45826,45828,45831,45833,45835,45837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45818,45819],{"class":72},"city ",[66,45821,77],{"class":76},[66,45823,8000],{"class":137},[66,45825,110],{"class":102},[66,45827,113],{"class":80},[66,45829,45830],{"class":84},"Enter your city: ",[66,45832,113],{"class":80},[66,45834,8390],{"class":102},[66,45836,8393],{"class":106},[66,45838,8402],{"class":102},[66,45840,45841,45843,45845,45847,45850,45852,45854,45856],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45842,138],{"class":137},[66,45844,110],{"class":102},[66,45846,113],{"class":80},[66,45848,45849],{"class":84},"City:",[66,45851,113],{"class":80},[66,45853,121],{"class":102},[66,45855,31152],{"class":106},[66,45857,131],{"class":102},[20,45859,45807,45860,1111],{},[15,45861,29548],{},[57,45863,45865],{"className":59,"code":45864,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45866,45867,45873,45896,45928,45936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45868,45869,45871],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45870,29570],{"class":3627},[66,45872,6146],{"class":102},[66,45874,45875,45878,45880,45882,45884,45886,45888,45890,45892,45894],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,45876,45877],{"class":72},"    age ",[66,45879,77],{"class":76},[66,45881,45043],{"class":2641},[66,45883,110],{"class":102},[66,45885,42229],{"class":137},[66,45887,110],{"class":102},[66,45889,113],{"class":80},[66,45891,44947],{"class":84},[66,45893,113],{"class":80},[66,45895,1330],{"class":102},[66,45897,45898,45900,45902,45904,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45924,45926],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,45899,7826],{"class":137},[66,45901,110],{"class":102},[66,45903,113],{"class":80},[66,45905,45906],{"class":84},"You will be",[66,45908,113],{"class":80},[66,45910,121],{"class":102},[66,45912,45225],{"class":106},[66,45914,1791],{"class":76},[66,45916,479],{"class":478},[66,45918,121],{"class":102},[66,45920,81],{"class":80},[66,45922,45923],{"class":84},"next year",[66,45925,113],{"class":80},[66,45927,131],{"class":102},[66,45929,45930,45932,45934],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,45931,29601],{"class":3627},[66,45933,41692],{"class":2641},[66,45935,6146],{"class":102},[66,45937,45938,45940,45942,45944,45947,45949],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,45939,7826],{"class":137},[66,45941,110],{"class":102},[66,45943,113],{"class":80},[66,45945,45946],{"class":84},"Please enter a whole number.",[66,45948,113],{"class":80},[66,45950,131],{"class":102},[20,45952,45953],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45955,45956,45957,103],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[200,45958,45960],{"href":45959},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44683,45962],{},[52,45964,2568],{"id":2567},[20,45966,45967,45968,1111],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45969,2698],{},[33,45971,45972,45979,45982,45985],{},[36,45973,45974,45975,2617,45977],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45976,2616],{},[15,45978,2623],{},[36,45980,45981],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[36,45983,45984],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[36,45986,45987],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45989,31850],{},[57,45991,45993],{"className":59,"code":45992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45994,45995,46005,46019],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45996,45997,45999,46001,46003],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45998,138],{"class":137},[66,46000,110],{"class":102},[66,46002,2208],{"class":106},[66,46004,131],{"class":102},[66,46006,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015,46017],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46008,138],{"class":137},[66,46010,110],{"class":102},[66,46012,2964],{"class":2641},[66,46014,110],{"class":102},[66,46016,2208],{"class":106},[66,46018,1330],{"class":102},[66,46020,46021,46023,46025,46027,46029,46031],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46022,138],{"class":137},[66,46024,110],{"class":102},[66,46026,41545],{"class":137},[66,46028,110],{"class":102},[66,46030,2208],{"class":106},[66,46032,1330],{"class":102},[20,46034,46035,46036,46038],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46037,2698],{}," actually returned:",[33,46040,46041,46046,46051],{},[36,46042,46043,46045],{},[15,46044,41593],{}," shows the value",[36,46047,46048,46050],{},[15,46049,41599],{}," shows the data type",[36,46052,46053,46055],{},[15,46054,41604],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46057,923],{},[57,46059,46061],{"className":59,"code":46060,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46062,46063,46082,46092,46106],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46064,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46078,46080],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46066,2181],{"class":72},[66,46068,77],{"class":76},[66,46070,8000],{"class":137},[66,46072,110],{"class":102},[66,46074,113],{"class":80},[66,46076,46077],{"class":84},"Enter something: ",[66,46079,113],{"class":80},[66,46081,131],{"class":102},[66,46083,46084,46086,46088,46090],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46085,138],{"class":137},[66,46087,110],{"class":102},[66,46089,2208],{"class":106},[66,46091,131],{"class":102},[66,46093,46094,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46095,138],{"class":137},[66,46097,110],{"class":102},[66,46099,2964],{"class":2641},[66,46101,110],{"class":102},[66,46103,2208],{"class":106},[66,46105,1330],{"class":102},[66,46107,46108,46110,46112,46114,46116,46118],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,46109,138],{"class":137},[66,46111,110],{"class":102},[66,46113,41545],{"class":137},[66,46115,110],{"class":102},[66,46117,2208],{"class":106},[66,46119,1330],{"class":102},[44683,46121],{},[52,46123,1518],{"id":1517},[258,46125,1522,46127,46129],{"id":46126},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46128,2698],{}," return an integer?",[20,46131,46132,46133,46135,46136,39696],{},"No. ",[15,46134,2698],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46137,2616],{},[258,46139,46141,46142,2228],{"id":46140},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46143,2698],{},[20,46145,46146,46147,46149],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46148,2698],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[258,46151,4913,46153,46156,46157,2228],{"id":46152},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46154,46155],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46158,2698],{},[20,46160,28827,46161,46163,46164,41921,46166,46168],{},[15,46162,2698],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46165,45473],{},[15,46167,45477],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[258,46170,46172],{"id":46171},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46174,160,46175,46177,46178,103],{},[15,46176,45737],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46179,46180],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44683,46182],{},[52,46184,1620],{"id":1619},[33,46186,46187,46192,46196,46202,46208,46212],{},[36,46188,46189],{},[200,46190,46191],{"href":45959},"How to get user input in Python",[36,46193,46194],{},[200,46195,8818],{"href":8740},[36,46197,46198],{},[200,46199,3321,46200,3254],{"href":2613},[15,46201,2616],{},[36,46203,46204],{},[200,46205,3321,46206,3254],{"href":2620},[15,46207,2623],{},[36,46209,46210],{},[200,46211,45684],{"href":45683},[36,46213,46214],{},[200,46215,3321,46217,3254],{"href":46216},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46218,46219],{},"print()",[1651,46221,46222],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":46224},[46225,46226,46228,46229,46231,46237,46245,46246,46247,46256],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":44687,"depth":91,"text":46227},"What input() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":44916,"depth":91,"text":46230},"What input() returns",{"id":45119,"depth":91,"text":45120,"children":46232},[46233,46234,46236],{"id":45123,"depth":134,"text":45124},{"id":45176,"depth":134,"text":46235},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45247,"depth":134,"text":45248},{"id":45482,"depth":91,"text":45483,"children":46238},[46239,46241,46242,46244],{"id":45491,"depth":134,"text":46240},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45559,"depth":134,"text":45560},{"id":45634,"depth":134,"text":46243},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45687,"depth":134,"text":45688},{"id":45779,"depth":91,"text":45780},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":46248},[46249,46251,46253,46255],{"id":46126,"depth":134,"text":46250},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46140,"depth":134,"text":46252},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46152,"depth":134,"text":46254},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46171,"depth":134,"text":46172},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41960,"description":46257},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46264,"title":41862,"body":46265,"description":48578,"extension":1694,"meta":48579,"navigation":338,"path":48580,"seo":48581,"stem":48582,"__hash__":48583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46266,"toc":48530},[46267,46272,46277,46282,46303,46306,46308,46368,46370,46389,46394,46399,46404,46406,46419,46421,46504,46506,46547,46553,46555,46585,46591,46594,46611,46613,46665,46667,46685,46691,46697,46700,46718,46720,46793,46795,46814,46821,46827,46832,46835,46895,46897,46916,46919,46922,46937,46943,46947,47008,47010,47031,47035,47164,47166,47296,47306,47312,47318,47326,47392,47394,47419,47422,47439,47452,47458,47461,47494,47496,47509,47512,47555,47557,47565,47572,47576,47583,47587,47614,47616,47624,47630,47647,47652,47656,47683,47685,47693,47697,47702,47705,47731,47734,47743,47751,47755,47765,47769,47772,47774,47825,47827,47857,47867,47894,47896,47904,47914,47918,47921,47923,47971,47973,48017,48023,48074,48076,48095,48100,48105,48108,48127,48130,48182,48184,48193,48195,48199,48203,48206,48215,48222,48224,48251,48255,48257,48266,48269,48276,48282,48342,48346,48348,48356,48359,48385,48391,48394,48414,48416,48425,48433,48435,48441,48446,48453,48463,48469,48477,48481,48484,48486,48527],[10,46268,3321,46270,3325],{"id":46269},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46271,2616],{},[20,46273,32085,46274,46276],{},[15,46275,2616],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46278,35171,46279,46281],{},[15,46280,2616],{}," when they want to:",[33,46283,46284,46294,46297,46300],{},[36,46285,46286,46287,46290,46291],{},"turn text like ",[15,46288,46289],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46292,46293],{},"42",[36,46295,46296],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[36,46298,46299],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[36,46301,46302],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46304,46305],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[52,46307,55],{"id":54},[57,46309,46311],{"className":59,"code":46310,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46312,46313,46331,46345],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46314,46315,46317,46319,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46316,138],{"class":137},[66,46318,110],{"class":102},[66,46320,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46322,110],{"class":102},[66,46324,113],{"class":80},[66,46326,46293],{"class":84},[66,46328,113],{"class":80},[66,46330,1330],{"class":102},[66,46332,46333,46335,46337,46339,46341,46343],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46334,138],{"class":137},[66,46336,110],{"class":102},[66,46338,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46340,110],{"class":102},[66,46342,41750],{"class":478},[66,46344,1330],{"class":102},[66,46346,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46360,46362,46364,46366],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46348,138],{"class":137},[66,46350,110],{"class":102},[66,46352,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46354,110],{"class":102},[66,46356,113],{"class":80},[66,46358,46359],{"class":84},"101",[66,46361,113],{"class":80},[66,46363,121],{"class":102},[66,46365,561],{"class":478},[66,46367,1330],{"class":102},[20,46369,148],{},[57,46371,46373],{"className":59,"code":46372,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46374,46375,46380,46385],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46376,46377],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46378,46379],{"class":478},"42\n",[66,46381,46382],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46383,46384],{"class":478},"3\n",[66,46386,46387],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46388,2687],{"class":478},[20,46390,160,46391,46393],{},[15,46392,2616],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[52,46395,168,46397,41],{"id":46396},"what-int-does",[15,46398,2616],{},[20,46400,46401,46403],{},[15,46402,2616],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46405,178],{},[33,46407,46408,46413,46416],{},[36,46409,46410,46411,7094],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46412,1922],{},[36,46414,46415],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[36,46417,46418],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46420,923],{},[57,46422,46424],{"className":59,"code":46423,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46425,46426,46438,46452,46456,46466,46476,46490],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46427,46428,46430,46432,46434,46436],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46429,73],{"class":72},[66,46431,77],{"class":76},[66,46433,81],{"class":80},[66,46435,8954],{"class":84},[66,46437,88],{"class":80},[66,46439,46440,46442,46444,46446,46448,46450],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46441,1951],{"class":72},[66,46443,77],{"class":76},[66,46445,45043],{"class":2641},[66,46447,110],{"class":102},[66,46449,349],{"class":106},[66,46451,131],{"class":102},[66,46453,46454],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46455,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,46457,46458,46460,46462,46464],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,46459,138],{"class":137},[66,46461,110],{"class":102},[66,46463,349],{"class":106},[66,46465,131],{"class":102},[66,46467,46468,46470,46472,46474],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,46469,138],{"class":137},[66,46471,110],{"class":102},[66,46473,1973],{"class":106},[66,46475,131],{"class":102},[66,46477,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,46479,138],{"class":137},[66,46481,110],{"class":102},[66,46483,2964],{"class":2641},[66,46485,110],{"class":102},[66,46487,349],{"class":106},[66,46489,1330],{"class":102},[66,46491,46492,46494,46496,46498,46500,46502],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,46493,138],{"class":137},[66,46495,110],{"class":102},[66,46497,2964],{"class":2641},[66,46499,110],{"class":102},[66,46501,1973],{"class":106},[66,46503,1330],{"class":102},[20,46505,148],{},[57,46507,46509],{"className":59,"code":46508,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46510,46511,46515,46519,46533],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46512,46513],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46514,2446],{"class":478},[66,46516,46517],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46518,2446],{"class":478},[66,46520,46521,46523,46525,46527,46529,46531],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46522,3033],{"class":76},[66,46524,3036],{"class":1797},[66,46526,3039],{"class":80},[66,46528,3188],{"class":84},[66,46530,3044],{"class":80},[66,46532,3047],{"class":76},[66,46534,46535,46537,46539,46541,46543,46545],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,46536,3033],{"class":76},[66,46538,3036],{"class":1797},[66,46540,3039],{"class":80},[66,46542,1922],{"class":84},[66,46544,3044],{"class":80},[66,46546,3047],{"class":76},[20,46548,46549,46550,46552],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46551,2616],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[52,46554,1891],{"id":1890},[57,46556,46558],{"className":59,"code":46557,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46559,46560,46570],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46561,46562,46564,46566,46568],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46563,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46565,110],{"class":102},[66,46567,960],{"class":106},[66,46569,131],{"class":102},[66,46571,46572,46574,46576,46578,46580,46583],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46573,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46575,110],{"class":102},[66,46577,960],{"class":106},[66,46579,121],{"class":102},[66,46581,46582],{"class":106}," base",[66,46584,131],{"class":102},[258,46586,46588],{"id":46587},"intx",[15,46589,46590],{},"int(x)",[20,46592,46593],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[33,46595,46596,46601,46606],{},[36,46597,46598,46599],{},"a string such as ",[15,46600,41892],{},[36,46602,46603,46604],{},"a float such as ",[15,46605,41750],{},[36,46607,46608,46609],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46610,3350],{},[20,46612,923],{},[57,46614,46616],{"className":59,"code":46615,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46617,46618,46636,46651],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46619,46620,46622,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46621,138],{"class":137},[66,46623,110],{"class":102},[66,46625,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46627,110],{"class":102},[66,46629,113],{"class":80},[66,46631,2064],{"class":84},[66,46633,113],{"class":80},[66,46635,1330],{"class":102},[66,46637,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46649],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46639,138],{"class":137},[66,46641,110],{"class":102},[66,46643,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46645,110],{"class":102},[66,46647,46648],{"class":478},"8.7",[66,46650,1330],{"class":102},[66,46652,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46654,138],{"class":137},[66,46656,110],{"class":102},[66,46658,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46660,110],{"class":102},[66,46662,3350],{"class":3602},[66,46664,1330],{"class":102},[20,46666,148],{},[57,46668,46670],{"className":59,"code":46669,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46671,46672,46676,46680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46673,46674],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46675,2110],{"class":478},[66,46677,46678],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46679,2115],{"class":478},[66,46681,46682],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46683,46684],{"class":478},"1\n",[258,46686,46688],{"id":46687},"intx-base",[15,46689,46690],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46692,46693,46694,46696],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46695,960],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46698,46699],{},"Common bases:",[33,46701,46702,46707,46712],{},[36,46703,46704,46706],{},[15,46705,1788],{}," for binary",[36,46708,46709,46711],{},[15,46710,2079],{}," for octal",[36,46713,46714,46717],{},[15,46715,46716],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46719,923],{},[57,46721,46723],{"className":59,"code":46722,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46724,46725,46747,46770],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46726,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741,46743,46745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46728,138],{"class":137},[66,46730,110],{"class":102},[66,46732,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46734,110],{"class":102},[66,46736,113],{"class":80},[66,46738,46359],{"class":84},[66,46740,113],{"class":80},[66,46742,121],{"class":102},[66,46744,561],{"class":478},[66,46746,1330],{"class":102},[66,46748,46749,46751,46753,46755,46757,46759,46762,46764,46766,46768],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46750,138],{"class":137},[66,46752,110],{"class":102},[66,46754,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46756,110],{"class":102},[66,46758,113],{"class":80},[66,46760,46761],{"class":84},"17",[66,46763,113],{"class":80},[66,46765,121],{"class":102},[66,46767,6112],{"class":478},[66,46769,1330],{"class":102},[66,46771,46772,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782,46785,46787,46789,46791],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46773,138],{"class":137},[66,46775,110],{"class":102},[66,46777,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46779,110],{"class":102},[66,46781,113],{"class":80},[66,46783,46784],{"class":84},"1A",[66,46786,113],{"class":80},[66,46788,121],{"class":102},[66,46790,13749],{"class":478},[66,46792,1330],{"class":102},[20,46794,148],{},[57,46796,46798],{"className":59,"code":46797,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46799,46800,46804,46809],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46801,46802],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46803,2687],{"class":478},[66,46805,46806],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46807,46808],{"class":478},"15\n",[66,46810,46811],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46812,46813],{"class":478},"26\n",[20,46815,46816,46817,103],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[200,46818,46819,2036],{"href":2620},[15,46820,2623],{},[52,46822,8176,46824,46826],{"id":46823},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46825,2616],{}," with strings",[20,46828,46829,46831],{},[15,46830,2616],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46833,46834],{},"Examples that work:",[57,46836,46838],{"className":59,"code":46837,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46839,46840,46858,46876],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46841,46842,46844,46846,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46843,138],{"class":137},[66,46845,110],{"class":102},[66,46847,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46849,110],{"class":102},[66,46851,113],{"class":80},[66,46853,1869],{"class":84},[66,46855,113],{"class":80},[66,46857,1330],{"class":102},[66,46859,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46861,138],{"class":137},[66,46863,110],{"class":102},[66,46865,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46867,110],{"class":102},[66,46869,113],{"class":80},[66,46871,2025],{"class":84},[66,46873,113],{"class":80},[66,46875,1330],{"class":102},[66,46877,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888,46891,46893],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46879,138],{"class":137},[66,46881,110],{"class":102},[66,46883,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46885,110],{"class":102},[66,46887,113],{"class":80},[66,46889,46890],{"class":84},"  42  ",[66,46892,113],{"class":80},[66,46894,1330],{"class":102},[20,46896,148],{},[57,46898,46900],{"className":59,"code":46899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46901,46902,46906,46912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46903,46904],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46905,2687],{"class":478},[66,46907,46908,46910],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46909,1753],{"class":76},[66,46911,1959],{"class":478},[66,46913,46914],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46915,46379],{"class":478},[20,46917,46918],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46920,46921],{},"Examples that fail:",[57,46923,46925],{"className":59,"code":46924,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46926,46927,46932],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46928,46929],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46930,46931],{"class":3413},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[66,46933,46934],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46935,46936],{"class":3413},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46938,46939,46940,46942],{},"These raise ",[15,46941,40471],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[258,46944,46946],{"id":46945},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[57,46948,46950],{"className":59,"code":46949,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46951,46952,46970,46989],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46953,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966,46968],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46955,138],{"class":137},[66,46957,110],{"class":102},[66,46959,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46961,110],{"class":102},[66,46963,113],{"class":80},[66,46965,1852],{"class":84},[66,46967,113],{"class":80},[66,46969,1330],{"class":102},[66,46971,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980,46982,46985,46987],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,46973,138],{"class":137},[66,46975,110],{"class":102},[66,46977,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46979,110],{"class":102},[66,46981,113],{"class":80},[66,46983,46984],{"class":84},"+7",[66,46986,113],{"class":80},[66,46988,1330],{"class":102},[66,46990,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001,47004,47006],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,46992,138],{"class":137},[66,46994,110],{"class":102},[66,46996,1922],{"class":2641},[66,46998,110],{"class":102},[66,47000,113],{"class":80},[66,47002,47003],{"class":84},"-100",[66,47005,113],{"class":80},[66,47007,1330],{"class":102},[20,47009,148],{},[57,47011,47013],{"className":59,"code":47012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47014,47015,47020,47024],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47016,47017],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47018,47019],{"class":478},"0\n",[66,47021,47022],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47023,1812],{"class":478},[66,47025,47026,47028],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47027,1753],{"class":76},[66,47029,47030],{"class":478},"100\n",[258,47032,47034],{"id":47033},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[57,47036,47038],{"className":59,"code":47037,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47039,47040,47078,47082,47094,47101,47116,47131],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47041,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069,47071,47074,47076],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47043,3573],{"class":72},[66,47045,77],{"class":76},[66,47047,3370],{"class":102},[66,47049,113],{"class":80},[66,47051,39910],{"class":84},[66,47053,113],{"class":80},[66,47055,121],{"class":102},[66,47057,81],{"class":80},[66,47059,47060],{"class":84},"12abc",[66,47062,113],{"class":80},[66,47064,121],{"class":102},[66,47066,733],{"class":80},[66,47068,121],{"class":102},[66,47070,81],{"class":80},[66,47072,47073],{"class":84},"seven",[66,47075,113],{"class":80},[66,47077,3383],{"class":102},[66,47079,47080],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47081,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,47083,47084,47086,47088,47090,47092],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47085,5710],{"class":3627},[66,47087,21348],{"class":72},[66,47089,3634],{"class":3627},[66,47091,3637],{"class":72},[66,47093,6146],{"class":102},[66,47095,47096,47099],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,47097,47098],{"class":3627},"    try",[66,47100,6146],{"class":102},[66,47102,47103,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,47104,47105],{"class":137},"        print",[66,47107,110],{"class":102},[66,47109,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47111,110],{"class":102},[66,47113,2208],{"class":106},[66,47115,1330],{"class":102},[66,47117,47118,47121,47123,47126,47129],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,47119,47120],{"class":3627},"    except",[66,47122,41692],{"class":2641},[66,47124,47125],{"class":3627}," as",[66,47127,47128],{"class":72}," error",[66,47130,6146],{"class":102},[66,47132,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47148,47150,47153,47155,47158,47160,47162],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,47134,47105],{"class":137},[66,47136,110],{"class":102},[66,47138,22058],{"class":1797},[66,47140,113],{"class":84},[66,47142,9039],{"class":478},[66,47144,2208],{"class":106},[66,47146,47147],{"class":1797},"!r",[66,47149,22067],{"class":478},[66,47151,47152],{"class":84}," -> ",[66,47154,9039],{"class":478},[66,47156,47157],{"class":106},"error",[66,47159,22067],{"class":478},[66,47161,113],{"class":84},[66,47163,131],{"class":102},[20,47165,148],{},[57,47167,47169],{"className":59,"code":47168,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47170,47171,47207,47239,47264],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47172,47173,47175,47177,47179,47182,47185,47187,47189,47191,47194,47197,47199,47201,47203,47205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47174,3044],{"class":43094},[66,47176,39910],{"class":43098},[66,47178,3044],{"class":43094},[66,47180,47181],{"class":37132}," ->",[66,47183,47184],{"class":72}," invalid literal ",[66,47186,5710],{"class":3627},[66,47188,45043],{"class":2641},[66,47190,7120],{"class":102},[66,47192,47193],{"class":3627}," with",[66,47195,47196],{"class":72}," base ",[66,47198,2064],{"class":478},[66,47200,1111],{"class":102},[66,47202,3039],{"class":80},[66,47204,39910],{"class":84},[66,47206,29466],{"class":80},[66,47208,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47210,3044],{"class":80},[66,47212,47060],{"class":84},[66,47214,3044],{"class":80},[66,47216,47181],{"class":37132},[66,47218,47184],{"class":72},[66,47220,5710],{"class":3627},[66,47222,45043],{"class":2641},[66,47224,7120],{"class":102},[66,47226,47193],{"class":3627},[66,47228,47196],{"class":72},[66,47230,2064],{"class":478},[66,47232,1111],{"class":102},[66,47234,3039],{"class":80},[66,47236,47060],{"class":84},[66,47238,29466],{"class":80},[66,47240,47241,47243,47245,47247,47249,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259,47261],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47242,3523],{"class":80},[66,47244,47181],{"class":37132},[66,47246,47184],{"class":72},[66,47248,5710],{"class":3627},[66,47250,45043],{"class":2641},[66,47252,7120],{"class":102},[66,47254,47193],{"class":3627},[66,47256,47196],{"class":72},[66,47258,2064],{"class":478},[66,47260,1111],{"class":102},[66,47262,47263],{"class":80}," ''\n",[66,47265,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292,47294],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,47267,3044],{"class":80},[66,47269,47073],{"class":84},[66,47271,3044],{"class":80},[66,47273,47181],{"class":37132},[66,47275,47184],{"class":72},[66,47277,5710],{"class":3627},[66,47279,45043],{"class":2641},[66,47281,7120],{"class":102},[66,47283,47193],{"class":3627},[66,47285,47196],{"class":72},[66,47287,2064],{"class":478},[66,47289,1111],{"class":102},[66,47291,3039],{"class":80},[66,47293,47073],{"class":84},[66,47295,29466],{"class":80},[20,47297,47298,47299,47301,47302,103],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[200,47300,8741],{"href":8740}," and the ",[200,47303,47304,2036],{"href":7977},[15,47305,2698],{},[52,47307,8176,47309,47311],{"id":47308},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47310,2616],{}," with floats",[20,47313,47314,47315,47317],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47316,2616],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47319,47320,47321,13815,47323,47325],{},"Important: ",[15,47322,2616],{},[398,47324,4383],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[57,47327,47329],{"className":59,"code":47328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47330,47331,47345,47360,47376],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47332,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47343],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47334,138],{"class":137},[66,47336,110],{"class":102},[66,47338,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47340,110],{"class":102},[66,47342,41750],{"class":478},[66,47344,1330],{"class":102},[66,47346,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47358],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47348,138],{"class":137},[66,47350,110],{"class":102},[66,47352,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47354,110],{"class":102},[66,47356,47357],{"class":478},"3.1",[66,47359,1330],{"class":102},[66,47361,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47363,138],{"class":137},[66,47365,110],{"class":102},[66,47367,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47369,110],{"class":102},[66,47371,1753],{"class":76},[66,47373,41750],{"class":478},[66,47375,1330],{"class":102},[66,47377,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386,47388,47390],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,47379,138],{"class":137},[66,47381,110],{"class":102},[66,47383,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47385,110],{"class":102},[66,47387,1753],{"class":76},[66,47389,47357],{"class":478},[66,47391,1330],{"class":102},[20,47393,148],{},[57,47395,47397],{"className":59,"code":47396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47398,47399,47403,47407,47413],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47400,47401],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47402,46384],{"class":478},[66,47404,47405],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47406,46384],{"class":478},[66,47408,47409,47411],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47410,1753],{"class":76},[66,47412,46384],{"class":478},[66,47414,47415,47417],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,47416,1753],{"class":76},[66,47418,46384],{"class":478},[20,47420,47421],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[33,47423,47424,47431],{},[36,47425,47426,41921,47429],{},[15,47427,47428],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47430,1794],{},[36,47432,47433,41921,47436],{},[15,47434,47435],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47437,47438],{},"-3",[20,47440,47441,47442,47446,47447,103],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[200,47443,47444],{"href":2620},[15,47445,2623],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[200,47448,47449],{"href":41941},[15,47450,47451],{},"str()",[52,47453,8176,47455,47457],{"id":47454},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47456,2616],{}," with booleans",[20,47459,47460],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[57,47462,47464],{"className":59,"code":47463,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47465,47466,47480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47467,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47469,138],{"class":137},[66,47471,110],{"class":102},[66,47473,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47475,110],{"class":102},[66,47477,3350],{"class":3602},[66,47479,1330],{"class":102},[66,47481,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47483,138],{"class":137},[66,47485,110],{"class":102},[66,47487,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47489,110],{"class":102},[66,47491,3424],{"class":3602},[66,47493,1330],{"class":102},[20,47495,148],{},[57,47497,47499],{"className":59,"code":47498,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n0\n",[15,47500,47501,47505],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47502,47503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47504,46684],{"class":478},[66,47506,47507],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47508,47019],{"class":478},[20,47510,47511],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[57,47513,47515],{"className":59,"code":47514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47516,47517,47526,47541,47545],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47518,47519,47522,47524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47520,47521],{"class":72},"passed ",[66,47523,77],{"class":76},[66,47525,6176],{"class":3602},[66,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47539],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47529,40950],{"class":72},[66,47531,77],{"class":76},[66,47533,45043],{"class":2641},[66,47535,110],{"class":102},[66,47537,47538],{"class":106},"passed",[66,47540,131],{"class":102},[66,47542,47543],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47544,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,47546,47547,47549,47551,47553],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,47548,138],{"class":137},[66,47550,110],{"class":102},[66,47552,40979],{"class":106},[66,47554,131],{"class":102},[20,47556,148],{},[57,47558,47559],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47560,47561],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47562,47563],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47564,46684],{"class":478},[20,47566,47567,47568,103],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[200,47569,47570,2036],{"href":5534},[15,47571,3563],{},[52,47573,47575],{"id":47574},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47577,47578,47579,47582],{},"Use the ",[15,47580,47581],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[258,47584,47586],{"id":47585},"binary-example","Binary example",[57,47588,47590],{"className":59,"code":47589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47591,47592],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47593,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47595,138],{"class":137},[66,47597,110],{"class":102},[66,47599,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47601,110],{"class":102},[66,47603,113],{"class":80},[66,47605,46359],{"class":84},[66,47607,113],{"class":80},[66,47609,121],{"class":102},[66,47611,561],{"class":478},[66,47613,1330],{"class":102},[20,47615,148],{},[57,47617,47618],{"className":59,"code":2687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47619,47620],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47621,47622],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47623,2687],{"class":478},[20,47625,47626,47629],{},[15,47627,47628],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[33,47631,47632,47637,47642],{},[36,47633,47634],{},[15,47635,47636],{},"1 × 4",[36,47638,47639],{},[15,47640,47641],{},"0 × 2",[36,47643,47644],{},[15,47645,47646],{},"1 × 1",[20,47648,47649,47650,103],{},"So the result is ",[15,47651,1869],{},[258,47653,47655],{"id":47654},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[57,47657,47659],{"className":59,"code":47658,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47660,47661],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47662,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47664,138],{"class":137},[66,47666,110],{"class":102},[66,47668,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47670,110],{"class":102},[66,47672,113],{"class":80},[66,47674,46784],{"class":84},[66,47676,113],{"class":80},[66,47678,121],{"class":102},[66,47680,13749],{"class":478},[66,47682,1330],{"class":102},[20,47684,148],{},[57,47686,47687],{"className":59,"code":46813,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47688,47689],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47690,47691],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47692,46813],{"class":478},[258,47694,47696],{"id":47695},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47698,1711,47699,47701],{},[15,47700,47581],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47703,47704],{},"Good:",[57,47706,47707],{"className":59,"code":47589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47708,47709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47710,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47712,138],{"class":137},[66,47714,110],{"class":102},[66,47716,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47718,110],{"class":102},[66,47720,113],{"class":80},[66,47722,46359],{"class":84},[66,47724,113],{"class":80},[66,47726,121],{"class":102},[66,47728,561],{"class":478},[66,47730,1330],{"class":102},[20,47732,47733],{},"Not correct:",[57,47735,47737],{"className":59,"code":47736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47738,47739],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47740,47741],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47742,47736],{"class":3413},[20,47744,47745,47746,8360,47748,47750],{},"That causes a ",[15,47747,2746],{},[15,47749,47581],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[52,47752,47754],{"id":47753},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47756,47757,47758,47760,47761,798,47763,103],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47759,2616],{}," are ",[15,47762,40471],{},[15,47764,2746],{},[258,47766,47767],{"id":41280},[15,47768,40471],{},[20,47770,47771],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47773,923],{},[57,47775,47777],{"className":59,"code":47776,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47778,47779,47785,47803,47815],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47780,47781,47783],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47782,29570],{"class":3627},[66,47784,6146],{"class":102},[66,47786,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797,47799,47801],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47788,7826],{"class":137},[66,47790,110],{"class":102},[66,47792,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47794,110],{"class":102},[66,47796,113],{"class":80},[66,47798,39910],{"class":84},[66,47800,113],{"class":80},[66,47802,1330],{"class":102},[66,47804,47805,47807,47809,47811,47813],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47806,29601],{"class":3627},[66,47808,41692],{"class":2641},[66,47810,47125],{"class":3627},[66,47812,47128],{"class":72},[66,47814,6146],{"class":102},[66,47816,47817,47819,47821,47823],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,47818,7826],{"class":137},[66,47820,110],{"class":102},[66,47822,47157],{"class":106},[66,47824,131],{"class":102},[20,47826,148],{},[57,47828,47830],{"className":59,"code":47829,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47831,47832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47833,47834,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47835,47836],{"class":72},"invalid literal ",[66,47838,5710],{"class":3627},[66,47840,45043],{"class":2641},[66,47842,7120],{"class":102},[66,47844,47193],{"class":3627},[66,47846,47196],{"class":72},[66,47848,2064],{"class":478},[66,47850,1111],{"class":102},[66,47852,3039],{"class":80},[66,47854,39910],{"class":84},[66,47856,29466],{"class":80},[20,47858,47859,47860,47863,47864,47866],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47861,47862],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47865,2616],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[57,47868,47870],{"className":59,"code":47869,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47871,47872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47873,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47875,138],{"class":137},[66,47877,110],{"class":102},[66,47879,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47881,110],{"class":102},[66,47883,1926],{"class":2641},[66,47885,110],{"class":102},[66,47887,113],{"class":80},[66,47889,39910],{"class":84},[66,47891,113],{"class":80},[66,47893,2652],{"class":102},[20,47895,148],{},[57,47897,47898],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47899,47900],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47901,47902],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47903,46384],{"class":478},[20,47905,47906,47907,798,47910,103],{},"If you see this often, read ",[200,47908,47909],{"href":2702},"how to convert string to int in Python",[200,47911,25445,47912],{"href":45683},[15,47913,45684],{},[258,47915,47916],{"id":41346},[15,47917,2746],{},[20,47919,47920],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47922,923],{},[57,47924,47926],{"className":59,"code":47925,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47927,47928,47934,47948,47961],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47929,47930,47932],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47931,29570],{"class":3627},[66,47933,6146],{"class":102},[66,47935,47936,47938,47940,47942,47944,47946],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,47937,7826],{"class":137},[66,47939,110],{"class":102},[66,47941,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47943,110],{"class":102},[66,47945,3528],{"class":3602},[66,47947,1330],{"class":102},[66,47949,47950,47952,47955,47957,47959],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,47951,29601],{"class":3627},[66,47953,47954],{"class":2641}," TypeError",[66,47956,47125],{"class":3627},[66,47958,47128],{"class":72},[66,47960,6146],{"class":102},[66,47962,47963,47965,47967,47969],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,47964,7826],{"class":137},[66,47966,110],{"class":102},[66,47968,47157],{"class":106},[66,47970,131],{"class":102},[20,47972,148],{},[57,47974,47976],{"className":59,"code":47975,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47977,47978],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47979,47980,47982,47984,47987,47989,47991,47994,47996,47999,48001,48004,48006,48008,48010,48012,48015],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47981,1922],{"class":2641},[66,47983,7120],{"class":102},[66,47985,47986],{"class":72}," argument must be a string",[66,47988,121],{"class":102},[66,47990,44311],{"class":72},[66,47992,47993],{"class":2641},"bytes",[66,47995,1753],{"class":76},[66,47997,47998],{"class":72},"like ",[66,48000,42165],{"class":2641},[66,48002,48003],{"class":76}," or",[66,48005,40607],{"class":72},[66,48007,121],{"class":102},[66,48009,7857],{"class":76},[66,48011,3039],{"class":80},[66,48013,48014],{"class":84},"NoneType",[66,48016,29466],{"class":80},[20,48018,48019,48020,48022],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48021,47581],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[57,48024,48026],{"className":59,"code":48025,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48027,48028,48034,48052,48064],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48029,48030,48032],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48031,29570],{"class":3627},[66,48033,6146],{"class":102},[66,48035,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046,48048,48050],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48037,7826],{"class":137},[66,48039,110],{"class":102},[66,48041,1922],{"class":2641},[66,48043,110],{"class":102},[66,48045,46359],{"class":478},[66,48047,121],{"class":102},[66,48049,561],{"class":478},[66,48051,1330],{"class":102},[66,48053,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,48055,29601],{"class":3627},[66,48057,47954],{"class":2641},[66,48059,47125],{"class":3627},[66,48061,47128],{"class":72},[66,48063,6146],{"class":102},[66,48065,48066,48068,48070,48072],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,48067,7826],{"class":137},[66,48069,110],{"class":102},[66,48071,47157],{"class":106},[66,48073,131],{"class":102},[20,48075,148],{},[57,48077,48079],{"className":59,"code":48078,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48080,48081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48082,48083,48085,48087,48090,48092],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48084,1922],{"class":2641},[66,48086,7120],{"class":102},[66,48088,48089],{"class":72}," can",[66,48091,3044],{"class":80},[66,48093,48094],{"class":84},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[52,48096,4715,48098],{"id":48097},"when-to-use-int",[15,48099,2616],{},[20,48101,160,48102,48104],{},[15,48103,2616],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48106,48107],{},"Common uses:",[33,48109,48110,48116,48119,48122],{},[36,48111,48112,48113,48115],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48114,2698],{}," into integers",[36,48117,48118],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[36,48120,48121],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[36,48123,48124,48125,36383],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48126,47581],{},[20,48128,48129],{},"Example with user input:",[57,48131,48133],{"className":59,"code":48132,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48134,48135,48149,48164,48168],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48136,48137,48140,48142,48144,48147],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48138,48139],{"class":72},"age_text ",[66,48141,77],{"class":76},[66,48143,81],{"class":80},[66,48145,48146],{"class":84},"18",[66,48148,88],{"class":80},[66,48150,48151,48153,48155,48157,48159,48162],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48152,21392],{"class":72},[66,48154,77],{"class":76},[66,48156,45043],{"class":2641},[66,48158,110],{"class":102},[66,48160,48161],{"class":106},"age_text",[66,48163,131],{"class":102},[66,48165,48166],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,48167,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,48169,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,48171,138],{"class":137},[66,48173,110],{"class":102},[66,48175,21392],{"class":106},[66,48177,1791],{"class":76},[66,48179,479],{"class":478},[66,48181,131],{"class":102},[20,48183,148],{},[57,48185,48187],{"className":59,"code":48186,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"19\n",[15,48188,48189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48190,48191],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48192,48186],{"class":478},[52,48194,2568],{"id":2567},[20,48196,14495,48197,103],{},[15,48198,2616],{},[258,48200,48202],{"id":48201},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48204,48205],{},"This fails:",[57,48207,48209],{"className":59,"code":48208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48210,48211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48212,48213],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48214,48208],{"class":3413},[20,48216,48217,48218,48221],{},"Why: ",[15,48219,48220],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48223,18603],{},[57,48225,48227],{"className":59,"code":48226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48228,48229],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48230,48231,48233,48235,48237,48239,48241,48243,48245,48247,48249],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48232,138],{"class":137},[66,48234,110],{"class":102},[66,48236,1922],{"class":2641},[66,48238,110],{"class":102},[66,48240,1926],{"class":2641},[66,48242,110],{"class":102},[66,48244,113],{"class":80},[66,48246,40891],{"class":84},[66,48248,113],{"class":80},[66,48250,2652],{"class":102},[258,48252,48254],{"id":48253},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48256,48205],{},[57,48258,48260],{"className":59,"code":48259,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48261,48262],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48263,48264],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48265,48259],{"class":3413},[20,48267,48268],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[258,48270,48272,48273],{"id":48271},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48274,48275],{},"int(None)",[20,48277,48278,48279,48281],{},"This fails because ",[15,48280,3528],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[57,48283,48285],{"className":59,"code":48284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48286,48287,48296,48300,48306,48320,48332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48288,48289,48291,48293],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48290,2181],{"class":72},[66,48292,77],{"class":76},[66,48294,48295],{"class":3602}," None\n",[66,48297,48298],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48299,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,48301,48302,48304],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,48303,29570],{"class":3627},[66,48305,6146],{"class":102},[66,48307,48308,48310,48312,48314,48316,48318],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,48309,7826],{"class":137},[66,48311,110],{"class":102},[66,48313,1922],{"class":2641},[66,48315,110],{"class":102},[66,48317,2208],{"class":106},[66,48319,1330],{"class":102},[66,48321,48322,48324,48326,48328,48330],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,48323,29601],{"class":3627},[66,48325,47954],{"class":2641},[66,48327,47125],{"class":3627},[66,48329,47128],{"class":72},[66,48331,6146],{"class":102},[66,48333,48334,48336,48338,48340],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,48335,7826],{"class":137},[66,48337,110],{"class":102},[66,48339,47157],{"class":106},[66,48341,131],{"class":102},[258,48343,48345],{"id":48344},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48347,48205],{},[57,48349,48350],{"className":59,"code":47736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48351,48352],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48353,48354],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48355,47736],{"class":3413},[20,48357,48358],{},"Use a string instead:",[57,48360,48361],{"className":59,"code":47589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48362,48363],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48364,48365,48367,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377,48379,48381,48383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48366,138],{"class":137},[66,48368,110],{"class":102},[66,48370,1922],{"class":2641},[66,48372,110],{"class":102},[66,48374,113],{"class":80},[66,48376,46359],{"class":84},[66,48378,113],{"class":80},[66,48380,121],{"class":102},[66,48382,561],{"class":478},[66,48384,1330],{"class":102},[258,48386,1119,48388,48390],{"id":48387},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48389,2616],{}," to round",[20,48392,48393],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[57,48395,48397],{"className":59,"code":48396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48398,48399],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48400,48401,48403,48405,48407,48409,48412],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48402,138],{"class":137},[66,48404,110],{"class":102},[66,48406,1922],{"class":2641},[66,48408,110],{"class":102},[66,48410,48411],{"class":478},"4.9",[66,48413,1330],{"class":102},[20,48415,148],{},[57,48417,48419],{"className":59,"code":48418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4\n",[15,48420,48421],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48422,48423],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48424,48418],{"class":478},[20,48426,2911,48427,48429,48430,48432],{},[15,48428,1869],{},", remember that ",[15,48431,2616],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[52,48434,1518],{"id":1517},[258,48436,1522,48438,48440],{"id":48437},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48439,2616],{}," round numbers?",[20,48442,46132,48443,48445],{},[15,48444,2616],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[258,48447,4913,48449,48452],{"id":48448},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48450,48451],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48454,28827,48455,48457,48458,48460,48461,39696],{},[15,48456,47862],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48459,2623],{}," first, then use ",[15,48462,2616],{},[258,48464,4897,48466,12478],{"id":48465},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48467,48468],{},"int(True)",[20,48470,4903,48471,28079,48473,41921,48475,103],{},[15,48472,2729],{},[15,48474,3424],{},[15,48476,1852],{},[258,48478,48480],{"id":48479},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48482,48483],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[52,48485,1620],{"id":1619},[33,48487,48488,48494,48500,48506,48511,48515,48521],{},[36,48489,48490],{},[200,48491,48492,3254],{"href":2620},[15,48493,2623],{},[36,48495,48496],{},[200,48497,48498,3254],{"href":41941},[15,48499,47451],{},[36,48501,48502],{},[200,48503,48504,3254],{"href":5534},[15,48505,3563],{},[36,48507,48508],{},[200,48509,48510],{"href":2702},"How to convert string to int in Python",[36,48512,48513],{},[200,48514,8818],{"href":8740},[36,48516,48517],{},[200,48518,48519,3254],{"href":7977},[15,48520,2698],{},[36,48522,48523],{},[200,48524,30114,48525],{"href":45683},[15,48526,45684],{},[1651,48528,48529],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":48531},[48532,48533,48535,48539,48544,48546,48548,48553,48557,48559,48568,48577],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":46396,"depth":91,"text":48534},"What int() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":48536},[48537,48538],{"id":46587,"depth":134,"text":46590},{"id":46687,"depth":134,"text":46690},{"id":46823,"depth":91,"text":48540,"children":48541},"Using int() with strings",[48542,48543],{"id":46945,"depth":134,"text":46946},{"id":47033,"depth":134,"text":47034},{"id":47308,"depth":91,"text":48545},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47454,"depth":91,"text":48547},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47574,"depth":91,"text":47575,"children":48549},[48550,48551,48552],{"id":47585,"depth":134,"text":47586},{"id":47654,"depth":134,"text":47655},{"id":47695,"depth":134,"text":47696},{"id":47753,"depth":91,"text":47754,"children":48554},[48555,48556],{"id":41280,"depth":134,"text":40471},{"id":41346,"depth":134,"text":2746},{"id":48097,"depth":91,"text":48558},"When to use int()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":48560},[48561,48562,48563,48565,48566],{"id":48201,"depth":134,"text":48202},{"id":48253,"depth":134,"text":48254},{"id":48271,"depth":134,"text":48564},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48344,"depth":134,"text":48345},{"id":48387,"depth":134,"text":48567},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":48569},[48570,48572,48574,48576],{"id":48437,"depth":134,"text":48571},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48448,"depth":134,"text":48573},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48465,"depth":134,"text":48575},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48479,"depth":134,"text":48480},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41862,"description":48578},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48585,"title":48586,"body":48587,"description":50422,"extension":1694,"meta":50423,"navigation":338,"path":44569,"seo":50424,"stem":50425,"__hash__":50426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48588,"toc":50378},[48589,48594,48599,48607,48616,48618,48677,48683,48688,48693,48696,48724,48727,48730,48741,48751,48753,48755,48775,48779,48807,48809,48848,48850,48858,48860,48863,48867,48920,48922,48934,48938,48995,48997,49009,49015,49021,49025,49028,49031,49097,49099,49111,49117,49119,49171,49174,49215,49218,49225,49234,49240,49243,49276,49282,49285,49316,49322,49325,49337,49341,49346,49350,49507,49509,49524,49527,49531,49635,49637,49654,49658,49719,49721,49729,49732,49736,49803,49805,49814,49820,49822,49831,49833,49868,49873,49875,49905,49909,49911,49948,49951,49953,49990,49996,49998,50048,50050,50058,50068,50074,50078,50083,50132,50134,50147,50150,50152,50155,50230,50233,50252,50255,50285,50295,50297,50302,50309,50315,50321,50328,50336,50342,50345,50347,50375],[10,48590,3321,48592,3325],{"id":48591},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48593,44572],{},[20,48595,48596,48598],{},[15,48597,44572],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48600,48601,48602,2617,48604,48606],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48603,3350],{},[15,48605,3424],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48608,48609,48610,48612,48613,48615],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48611,44572],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48614,2035],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[52,48617,3355],{"id":3354},[57,48619,48621],{"className":59,"code":48620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48622,48623,48631,48635,48656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48624,48625,48627,48629],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48626,2181],{"class":72},[66,48628,77],{"class":76},[66,48630,2324],{"class":478},[66,48632,48633],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48634,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,48636,48637,48639,48641,48644,48646,48648,48650,48652,48654],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,48638,138],{"class":137},[66,48640,110],{"class":102},[66,48642,48643],{"class":137},"isinstance",[66,48645,110],{"class":102},[66,48647,2208],{"class":106},[66,48649,121],{"class":102},[66,48651,45043],{"class":2641},[66,48653,5117],{"class":102},[66,48655,43621],{"class":3413},[66,48657,48658,48660,48662,48664,48666,48668,48670,48673,48675],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,48659,138],{"class":137},[66,48661,110],{"class":102},[66,48663,48643],{"class":137},[66,48665,110],{"class":102},[66,48667,2208],{"class":106},[66,48669,121],{"class":102},[66,48671,48672],{"class":2641}," str",[66,48674,5117],{"class":102},[66,48676,43638],{"class":3413},[20,48678,160,48679,48682],{},[15,48680,48681],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[52,48684,168,48686,41],{"id":48685},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48687,44572],{},[20,48689,48690,48692],{},[15,48691,44572],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48694,48695],{},"It:",[33,48697,48698,48701,48707,48710],{},[36,48699,48700],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[36,48702,11186,48703,2617,48705],{},[15,48704,3350],{},[15,48706,3424],{},[36,48708,48709],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[36,48711,48712,48713,1923,48715,1923,48717,1923,48719,16835,48722],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48714,3188],{},[15,48716,1922],{},[15,48718,7851],{},[15,48720,48721],{},"tuple",[15,48723,8581],{},[20,48725,48726],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48728,48729],{},"For example, you might want to:",[33,48731,48732,48735,48738],{},[36,48733,48734],{},"loop through a list",[36,48736,48737],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[36,48739,48740],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48742,48743,48744,2617,48747,103],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[200,48745,44564],{"href":48746},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[200,48748,48750],{"href":48749},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[52,48752,1891],{"id":1890},[20,48754,1894],{},[57,48756,48758],{"className":59,"code":48757,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48759,48760],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48761,48762,48764,48766,48768,48770,48773],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48763,48643],{"class":137},[66,48765,110],{"class":102},[66,48767,42165],{"class":2641},[66,48769,121],{"class":102},[66,48771,48772],{"class":106}," classinfo",[66,48774,131],{"class":102},[258,48776,48778],{"id":48777},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[33,48780,48781,48786,48800],{},[36,48782,48783,48785],{},[15,48784,42165],{}," is the value you want to test",[36,48787,48788,48791,48792,1923,48794,1923,48796,1927,48798],{},[15,48789,48790],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48793,1922],{},[15,48795,3188],{},[15,48797,7851],{},[15,48799,8581],{},[36,48801,48802,48803,2617,48805],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48804,3350],{},[15,48806,3424],{},[20,48808,923],{},[57,48810,48812],{"className":59,"code":48811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48813,48814,48826,48830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48815,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48817,7633],{"class":72},[66,48819,77],{"class":76},[66,48821,81],{"class":80},[66,48823,11272],{"class":84},[66,48825,88],{"class":80},[66,48827,48828],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48829,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,48831,48832,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844,48846],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,48833,138],{"class":137},[66,48835,110],{"class":102},[66,48837,48643],{"class":137},[66,48839,110],{"class":102},[66,48841,7423],{"class":106},[66,48843,121],{"class":102},[66,48845,48672],{"class":2641},[66,48847,1330],{"class":102},[20,48849,148],{},[57,48851,48852],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48853,48854],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48855,48856],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48857,3732],{"class":3602},[52,48859,11238],{"id":11237},[20,48861,48862],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[258,48864,48866],{"id":48865},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[57,48868,48870],{"className":59,"code":48869,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48871,48872,48880,48884,48902],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48873,48874,48876,48878],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48875,2181],{"class":72},[66,48877,77],{"class":76},[66,48879,44992],{"class":478},[66,48881,48882],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48883,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,48885,48886,48888,48890,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,48887,138],{"class":137},[66,48889,110],{"class":102},[66,48891,48643],{"class":137},[66,48893,110],{"class":102},[66,48895,2208],{"class":106},[66,48897,121],{"class":102},[66,48899,45043],{"class":2641},[66,48901,1330],{"class":102},[66,48903,48904,48906,48908,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,48905,138],{"class":137},[66,48907,110],{"class":102},[66,48909,48643],{"class":137},[66,48911,110],{"class":102},[66,48913,2208],{"class":106},[66,48915,121],{"class":102},[66,48917,48672],{"class":2641},[66,48919,1330],{"class":102},[20,48921,148],{},[57,48923,48924],{"className":59,"code":43940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48925,48926,48930],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48927,48928],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48929,3732],{"class":3602},[66,48931,48932],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48933,3793],{"class":3602},[258,48935,48937],{"id":48936},"check-text","Check text",[57,48939,48941],{"className":59,"code":48940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48942,48943,48955,48959,48977],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48944,48945,48947,48949,48951,48953],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48946,73],{"class":72},[66,48948,77],{"class":76},[66,48950,81],{"class":80},[66,48952,939],{"class":84},[66,48954,88],{"class":80},[66,48956,48957],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,48958,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,48960,48961,48963,48965,48967,48969,48971,48973,48975],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,48962,138],{"class":137},[66,48964,110],{"class":102},[66,48966,48643],{"class":137},[66,48968,110],{"class":102},[66,48970,349],{"class":106},[66,48972,121],{"class":102},[66,48974,48672],{"class":2641},[66,48976,1330],{"class":102},[66,48978,48979,48981,48983,48985,48987,48989,48991,48993],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,48980,138],{"class":137},[66,48982,110],{"class":102},[66,48984,48643],{"class":137},[66,48986,110],{"class":102},[66,48988,349],{"class":106},[66,48990,121],{"class":102},[66,48992,45043],{"class":2641},[66,48994,1330],{"class":102},[20,48996,148],{},[57,48998,48999],{"className":59,"code":43940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49000,49001,49005],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49002,49003],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49004,3732],{"class":3602},[66,49006,49007],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49008,3793],{"class":3602},[20,49010,49011,49012,49014],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49013,44572],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49016,49017,49018,103],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[200,49019,49020],{"href":2702},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[52,49022,49024],{"id":49023},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49026,49027],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49029,49030],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[57,49032,49034],{"className":59,"code":49033,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49035,49036,49045,49049,49073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49037,49038,49040,49042],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49039,2181],{"class":72},[66,49041,77],{"class":76},[66,49043,49044],{"class":478}," 3.5\n",[66,49046,49047],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49048,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,49050,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063,49065,49067,49069,49071],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,49052,138],{"class":137},[66,49054,110],{"class":102},[66,49056,48643],{"class":137},[66,49058,110],{"class":102},[66,49060,2208],{"class":106},[66,49062,121],{"class":102},[66,49064,8997],{"class":102},[66,49066,1922],{"class":2641},[66,49068,121],{"class":102},[66,49070,40022],{"class":2641},[66,49072,2652],{"class":102},[66,49074,49075,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,49076,138],{"class":137},[66,49078,110],{"class":102},[66,49080,48643],{"class":137},[66,49082,110],{"class":102},[66,49084,2208],{"class":106},[66,49086,121],{"class":102},[66,49088,8997],{"class":102},[66,49090,3188],{"class":2641},[66,49092,121],{"class":102},[66,49094,22324],{"class":2641},[66,49096,2652],{"class":102},[20,49098,148],{},[57,49100,49101],{"className":59,"code":43940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49102,49103,49107],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49104,49105],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49106,3732],{"class":3602},[66,49108,49109],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49110,3793],{"class":3602},[20,49112,49113,49114,49116],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49115,40604],{}," conditions.",[20,49118,8056],{},[57,49120,49122],{"className":59,"code":49121,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49123,49124,49132,49136],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49125,49126,49128,49130],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49127,2181],{"class":72},[66,49129,77],{"class":76},[66,49131,49044],{"class":478},[66,49133,49134],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49135,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,49137,49138,49140,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,49139,138],{"class":137},[66,49141,110],{"class":102},[66,49143,2964],{"class":2641},[66,49145,110],{"class":102},[66,49147,2208],{"class":106},[66,49149,3410],{"class":102},[66,49151,6161],{"class":76},[66,49153,45043],{"class":2641},[66,49155,48003],{"class":3627},[66,49157,49158],{"class":2641}," type",[66,49160,110],{"class":102},[66,49162,2208],{"class":106},[66,49164,3410],{"class":102},[66,49166,6161],{"class":76},[66,49168,40022],{"class":2641},[66,49170,131],{"class":102},[20,49172,49173],{},"you can write this:",[57,49175,49177],{"className":59,"code":49176,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49178,49179,49187,49191],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49180,49181,49183,49185],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49182,2181],{"class":72},[66,49184,77],{"class":76},[66,49186,49044],{"class":478},[66,49188,49189],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49190,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,49192,49193,49195,49197,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,49194,138],{"class":137},[66,49196,110],{"class":102},[66,49198,48643],{"class":137},[66,49200,110],{"class":102},[66,49202,2208],{"class":106},[66,49204,121],{"class":102},[66,49206,8997],{"class":102},[66,49208,1922],{"class":2641},[66,49210,121],{"class":102},[66,49212,40022],{"class":2641},[66,49214,2652],{"class":102},[20,49216,49217],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[52,49219,49221,10348,49223],{"id":49220},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49222,44572],{},[15,49224,2035],{},[20,49226,10353,49227,798,49229,49233],{},[15,49228,44572],{},[200,49230,49231],{"href":2032},[15,49232,2035],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[258,49235,49237],{"id":49236},"typevalue-int",[15,49238,49239],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49241,49242],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[57,49244,49246],{"className":59,"code":49245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49247,49248,49256],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49249,49250,49252,49254],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49251,2181],{"class":72},[66,49253,77],{"class":76},[66,49255,2324],{"class":478},[66,49257,49258,49260,49262,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49259,138],{"class":137},[66,49261,110],{"class":102},[66,49263,2964],{"class":2641},[66,49265,110],{"class":102},[66,49267,2208],{"class":106},[66,49269,3410],{"class":102},[66,49271,6161],{"class":76},[66,49273,45043],{"class":2641},[66,49275,131],{"class":102},[258,49277,49279],{"id":49278},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49280,49281],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49283,49284],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[57,49286,49288],{"className":59,"code":49287,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49289,49290,49298],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49291,49292,49294,49296],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49293,2181],{"class":72},[66,49295,77],{"class":76},[66,49297,2324],{"class":478},[66,49299,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49301,138],{"class":137},[66,49303,110],{"class":102},[66,49305,48643],{"class":137},[66,49307,110],{"class":102},[66,49309,2208],{"class":106},[66,49311,121],{"class":102},[66,49313,45043],{"class":2641},[66,49315,1330],{"class":102},[20,49317,49318,49319,49321],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49320,44572],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49323,49324],{},"In everyday code:",[33,49326,49327,49332],{},[36,49328,39757,49329,49331],{},[15,49330,2035],{}," when you need the exact type",[36,49333,39757,49334,49336],{},[15,49335,44572],{}," when you want a practical type check",[52,49338,49340],{"id":49339},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49342,49343,49344,103],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49345,44572],{},[258,49347,49349],{"id":49348},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[57,49351,49353],{"className":59,"code":49352,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49354,49355,49372,49391,49403,49408,49426,49437,49441,49453,49457,49481],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49356,49357,49359,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49358,34618],{"class":1797},[66,49360,49361],{"class":34621}," repeat_text",[66,49363,110],{"class":102},[66,49365,349],{"class":37428},[66,49367,121],{"class":102},[66,49369,254],{"class":37428},[66,49371,8100],{"class":102},[66,49373,49374,49376,49378,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49375,6151],{"class":3627},[66,49377,7857],{"class":76},[66,49379,49380],{"class":137}," isinstance",[66,49382,110],{"class":102},[66,49384,349],{"class":106},[66,49386,121],{"class":102},[66,49388,48672],{"class":2641},[66,49390,8100],{"class":102},[66,49392,49393,49396,49398,49401],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,49394,49395],{"class":3627},"        return",[66,49397,81],{"class":80},[66,49399,49400],{"class":84},"text must be a string",[66,49402,88],{"class":80},[66,49404,49405],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,49406,49407],{"class":72},"    \n",[66,49409,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,49411,6151],{"class":3627},[66,49413,7857],{"class":76},[66,49415,49380],{"class":137},[66,49417,110],{"class":102},[66,49419,195],{"class":106},[66,49421,121],{"class":102},[66,49423,45043],{"class":2641},[66,49425,8100],{"class":102},[66,49427,49428,49430,49432,49435],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,49429,49395],{"class":3627},[66,49431,81],{"class":80},[66,49433,49434],{"class":84},"count must be an integer",[66,49436,88],{"class":80},[66,49438,49439],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,49440,49407],{"class":72},[66,49442,49443,49445,49448,49450],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,49444,34629],{"class":3627},[66,49446,49447],{"class":72}," text ",[66,49449,39639],{"class":76},[66,49451,49452],{"class":72}," count\n",[66,49454,49455],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,49456,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,49458,49459,49461,49463,49466,49468,49470,49473,49475,49477,49479],{"class":68,"line":6190},[66,49460,138],{"class":137},[66,49462,110],{"class":102},[66,49464,49465],{"class":106},"repeat_text",[66,49467,110],{"class":102},[66,49469,113],{"class":80},[66,49471,49472],{"class":84},"Hi ",[66,49474,113],{"class":80},[66,49476,121],{"class":102},[66,49478,2186],{"class":478},[66,49480,1330],{"class":102},[66,49482,49483,49485,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505],{"class":68,"line":11358},[66,49484,138],{"class":137},[66,49486,110],{"class":102},[66,49488,49465],{"class":106},[66,49490,110],{"class":102},[66,49492,113],{"class":80},[66,49494,49472],{"class":84},[66,49496,113],{"class":80},[66,49498,121],{"class":102},[66,49500,81],{"class":80},[66,49502,1794],{"class":84},[66,49504,113],{"class":80},[66,49506,1330],{"class":102},[20,49508,148],{},[57,49510,49512],{"className":59,"code":49511,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49513,49514,49519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49515,49516],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49517,49518],{"class":72},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[66,49520,49521],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49522,49523],{"class":72},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49525,49526],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[258,49528,49530],{"id":49529},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[57,49532,49534],{"className":59,"code":49533,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49535,49536,49568,49572,49588,49603,49620],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49537,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49539,2181],{"class":72},[66,49541,77],{"class":76},[66,49543,3370],{"class":102},[66,49545,113],{"class":80},[66,49547,200],{"class":84},[66,49549,113],{"class":80},[66,49551,121],{"class":102},[66,49553,81],{"class":80},[66,49555,4514],{"class":84},[66,49557,113],{"class":80},[66,49559,121],{"class":102},[66,49561,81],{"class":80},[66,49563,9501],{"class":84},[66,49565,113],{"class":80},[66,49567,3383],{"class":102},[66,49569,49570],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49571,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,49573,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,49575,6752],{"class":3627},[66,49577,49380],{"class":137},[66,49579,110],{"class":102},[66,49581,2208],{"class":106},[66,49583,121],{"class":102},[66,49585,48672],{"class":2641},[66,49587,8100],{"class":102},[66,49589,49590,49592,49594,49596,49599,49601],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,49591,7826],{"class":137},[66,49593,110],{"class":102},[66,49595,113],{"class":80},[66,49597,49598],{"class":84},"This is text",[66,49600,113],{"class":80},[66,49602,131],{"class":102},[66,49604,49605,49608,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,49606,49607],{"class":3627},"elif",[66,49609,49380],{"class":137},[66,49611,110],{"class":102},[66,49613,2208],{"class":106},[66,49615,121],{"class":102},[66,49617,22324],{"class":2641},[66,49619,8100],{"class":102},[66,49621,49622,49624,49626,49628,49631,49633],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,49623,7826],{"class":137},[66,49625,110],{"class":102},[66,49627,113],{"class":80},[66,49629,49630],{"class":84},"This is a list",[66,49632,113],{"class":80},[66,49634,131],{"class":102},[20,49636,148],{},[57,49638,49640],{"className":59,"code":49639,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This is a list\n",[15,49641,49642],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49643,49644,49647,49649,49651],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49645,49646],{"class":72},"This ",[66,49648,11956],{"class":76},[66,49650,44311],{"class":72},[66,49652,49653],{"class":2641},"list\n",[258,49655,49657],{"id":49656},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[57,49659,49661],{"className":59,"code":49660,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49662,49663,49675,49679,49695,49709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49664,49665,49667,49669,49671,49673],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49666,2181],{"class":72},[66,49668,77],{"class":76},[66,49670,81],{"class":80},[66,49672,46293],{"class":84},[66,49674,88],{"class":80},[66,49676,49677],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49678,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,49680,49681,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691,49693],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,49682,6752],{"class":3627},[66,49684,49380],{"class":137},[66,49686,110],{"class":102},[66,49688,2208],{"class":106},[66,49690,121],{"class":102},[66,49692,48672],{"class":2641},[66,49694,8100],{"class":102},[66,49696,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,49698,41656],{"class":72},[66,49700,77],{"class":76},[66,49702,45043],{"class":2641},[66,49704,110],{"class":102},[66,49706,2208],{"class":106},[66,49708,131],{"class":102},[66,49710,49711,49713,49715,49717],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,49712,7826],{"class":137},[66,49714,110],{"class":102},[66,49716,1973],{"class":106},[66,49718,131],{"class":102},[20,49720,148],{},[57,49722,49723],{"className":59,"code":46379,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49724,49725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49726,49727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49728,46379],{"class":478},[20,49730,49731],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[258,49733,49735],{"id":49734},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[57,49737,49739],{"className":59,"code":49738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49740,49741,49765,49769,49785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49742,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49744,2181],{"class":72},[66,49746,77],{"class":76},[66,49748,10253],{"class":102},[66,49750,113],{"class":80},[66,49752,7423],{"class":84},[66,49754,113],{"class":80},[66,49756,1111],{"class":102},[66,49758,81],{"class":80},[66,49760,12643],{"class":84},[66,49762,113],{"class":80},[66,49764,9070],{"class":102},[66,49766,49767],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49768,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,49770,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,49772,6752],{"class":3627},[66,49774,49380],{"class":137},[66,49776,110],{"class":102},[66,49778,2208],{"class":106},[66,49780,121],{"class":102},[66,49782,8931],{"class":2641},[66,49784,8100],{"class":102},[66,49786,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,49788,7826],{"class":137},[66,49790,110],{"class":102},[66,49792,2208],{"class":106},[66,49794,3652],{"class":102},[66,49796,113],{"class":80},[66,49798,7423],{"class":84},[66,49800,113],{"class":80},[66,49802,3640],{"class":102},[20,49804,148],{},[57,49806,49808],{"className":59,"code":49807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana\n",[15,49809,49810],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49811,49812],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49813,49807],{"class":72},[20,49815,49816,49817,49819],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49818,2746],{}," messages later.",[52,49821,1105],{"id":1104},[258,49823,49825,49826,10854,49829],{"id":49824},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49827,49828],{},"\"int\"",[15,49830,1922],{},[20,49832,16406],{},[57,49834,49836],{"className":59,"code":49835,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49837,49838,49846],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49839,49840,49842,49844],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49841,2181],{"class":72},[66,49843,77],{"class":76},[66,49845,2324],{"class":478},[66,49847,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49849,138],{"class":137},[66,49851,110],{"class":102},[66,49853,48643],{"class":137},[66,49855,110],{"class":102},[66,49857,2208],{"class":106},[66,49859,121],{"class":102},[66,49861,81],{"class":80},[66,49863,1922],{"class":84},[66,49865,113],{"class":80},[66,49867,1330],{"class":102},[20,49869,49870,49872],{},[15,49871,49828],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49874,16418],{},[57,49876,49877],{"className":59,"code":49287,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49878,49879,49887],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49880,49881,49883,49885],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49882,2181],{"class":72},[66,49884,77],{"class":76},[66,49886,2324],{"class":478},[66,49888,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49890,138],{"class":137},[66,49892,110],{"class":102},[66,49894,48643],{"class":137},[66,49896,110],{"class":102},[66,49898,2208],{"class":106},[66,49900,121],{"class":102},[66,49902,45043],{"class":2641},[66,49904,1330],{"class":102},[258,49906,49908],{"id":49907},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49910,16406],{},[57,49912,49914],{"className":59,"code":49913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49915,49916,49924],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49917,49918,49920,49922],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49919,2181],{"class":72},[66,49921,77],{"class":76},[66,49923,34609],{"class":478},[66,49925,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49927,138],{"class":137},[66,49929,110],{"class":102},[66,49931,48643],{"class":137},[66,49933,110],{"class":102},[66,49935,2208],{"class":106},[66,49937,121],{"class":102},[66,49939,3370],{"class":102},[66,49941,1922],{"class":2641},[66,49943,121],{"class":102},[66,49945,40022],{"class":2641},[66,49947,2740],{"class":102},[20,49949,49950],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49952,16418],{},[57,49954,49956],{"className":59,"code":49955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49957,49958,49966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49959,49960,49962,49964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49961,2181],{"class":72},[66,49963,77],{"class":76},[66,49965,34609],{"class":478},[66,49967,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,49969,138],{"class":137},[66,49971,110],{"class":102},[66,49973,48643],{"class":137},[66,49975,110],{"class":102},[66,49977,2208],{"class":106},[66,49979,121],{"class":102},[66,49981,8997],{"class":102},[66,49983,1922],{"class":2641},[66,49985,121],{"class":102},[66,49987,40022],{"class":2641},[66,49989,2652],{"class":102},[258,49991,25540,49993,49995],{"id":49992},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49994,44572],{}," converts a value",[20,49997,18676],{},[57,49999,50001],{"className":59,"code":50000,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50002,50003,50016,50034,50038],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50004,50005,50007,50009,50011,50014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50006,2181],{"class":72},[66,50008,77],{"class":76},[66,50010,81],{"class":80},[66,50012,50013],{"class":84},"123",[66,50015,88],{"class":80},[66,50017,50018,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50019,447],{"class":72},[66,50021,77],{"class":76},[66,50023,49380],{"class":137},[66,50025,110],{"class":102},[66,50027,2208],{"class":106},[66,50029,121],{"class":102},[66,50031,45043],{"class":2641},[66,50033,131],{"class":102},[66,50035,50036],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,50037,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,50039,50040,50042,50044,50046],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,50041,138],{"class":137},[66,50043,110],{"class":102},[66,50045,494],{"class":106},[66,50047,131],{"class":102},[20,50049,148],{},[57,50051,50052],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,50053,50054],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50055,50056],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50057,3793],{"class":3602},[20,50059,50060,50061,50064,50065,50067],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50062,50063],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50066,50013],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50069,50070,50071,6385],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50072,50073],{},"int(value)",[258,50075,50077],{"id":50076},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50079,50080,50082],{},[15,50081,44572],{}," does not modify anything.",[57,50084,50086],{"className":59,"code":50085,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50087,50088,50100,50104,50122],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50089,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50091,2181],{"class":72},[66,50093,77],{"class":76},[66,50095,81],{"class":80},[66,50097,13319],{"class":84},[66,50099,88],{"class":80},[66,50101,50102],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50103,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,50105,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,50107,138],{"class":137},[66,50109,110],{"class":102},[66,50111,48643],{"class":137},[66,50113,110],{"class":102},[66,50115,2208],{"class":106},[66,50117,121],{"class":102},[66,50119,48672],{"class":2641},[66,50121,1330],{"class":102},[66,50123,50124,50126,50128,50130],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,50125,138],{"class":137},[66,50127,110],{"class":102},[66,50129,2208],{"class":106},[66,50131,131],{"class":102},[20,50133,148],{},[57,50135,50137],{"className":59,"code":50136,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\n100\n",[15,50138,50139,50143],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50140,50141],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50142,3732],{"class":3602},[66,50144,50145],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50146,47030],{"class":478},[20,50148,50149],{},"The value stays the same.",[52,50151,25708],{"id":25707},[20,50153,50154],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[57,50156,50158],{"className":59,"code":50157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50159,50160,50174,50192,50216],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50161,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50163,138],{"class":137},[66,50165,110],{"class":102},[66,50167,2964],{"class":2641},[66,50169,110],{"class":102},[66,50171,2208],{"class":106},[66,50173,1330],{"class":102},[66,50175,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50177,138],{"class":137},[66,50179,110],{"class":102},[66,50181,48643],{"class":137},[66,50183,110],{"class":102},[66,50185,2208],{"class":106},[66,50187,121],{"class":102},[66,50189,45043],{"class":2641},[66,50191,1330],{"class":102},[66,50193,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,50195,138],{"class":137},[66,50197,110],{"class":102},[66,50199,48643],{"class":137},[66,50201,110],{"class":102},[66,50203,2208],{"class":106},[66,50205,121],{"class":102},[66,50207,8997],{"class":102},[66,50209,1922],{"class":2641},[66,50211,121],{"class":102},[66,50213,40022],{"class":2641},[66,50215,2652],{"class":102},[66,50217,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226,50228],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,50219,138],{"class":137},[66,50221,110],{"class":102},[66,50223,41545],{"class":137},[66,50225,110],{"class":102},[66,50227,2208],{"class":106},[66,50229,1330],{"class":102},[20,50231,50232],{},"These can help when:",[33,50234,50235,50238,50243,50246],{},[36,50236,50237],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[36,50239,50240,50241],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50242,2746],{},[36,50244,50245],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[36,50247,50248,50249,50251],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50250,44572],{}," is invalid",[20,50253,50254],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[33,50256,50257,50271,50277,50282],{},[36,50258,50259,50260,2617,50263,50266,50267,2617,50269],{},"using ",[15,50261,50262],{},"'int'",[15,50264,50265],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50268,1922],{},[15,50270,3188],{},[36,50272,50273,50274,50276],{},"expecting ",[15,50275,44572],{}," to convert a value",[36,50278,50259,50279,50281],{},[15,50280,2035],{}," when inherited types should also match",[36,50283,50284],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50286,50287,50288,103],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[200,50289,50291,50292],{"href":50290},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50293,50294],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[52,50296,1518],{"id":1517},[258,50298,4897,50300,4900],{"id":50299},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50301,44572],{},[20,50303,4903,50304,50306,50307,103],{},[15,50305,3350],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50308,3424],{},[258,50310,1573,50312,50314],{"id":50311},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50313,44572],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50316,50317,50318,103],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50319,50320],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[258,50322,4934,50324,798,50326,2228],{"id":50323},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50325,44572],{},[15,50327,2035],{},[20,50329,50330,50332,50333,50335],{},[15,50331,2035],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50334,44572],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[258,50337,1522,50339,50341],{"id":50338},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50340,44572],{}," convert a value?",[20,50343,50344],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[52,50346,1620],{"id":1619},[33,50348,50349,50355,50359,50364,50369],{},[36,50350,50351],{},[200,50352,3321,50353,3254],{"href":2032},[15,50354,2035],{},[36,50356,50357],{},[200,50358,44564],{"href":48746},[36,50360,50361],{},[200,50362,50363],{"href":2702},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,50365,50366],{},[200,50367,50368],{"href":48749},"What is a data type in Python?",[36,50370,50371],{},[200,50372,50291,50373],{"href":50290},[15,50374,50294],{},[1651,50376,50377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":50379},[50380,50381,50383,50386,50390,50391,50396,50402,50410,50411,50421],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":48685,"depth":91,"text":50382},"What isinstance() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":50384},[50385],{"id":48777,"depth":134,"text":48778},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238,"children":50387},[50388,50389],{"id":48865,"depth":134,"text":48866},{"id":48936,"depth":134,"text":48937},{"id":49023,"depth":91,"text":49024},{"id":49220,"depth":91,"text":50392,"children":50393},"isinstance() vs type()",[50394,50395],{"id":49236,"depth":134,"text":49239},{"id":49278,"depth":134,"text":49281},{"id":49339,"depth":91,"text":49340,"children":50397},[50398,50399,50400,50401],{"id":49348,"depth":134,"text":49349},{"id":49529,"depth":134,"text":49530},{"id":49656,"depth":134,"text":49657},{"id":49734,"depth":134,"text":49735},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":50403},[50404,50406,50407,50409],{"id":49824,"depth":134,"text":50405},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49907,"depth":134,"text":49908},{"id":49992,"depth":134,"text":50408},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50076,"depth":134,"text":50077},{"id":25707,"depth":91,"text":25708},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":50412},[50413,50415,50417,50419],{"id":50299,"depth":134,"text":50414},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50311,"depth":134,"text":50416},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50323,"depth":134,"text":50418},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50338,"depth":134,"text":50420},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48586,"description":50422},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50428,"title":50429,"body":50430,"description":52402,"extension":1694,"meta":52403,"navigation":338,"path":52404,"seo":52405,"stem":52406,"__hash__":52407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50431,"toc":52377},[50432,50435,50440,50445,50459,50462,50464,50539,50544,50548,50553,50556,50570,50572,50738,50750,50752,50754,50769,50772,50775,50788,50790,50888,50892,50898,50901,50910,50912,50947,50952,50973,50978,50983,51015,51018,51075,51079,51085,51088,51141,51143,51183,51186,51254,51257,51308,51315,51319,51325,51410,51416,51422,51471,51474,51477,51527,51529,51534,51538,51588,51592,51639,51643,51720,51724,51789,51792,51796,51801,51806,51818,51820,51839,51845,51848,51867,51872,51899,51906,51910,51916,51919,52014,52017,52020,52069,52074,52076,52080,52115,52118,52175,52185,52188,52222,52225,52227,52231,52234,52238,52241,52245,52248,52252,52265,52269,52274,52276,52326,52338,52340,52374],[10,50433,50429],{"id":50434},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50436,8883,50437,50439],{},[15,50438,42127],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50441,35171,50442,50444],{},[15,50443,42127],{}," to count:",[33,50446,50447,50450,50453,50456],{},[36,50448,50449],{},"characters in a string",[36,50451,50452],{},"items in a list or tuple",[36,50454,50455],{},"keys in a dictionary",[36,50457,50458],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50460,50461],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[52,50463,55],{"id":54},[57,50465,50467],{"className":59,"code":50466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50468,50469,50481,50501,50505,50522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50470,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50472,73],{"class":72},[66,50474,77],{"class":76},[66,50476,81],{"class":80},[66,50478,939],{"class":84},[66,50480,88],{"class":80},[66,50482,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50484,7535],{"class":72},[66,50486,77],{"class":76},[66,50488,3370],{"class":102},[66,50490,2064],{"class":478},[66,50492,121],{"class":102},[66,50494,7546],{"class":478},[66,50496,121],{"class":102},[66,50498,7551],{"class":478},[66,50500,3383],{"class":102},[66,50502,50503],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,50504,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,50506,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,50508,138],{"class":137},[66,50510,110],{"class":102},[66,50512,10924],{"class":137},[66,50514,110],{"class":102},[66,50516,349],{"class":106},[66,50518,5117],{"class":102},[66,50520,50521],{"class":3413},"   # 5\n",[66,50523,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,50525,138],{"class":137},[66,50527,110],{"class":102},[66,50529,10924],{"class":137},[66,50531,110],{"class":102},[66,50533,7566],{"class":106},[66,50535,5117],{"class":102},[66,50537,50538],{"class":3413},"  # 3\n",[20,50540,160,50541,50543],{},[15,50542,42127],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[52,50545,50547],{"id":50546},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50549,50550,50552],{},[15,50551,42127],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50554,50555],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[33,50557,50558,50561,50564,50567],{},[36,50559,50560],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[36,50562,50563],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[36,50565,50566],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[36,50568,50569],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50571,923],{},[57,50573,50575],{"className":59,"code":50574,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50576,50577,50589,50614,50646,50666,50670,50687,50704,50721],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50578,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50580,7633],{"class":72},[66,50582,77],{"class":76},[66,50584,81],{"class":80},[66,50586,7432],{"class":84},[66,50588,88],{"class":80},[66,50590,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50612],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50592,3365],{"class":72},[66,50594,77],{"class":76},[66,50596,3370],{"class":102},[66,50598,2064],{"class":478},[66,50600,121],{"class":102},[66,50602,7546],{"class":478},[66,50604,121],{"class":102},[66,50606,7551],{"class":478},[66,50608,121],{"class":102},[66,50610,50611],{"class":478}," 40",[66,50613,3383],{"class":102},[66,50615,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,50617,8926],{"class":72},[66,50619,77],{"class":76},[66,50621,10253],{"class":102},[66,50623,113],{"class":80},[66,50625,200],{"class":84},[66,50627,113],{"class":80},[66,50629,1111],{"class":102},[66,50631,479],{"class":478},[66,50633,121],{"class":102},[66,50635,81],{"class":80},[66,50637,4514],{"class":84},[66,50639,113],{"class":80},[66,50641,1111],{"class":102},[66,50643,561],{"class":478},[66,50645,9070],{"class":102},[66,50647,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,50649,3573],{"class":72},[66,50651,77],{"class":76},[66,50653,10253],{"class":102},[66,50655,1869],{"class":478},[66,50657,121],{"class":102},[66,50659,37409],{"class":478},[66,50661,121],{"class":102},[66,50663,5746],{"class":478},[66,50665,9070],{"class":102},[66,50667,50668],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,50669,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,50671,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,50673,138],{"class":137},[66,50675,110],{"class":102},[66,50677,10924],{"class":137},[66,50679,110],{"class":102},[66,50681,7423],{"class":106},[66,50683,5117],{"class":102},[66,50685,50686],{"class":3413},"     # 3\n",[66,50688,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,50690,138],{"class":137},[66,50692,110],{"class":102},[66,50694,10924],{"class":137},[66,50696,110],{"class":102},[66,50698,3397],{"class":106},[66,50700,5117],{"class":102},[66,50702,50703],{"class":3413},"  # 4\n",[66,50705,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,50707,138],{"class":137},[66,50709,110],{"class":102},[66,50711,10924],{"class":137},[66,50713,110],{"class":102},[66,50715,8965],{"class":106},[66,50717,5117],{"class":102},[66,50719,50720],{"class":3413},"     # 2\n",[66,50722,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,50724,138],{"class":137},[66,50726,110],{"class":102},[66,50728,10924],{"class":137},[66,50730,110],{"class":102},[66,50732,5114],{"class":106},[66,50734,5117],{"class":102},[66,50736,50737],{"class":3413},"   # 3\n",[20,50739,50740,50741,1923,50744,16835,50748,103],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[200,50742,50743],{"href":202},"Python strings explained",[200,50745,50747],{"href":50746},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[200,50749,8916],{"href":8915},[52,50751,1891],{"id":1890},[20,50753,1894],{},[57,50755,50757],{"className":59,"code":50756,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"len(object)\n",[15,50758,50759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50760,50761,50763,50765,50767],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50762,10924],{"class":137},[66,50764,110],{"class":102},[66,50766,42165],{"class":2641},[66,50768,131],{"class":102},[20,50770,50771],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50773,50774],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[33,50776,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785],{},[36,50778,37673],{},[36,50780,37667],{},[36,50782,37670],{},[36,50784,37676],{},[36,50786,50787],{},"a dictionary",[20,50789,923],{},[57,50791,50793],{"className":59,"code":50792,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50794,50795,50816,50840,50862],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50796,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50798,138],{"class":137},[66,50800,110],{"class":102},[66,50802,10924],{"class":137},[66,50804,110],{"class":102},[66,50806,113],{"class":80},[66,50808,61],{"class":84},[66,50810,113],{"class":80},[66,50812,5117],{"class":102},[66,50814,50815],{"class":3413},"      # 6\n",[66,50817,50818,50820,50822,50824,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50819,138],{"class":137},[66,50821,110],{"class":102},[66,50823,10924],{"class":137},[66,50825,2726],{"class":102},[66,50827,2729],{"class":478},[66,50829,121],{"class":102},[66,50831,561],{"class":478},[66,50833,121],{"class":102},[66,50835,2186],{"class":478},[66,50837,4488],{"class":102},[66,50839,50686],{"class":3413},[66,50841,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50859],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,50843,138],{"class":137},[66,50845,110],{"class":102},[66,50847,10924],{"class":137},[66,50849,5264],{"class":102},[66,50851,2064],{"class":478},[66,50853,121],{"class":102},[66,50855,7546],{"class":478},[66,50857,50858],{"class":102},")))",[66,50860,50861],{"class":3413},"      # 2\n",[66,50863,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878,50880,50882,50885],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,50865,138],{"class":137},[66,50867,110],{"class":102},[66,50869,10924],{"class":137},[66,50871,5283],{"class":102},[66,50873,113],{"class":80},[66,50875,960],{"class":84},[66,50877,113],{"class":80},[66,50879,1111],{"class":102},[66,50881,479],{"class":478},[66,50883,50884],{"class":102},"}))",[66,50886,50887],{"class":3413},"      # 1\n",[52,50889,50891],{"id":50890},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50893,50894,50895,50897],{},"When you use ",[15,50896,42127],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50899,50900],{},"That includes:",[33,50902,50903,50905,50907],{},[36,50904,35910],{},[36,50906,10214],{},[36,50908,50909],{},"punctuation",[20,50911,923],{},[57,50913,50915],{"className":59,"code":50914,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50916,50917,50930],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50918,50919,50921,50923,50925,50928],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50920,73],{"class":72},[66,50922,77],{"class":76},[66,50924,81],{"class":80},[66,50926,50927],{"class":84},"Hi there!",[66,50929,88],{"class":80},[66,50931,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,50933,138],{"class":137},[66,50935,110],{"class":102},[66,50937,10924],{"class":137},[66,50939,110],{"class":102},[66,50941,349],{"class":106},[66,50943,5117],{"class":102},[66,50945,50946],{"class":3413},"  # 9\n",[20,50948,50949,50950,2228],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50951,1877],{},[33,50953,50954,50960,50964,50967],{},[36,50955,50956,50959],{},[15,50957,50958],{},"H"," = 1",[36,50961,50962,50959],{},[15,50963,35921],{},[36,50965,50966],{},"space = 1",[36,50968,50969,50972],{},[15,50970,50971],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50974,50975,50976],{},"Total: ",[15,50977,1877],{},[20,50979,50980,50981,1111],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50982,1852],{},[57,50984,50986],{"className":59,"code":50985,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50987,50988,50997],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50989,50990,50993,50995],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50991,50992],{"class":72},"empty_text ",[66,50994,77],{"class":76},[66,50996,7638],{"class":80},[66,50998,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51010,51012],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51000,138],{"class":137},[66,51002,110],{"class":102},[66,51004,10924],{"class":137},[66,51006,110],{"class":102},[66,51008,51009],{"class":106},"empty_text",[66,51011,5117],{"class":102},[66,51013,51014],{"class":3413},"  # 0\n",[20,51016,51017],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[57,51019,51021],{"className":59,"code":51020,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51022,51023,51036,51040,51060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51024,51025,51028,51030,51032,51034],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51026,51027],{"class":72},"user_name ",[66,51029,77],{"class":76},[66,51031,81],{"class":80},[66,51033,4758],{"class":84},[66,51035,88],{"class":80},[66,51037,51038],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51039,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,51041,51042,51044,51046,51048,51051,51053,51056,51058],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,51043,6752],{"class":3627},[66,51045,38152],{"class":137},[66,51047,110],{"class":102},[66,51049,51050],{"class":106},"user_name",[66,51052,3410],{"class":102},[66,51054,51055],{"class":76}," >=",[66,51057,2186],{"class":478},[66,51059,6146],{"class":102},[66,51061,51062,51064,51066,51068,51071,51073],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,51063,7826],{"class":137},[66,51065,110],{"class":102},[66,51067,113],{"class":80},[66,51069,51070],{"class":84},"Name is long enough",[66,51072,113],{"class":80},[66,51074,131],{"class":102},[52,51076,51078],{"id":51077},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51080,51081,51082,51084],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51083,42127],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51086,51087],{},"Example with a list:",[57,51089,51091],{"className":59,"code":51090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51092,51093,51125],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51094,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51096,12838],{"class":72},[66,51098,77],{"class":76},[66,51100,3370],{"class":102},[66,51102,113],{"class":80},[66,51104,1392],{"class":84},[66,51106,113],{"class":80},[66,51108,121],{"class":102},[66,51110,81],{"class":80},[66,51112,17217],{"class":84},[66,51114,113],{"class":80},[66,51116,121],{"class":102},[66,51118,81],{"class":80},[66,51120,1401],{"class":84},[66,51122,113],{"class":80},[66,51124,3383],{"class":102},[66,51126,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137,51139],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51128,138],{"class":137},[66,51130,110],{"class":102},[66,51132,10924],{"class":137},[66,51134,110],{"class":102},[66,51136,17264],{"class":106},[66,51138,5117],{"class":102},[66,51140,50538],{"class":3413},[20,51142,37682],{},[57,51144,51146],{"className":59,"code":51145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51147,51148,51165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51149,51150,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51151,51152],{"class":72},"point ",[66,51154,77],{"class":76},[66,51156,8997],{"class":102},[66,51158,2064],{"class":478},[66,51160,121],{"class":102},[66,51162,7546],{"class":478},[66,51164,131],{"class":102},[66,51166,51167,51169,51171,51173,51175,51178,51180],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51168,138],{"class":137},[66,51170,110],{"class":102},[66,51172,10924],{"class":137},[66,51174,110],{"class":102},[66,51176,51177],{"class":106},"point",[66,51179,5117],{"class":102},[66,51181,51182],{"class":3413},"  # 2\n",[20,51184,51185],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[57,51187,51189],{"className":59,"code":51188,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51190,51191,51215,51219,51237],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51192,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51194,7535],{"class":72},[66,51196,77],{"class":76},[66,51198,3370],{"class":102},[66,51200,113],{"class":80},[66,51202,3832],{"class":84},[66,51204,113],{"class":80},[66,51206,121],{"class":102},[66,51208,81],{"class":80},[66,51210,627],{"class":84},[66,51212,113],{"class":80},[66,51214,3383],{"class":102},[66,51216,51217],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51218,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,51220,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,51222,6752],{"class":3627},[66,51224,38152],{"class":137},[66,51226,110],{"class":102},[66,51228,7566],{"class":106},[66,51230,3410],{"class":102},[66,51232,38162],{"class":76},[66,51234,479],{"class":478},[66,51236,6146],{"class":102},[66,51238,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,51240,7826],{"class":137},[66,51242,110],{"class":102},[66,51244,7566],{"class":106},[66,51246,3652],{"class":102},[66,51248,2729],{"class":478},[66,51250,20209],{"class":102},[66,51252,51253],{"class":3413},"  # banana\n",[20,51255,51256],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[57,51258,51260],{"className":59,"code":51259,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51261,51262,51285],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51263,51264,51266,51268,51270,51273,51275,51278,51280,51283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51265,4818],{"class":72},[66,51267,77],{"class":76},[66,51269,3370],{"class":102},[66,51271,51272],{"class":478},"88",[66,51274,121],{"class":102},[66,51276,51277],{"class":478}," 91",[66,51279,121],{"class":102},[66,51281,51282],{"class":478}," 75",[66,51284,3383],{"class":102},[66,51286,51287,51289,51291,51293,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51288,138],{"class":137},[66,51290,110],{"class":102},[66,51292,113],{"class":80},[66,51294,51295],{"class":84},"Number of scores:",[66,51297,113],{"class":80},[66,51299,121],{"class":102},[66,51301,38152],{"class":137},[66,51303,110],{"class":102},[66,51305,16151],{"class":106},[66,51307,1330],{"class":102},[20,51309,51310,51311,103],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[200,51312,51314],{"href":51313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[52,51316,51318],{"id":51317},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51320,51321,51322,51324],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51323,42127],{}," counts keys.",[57,51326,51328],{"className":59,"code":51327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51329,51330,51338,51356,51370,51386,51390,51394],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51331,51332,51334,51336],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51333,12626],{"class":72},[66,51335,77],{"class":76},[66,51337,11256],{"class":102},[66,51339,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51341,11261],{"class":80},[66,51343,7423],{"class":84},[66,51345,113],{"class":80},[66,51347,1111],{"class":102},[66,51349,81],{"class":80},[66,51351,7678],{"class":84},[66,51353,113],{"class":80},[66,51355,11277],{"class":102},[66,51357,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,51359,11261],{"class":80},[66,51361,9060],{"class":84},[66,51363,113],{"class":80},[66,51365,1111],{"class":102},[66,51367,30710],{"class":478},[66,51369,11277],{"class":102},[66,51371,51372,51374,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,51373,11261],{"class":80},[66,51375,19654],{"class":84},[66,51377,113],{"class":80},[66,51379,1111],{"class":102},[66,51381,81],{"class":80},[66,51383,22009],{"class":84},[66,51385,88],{"class":80},[66,51387,51388],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,51389,9070],{"class":102},[66,51391,51392],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,51393,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,51395,51396,51398,51400,51402,51404,51406,51408],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,51397,138],{"class":137},[66,51399,110],{"class":102},[66,51401,10924],{"class":137},[66,51403,110],{"class":102},[66,51405,13387],{"class":106},[66,51407,5117],{"class":102},[66,51409,50538],{"class":3413},[20,51411,51412,51413,51415],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51414,42127],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51417,51418,51419,51421],{},"For sets, ",[15,51420,42127],{}," counts unique items:",[57,51423,51425],{"className":59,"code":51424,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51426,51427,51455],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51430,3365],{"class":72},[66,51432,77],{"class":76},[66,51434,10253],{"class":102},[66,51436,2729],{"class":478},[66,51438,121],{"class":102},[66,51440,561],{"class":478},[66,51442,121],{"class":102},[66,51444,2186],{"class":478},[66,51446,121],{"class":102},[66,51448,2186],{"class":478},[66,51450,121],{"class":102},[66,51452,561],{"class":478},[66,51454,9070],{"class":102},[66,51456,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465,51467,51469],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51458,138],{"class":137},[66,51460,110],{"class":102},[66,51462,10924],{"class":137},[66,51464,110],{"class":102},[66,51466,3397],{"class":106},[66,51468,5117],{"class":102},[66,51470,50538],{"class":3413},[20,51472,51473],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51475,51476],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[57,51478,51480],{"className":59,"code":51479,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51481,51482,51490,51494,51512],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51483,51484,51486,51488],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51485,8926],{"class":72},[66,51487,77],{"class":76},[66,51489,9600],{"class":102},[66,51491,51492],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51493,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,51495,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,51497,6752],{"class":3627},[66,51499,38152],{"class":137},[66,51501,110],{"class":102},[66,51503,8965],{"class":106},[66,51505,3410],{"class":102},[66,51507,6161],{"class":76},[66,51509,3584],{"class":478},[66,51511,6146],{"class":102},[66,51513,51514,51516,51518,51520,51523,51525],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,51515,7826],{"class":137},[66,51517,110],{"class":102},[66,51519,113],{"class":80},[66,51521,51522],{"class":84},"The dictionary is empty",[66,51524,113],{"class":80},[66,51526,131],{"class":102},[52,51528,40813],{"id":40812},[20,51530,51531,51532,103],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51533,42127],{},[258,51535,51537],{"id":51536},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[57,51539,51541],{"className":59,"code":51540,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51542,51543,51551,51555,51573],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51544,51545,51547,51549],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51546,7535],{"class":72},[66,51548,77],{"class":76},[66,51550,7595],{"class":102},[66,51552,51553],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51554,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,51556,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,51558,6752],{"class":3627},[66,51560,38152],{"class":137},[66,51562,110],{"class":102},[66,51564,7566],{"class":106},[66,51566,3410],{"class":102},[66,51568,6161],{"class":76},[66,51570,3584],{"class":478},[66,51572,6146],{"class":102},[66,51574,51575,51577,51579,51581,51584,51586],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,51576,7826],{"class":137},[66,51578,110],{"class":102},[66,51580,113],{"class":80},[66,51582,51583],{"class":84},"The list is empty",[66,51585,113],{"class":80},[66,51587,131],{"class":102},[258,51589,51591],{"id":51590},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[57,51593,51595],{"className":59,"code":51594,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51596,51597,51616],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51598,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609,51612,51614],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51600,5906],{"class":72},[66,51602,77],{"class":76},[66,51604,8000],{"class":137},[66,51606,110],{"class":102},[66,51608,113],{"class":80},[66,51610,51611],{"class":84},"Enter a word: ",[66,51613,113],{"class":80},[66,51615,131],{"class":102},[66,51617,51618,51620,51622,51624,51627,51629,51631,51633,51635,51637],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51619,138],{"class":137},[66,51621,110],{"class":102},[66,51623,113],{"class":80},[66,51625,51626],{"class":84},"Number of characters:",[66,51628,113],{"class":80},[66,51630,121],{"class":102},[66,51632,38152],{"class":137},[66,51634,110],{"class":102},[66,51636,38157],{"class":106},[66,51638,1330],{"class":102},[258,51640,51642],{"id":51641},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[57,51644,51646],{"className":59,"code":51645,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51647,51648,51662,51666,51684,51699,51705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51649,51650,51653,51655,51657,51660],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51651,51652],{"class":72},"password ",[66,51654,77],{"class":76},[66,51656,81],{"class":80},[66,51658,51659],{"class":84},"secret123",[66,51661,88],{"class":80},[66,51663,51664],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51665,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,51667,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,51669,6752],{"class":3627},[66,51671,38152],{"class":137},[66,51673,110],{"class":102},[66,51675,17383],{"class":106},[66,51677,3410],{"class":102},[66,51679,51055],{"class":76},[66,51681,6112],{"class":478},[66,51683,6146],{"class":102},[66,51685,51686,51688,51690,51692,51695,51697],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,51687,7826],{"class":137},[66,51689,110],{"class":102},[66,51691,113],{"class":80},[66,51693,51694],{"class":84},"Password length is valid",[66,51696,113],{"class":80},[66,51698,131],{"class":102},[66,51700,51701,51703],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,51702,27199],{"class":3627},[66,51704,6146],{"class":102},[66,51706,51707,51709,51711,51713,51716,51718],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,51708,7826],{"class":137},[66,51710,110],{"class":102},[66,51712,113],{"class":80},[66,51714,51715],{"class":84},"Password is too short",[66,51717,113],{"class":80},[66,51719,131],{"class":102},[258,51721,51723],{"id":51722},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[57,51725,51727],{"className":59,"code":51726,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51728,51729,51765],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51730,51731,51734,51736,51738,51740,51743,51745,51747,51749,51752,51754,51756,51758,51761,51763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51732,51733],{"class":72},"results ",[66,51735,77],{"class":76},[66,51737,3370],{"class":102},[66,51739,113],{"class":80},[66,51741,51742],{"class":84},"item1",[66,51744,113],{"class":80},[66,51746,121],{"class":102},[66,51748,81],{"class":80},[66,51750,51751],{"class":84},"item2",[66,51753,113],{"class":80},[66,51755,121],{"class":102},[66,51757,81],{"class":80},[66,51759,51760],{"class":84},"item3",[66,51762,113],{"class":80},[66,51764,3383],{"class":102},[66,51766,51767,51769,51771,51773,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51787],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51768,138],{"class":137},[66,51770,110],{"class":102},[66,51772,113],{"class":80},[66,51774,51775],{"class":84},"Items found:",[66,51777,113],{"class":80},[66,51779,121],{"class":102},[66,51781,38152],{"class":137},[66,51783,110],{"class":102},[66,51785,51786],{"class":106},"results",[66,51788,1330],{"class":102},[20,51790,51791],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[52,51793,51795],{"id":51794},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51797,51798,51800],{},[15,51799,42127],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51802,51803,51804,1111],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51805,2746],{},[33,51807,51808,51811,51814],{},[36,51809,51810],{},"plain integers",[36,51812,51813],{},"floats",[36,51815,51816],{},[15,51817,3528],{},[20,51819,923],{},[57,51821,51823],{"className":59,"code":51822,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51824,51825],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51826,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51828,138],{"class":137},[66,51830,110],{"class":102},[66,51832,10924],{"class":137},[66,51834,110],{"class":102},[66,51836,1869],{"class":478},[66,51838,1330],{"class":102},[20,51840,51841,51842,51844],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51843,1869],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51846,51847],{},"Another example:",[57,51849,51851],{"className":59,"code":51850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51852,51853],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51854,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51856,138],{"class":137},[66,51858,110],{"class":102},[66,51860,10924],{"class":137},[66,51862,110],{"class":102},[66,51864,39910],{"class":478},[66,51866,1330],{"class":102},[20,51868,51869,51870,1111],{},"And with ",[15,51871,3528],{},[57,51873,51875],{"className":59,"code":51874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51876,51877,51885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51878,51879,51881,51883],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51880,2181],{"class":72},[66,51882,77],{"class":76},[66,51884,48295],{"class":3602},[66,51886,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51888,138],{"class":137},[66,51890,110],{"class":102},[66,51892,10924],{"class":137},[66,51894,110],{"class":102},[66,51896,2208],{"class":106},[66,51898,1330],{"class":102},[20,51900,51901,51902,103],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[200,51903,51905],{"href":51904},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[52,51907,51909],{"id":51908},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51911,51912,51913,51915],{},"Before using ",[15,51914,42127],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51917,51918],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[57,51920,51922],{"className":59,"code":51921,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51923,51924,51932,51936,51946,51960,51978,51996],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51925,51926,51928,51930],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51927,2181],{"class":72},[66,51929,77],{"class":76},[66,51931,48295],{"class":3602},[66,51933,51934],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,51935,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,51937,51938,51940,51942,51944],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,51939,138],{"class":137},[66,51941,110],{"class":102},[66,51943,2208],{"class":106},[66,51945,131],{"class":102},[66,51947,51948,51950,51952,51954,51956,51958],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,51949,138],{"class":137},[66,51951,110],{"class":102},[66,51953,2964],{"class":2641},[66,51955,110],{"class":102},[66,51957,2208],{"class":106},[66,51959,1330],{"class":102},[66,51961,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,51963,138],{"class":137},[66,51965,110],{"class":102},[66,51967,48643],{"class":137},[66,51969,110],{"class":102},[66,51971,2208],{"class":106},[66,51973,121],{"class":102},[66,51975,48672],{"class":2641},[66,51977,1330],{"class":102},[66,51979,51980,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,51981,138],{"class":137},[66,51983,110],{"class":102},[66,51985,48643],{"class":137},[66,51987,110],{"class":102},[66,51989,2208],{"class":106},[66,51991,121],{"class":102},[66,51993,22324],{"class":2641},[66,51995,1330],{"class":102},[66,51997,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,51999,138],{"class":137},[66,52001,110],{"class":102},[66,52003,48643],{"class":137},[66,52005,110],{"class":102},[66,52007,2208],{"class":106},[66,52009,121],{"class":102},[66,52011,8931],{"class":2641},[66,52013,1330],{"class":102},[20,52015,52016],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52018,52019],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[57,52021,52023],{"className":59,"code":52022,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52024,52025,52037,52041,52055],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52026,52027,52029,52031,52033,52035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52028,2181],{"class":72},[66,52030,77],{"class":76},[66,52032,81],{"class":80},[66,52034,939],{"class":84},[66,52036,88],{"class":80},[66,52038,52039],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52040,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,52042,52043,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,52044,6752],{"class":3627},[66,52046,21348],{"class":72},[66,52048,11956],{"class":76},[66,52050,7857],{"class":76},[66,52052,3603],{"class":3602},[66,52054,6146],{"class":102},[66,52056,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,52058,7826],{"class":137},[66,52060,110],{"class":102},[66,52062,10924],{"class":137},[66,52064,110],{"class":102},[66,52066,2208],{"class":106},[66,52068,1330],{"class":102},[20,52070,52071,52072,103],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[200,52073,8201],{"href":2032},[52,52075,2568],{"id":2567},[20,52077,22859,52078,1111],{},[15,52079,42127],{},[33,52081,52082,52090,52098,52106,52112],{},[36,52083,8176,52084,52086,52087],{},[15,52085,42127],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52088,52089],{},"len(5)",[36,52091,8176,52092,52094,52095],{},[15,52093,42127],{}," on a float like ",[15,52096,52097],{},"len(3.14)",[36,52099,8176,52100,52102,52103,52105],{},[15,52101,42127],{}," on ",[15,52104,3528],{}," after a function returns nothing",[36,52107,4331,52108,52111],{},[15,52109,52110],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[36,52113,52114],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52116,52117],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[57,52119,52121],{"className":59,"code":52120,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52122,52123,52159],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52124,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133,52135,52137,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153,52155,52157],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52126,12965],{"class":72},[66,52128,77],{"class":76},[66,52130,10253],{"class":102},[66,52132,113],{"class":80},[66,52134,7423],{"class":84},[66,52136,113],{"class":80},[66,52138,1111],{"class":102},[66,52140,81],{"class":80},[66,52142,12643],{"class":84},[66,52144,113],{"class":80},[66,52146,121],{"class":102},[66,52148,81],{"class":80},[66,52150,9060],{"class":84},[66,52152,113],{"class":80},[66,52154,1111],{"class":102},[66,52156,7546],{"class":478},[66,52158,9070],{"class":102},[66,52160,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171,52173],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52162,138],{"class":137},[66,52164,110],{"class":102},[66,52166,10924],{"class":137},[66,52168,110],{"class":102},[66,52170,17070],{"class":106},[66,52172,5117],{"class":102},[66,52174,51182],{"class":3413},[20,52176,37360,52177,52179,52180,798,52182,103],{},[15,52178,1788],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52181,15001],{},[15,52183,52184],{},"\"age\"",[20,52186,52187],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[57,52189,52191],{"className":59,"code":52190,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52192,52193,52206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52194,52195,52197,52199,52201,52204],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52196,73],{"class":72},[66,52198,77],{"class":76},[66,52200,81],{"class":80},[66,52202,52203],{"class":84},"a b",[66,52205,88],{"class":80},[66,52207,52208,52210,52212,52214,52216,52218,52220],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52209,138],{"class":137},[66,52211,110],{"class":102},[66,52213,10924],{"class":137},[66,52215,110],{"class":102},[66,52217,349],{"class":106},[66,52219,5117],{"class":102},[66,52221,50538],{"class":3413},[20,52223,52224],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[52,52226,1518],{"id":1517},[258,52228,52230],{"id":52229},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52232,52233],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[258,52235,52237],{"id":52236},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52239,52240],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[258,52242,52244],{"id":52243},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52246,52247],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[258,52249,52251],{"id":52250},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52253,52254,52255,52257,52258,2617,52260,52262,52263,103],{},"No. Using ",[15,52256,42127],{}," on an ",[15,52259,1922],{},[15,52261,1926],{}," raises a ",[15,52264,2746],{},[258,52266,52268],{"id":52267},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52270,7518,52271,103],{},[15,52272,52273],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52275,923],{},[57,52277,52279],{"className":59,"code":52278,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52280,52281,52289,52293,52311],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52282,52283,52285,52287],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52284,8066],{"class":72},[66,52286,77],{"class":76},[66,52288,7595],{"class":102},[66,52290,52291],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52292,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,52294,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52307,52309],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,52296,6752],{"class":3627},[66,52298,38152],{"class":137},[66,52300,110],{"class":102},[66,52302,8097],{"class":106},[66,52304,3410],{"class":102},[66,52306,6161],{"class":76},[66,52308,3584],{"class":478},[66,52310,6146],{"class":102},[66,52312,52313,52315,52317,52319,52322,52324],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,52314,7826],{"class":137},[66,52316,110],{"class":102},[66,52318,113],{"class":80},[66,52320,52321],{"class":84},"Empty list",[66,52323,113],{"class":80},[66,52325,131],{"class":102},[20,52327,52328,52329,52331,52332,52334,52335,52337],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52330,3424],{}," in an ",[15,52333,6752],{}," statement, but ",[15,52336,42127],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[52,52339,1620],{"id":1619},[33,52341,52342,52346,52350,52354,52359,52363,52369],{},[36,52343,52344],{},[200,52345,50743],{"href":202},[36,52347,52348],{},[200,52349,50747],{"href":50746},[36,52351,52352],{},[200,52353,8916],{"href":8915},[36,52355,52356],{},[200,52357,52358],{"href":51313},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[36,52360,52361],{},[200,52362,8201],{"href":2032},[36,52364,52365],{},[200,52366,52368],{"href":52367},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[36,52370,52371],{},[200,52372,52373],{"href":51904},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1651,52375,52376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":52378},[52379,52380,52381,52382,52383,52384,52385,52391,52392,52393,52394,52401],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":50546,"depth":91,"text":50547},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":50890,"depth":91,"text":50891},{"id":51077,"depth":91,"text":51078},{"id":51317,"depth":91,"text":51318},{"id":40812,"depth":91,"text":40813,"children":52386},[52387,52388,52389,52390],{"id":51536,"depth":134,"text":51537},{"id":51590,"depth":134,"text":51591},{"id":51641,"depth":134,"text":51642},{"id":51722,"depth":134,"text":51723},{"id":51794,"depth":91,"text":51795},{"id":51908,"depth":91,"text":51909},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":52395},[52396,52397,52398,52399,52400],{"id":52229,"depth":134,"text":52230},{"id":52236,"depth":134,"text":52237},{"id":52243,"depth":134,"text":52244},{"id":52250,"depth":134,"text":52251},{"id":52267,"depth":134,"text":52268},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50429,"description":52402},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52409,"title":52410,"body":52411,"description":54096,"extension":1694,"meta":54097,"navigation":338,"path":54098,"seo":54099,"stem":54100,"__hash__":54101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52412,"toc":54069},[52413,52416,52430,52436,52438,52492,52497,52501,52517,52520,52534,52540,52542,52545,52564,52580,52582,52658,52660,52697,52708,52710,52713,52774,52776,52809,52812,52818,52822,52825,52950,52952,53011,53019,53072,53074,53101,53107,53117,53121,53124,53129,53181,53183,53209,53215,53269,53271,53296,53299,53323,53329,53331,53335,53337,53394,53396,53404,53406,53428,53430,53483,53485,53509,53513,53515,53554,53556,53564,53570,53574,53626,53628,53654,53662,53666,53671,53680,53682,53748,53750,53782,53786,53791,53793,53807,53810,53883,53885,53911,53913,53917,53924,53928,53935,53939,53942,53944,53997,53999,54025,54029,54038,54040,54066],[10,52414,52410],{"id":52415},"python-list-append-method",[20,52417,1711,52418,52421,52422,52425,52426,52429],{},[15,52419,52420],{},"append()"," method adds ",[398,52423,52424],{},"one item"," to the ",[398,52427,52428],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52431,52432,52433,52435],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[398,52434,4383],{}," create a new list.",[52,52437,3355],{"id":3354},[57,52439,52441],{"className":59,"code":52440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52442,52443,52463,52477,52487],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52444,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52446,3365],{"class":72},[66,52448,77],{"class":76},[66,52450,3370],{"class":102},[66,52452,2729],{"class":478},[66,52454,121],{"class":102},[66,52456,561],{"class":478},[66,52458,121],{"class":102},[66,52460,2186],{"class":478},[66,52462,3383],{"class":102},[66,52464,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52466,3397],{"class":72},[66,52468,103],{"class":102},[66,52470,13314],{"class":106},[66,52472,110],{"class":102},[66,52474,2241],{"class":478},[66,52476,131],{"class":102},[66,52478,52479,52481,52483,52485],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,52480,138],{"class":137},[66,52482,110],{"class":102},[66,52484,3397],{"class":106},[66,52486,131],{"class":102},[66,52488,52489],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,52490,52491],{"class":3413},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52493,160,52494,52496],{},[15,52495,52420],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[52,52498,52500],{"id":52499},"what-append-does","What append() does",[33,52502,52503,52508,52511,52514],{},[36,52504,52505,52507],{},[15,52506,52420],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[36,52509,52510],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[36,52512,52513],{},"It does not create a new list",[36,52515,52516],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52518,52519],{},"This means you can append:",[33,52521,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532],{},[36,52523,3397],{},[36,52525,5064],{},[36,52527,40361],{},[36,52529,5055],{},[36,52531,7006],{},[36,52533,34430],{},[20,52535,52536,52537,103],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[200,52538,52539],{"href":50746},"Python lists explained for beginners",[52,52541,207],{"id":206},[20,52543,52544],{},"Basic form:",[57,52546,52548],{"className":59,"code":52547,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52549,52550],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52551,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52553,8097],{"class":72},[66,52555,103],{"class":102},[66,52557,13314],{"class":106},[66,52559,110],{"class":102},[66,52561,23075],{"class":106},[66,52563,131],{"class":102},[33,52565,52566,52571,52576],{},[36,52567,52568,52570],{},[15,52569,8097],{}," is the list you want to change",[36,52572,52573,52575],{},[15,52574,23075],{}," is the value or object to add",[36,52577,11673,52578],{},[15,52579,3528],{},[20,52581,923],{},[57,52583,52585],{"className":59,"code":52584,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52586,52587,52611,52634,52638,52648],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52588,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52590,36006],{"class":72},[66,52592,77],{"class":76},[66,52594,3370],{"class":102},[66,52596,113],{"class":80},[66,52598,3832],{"class":84},[66,52600,113],{"class":80},[66,52602,121],{"class":102},[66,52604,81],{"class":80},[66,52606,627],{"class":84},[66,52608,113],{"class":80},[66,52610,3383],{"class":102},[66,52612,52613,52615,52617,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52614,447],{"class":72},[66,52616,77],{"class":76},[66,52618,52619],{"class":72}," fruits",[66,52621,103],{"class":102},[66,52623,13314],{"class":106},[66,52625,110],{"class":102},[66,52627,113],{"class":80},[66,52629,32989],{"class":84},[66,52631,113],{"class":80},[66,52633,131],{"class":102},[66,52635,52636],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,52637,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,52639,52640,52642,52644,52646],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,52641,138],{"class":137},[66,52643,110],{"class":102},[66,52645,36058],{"class":106},[66,52647,131],{"class":102},[66,52649,52650,52652,52654,52656],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,52651,138],{"class":137},[66,52653,110],{"class":102},[66,52655,494],{"class":106},[66,52657,131],{"class":102},[20,52659,148],{},[57,52661,52663],{"className":59,"code":52662,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52664,52665,52693],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52666,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52668,3652],{"class":102},[66,52670,3044],{"class":80},[66,52672,3832],{"class":84},[66,52674,3044],{"class":80},[66,52676,121],{"class":102},[66,52678,3039],{"class":80},[66,52680,627],{"class":84},[66,52682,3044],{"class":80},[66,52684,121],{"class":102},[66,52686,3039],{"class":80},[66,52688,32989],{"class":84},[66,52690,3044],{"class":80},[66,52692,3383],{"class":102},[66,52694,52695],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52696,11570],{"class":3602},[20,52698,52699,52700,52702,52703,52705,52706,103],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52701,52420],{}," updates ",[15,52704,36058],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52707,3528],{},[52,52709,11238],{"id":11237},[20,52711,52712],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[57,52714,52716],{"className":59,"code":52715,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52717,52718,52742,52760,52764],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52719,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52721,12838],{"class":72},[66,52723,77],{"class":76},[66,52725,3370],{"class":102},[66,52727,113],{"class":80},[66,52729,1392],{"class":84},[66,52731,113],{"class":80},[66,52733,121],{"class":102},[66,52735,81],{"class":80},[66,52737,1401],{"class":84},[66,52739,113],{"class":80},[66,52741,3383],{"class":102},[66,52743,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52745,17264],{"class":72},[66,52747,103],{"class":102},[66,52749,13314],{"class":106},[66,52751,110],{"class":102},[66,52753,113],{"class":80},[66,52755,17217],{"class":84},[66,52757,113],{"class":80},[66,52759,131],{"class":102},[66,52761,52762],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,52763,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,52765,52766,52768,52770,52772],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,52767,138],{"class":137},[66,52769,110],{"class":102},[66,52771,17264],{"class":106},[66,52773,131],{"class":102},[20,52775,148],{},[57,52777,52779],{"className":59,"code":52778,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52780,52781],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52782,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52784,3652],{"class":102},[66,52786,3044],{"class":80},[66,52788,1392],{"class":84},[66,52790,3044],{"class":80},[66,52792,121],{"class":102},[66,52794,3039],{"class":80},[66,52796,1401],{"class":84},[66,52798,3044],{"class":80},[66,52800,121],{"class":102},[66,52802,3039],{"class":80},[66,52804,17217],{"class":84},[66,52806,3044],{"class":80},[66,52808,3383],{"class":102},[20,52810,52811],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52813,30850,52814,103],{},[200,52815,52817],{"href":52816},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[52,52819,52821],{"id":52820},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52823,52824],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[57,52826,52828],{"className":59,"code":52827,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52829,52830,52838,52842,52856,52874,52888,52914,52936,52940],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52831,52832,52834,52836],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52833,7535],{"class":72},[66,52835,77],{"class":76},[66,52837,7595],{"class":102},[66,52839,52840],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,52841,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,52843,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,52845,7566],{"class":72},[66,52847,103],{"class":102},[66,52849,13314],{"class":106},[66,52851,110],{"class":102},[66,52853,2064],{"class":478},[66,52855,131],{"class":102},[66,52857,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,52859,7566],{"class":72},[66,52861,103],{"class":102},[66,52863,13314],{"class":106},[66,52865,110],{"class":102},[66,52867,113],{"class":80},[66,52869,939],{"class":84},[66,52871,113],{"class":80},[66,52873,131],{"class":102},[66,52875,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,52877,7566],{"class":72},[66,52879,103],{"class":102},[66,52881,13314],{"class":106},[66,52883,110],{"class":102},[66,52885,3350],{"class":3602},[66,52887,131],{"class":102},[66,52889,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,52891,7566],{"class":72},[66,52893,103],{"class":102},[66,52895,13314],{"class":106},[66,52897,5283],{"class":102},[66,52899,113],{"class":80},[66,52901,7423],{"class":84},[66,52903,113],{"class":80},[66,52905,1111],{"class":102},[66,52907,81],{"class":80},[66,52909,7432],{"class":84},[66,52911,113],{"class":80},[66,52913,30263],{"class":102},[66,52915,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,52917,7566],{"class":72},[66,52919,103],{"class":102},[66,52921,13314],{"class":106},[66,52923,2726],{"class":102},[66,52925,2729],{"class":478},[66,52927,121],{"class":102},[66,52929,561],{"class":478},[66,52931,121],{"class":102},[66,52933,2186],{"class":478},[66,52935,3640],{"class":102},[66,52937,52938],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,52939,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,52941,52942,52944,52946,52948],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,52943,138],{"class":137},[66,52945,110],{"class":102},[66,52947,7566],{"class":106},[66,52949,131],{"class":102},[20,52951,148],{},[57,52953,52955],{"className":59,"code":52954,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52956,52957],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52958,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006,53008],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52960,3652],{"class":102},[66,52962,2064],{"class":478},[66,52964,121],{"class":102},[66,52966,3039],{"class":80},[66,52968,939],{"class":84},[66,52970,3044],{"class":80},[66,52972,121],{"class":102},[66,52974,3668],{"class":3602},[66,52976,121],{"class":102},[66,52978,10253],{"class":102},[66,52980,3044],{"class":80},[66,52982,7423],{"class":84},[66,52984,3044],{"class":80},[66,52986,1111],{"class":102},[66,52988,3039],{"class":80},[66,52990,7432],{"class":84},[66,52992,3044],{"class":80},[66,52994,52995],{"class":102},"},",[66,52997,3370],{"class":102},[66,52999,2729],{"class":478},[66,53001,121],{"class":102},[66,53003,561],{"class":478},[66,53005,121],{"class":102},[66,53007,2186],{"class":478},[66,53009,53010],{"class":102},"]]\n",[20,53012,53013,53014,41921,53016,103],{},"A list added with ",[15,53015,52420],{},[398,53017,53018],{},"one single item",[57,53020,53022],{"className":59,"code":53021,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53023,53024,53040,53058,53062],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53025,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034,53036,53038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53027,3365],{"class":72},[66,53029,77],{"class":76},[66,53031,3370],{"class":102},[66,53033,2729],{"class":478},[66,53035,121],{"class":102},[66,53037,561],{"class":478},[66,53039,3383],{"class":102},[66,53041,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53043,3397],{"class":72},[66,53045,103],{"class":102},[66,53047,13314],{"class":106},[66,53049,2726],{"class":102},[66,53051,1794],{"class":478},[66,53053,121],{"class":102},[66,53055,2192],{"class":478},[66,53057,3640],{"class":102},[66,53059,53060],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53061,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53063,53064,53066,53068,53070],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53065,138],{"class":137},[66,53067,110],{"class":102},[66,53069,3397],{"class":106},[66,53071,131],{"class":102},[20,53073,148],{},[57,53075,53077],{"className":59,"code":53076,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53078,53079],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53080,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53082,3652],{"class":102},[66,53084,2729],{"class":478},[66,53086,121],{"class":102},[66,53088,561],{"class":478},[66,53090,121],{"class":102},[66,53092,3370],{"class":102},[66,53094,1794],{"class":478},[66,53096,121],{"class":102},[66,53098,2192],{"class":478},[66,53100,53010],{"class":102},[20,53102,2019,53103,53106],{},[15,53104,53105],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53108,53109,53110,53116],{},"This is different from ",[200,53111,53113],{"href":53112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53114,53115],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[52,53118,53120],{"id":53119},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53122,53123],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[258,53125,8176,53127],{"id":53126},"using-append",[15,53128,52420],{},[57,53130,53131],{"className":59,"code":53021,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53132,53133,53149,53167,53171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53134,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53136,3365],{"class":72},[66,53138,77],{"class":76},[66,53140,3370],{"class":102},[66,53142,2729],{"class":478},[66,53144,121],{"class":102},[66,53146,561],{"class":478},[66,53148,3383],{"class":102},[66,53150,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53152,3397],{"class":72},[66,53154,103],{"class":102},[66,53156,13314],{"class":106},[66,53158,2726],{"class":102},[66,53160,1794],{"class":478},[66,53162,121],{"class":102},[66,53164,2192],{"class":478},[66,53166,3640],{"class":102},[66,53168,53169],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53170,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53172,53173,53175,53177,53179],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53174,138],{"class":137},[66,53176,110],{"class":102},[66,53178,3397],{"class":106},[66,53180,131],{"class":102},[20,53182,148],{},[57,53184,53185],{"className":59,"code":53076,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53186,53187],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53188,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53190,3652],{"class":102},[66,53192,2729],{"class":478},[66,53194,121],{"class":102},[66,53196,561],{"class":478},[66,53198,121],{"class":102},[66,53200,3370],{"class":102},[66,53202,1794],{"class":478},[66,53204,121],{"class":102},[66,53206,2192],{"class":478},[66,53208,53010],{"class":102},[258,53210,8176,53212],{"id":53211},"using-extend",[15,53213,53214],{},"extend()",[57,53216,53218],{"className":59,"code":53217,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53219,53220,53236,53255,53259],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53221,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232,53234],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53223,3365],{"class":72},[66,53225,77],{"class":76},[66,53227,3370],{"class":102},[66,53229,2729],{"class":478},[66,53231,121],{"class":102},[66,53233,561],{"class":478},[66,53235,3383],{"class":102},[66,53237,53238,53240,53242,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53239,3397],{"class":72},[66,53241,103],{"class":102},[66,53243,53244],{"class":106},"extend",[66,53246,2726],{"class":102},[66,53248,1794],{"class":478},[66,53250,121],{"class":102},[66,53252,2192],{"class":478},[66,53254,3640],{"class":102},[66,53256,53257],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53258,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53260,53261,53263,53265,53267],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53262,138],{"class":137},[66,53264,110],{"class":102},[66,53266,3397],{"class":106},[66,53268,131],{"class":102},[20,53270,148],{},[57,53272,53274],{"className":59,"code":53273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53275,53276],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53277,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53279,3652],{"class":102},[66,53281,2729],{"class":478},[66,53283,121],{"class":102},[66,53285,561],{"class":478},[66,53287,121],{"class":102},[66,53289,2186],{"class":478},[66,53291,121],{"class":102},[66,53293,2192],{"class":478},[66,53295,3383],{"class":102},[20,53297,53298],{},"The difference:",[33,53300,53301,53307,53313,53318],{},[36,53302,53303,53306],{},[15,53304,53305],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[36,53308,53309,53312],{},[15,53310,53311],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[36,53314,160,53315,53317],{},[15,53316,52420],{}," for one item",[36,53319,160,53320,53322],{},[15,53321,53214],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53324,53325,53326,103],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[200,53327,53328],{"href":53112},"Python list extend() method",[52,53330,1105],{"id":1104},[258,53332,53334],{"id":53333},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53336,25456],{},[57,53338,53340],{"className":59,"code":53339,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53341,53342,53362,53380,53384],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53343,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53345,7535],{"class":72},[66,53347,77],{"class":76},[66,53349,3370],{"class":102},[66,53351,2729],{"class":478},[66,53353,121],{"class":102},[66,53355,561],{"class":478},[66,53357,121],{"class":102},[66,53359,2186],{"class":478},[66,53361,3383],{"class":102},[66,53363,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53365,7535],{"class":72},[66,53367,77],{"class":76},[66,53369,5718],{"class":72},[66,53371,103],{"class":102},[66,53373,13314],{"class":106},[66,53375,110],{"class":102},[66,53377,2241],{"class":478},[66,53379,131],{"class":102},[66,53381,53382],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53383,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53385,53386,53388,53390,53392],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53387,138],{"class":137},[66,53389,110],{"class":102},[66,53391,7566],{"class":106},[66,53393,131],{"class":102},[20,53395,148],{},[57,53397,53398],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53399,53400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53401,53402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53403,11570],{"class":3602},[20,53405,11662],{},[33,53407,53408,53413,53419],{},[36,53409,53410,53412],{},[15,53411,52420],{}," changes the list in place",[36,53414,53415,2131,53417],{},[15,53416,52420],{},[15,53418,3528],{},[36,53420,53421,53422,53425,53426],{},"So ",[15,53423,53424],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53427,3528],{},[20,53429,1209],{},[57,53431,53433],{"className":59,"code":53432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53434,53435,53455,53469,53473],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53438,7535],{"class":72},[66,53440,77],{"class":76},[66,53442,3370],{"class":102},[66,53444,2729],{"class":478},[66,53446,121],{"class":102},[66,53448,561],{"class":478},[66,53450,121],{"class":102},[66,53452,2186],{"class":478},[66,53454,3383],{"class":102},[66,53456,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53458,7566],{"class":72},[66,53460,103],{"class":102},[66,53462,13314],{"class":106},[66,53464,110],{"class":102},[66,53466,2241],{"class":478},[66,53468,131],{"class":102},[66,53470,53471],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53472,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53474,53475,53477,53479,53481],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53476,138],{"class":137},[66,53478,110],{"class":102},[66,53480,7566],{"class":106},[66,53482,131],{"class":102},[20,53484,148],{},[57,53486,53487],{"className":59,"code":53273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53488,53489],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53490,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53492,3652],{"class":102},[66,53494,2729],{"class":478},[66,53496,121],{"class":102},[66,53498,561],{"class":478},[66,53500,121],{"class":102},[66,53502,2186],{"class":478},[66,53504,121],{"class":102},[66,53506,2192],{"class":478},[66,53508,3383],{"class":102},[258,53510,53512],{"id":53511},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53514,18676],{},[57,53516,53518],{"className":59,"code":53517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53519,53520,53544],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53521,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53523,31650],{"class":72},[66,53525,77],{"class":76},[66,53527,3370],{"class":102},[66,53529,2729],{"class":478},[66,53531,121],{"class":102},[66,53533,561],{"class":478},[66,53535,13311],{"class":102},[66,53537,13314],{"class":106},[66,53539,110],{"class":102},[66,53541,1794],{"class":478},[66,53543,131],{"class":102},[66,53545,53546,53548,53550,53552],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53547,138],{"class":137},[66,53549,110],{"class":102},[66,53551,31669],{"class":106},[66,53553,131],{"class":102},[20,53555,148],{},[57,53557,53558],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53559,53560],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53561,53562],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53563,11570],{"class":3602},[20,53565,53566,53567,53569],{},"Remember: ",[15,53568,52420],{}," updates the list you already have.",[258,53571,53573],{"id":53572},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[57,53575,53576],{"className":59,"code":53021,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53577,53578,53594,53612,53616],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53579,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53581,3365],{"class":72},[66,53583,77],{"class":76},[66,53585,3370],{"class":102},[66,53587,2729],{"class":478},[66,53589,121],{"class":102},[66,53591,561],{"class":478},[66,53593,3383],{"class":102},[66,53595,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53597,3397],{"class":72},[66,53599,103],{"class":102},[66,53601,13314],{"class":106},[66,53603,2726],{"class":102},[66,53605,1794],{"class":478},[66,53607,121],{"class":102},[66,53609,2192],{"class":478},[66,53611,3640],{"class":102},[66,53613,53614],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53615,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53617,53618,53620,53622,53624],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53619,138],{"class":137},[66,53621,110],{"class":102},[66,53623,3397],{"class":106},[66,53625,131],{"class":102},[20,53627,148],{},[57,53629,53630],{"className":59,"code":53076,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53631,53632],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53633,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53635,3652],{"class":102},[66,53637,2729],{"class":478},[66,53639,121],{"class":102},[66,53641,561],{"class":478},[66,53643,121],{"class":102},[66,53645,3370],{"class":102},[66,53647,1794],{"class":478},[66,53649,121],{"class":102},[66,53651,2192],{"class":478},[66,53653,53010],{"class":102},[20,53655,2911,53656,53659,53660,6385],{},[15,53657,53658],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53661,53214],{},[258,53663,53665],{"id":53664},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53667,53668,53670],{},[15,53669,52420],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53672,53673,53674,103],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[200,53675,53677],{"href":53676},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53678,53679],{},"list.insert()",[20,53681,923],{},[57,53683,53685],{"className":59,"code":53684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53686,53687,53711,53734,53738],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53688,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53690,35857],{"class":72},[66,53692,77],{"class":76},[66,53694,3370],{"class":102},[66,53696,113],{"class":80},[66,53698,200],{"class":84},[66,53700,113],{"class":80},[66,53702,121],{"class":102},[66,53704,81],{"class":80},[66,53706,9501],{"class":84},[66,53708,113],{"class":80},[66,53710,3383],{"class":102},[66,53712,53713,53715,53717,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53714,35910],{"class":72},[66,53716,103],{"class":102},[66,53718,53719],{"class":106},"insert",[66,53721,110],{"class":102},[66,53723,2729],{"class":478},[66,53725,121],{"class":102},[66,53727,81],{"class":80},[66,53729,4514],{"class":84},[66,53731,113],{"class":80},[66,53733,131],{"class":102},[66,53735,53736],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53737,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53739,53740,53742,53744,53746],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53741,138],{"class":137},[66,53743,110],{"class":102},[66,53745,35910],{"class":106},[66,53747,131],{"class":102},[20,53749,148],{},[57,53751,53752],{"className":59,"code":42641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53753,53754],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53755,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53757,3652],{"class":102},[66,53759,3044],{"class":80},[66,53761,200],{"class":84},[66,53763,3044],{"class":80},[66,53765,121],{"class":102},[66,53767,3039],{"class":80},[66,53769,4514],{"class":84},[66,53771,3044],{"class":80},[66,53773,121],{"class":102},[66,53775,3039],{"class":80},[66,53777,9501],{"class":84},[66,53779,3044],{"class":80},[66,53781,3383],{"class":102},[52,53783,53785],{"id":53784},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53787,53788,53790],{},[15,53789,52420],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53792,36193],{},[33,53794,53795,53798,53801,53804],{},[36,53796,53797],{},"building a list in a loop",[36,53799,53800],{},"collecting user input",[36,53802,53803],{},"storing results step by step",[36,53805,53806],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53808,53809],{},"Example with a loop:",[57,53811,53813],{"className":59,"code":53812,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53814,53815,53824,53828,53849,53868,53872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53816,53817,53820,53822],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53818,53819],{"class":72},"squares ",[66,53821,77],{"class":76},[66,53823,7595],{"class":102},[66,53825,53826],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53827,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53829,53830,53832,53834,53836,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53831,5710],{"class":3627},[66,53833,6139],{"class":72},[66,53835,3634],{"class":3627},[66,53837,53838],{"class":137}," range",[66,53840,110],{"class":102},[66,53842,2729],{"class":478},[66,53844,121],{"class":102},[66,53846,4357],{"class":478},[66,53848,8100],{"class":102},[66,53850,53851,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53852,53853],{"class":72},"    squares",[66,53855,103],{"class":102},[66,53857,13314],{"class":106},[66,53859,110],{"class":102},[66,53861,1951],{"class":106},[66,53863,39639],{"class":76},[66,53865,1931],{"class":106},[66,53867,131],{"class":102},[66,53869,53870],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,53871,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53873,53874,53876,53878,53881],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,53875,138],{"class":137},[66,53877,110],{"class":102},[66,53879,53880],{"class":106},"squares",[66,53882,131],{"class":102},[20,53884,148],{},[57,53886,53888],{"className":59,"code":53887,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53889,53890],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53891,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53905,53907,53909],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53893,3652],{"class":102},[66,53895,2729],{"class":478},[66,53897,121],{"class":102},[66,53899,2192],{"class":478},[66,53901,121],{"class":102},[66,53903,53904],{"class":478}," 9",[66,53906,121],{"class":102},[66,53908,13749],{"class":478},[66,53910,3383],{"class":102},[52,53912,1518],{"id":1517},[258,53914,53916],{"id":53915},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53918,46132,53919,53921,53922,103],{},[15,53920,52420],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53923,3528],{},[258,53925,53927],{"id":53926},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53929,53930,53931,103],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[200,53932,53933],{"href":53112},[15,53934,53214],{},[258,53936,53938],{"id":53937},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53940,53941],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53943,923],{},[57,53945,53947],{"className":59,"code":53946,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53948,53949,53965,53983,53987],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53950,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961,53963],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53952,8926],{"class":72},[66,53954,77],{"class":76},[66,53956,3370],{"class":102},[66,53958,2729],{"class":478},[66,53960,121],{"class":102},[66,53962,561],{"class":478},[66,53964,3383],{"class":102},[66,53966,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,53968,8965],{"class":72},[66,53970,103],{"class":102},[66,53972,13314],{"class":106},[66,53974,2726],{"class":102},[66,53976,1794],{"class":478},[66,53978,121],{"class":102},[66,53980,2192],{"class":478},[66,53982,3640],{"class":102},[66,53984,53985],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,53986,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,53988,53989,53991,53993,53995],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,53990,138],{"class":137},[66,53992,110],{"class":102},[66,53994,8965],{"class":106},[66,53996,131],{"class":102},[20,53998,148],{},[57,54000,54001],{"className":59,"code":53076,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,54002,54003],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54004,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54006,3652],{"class":102},[66,54008,2729],{"class":478},[66,54010,121],{"class":102},[66,54012,561],{"class":478},[66,54014,121],{"class":102},[66,54016,3370],{"class":102},[66,54018,1794],{"class":478},[66,54020,121],{"class":102},[66,54022,2192],{"class":478},[66,54024,53010],{"class":102},[258,54026,54028],{"id":54027},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54030,54031,54033,54034,54037],{},[15,54032,52420],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54035,54036],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[52,54039,1620],{"id":1619},[33,54041,54042,54047,54051,54056,54060],{},[36,54043,54044],{},[200,54045,54046],{"href":52816},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[36,54048,54049],{},[200,54050,53328],{"href":53112},[36,54052,54053],{},[200,54054,54055],{"href":53676},"Python list insert() method",[36,54057,54058],{},[200,54059,52539],{"href":50746},[36,54061,54062],{},[200,54063,54065],{"href":54064},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1651,54067,54068],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":54070},[54071,54072,54073,54074,54075,54076,54082,54088,54089,54095],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":52499,"depth":91,"text":52500},{"id":206,"depth":91,"text":207},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":52820,"depth":91,"text":52821},{"id":53119,"depth":91,"text":53120,"children":54077},[54078,54080],{"id":53126,"depth":134,"text":54079},"Using append()",{"id":53211,"depth":134,"text":54081},"Using extend()",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":54083},[54084,54085,54086,54087],{"id":53333,"depth":134,"text":53334},{"id":53511,"depth":134,"text":53512},{"id":53572,"depth":134,"text":53573},{"id":53664,"depth":134,"text":53665},{"id":53784,"depth":91,"text":53785},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":54090},[54091,54092,54093,54094],{"id":53915,"depth":134,"text":53916},{"id":53926,"depth":134,"text":53927},{"id":53937,"depth":134,"text":53938},{"id":54027,"depth":134,"text":54028},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52410,"description":54096},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54103,"title":54104,"body":54105,"description":55349,"extension":1694,"meta":55350,"navigation":338,"path":55351,"seo":55352,"stem":55353,"__hash__":55354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54106,"toc":55314},[54107,54113,54119,54125,54127,54175,54180,54185,54189,54205,54211,54213,54216,54231,54233,54244,54246,54248,54305,54307,54315,54317,54333,54339,54341,54347,54351,54435,54438,54487,54494,54502,54505,54519,54532,54538,54613,54620,54627,54701,54709,54712,54723,54732,54736,54740,54751,54753,54830,54851,54853,54863,54866,54914,54916,54937,54940,54942,54993,54999,55006,55073,55079,55085,55088,55115,55120,55126,55129,55201,55204,55215,55221,55223,55229,55232,55238,55244,55251,55259,55265,55271,55273,55311],[10,54108,54110,54111,18],{"id":54109},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54112,11084],{},[20,54114,54115,54118],{},[15,54116,54117],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54120,54121,54122,54124],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[398,54123,11096],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[52,54126,3355],{"id":3354},[57,54128,54130],{"className":59,"code":54129,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54131,54132,54152,54162],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54133,54134,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54135,7535],{"class":72},[66,54137,77],{"class":76},[66,54139,3370],{"class":102},[66,54141,2729],{"class":478},[66,54143,121],{"class":102},[66,54145,561],{"class":478},[66,54147,121],{"class":102},[66,54149,2186],{"class":478},[66,54151,3383],{"class":102},[66,54153,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54155,7566],{"class":72},[66,54157,103],{"class":102},[66,54159,11145],{"class":106},[66,54161,8402],{"class":102},[66,54163,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54165,138],{"class":137},[66,54167,110],{"class":102},[66,54169,7566],{"class":106},[66,54171,3410],{"class":102},[66,54173,54174],{"class":3413},"  # []\n",[20,54176,160,54177,54179],{},[15,54178,11084],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[52,54181,168,54183,41],{"id":54182},"what-listclear-does",[15,54184,54117],{},[20,54186,54187,1111],{},[15,54188,54117],{},[33,54190,54191,54194,54197,54202],{},[36,54192,54193],{},"Removes every item from a list",[36,54195,54196],{},"Changes the original list in place",[36,54198,54199,54200],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54201,3537],{},[36,54203,54204],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54206,54207,54208,54210],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54209,11084],{},", but it contains no values.",[52,54212,1891],{"id":1890},[20,54214,54215],{},"Syntax:",[57,54217,54219],{"className":59,"code":54218,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54220,54221],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54222,54223,54225,54227,54229],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54224,8097],{"class":72},[66,54226,103],{"class":102},[66,54228,11145],{"class":106},[66,54230,8402],{"class":102},[20,54232,11221],{},[33,54234,54235,54238,54241],{},[36,54236,54237],{},"Call it on a list object",[36,54239,54240],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[36,54242,54243],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[52,54245,11238],{"id":11237},[20,54247,11241],{},[57,54249,54251],{"className":59,"code":54250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54252,54253,54277,54281,54291,54295],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54254,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54256,3365],{"class":72},[66,54258,77],{"class":76},[66,54260,3370],{"class":102},[66,54262,2064],{"class":478},[66,54264,121],{"class":102},[66,54266,7546],{"class":478},[66,54268,121],{"class":102},[66,54270,7551],{"class":478},[66,54272,121],{"class":102},[66,54274,50611],{"class":478},[66,54276,3383],{"class":102},[66,54278,54279],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54280,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54282,54283,54285,54287,54289],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54284,3397],{"class":72},[66,54286,103],{"class":102},[66,54288,11145],{"class":106},[66,54290,8402],{"class":102},[66,54292,54293],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,54294,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54296,54297,54299,54301,54303],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,54298,138],{"class":137},[66,54300,110],{"class":102},[66,54302,3397],{"class":106},[66,54304,131],{"class":102},[20,54306,148],{},[57,54308,54309],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,54310,54311],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54312,54313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54314,38063],{"class":102},[20,54316,11447],{},[33,54318,54319,54324,54330],{},[36,54320,54321,54323],{},[15,54322,3397],{}," starts with four items",[36,54325,54326,54329],{},[15,54327,54328],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[36,54331,54332],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54334,54335,54336,103],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[200,54337,52539],{"href":54338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[52,54340,17180],{"id":17179},[20,54342,54343,2131,54345,103],{},[15,54344,11084],{},[15,54346,3528],{},[20,54348,40673,54349,52435],{},[398,54350,4383],{},[57,54352,54354],{"className":59,"code":54353,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54355,54356,54388,54392,54406,54410,54423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54357,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54359,7535],{"class":72},[66,54361,77],{"class":76},[66,54363,3370],{"class":102},[66,54365,113],{"class":80},[66,54367,200],{"class":84},[66,54369,113],{"class":80},[66,54371,121],{"class":102},[66,54373,81],{"class":80},[66,54375,4514],{"class":84},[66,54377,113],{"class":80},[66,54379,121],{"class":102},[66,54381,81],{"class":80},[66,54383,9501],{"class":84},[66,54385,113],{"class":80},[66,54387,3383],{"class":102},[66,54389,54390],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54391,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54393,54394,54396,54398,54400,54402,54404],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54395,447],{"class":72},[66,54397,77],{"class":76},[66,54399,5718],{"class":72},[66,54401,103],{"class":102},[66,54403,11145],{"class":106},[66,54405,8402],{"class":102},[66,54407,54408],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,54409,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54411,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,54413,138],{"class":137},[66,54415,110],{"class":102},[66,54417,7566],{"class":106},[66,54419,3410],{"class":102},[66,54421,54422],{"class":3413},"   # []\n",[66,54424,54425,54427,54429,54431,54433],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,54426,138],{"class":137},[66,54428,110],{"class":102},[66,54430,494],{"class":106},[66,54432,3410],{"class":102},[66,54434,20639],{"class":3413},[20,54436,54437],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[57,54439,54441],{"className":59,"code":54440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54442,54443,54463,54477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54444,54445,54447,54449,54451,54453,54455,54457,54459,54461],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54446,7535],{"class":72},[66,54448,77],{"class":76},[66,54450,3370],{"class":102},[66,54452,2729],{"class":478},[66,54454,121],{"class":102},[66,54456,561],{"class":478},[66,54458,121],{"class":102},[66,54460,2186],{"class":478},[66,54462,3383],{"class":102},[66,54464,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54466,7535],{"class":72},[66,54468,77],{"class":76},[66,54470,5718],{"class":72},[66,54472,103],{"class":102},[66,54474,11145],{"class":106},[66,54476,8402],{"class":102},[66,54478,54479,54481,54483,54485],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54480,138],{"class":137},[66,54482,110],{"class":102},[66,54484,7566],{"class":106},[66,54486,131],{"class":102},[20,54488,11678,54489,41921,54491,54493],{},[15,54490,7566],{},[15,54492,3528],{},", not an empty list.",[52,54495,54497,54499,54500],{"id":54496},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54498,11084],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54501,3537],{},[20,54503,54504],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[57,54506,54507],{"className":59,"code":54218,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,54508,54509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54510,54511,54513,54515,54517],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54512,8097],{"class":72},[66,54514,103],{"class":102},[66,54516,11145],{"class":106},[66,54518,8402],{"class":102},[57,54520,54522],{"className":59,"code":54521,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = []\n",[15,54523,54524],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54525,54526,54528,54530],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54527,8066],{"class":72},[66,54529,77],{"class":76},[66,54531,7595],{"class":102},[258,54533,54535,54537],{"id":54534},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54536,11084],{}," empties the same list object",[57,54539,54541],{"className":59,"code":54540,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54542,54543,54563,54571,54575,54585,54589,54601],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54544,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559,54561],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54546,2291],{"class":72},[66,54548,77],{"class":76},[66,54550,3370],{"class":102},[66,54552,2729],{"class":478},[66,54554,121],{"class":102},[66,54556,561],{"class":478},[66,54558,121],{"class":102},[66,54560,2186],{"class":478},[66,54562,3383],{"class":102},[66,54564,54565,54567,54569],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54566,2319],{"class":72},[66,54568,77],{"class":76},[66,54570,35942],{"class":72},[66,54572,54573],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54574,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54576,54577,54579,54581,54583],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,54578,200],{"class":72},[66,54580,103],{"class":102},[66,54582,11145],{"class":106},[66,54584,8402],{"class":102},[66,54586,54587],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,54588,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54590,54591,54593,54595,54597,54599],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,54592,138],{"class":137},[66,54594,110],{"class":102},[66,54596,200],{"class":106},[66,54598,3410],{"class":102},[66,54600,54174],{"class":3413},[66,54602,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,54604,138],{"class":137},[66,54606,110],{"class":102},[66,54608,4514],{"class":106},[66,54610,3410],{"class":102},[66,54612,54174],{"class":3413},[20,54614,10353,54615,798,54617,54619],{},[15,54616,200],{},[15,54618,4514],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[258,54621,54623,54626],{"id":54622},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54624,54625],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[57,54628,54630],{"className":59,"code":54629,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54631,54632,54652,54660,54664,54672,54676,54688],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54633,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642,54644,54646,54648,54650],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54635,2291],{"class":72},[66,54637,77],{"class":76},[66,54639,3370],{"class":102},[66,54641,2729],{"class":478},[66,54643,121],{"class":102},[66,54645,561],{"class":478},[66,54647,121],{"class":102},[66,54649,2186],{"class":478},[66,54651,3383],{"class":102},[66,54653,54654,54656,54658],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54655,2319],{"class":72},[66,54657,77],{"class":76},[66,54659,35942],{"class":72},[66,54661,54662],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54663,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54665,54666,54668,54670],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,54667,2291],{"class":72},[66,54669,77],{"class":76},[66,54671,7595],{"class":102},[66,54673,54674],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,54675,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54677,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,54679,138],{"class":137},[66,54681,110],{"class":102},[66,54683,200],{"class":106},[66,54685,3410],{"class":102},[66,54687,54174],{"class":3413},[66,54689,54690,54692,54694,54696,54698],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,54691,138],{"class":137},[66,54693,110],{"class":102},[66,54695,4514],{"class":106},[66,54697,3410],{"class":102},[66,54699,54700],{"class":3413},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54702,20534,54703,54705,54706,54708],{},[15,54704,200],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54707,4514],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54710,54711],{},"This difference matters when:",[33,54713,54714,54717,54720],{},[36,54715,54716],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[36,54718,54719],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[36,54721,54722],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54724,54725,54726,103],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[200,54727,54729,54730,774],{"href":54728},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54731,12539],{},[52,54733,4715,54734],{"id":12200},[15,54735,11084],{},[20,54737,160,54738,6070],{},[15,54739,11084],{},[33,54741,54742,54745,54748],{},[36,54743,54744],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[36,54746,54747],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[36,54749,54750],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54752,923],{},[57,54754,54756],{"className":59,"code":54755,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54757,54758,54794,54798,54803,54814,54818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54759,54760,54763,54765,54767,54769,54772,54774,54776,54778,54781,54783,54785,54787,54790,54792],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54761,54762],{"class":72},"shopping_cart ",[66,54764,77],{"class":76},[66,54766,3370],{"class":102},[66,54768,113],{"class":80},[66,54770,54771],{"class":84},"milk",[66,54773,113],{"class":80},[66,54775,121],{"class":102},[66,54777,81],{"class":80},[66,54779,54780],{"class":84},"bread",[66,54782,113],{"class":80},[66,54784,121],{"class":102},[66,54786,81],{"class":80},[66,54788,54789],{"class":84},"eggs",[66,54791,113],{"class":80},[66,54793,3383],{"class":102},[66,54795,54796],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54797,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54799,54800],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54801,54802],{"class":3413},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[66,54804,54805,54808,54810,54812],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,54806,54807],{"class":72},"shopping_cart",[66,54809,103],{"class":102},[66,54811,11145],{"class":106},[66,54813,8402],{"class":102},[66,54815,54816],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,54817,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54819,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,54821,138],{"class":137},[66,54823,110],{"class":102},[66,54825,54807],{"class":106},[66,54827,3410],{"class":102},[66,54829,54174],{"class":3413},[20,54831,54832,54833,54837,54838,54844,54845,103],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[200,54834,54836],{"href":54835},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[200,54839,54841,774],{"href":54840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54842,54843],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[200,54846,54848,774],{"href":54847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54849,54850],{},"list.pop()",[52,54852,1105],{"id":1104},[258,54854,54856,54857,10854,54860],{"id":54855},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54858,54859],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54861,54862],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54864,54865],{},"This does not call the method.",[57,54867,54869],{"className":59,"code":54868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54870,54871,54891,54895,54904],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54872,54873,54875,54877,54879,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54874,7535],{"class":72},[66,54876,77],{"class":76},[66,54878,3370],{"class":102},[66,54880,2729],{"class":478},[66,54882,121],{"class":102},[66,54884,561],{"class":478},[66,54886,121],{"class":102},[66,54888,2186],{"class":478},[66,54890,3383],{"class":102},[66,54892,54893],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54894,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54896,54897,54899,54901],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54898,7566],{"class":72},[66,54900,103],{"class":102},[66,54902,54903],{"class":24515},"clear\n",[66,54905,54906,54908,54910,54912],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,54907,138],{"class":137},[66,54909,110],{"class":102},[66,54911,7566],{"class":106},[66,54913,131],{"class":102},[20,54915,148],{},[57,54917,54919],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54920,54921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54922,54923,54925,54927,54929,54931,54933,54935],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54924,3652],{"class":102},[66,54926,2729],{"class":478},[66,54928,121],{"class":102},[66,54930,561],{"class":478},[66,54932,121],{"class":102},[66,54934,2186],{"class":478},[66,54936,3383],{"class":102},[20,54938,54939],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54941,1209],{},[57,54943,54945],{"className":59,"code":54944,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54946,54947,54967,54971,54981],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54948,54949,54951,54953,54955,54957,54959,54961,54963,54965],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54950,7535],{"class":72},[66,54952,77],{"class":76},[66,54954,3370],{"class":102},[66,54956,2729],{"class":478},[66,54958,121],{"class":102},[66,54960,561],{"class":478},[66,54962,121],{"class":102},[66,54964,2186],{"class":478},[66,54966,3383],{"class":102},[66,54968,54969],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,54970,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,54972,54973,54975,54977,54979],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,54974,7566],{"class":72},[66,54976,103],{"class":102},[66,54978,11145],{"class":106},[66,54980,8402],{"class":102},[66,54982,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,54984,138],{"class":137},[66,54986,110],{"class":102},[66,54988,7566],{"class":106},[66,54990,3410],{"class":102},[66,54992,54174],{"class":3413},[258,54994,1119,54996,54998],{"id":54995},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54997,11084],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55000,55001,2131,55003,55005],{},[15,55002,11084],{},[15,55004,3528],{},", not the list.",[57,55007,55009],{"className":59,"code":55008,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55010,55011,55031,55045,55049,55061],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55012,55013,55015,55017,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027,55029],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55014,7535],{"class":72},[66,55016,77],{"class":76},[66,55018,3370],{"class":102},[66,55020,2729],{"class":478},[66,55022,121],{"class":102},[66,55024,561],{"class":478},[66,55026,121],{"class":102},[66,55028,2186],{"class":478},[66,55030,3383],{"class":102},[66,55032,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55034,447],{"class":72},[66,55036,77],{"class":76},[66,55038,5718],{"class":72},[66,55040,103],{"class":102},[66,55042,11145],{"class":106},[66,55044,8402],{"class":102},[66,55046,55047],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,55048,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55050,55051,55053,55055,55057,55059],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,55052,138],{"class":137},[66,55054,110],{"class":102},[66,55056,494],{"class":106},[66,55058,3410],{"class":102},[66,55060,20639],{"class":3413},[66,55062,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,55064,138],{"class":137},[66,55066,110],{"class":102},[66,55068,7566],{"class":106},[66,55070,3410],{"class":102},[66,55072,54422],{"class":3413},[258,55074,8176,55076,55078],{"id":55075},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55077,11084],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55080,55081,55082,55084],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55083,11084],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55086,55087],{},"This will fail:",[57,55089,55091],{"className":59,"code":55090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55092,55093,55105],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55094,55095,55097,55099,55101,55103],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55096,73],{"class":72},[66,55098,77],{"class":76},[66,55100,81],{"class":80},[66,55102,939],{"class":84},[66,55104,88],{"class":80},[66,55106,55107,55109,55111,55113],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55108,349],{"class":72},[66,55110,103],{"class":102},[66,55112,11145],{"class":106},[66,55114,8402],{"class":102},[20,55116,55117,55118,33369],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55119,11084],{},[20,55121,55122,55123,55125],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55124,3528],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55127,55128],{},"Useful checks:",[57,55130,55132],{"className":59,"code":55131,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55133,55134,55144,55158,55172,55181,55191],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55135,55136,55138,55140,55142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55137,138],{"class":137},[66,55139,110],{"class":102},[66,55141,8097],{"class":106},[66,55143,131],{"class":102},[66,55145,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154,55156],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55147,138],{"class":137},[66,55149,110],{"class":102},[66,55151,2964],{"class":2641},[66,55153,110],{"class":102},[66,55155,8097],{"class":106},[66,55157,1330],{"class":102},[66,55159,55160,55162,55164,55166,55168,55170],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,55161,138],{"class":137},[66,55163,110],{"class":102},[66,55165,12412],{"class":137},[66,55167,110],{"class":102},[66,55169,8097],{"class":106},[66,55171,1330],{"class":102},[66,55173,55174,55176,55178],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,55175,43315],{"class":72},[66,55177,77],{"class":76},[66,55179,55180],{"class":72}," my_list\n",[66,55182,55183,55185,55187,55189],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,55184,8097],{"class":72},[66,55186,103],{"class":102},[66,55188,11145],{"class":106},[66,55190,8402],{"class":102},[66,55192,55193,55195,55197,55199],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,55194,138],{"class":137},[66,55196,110],{"class":102},[66,55198,30510],{"class":106},[66,55200,131],{"class":102},[20,55202,55203],{},"These can help you see:",[33,55205,55206,55209,55212],{},[36,55207,55208],{},"What the variable currently contains",[36,55210,55211],{},"Whether it is really a list",[36,55213,55214],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55216,55217,55218,103],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[200,55219,55220],{"href":54064},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[52,55222,1518],{"id":1517},[258,55224,1522,55226,55228],{"id":55225},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55227,54117],{}," delete the list?",[20,55230,55231],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[258,55233,1522,55235,55237],{"id":55234},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55236,54117],{}," return a new list?",[20,55239,55240,55241,55243],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55242,3528],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[258,55245,4934,55247,798,55249,2228],{"id":55246},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55248,11084],{},[15,55250,54625],{},[20,55252,55253,55255,55256,55258],{},[15,55254,11084],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55257,54625],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[258,55260,28094,55262,55264],{"id":55261},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55263,11084],{}," on other types?",[20,55266,55267,55268,55270],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55269,11084],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[52,55272,1620],{"id":1619},[33,55274,55275,55279,55284,55291,55298,55304],{},[36,55276,55277],{},[200,55278,52539],{"href":54338},[36,55280,55281],{},[200,55282,55283],{"href":54835},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[36,55285,55286],{},[200,55287,55288,55289,774],{"href":54847},"Python list ",[15,55290,12525],{},[36,55292,55293],{},[200,55294,55288,55295,774],{"href":54840},[15,55296,55297],{},"remove()",[36,55299,55300],{},[200,55301,55288,55302,774],{"href":54728},[15,55303,12539],{},[36,55305,55306],{},[200,55307,30114,55308,33402],{"href":54064},[15,55309,55310],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1651,55312,55313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":55315},[55316,55317,55319,55320,55321,55322,55329,55330,55338,55348],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":54182,"depth":91,"text":55318},"What list.clear() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":54496,"depth":91,"text":55323,"children":55324},"clear() vs assigning []",[55325,55327],{"id":54534,"depth":134,"text":55326},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54622,"depth":134,"text":55328},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12200,"depth":91,"text":12571},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":55331},[55332,55334,55336],{"id":54855,"depth":134,"text":55333},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54995,"depth":134,"text":55335},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55075,"depth":134,"text":55337},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":55339},[55340,55342,55344,55346],{"id":55225,"depth":134,"text":55341},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55234,"depth":134,"text":55343},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55246,"depth":134,"text":55345},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55261,"depth":134,"text":55347},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54104,"description":55349},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55356,"title":55357,"body":55358,"description":57043,"extension":1694,"meta":57044,"navigation":338,"path":57045,"seo":57046,"stem":57047,"__hash__":57048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55359,"toc":57011},[55360,55365,55371,55379,55381,55470,55477,55482,55486,55500,55502,55579,55581,55642,55645,55647,55649,55670,55673,55687,55690,55735,55737,55745,55748,55754,55760,55763,55840,55842,55887,55890,55895,55978,55980,56021,56026,56030,56036,56038,56046,56049,56142,56144,56202,56205,56221,56226,56236,56241,56243,56248,56253,56256,56258,56315,56318,56371,56377,56382,56386,56403,56405,56489,56491,56532,56540,56542,56547,56553,56555,56618,56623,56693,56697,56732,56735,56737,56776,56780,56856,56862,56868,56873,56895,56898,56917,56925,56927,56933,56936,56943,56951,56956,56959,56963,56969,56977,56980,56982,57008],[10,55361,54110,55363,18],{"id":55362},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55364,12539],{},[20,55366,55367,55370],{},[15,55368,55369],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55372,55373,55374,13815,55376,55378],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55375,77],{},[398,55377,4383],{}," make a real copy.",[52,55380,55],{"id":54},[57,55382,55384],{"className":59,"code":55383,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55385,55386,55406,55421,55425,55440,55444,55457],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55387,55388,55390,55392,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55389,3365],{"class":72},[66,55391,77],{"class":76},[66,55393,3370],{"class":102},[66,55395,2729],{"class":478},[66,55397,121],{"class":102},[66,55399,561],{"class":478},[66,55401,121],{"class":102},[66,55403,2186],{"class":478},[66,55405,3383],{"class":102},[66,55407,55408,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55409,55410],{"class":72},"new_numbers ",[66,55412,77],{"class":76},[66,55414,4016],{"class":72},[66,55416,103],{"class":102},[66,55418,12674],{"class":106},[66,55420,8402],{"class":102},[66,55422,55423],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,55424,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55426,55427,55430,55432,55434,55436,55438],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,55428,55429],{"class":72},"new_numbers",[66,55431,103],{"class":102},[66,55433,13314],{"class":106},[66,55435,110],{"class":102},[66,55437,2241],{"class":478},[66,55439,131],{"class":102},[66,55441,55442],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,55443,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55445,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,55447,138],{"class":137},[66,55449,110],{"class":102},[66,55451,3397],{"class":106},[66,55453,3410],{"class":102},[66,55455,55456],{"class":3413},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[66,55458,55459,55461,55463,55465,55467],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,55460,138],{"class":137},[66,55462,110],{"class":102},[66,55464,55429],{"class":106},[66,55466,3410],{"class":102},[66,55468,55469],{"class":3413},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55471,160,55472,55474,55475,103],{},[15,55473,55369],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[398,55476,12613],{},[52,55478,168,55480,41],{"id":55479},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55481,55369],{},[20,55483,55484,1111],{},[15,55485,55369],{},[33,55487,55488,55491,55494,55497],{},[36,55489,55490],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[36,55492,55493],{},"Returns that new list",[36,55495,55496],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[36,55498,55499],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55501,923],{},[57,55503,55505],{"className":59,"code":55504,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55506,55507,55539,55554,55558,55568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55508,55509,55511,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55510,36006],{"class":72},[66,55512,77],{"class":76},[66,55514,3370],{"class":102},[66,55516,113],{"class":80},[66,55518,3832],{"class":84},[66,55520,113],{"class":80},[66,55522,121],{"class":102},[66,55524,81],{"class":80},[66,55526,627],{"class":84},[66,55528,113],{"class":80},[66,55530,121],{"class":102},[66,55532,81],{"class":80},[66,55534,32989],{"class":84},[66,55536,113],{"class":80},[66,55538,3383],{"class":102},[66,55540,55541,55544,55546,55548,55550,55552],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55542,55543],{"class":72},"copied_fruits ",[66,55545,77],{"class":76},[66,55547,52619],{"class":72},[66,55549,103],{"class":102},[66,55551,12674],{"class":106},[66,55553,8402],{"class":102},[66,55555,55556],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,55557,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55559,55560,55562,55564,55566],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,55561,138],{"class":137},[66,55563,110],{"class":102},[66,55565,36058],{"class":106},[66,55567,131],{"class":102},[66,55569,55570,55572,55574,55577],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,55571,138],{"class":137},[66,55573,110],{"class":102},[66,55575,55576],{"class":106},"copied_fruits",[66,55578,131],{"class":102},[20,55580,148],{},[57,55582,55584],{"className":59,"code":55583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55585,55586,55614],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55587,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610,55612],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55589,3652],{"class":102},[66,55591,3044],{"class":80},[66,55593,3832],{"class":84},[66,55595,3044],{"class":80},[66,55597,121],{"class":102},[66,55599,3039],{"class":80},[66,55601,627],{"class":84},[66,55603,3044],{"class":80},[66,55605,121],{"class":102},[66,55607,3039],{"class":80},[66,55609,32989],{"class":84},[66,55611,3044],{"class":80},[66,55613,3383],{"class":102},[66,55615,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636,55638,55640],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55617,3652],{"class":102},[66,55619,3044],{"class":80},[66,55621,3832],{"class":84},[66,55623,3044],{"class":80},[66,55625,121],{"class":102},[66,55627,3039],{"class":80},[66,55629,627],{"class":84},[66,55631,3044],{"class":80},[66,55633,121],{"class":102},[66,55635,3039],{"class":80},[66,55637,32989],{"class":84},[66,55639,3044],{"class":80},[66,55641,3383],{"class":102},[20,55643,55644],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[52,55646,1891],{"id":1890},[20,55648,1894],{},[57,55650,55652],{"className":59,"code":55651,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55653,55654],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55655,55656,55659,55661,55664,55666,55668],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55657,55658],{"class":72},"new_list ",[66,55660,77],{"class":76},[66,55662,55663],{"class":72}," old_list",[66,55665,103],{"class":102},[66,55667,12674],{"class":106},[66,55669,8402],{"class":102},[20,55671,55672],{},"How it works:",[33,55674,55675,55681,55684],{},[36,55676,55677,55678,55680],{},"Call ",[15,55679,12539],{}," on an existing list",[36,55682,55683],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[36,55685,55686],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55688,55689],{},"Example with an empty list:",[57,55691,55693],{"className":59,"code":55692,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55694,55695,55704,55720,55724],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55696,55697,55700,55702],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55698,55699],{"class":72},"empty_list ",[66,55701,77],{"class":76},[66,55703,7595],{"class":102},[66,55705,55706,55709,55711,55714,55716,55718],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55707,55708],{"class":72},"new_empty_list ",[66,55710,77],{"class":76},[66,55712,55713],{"class":72}," empty_list",[66,55715,103],{"class":102},[66,55717,12674],{"class":106},[66,55719,8402],{"class":102},[66,55721,55722],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,55723,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55725,55726,55728,55730,55733],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,55727,138],{"class":137},[66,55729,110],{"class":102},[66,55731,55732],{"class":106},"new_empty_list",[66,55734,131],{"class":102},[20,55736,148],{},[57,55738,55739],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,55740,55741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55742,55743],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55744,38063],{"class":102},[20,55746,55747],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[52,55749,55751,55752],{"id":55750},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55753,77],{},[20,55755,8176,55756,13815,55758,52435],{},[15,55757,77],{},[398,55759,4383],{},[20,55761,55762],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[57,55764,55766],{"className":59,"code":55765,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55767,55768,55788,55797,55801,55816,55820,55830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55769,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55771,3365],{"class":72},[66,55773,77],{"class":76},[66,55775,3370],{"class":102},[66,55777,2729],{"class":478},[66,55779,121],{"class":102},[66,55781,561],{"class":478},[66,55783,121],{"class":102},[66,55785,2186],{"class":478},[66,55787,3383],{"class":102},[66,55789,55790,55793,55795],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55791,55792],{"class":72},"same_list ",[66,55794,77],{"class":76},[66,55796,43748],{"class":72},[66,55798,55799],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,55800,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55802,55803,55806,55808,55810,55812,55814],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,55804,55805],{"class":72},"same_list",[66,55807,103],{"class":102},[66,55809,13314],{"class":106},[66,55811,110],{"class":102},[66,55813,2241],{"class":478},[66,55815,131],{"class":102},[66,55817,55818],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,55819,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55821,55822,55824,55826,55828],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,55823,138],{"class":137},[66,55825,110],{"class":102},[66,55827,3397],{"class":106},[66,55829,131],{"class":102},[66,55831,55832,55834,55836,55838],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,55833,138],{"class":137},[66,55835,110],{"class":102},[66,55837,55805],{"class":106},[66,55839,131],{"class":102},[20,55841,148],{},[57,55843,55845],{"className":59,"code":55844,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55846,55847,55867],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55848,55849,55851,55853,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863,55865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55850,3652],{"class":102},[66,55852,2729],{"class":478},[66,55854,121],{"class":102},[66,55856,561],{"class":478},[66,55858,121],{"class":102},[66,55860,2186],{"class":478},[66,55862,121],{"class":102},[66,55864,2192],{"class":478},[66,55866,3383],{"class":102},[66,55868,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55870,3652],{"class":102},[66,55872,2729],{"class":478},[66,55874,121],{"class":102},[66,55876,561],{"class":478},[66,55878,121],{"class":102},[66,55880,2186],{"class":478},[66,55882,121],{"class":102},[66,55884,2192],{"class":478},[66,55886,3383],{"class":102},[20,55888,55889],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55891,55892,55893,1111],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55894,12539],{},[57,55896,55898],{"className":59,"code":55897,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55899,55900,55920,55935,55939,55954,55958,55968],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55901,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55903,3365],{"class":72},[66,55905,77],{"class":76},[66,55907,3370],{"class":102},[66,55909,2729],{"class":478},[66,55911,121],{"class":102},[66,55913,561],{"class":478},[66,55915,121],{"class":102},[66,55917,2186],{"class":478},[66,55919,3383],{"class":102},[66,55921,55922,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,55923,55924],{"class":72},"copied_numbers ",[66,55926,77],{"class":76},[66,55928,4016],{"class":72},[66,55930,103],{"class":102},[66,55932,12674],{"class":106},[66,55934,8402],{"class":102},[66,55936,55937],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,55938,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55940,55941,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,55942,55943],{"class":72},"copied_numbers",[66,55945,103],{"class":102},[66,55947,13314],{"class":106},[66,55949,110],{"class":102},[66,55951,2241],{"class":478},[66,55953,131],{"class":102},[66,55955,55956],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,55957,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,55959,55960,55962,55964,55966],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,55961,138],{"class":137},[66,55963,110],{"class":102},[66,55965,3397],{"class":106},[66,55967,131],{"class":102},[66,55969,55970,55972,55974,55976],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,55971,138],{"class":137},[66,55973,110],{"class":102},[66,55975,55943],{"class":106},[66,55977,131],{"class":102},[20,55979,148],{},[57,55981,55983],{"className":59,"code":55982,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55984,55985,56001],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55986,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,55999],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55988,3652],{"class":102},[66,55990,2729],{"class":478},[66,55992,121],{"class":102},[66,55994,561],{"class":478},[66,55996,121],{"class":102},[66,55998,2186],{"class":478},[66,56000,3383],{"class":102},[66,56002,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56004,3652],{"class":102},[66,56006,2729],{"class":478},[66,56008,121],{"class":102},[66,56010,561],{"class":478},[66,56012,121],{"class":102},[66,56014,2186],{"class":478},[66,56016,121],{"class":102},[66,56018,2192],{"class":478},[66,56020,3383],{"class":102},[20,56022,56023,56024,103],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[200,56025,52539],{"href":50746},[52,56027,56029],{"id":56028},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56031,56032,12610,56034,103],{},[15,56033,55369],{},[398,56035,12613],{},[20,56037,1839],{},[33,56039,56040,56043],{},[36,56041,56042],{},"The outer list is new",[36,56044,56045],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56047,56048],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[57,56050,56052],{"className":59,"code":56051,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56053,56054,56081,56095,56099,56118,56122,56132],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56055,56056,56058,56060,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56057,11848],{"class":72},[66,56059,77],{"class":76},[66,56061,56062],{"class":102}," [[",[66,56064,2729],{"class":478},[66,56066,121],{"class":102},[66,56068,561],{"class":478},[66,56070,17824],{"class":102},[66,56072,3370],{"class":102},[66,56074,1794],{"class":478},[66,56076,121],{"class":102},[66,56078,2192],{"class":478},[66,56080,53010],{"class":102},[66,56082,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56084,14073],{"class":72},[66,56086,77],{"class":76},[66,56088,11923],{"class":72},[66,56090,103],{"class":102},[66,56092,12674],{"class":106},[66,56094,8402],{"class":102},[66,56096,56097],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,56098,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56100,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113,56116],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,56102,14092],{"class":72},[66,56104,3652],{"class":102},[66,56106,1852],{"class":478},[66,56108,13311],{"class":102},[66,56110,13314],{"class":106},[66,56112,110],{"class":102},[66,56114,56115],{"class":478},"99",[66,56117,131],{"class":102},[66,56119,56120],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,56121,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56123,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,56125,138],{"class":137},[66,56127,110],{"class":102},[66,56129,11895],{"class":106},[66,56131,131],{"class":102},[66,56133,56134,56136,56138,56140],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,56135,138],{"class":137},[66,56137,110],{"class":102},[66,56139,14092],{"class":106},[66,56141,131],{"class":102},[20,56143,148],{},[57,56145,56147],{"className":59,"code":56146,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56148,56149,56176],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56150,56151,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56152,56153],{"class":102},"[[",[66,56155,2729],{"class":478},[66,56157,121],{"class":102},[66,56159,561],{"class":478},[66,56161,121],{"class":102},[66,56163,9959],{"class":478},[66,56165,17824],{"class":102},[66,56167,3370],{"class":102},[66,56169,1794],{"class":478},[66,56171,121],{"class":102},[66,56173,2192],{"class":478},[66,56175,53010],{"class":102},[66,56177,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56179,56153],{"class":102},[66,56181,2729],{"class":478},[66,56183,121],{"class":102},[66,56185,561],{"class":478},[66,56187,121],{"class":102},[66,56189,9959],{"class":478},[66,56191,17824],{"class":102},[66,56193,3370],{"class":102},[66,56195,1794],{"class":478},[66,56197,121],{"class":102},[66,56199,2192],{"class":478},[66,56201,53010],{"class":102},[20,56203,56204],{},"Why did both change?",[33,56206,56207,56214],{},[36,56208,56209,798,56211,56213],{},[15,56210,11895],{},[15,56212,14092],{}," are different outer lists",[36,56215,56216,56217,56220],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56218,56219],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56222,53421,56223,56225],{},[15,56224,12539],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[33,56227,56228,56231,56234],{},[36,56229,56230],{},"Numbers",[36,56232,56233],{},"Strings",[36,56235,40362],{},[20,56237,56238,56239,103],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[200,56240,13552],{"href":13551},[52,56242,17180],{"id":17179},[20,56244,56245,56247],{},[15,56246,55369],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56249,40673,56250,56252],{},[398,56251,4383],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56254,56255],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56257,16418],{},[57,56259,56261],{"className":59,"code":56260,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56262,56263,56287,56301,56305],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56264,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56266,12838],{"class":72},[66,56268,77],{"class":76},[66,56270,3370],{"class":102},[66,56272,113],{"class":80},[66,56274,1392],{"class":84},[66,56276,113],{"class":80},[66,56278,121],{"class":102},[66,56280,81],{"class":80},[66,56282,1401],{"class":84},[66,56284,113],{"class":80},[66,56286,3383],{"class":102},[66,56288,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56290,12879],{"class":72},[66,56292,77],{"class":76},[66,56294,12884],{"class":72},[66,56296,103],{"class":102},[66,56298,12674],{"class":106},[66,56300,8402],{"class":102},[66,56302,56303],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,56304,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56306,56307,56309,56311,56313],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,56308,138],{"class":137},[66,56310,110],{"class":102},[66,56312,12903],{"class":106},[66,56314,131],{"class":102},[20,56316,56317],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[57,56319,56321],{"className":59,"code":56320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56322,56323,56347,56357,56361],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56324,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56326,12838],{"class":72},[66,56328,77],{"class":76},[66,56330,3370],{"class":102},[66,56332,113],{"class":80},[66,56334,1392],{"class":84},[66,56336,113],{"class":80},[66,56338,121],{"class":102},[66,56340,81],{"class":80},[66,56342,1401],{"class":84},[66,56344,113],{"class":80},[66,56346,3383],{"class":102},[66,56348,56349,56351,56353,56355],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56350,17264],{"class":72},[66,56352,103],{"class":102},[66,56354,12674],{"class":106},[66,56356,8402],{"class":102},[66,56358,56359],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,56360,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56362,56363,56365,56367,56369],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,56364,138],{"class":137},[66,56366,110],{"class":102},[66,56368,17264],{"class":106},[66,56370,131],{"class":102},[20,56372,56373,56374,56376],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56375,12539],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[52,56378,4715,56380],{"id":56379},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56381,55369],{},[20,56383,160,56384,10364],{},[15,56385,55369],{},[33,56387,56388,56391,56394,56397],{},[36,56389,56390],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[36,56392,56393],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[36,56395,56396],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[36,56398,56399,56400],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56401,56402],{},"[:]",[20,56404,923],{},[57,56406,56408],{"className":59,"code":56407,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56409,56410,56430,56445,56449,56464,56468,56478],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56411,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56413,4818],{"class":72},[66,56415,77],{"class":76},[66,56417,3370],{"class":102},[66,56419,2064],{"class":478},[66,56421,121],{"class":102},[66,56423,7546],{"class":478},[66,56425,121],{"class":102},[66,56427,7551],{"class":478},[66,56429,3383],{"class":102},[66,56431,56432,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56433,56434],{"class":72},"backup_scores ",[66,56436,77],{"class":76},[66,56438,4865],{"class":72},[66,56440,103],{"class":102},[66,56442,12674],{"class":106},[66,56444,8402],{"class":102},[66,56446,56447],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,56448,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56450,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56462],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,56452,16151],{"class":72},[66,56454,103],{"class":102},[66,56456,13314],{"class":106},[66,56458,110],{"class":102},[66,56460,56461],{"class":478},"40",[66,56463,131],{"class":102},[66,56465,56466],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,56467,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56469,56470,56472,56474,56476],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,56471,138],{"class":137},[66,56473,110],{"class":102},[66,56475,16151],{"class":106},[66,56477,131],{"class":102},[66,56479,56480,56482,56484,56487],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,56481,138],{"class":137},[66,56483,110],{"class":102},[66,56485,56486],{"class":106},"backup_scores",[66,56488,131],{"class":102},[20,56490,148],{},[57,56492,56494],{"className":59,"code":56493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56495,56496,56516],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56499,3652],{"class":102},[66,56501,2064],{"class":478},[66,56503,121],{"class":102},[66,56505,7546],{"class":478},[66,56507,121],{"class":102},[66,56509,7551],{"class":478},[66,56511,121],{"class":102},[66,56513,50611],{"class":478},[66,56515,3383],{"class":102},[66,56517,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56519,3652],{"class":102},[66,56521,2064],{"class":478},[66,56523,121],{"class":102},[66,56525,7546],{"class":478},[66,56527,121],{"class":102},[66,56529,7551],{"class":478},[66,56531,3383],{"class":102},[20,56533,56534,56535,103],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[200,56536,55288,56538,774],{"href":56537},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56539,52420],{},[52,56541,1105],{"id":1104},[20,56543,56544,56545,103],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56546,55369],{},[258,56548,8176,56550,56552],{"id":56549},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56551,77],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56554,38965],{},[57,56556,56558],{"className":59,"code":56557,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56559,56560,56580,56588,56602,56606],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56561,56562,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56563,2291],{"class":72},[66,56565,77],{"class":76},[66,56567,3370],{"class":102},[66,56569,2729],{"class":478},[66,56571,121],{"class":102},[66,56573,561],{"class":478},[66,56575,121],{"class":102},[66,56577,2186],{"class":478},[66,56579,3383],{"class":102},[66,56581,56582,56584,56586],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56583,2319],{"class":72},[66,56585,77],{"class":76},[66,56587,35942],{"class":72},[66,56589,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,56591,4514],{"class":72},[66,56593,103],{"class":102},[66,56595,13314],{"class":106},[66,56597,110],{"class":102},[66,56599,2241],{"class":478},[66,56601,131],{"class":102},[66,56603,56604],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,56605,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56607,56608,56610,56612,56614,56616],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,56609,138],{"class":137},[66,56611,110],{"class":102},[66,56613,200],{"class":106},[66,56615,3410],{"class":102},[66,56617,55469],{"class":3413},[20,56619,56620,56621,6385],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56622,12539],{},[57,56624,56626],{"className":59,"code":56625,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56627,56628,56648,56663,56677,56681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56629,56630,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56631,2291],{"class":72},[66,56633,77],{"class":76},[66,56635,3370],{"class":102},[66,56637,2729],{"class":478},[66,56639,121],{"class":102},[66,56641,561],{"class":478},[66,56643,121],{"class":102},[66,56645,2186],{"class":478},[66,56647,3383],{"class":102},[66,56649,56650,56652,56654,56657,56659,56661],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56651,2319],{"class":72},[66,56653,77],{"class":76},[66,56655,56656],{"class":72}," a",[66,56658,103],{"class":102},[66,56660,12674],{"class":106},[66,56662,8402],{"class":102},[66,56664,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,56666,4514],{"class":72},[66,56668,103],{"class":102},[66,56670,13314],{"class":106},[66,56672,110],{"class":102},[66,56674,2241],{"class":478},[66,56676,131],{"class":102},[66,56678,56679],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,56680,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56682,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,56684,138],{"class":137},[66,56686,110],{"class":102},[66,56688,200],{"class":106},[66,56690,3410],{"class":102},[66,56692,54700],{"class":3413},[258,56694,56696],{"id":56695},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[57,56698,56700],{"className":59,"code":56699,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56701,56702,56722],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56703,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716,56718,56720],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56705,3365],{"class":72},[66,56707,77],{"class":76},[66,56709,3370],{"class":102},[66,56711,2729],{"class":478},[66,56713,121],{"class":102},[66,56715,561],{"class":478},[66,56717,121],{"class":102},[66,56719,2186],{"class":478},[66,56721,3383],{"class":102},[66,56723,56724,56726,56728,56730],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56725,3397],{"class":72},[66,56727,103],{"class":102},[66,56729,12674],{"class":106},[66,56731,8402],{"class":102},[20,56733,56734],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56736,39028],{},[57,56738,56740],{"className":59,"code":56739,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56741,56742,56762],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56743,56744,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754,56756,56758,56760],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56745,3365],{"class":72},[66,56747,77],{"class":76},[66,56749,3370],{"class":102},[66,56751,2729],{"class":478},[66,56753,121],{"class":102},[66,56755,561],{"class":478},[66,56757,121],{"class":102},[66,56759,2186],{"class":478},[66,56761,3383],{"class":102},[66,56763,56764,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56765,55924],{"class":72},[66,56767,77],{"class":76},[66,56769,4016],{"class":72},[66,56771,103],{"class":102},[66,56773,12674],{"class":106},[66,56775,8402],{"class":102},[258,56777,56779],{"id":56778},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[57,56781,56783],{"className":59,"code":56782,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56784,56785,56803,56817,56821,56839,56843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56786,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56788,2291],{"class":72},[66,56790,77],{"class":76},[66,56792,56062],{"class":102},[66,56794,2729],{"class":478},[66,56796,17824],{"class":102},[66,56798,3370],{"class":102},[66,56800,1788],{"class":478},[66,56802,53010],{"class":102},[66,56804,56805,56807,56809,56811,56813,56815],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56806,2319],{"class":72},[66,56808,77],{"class":76},[66,56810,56656],{"class":72},[66,56812,103],{"class":102},[66,56814,12674],{"class":106},[66,56816,8402],{"class":102},[66,56818,56819],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,56820,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56822,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,56824,4514],{"class":72},[66,56826,3652],{"class":102},[66,56828,1852],{"class":478},[66,56830,13311],{"class":102},[66,56832,13314],{"class":106},[66,56834,110],{"class":102},[66,56836,56115],{"class":478},[66,56838,131],{"class":102},[66,56840,56841],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,56842,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,56844,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,56846,138],{"class":137},[66,56848,110],{"class":102},[66,56850,200],{"class":106},[66,56852,3410],{"class":102},[66,56854,56855],{"class":3413},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56857,56858,56859,56861],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56860,55369],{}," is shallow.",[258,56863,25382,56865,56867],{"id":56864},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56866,12539],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56869,56870,56872],{},[15,56871,12539],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[57,56874,56876],{"className":59,"code":56875,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56877,56878,56890],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56879,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56881,7633],{"class":72},[66,56883,77],{"class":76},[66,56885,81],{"class":80},[66,56887,4758],{"class":84},[66,56889,88],{"class":80},[66,56891,56892],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,56893,56894],{"class":3413},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56896,56897],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[57,56899,56901],{"className":59,"code":56900,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56902,56903],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56904,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56906,138],{"class":137},[66,56908,110],{"class":102},[66,56910,2964],{"class":2641},[66,56912,110],{"class":102},[66,56914,7423],{"class":106},[66,56916,1330],{"class":102},[20,56918,56919,56920,56924],{},"You can also review ",[200,56921,56923],{"href":56922},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[52,56926,1518],{"id":1517},[258,56928,1522,56930,56932],{"id":56929},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56931,55369],{}," change the original list?",[20,56934,56935],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[258,56937,4934,56939,798,56941,2228],{"id":56938},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56940,55369],{},[15,56942,77],{},[20,56944,56945,56947,56948,56950],{},[15,56946,12539],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56949,77],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[258,56952,1610,56954,14667],{"id":56953},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56955,55369],{},[20,56957,56958],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[258,56960,56962],{"id":56961},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56964,41918,56965,56968],{},[15,56966,56967],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[258,56970,1610,56972,56974,56975,2228],{"id":56971},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56973,55369],{}," the same as ",[15,56976,56402],{},[20,56978,56979],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[52,56981,1620],{"id":1619},[33,56983,56984,56989,56993,56998,57004],{},[36,56985,56986],{},[200,56987,14726],{"href":56988},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,56990,56991],{},[200,56992,52539],{"href":50746},[36,56994,56995],{},[200,56996,56997],{"href":56922},"Creating a list in Python",[36,56999,57000],{},[200,57001,55288,57002,774],{"href":56537},[15,57003,52420],{},[36,57005,57006],{},[200,57007,13552],{"href":13551},[1651,57009,57010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":57012},[57013,57014,57016,57017,57019,57020,57021,57023,57031,57042],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":55479,"depth":91,"text":57015},"What list.copy() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":55750,"depth":91,"text":57018},"Why not use =",{"id":56028,"depth":91,"text":56029},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":56379,"depth":91,"text":57022},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":57024},[57025,57027,57028,57029],{"id":56549,"depth":134,"text":57026},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56695,"depth":134,"text":56696},{"id":56778,"depth":134,"text":56779},{"id":56864,"depth":134,"text":57030},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":57032},[57033,57035,57037,57039,57040],{"id":56929,"depth":134,"text":57034},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56938,"depth":134,"text":57036},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56953,"depth":134,"text":57038},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56961,"depth":134,"text":56962},{"id":56971,"depth":134,"text":57041},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55357,"description":57043},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57050,"title":57051,"body":57052,"description":58793,"extension":1694,"meta":58794,"navigation":338,"path":58795,"seo":58796,"stem":58797,"__hash__":58798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57053,"toc":58752},[57054,57060,57066,57069,57080,57083,57085,57148,57154,57159,57163,57177,57180,57185,57190,57192,57194,57213,57225,57227,57294,57296,57304,57309,57311,57319,57322,57339,57341,57465,57476,57480,57485,57488,57490,57508,57512,57598,57607,57615,57684,57686,57689,57701,57706,57710,57781,57784,57788,57792,57857,57859,57867,57871,57953,57955,57963,57967,58028,58030,58038,58042,58129,58131,58139,58144,58149,58152,58163,58165,58250,58255,58264,58266,58270,58274,58279,58341,58345,58353,58359,58368,58373,58422,58425,58446,58450,58512,58519,58524,58527,58614,58617,58628,58631,58651,58653,58659,58662,58666,58670,58676,58679,58685,58692,58700,58711,58713,58749],[10,57055,54110,57057,18],{"id":57056},"python-list-count-method",[15,57058,57059],{},"count()",[20,57061,57062,57065],{},[15,57063,57064],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57067,57068],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[33,57070,57071,57074,57077],{},[36,57072,57073],{},"count one specific item",[36,57075,57076],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[36,57078,57079],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57081,57082],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[52,57084,3355],{"id":3354},[57,57086,57088],{"className":59,"code":57087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57089,57090,57118,57136],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57091,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57093,3365],{"class":72},[66,57095,77],{"class":76},[66,57097,3370],{"class":102},[66,57099,2729],{"class":478},[66,57101,121],{"class":102},[66,57103,561],{"class":478},[66,57105,121],{"class":102},[66,57107,561],{"class":478},[66,57109,121],{"class":102},[66,57111,2186],{"class":478},[66,57113,121],{"class":102},[66,57115,561],{"class":478},[66,57117,3383],{"class":102},[66,57119,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57121,447],{"class":72},[66,57123,77],{"class":76},[66,57125,4016],{"class":72},[66,57127,103],{"class":102},[66,57129,195],{"class":106},[66,57131,110],{"class":102},[66,57133,1788],{"class":478},[66,57135,131],{"class":102},[66,57137,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,57139,138],{"class":137},[66,57141,110],{"class":102},[66,57143,494],{"class":106},[66,57145,3410],{"class":102},[66,57147,50538],{"class":3413},[20,57149,160,57150,57153],{},[15,57151,57152],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[52,57155,168,57157,41],{"id":57156},"what-listcount-does",[15,57158,57064],{},[20,57160,57161,1111],{},[15,57162,57064],{},[33,57164,57165,57168,57171,57174],{},[36,57166,57167],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[36,57169,57170],{},"returns an integer",[36,57172,57173],{},"does not change the original list",[36,57175,57176],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57178,57179],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57181,57182,57183,103],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57184,1794],{},[20,57186,57187,57188,103],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57189,1852],{},[52,57191,1891],{"id":1890},[20,57193,1894],{},[57,57195,57197],{"className":59,"code":57196,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57198,57199],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57200,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57202,8097],{"class":72},[66,57204,103],{"class":102},[66,57206,195],{"class":106},[66,57208,110],{"class":102},[66,57210,2208],{"class":106},[66,57212,131],{"class":102},[33,57214,57215,57220],{},[36,57216,57217,57219],{},[15,57218,8097],{}," is the list you want to search",[36,57221,57222,57224],{},[15,57223,2208],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57226,923],{},[57,57228,57230],{"className":59,"code":57229,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57231,57232,57272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57233,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57235,35857],{"class":72},[66,57237,77],{"class":76},[66,57239,3370],{"class":102},[66,57241,113],{"class":80},[66,57243,200],{"class":84},[66,57245,113],{"class":80},[66,57247,121],{"class":102},[66,57249,81],{"class":80},[66,57251,4514],{"class":84},[66,57253,113],{"class":80},[66,57255,121],{"class":102},[66,57257,81],{"class":80},[66,57259,200],{"class":84},[66,57261,113],{"class":80},[66,57263,121],{"class":102},[66,57265,81],{"class":80},[66,57267,9501],{"class":84},[66,57269,113],{"class":80},[66,57271,3383],{"class":102},[66,57273,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57275,138],{"class":137},[66,57277,110],{"class":102},[66,57279,35910],{"class":106},[66,57281,103],{"class":102},[66,57283,195],{"class":106},[66,57285,110],{"class":102},[66,57287,113],{"class":80},[66,57289,200],{"class":84},[66,57291,113],{"class":80},[66,57293,1330],{"class":102},[20,57295,148],{},[57,57297,57298],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,57299,57300],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57301,57302],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57303,16819],{"class":478},[20,57305,57306,57307,103],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57308,1852],{},[52,57310,37786],{"id":37785},[20,57312,57313,57314,57316,57317,103],{},"The return value from ",[15,57315,57059],{}," is always an ",[15,57318,1922],{},[20,57320,57321],{},"Possible results:",[33,57323,57324,57329,57334],{},[36,57325,57326,57328],{},[15,57327,1852],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[36,57330,57331,57333],{},[15,57332,2729],{}," if it appears once",[36,57335,57336,57338],{},[15,57337,1788],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57340,923],{},[57,57342,57344],{"className":59,"code":57343,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57345,57346,57386,57390,57415,57440],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57347,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57349,12838],{"class":72},[66,57351,77],{"class":76},[66,57353,3370],{"class":102},[66,57355,113],{"class":80},[66,57357,1392],{"class":84},[66,57359,113],{"class":80},[66,57361,121],{"class":102},[66,57363,81],{"class":80},[66,57365,1401],{"class":84},[66,57367,113],{"class":80},[66,57369,121],{"class":102},[66,57371,81],{"class":80},[66,57373,17217],{"class":84},[66,57375,113],{"class":80},[66,57377,121],{"class":102},[66,57379,81],{"class":80},[66,57381,1401],{"class":84},[66,57383,113],{"class":80},[66,57385,3383],{"class":102},[66,57387,57388],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57389,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,57391,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,57393,138],{"class":137},[66,57395,110],{"class":102},[66,57397,17264],{"class":106},[66,57399,103],{"class":102},[66,57401,195],{"class":106},[66,57403,110],{"class":102},[66,57405,113],{"class":80},[66,57407,1401],{"class":84},[66,57409,113],{"class":80},[66,57411,5117],{"class":102},[66,57413,57414],{"class":3413},"   # 2\n",[66,57416,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,57418,138],{"class":137},[66,57420,110],{"class":102},[66,57422,17264],{"class":106},[66,57424,103],{"class":102},[66,57426,195],{"class":106},[66,57428,110],{"class":102},[66,57430,113],{"class":80},[66,57432,1392],{"class":84},[66,57434,113],{"class":80},[66,57436,5117],{"class":102},[66,57438,57439],{"class":3413},"    # 1\n",[66,57441,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,57443,138],{"class":137},[66,57445,110],{"class":102},[66,57447,17264],{"class":106},[66,57449,103],{"class":102},[66,57451,195],{"class":106},[66,57453,110],{"class":102},[66,57455,113],{"class":80},[66,57457,22288],{"class":84},[66,57459,113],{"class":80},[66,57461,5117],{"class":102},[66,57463,57464],{"class":3413}," # 0\n",[20,57466,57467,57468,57470,57471,57473,57474,103],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57469,57059],{}," works, but using ",[15,57472,3634],{}," is often simpler. See ",[200,57475,5950],{"href":5949},[52,57477,57479],{"id":57478},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57481,57482,57484],{},[15,57483,57064],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57486,57487],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57489,43416],{},[33,57491,57492,57495,57498,57505],{},[36,57493,57494],{},"matches are based on equality",[36,57496,57497],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[36,57499,57500,798,57502,57504],{},[15,57501,2729],{},[15,57503,3350],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[36,57506,57507],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[258,57509,57511],{"id":57510},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[57,57513,57515],{"className":59,"code":57514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57516,57517,57550,57574],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57518,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533,57535,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57520,3823],{"class":72},[66,57522,77],{"class":76},[66,57524,3370],{"class":102},[66,57526,113],{"class":80},[66,57528,3832],{"class":84},[66,57530,113],{"class":80},[66,57532,121],{"class":102},[66,57534,81],{"class":80},[66,57536,57537],{"class":84},"Apple",[66,57539,113],{"class":80},[66,57541,121],{"class":102},[66,57543,81],{"class":80},[66,57545,3832],{"class":84},[66,57547,113],{"class":80},[66,57549,3383],{"class":102},[66,57551,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57553,138],{"class":137},[66,57555,110],{"class":102},[66,57557,3866],{"class":106},[66,57559,103],{"class":102},[66,57561,195],{"class":106},[66,57563,110],{"class":102},[66,57565,113],{"class":80},[66,57567,3832],{"class":84},[66,57569,113],{"class":80},[66,57571,5117],{"class":102},[66,57573,51182],{"class":3413},[66,57575,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,57577,138],{"class":137},[66,57579,110],{"class":102},[66,57581,3866],{"class":106},[66,57583,103],{"class":102},[66,57585,195],{"class":106},[66,57587,110],{"class":102},[66,57589,113],{"class":80},[66,57591,57537],{"class":84},[66,57593,113],{"class":80},[66,57595,5117],{"class":102},[66,57597,27545],{"class":3413},[20,57599,57600,798,57603,57606],{},[15,57601,57602],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57604,57605],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[258,57608,57610,798,57612,57614],{"id":57609},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57611,2729],{},[15,57613,3350],{}," can match",[57,57616,57618],{"className":59,"code":57617,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57619,57620,57644,57664],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57621,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57623,3573],{"class":72},[66,57625,77],{"class":76},[66,57627,3370],{"class":102},[66,57629,2729],{"class":478},[66,57631,121],{"class":102},[66,57633,3668],{"class":3602},[66,57635,121],{"class":102},[66,57637,561],{"class":478},[66,57639,121],{"class":102},[66,57641,479],{"class":478},[66,57643,3383],{"class":102},[66,57645,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57647,138],{"class":137},[66,57649,110],{"class":102},[66,57651,5114],{"class":106},[66,57653,103],{"class":102},[66,57655,195],{"class":106},[66,57657,110],{"class":102},[66,57659,2729],{"class":478},[66,57661,5117],{"class":102},[66,57663,50686],{"class":3413},[66,57665,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,57667,138],{"class":137},[66,57669,110],{"class":102},[66,57671,5114],{"class":106},[66,57673,103],{"class":102},[66,57675,195],{"class":106},[66,57677,110],{"class":102},[66,57679,3350],{"class":3602},[66,57681,5117],{"class":102},[66,57683,50538],{"class":3413},[20,57685,4163],{},[20,57687,57688],{},"In Python:",[33,57690,57691,57696],{},[36,57692,57693],{},[15,57694,57695],{},"True == 1",[36,57697,57698],{},[15,57699,57700],{},"False == 0",[20,57702,53421,57703,57705],{},[15,57704,57059],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[258,57707,57709],{"id":57708},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[57,57711,57713],{"className":59,"code":57712,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57714,57715,57757],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57716,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57718,7535],{"class":72},[66,57720,77],{"class":76},[66,57722,56062],{"class":102},[66,57724,2729],{"class":478},[66,57726,121],{"class":102},[66,57728,561],{"class":478},[66,57730,17824],{"class":102},[66,57732,3370],{"class":102},[66,57734,1794],{"class":478},[66,57736,121],{"class":102},[66,57738,2192],{"class":478},[66,57740,17824],{"class":102},[66,57742,3370],{"class":102},[66,57744,2729],{"class":478},[66,57746,121],{"class":102},[66,57748,561],{"class":478},[66,57750,17824],{"class":102},[66,57752,3370],{"class":102},[66,57754,2729],{"class":478},[66,57756,53010],{"class":102},[66,57758,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57760,138],{"class":137},[66,57762,110],{"class":102},[66,57764,7566],{"class":106},[66,57766,103],{"class":102},[66,57768,195],{"class":106},[66,57770,2726],{"class":102},[66,57772,2729],{"class":478},[66,57774,121],{"class":102},[66,57776,561],{"class":478},[66,57778,4488],{"class":102},[66,57780,51182],{"class":3413},[20,57782,57783],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[52,57785,57787],{"id":57786},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[258,57789,57791],{"id":57790},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[57,57793,57795],{"className":59,"code":57794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57796,57797,57825,57843,57847],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57798,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57800,3365],{"class":72},[66,57802,77],{"class":76},[66,57804,3370],{"class":102},[66,57806,2064],{"class":478},[66,57808,121],{"class":102},[66,57810,7546],{"class":478},[66,57812,121],{"class":102},[66,57814,5757],{"class":478},[66,57816,121],{"class":102},[66,57818,7551],{"class":478},[66,57820,121],{"class":102},[66,57822,5757],{"class":478},[66,57824,3383],{"class":102},[66,57826,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57828,447],{"class":72},[66,57830,77],{"class":76},[66,57832,4016],{"class":72},[66,57834,103],{"class":102},[66,57836,195],{"class":106},[66,57838,110],{"class":102},[66,57840,2064],{"class":478},[66,57842,131],{"class":102},[66,57844,57845],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,57846,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,57848,57849,57851,57853,57855],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,57850,138],{"class":137},[66,57852,110],{"class":102},[66,57854,494],{"class":106},[66,57856,131],{"class":102},[20,57858,148],{},[57,57860,57861],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,57862,57863],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57864,57865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57866,46384],{"class":478},[258,57868,57870],{"id":57869},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[57,57872,57874],{"className":59,"code":57873,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57875,57876,57917,57939,57943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57877,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57913,57915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57879,3823],{"class":72},[66,57881,77],{"class":76},[66,57883,3370],{"class":102},[66,57885,113],{"class":80},[66,57887,462],{"class":84},[66,57889,113],{"class":80},[66,57891,121],{"class":102},[66,57893,81],{"class":80},[66,57895,471],{"class":84},[66,57897,113],{"class":80},[66,57899,121],{"class":102},[66,57901,81],{"class":80},[66,57903,462],{"class":84},[66,57905,113],{"class":80},[66,57907,121],{"class":102},[66,57909,81],{"class":80},[66,57911,57912],{"class":84},"bird",[66,57914,113],{"class":80},[66,57916,3383],{"class":102},[66,57918,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57920,447],{"class":72},[66,57922,77],{"class":76},[66,57924,5920],{"class":72},[66,57926,103],{"class":102},[66,57928,195],{"class":106},[66,57930,110],{"class":102},[66,57932,113],{"class":80},[66,57934,462],{"class":84},[66,57936,113],{"class":80},[66,57938,131],{"class":102},[66,57940,57941],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,57942,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,57944,57945,57947,57949,57951],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,57946,138],{"class":137},[66,57948,110],{"class":102},[66,57950,494],{"class":106},[66,57952,131],{"class":102},[20,57954,148],{},[57,57956,57957],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,57958,57959],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57960,57961],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57962,16819],{"class":478},[258,57964,57966],{"id":57965},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[57,57968,57970],{"className":59,"code":57969,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57971,57972,57996,58014,58018],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57973,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57975,3365],{"class":72},[66,57977,77],{"class":76},[66,57979,3370],{"class":102},[66,57981,2729],{"class":478},[66,57983,121],{"class":102},[66,57985,561],{"class":478},[66,57987,121],{"class":102},[66,57989,2186],{"class":478},[66,57991,121],{"class":102},[66,57993,2192],{"class":478},[66,57995,3383],{"class":102},[66,57997,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,57999,447],{"class":72},[66,58001,77],{"class":76},[66,58003,4016],{"class":72},[66,58005,103],{"class":102},[66,58007,195],{"class":106},[66,58009,110],{"class":102},[66,58011,1869],{"class":478},[66,58013,131],{"class":102},[66,58015,58016],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,58017,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,58019,58020,58022,58024,58026],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,58021,138],{"class":137},[66,58023,110],{"class":102},[66,58025,494],{"class":106},[66,58027,131],{"class":102},[20,58029,148],{},[57,58031,58032],{"className":59,"code":47019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,58033,58034],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58035,58036],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58037,47019],{"class":478},[258,58039,58041],{"id":58040},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[57,58043,58045],{"className":59,"code":58044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58046,58047,58093,58115,58119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58048,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58050,8926],{"class":72},[66,58052,77],{"class":76},[66,58054,56062],{"class":102},[66,58056,2729],{"class":478},[66,58058,121],{"class":102},[66,58060,561],{"class":478},[66,58062,17824],{"class":102},[66,58064,3370],{"class":102},[66,58066,2729],{"class":478},[66,58068,121],{"class":102},[66,58070,561],{"class":478},[66,58072,17824],{"class":102},[66,58074,3370],{"class":102},[66,58076,1788],{"class":478},[66,58078,121],{"class":102},[66,58080,2186],{"class":478},[66,58082,17824],{"class":102},[66,58084,3370],{"class":102},[66,58086,2729],{"class":478},[66,58088,121],{"class":102},[66,58090,561],{"class":478},[66,58092,53010],{"class":102},[66,58094,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58096,447],{"class":72},[66,58098,77],{"class":76},[66,58100,14328],{"class":72},[66,58102,103],{"class":102},[66,58104,195],{"class":106},[66,58106,2726],{"class":102},[66,58108,2729],{"class":478},[66,58110,121],{"class":102},[66,58112,561],{"class":478},[66,58114,3640],{"class":102},[66,58116,58117],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,58118,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,58120,58121,58123,58125,58127],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,58122,138],{"class":137},[66,58124,110],{"class":102},[66,58126,494],{"class":106},[66,58128,131],{"class":102},[20,58130,148],{},[57,58132,58133],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,58134,58135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58136,58137],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58138,46384],{"class":478},[52,58140,4715,58142],{"id":58141},"when-to-use-count",[15,58143,57059],{},[20,58145,160,58146,58148],{},[15,58147,57059],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58150,58151],{},"Good use cases:",[33,58153,58154,58157,58160],{},[36,58155,58156],{},"counting one specific item",[36,58158,58159],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[36,58161,58162],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58164,923],{},[57,58166,58168],{"className":59,"code":58167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58169,58170,58211,58235,58239],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58171,58172,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58173,58174],{"class":72},"votes ",[66,58176,77],{"class":76},[66,58178,3370],{"class":102},[66,58180,113],{"class":80},[66,58182,8417],{"class":84},[66,58184,113],{"class":80},[66,58186,121],{"class":102},[66,58188,81],{"class":80},[66,58190,8356],{"class":84},[66,58192,113],{"class":80},[66,58194,121],{"class":102},[66,58196,81],{"class":80},[66,58198,8417],{"class":84},[66,58200,113],{"class":80},[66,58202,121],{"class":102},[66,58204,81],{"class":80},[66,58206,8417],{"class":84},[66,58208,113],{"class":80},[66,58210,3383],{"class":102},[66,58212,58213,58216,58218,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58214,58215],{"class":72},"yes_votes ",[66,58217,77],{"class":76},[66,58219,58220],{"class":72}," votes",[66,58222,103],{"class":102},[66,58224,195],{"class":106},[66,58226,110],{"class":102},[66,58228,113],{"class":80},[66,58230,8417],{"class":84},[66,58232,113],{"class":80},[66,58234,131],{"class":102},[66,58236,58237],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,58238,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,58240,58241,58243,58245,58248],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,58242,138],{"class":137},[66,58244,110],{"class":102},[66,58246,58247],{"class":106},"yes_votes",[66,58249,131],{"class":102},[20,58251,58252,58254],{},[15,58253,57059],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58256,58257,58258,798,58260,103],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[200,58259,52539],{"href":50746},[200,58261,58263],{"href":58262},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[52,58265,2568],{"id":2567},[20,58267,8206,58268,103],{},[15,58269,57064],{},[258,58271,58273],{"id":58272},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58275,58276,58278],{},[15,58277,57064],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[57,58280,58282],{"className":59,"code":58281,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58283,58284,58317],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58285,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58287,3823],{"class":72},[66,58289,77],{"class":76},[66,58291,3370],{"class":102},[66,58293,113],{"class":80},[66,58295,58296],{"class":84},"apple pie",[66,58298,113],{"class":80},[66,58300,121],{"class":102},[66,58302,81],{"class":80},[66,58304,627],{"class":84},[66,58306,113],{"class":80},[66,58308,121],{"class":102},[66,58310,81],{"class":80},[66,58312,58296],{"class":84},[66,58314,113],{"class":80},[66,58316,3383],{"class":102},[66,58318,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58320,138],{"class":137},[66,58322,110],{"class":102},[66,58324,3866],{"class":106},[66,58326,103],{"class":102},[66,58328,195],{"class":106},[66,58330,110],{"class":102},[66,58332,113],{"class":80},[66,58334,3832],{"class":84},[66,58336,113],{"class":80},[66,58338,5117],{"class":102},[66,58340,51014],{"class":3413},[20,58342,2224,58343,2228],{},[15,58344,1852],{},[20,58346,28827,58347,58349,58350,103],{},[15,58348,57602],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58351,58352],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58354,58355,58356,103],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58357,58358],{},"str.count()",[258,58360,1119,58362,8214,58364,2617,58366],{"id":58361},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58363,57059],{},[15,58365,3350],{},[15,58367,3424],{},[20,58369,58370,58372],{},[15,58371,57059],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[57,58374,58376],{"className":59,"code":58375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58377,58378,58402],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58379,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58381,3365],{"class":72},[66,58383,77],{"class":76},[66,58385,3370],{"class":102},[66,58387,2729],{"class":478},[66,58389,121],{"class":102},[66,58391,561],{"class":478},[66,58393,121],{"class":102},[66,58395,561],{"class":478},[66,58397,121],{"class":102},[66,58399,2186],{"class":478},[66,58401,3383],{"class":102},[66,58403,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58405,138],{"class":137},[66,58407,110],{"class":102},[66,58409,3397],{"class":106},[66,58411,103],{"class":102},[66,58413,195],{"class":106},[66,58415,110],{"class":102},[66,58417,1788],{"class":478},[66,58419,5117],{"class":102},[66,58421,51182],{"class":3413},[20,58423,58424],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[57,58426,58428],{"className":59,"code":58427,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58429,58430],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58431,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58433,138],{"class":137},[66,58435,110],{"class":102},[66,58437,1788],{"class":478},[66,58439,20937],{"class":3627},[66,58441,4016],{"class":106},[66,58443,3410],{"class":102},[66,58445,3414],{"class":3413},[258,58447,58449],{"id":58448},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[57,58451,58453],{"className":59,"code":58452,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58454,58455,58488],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58456,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58484,58486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58458,4749],{"class":72},[66,58460,77],{"class":76},[66,58462,3370],{"class":102},[66,58464,113],{"class":80},[66,58466,7432],{"class":84},[66,58468,113],{"class":80},[66,58470,121],{"class":102},[66,58472,81],{"class":80},[66,58474,19981],{"class":84},[66,58476,113],{"class":80},[66,58478,121],{"class":102},[66,58480,81],{"class":80},[66,58482,58483],{"class":84},"SAM",[66,58485,113],{"class":80},[66,58487,3383],{"class":102},[66,58489,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58491,138],{"class":137},[66,58493,110],{"class":102},[66,58495,4793],{"class":106},[66,58497,103],{"class":102},[66,58499,195],{"class":106},[66,58501,110],{"class":102},[66,58503,113],{"class":80},[66,58505,19981],{"class":84},[66,58507,113],{"class":80},[66,58509,5117],{"class":102},[66,58511,27545],{"class":3413},[20,58513,58514,58515,58518],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58516,58517],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[258,58520,29416,58522,33317],{"id":58521},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58523,57059],{},[20,58525,58526],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[57,58528,58530],{"className":59,"code":58529,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58531,58532,58542,58556,58574,58588,58600],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58533,58534,58536,58538,58540],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58535,138],{"class":137},[66,58537,110],{"class":102},[66,58539,8097],{"class":106},[66,58541,131],{"class":102},[66,58543,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58545,138],{"class":137},[66,58547,110],{"class":102},[66,58549,2964],{"class":2641},[66,58551,110],{"class":102},[66,58553,8097],{"class":106},[66,58555,1330],{"class":102},[66,58557,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,58559,138],{"class":137},[66,58561,110],{"class":102},[66,58563,8097],{"class":106},[66,58565,103],{"class":102},[66,58567,195],{"class":106},[66,58569,110],{"class":102},[66,58571,2208],{"class":106},[66,58573,1330],{"class":102},[66,58575,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,58577,138],{"class":137},[66,58579,110],{"class":102},[66,58581,2181],{"class":106},[66,58583,3634],{"class":3627},[66,58585,8154],{"class":106},[66,58587,131],{"class":102},[66,58589,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,58591,5710],{"class":3627},[66,58593,5713],{"class":72},[66,58595,3634],{"class":3627},[66,58597,8154],{"class":72},[66,58599,6146],{"class":102},[66,58601,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,58603,7826],{"class":137},[66,58605,110],{"class":102},[66,58607,41545],{"class":137},[66,58609,110],{"class":102},[66,58611,23075],{"class":106},[66,58613,1330],{"class":102},[20,58615,58616],{},"These checks can help you see:",[33,58618,58619,58622,58625],{},[36,58620,58621],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[36,58623,58624],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[36,58626,58627],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58629,58630],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[33,58632,58633,58638,58641,58648],{},[36,58634,50259,58635,58637],{},[15,58636,57059],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[36,58639,58640],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[36,58642,10869,58643,58645,58646],{},[15,58644,57064],{}," with string ",[15,58647,57059],{},[36,58649,58650],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[52,58652,1518],{"id":1517},[258,58654,1522,58656,58658],{"id":58655},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58657,57064],{}," change the list?",[20,58660,58661],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[258,58663,58665],{"id":58664},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58667,11673,58668,103],{},[15,58669,1852],{},[258,58671,1573,58673,58675],{"id":58672},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58674,57064],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58677,58678],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[258,58680,1610,58682,58684],{"id":58681},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58683,57064],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58686,41918,58687,798,58689,58691],{},[15,58688,57605],{},[15,58690,57602],{}," are different values.",[258,58693,4913,58695,58697,58698,2228],{"id":58694},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58696,3350],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58699,2729],{},[20,58701,8545,58702,58704,58705,798,58707,58704,58709,103],{},[15,58703,3350],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58706,2729],{},[15,58708,3424],{},[15,58710,1852],{},[52,58712,1620],{"id":1619},[33,58714,58715,58719,58725,58729,58737,58744],{},[36,58716,58717],{},[200,58718,52539],{"href":50746},[36,58720,58721],{},[200,58722,58724],{"href":58723},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[36,58726,58727],{},[200,58728,6690],{"href":5949},[36,58730,58731],{},[200,58732,55288,58734,774],{"href":58733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58735,58736],{},"index()",[36,58738,58739],{},[200,58740,3321,58742],{"href":58741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58743,42127],{},[36,58745,58746],{},[200,58747,58748],{"href":58262},"What is a list in Python",[1651,58750,58751],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":58753},[58754,58755,58757,58758,58759,58765,58771,58773,58781,58792],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":57156,"depth":91,"text":58756},"What list.count() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":37785,"depth":91,"text":37786},{"id":57478,"depth":91,"text":57479,"children":58760},[58761,58762,58764],{"id":57510,"depth":134,"text":57511},{"id":57609,"depth":134,"text":58763},"1 and True can match",{"id":57708,"depth":134,"text":57709},{"id":57786,"depth":91,"text":57787,"children":58766},[58767,58768,58769,58770],{"id":57790,"depth":134,"text":57791},{"id":57869,"depth":134,"text":57870},{"id":57965,"depth":134,"text":57966},{"id":58040,"depth":134,"text":58041},{"id":58141,"depth":91,"text":58772},"When to use count()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":58774},[58775,58776,58778,58779],{"id":58272,"depth":134,"text":58273},{"id":58361,"depth":134,"text":58777},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58448,"depth":134,"text":58449},{"id":58521,"depth":134,"text":58780},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":58782},[58783,58785,58786,58788,58790],{"id":58655,"depth":134,"text":58784},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58664,"depth":134,"text":58665},{"id":58672,"depth":134,"text":58787},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58681,"depth":134,"text":58789},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58694,"depth":134,"text":58791},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57051,"description":58793},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58800,"title":58801,"body":58802,"description":60761,"extension":1694,"meta":60762,"navigation":338,"path":60763,"seo":60764,"stem":60765,"__hash__":60766},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58803,"toc":60724},[58804,58807,58810,58812,58940,58944,59025,59036,59038,59057,59061,59064,59067,59085,59087,59130,59134,59159,59168,59172,59177,59180,59297,59301,59370,59374,59386,59390,59393,59434,59438,59451,59454,59539,59543,59576,59583,59589,59594,59596,59608,59612,59645,59649,59681,59685,59722,59726,59746,59750,59784,59788,59817,59828,59832,59835,59838,59851,59908,59912,59951,59957,59960,59962,59965,59969,59972,59997,59999,60024,60031,60034,60079,60083,60102,60105,60144,60151,60156,60189,60193,60293,60299,60332,60336,60361,60365,60368,60406,60409,60446,60450,60453,60472,60476,60537,60539,60557,60561,60564,60567,60596,60598,60602,60605,60613,60617,60620,60640,60646,60652,60656,60659,60666,60674,60676,60715,60721],[10,58805,58801],{"id":58806},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58808,58809],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[52,58811,3355],{"id":3354},[57,58813,58815],{"className":59,"code":58814,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58816,58817,58837,58869,58877,58895,58899,58909,58919,58930],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58818,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58820,3365],{"class":72},[66,58822,77],{"class":76},[66,58824,3370],{"class":102},[66,58826,2729],{"class":478},[66,58828,121],{"class":102},[66,58830,561],{"class":478},[66,58832,121],{"class":102},[66,58834,2186],{"class":478},[66,58836,3383],{"class":102},[66,58838,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58840,4749],{"class":72},[66,58842,77],{"class":76},[66,58844,3370],{"class":102},[66,58846,113],{"class":80},[66,58848,12643],{"class":84},[66,58850,113],{"class":80},[66,58852,121],{"class":102},[66,58854,81],{"class":80},[66,58856,35707],{"class":84},[66,58858,113],{"class":80},[66,58860,121],{"class":102},[66,58862,81],{"class":80},[66,58864,35716],{"class":84},[66,58866,113],{"class":80},[66,58868,3383],{"class":102},[66,58870,58871,58873,58875],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,58872,55699],{"class":72},[66,58874,77],{"class":76},[66,58876,7595],{"class":102},[66,58878,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,58880,35857],{"class":72},[66,58882,77],{"class":76},[66,58884,22324],{"class":2641},[66,58886,110],{"class":102},[66,58888,113],{"class":80},[66,58890,41327],{"class":84},[66,58892,113],{"class":80},[66,58894,131],{"class":102},[66,58896,58897],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,58898,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,58900,58901,58903,58905,58907],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,58902,138],{"class":137},[66,58904,110],{"class":102},[66,58906,3397],{"class":106},[66,58908,131],{"class":102},[66,58910,58911,58913,58915,58917],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,58912,138],{"class":137},[66,58914,110],{"class":102},[66,58916,4793],{"class":106},[66,58918,131],{"class":102},[66,58920,58921,58923,58925,58928],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,58922,138],{"class":137},[66,58924,110],{"class":102},[66,58926,58927],{"class":106},"empty_list",[66,58929,131],{"class":102},[66,58931,58932,58934,58936,58938],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,58933,138],{"class":137},[66,58935,110],{"class":102},[66,58937,35910],{"class":106},[66,58939,131],{"class":102},[20,58941,58942],{},[398,58943,148],{},[57,58945,58947],{"className":59,"code":58946,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58948,58949,58965,58993,58997],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58950,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58952,3652],{"class":102},[66,58954,2729],{"class":478},[66,58956,121],{"class":102},[66,58958,561],{"class":478},[66,58960,121],{"class":102},[66,58962,2186],{"class":478},[66,58964,3383],{"class":102},[66,58966,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,58968,3652],{"class":102},[66,58970,3044],{"class":80},[66,58972,12643],{"class":84},[66,58974,3044],{"class":80},[66,58976,121],{"class":102},[66,58978,3039],{"class":80},[66,58980,35707],{"class":84},[66,58982,3044],{"class":80},[66,58984,121],{"class":102},[66,58986,3039],{"class":80},[66,58988,35716],{"class":84},[66,58990,3044],{"class":80},[66,58992,3383],{"class":102},[66,58994,58995],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,58996,38063],{"class":102},[66,58998,58999,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,59000,3652],{"class":102},[66,59002,3044],{"class":80},[66,59004,200],{"class":84},[66,59006,3044],{"class":80},[66,59008,121],{"class":102},[66,59010,3039],{"class":80},[66,59012,4514],{"class":84},[66,59014,3044],{"class":80},[66,59016,121],{"class":102},[66,59018,3039],{"class":80},[66,59020,9501],{"class":84},[66,59022,3044],{"class":80},[66,59024,3383],{"class":102},[20,59026,59027,59028,59030,59031,59033,59034,103],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59029,3537],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59032,24546],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59035,35965],{},[52,59037,14924],{"id":14923},[33,59039,59040,59043,59046,59049,59054],{},[36,59041,59042],{},"What a list is in Python",[36,59044,59045],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[36,59047,59048],{},"How to create an empty list",[36,59050,59051,59052,2036],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59053,24546],{},[36,59055,59056],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[52,59058,59060],{"id":59059},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59062,59063],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59065,59066],{},"This means:",[33,59068,59069,59072,59075,59078],{},[36,59070,59071],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[36,59073,59074],{},"The order of items is kept",[36,59076,59077],{},"A list can hold different data types",[36,59079,59080,59081,59084],{},"A list is ",[398,59082,59083],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59086,923],{},[57,59088,59090],{"className":59,"code":59089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59091,59092,59116,59120],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59093,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59095,7535],{"class":72},[66,59097,77],{"class":76},[66,59099,3370],{"class":102},[66,59101,113],{"class":80},[66,59103,3832],{"class":84},[66,59105,113],{"class":80},[66,59107,121],{"class":102},[66,59109,5757],{"class":478},[66,59111,121],{"class":102},[66,59113,3668],{"class":3602},[66,59115,3383],{"class":102},[66,59117,59118],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59119,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,59121,59122,59124,59126,59128],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,59123,138],{"class":137},[66,59125,110],{"class":102},[66,59127,7566],{"class":106},[66,59129,131],{"class":102},[20,59131,59132],{},[398,59133,148],{},[57,59135,59137],{"className":59,"code":59136,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59138,59139],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59140,59141,59143,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59142,3652],{"class":102},[66,59144,3044],{"class":80},[66,59146,3832],{"class":84},[66,59148,3044],{"class":80},[66,59150,121],{"class":102},[66,59152,5757],{"class":478},[66,59154,121],{"class":102},[66,59156,3668],{"class":3602},[66,59158,3383],{"class":102},[20,59160,59161,59162,2617,59165,103],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[200,59163,59164],{"href":50746},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[200,59166,59167],{"href":58262},"What is a List in Python?",[52,59169,59171],{"id":59170},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59173,59027,59174,59176],{},[15,59175,3537],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59178,59179],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[57,59181,59183],{"className":59,"code":59182,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59184,59185,59205,59237,59262,59266,59276,59286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59186,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59188,3365],{"class":72},[66,59190,77],{"class":76},[66,59192,3370],{"class":102},[66,59194,2729],{"class":478},[66,59196,121],{"class":102},[66,59198,561],{"class":478},[66,59200,121],{"class":102},[66,59202,2186],{"class":478},[66,59204,3383],{"class":102},[66,59206,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59208,4749],{"class":72},[66,59210,77],{"class":76},[66,59212,3370],{"class":102},[66,59214,113],{"class":80},[66,59216,12643],{"class":84},[66,59218,113],{"class":80},[66,59220,121],{"class":102},[66,59222,81],{"class":80},[66,59224,35707],{"class":84},[66,59226,113],{"class":80},[66,59228,121],{"class":102},[66,59230,81],{"class":80},[66,59232,35716],{"class":84},[66,59234,113],{"class":80},[66,59236,3383],{"class":102},[66,59238,59239,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,59240,59241],{"class":72},"mixed ",[66,59243,77],{"class":76},[66,59245,3370],{"class":102},[66,59247,2064],{"class":478},[66,59249,121],{"class":102},[66,59251,81],{"class":80},[66,59253,939],{"class":84},[66,59255,113],{"class":80},[66,59257,121],{"class":102},[66,59259,3659],{"class":3602},[66,59261,3383],{"class":102},[66,59263,59264],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,59265,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,59267,59268,59270,59272,59274],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,59269,138],{"class":137},[66,59271,110],{"class":102},[66,59273,3397],{"class":106},[66,59275,131],{"class":102},[66,59277,59278,59280,59282,59284],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,59279,138],{"class":137},[66,59281,110],{"class":102},[66,59283,4793],{"class":106},[66,59285,131],{"class":102},[66,59287,59288,59290,59292,59295],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,59289,138],{"class":137},[66,59291,110],{"class":102},[66,59293,59294],{"class":106},"mixed",[66,59296,131],{"class":102},[20,59298,59299],{},[398,59300,148],{},[57,59302,59304],{"className":59,"code":59303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59305,59306,59322,59350],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59307,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59309,3652],{"class":102},[66,59311,2729],{"class":478},[66,59313,121],{"class":102},[66,59315,561],{"class":478},[66,59317,121],{"class":102},[66,59319,2186],{"class":478},[66,59321,3383],{"class":102},[66,59323,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59325,3652],{"class":102},[66,59327,3044],{"class":80},[66,59329,12643],{"class":84},[66,59331,3044],{"class":80},[66,59333,121],{"class":102},[66,59335,3039],{"class":80},[66,59337,35707],{"class":84},[66,59339,3044],{"class":80},[66,59341,121],{"class":102},[66,59343,3039],{"class":80},[66,59345,35716],{"class":84},[66,59347,3044],{"class":80},[66,59349,3383],{"class":102},[66,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,59353,3652],{"class":102},[66,59355,2064],{"class":478},[66,59357,121],{"class":102},[66,59359,3039],{"class":80},[66,59361,939],{"class":84},[66,59363,3044],{"class":80},[66,59365,121],{"class":102},[66,59367,3659],{"class":3602},[66,59369,3383],{"class":102},[258,59371,59373],{"id":59372},"key-points","Key points",[33,59375,59376,59381,59383],{},[36,59377,160,59378,59380],{},[15,59379,3537],{}," to make a new list",[36,59382,15194],{},[36,59384,59385],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[52,59387,59389],{"id":59388},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59391,59392],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[57,59394,59396],{"className":59,"code":59395,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59397,59398,59406,59410,59420],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59399,59400,59402,59404],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59401,8066],{"class":72},[66,59403,77],{"class":76},[66,59405,7595],{"class":102},[66,59407,59408],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59409,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,59411,59412,59414,59416,59418],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,59413,138],{"class":137},[66,59415,110],{"class":102},[66,59417,8097],{"class":106},[66,59419,131],{"class":102},[66,59421,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,59423,138],{"class":137},[66,59425,110],{"class":102},[66,59427,10924],{"class":137},[66,59429,110],{"class":102},[66,59431,8097],{"class":106},[66,59433,1330],{"class":102},[20,59435,59436],{},[398,59437,148],{},[57,59439,59441],{"className":59,"code":59440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[]\n0\n",[15,59442,59443,59447],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59444,59445],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59446,38063],{"class":102},[66,59448,59449],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59450,47019],{"class":478},[20,59452,59453],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[57,59455,59457],{"className":59,"code":59456,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59458,59459,59467,59471,59489,59507,59525,59529],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59460,59461,59463,59465],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59462,4749],{"class":72},[66,59464,77],{"class":76},[66,59466,7595],{"class":102},[66,59468,59469],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59470,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,59472,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,59474,4793],{"class":72},[66,59476,103],{"class":102},[66,59478,13314],{"class":106},[66,59480,110],{"class":102},[66,59482,113],{"class":80},[66,59484,12643],{"class":84},[66,59486,113],{"class":80},[66,59488,131],{"class":102},[66,59490,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,59492,4793],{"class":72},[66,59494,103],{"class":102},[66,59496,13314],{"class":106},[66,59498,110],{"class":102},[66,59500,113],{"class":80},[66,59502,35707],{"class":84},[66,59504,113],{"class":80},[66,59506,131],{"class":102},[66,59508,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,59510,4793],{"class":72},[66,59512,103],{"class":102},[66,59514,13314],{"class":106},[66,59516,110],{"class":102},[66,59518,113],{"class":80},[66,59520,35716],{"class":84},[66,59522,113],{"class":80},[66,59524,131],{"class":102},[66,59526,59527],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,59528,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,59530,59531,59533,59535,59537],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,59532,138],{"class":137},[66,59534,110],{"class":102},[66,59536,4793],{"class":106},[66,59538,131],{"class":102},[20,59540,59541],{},[398,59542,148],{},[57,59544,59546],{"className":59,"code":59545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59547,59548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59549,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59551,3652],{"class":102},[66,59553,3044],{"class":80},[66,59555,12643],{"class":84},[66,59557,3044],{"class":80},[66,59559,121],{"class":102},[66,59561,3039],{"class":80},[66,59563,35707],{"class":84},[66,59565,3044],{"class":80},[66,59567,121],{"class":102},[66,59569,3039],{"class":80},[66,59571,35716],{"class":84},[66,59573,3044],{"class":80},[66,59575,3383],{"class":102},[20,59577,59578,59579,103],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[200,59580,59581,774],{"href":56537},[15,59582,52420],{},[52,59584,59586,59587],{"id":59585},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59588,24546],{},[20,59590,160,59591,59593],{},[15,59592,24546],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59595,5211],{},[33,59597,59598,59600,59602,59604],{},[36,59599,5064],{},[36,59601,5058],{},[36,59603,5061],{},[36,59605,59606],{},[15,59607,35965],{},[258,59609,59611],{"id":59610},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[57,59613,59615],{"className":59,"code":59614,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59616,59617,59635],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59618,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59620,35857],{"class":72},[66,59622,77],{"class":76},[66,59624,22324],{"class":2641},[66,59626,110],{"class":102},[66,59628,113],{"class":80},[66,59630,41327],{"class":84},[66,59632,113],{"class":80},[66,59634,131],{"class":102},[66,59636,59637,59639,59641,59643],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59638,138],{"class":137},[66,59640,110],{"class":102},[66,59642,35910],{"class":106},[66,59644,131],{"class":102},[20,59646,59647],{},[398,59648,148],{},[57,59650,59651],{"className":59,"code":42641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,59652,59653],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59654,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59656,3652],{"class":102},[66,59658,3044],{"class":80},[66,59660,200],{"class":84},[66,59662,3044],{"class":80},[66,59664,121],{"class":102},[66,59666,3039],{"class":80},[66,59668,4514],{"class":84},[66,59670,3044],{"class":80},[66,59672,121],{"class":102},[66,59674,3039],{"class":80},[66,59676,9501],{"class":84},[66,59678,3044],{"class":80},[66,59680,3383],{"class":102},[258,59682,59684],{"id":59683},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[57,59686,59688],{"className":59,"code":59687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59689,59690,59712],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59691,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59693,3365],{"class":72},[66,59695,77],{"class":76},[66,59697,22324],{"class":2641},[66,59699,5264],{"class":102},[66,59701,2729],{"class":478},[66,59703,121],{"class":102},[66,59705,561],{"class":478},[66,59707,121],{"class":102},[66,59709,2186],{"class":478},[66,59711,1330],{"class":102},[66,59713,59714,59716,59718,59720],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59715,138],{"class":137},[66,59717,110],{"class":102},[66,59719,3397],{"class":106},[66,59721,131],{"class":102},[20,59723,59724],{},[398,59725,148],{},[57,59727,59728],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,59729,59730],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59731,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59733,3652],{"class":102},[66,59735,2729],{"class":478},[66,59737,121],{"class":102},[66,59739,561],{"class":478},[66,59741,121],{"class":102},[66,59743,2186],{"class":478},[66,59745,3383],{"class":102},[258,59747,59749],{"id":59748},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[57,59751,59753],{"className":59,"code":59752,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59754,59755,59774],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59756,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59768,59770,59772],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59758,3573],{"class":72},[66,59760,77],{"class":76},[66,59762,22324],{"class":2641},[66,59764,110],{"class":102},[66,59766,59767],{"class":137},"range",[66,59769,110],{"class":102},[66,59771,1869],{"class":478},[66,59773,1330],{"class":102},[66,59775,59776,59778,59780,59782],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59777,138],{"class":137},[66,59779,110],{"class":102},[66,59781,5114],{"class":106},[66,59783,131],{"class":102},[20,59785,59786],{},[398,59787,148],{},[57,59789,59791],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59792,59793],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59794,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59796,3652],{"class":102},[66,59798,1852],{"class":478},[66,59800,121],{"class":102},[66,59802,479],{"class":478},[66,59804,121],{"class":102},[66,59806,561],{"class":478},[66,59808,121],{"class":102},[66,59810,2186],{"class":478},[66,59812,121],{"class":102},[66,59814,2192],{"class":478},[66,59816,3383],{"class":102},[20,59818,59819,59821,59822,103],{},[15,59820,24546],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[200,59823,59825,59827],{"href":59824},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59826,24546],{},": Function Explained",[52,59829,59831],{"id":59830},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59833,59834],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59836,59837],{},"Examples include:",[33,59839,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848],{},[36,59841,5064],{},[36,59843,40191],{},[36,59845,51813],{},[36,59847,40361],{},[36,59849,59850],{},"other lists",[57,59852,59854],{"className":59,"code":59853,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59855,59856,59894,59898],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59857,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59859,8926],{"class":72},[66,59861,77],{"class":76},[66,59863,3370],{"class":102},[66,59865,113],{"class":80},[66,59867,12643],{"class":84},[66,59869,113],{"class":80},[66,59871,121],{"class":102},[66,59873,9067],{"class":478},[66,59875,121],{"class":102},[66,59877,3668],{"class":3602},[66,59879,121],{"class":102},[66,59881,3370],{"class":102},[66,59883,2729],{"class":478},[66,59885,121],{"class":102},[66,59887,561],{"class":478},[66,59889,121],{"class":102},[66,59891,2186],{"class":478},[66,59893,53010],{"class":102},[66,59895,59896],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59897,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,59899,59900,59902,59904,59906],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,59901,138],{"class":137},[66,59903,110],{"class":102},[66,59905,8965],{"class":106},[66,59907,131],{"class":102},[20,59909,59910],{},[398,59911,148],{},[57,59913,59915],{"className":59,"code":59914,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59916,59917],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59918,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59920,3652],{"class":102},[66,59922,3044],{"class":80},[66,59924,12643],{"class":84},[66,59926,3044],{"class":80},[66,59928,121],{"class":102},[66,59930,9067],{"class":478},[66,59932,121],{"class":102},[66,59934,3668],{"class":3602},[66,59936,121],{"class":102},[66,59938,3370],{"class":102},[66,59940,2729],{"class":478},[66,59942,121],{"class":102},[66,59944,561],{"class":478},[66,59946,121],{"class":102},[66,59948,2186],{"class":478},[66,59950,53010],{"class":102},[20,59952,59953,59954,103],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[398,59955,59956],{},"nested list",[20,59958,59959],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[52,59961,1105],{"id":1104},[20,59963,59964],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[258,59966,59968],{"id":59967},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59970,59971],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[57,59973,59975],{"className":59,"code":59974,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59976,59977,59981],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59978,59979],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59980,4287],{"class":3413},[66,59982,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,59984,3365],{"class":72},[66,59986,77],{"class":76},[66,59988,3370],{"class":102},[66,59990,2729],{"class":478},[66,59992,561],{"class":478},[66,59994,2186],{"class":478},[66,59996,3383],{"class":102},[20,59998,1209],{},[57,60000,60002],{"className":59,"code":60001,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60003,60004],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60005,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60007,3365],{"class":72},[66,60009,77],{"class":76},[66,60011,3370],{"class":102},[66,60013,2729],{"class":478},[66,60015,121],{"class":102},[66,60017,561],{"class":478},[66,60019,121],{"class":102},[66,60021,2186],{"class":478},[66,60023,3383],{"class":102},[258,60025,8176,60027,10854,60029],{"id":60026},"using-instead-of",[15,60028,7120],{},[15,60030,3537],{},[20,60032,60033],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[57,60035,60037],{"className":59,"code":60036,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60038,60039,60060,60064],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60040,60041,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60042,60043],{"class":72},"my_values ",[66,60045,77],{"class":76},[66,60047,8997],{"class":102},[66,60049,2729],{"class":478},[66,60051,121],{"class":102},[66,60053,561],{"class":478},[66,60055,121],{"class":102},[66,60057,2186],{"class":478},[66,60059,131],{"class":102},[66,60061,60062],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60063,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,60065,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60077],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,60067,138],{"class":137},[66,60069,110],{"class":102},[66,60071,2964],{"class":2641},[66,60073,110],{"class":102},[66,60075,60076],{"class":106},"my_values",[66,60078,1330],{"class":102},[20,60080,60081],{},[398,60082,148],{},[57,60084,60086],{"className":59,"code":60085,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60087,60088],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60089,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60091,3033],{"class":76},[66,60093,3036],{"class":1797},[66,60095,3039],{"class":80},[66,60097,48721],{"class":84},[66,60099,3044],{"class":80},[66,60101,3047],{"class":76},[20,60103,60104],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[57,60106,60108],{"className":59,"code":60107,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60109,60110,60130],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60111,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60113,60043],{"class":72},[66,60115,77],{"class":76},[66,60117,3370],{"class":102},[66,60119,2729],{"class":478},[66,60121,121],{"class":102},[66,60123,561],{"class":478},[66,60125,121],{"class":102},[66,60127,2186],{"class":478},[66,60129,3383],{"class":102},[66,60131,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60133,138],{"class":137},[66,60135,110],{"class":102},[66,60137,2964],{"class":2641},[66,60139,110],{"class":102},[66,60141,60076],{"class":106},[66,60143,1330],{"class":102},[258,60145,1119,60147,60150],{"id":60146},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60148,60149],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60152,60153,60155],{},[15,60154,24546],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[57,60157,60159],{"className":59,"code":60158,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60160,60161,60179],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60162,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60164,447],{"class":72},[66,60166,77],{"class":76},[66,60168,22324],{"class":2641},[66,60170,110],{"class":102},[66,60172,113],{"class":80},[66,60174,1017],{"class":84},[66,60176,113],{"class":80},[66,60178,131],{"class":102},[66,60180,60181,60183,60185,60187],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60182,138],{"class":137},[66,60184,110],{"class":102},[66,60186,494],{"class":106},[66,60188,131],{"class":102},[20,60190,60191],{},[398,60192,148],{},[57,60194,60196],{"className":59,"code":60195,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60197,60198],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60199,60200,60202,60204,60207,60209,60211,60213,60216,60218,60220,60222,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60201,3652],{"class":102},[66,60203,3044],{"class":80},[66,60205,60206],{"class":84},"h",[66,60208,3044],{"class":80},[66,60210,121],{"class":102},[66,60212,3039],{"class":80},[66,60214,60215],{"class":84},"e",[66,60217,3044],{"class":80},[66,60219,121],{"class":102},[66,60221,3039],{"class":80},[66,60223,60224],{"class":84},"l",[66,60226,3044],{"class":80},[66,60228,121],{"class":102},[66,60230,3039],{"class":80},[66,60232,60224],{"class":84},[66,60234,3044],{"class":80},[66,60236,121],{"class":102},[66,60238,3039],{"class":80},[66,60240,656],{"class":84},[66,60242,3044],{"class":80},[66,60244,121],{"class":102},[66,60246,3039],{"class":80},[66,60248,3039],{"class":80},[66,60250,121],{"class":102},[66,60252,3039],{"class":80},[66,60254,60255],{"class":84},"w",[66,60257,3044],{"class":80},[66,60259,121],{"class":102},[66,60261,3039],{"class":80},[66,60263,656],{"class":84},[66,60265,3044],{"class":80},[66,60267,121],{"class":102},[66,60269,3039],{"class":80},[66,60271,60272],{"class":84},"r",[66,60274,3044],{"class":80},[66,60276,121],{"class":102},[66,60278,3039],{"class":80},[66,60280,60224],{"class":84},[66,60282,3044],{"class":80},[66,60284,121],{"class":102},[66,60286,3039],{"class":80},[66,60288,18530],{"class":84},[66,60290,3044],{"class":80},[66,60292,3383],{"class":102},[20,60294,60295,60296,60298],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60297,773],{}," instead:",[57,60300,60302],{"className":59,"code":60301,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60303,60304,60322],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60305,60306,60308,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60307,3823],{"class":72},[66,60309,77],{"class":76},[66,60311,81],{"class":80},[66,60313,1017],{"class":84},[66,60315,113],{"class":80},[66,60317,103],{"class":102},[66,60319,34237],{"class":106},[66,60321,8402],{"class":102},[66,60323,60324,60326,60328,60330],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60325,138],{"class":137},[66,60327,110],{"class":102},[66,60329,3866],{"class":106},[66,60331,131],{"class":102},[20,60333,60334],{},[398,60335,148],{},[57,60337,60339],{"className":59,"code":60338,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60340,60341],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60342,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60344,3652],{"class":102},[66,60346,3044],{"class":80},[66,60348,939],{"class":84},[66,60350,3044],{"class":80},[66,60352,121],{"class":102},[66,60354,3039],{"class":80},[66,60356,1038],{"class":84},[66,60358,3044],{"class":80},[66,60360,3383],{"class":102},[258,60362,60364],{"id":60363},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60366,60367],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[57,60369,60371],{"className":59,"code":60370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60372,60373,60377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60374,60375],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60376,4287],{"class":3413},[66,60378,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60398,60400,60402,60404],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60380,4749],{"class":72},[66,60382,77],{"class":76},[66,60384,3370],{"class":102},[66,60386,113],{"class":80},[66,60388,12643],{"class":84},[66,60390,113],{"class":80},[66,60392,121],{"class":102},[66,60394,81],{"class":80},[66,60396,60397],{"class":84},"Ben', ",[66,60399,113],{"class":80},[66,60401,35716],{"class":72},[66,60403,113],{"class":80},[66,60405,3383],{"class":84},[20,60407,60408],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[57,60410,60412],{"className":59,"code":60411,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60413,60414],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60415,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60417,4749],{"class":72},[66,60419,77],{"class":76},[66,60421,3370],{"class":102},[66,60423,113],{"class":80},[66,60425,12643],{"class":84},[66,60427,113],{"class":80},[66,60429,121],{"class":102},[66,60431,81],{"class":80},[66,60433,35707],{"class":84},[66,60435,113],{"class":80},[66,60437,121],{"class":102},[66,60439,81],{"class":80},[66,60441,35716],{"class":84},[66,60443,113],{"class":80},[66,60445,3383],{"class":102},[258,60447,60449],{"id":60448},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60451,60452],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[33,60454,60455,60458,60461,60466],{},[36,60456,60457],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[36,60459,60460],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[36,60462,60463,60464],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60465,24546],{},[36,60467,1119,60468,60471],{},[15,60469,60470],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[258,60473,60475],{"id":60474},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[57,60477,60479],{"className":59,"code":60478,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60480,60481,60491,60505,60519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60482,60483,60485,60487,60489],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60484,138],{"class":137},[66,60486,110],{"class":102},[66,60488,8097],{"class":106},[66,60490,131],{"class":102},[66,60492,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60494,138],{"class":137},[66,60496,110],{"class":102},[66,60498,2964],{"class":2641},[66,60500,110],{"class":102},[66,60502,8097],{"class":106},[66,60504,1330],{"class":102},[66,60506,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,60508,138],{"class":137},[66,60510,110],{"class":102},[66,60512,10924],{"class":137},[66,60514,110],{"class":102},[66,60516,8097],{"class":106},[66,60518,1330],{"class":102},[66,60520,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,60522,138],{"class":137},[66,60524,110],{"class":102},[66,60526,7851],{"class":2641},[66,60528,110],{"class":102},[66,60530,59767],{"class":137},[66,60532,110],{"class":102},[66,60534,1869],{"class":478},[66,60536,2652],{"class":102},[20,60538,25774],{},[33,60540,60541,60544,60547,60550],{},[36,60542,60543],{},"what the list contains",[36,60545,60546],{},"whether the value is really a list",[36,60548,60549],{},"how many items it has",[36,60551,38,60552,60554,60555],{},[15,60553,24546],{}," does with ",[15,60556,35965],{},[52,60558,60560],{"id":60559},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60562,60563],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60565,60566],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[33,60568,60569,60584,60589],{},[36,60570,160,60571,1923,60575,16835,60579,60583],{},[200,60572,60573],{"href":56537},[15,60574,52420],{},[200,60576,60577],{"href":53112},[15,60578,53214],{},[200,60580,60581],{"href":53676},[15,60582,54036],{}," to add items later",[36,60585,160,60586,60588],{},[200,60587,59164],{"href":50746}," for a broader introduction",[36,60590,160,60591,60595],{},[200,60592,60593,59827],{"href":59824},[15,60594,24546],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[52,60597,1518],{"id":1517},[258,60599,60601],{"id":60600},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60603,60604],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[57,60606,60607],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,60608,60609],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60610,60611],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60612,38063],{"class":102},[258,60614,60616],{"id":60615},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60618,60619],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[57,60621,60622],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,60623,60624],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60625,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60627,3652],{"class":102},[66,60629,2729],{"class":478},[66,60631,121],{"class":102},[66,60633,561],{"class":478},[66,60635,121],{"class":102},[66,60637,2186],{"class":478},[66,60639,3383],{"class":102},[258,60641,4897,60643,60645],{"id":60642},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60644,24546],{}," do in Python?",[20,60647,60648,60649,60651],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60650,35965],{},", into a list.",[258,60653,60655],{"id":60654},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60657,60658],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[258,60660,4934,60662,798,60664,2228],{"id":60661},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60663,3537],{},[15,60665,7120],{},[20,60667,60668,60670,60671,60673],{},[15,60669,3537],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60672,7120],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[52,60675,1620],{"id":1619},[33,60677,60678,60682,60688,60694,60700,60706,60710],{},[36,60679,60680],{},[200,60681,59164],{"href":50746},[36,60683,60684],{},[200,60685,55288,60686,18],{"href":56537},[15,60687,52420],{},[36,60689,60690],{},[200,60691,55288,60692,18],{"href":53112},[15,60693,53214],{},[36,60695,60696],{},[200,60697,55288,60698,18],{"href":53676},[15,60699,54036],{},[36,60701,60702],{},[200,60703,3321,60704,3325],{"href":59824},[15,60705,24546],{},[36,60707,60708],{},[200,60709,59167],{"href":58262},[36,60711,60712],{},[200,60713,60714],{"href":11827},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60716,60717,60718,60720],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60719,52420],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1651,60722,60723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":60725},[60726,60727,60728,60729,60732,60733,60739,60740,60750,60751,60760],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":14923,"depth":91,"text":14924},{"id":59059,"depth":91,"text":59060},{"id":59170,"depth":91,"text":59171,"children":60730},[60731],{"id":59372,"depth":134,"text":59373},{"id":59388,"depth":91,"text":59389},{"id":59585,"depth":91,"text":60734,"children":60735},"Create a list with list()",[60736,60737,60738],{"id":59610,"depth":134,"text":59611},{"id":59683,"depth":134,"text":59684},{"id":59748,"depth":134,"text":59749},{"id":59830,"depth":91,"text":59831},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":60741},[60742,60743,60745,60747,60748,60749],{"id":59967,"depth":134,"text":59968},{"id":60026,"depth":134,"text":60744},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60146,"depth":134,"text":60746},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60363,"depth":134,"text":60364},{"id":60448,"depth":134,"text":60449},{"id":60474,"depth":134,"text":60475},{"id":60559,"depth":91,"text":60560},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":60752},[60753,60754,60755,60757,60758],{"id":60600,"depth":134,"text":60601},{"id":60615,"depth":134,"text":60616},{"id":60642,"depth":134,"text":60756},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60654,"depth":134,"text":60655},{"id":60661,"depth":134,"text":60759},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58801,"description":60761},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60768,"title":60769,"body":60770,"description":62510,"extension":1694,"meta":62511,"navigation":338,"path":62512,"seo":62513,"stem":62514,"__hash__":62515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60771,"toc":62465},[60772,60777,60782,60785,60787,60858,60863,60868,60872,60886,60891,60893,60913,60918,60921,60943,60947,60952,61044,61046,61068,61074,61080,61087,61094,61100,61157,61163,61221,61223,61235,61243,61249,61254,61258,61315,61318,61322,61381,61384,61388,61446,61458,61462,61515,61518,61522,61528,61534,61596,61599,61660,61663,61719,61724,61726,61730,61737,61798,61803,61812,61868,61875,61879,61937,61946,62004,62008,62043,62047,62057,62060,62115,62129,62132,62247,62252,62256,62267,62269,62348,62358,62360,62365,62370,62377,62385,62391,62394,62400,62403,62409,62415,62417,62453,62462],[10,60773,54110,60775,18],{"id":60774},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60776,53214],{},[20,60778,60779,60781],{},[15,60780,53115],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60783,60784],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[52,60786,55],{"id":54},[57,60788,60790],{"className":59,"code":60789,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60791,60792,60808,60825,60829,60844,60854],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60793,60794,60796,60798,60800,60802,60804,60806],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60795,3365],{"class":72},[66,60797,77],{"class":76},[66,60799,3370],{"class":102},[66,60801,2729],{"class":478},[66,60803,121],{"class":102},[66,60805,561],{"class":478},[66,60807,3383],{"class":102},[66,60809,60810,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60811,60812],{"class":72},"more_numbers ",[66,60814,77],{"class":76},[66,60816,3370],{"class":102},[66,60818,1794],{"class":478},[66,60820,121],{"class":102},[66,60822,2192],{"class":478},[66,60824,3383],{"class":102},[66,60826,60827],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,60828,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,60830,60831,60833,60835,60837,60839,60842],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,60832,3397],{"class":72},[66,60834,103],{"class":102},[66,60836,53244],{"class":106},[66,60838,110],{"class":102},[66,60840,60841],{"class":106},"more_numbers",[66,60843,131],{"class":102},[66,60845,60846,60848,60850,60852],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,60847,138],{"class":137},[66,60849,110],{"class":102},[66,60851,3397],{"class":106},[66,60853,131],{"class":102},[66,60855,60856],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,60857,52491],{"class":3413},[20,60859,160,60860,60862],{},[15,60861,53214],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[52,60864,168,60866,41],{"id":60865},"what-listextend-does",[15,60867,53115],{},[20,60869,60870,1111],{},[15,60871,53214],{},[33,60873,60874,60877,60879,60882],{},[36,60875,60876],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[36,60878,54196],{},[36,60880,60881],{},"Does not create a new list",[36,60883,11186,60884],{},[15,60885,3528],{},[20,60887,60888,60889,53569],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60890,53214],{},[52,60892,1891],{"id":1890},[57,60894,60896],{"className":59,"code":60895,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60897,60898],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60899,60900,60903,60905,60907,60909,60911],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60901,60902],{"class":72},"list_name",[66,60904,103],{"class":102},[66,60906,53244],{"class":106},[66,60908,110],{"class":102},[66,60910,3470],{"class":106},[66,60912,131],{"class":102},[20,60914,5206,60915,60917],{},[398,60916,3470],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60919,60920],{},"Common iterables include:",[33,60922,60923,60927,60931,60935,60939],{},[36,60924,60925],{},[15,60926,7851],{},[36,60928,60929],{},[15,60930,48721],{},[36,60932,60933],{},[15,60934,6039],{},[36,60936,60937],{},[15,60938,217],{},[36,60940,60941],{},[15,60942,59767],{},[52,60944,60946],{"id":60945},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60948,60949,60950,1111],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60951,53214],{},[57,60953,60955],{"className":59,"code":60954,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60956,60957,60981,61006,61010,61025,61029,61039],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60958,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60979],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60960,36006],{"class":72},[66,60962,77],{"class":76},[66,60964,3370],{"class":102},[66,60966,113],{"class":80},[66,60968,3832],{"class":84},[66,60970,113],{"class":80},[66,60972,121],{"class":102},[66,60974,81],{"class":80},[66,60976,627],{"class":84},[66,60978,113],{"class":80},[66,60980,3383],{"class":102},[66,60982,60983,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61004],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,60984,60985],{"class":72},"more_fruits ",[66,60987,77],{"class":76},[66,60989,3370],{"class":102},[66,60991,113],{"class":80},[66,60993,32989],{"class":84},[66,60995,113],{"class":80},[66,60997,121],{"class":102},[66,60999,81],{"class":80},[66,61001,22297],{"class":84},[66,61003,113],{"class":80},[66,61005,3383],{"class":102},[66,61007,61008],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61009,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61011,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020,61023],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61013,36058],{"class":72},[66,61015,103],{"class":102},[66,61017,53244],{"class":106},[66,61019,110],{"class":102},[66,61021,61022],{"class":106},"more_fruits",[66,61024,131],{"class":102},[66,61026,61027],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61028,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61030,61031,61033,61035,61037],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,61032,138],{"class":137},[66,61034,110],{"class":102},[66,61036,36058],{"class":106},[66,61038,131],{"class":102},[66,61040,61041],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,61042,61043],{"class":3413},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61045,11447],{},[33,61047,61048,61053,61058],{},[36,61049,61050,61052],{},[15,61051,36058],{}," starts with two items",[36,61054,61055,61057],{},[15,61056,61022],{}," has two more items",[36,61059,61060,61062,61063,61065,61066],{},[15,61061,53214],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61064,61022],{}," to ",[15,61067,36058],{},[20,61069,61070,61071,61073],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61072,36058],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61075,54335,61076,798,61078,103],{},[200,61077,52539],{"href":50746},[200,61079,56923],{"href":56922},[52,61081,61083,10348,61085],{"id":61082},"extend-vs-append",[15,61084,53214],{},[15,61086,52420],{},[20,61088,61089,798,61091,61093],{},[15,61090,53214],{},[15,61092,52420],{}," are often confused.",[258,61095,61097,61099],{"id":61096},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61098,53214],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[57,61101,61103],{"className":59,"code":61102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61104,61105,61121,61139,61143,61153],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61106,61107,61109,61111,61113,61115,61117,61119],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61108,3365],{"class":72},[66,61110,77],{"class":76},[66,61112,3370],{"class":102},[66,61114,2729],{"class":478},[66,61116,121],{"class":102},[66,61118,561],{"class":478},[66,61120,3383],{"class":102},[66,61122,61123,61125,61127,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61124,3397],{"class":72},[66,61126,103],{"class":102},[66,61128,53244],{"class":106},[66,61130,2726],{"class":102},[66,61132,1794],{"class":478},[66,61134,121],{"class":102},[66,61136,2192],{"class":478},[66,61138,3640],{"class":102},[66,61140,61141],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61142,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61144,61145,61147,61149,61151],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61146,138],{"class":137},[66,61148,110],{"class":102},[66,61150,3397],{"class":106},[66,61152,131],{"class":102},[66,61154,61155],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61156,52491],{"class":3413},[258,61158,61160,61162],{"id":61159},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61161,52420],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[57,61164,61166],{"className":59,"code":61165,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61167,61168,61184,61202,61206,61216],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61169,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61171,3365],{"class":72},[66,61173,77],{"class":76},[66,61175,3370],{"class":102},[66,61177,2729],{"class":478},[66,61179,121],{"class":102},[66,61181,561],{"class":478},[66,61183,3383],{"class":102},[66,61185,61186,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196,61198,61200],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61187,3397],{"class":72},[66,61189,103],{"class":102},[66,61191,13314],{"class":106},[66,61193,2726],{"class":102},[66,61195,1794],{"class":478},[66,61197,121],{"class":102},[66,61199,2192],{"class":478},[66,61201,3640],{"class":102},[66,61203,61204],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61205,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61207,61208,61210,61212,61214],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61209,138],{"class":137},[66,61211,110],{"class":102},[66,61213,3397],{"class":106},[66,61215,131],{"class":102},[66,61217,61218],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61219,61220],{"class":3413},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61222,18457],{},[33,61224,61225,61230],{},[36,61226,61227,61229],{},[15,61228,53214],{}," to combine values",[36,61231,61232,61234],{},[15,61233,52420],{}," to add one item",[20,61236,41859,61237,798,61241,103],{},[200,61238,55288,61239,774],{"href":56537},[15,61240,52420],{},[200,61242,52817],{"href":52816},[52,61244,8176,61246,61248],{"id":61245},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61247,53214],{}," with different iterables",[20,61250,61251,61253],{},[15,61252,53214],{}," works with more than just lists.",[258,61255,61257],{"id":61256},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[57,61259,61261],{"className":59,"code":61260,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61262,61263,61279,61297,61301,61311],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61264,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273,61275,61277],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61266,3573],{"class":72},[66,61268,77],{"class":76},[66,61270,3370],{"class":102},[66,61272,2729],{"class":478},[66,61274,121],{"class":102},[66,61276,561],{"class":478},[66,61278,3383],{"class":102},[66,61280,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61282,5114],{"class":72},[66,61284,103],{"class":102},[66,61286,53244],{"class":106},[66,61288,5264],{"class":102},[66,61290,1794],{"class":478},[66,61292,121],{"class":102},[66,61294,2192],{"class":478},[66,61296,1330],{"class":102},[66,61298,61299],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61300,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61302,61303,61305,61307,61309],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61304,138],{"class":137},[66,61306,110],{"class":102},[66,61308,5114],{"class":106},[66,61310,131],{"class":102},[66,61312,61313],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61314,52491],{"class":3413},[20,61316,61317],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[258,61319,61321],{"id":61320},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[57,61323,61325],{"className":59,"code":61324,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61326,61327,61343,61362,61366,61376],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61328,61329,61331,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61330,35857],{"class":72},[66,61332,77],{"class":76},[66,61334,3370],{"class":102},[66,61336,113],{"class":80},[66,61338,200],{"class":84},[66,61340,113],{"class":80},[66,61342,3383],{"class":102},[66,61344,61345,61347,61349,61351,61353,61355,61358,61360],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61346,35910],{"class":72},[66,61348,103],{"class":102},[66,61350,53244],{"class":106},[66,61352,110],{"class":102},[66,61354,113],{"class":80},[66,61356,61357],{"class":84},"bc",[66,61359,113],{"class":80},[66,61361,131],{"class":102},[66,61363,61364],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61365,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61367,61368,61370,61372,61374],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61369,138],{"class":137},[66,61371,110],{"class":102},[66,61373,35910],{"class":106},[66,61375,131],{"class":102},[66,61377,61378],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61379,61380],{"class":3413},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61382,61383],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[258,61385,61387],{"id":61386},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[57,61389,61391],{"className":59,"code":61390,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61392,61393,61405,61427,61431,61441],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61394,61395,61397,61399,61401,61403],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61396,3365],{"class":72},[66,61398,77],{"class":76},[66,61400,3370],{"class":102},[66,61402,1852],{"class":478},[66,61404,3383],{"class":102},[66,61406,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61408,3397],{"class":72},[66,61410,103],{"class":102},[66,61412,53244],{"class":106},[66,61414,110],{"class":102},[66,61416,59767],{"class":137},[66,61418,110],{"class":102},[66,61420,2729],{"class":478},[66,61422,121],{"class":102},[66,61424,2192],{"class":478},[66,61426,1330],{"class":102},[66,61428,61429],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61430,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61432,61433,61435,61437,61439],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61434,138],{"class":137},[66,61436,110],{"class":102},[66,61438,3397],{"class":106},[66,61440,131],{"class":102},[66,61442,61443],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61444,61445],{"class":3413},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61447,61448,61451,61452,1923,61454,16835,61456,103],{},[15,61449,61450],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61453,2729],{},[15,61455,1788],{},[15,61457,1794],{},[258,61459,61461],{"id":61460},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[57,61463,61465],{"className":59,"code":61464,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61466,61467,61483,61501,61505],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61468,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61470,7535],{"class":72},[66,61472,77],{"class":76},[66,61474,3370],{"class":102},[66,61476,2729],{"class":478},[66,61478,121],{"class":102},[66,61480,561],{"class":478},[66,61482,3383],{"class":102},[66,61484,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61486,7566],{"class":72},[66,61488,103],{"class":102},[66,61490,53244],{"class":106},[66,61492,5283],{"class":102},[66,61494,1794],{"class":478},[66,61496,121],{"class":102},[66,61498,2192],{"class":478},[66,61500,30263],{"class":102},[66,61502,61503],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61504,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61506,61507,61509,61511,61513],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61508,138],{"class":137},[66,61510,110],{"class":102},[66,61512,7566],{"class":106},[66,61514,131],{"class":102},[20,61516,61517],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[52,61519,61521],{"id":61520},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61523,61524,2131,61526,103],{},[15,61525,53214],{},[15,61527,3528],{},[20,61529,61530,61531,1111],{},"That means this is ",[398,61532,61533],{},"wrong",[57,61535,61537],{"className":59,"code":61536,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61538,61539,61555,61577,61581,61591],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61540,61541,61543,61545,61547,61549,61551,61553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61542,3365],{"class":72},[66,61544,77],{"class":76},[66,61546,3370],{"class":102},[66,61548,2729],{"class":478},[66,61550,121],{"class":102},[66,61552,561],{"class":478},[66,61554,3383],{"class":102},[66,61556,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573,61575],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61558,447],{"class":72},[66,61560,77],{"class":76},[66,61562,4016],{"class":72},[66,61564,103],{"class":102},[66,61566,53244],{"class":106},[66,61568,2726],{"class":102},[66,61570,1794],{"class":478},[66,61572,121],{"class":102},[66,61574,2192],{"class":478},[66,61576,3640],{"class":102},[66,61578,61579],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61580,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61582,61583,61585,61587,61589],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61584,138],{"class":137},[66,61586,110],{"class":102},[66,61588,494],{"class":106},[66,61590,131],{"class":102},[66,61592,61593],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61594,61595],{"class":3413},"# None\n",[20,61597,61598],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[57,61600,61602],{"className":59,"code":61601,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61603,61604,61620,61642,61646,61656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61605,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61607,3365],{"class":72},[66,61609,77],{"class":76},[66,61611,3370],{"class":102},[66,61613,2729],{"class":478},[66,61615,121],{"class":102},[66,61617,561],{"class":478},[66,61619,3383],{"class":102},[66,61621,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638,61640],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61623,3365],{"class":72},[66,61625,77],{"class":76},[66,61627,4016],{"class":72},[66,61629,103],{"class":102},[66,61631,53244],{"class":106},[66,61633,2726],{"class":102},[66,61635,1794],{"class":478},[66,61637,121],{"class":102},[66,61639,2192],{"class":478},[66,61641,3640],{"class":102},[66,61643,61644],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61645,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61647,61648,61650,61652,61654],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61649,138],{"class":137},[66,61651,110],{"class":102},[66,61653,3397],{"class":106},[66,61655,131],{"class":102},[66,61657,61658],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61659,61595],{"class":3413},[20,61661,61662],{},"The correct way is:",[57,61664,61665],{"className":59,"code":61102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,61666,61667,61683,61701,61705,61715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61668,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61670,3365],{"class":72},[66,61672,77],{"class":76},[66,61674,3370],{"class":102},[66,61676,2729],{"class":478},[66,61678,121],{"class":102},[66,61680,561],{"class":478},[66,61682,3383],{"class":102},[66,61684,61685,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61686,3397],{"class":72},[66,61688,103],{"class":102},[66,61690,53244],{"class":106},[66,61692,2726],{"class":102},[66,61694,1794],{"class":478},[66,61696,121],{"class":102},[66,61698,2192],{"class":478},[66,61700,3640],{"class":102},[66,61702,61703],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61704,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61708,138],{"class":137},[66,61710,110],{"class":102},[66,61712,3397],{"class":106},[66,61714,131],{"class":102},[66,61716,61717],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61718,52491],{"class":3413},[20,61720,55677,61721,61723],{},[15,61722,53214],{}," first, then use the original list.",[52,61725,1105],{"id":1104},[20,61727,14495,61728,103],{},[15,61729,53214],{},[258,61731,61733,61734,61736],{"id":61732},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61735,53214],{}," to return a new list",[57,61738,61740],{"className":59,"code":61739,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61741,61742,61758,61780,61784,61794],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61743,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752,61754,61756],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61745,3365],{"class":72},[66,61747,77],{"class":76},[66,61749,3370],{"class":102},[66,61751,2729],{"class":478},[66,61753,121],{"class":102},[66,61755,561],{"class":478},[66,61757,3383],{"class":102},[66,61759,61760,61762,61764,61766,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61761,55410],{"class":72},[66,61763,77],{"class":76},[66,61765,4016],{"class":72},[66,61767,103],{"class":102},[66,61769,53244],{"class":106},[66,61771,2726],{"class":102},[66,61773,1794],{"class":478},[66,61775,121],{"class":102},[66,61777,2192],{"class":478},[66,61779,3640],{"class":102},[66,61781,61782],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61783,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61785,61786,61788,61790,61792],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61787,138],{"class":137},[66,61789,110],{"class":102},[66,61791,55429],{"class":106},[66,61793,131],{"class":102},[66,61795,61796],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61797,61595],{"class":3413},[20,61799,61800,61801,103],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61802,53214],{},[258,61804,61806,61807,44396,61809,61811],{"id":61805},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61808,52420],{},[15,61810,53214],{}," is needed",[57,61813,61814],{"className":59,"code":61165,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,61815,61816,61832,61850,61854,61864],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61817,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61819,3365],{"class":72},[66,61821,77],{"class":76},[66,61823,3370],{"class":102},[66,61825,2729],{"class":478},[66,61827,121],{"class":102},[66,61829,561],{"class":478},[66,61831,3383],{"class":102},[66,61833,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61835,3397],{"class":72},[66,61837,103],{"class":102},[66,61839,13314],{"class":106},[66,61841,2726],{"class":102},[66,61843,1794],{"class":478},[66,61845,121],{"class":102},[66,61847,2192],{"class":478},[66,61849,3640],{"class":102},[66,61851,61852],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61853,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61855,61856,61858,61860,61862],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61857,138],{"class":137},[66,61859,110],{"class":102},[66,61861,3397],{"class":106},[66,61863,131],{"class":102},[66,61865,61866],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61867,61220],{"class":3413},[20,61869,61870,61871,53659,61873,6385],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61872,53658],{},[15,61874,53214],{},[258,61876,61878],{"id":61877},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[57,61880,61882],{"className":59,"code":61881,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61883,61884,61900,61918,61922,61932],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61885,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61887,3823],{"class":72},[66,61889,77],{"class":76},[66,61891,3370],{"class":102},[66,61893,113],{"class":80},[66,61895,939],{"class":84},[66,61897,113],{"class":80},[66,61899,3383],{"class":102},[66,61901,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61903,3866],{"class":72},[66,61905,103],{"class":102},[66,61907,53244],{"class":106},[66,61909,110],{"class":102},[66,61911,113],{"class":80},[66,61913,1038],{"class":84},[66,61915,113],{"class":80},[66,61917,131],{"class":102},[66,61919,61920],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61921,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61923,61924,61926,61928,61930],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61925,138],{"class":137},[66,61927,110],{"class":102},[66,61929,3866],{"class":106},[66,61931,131],{"class":102},[66,61933,61934],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,61935,61936],{"class":3413},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61938,61939,61940,61943,61944,1111],{},"If you want ",[15,61941,61942],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61945,52420],{},[57,61947,61949],{"className":59,"code":61948,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61950,61951,61967,61985,61989,61999],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61952,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61954,3823],{"class":72},[66,61956,77],{"class":76},[66,61958,3370],{"class":102},[66,61960,113],{"class":80},[66,61962,939],{"class":84},[66,61964,113],{"class":80},[66,61966,3383],{"class":102},[66,61968,61969,61971,61973,61975,61977,61979,61981,61983],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,61970,3866],{"class":72},[66,61972,103],{"class":102},[66,61974,13314],{"class":106},[66,61976,110],{"class":102},[66,61978,113],{"class":80},[66,61980,1038],{"class":84},[66,61982,113],{"class":80},[66,61984,131],{"class":102},[66,61986,61987],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,61988,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,61990,61991,61993,61995,61997],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,61992,138],{"class":137},[66,61994,110],{"class":102},[66,61996,3866],{"class":106},[66,61998,131],{"class":102},[66,62000,62001],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,62002,62003],{"class":3413},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[258,62005,62007],{"id":62006},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[57,62009,62011],{"className":59,"code":62010,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62012,62013,62029],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62014,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62016,3365],{"class":72},[66,62018,77],{"class":76},[66,62020,3370],{"class":102},[66,62022,2729],{"class":478},[66,62024,121],{"class":102},[66,62026,561],{"class":478},[66,62028,3383],{"class":102},[66,62030,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62032,3397],{"class":72},[66,62034,103],{"class":102},[66,62036,53244],{"class":106},[66,62038,110],{"class":102},[66,62040,1869],{"class":478},[66,62042,131],{"class":102},[20,62044,39420,62045,6305],{},[15,62046,1869],{},[20,62048,62049,62050,62052,62053,62056],{},"You will get a ",[15,62051,2746],{},". See ",[200,62054,62055],{"href":52367},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62058,62059],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[57,62061,62063],{"className":59,"code":62062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62064,62065,62075,62089,62101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62066,62067,62069,62071,62073],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62068,138],{"class":137},[66,62070,110],{"class":102},[66,62072,8097],{"class":106},[66,62074,131],{"class":102},[66,62076,62077,62079,62081,62083,62085,62087],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62078,138],{"class":137},[66,62080,110],{"class":102},[66,62082,2964],{"class":2641},[66,62084,110],{"class":102},[66,62086,5114],{"class":106},[66,62088,1330],{"class":102},[66,62090,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,62092,138],{"class":137},[66,62094,110],{"class":102},[66,62096,494],{"class":106},[66,62098,3410],{"class":102},[66,62100,131],{"class":72},[66,62102,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,62104,31920],{"class":137},[66,62106,110],{"class":102},[66,62108,7851],{"class":2641},[66,62110,103],{"class":102},[66,62112,53244],{"class":24515},[66,62114,131],{"class":102},[43346,62116,62117],{},[20,62118,62119,62120,62123,62124,62126,62127,103],{},"Note: ",[15,62121,62122],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62125,3410],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62128,32795],{},[20,62130,62131],{},"Correct debugging example:",[57,62133,62135],{"className":59,"code":62134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62136,62137,62153,62169,62173,62187,62191,62199,62209,62223,62233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62138,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62140,8066],{"class":72},[66,62142,77],{"class":76},[66,62144,3370],{"class":102},[66,62146,2729],{"class":478},[66,62148,121],{"class":102},[66,62150,561],{"class":478},[66,62152,3383],{"class":102},[66,62154,62155,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165,62167],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62156,3573],{"class":72},[66,62158,77],{"class":76},[66,62160,3370],{"class":102},[66,62162,1794],{"class":478},[66,62164,121],{"class":102},[66,62166,2192],{"class":478},[66,62168,3383],{"class":102},[66,62170,62171],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,62172,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,62174,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,62176,8097],{"class":72},[66,62178,103],{"class":102},[66,62180,53244],{"class":106},[66,62182,110],{"class":102},[66,62184,5114],{"class":106},[66,62186,131],{"class":102},[66,62188,62189],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,62190,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,62192,62193,62195,62197],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,62194,447],{"class":72},[66,62196,77],{"class":76},[66,62198,48295],{"class":3602},[66,62200,62201,62203,62205,62207],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,62202,138],{"class":137},[66,62204,110],{"class":102},[66,62206,8097],{"class":106},[66,62208,131],{"class":102},[66,62210,62211,62213,62215,62217,62219,62221],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,62212,138],{"class":137},[66,62214,110],{"class":102},[66,62216,2964],{"class":2641},[66,62218,110],{"class":102},[66,62220,5114],{"class":106},[66,62222,1330],{"class":102},[66,62224,62225,62227,62229,62231],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,62226,138],{"class":137},[66,62228,110],{"class":102},[66,62230,494],{"class":106},[66,62232,131],{"class":102},[66,62234,62235,62237,62239,62241,62243,62245],{"class":68,"line":6190},[66,62236,31920],{"class":137},[66,62238,110],{"class":102},[66,62240,7851],{"class":2641},[66,62242,103],{"class":102},[66,62244,53244],{"class":24515},[66,62246,131],{"class":102},[52,62248,4715,62250],{"id":62249},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62251,53214],{},[20,62253,160,62254,6070],{},[15,62255,53214],{},[33,62257,62258,62261,62264],{},[36,62259,62260],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[36,62262,62263],{},"Add multiple values at once",[36,62265,62266],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62268,5226],{},[57,62270,62272],{"className":59,"code":62271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62273,62274,62291,62309,62313,62329,62333,62343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62275,62276,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62277,62278],{"class":72},"all_scores ",[66,62280,77],{"class":76},[66,62282,3370],{"class":102},[66,62284,13263],{"class":478},[66,62286,121],{"class":102},[66,62288,13268],{"class":478},[66,62290,3383],{"class":102},[66,62292,62293,62296,62298,62300,62302,62304,62307],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62294,62295],{"class":72},"new_scores ",[66,62297,77],{"class":76},[66,62299,3370],{"class":102},[66,62301,51272],{"class":478},[66,62303,121],{"class":102},[66,62305,62306],{"class":478}," 92",[66,62308,3383],{"class":102},[66,62310,62311],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,62312,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,62314,62315,62318,62320,62322,62324,62327],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,62316,62317],{"class":72},"all_scores",[66,62319,103],{"class":102},[66,62321,53244],{"class":106},[66,62323,110],{"class":102},[66,62325,62326],{"class":106},"new_scores",[66,62328,131],{"class":102},[66,62330,62331],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,62332,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,62334,62335,62337,62339,62341],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,62336,138],{"class":137},[66,62338,110],{"class":102},[66,62340,62317],{"class":106},[66,62342,131],{"class":102},[66,62344,62345],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,62346,62347],{"class":3413},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62349,62350,62351,62353,62354,103],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62352,52420],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[200,62355,55288,62356,774],{"href":53676},[15,62357,54036],{},[52,62359,1518],{"id":1517},[258,62361,1522,62363,55237],{"id":62362},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62364,53115],{},[20,62366,62367,62368,103],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62369,3528],{},[258,62371,4934,62373,798,62375,2228],{"id":62372},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62374,53214],{},[15,62376,52420],{},[20,62378,62379,62381,62382,62384],{},[15,62380,53214],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62383,52420],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[258,62386,28094,62388,62390],{"id":62387},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62389,53214],{}," with a string?",[20,62392,62393],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[258,62395,28094,62397,62399],{"id":62396},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62398,53214],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62401,62402],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[258,62404,62406,62407,2228],{"id":62405},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62408,53214],{},[20,62410,62411,62412,62414],{},"You get a ",[15,62413,2746],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[52,62416,1620],{"id":1619},[33,62418,62419,62425,62429,62433,62437,62443,62447],{},[36,62420,62421],{},[200,62422,55288,62423,774],{"href":56537},[15,62424,52420],{},[36,62426,62427],{},[200,62428,54046],{"href":52816},[36,62430,62431],{},[200,62432,56997],{"href":56922},[36,62434,62435],{},[200,62436,52539],{"href":50746},[36,62438,62439],{},[200,62440,55288,62441,774],{"href":53676},[15,62442,54036],{},[36,62444,62445],{},[200,62446,62055],{"href":52367},[36,62448,62449],{},[200,62450,55288,62451,774],{"href":54728},[15,62452,12539],{},[20,62454,62455,62456,62458,62459,62461],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62457,52420],{},", when to use ",[15,62460,54036],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1651,62463,62464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":62466},[62467,62468,62470,62471,62472,62479,62486,62487,62495,62497,62509],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":60865,"depth":91,"text":62469},"What list.extend() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":60945,"depth":91,"text":60946},{"id":61082,"depth":91,"text":62473,"children":62474},"extend() vs append()",[62475,62477],{"id":61096,"depth":134,"text":62476},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61159,"depth":134,"text":62478},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61245,"depth":91,"text":62480,"children":62481},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62482,62483,62484,62485],{"id":61256,"depth":134,"text":61257},{"id":61320,"depth":134,"text":61321},{"id":61386,"depth":134,"text":61387},{"id":61460,"depth":134,"text":61461},{"id":61520,"depth":91,"text":61521},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":62488},[62489,62491,62493,62494],{"id":61732,"depth":134,"text":62490},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61805,"depth":134,"text":62492},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61877,"depth":134,"text":61878},{"id":62006,"depth":134,"text":62007},{"id":62249,"depth":91,"text":62496},"When to use extend()",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":62498},[62499,62501,62503,62505,62507],{"id":62362,"depth":134,"text":62500},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62372,"depth":134,"text":62502},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62387,"depth":134,"text":62504},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62396,"depth":134,"text":62506},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62405,"depth":134,"text":62508},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60769,"description":62510},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62517,"title":62518,"body":62519,"description":64609,"extension":1694,"meta":64610,"navigation":338,"path":64611,"seo":64612,"stem":64613,"__hash__":64614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62520,"toc":64572},[62521,62524,62529,62535,62546,62552,62554,62623,62625,62674,62682,62686,62691,62694,62705,62710,62712,62714,62735,62748,62751,62764,62766,62771,62796,62798,62806,62809,62878,62880,62904,62910,62914,62918,62954,62956,62976,62983,62987,63020,63022,63056,63061,63065,63098,63100,63128,63136,63140,63177,63179,63200,63203,63207,63276,63278,63302,63308,63315,63319,63322,63324,63338,63341,63365,63367,63392,63395,63414,63416,63442,63451,63455,63462,63539,63541,63582,63588,63594,63685,63687,63743,63746,63751,63755,63760,63764,63823,63825,63850,63854,63917,63919,63944,63948,64011,64013,64056,64059,64063,64067,64089,64093,64175,64177,64212,64220,64222,64226,64230,64232,64259,64264,64266,64293,64299,64302,64325,64327,64376,64379,64382,64401,64405,64408,64459,64462,64468,64472,64477,64480,64482,64488,64497,64501,64507,64511,64514,64518,64521,64525,64531,64533,64569],[10,62522,62518],{"id":62523},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62525,8883,62526,62528],{},[15,62527,24546],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62530,62531,62532,62534],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62533,24546],{}," for two main reasons:",[33,62536,62537,62540],{},[36,62538,62539],{},"to make an empty list",[36,62541,62542,62543,62545],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62544,59767],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62547,62548,62549,62551],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62550,24546],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[52,62553,55],{"id":54},[57,62555,62557],{"className":59,"code":62556,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62558,62559,62581,62599,62603,62613],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62560,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62562,3365],{"class":72},[66,62564,77],{"class":76},[66,62566,22324],{"class":2641},[66,62568,5264],{"class":102},[66,62570,2729],{"class":478},[66,62572,121],{"class":102},[66,62574,561],{"class":478},[66,62576,121],{"class":102},[66,62578,2186],{"class":478},[66,62580,1330],{"class":102},[66,62582,62583,62585,62587,62589,62591,62593,62595,62597],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62584,35857],{"class":72},[66,62586,77],{"class":76},[66,62588,22324],{"class":2641},[66,62590,110],{"class":102},[66,62592,113],{"class":80},[66,62594,41327],{"class":84},[66,62596,113],{"class":80},[66,62598,131],{"class":102},[66,62600,62601],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,62602,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,62604,62605,62607,62609,62611],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,62606,138],{"class":137},[66,62608,110],{"class":102},[66,62610,3397],{"class":106},[66,62612,131],{"class":102},[66,62614,62615,62617,62619,62621],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,62616,138],{"class":137},[66,62618,110],{"class":102},[66,62620,35910],{"class":106},[66,62622,131],{"class":102},[20,62624,148],{},[57,62626,62628],{"className":59,"code":62627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62629,62630,62646],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62631,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640,62642,62644],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62633,3652],{"class":102},[66,62635,2729],{"class":478},[66,62637,121],{"class":102},[66,62639,561],{"class":478},[66,62641,121],{"class":102},[66,62643,2186],{"class":478},[66,62645,3383],{"class":102},[66,62647,62648,62650,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664,62666,62668,62670,62672],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62649,3652],{"class":102},[66,62651,3044],{"class":80},[66,62653,200],{"class":84},[66,62655,3044],{"class":80},[66,62657,121],{"class":102},[66,62659,3039],{"class":80},[66,62661,4514],{"class":84},[66,62663,3044],{"class":80},[66,62665,121],{"class":102},[66,62667,3039],{"class":80},[66,62669,9501],{"class":84},[66,62671,3044],{"class":80},[66,62673,3383],{"class":102},[20,62675,160,62676,62678,62679,62681],{},[15,62677,24546],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62680,59767],{},", set, or dictionary.",[52,62683,62685],{"id":62684},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62687,62688,62690],{},[15,62689,24546],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62692,62693],{},"It can:",[33,62695,62696,62699,62702],{},[36,62697,62698],{},"create a new list object",[36,62700,62701],{},"make an empty list",[36,62703,62704],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62706,62707,62708,103],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[200,62709,52539],{"href":50746},[52,62711,1891],{"id":1890},[20,62713,26252],{},[57,62715,62717],{"className":59,"code":62716,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62718,62719,62725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62720,62721,62723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62722,7851],{"class":2641},[66,62724,8402],{"class":102},[66,62726,62727,62729,62731,62733],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62728,7851],{"class":2641},[66,62730,110],{"class":102},[66,62732,3470],{"class":106},[66,62734,131],{"class":102},[33,62736,62737,62742],{},[36,62738,62739,62741],{},[15,62740,24546],{}," makes an empty list",[36,62743,62744,62747],{},[15,62745,62746],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62749,62750],{},"Common iterable values include:",[33,62752,62753,62755,62757,62759,62762],{},[36,62754,5064],{},[36,62756,5058],{},[36,62758,5061],{},[36,62760,62761],{},"ranges",[36,62763,7006],{},[52,62765,59389],{"id":59388},[20,62767,160,62768,62770],{},[15,62769,24546],{}," with no arguments:",[57,62772,62774],{"className":59,"code":62773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62775,62776,62786],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62777,62778,62780,62782,62784],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62779,7535],{"class":72},[66,62781,77],{"class":76},[66,62783,22324],{"class":2641},[66,62785,8402],{"class":102},[66,62787,62788,62790,62792,62794],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62789,138],{"class":137},[66,62791,110],{"class":102},[66,62793,7566],{"class":106},[66,62795,131],{"class":102},[20,62797,148],{},[57,62799,62800],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,62801,62802],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62803,62804],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62805,38063],{"class":102},[20,62807,62808],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[57,62810,62812],{"className":59,"code":62811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62813,62814,62824,62828,62846,62864,62868],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62815,62816,62818,62820,62822],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62817,7535],{"class":72},[66,62819,77],{"class":76},[66,62821,22324],{"class":2641},[66,62823,8402],{"class":102},[66,62825,62826],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62827,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,62829,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,62831,7566],{"class":72},[66,62833,103],{"class":102},[66,62835,13314],{"class":106},[66,62837,110],{"class":102},[66,62839,113],{"class":80},[66,62841,3832],{"class":84},[66,62843,113],{"class":80},[66,62845,131],{"class":102},[66,62847,62848,62850,62852,62854,62856,62858,62860,62862],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,62849,7566],{"class":72},[66,62851,103],{"class":102},[66,62853,13314],{"class":106},[66,62855,110],{"class":102},[66,62857,113],{"class":80},[66,62859,627],{"class":84},[66,62861,113],{"class":80},[66,62863,131],{"class":102},[66,62865,62866],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,62867,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,62869,62870,62872,62874,62876],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,62871,138],{"class":137},[66,62873,110],{"class":102},[66,62875,7566],{"class":106},[66,62877,131],{"class":102},[20,62879,148],{},[57,62881,62882],{"className":59,"code":38189,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,62883,62884],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62885,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62887,3652],{"class":102},[66,62889,3044],{"class":80},[66,62891,3832],{"class":84},[66,62893,3044],{"class":80},[66,62895,121],{"class":102},[66,62897,3039],{"class":80},[66,62899,627],{"class":84},[66,62901,3044],{"class":80},[66,62903,3383],{"class":102},[20,62905,62906,62907,62909],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62908,3537],{},". Both are valid.",[52,62911,62913],{"id":62912},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[258,62915,62917],{"id":62916},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[57,62919,62920],{"className":59,"code":59687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,62921,62922,62944],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62923,62924,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62925,3365],{"class":72},[66,62927,77],{"class":76},[66,62929,22324],{"class":2641},[66,62931,5264],{"class":102},[66,62933,2729],{"class":478},[66,62935,121],{"class":102},[66,62937,561],{"class":478},[66,62939,121],{"class":102},[66,62941,2186],{"class":478},[66,62943,1330],{"class":102},[66,62945,62946,62948,62950,62952],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,62947,138],{"class":137},[66,62949,110],{"class":102},[66,62951,3397],{"class":106},[66,62953,131],{"class":102},[20,62955,148],{},[57,62957,62958],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,62959,62960],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62961,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972,62974],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62963,3652],{"class":102},[66,62965,2729],{"class":478},[66,62967,121],{"class":102},[66,62969,561],{"class":478},[66,62971,121],{"class":102},[66,62973,2186],{"class":478},[66,62975,3383],{"class":102},[20,62977,62978,62979,103],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[200,62980,62982],{"href":62981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[258,62984,62986],{"id":62985},"string-to-list","String to list",[57,62988,62990],{"className":59,"code":62989,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62991,62992,63010],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62993,62994,62996,62998,63000,63002,63004,63006,63008],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62995,35857],{"class":72},[66,62997,77],{"class":76},[66,62999,22324],{"class":2641},[66,63001,110],{"class":102},[66,63003,113],{"class":80},[66,63005,462],{"class":84},[66,63007,113],{"class":80},[66,63009,131],{"class":102},[66,63011,63012,63014,63016,63018],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63013,138],{"class":137},[66,63015,110],{"class":102},[66,63017,35910],{"class":106},[66,63019,131],{"class":102},[20,63021,148],{},[57,63023,63025],{"className":59,"code":63024,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63026,63027],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63028,63029,63031,63033,63035,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63052,63054],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63030,3652],{"class":102},[66,63032,3044],{"class":80},[66,63034,9501],{"class":84},[66,63036,3044],{"class":80},[66,63038,121],{"class":102},[66,63040,3039],{"class":80},[66,63042,200],{"class":84},[66,63044,3044],{"class":80},[66,63046,121],{"class":102},[66,63048,3039],{"class":80},[66,63050,63051],{"class":84},"t",[66,63053,3044],{"class":80},[66,63055,3383],{"class":102},[20,63057,63058,63060],{},[15,63059,24546],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[258,63062,63064],{"id":63063},"range-to-list","Range to list",[57,63066,63068],{"className":59,"code":63067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63069,63070,63088],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63071,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082,63084,63086],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63073,3365],{"class":72},[66,63075,77],{"class":76},[66,63077,22324],{"class":2641},[66,63079,110],{"class":102},[66,63081,59767],{"class":137},[66,63083,110],{"class":102},[66,63085,1869],{"class":478},[66,63087,1330],{"class":102},[66,63089,63090,63092,63094,63096],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63091,138],{"class":137},[66,63093,110],{"class":102},[66,63095,3397],{"class":106},[66,63097,131],{"class":102},[20,63099,148],{},[57,63101,63102],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63103,63104],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63105,63106,63108,63110,63112,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63107,3652],{"class":102},[66,63109,1852],{"class":478},[66,63111,121],{"class":102},[66,63113,479],{"class":478},[66,63115,121],{"class":102},[66,63117,561],{"class":478},[66,63119,121],{"class":102},[66,63121,2186],{"class":478},[66,63123,121],{"class":102},[66,63125,2192],{"class":478},[66,63127,3383],{"class":102},[20,63129,63130,63131,63135],{},"This is common when working with ",[200,63132,63133],{"href":35962},[15,63134,35965],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[258,63137,63139],{"id":63138},"set-to-list","Set to list",[57,63141,63143],{"className":59,"code":63142,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63144,63145,63167],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63146,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63148,3573],{"class":72},[66,63150,77],{"class":76},[66,63152,22324],{"class":2641},[66,63154,5283],{"class":102},[66,63156,2064],{"class":478},[66,63158,121],{"class":102},[66,63160,7546],{"class":478},[66,63162,121],{"class":102},[66,63164,7551],{"class":478},[66,63166,30263],{"class":102},[66,63168,63169,63171,63173,63175],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63170,138],{"class":137},[66,63172,110],{"class":102},[66,63174,5114],{"class":106},[66,63176,131],{"class":102},[20,63178,16721],{},[57,63180,63182],{"className":59,"code":63181,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63183,63184],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63185,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194,63196,63198],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63187,3652],{"class":102},[66,63189,2064],{"class":478},[66,63191,121],{"class":102},[66,63193,7546],{"class":478},[66,63195,121],{"class":102},[66,63197,7551],{"class":478},[66,63199,3383],{"class":102},[20,63201,63202],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[258,63204,63206],{"id":63205},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[57,63208,63210],{"className":59,"code":63209,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63211,63212,63248,63262,63266],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63213,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63215,12965],{"class":72},[66,63217,77],{"class":76},[66,63219,10253],{"class":102},[66,63221,113],{"class":80},[66,63223,7423],{"class":84},[66,63225,113],{"class":80},[66,63227,1111],{"class":102},[66,63229,81],{"class":80},[66,63231,12643],{"class":84},[66,63233,113],{"class":80},[66,63235,121],{"class":102},[66,63237,81],{"class":80},[66,63239,9060],{"class":84},[66,63241,113],{"class":80},[66,63243,1111],{"class":102},[66,63245,9067],{"class":478},[66,63247,9070],{"class":102},[66,63249,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63251,447],{"class":72},[66,63253,77],{"class":76},[66,63255,22324],{"class":2641},[66,63257,110],{"class":102},[66,63259,17070],{"class":106},[66,63261,131],{"class":102},[66,63263,63264],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,63265,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,63267,63268,63270,63272,63274],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,63269,138],{"class":137},[66,63271,110],{"class":102},[66,63273,494],{"class":106},[66,63275,131],{"class":102},[20,63277,148],{},[57,63279,63280],{"className":59,"code":25246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63281,63282],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63283,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63285,3652],{"class":102},[66,63287,3044],{"class":80},[66,63289,7423],{"class":84},[66,63291,3044],{"class":80},[66,63293,121],{"class":102},[66,63295,3039],{"class":80},[66,63297,9060],{"class":84},[66,63299,3044],{"class":80},[66,63301,3383],{"class":102},[20,63303,63304,63305,63307],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63306,24546],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63309,63310,63311,103],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[200,63312,63314],{"href":63313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[52,63316,63318],{"id":63317},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63320,63321],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63323,60920],{},[33,63325,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336],{},[36,63327,5055],{},[36,63329,5058],{},[36,63331,5064],{},[36,63333,5061],{},[36,63335,62761],{},[36,63337,7006],{},[20,63339,63340],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[57,63342,63344],{"className":59,"code":63343,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63345,63346],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63347,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358,63361,63363],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63349,138],{"class":137},[66,63351,110],{"class":102},[66,63353,7851],{"class":2641},[66,63355,110],{"class":102},[66,63357,113],{"class":80},[66,63359,63360],{"class":84},"hi",[66,63362,113],{"class":80},[66,63364,1330],{"class":102},[20,63366,148],{},[57,63368,63370],{"className":59,"code":63369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63371,63372],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63373,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63375,3652],{"class":102},[66,63377,3044],{"class":80},[66,63379,60206],{"class":84},[66,63381,3044],{"class":80},[66,63383,121],{"class":102},[66,63385,3039],{"class":80},[66,63387,35921],{"class":84},[66,63389,3044],{"class":80},[66,63391,3383],{"class":102},[20,63393,63394],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[57,63396,63398],{"className":59,"code":63397,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63399,63400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63401,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63403,138],{"class":137},[66,63405,110],{"class":102},[66,63407,7851],{"class":2641},[66,63409,110],{"class":102},[66,63411,1869],{"class":478},[66,63413,1330],{"class":102},[20,63415,148],{},[57,63417,63419],{"className":59,"code":63418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63420,63421],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63422,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63424,2746],{"class":2641},[66,63426,1111],{"class":102},[66,63428,3039],{"class":80},[66,63430,1922],{"class":84},[66,63432,3044],{"class":80},[66,63434,24382],{"class":2641},[66,63436,7854],{"class":76},[66,63438,7857],{"class":76},[66,63440,63441],{"class":72}," iterable\n",[20,63443,63444,63445,63447,63448,103],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[200,63446,4891],{"href":5340},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[200,63449,63450],{"href":52367},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[52,63452,63454],{"id":63453},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63456,63457,63458,63461],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63459,63460],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[57,63463,63465],{"className":59,"code":63464,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63466,63467,63487,63501,63505,63515,63525],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63468,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63470,11848],{"class":72},[66,63472,77],{"class":76},[66,63474,3370],{"class":102},[66,63476,2729],{"class":478},[66,63478,121],{"class":102},[66,63480,561],{"class":478},[66,63482,121],{"class":102},[66,63484,2186],{"class":478},[66,63486,3383],{"class":102},[66,63488,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63490,14073],{"class":72},[66,63492,77],{"class":76},[66,63494,22324],{"class":2641},[66,63496,110],{"class":102},[66,63498,11895],{"class":106},[66,63500,131],{"class":102},[66,63502,63503],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,63504,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,63506,63507,63509,63511,63513],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,63508,138],{"class":137},[66,63510,110],{"class":102},[66,63512,11895],{"class":106},[66,63514,131],{"class":102},[66,63516,63517,63519,63521,63523],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,63518,138],{"class":137},[66,63520,110],{"class":102},[66,63522,14092],{"class":106},[66,63524,131],{"class":102},[66,63526,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,63528,138],{"class":137},[66,63530,110],{"class":102},[66,63532,11848],{"class":106},[66,63534,11956],{"class":3627},[66,63536,14146],{"class":106},[66,63538,131],{"class":102},[20,63540,148],{},[57,63542,63544],{"className":59,"code":63543,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63545,63546,63562,63578],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63547,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63549,3652],{"class":102},[66,63551,2729],{"class":478},[66,63553,121],{"class":102},[66,63555,561],{"class":478},[66,63557,121],{"class":102},[66,63559,2186],{"class":478},[66,63561,3383],{"class":102},[66,63563,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63565,3652],{"class":102},[66,63567,2729],{"class":478},[66,63569,121],{"class":102},[66,63571,561],{"class":478},[66,63573,121],{"class":102},[66,63575,2186],{"class":478},[66,63577,3383],{"class":102},[66,63579,63580],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,63581,3793],{"class":3602},[20,63583,63584,63585,63587],{},"This means ",[15,63586,14092],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63589,63590,63591,63593],{},"However, this is only a ",[398,63592,12613],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[57,63595,63597],{"className":59,"code":63596,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63598,63599,63625,63639,63643,63661,63665,63675],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63600,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63602,11848],{"class":72},[66,63604,77],{"class":76},[66,63606,56062],{"class":102},[66,63608,2729],{"class":478},[66,63610,121],{"class":102},[66,63612,561],{"class":478},[66,63614,17824],{"class":102},[66,63616,3370],{"class":102},[66,63618,1794],{"class":478},[66,63620,121],{"class":102},[66,63622,2192],{"class":478},[66,63624,53010],{"class":102},[66,63626,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63628,14073],{"class":72},[66,63630,77],{"class":76},[66,63632,22324],{"class":2641},[66,63634,110],{"class":102},[66,63636,11895],{"class":106},[66,63638,131],{"class":102},[66,63640,63641],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,63642,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,63644,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,63646,14092],{"class":72},[66,63648,3652],{"class":102},[66,63650,1852],{"class":478},[66,63652,13311],{"class":102},[66,63654,13314],{"class":106},[66,63656,110],{"class":102},[66,63658,56115],{"class":478},[66,63660,131],{"class":102},[66,63662,63663],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,63664,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,63666,63667,63669,63671,63673],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,63668,138],{"class":137},[66,63670,110],{"class":102},[66,63672,11895],{"class":106},[66,63674,131],{"class":102},[66,63676,63677,63679,63681,63683],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,63678,138],{"class":137},[66,63680,110],{"class":102},[66,63682,14092],{"class":106},[66,63684,131],{"class":102},[20,63686,148],{},[57,63688,63689],{"className":59,"code":56146,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63690,63691,63717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63692,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63694,56153],{"class":102},[66,63696,2729],{"class":478},[66,63698,121],{"class":102},[66,63700,561],{"class":478},[66,63702,121],{"class":102},[66,63704,9959],{"class":478},[66,63706,17824],{"class":102},[66,63708,3370],{"class":102},[66,63710,1794],{"class":478},[66,63712,121],{"class":102},[66,63714,2192],{"class":478},[66,63716,53010],{"class":102},[66,63718,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63720,56153],{"class":102},[66,63722,2729],{"class":478},[66,63724,121],{"class":102},[66,63726,561],{"class":478},[66,63728,121],{"class":102},[66,63730,9959],{"class":478},[66,63732,17824],{"class":102},[66,63734,3370],{"class":102},[66,63736,1794],{"class":478},[66,63738,121],{"class":102},[66,63740,2192],{"class":478},[66,63742,53010],{"class":102},[20,63744,63745],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63747,63748,63749,103],{},"For more on this, see ",[200,63750,13552],{"href":13551},[52,63752,63754],{"id":63753},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63756,63757,63758,103],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63759,24546],{},[258,63761,63763],{"id":63762},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[57,63765,63767],{"className":59,"code":63766,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63768,63769,63809],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63770,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63772,12626],{"class":72},[66,63774,77],{"class":76},[66,63776,10253],{"class":102},[66,63778,113],{"class":80},[66,63780,7423],{"class":84},[66,63782,113],{"class":80},[66,63784,1111],{"class":102},[66,63786,81],{"class":80},[66,63788,7678],{"class":84},[66,63790,113],{"class":80},[66,63792,121],{"class":102},[66,63794,81],{"class":80},[66,63796,19654],{"class":84},[66,63798,113],{"class":80},[66,63800,1111],{"class":102},[66,63802,81],{"class":80},[66,63804,22009],{"class":84},[66,63806,113],{"class":80},[66,63808,9070],{"class":102},[66,63810,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63812,138],{"class":137},[66,63814,110],{"class":102},[66,63816,7851],{"class":2641},[66,63818,110],{"class":102},[66,63820,13387],{"class":106},[66,63822,1330],{"class":102},[20,63824,148],{},[57,63826,63828],{"className":59,"code":63827,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63829,63830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63831,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63833,3652],{"class":102},[66,63835,3044],{"class":80},[66,63837,7423],{"class":84},[66,63839,3044],{"class":80},[66,63841,121],{"class":102},[66,63843,3039],{"class":80},[66,63845,19654],{"class":84},[66,63847,3044],{"class":80},[66,63849,3383],{"class":102},[258,63851,63853],{"id":63852},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[57,63855,63857],{"className":59,"code":63856,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63858,63859,63899],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63860,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63862,12626],{"class":72},[66,63864,77],{"class":76},[66,63866,10253],{"class":102},[66,63868,113],{"class":80},[66,63870,7423],{"class":84},[66,63872,113],{"class":80},[66,63874,1111],{"class":102},[66,63876,81],{"class":80},[66,63878,7678],{"class":84},[66,63880,113],{"class":80},[66,63882,121],{"class":102},[66,63884,81],{"class":80},[66,63886,19654],{"class":84},[66,63888,113],{"class":80},[66,63890,1111],{"class":102},[66,63892,81],{"class":80},[66,63894,22009],{"class":84},[66,63896,113],{"class":80},[66,63898,9070],{"class":102},[66,63900,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63902,138],{"class":137},[66,63904,110],{"class":102},[66,63906,7851],{"class":2641},[66,63908,110],{"class":102},[66,63910,13387],{"class":106},[66,63912,103],{"class":102},[66,63914,5114],{"class":106},[66,63916,6042],{"class":102},[20,63918,148],{},[57,63920,63922],{"className":59,"code":63921,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63923,63924],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63925,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63927,3652],{"class":102},[66,63929,3044],{"class":80},[66,63931,7678],{"class":84},[66,63933,3044],{"class":80},[66,63935,121],{"class":102},[66,63937,3039],{"class":80},[66,63939,22009],{"class":84},[66,63941,3044],{"class":80},[66,63943,3383],{"class":102},[258,63945,63947],{"id":63946},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[57,63949,63951],{"className":59,"code":63950,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63952,63953,63993],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63956,12626],{"class":72},[66,63958,77],{"class":76},[66,63960,10253],{"class":102},[66,63962,113],{"class":80},[66,63964,7423],{"class":84},[66,63966,113],{"class":80},[66,63968,1111],{"class":102},[66,63970,81],{"class":80},[66,63972,7678],{"class":84},[66,63974,113],{"class":80},[66,63976,121],{"class":102},[66,63978,81],{"class":80},[66,63980,19654],{"class":84},[66,63982,113],{"class":80},[66,63984,1111],{"class":102},[66,63986,81],{"class":80},[66,63988,22009],{"class":84},[66,63990,113],{"class":80},[66,63992,9070],{"class":102},[66,63994,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,63996,138],{"class":137},[66,63998,110],{"class":102},[66,64000,7851],{"class":2641},[66,64002,110],{"class":102},[66,64004,13387],{"class":106},[66,64006,103],{"class":102},[66,64008,7566],{"class":106},[66,64010,6042],{"class":102},[20,64012,148],{},[57,64014,64016],{"className":59,"code":64015,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64017,64018],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64019,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052,64054],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64021,21504],{"class":102},[66,64023,3044],{"class":80},[66,64025,7423],{"class":84},[66,64027,3044],{"class":80},[66,64029,121],{"class":102},[66,64031,3039],{"class":80},[66,64033,7678],{"class":84},[66,64035,3044],{"class":80},[66,64037,8994],{"class":102},[66,64039,8997],{"class":102},[66,64041,3044],{"class":80},[66,64043,19654],{"class":84},[66,64045,3044],{"class":80},[66,64047,121],{"class":102},[66,64049,3039],{"class":80},[66,64051,22009],{"class":84},[66,64053,3044],{"class":80},[66,64055,9010],{"class":102},[20,64057,64058],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[52,64060,64062],{"id":64061},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64064,160,64065,10364],{},[15,64066,24546],{},[33,64068,64069,64077,64086],{},[36,64070,64071,64072,2617,64074],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64073,52420],{},[15,64075,64076],{},"sort()",[36,64078,64079,64080,2617,64082,64085],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64081,35965],{},[15,64083,64084],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[36,64087,64088],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64090,45807,64091,1111],{},[15,64092,64084],{},[57,64094,64096],{"className":59,"code":64095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64097,64098,64122,64138,64142,64165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64099,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64101,4749],{"class":72},[66,64103,77],{"class":76},[66,64105,3370],{"class":102},[66,64107,113],{"class":80},[66,64109,12643],{"class":84},[66,64111,113],{"class":80},[66,64113,121],{"class":102},[66,64115,81],{"class":80},[66,64117,35707],{"class":84},[66,64119,113],{"class":80},[66,64121,3383],{"class":102},[66,64123,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,64125,4818],{"class":72},[66,64127,77],{"class":76},[66,64129,3370],{"class":102},[66,64131,13263],{"class":478},[66,64133,121],{"class":102},[66,64135,13268],{"class":478},[66,64137,3383],{"class":102},[66,64139,64140],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,64141,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,64143,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,64145,8976],{"class":72},[66,64147,77],{"class":76},[66,64149,22324],{"class":2641},[66,64151,110],{"class":102},[66,64153,64154],{"class":137},"zip",[66,64156,110],{"class":102},[66,64158,4793],{"class":106},[66,64160,121],{"class":102},[66,64162,4865],{"class":106},[66,64164,1330],{"class":102},[66,64166,64167,64169,64171,64173],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,64168,138],{"class":137},[66,64170,110],{"class":102},[66,64172,9023],{"class":106},[66,64174,131],{"class":102},[20,64176,148],{},[57,64178,64180],{"className":59,"code":64179,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64181,64182],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64183,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64185,21504],{"class":102},[66,64187,3044],{"class":80},[66,64189,12643],{"class":84},[66,64191,3044],{"class":80},[66,64193,121],{"class":102},[66,64195,19661],{"class":478},[66,64197,8994],{"class":102},[66,64199,8997],{"class":102},[66,64201,3044],{"class":80},[66,64203,35707],{"class":84},[66,64205,3044],{"class":80},[66,64207,121],{"class":102},[66,64209,13268],{"class":478},[66,64211,9010],{"class":102},[20,64213,64214,64215,64217,64218,103],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64216,52420],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[200,64219,52817],{"href":52816},[52,64221,1105],{"id":1104},[20,64223,56544,64224,103],{},[15,64225,24546],{},[258,64227,64229],{"id":64228},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64231,4277],{},[57,64233,64235],{"className":59,"code":64234,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64236,64237,64241],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64238,64239],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64240,4287],{"class":3413},[66,64242,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,64244,7851],{"class":2641},[66,64246,110],{"class":102},[66,64248,2729],{"class":478},[66,64250,121],{"class":102},[66,64252,561],{"class":478},[66,64254,121],{"class":102},[66,64256,2186],{"class":478},[66,64258,131],{"class":102},[20,64260,64261,64263],{},[15,64262,24546],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64265,18457],{},[57,64267,64269],{"className":59,"code":64268,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64270,64271],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64272,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64274,138],{"class":137},[66,64276,110],{"class":102},[66,64278,7851],{"class":2641},[66,64280,5264],{"class":102},[66,64282,2729],{"class":478},[66,64284,121],{"class":102},[66,64286,561],{"class":478},[66,64288,121],{"class":102},[66,64290,2186],{"class":478},[66,64292,2652],{"class":102},[258,64294,64296,64297],{"id":64295},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[66,64298,1347],{},[20,64300,64301],{},"This is a common surprise:",[57,64303,64305],{"className":59,"code":64304,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64306,64307],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64308,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64310,138],{"class":137},[66,64312,110],{"class":102},[66,64314,7851],{"class":2641},[66,64316,110],{"class":102},[66,64318,113],{"class":80},[66,64320,939],{"class":84},[66,64322,113],{"class":80},[66,64324,1330],{"class":102},[20,64326,148],{},[57,64328,64330],{"className":59,"code":64329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64331,64332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64333,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64335,3652],{"class":102},[66,64337,3044],{"class":80},[66,64339,60206],{"class":84},[66,64341,3044],{"class":80},[66,64343,121],{"class":102},[66,64345,3039],{"class":80},[66,64347,60215],{"class":84},[66,64349,3044],{"class":80},[66,64351,121],{"class":102},[66,64353,3039],{"class":80},[66,64355,60224],{"class":84},[66,64357,3044],{"class":80},[66,64359,121],{"class":102},[66,64361,3039],{"class":80},[66,64363,60224],{"class":84},[66,64365,3044],{"class":80},[66,64367,121],{"class":102},[66,64369,3039],{"class":80},[66,64371,656],{"class":84},[66,64373,3044],{"class":80},[66,64375,3383],{"class":102},[20,64377,64378],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64380,64381],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[57,64383,64385],{"className":59,"code":64384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64386,64387],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64388,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64390,138],{"class":137},[66,64392,2726],{"class":102},[66,64394,113],{"class":80},[66,64396,939],{"class":84},[66,64398,113],{"class":80},[66,64400,3640],{"class":102},[258,64402,64404],{"id":64403},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64406,64407],{},"This:",[57,64409,64411],{"className":59,"code":64410,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64412,64413,64445],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64414,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64416,8926],{"class":72},[66,64418,77],{"class":76},[66,64420,10253],{"class":102},[66,64422,113],{"class":80},[66,64424,200],{"class":84},[66,64426,113],{"class":80},[66,64428,1111],{"class":102},[66,64430,479],{"class":478},[66,64432,121],{"class":102},[66,64434,81],{"class":80},[66,64436,4514],{"class":84},[66,64438,113],{"class":80},[66,64440,1111],{"class":102},[66,64442,561],{"class":478},[66,64444,9070],{"class":102},[66,64446,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,64448,138],{"class":137},[66,64450,110],{"class":102},[66,64452,7851],{"class":2641},[66,64454,110],{"class":102},[66,64456,8965],{"class":106},[66,64458,1330],{"class":102},[20,64460,64461],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64463,160,64464,64467],{},[15,64465,64466],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[258,64469,64471],{"id":64470},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64473,64474,64476],{},[15,64475,24546],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64478,64479],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[52,64481,1518],{"id":1517},[258,64483,4934,64485,64487],{"id":64484},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[66,64486],{}," and list()?",[20,64489,64490,64491,64493,64494,64496],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64492,3537],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64495,24546],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[258,64498,64500],{"id":64499},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64502,64503,64504,64506],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64505,24546],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[258,64508,64510],{"id":64509},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64512,64513],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[258,64515,64517],{"id":64516},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64519,64520],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[258,64522,64524],{"id":64523},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64526,64527,64528,64530],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64529,24546],{}," cannot loop through it.",[52,64532,1620],{"id":1619},[33,64534,64535,64539,64544,64548,64552,64556,64560,64565],{},[36,64536,64537],{},[200,64538,52539],{"href":50746},[36,64540,64541],{},[200,64542,64543],{"href":35962},"Python range() function explained",[36,64545,64546],{},[200,64547,62982],{"href":62981},[36,64549,64550],{},[200,64551,63314],{"href":63313},[36,64553,64554],{},[200,64555,4971],{"href":5340},[36,64557,64558],{},[200,64559,13552],{"href":13551},[36,64561,64562],{},[200,64563,64564],{"href":52367},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,64566,64567],{},[200,64568,54046],{"href":52816},[1651,64570,64571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":64573},[64574,64575,64576,64577,64578,64585,64586,64587,64592,64593,64600,64608],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":62684,"depth":91,"text":62685},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":59388,"depth":91,"text":59389},{"id":62912,"depth":91,"text":62913,"children":64579},[64580,64581,64582,64583,64584],{"id":62916,"depth":134,"text":62917},{"id":62985,"depth":134,"text":62986},{"id":63063,"depth":134,"text":63064},{"id":63138,"depth":134,"text":63139},{"id":63205,"depth":134,"text":63206},{"id":63317,"depth":91,"text":63318},{"id":63453,"depth":91,"text":63454},{"id":63753,"depth":91,"text":63754,"children":64588},[64589,64590,64591],{"id":63762,"depth":134,"text":63763},{"id":63852,"depth":134,"text":63853},{"id":63946,"depth":134,"text":63947},{"id":64061,"depth":91,"text":64062},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":64594},[64595,64596,64598,64599],{"id":64228,"depth":134,"text":64229},{"id":64295,"depth":134,"text":64597},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64403,"depth":134,"text":64404},{"id":64470,"depth":134,"text":64471},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":64601},[64602,64604,64605,64606,64607],{"id":64484,"depth":134,"text":64603},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64499,"depth":134,"text":64500},{"id":64509,"depth":134,"text":64510},{"id":64516,"depth":134,"text":64517},{"id":64523,"depth":134,"text":64524},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62518,"description":64609},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64616,"title":64617,"body":64618,"description":65969,"extension":1694,"meta":65970,"navigation":338,"path":65971,"seo":65972,"stem":65973,"__hash__":65974},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64619,"toc":65943},[64620,64625,64631,64640,64642,64715,64724,64729,64733,64749,64753,64755,64757,64776,64779,64807,64810,64835,64843,64845,64850,64857,64859,64916,64918,64926,64932,64936,64939,65012,65014,65022,65025,65048,65055,65061,65065,65071,65142,65144,65152,65161,65168,65175,65183,65327,65329,65346,65349,65388,65391,65395,65400,65402,65461,65467,65470,65577,65579,65594,65597,65604,65606,65610,65758,65761,65822,65825,65828,65849,65854,65858,65869,65872,65874,65879,65882,65890,65895,65901,65904,65910,65918,65920,65940],[10,64621,54110,64623,18],{"id":64622},"python-list-index-method",[15,64624,58736],{},[20,64626,64627,64630],{},[15,64628,64629],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64632,64633,64634,64637,64638,103],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[398,64635,64636],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64639,40471],{},[52,64641,3355],{"id":3354},[57,64643,64645],{"className":59,"code":64644,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64646,64647,64679,64702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64648,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64650,7535],{"class":72},[66,64652,77],{"class":76},[66,64654,3370],{"class":102},[66,64656,113],{"class":80},[66,64658,3832],{"class":84},[66,64660,113],{"class":80},[66,64662,121],{"class":102},[66,64664,81],{"class":80},[66,64666,627],{"class":84},[66,64668,113],{"class":80},[66,64670,121],{"class":102},[66,64672,81],{"class":80},[66,64674,3849],{"class":84},[66,64676,113],{"class":80},[66,64678,3383],{"class":102},[66,64680,64681,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,64682,64683],{"class":72},"position ",[66,64685,77],{"class":76},[66,64687,5718],{"class":72},[66,64689,103],{"class":102},[66,64691,35612],{"class":106},[66,64693,110],{"class":102},[66,64695,113],{"class":80},[66,64697,627],{"class":84},[66,64699,113],{"class":80},[66,64701,131],{"class":102},[66,64703,64704,64706,64708,64711,64713],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,64705,138],{"class":137},[66,64707,110],{"class":102},[66,64709,64710],{"class":106},"position",[66,64712,3410],{"class":102},[66,64714,27545],{"class":3413},[20,64716,160,64717,64720,64721,64723],{},[15,64718,64719],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64722,40471],{}," if the item is not found.",[52,64725,168,64727,41],{"id":64726},"what-listindex-does",[15,64728,64629],{},[20,64730,64731,1111],{},[15,64732,64629],{},[33,64734,64735,64738,64741,64746],{},[36,64736,64737],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[36,64739,64740],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[36,64742,64743,64744],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64745,1852],{},[36,64747,64748],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64750,54335,64751,103],{},[200,64752,52539],{"href":54338},[52,64754,1891],{"id":1890},[20,64756,30492],{},[57,64758,64760],{"className":59,"code":64759,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64761,64762],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64765,8097],{"class":72},[66,64767,103],{"class":102},[66,64769,35612],{"class":106},[66,64771,110],{"class":102},[66,64773,2208],{"class":106},[66,64775,131],{"class":102},[20,64777,64778],{},"You can also limit the search:",[57,64780,64782],{"className":59,"code":64781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64783,64784],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64785,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64805],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64787,8097],{"class":72},[66,64789,103],{"class":102},[66,64791,35612],{"class":106},[66,64793,110],{"class":102},[66,64795,2208],{"class":106},[66,64797,121],{"class":102},[66,64799,35818],{"class":106},[66,64801,121],{"class":102},[66,64803,64804],{"class":106}," end",[66,64806,131],{"class":102},[20,64808,64809],{},"Here is what each part means:",[33,64811,64812,64817,64822,64827],{},[36,64813,64814,64816],{},[15,64815,2208],{},": the item to search for",[36,64818,64819,64821],{},[15,64820,35839],{},": where the search begins",[36,64823,64824,64826],{},[15,64825,52428],{},": where the search stops",[36,64828,64829,4537,64831,64834],{},[15,64830,52428],{},[398,64832,64833],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64836,64837,64838,64840,64841,103],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64839,35839],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64842,52428],{},[52,64844,37786],{"id":37785},[20,64846,64847,64849],{},[15,64848,64629],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64851,64852,64853,64856],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[398,64854,64855],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64858,923],{},[57,64860,64862],{"className":59,"code":64861,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64863,64864,64884,64902,64906],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64865,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64867,3365],{"class":72},[66,64869,77],{"class":76},[66,64871,3370],{"class":102},[66,64873,2064],{"class":478},[66,64875,121],{"class":102},[66,64877,7546],{"class":478},[66,64879,121],{"class":102},[66,64881,7551],{"class":478},[66,64883,3383],{"class":102},[66,64885,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,64887,447],{"class":72},[66,64889,77],{"class":76},[66,64891,4016],{"class":72},[66,64893,103],{"class":102},[66,64895,35612],{"class":106},[66,64897,110],{"class":102},[66,64899,15516],{"class":478},[66,64901,131],{"class":102},[66,64903,64904],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,64905,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,64907,64908,64910,64912,64914],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,64909,138],{"class":137},[66,64911,110],{"class":102},[66,64913,494],{"class":106},[66,64915,131],{"class":102},[20,64917,148],{},[57,64919,64920],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,64921,64922],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64923,64924],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64925,46684],{"class":478},[20,64927,64928,64929,64931],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64930,58736],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[52,64933,64935],{"id":64934},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64937,64938],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[57,64940,64942],{"className":59,"code":64941,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64943,64944,64976,64998,65002],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64945,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64947,36006],{"class":72},[66,64949,77],{"class":76},[66,64951,3370],{"class":102},[66,64953,113],{"class":80},[66,64955,3832],{"class":84},[66,64957,113],{"class":80},[66,64959,121],{"class":102},[66,64961,81],{"class":80},[66,64963,627],{"class":84},[66,64965,113],{"class":80},[66,64967,121],{"class":102},[66,64969,81],{"class":80},[66,64971,3849],{"class":84},[66,64973,113],{"class":80},[66,64975,3383],{"class":102},[66,64977,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,64979,64683],{"class":72},[66,64981,77],{"class":76},[66,64983,52619],{"class":72},[66,64985,103],{"class":102},[66,64987,35612],{"class":106},[66,64989,110],{"class":102},[66,64991,113],{"class":80},[66,64993,3849],{"class":84},[66,64995,113],{"class":80},[66,64997,131],{"class":102},[66,64999,65000],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,65001,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,65003,65004,65006,65008,65010],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,65005,138],{"class":137},[66,65007,110],{"class":102},[66,65009,64710],{"class":106},[66,65011,131],{"class":102},[20,65013,148],{},[57,65015,65016],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,65017,65018],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65019,65020],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65021,16819],{"class":478},[20,65023,65024],{},"In this list:",[33,65026,65027,65034,65041],{},[36,65028,65029,65031,65032],{},[15,65030,57602],{}," is at index ",[15,65033,1852],{},[36,65035,65036,65031,65039],{},[15,65037,65038],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65040,2729],{},[36,65042,65043,65031,65046],{},[15,65044,65045],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65047,1788],{},[20,65049,53421,65050,2131,65053,103],{},[15,65051,65052],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65054,1788],{},[20,65056,51310,65057,103],{},[200,65058,65060],{"href":65059},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[52,65062,65064],{"id":65063},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65066,65067,65068,65070],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65069,58736],{}," returns the first match only.",[57,65072,65074],{"className":59,"code":65073,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65075,65076,65116,65120],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65077,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65079,12838],{"class":72},[66,65081,77],{"class":76},[66,65083,3370],{"class":102},[66,65085,113],{"class":80},[66,65087,1392],{"class":84},[66,65089,113],{"class":80},[66,65091,121],{"class":102},[66,65093,81],{"class":80},[66,65095,1401],{"class":84},[66,65097,113],{"class":80},[66,65099,121],{"class":102},[66,65101,81],{"class":80},[66,65103,1392],{"class":84},[66,65105,113],{"class":80},[66,65107,121],{"class":102},[66,65109,81],{"class":80},[66,65111,17217],{"class":84},[66,65113,113],{"class":80},[66,65115,3383],{"class":102},[66,65117,65118],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,65119,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,65121,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,65123,138],{"class":137},[66,65125,110],{"class":102},[66,65127,17264],{"class":106},[66,65129,103],{"class":102},[66,65131,35612],{"class":106},[66,65133,110],{"class":102},[66,65135,113],{"class":80},[66,65137,1392],{"class":84},[66,65139,113],{"class":80},[66,65141,1330],{"class":102},[20,65143,148],{},[57,65145,65146],{"className":59,"code":47019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,65147,65148],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65149,65150],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65151,47019],{"class":478},[20,65153,20741,65154,65157,65158,65160],{},[15,65155,65156],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65159,1852],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65162,65163,65164,103],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[200,65165,55288,65166,774],{"href":58795},[15,65167,57059],{},[52,65169,8176,65171,798,65173],{"id":65170},"using-start-and-end",[15,65172,35839],{},[15,65174,52428],{},[20,65176,65177,65178,798,65180,65182],{},"The optional ",[15,65179,35839],{},[15,65181,52428],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[57,65184,65186],{"className":59,"code":65185,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65187,65188,65236,65240,65265,65294],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65189,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65191,35857],{"class":72},[66,65193,77],{"class":76},[66,65195,3370],{"class":102},[66,65197,113],{"class":80},[66,65199,200],{"class":84},[66,65201,113],{"class":80},[66,65203,121],{"class":102},[66,65205,81],{"class":80},[66,65207,4514],{"class":84},[66,65209,113],{"class":80},[66,65211,121],{"class":102},[66,65213,81],{"class":80},[66,65215,9501],{"class":84},[66,65217,113],{"class":80},[66,65219,121],{"class":102},[66,65221,81],{"class":80},[66,65223,4514],{"class":84},[66,65225,113],{"class":80},[66,65227,121],{"class":102},[66,65229,81],{"class":80},[66,65231,18530],{"class":84},[66,65233,113],{"class":80},[66,65235,3383],{"class":102},[66,65237,65238],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,65239,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,65241,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,65243,138],{"class":137},[66,65245,110],{"class":102},[66,65247,35910],{"class":106},[66,65249,103],{"class":102},[66,65251,35612],{"class":106},[66,65253,110],{"class":102},[66,65255,113],{"class":80},[66,65257,4514],{"class":84},[66,65259,113],{"class":80},[66,65261,5117],{"class":102},[66,65263,65264],{"class":3413},"        # first match\n",[66,65266,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,65268,138],{"class":137},[66,65270,110],{"class":102},[66,65272,35910],{"class":106},[66,65274,103],{"class":102},[66,65276,35612],{"class":106},[66,65278,110],{"class":102},[66,65280,113],{"class":80},[66,65282,4514],{"class":84},[66,65284,113],{"class":80},[66,65286,121],{"class":102},[66,65288,561],{"class":478},[66,65290,5117],{"class":102},[66,65292,65293],{"class":3413},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[66,65295,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,65297,138],{"class":137},[66,65299,110],{"class":102},[66,65301,35910],{"class":106},[66,65303,103],{"class":102},[66,65305,35612],{"class":106},[66,65307,110],{"class":102},[66,65309,113],{"class":80},[66,65311,4514],{"class":84},[66,65313,113],{"class":80},[66,65315,121],{"class":102},[66,65317,479],{"class":478},[66,65319,121],{"class":102},[66,65321,2192],{"class":478},[66,65323,5117],{"class":102},[66,65325,65326],{"class":3413},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65328,148],{},[57,65330,65332],{"className":59,"code":65331,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65333,65334,65338,65342],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65335,65336],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65337,46684],{"class":478},[66,65339,65340],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,65341,46384],{"class":478},[66,65343,65344],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,65345,46684],{"class":478},[20,65347,65348],{},"How this works:",[33,65350,65351,65363,65376],{},[36,65352,65353,65356,65357,65360,65361],{},[15,65354,65355],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65358,65359],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65362,2729],{},[36,65364,65365,65368,65369,65371,65372,65360,65374],{},[15,65366,65367],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65370,1788],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65373,65359],{},[15,65375,1794],{},[36,65377,65378,65381,65382,1923,65384,16835,65386],{},[15,65379,65380],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65383,2729],{},[15,65385,1788],{},[15,65387,1794],{},[20,65389,65390],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[52,65392,65394],{"id":65393},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65396,65397,65398,103],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65399,40471],{},[20,65401,923],{},[57,65403,65405],{"className":59,"code":65404,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65406,65407,65439],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65408,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65410,7535],{"class":72},[66,65412,77],{"class":76},[66,65414,3370],{"class":102},[66,65416,113],{"class":80},[66,65418,3832],{"class":84},[66,65420,113],{"class":80},[66,65422,121],{"class":102},[66,65424,81],{"class":80},[66,65426,627],{"class":84},[66,65428,113],{"class":80},[66,65430,121],{"class":102},[66,65432,81],{"class":80},[66,65434,3849],{"class":84},[66,65436,113],{"class":80},[66,65438,3383],{"class":102},[66,65440,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,65442,138],{"class":137},[66,65444,110],{"class":102},[66,65446,7566],{"class":106},[66,65448,103],{"class":102},[66,65450,35612],{"class":106},[66,65452,110],{"class":102},[66,65454,113],{"class":80},[66,65456,32989],{"class":84},[66,65458,113],{"class":80},[66,65460,1330],{"class":102},[20,65462,39420,65463,65466],{},[15,65464,65465],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65468,65469],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[57,65471,65473],{"className":59,"code":65472,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65474,65475,65507,65520,65524,65537,65556,65562],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65476,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65478,7535],{"class":72},[66,65480,77],{"class":76},[66,65482,3370],{"class":102},[66,65484,113],{"class":80},[66,65486,3832],{"class":84},[66,65488,113],{"class":80},[66,65490,121],{"class":102},[66,65492,81],{"class":80},[66,65494,627],{"class":84},[66,65496,113],{"class":80},[66,65498,121],{"class":102},[66,65500,81],{"class":80},[66,65502,3849],{"class":84},[66,65504,113],{"class":80},[66,65506,3383],{"class":102},[66,65508,65509,65512,65514,65516,65518],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,65510,65511],{"class":72},"search_value ",[66,65513,77],{"class":76},[66,65515,81],{"class":80},[66,65517,32989],{"class":84},[66,65519,88],{"class":80},[66,65521,65522],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,65523,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,65525,65526,65528,65531,65533,65535],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,65527,6752],{"class":3627},[66,65529,65530],{"class":72}," search_value ",[66,65532,3634],{"class":76},[66,65534,5718],{"class":72},[66,65536,6146],{"class":102},[66,65538,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65554],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,65540,7826],{"class":137},[66,65542,110],{"class":102},[66,65544,7566],{"class":106},[66,65546,103],{"class":102},[66,65548,35612],{"class":106},[66,65550,110],{"class":102},[66,65552,65553],{"class":106},"search_value",[66,65555,1330],{"class":102},[66,65557,65558,65560],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,65559,27199],{"class":3627},[66,65561,6146],{"class":102},[66,65563,65564,65566,65568,65570,65573,65575],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,65565,7826],{"class":137},[66,65567,110],{"class":102},[66,65569,113],{"class":80},[66,65571,65572],{"class":84},"Item not found",[66,65574,113],{"class":80},[66,65576,131],{"class":102},[20,65578,148],{},[57,65580,65582],{"className":59,"code":65581,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Item not found\n",[15,65583,65584],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65585,65586,65589,65591],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65587,65588],{"class":72},"Item ",[66,65590,4383],{"class":76},[66,65592,65593],{"class":72}," found\n",[20,65595,65596],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65598,65599,65600,103],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[200,65601,65603],{"href":65602},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[52,65605,1105],{"id":1104},[20,65607,20975,65608,1111],{},[15,65609,64629],{},[33,65611,65612,65630,65642,65702],{},[36,65613,25540,65614,2131,65616,65619,65620,65622,65623,4916,65625,65627,65628,103],{},[15,65615,58736],{},[15,65617,65618],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9608,65621],{},"\nPython does ",[398,65624,4383],{},[15,65626,65618],{},". It raises ",[15,65629,40471],{},[36,65631,65632,65633,65635,65638,65639,65641],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9608,65634],{},[15,65636,65637],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65640,65038],{},", not the value itself.",[36,65643,8176,65644,10854,65647,65649,65651,65652,16418,65654,65677,16406,65679],{},[15,65645,65646],{},"index[]",[15,65648,58736],{},[9608,65650],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9608,65653],{},[57,65655,65657],{"className":59,"code":65656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65658,65659],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65660,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65662,7566],{"class":72},[66,65664,103],{"class":102},[66,65666,35612],{"class":106},[66,65668,110],{"class":102},[66,65670,113],{"class":80},[66,65672,627],{"class":84},[66,65674,113],{"class":80},[66,65676,131],{"class":102},[9608,65678],{},[57,65680,65682],{"className":59,"code":65681,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65683,65684],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65685,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65687,7566],{"class":72},[66,65689,103],{"class":102},[66,65691,35612],{"class":24515},[66,65693,3652],{"class":102},[66,65695,113],{"class":80},[66,65697,627],{"class":84},[66,65699,113],{"class":80},[66,65701,3383],{"class":102},[36,65703,65704,65705,65707,798,65710,65712,65713],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9608,65706],{},[15,65708,65709],{},"\"3\"",[15,65711,1794],{}," are different values in Python.",[57,65714,65716],{"className":59,"code":65715,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65717,65718,65738],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65719,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65721,3365],{"class":72},[66,65723,77],{"class":76},[66,65725,3370],{"class":102},[66,65727,2729],{"class":478},[66,65729,121],{"class":102},[66,65731,561],{"class":478},[66,65733,121],{"class":102},[66,65735,2186],{"class":478},[66,65737,3383],{"class":102},[66,65739,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,65741,138],{"class":137},[66,65743,110],{"class":102},[66,65745,113],{"class":80},[66,65747,1794],{"class":84},[66,65749,113],{"class":80},[66,65751,20937],{"class":3627},[66,65753,4016],{"class":106},[66,65755,3410],{"class":102},[66,65757,4525],{"class":3413},[20,65759,65760],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[57,65762,65764],{"className":59,"code":65763,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65765,65766,65776,65790,65804],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65767,65768,65770,65772,65774],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65769,138],{"class":137},[66,65771,110],{"class":102},[66,65773,8097],{"class":106},[66,65775,131],{"class":102},[66,65777,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,65779,138],{"class":137},[66,65781,110],{"class":102},[66,65783,2964],{"class":2641},[66,65785,110],{"class":102},[66,65787,65553],{"class":106},[66,65789,1330],{"class":102},[66,65791,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,65793,138],{"class":137},[66,65795,110],{"class":102},[66,65797,65511],{"class":106},[66,65799,3634],{"class":3627},[66,65801,8154],{"class":106},[66,65803,131],{"class":102},[66,65805,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,65807,138],{"class":137},[66,65809,110],{"class":102},[66,65811,8097],{"class":106},[66,65813,103],{"class":102},[66,65815,35612],{"class":106},[66,65817,110],{"class":102},[66,65819,65553],{"class":106},[66,65821,1330],{"class":102},[20,65823,65824],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65826,65827],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[33,65829,65830,65833,65840,65846],{},[36,65831,65832],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[36,65834,65835,65836,10854,65838],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65837,65709],{},[15,65839,1794],{},[36,65841,65842,65843,65845],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65844,58736],{}," returns only the first one",[36,65847,65848],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[52,65850,4715,65852],{"id":65851},"when-to-use-index",[15,65853,58736],{},[20,65855,160,65856,10364],{},[15,65857,58736],{},[33,65859,65860,65863,65866],{},[36,65861,65862],{},"You need the position of a known value",[36,65864,65865],{},"You are working with a small list",[36,65867,65868],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65870,65871],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[52,65873,1518],{"id":1517},[258,65875,4897,65877,4900],{"id":65876},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65878,64629],{},[20,65880,65881],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[258,65883,1522,65885,4916,65887,65889],{"id":65884},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65886,64629],{},[15,65888,65618],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65891,65892,65893,6385],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65894,40471],{},[258,65896,1573,65898,65900],{"id":65897},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65899,64629],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65902,65903],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[258,65905,65907,65908,2228],{"id":65906},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65909,58736],{},[20,65911,65912,65913,798,65915,65917],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65914,35839],{},[15,65916,52428],{}," arguments.",[52,65919,1620],{"id":1619},[33,65921,65922,65926,65930,65934],{},[36,65923,65924],{},[200,65925,58724],{"href":65059},[36,65927,65928],{},[200,65929,52539],{"href":54338},[36,65931,65932],{},[200,65933,65603],{"href":65602},[36,65935,65936],{},[200,65937,55288,65938,774],{"href":58795},[15,65939,57059],{},[1651,65941,65942],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":65944},[65945,65946,65948,65949,65950,65951,65952,65954,65955,65956,65958,65968],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":64726,"depth":91,"text":65947},"What list.index() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":37785,"depth":91,"text":37786},{"id":64934,"depth":91,"text":64935},{"id":65063,"depth":91,"text":65064},{"id":65170,"depth":91,"text":65953},"Using start and end",{"id":65393,"depth":91,"text":65394},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105},{"id":65851,"depth":91,"text":65957},"When to use index()",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":65959},[65960,65962,65964,65966],{"id":65876,"depth":134,"text":65961},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65884,"depth":134,"text":65963},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65897,"depth":134,"text":65965},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65906,"depth":134,"text":65967},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64617,"description":65969},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65976,"title":65977,"body":65978,"description":67920,"extension":1694,"meta":67921,"navigation":338,"path":67922,"seo":67923,"stem":67924,"__hash__":67925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65979,"toc":67880},[65980,65985,65990,65993,66002,66059,66065,66070,66074,66088,66094,66096,66119,66136,66138,66199,66201,66233,66246,66248,66251,66351,66353,66431,66437,66441,66449,66453,66459,66514,66516,66540,66544,66547,66600,66602,66626,66630,66633,66686,66688,66712,66716,66722,66793,66795,66836,66842,66849,66852,66857,66865,66870,66878,66880,66977,66979,67048,67055,67060,67062,67066,67071,67073,67144,67146,67175,67181,67183,67210,67213,67236,67240,67243,67265,67268,67291,67293,67353,67355,67387,67393,67398,67451,67453,67478,67481,67530,67532,67553,67557,67562,67565,67620,67622,67649,67656,67660,67665,67736,67739,67753,67758,67763,67765,67779,67791,67796,67798,67803,67808,67812,67815,67821,67827,67834,67842,67844,67877],[10,65981,54110,65983,18],{"id":65982},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65984,54036],{},[20,65986,65987,65989],{},[15,65988,53679],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65991,65992],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65994,160,65995,65997,65998,103],{},[15,65996,54036],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[200,65999,55288,66000,774],{"href":56537},[15,66001,52420],{},[57,66003,66005],{"className":59,"code":66004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66006,66007,66027,66045,66055],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66008,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66010,3365],{"class":72},[66,66012,77],{"class":76},[66,66014,3370],{"class":102},[66,66016,2729],{"class":478},[66,66018,121],{"class":102},[66,66020,561],{"class":478},[66,66022,121],{"class":102},[66,66024,2192],{"class":478},[66,66026,3383],{"class":102},[66,66028,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66030,3397],{"class":72},[66,66032,103],{"class":102},[66,66034,53719],{"class":106},[66,66036,110],{"class":102},[66,66038,1788],{"class":478},[66,66040,121],{"class":102},[66,66042,2186],{"class":478},[66,66044,131],{"class":102},[66,66046,66047,66049,66051,66053],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66048,138],{"class":137},[66,66050,110],{"class":102},[66,66052,3397],{"class":106},[66,66054,131],{"class":102},[66,66056,66057],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,66058,52491],{"class":3413},[20,66060,160,66061,66064],{},[15,66062,66063],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[52,66066,168,66068,41],{"id":66067},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66069,53679],{},[20,66071,66072,1111],{},[15,66073,53679],{},[33,66075,66076,66079,66082,66084],{},[36,66077,66078],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[36,66080,66081],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[36,66083,54196],{},[36,66085,11186,66086],{},[15,66087,3528],{},[20,66089,66090,66091,66093],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66092,54036],{}," does not create a new list.",[52,66095,207],{"id":206},[57,66097,66099],{"className":59,"code":66098,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66100,66101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66102,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66104,8097],{"class":72},[66,66106,103],{"class":102},[66,66108,53719],{"class":106},[66,66110,110],{"class":102},[66,66112,35612],{"class":106},[66,66114,121],{"class":102},[66,66116,29273],{"class":106},[66,66118,131],{"class":102},[33,66120,66121,66126,66131],{},[36,66122,66123,66125],{},[15,66124,35612],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[36,66127,66128,66130],{},[15,66129,23075],{}," is the value to add",[36,66132,66133,66134],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66135,1852],{},[20,66137,923],{},[57,66139,66141],{"className":59,"code":66140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66142,66143,66167,66189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66144,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66146,35857],{"class":72},[66,66148,77],{"class":76},[66,66150,3370],{"class":102},[66,66152,113],{"class":80},[66,66154,200],{"class":84},[66,66156,113],{"class":80},[66,66158,121],{"class":102},[66,66160,81],{"class":80},[66,66162,9501],{"class":84},[66,66164,113],{"class":80},[66,66166,3383],{"class":102},[66,66168,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66170,35910],{"class":72},[66,66172,103],{"class":102},[66,66174,53719],{"class":106},[66,66176,110],{"class":102},[66,66178,2729],{"class":478},[66,66180,121],{"class":102},[66,66182,81],{"class":80},[66,66184,4514],{"class":84},[66,66186,113],{"class":80},[66,66188,131],{"class":102},[66,66190,66191,66193,66195,66197],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66192,138],{"class":137},[66,66194,110],{"class":102},[66,66196,35910],{"class":106},[66,66198,131],{"class":102},[20,66200,148],{},[57,66202,66203],{"className":59,"code":42641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,66204,66205],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66206,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66208,3652],{"class":102},[66,66210,3044],{"class":80},[66,66212,200],{"class":84},[66,66214,3044],{"class":80},[66,66216,121],{"class":102},[66,66218,3039],{"class":80},[66,66220,4514],{"class":84},[66,66222,3044],{"class":80},[66,66224,121],{"class":102},[66,66226,3039],{"class":80},[66,66228,9501],{"class":84},[66,66230,3044],{"class":80},[66,66232,3383],{"class":102},[20,66234,20534,66235,66237,66238,66240,66241,798,66243,103],{},[15,66236,65359],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66239,2729],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66242,17858],{},[15,66244,66245],{},"\"c\"",[52,66247,283],{"id":282},[20,66249,66250],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[57,66252,66254],{"className":59,"code":66253,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66255,66256,66288,66306,66310,66332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66257,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66259,12838],{"class":72},[66,66261,77],{"class":76},[66,66263,3370],{"class":102},[66,66265,113],{"class":80},[66,66267,1392],{"class":84},[66,66269,113],{"class":80},[66,66271,121],{"class":102},[66,66273,81],{"class":80},[66,66275,1401],{"class":84},[66,66277,113],{"class":80},[66,66279,121],{"class":102},[66,66281,81],{"class":80},[66,66283,17217],{"class":84},[66,66285,113],{"class":80},[66,66287,3383],{"class":102},[66,66289,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302,66304],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66291,138],{"class":137},[66,66293,110],{"class":102},[66,66295,113],{"class":80},[66,66297,11327],{"class":84},[66,66299,113],{"class":80},[66,66301,121],{"class":102},[66,66303,12884],{"class":106},[66,66305,131],{"class":102},[66,66307,66308],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66309,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,66311,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,66313,17264],{"class":72},[66,66315,103],{"class":102},[66,66317,53719],{"class":106},[66,66319,110],{"class":102},[66,66321,2729],{"class":478},[66,66323,121],{"class":102},[66,66325,81],{"class":80},[66,66327,22288],{"class":84},[66,66329,113],{"class":80},[66,66331,131],{"class":102},[66,66333,66334,66336,66338,66340,66343,66345,66347,66349],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,66335,138],{"class":137},[66,66337,110],{"class":102},[66,66339,113],{"class":80},[66,66341,66342],{"class":84},"After: ",[66,66344,113],{"class":80},[66,66346,121],{"class":102},[66,66348,12884],{"class":106},[66,66350,131],{"class":102},[20,66352,148],{},[57,66354,66356],{"className":59,"code":66355,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66357,66358,66390],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66359,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66361,11387],{"class":72},[66,66363,1111],{"class":102},[66,66365,3370],{"class":102},[66,66367,3044],{"class":80},[66,66369,1392],{"class":84},[66,66371,3044],{"class":80},[66,66373,121],{"class":102},[66,66375,3039],{"class":80},[66,66377,1401],{"class":84},[66,66379,3044],{"class":80},[66,66381,121],{"class":102},[66,66383,3039],{"class":80},[66,66385,17217],{"class":84},[66,66387,3044],{"class":80},[66,66389,3383],{"class":102},[66,66391,66392,66394,66396,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66393,11440],{"class":72},[66,66395,1111],{"class":102},[66,66397,66398],{"class":102},"  [",[66,66400,3044],{"class":80},[66,66402,1392],{"class":84},[66,66404,3044],{"class":80},[66,66406,121],{"class":102},[66,66408,3039],{"class":80},[66,66410,22288],{"class":84},[66,66412,3044],{"class":80},[66,66414,121],{"class":102},[66,66416,3039],{"class":80},[66,66418,1401],{"class":84},[66,66420,3044],{"class":80},[66,66422,121],{"class":102},[66,66424,3039],{"class":80},[66,66426,17217],{"class":84},[66,66428,3044],{"class":80},[66,66430,3383],{"class":102},[20,66432,66433,66434,66436],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66435,2729],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[52,66438,66440],{"id":66439},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66442,1711,66443,35095,66445,66448],{},[15,66444,35612],{},[15,66446,66447],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[258,66450,66452],{"id":66451},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66454,66455,66456,66458],{},"Use index ",[15,66457,1852],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[57,66460,66462],{"className":59,"code":66461,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66463,66464,66485,66504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66465,66466,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66467,66468],{"class":72},"nums ",[66,66470,77],{"class":76},[66,66472,3370],{"class":102},[66,66474,1788],{"class":478},[66,66476,121],{"class":102},[66,66478,2186],{"class":478},[66,66480,121],{"class":102},[66,66482,2192],{"class":478},[66,66484,3383],{"class":102},[66,66486,66487,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66488,66489],{"class":72},"nums",[66,66491,103],{"class":102},[66,66493,53719],{"class":106},[66,66495,110],{"class":102},[66,66497,1852],{"class":478},[66,66499,121],{"class":102},[66,66501,479],{"class":478},[66,66503,131],{"class":102},[66,66505,66506,66508,66510,66512],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66507,138],{"class":137},[66,66509,110],{"class":102},[66,66511,66489],{"class":106},[66,66513,131],{"class":102},[20,66515,148],{},[57,66517,66518],{"className":59,"code":53273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,66519,66520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66521,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66523,3652],{"class":102},[66,66525,2729],{"class":478},[66,66527,121],{"class":102},[66,66529,561],{"class":478},[66,66531,121],{"class":102},[66,66533,2186],{"class":478},[66,66535,121],{"class":102},[66,66537,2192],{"class":478},[66,66539,3383],{"class":102},[258,66541,66543],{"id":66542},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66545,66546],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[57,66548,66550],{"className":59,"code":66549,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66551,66552,66572,66590],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66553,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66555,66468],{"class":72},[66,66557,77],{"class":76},[66,66559,3370],{"class":102},[66,66561,2729],{"class":478},[66,66563,121],{"class":102},[66,66565,561],{"class":478},[66,66567,121],{"class":102},[66,66569,2192],{"class":478},[66,66571,3383],{"class":102},[66,66573,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66575,66489],{"class":72},[66,66577,103],{"class":102},[66,66579,53719],{"class":106},[66,66581,110],{"class":102},[66,66583,1788],{"class":478},[66,66585,121],{"class":102},[66,66587,2186],{"class":478},[66,66589,131],{"class":102},[66,66591,66592,66594,66596,66598],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66593,138],{"class":137},[66,66595,110],{"class":102},[66,66597,66489],{"class":106},[66,66599,131],{"class":102},[20,66601,148],{},[57,66603,66604],{"className":59,"code":53273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,66605,66606],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66607,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66609,3652],{"class":102},[66,66611,2729],{"class":478},[66,66613,121],{"class":102},[66,66615,561],{"class":478},[66,66617,121],{"class":102},[66,66619,2186],{"class":478},[66,66621,121],{"class":102},[66,66623,2192],{"class":478},[66,66625,3383],{"class":102},[258,66627,66629],{"id":66628},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66631,66632],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[57,66634,66636],{"className":59,"code":66635,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66637,66638,66658,66676],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66639,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66641,66468],{"class":72},[66,66643,77],{"class":76},[66,66645,3370],{"class":102},[66,66647,2729],{"class":478},[66,66649,121],{"class":102},[66,66651,561],{"class":478},[66,66653,121],{"class":102},[66,66655,2186],{"class":478},[66,66657,3383],{"class":102},[66,66659,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66661,66489],{"class":72},[66,66663,103],{"class":102},[66,66665,53719],{"class":106},[66,66667,110],{"class":102},[66,66669,2064],{"class":478},[66,66671,121],{"class":102},[66,66673,2192],{"class":478},[66,66675,131],{"class":102},[66,66677,66678,66680,66682,66684],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66679,138],{"class":137},[66,66681,110],{"class":102},[66,66683,66489],{"class":106},[66,66685,131],{"class":102},[20,66687,148],{},[57,66689,66690],{"className":59,"code":53273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,66691,66692],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66693,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66695,3652],{"class":102},[66,66697,2729],{"class":478},[66,66699,121],{"class":102},[66,66701,561],{"class":478},[66,66703,121],{"class":102},[66,66705,2186],{"class":478},[66,66707,121],{"class":102},[66,66709,2192],{"class":478},[66,66711,3383],{"class":102},[258,66713,66715],{"id":66714},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66717,66718,66719,66721],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66720,54036],{}," places the item before that position.",[57,66723,66725],{"className":59,"code":66724,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66726,66727,66759,66783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66728,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66730,35857],{"class":72},[66,66732,77],{"class":76},[66,66734,3370],{"class":102},[66,66736,113],{"class":80},[66,66738,200],{"class":84},[66,66740,113],{"class":80},[66,66742,121],{"class":102},[66,66744,81],{"class":80},[66,66746,4514],{"class":84},[66,66748,113],{"class":80},[66,66750,121],{"class":102},[66,66752,81],{"class":80},[66,66754,18530],{"class":84},[66,66756,113],{"class":80},[66,66758,3383],{"class":102},[66,66760,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66762,35910],{"class":72},[66,66764,103],{"class":102},[66,66766,53719],{"class":106},[66,66768,110],{"class":102},[66,66770,1753],{"class":76},[66,66772,2729],{"class":478},[66,66774,121],{"class":102},[66,66776,81],{"class":80},[66,66778,9501],{"class":84},[66,66780,113],{"class":80},[66,66782,131],{"class":102},[66,66784,66785,66787,66789,66791],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66786,138],{"class":137},[66,66788,110],{"class":102},[66,66790,35910],{"class":106},[66,66792,131],{"class":102},[20,66794,148],{},[57,66796,66798],{"className":59,"code":66797,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66799,66800],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66801,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66803,3652],{"class":102},[66,66805,3044],{"class":80},[66,66807,200],{"class":84},[66,66809,3044],{"class":80},[66,66811,121],{"class":102},[66,66813,3039],{"class":80},[66,66815,4514],{"class":84},[66,66817,3044],{"class":80},[66,66819,121],{"class":102},[66,66821,3039],{"class":80},[66,66823,9501],{"class":84},[66,66825,3044],{"class":80},[66,66827,121],{"class":102},[66,66829,3039],{"class":80},[66,66831,18530],{"class":84},[66,66833,3044],{"class":80},[66,66835,3383],{"class":102},[20,66837,66838,66839,2037],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[200,66840,66841],{"href":50746},"Python lists beginner guide",[52,66843,66845,10348,66847],{"id":66844},"insert-vs-append",[15,66846,54036],{},[15,66848,52420],{},[20,66850,66851],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[258,66853,160,66855,10364],{"id":66854},"use-insert-when",[15,66856,54036],{},[33,66858,66859,66862],{},[36,66860,66861],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[36,66863,66864],{},"The order of the list matters",[258,66866,160,66868,10364],{"id":66867},"use-append-when",[15,66869,52420],{},[33,66871,66872,66875],{},[36,66873,66874],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[36,66876,66877],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66879,923],{},[57,66881,66883],{"className":59,"code":66882,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66884,66885,66909,66913,66935,66945,66949,66967],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66886,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66888,7535],{"class":72},[66,66890,77],{"class":76},[66,66892,3370],{"class":102},[66,66894,113],{"class":80},[66,66896,3832],{"class":84},[66,66898,113],{"class":80},[66,66900,121],{"class":102},[66,66902,81],{"class":80},[66,66904,32989],{"class":84},[66,66906,113],{"class":80},[66,66908,3383],{"class":102},[66,66910,66911],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,66912,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,66914,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,66916,7566],{"class":72},[66,66918,103],{"class":102},[66,66920,53719],{"class":106},[66,66922,110],{"class":102},[66,66924,2729],{"class":478},[66,66926,121],{"class":102},[66,66928,81],{"class":80},[66,66930,627],{"class":84},[66,66932,113],{"class":80},[66,66934,131],{"class":102},[66,66936,66937,66939,66941,66943],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,66938,138],{"class":137},[66,66940,110],{"class":102},[66,66942,7566],{"class":106},[66,66944,131],{"class":102},[66,66946,66947],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,66948,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,66950,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,66952,7566],{"class":72},[66,66954,103],{"class":102},[66,66956,13314],{"class":106},[66,66958,110],{"class":102},[66,66960,113],{"class":80},[66,66962,22297],{"class":84},[66,66964,113],{"class":80},[66,66966,131],{"class":102},[66,66968,66969,66971,66973,66975],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,66970,138],{"class":137},[66,66972,110],{"class":102},[66,66974,7566],{"class":106},[66,66976,131],{"class":102},[20,66978,148],{},[57,66980,66982],{"className":59,"code":66981,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66983,66984,67012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66985,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66987,3652],{"class":102},[66,66989,3044],{"class":80},[66,66991,3832],{"class":84},[66,66993,3044],{"class":80},[66,66995,121],{"class":102},[66,66997,3039],{"class":80},[66,66999,627],{"class":84},[66,67001,3044],{"class":80},[66,67003,121],{"class":102},[66,67005,3039],{"class":80},[66,67007,32989],{"class":84},[66,67009,3044],{"class":80},[66,67011,3383],{"class":102},[66,67013,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67015,3652],{"class":102},[66,67017,3044],{"class":80},[66,67019,3832],{"class":84},[66,67021,3044],{"class":80},[66,67023,121],{"class":102},[66,67025,3039],{"class":80},[66,67027,627],{"class":84},[66,67029,3044],{"class":80},[66,67031,121],{"class":102},[66,67033,3039],{"class":80},[66,67035,32989],{"class":84},[66,67037,3044],{"class":80},[66,67039,121],{"class":102},[66,67041,3039],{"class":80},[66,67043,22297],{"class":84},[66,67045,3044],{"class":80},[66,67047,3383],{"class":102},[20,67049,67050,67051,103],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[200,67052,55288,67053,774],{"href":56537},[15,67054,52420],{},[20,67056,67057,67058,103],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[200,67059,52817],{"href":52816},[52,67061,1105],{"id":1104},[20,67063,14495,67064,103],{},[15,67065,54036],{},[258,67067,12357,67069],{"id":67068},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67070,54036],{},[20,67072,25456],{},[57,67074,67076],{"className":59,"code":67075,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67077,67078,67098,67120,67124,67134],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67079,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67081,3365],{"class":72},[66,67083,77],{"class":76},[66,67085,3370],{"class":102},[66,67087,2729],{"class":478},[66,67089,121],{"class":102},[66,67091,561],{"class":478},[66,67093,121],{"class":102},[66,67095,2186],{"class":478},[66,67097,3383],{"class":102},[66,67099,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67101,447],{"class":72},[66,67103,77],{"class":76},[66,67105,4016],{"class":72},[66,67107,103],{"class":102},[66,67109,53719],{"class":106},[66,67111,110],{"class":102},[66,67113,2729],{"class":478},[66,67115,121],{"class":102},[66,67117,9959],{"class":478},[66,67119,131],{"class":102},[66,67121,67122],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,67123,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,67125,67126,67128,67130,67132],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,67127,138],{"class":137},[66,67129,110],{"class":102},[66,67131,494],{"class":106},[66,67133,131],{"class":102},[66,67135,67136,67138,67140,67142],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,67137,138],{"class":137},[66,67139,110],{"class":102},[66,67141,3397],{"class":106},[66,67143,131],{"class":102},[20,67145,148],{},[57,67147,67149],{"className":59,"code":67148,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67150,67151,67155],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67152,67153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67154,11570],{"class":3602},[66,67156,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67158,3652],{"class":102},[66,67160,2729],{"class":478},[66,67162,121],{"class":102},[66,67164,9959],{"class":478},[66,67166,121],{"class":102},[66,67168,561],{"class":478},[66,67170,121],{"class":102},[66,67172,2186],{"class":478},[66,67174,3383],{"class":102},[20,67176,67177,53921,67179,103],{},[15,67178,54036],{},[15,67180,3528],{},[20,67182,16406],{},[57,67184,67186],{"className":59,"code":67185,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67187,67188],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67189,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67191,55658],{"class":72},[66,67193,77],{"class":76},[66,67195,4016],{"class":72},[66,67197,103],{"class":102},[66,67199,53719],{"class":106},[66,67201,110],{"class":102},[66,67203,2729],{"class":478},[66,67205,121],{"class":102},[66,67207,9959],{"class":478},[66,67209,131],{"class":102},[20,67211,67212],{},"Right:",[57,67214,67216],{"className":59,"code":67215,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67217,67218],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67221,3397],{"class":72},[66,67223,103],{"class":102},[66,67225,53719],{"class":106},[66,67227,110],{"class":102},[66,67229,2729],{"class":478},[66,67231,121],{"class":102},[66,67233,9959],{"class":478},[66,67235,131],{"class":102},[258,67237,67239],{"id":67238},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67241,67242],{},"The correct order is:",[57,67244,67245],{"className":59,"code":66098,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,67246,67247],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67248,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67250,8097],{"class":72},[66,67252,103],{"class":102},[66,67254,53719],{"class":106},[66,67256,110],{"class":102},[66,67258,35612],{"class":106},[66,67260,121],{"class":102},[66,67262,29273],{"class":106},[66,67264,131],{"class":102},[20,67266,67267],{},"Not:",[57,67269,67271],{"className":59,"code":67270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67272,67273],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67274,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67276,8097],{"class":72},[66,67278,103],{"class":102},[66,67280,53719],{"class":106},[66,67282,110],{"class":102},[66,67284,23075],{"class":106},[66,67286,121],{"class":102},[66,67288,35587],{"class":106},[66,67290,131],{"class":102},[20,67292,923],{},[57,67294,67295],{"className":59,"code":66140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,67296,67297,67321,67343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67298,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67300,35857],{"class":72},[66,67302,77],{"class":76},[66,67304,3370],{"class":102},[66,67306,113],{"class":80},[66,67308,200],{"class":84},[66,67310,113],{"class":80},[66,67312,121],{"class":102},[66,67314,81],{"class":80},[66,67316,9501],{"class":84},[66,67318,113],{"class":80},[66,67320,3383],{"class":102},[66,67322,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67324,35910],{"class":72},[66,67326,103],{"class":102},[66,67328,53719],{"class":106},[66,67330,110],{"class":102},[66,67332,2729],{"class":478},[66,67334,121],{"class":102},[66,67336,81],{"class":80},[66,67338,4514],{"class":84},[66,67340,113],{"class":80},[66,67342,131],{"class":102},[66,67344,67345,67347,67349,67351],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,67346,138],{"class":137},[66,67348,110],{"class":102},[66,67350,35910],{"class":106},[66,67352,131],{"class":102},[20,67354,148],{},[57,67356,67357],{"className":59,"code":42641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,67358,67359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67360,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67362,3652],{"class":102},[66,67364,3044],{"class":80},[66,67366,200],{"class":84},[66,67368,3044],{"class":80},[66,67370,121],{"class":102},[66,67372,3039],{"class":80},[66,67374,4514],{"class":84},[66,67376,3044],{"class":80},[66,67378,121],{"class":102},[66,67380,3039],{"class":80},[66,67382,9501],{"class":84},[66,67384,3044],{"class":80},[66,67386,3383],{"class":102},[258,67388,1119,67390,67392],{"id":67389},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67391,54036],{}," to replace an item",[20,67394,67395,67397],{},[15,67396,54036],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[57,67399,67401],{"className":59,"code":67400,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67402,67403,67423,67441],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67404,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67406,3365],{"class":72},[66,67408,77],{"class":76},[66,67410,3370],{"class":102},[66,67412,2729],{"class":478},[66,67414,121],{"class":102},[66,67416,561],{"class":478},[66,67418,121],{"class":102},[66,67420,2186],{"class":478},[66,67422,3383],{"class":102},[66,67424,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67426,3397],{"class":72},[66,67428,103],{"class":102},[66,67430,53719],{"class":106},[66,67432,110],{"class":102},[66,67434,2729],{"class":478},[66,67436,121],{"class":102},[66,67438,9959],{"class":478},[66,67440,131],{"class":102},[66,67442,67443,67445,67447,67449],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,67444,138],{"class":137},[66,67446,110],{"class":102},[66,67448,3397],{"class":106},[66,67450,131],{"class":102},[20,67452,148],{},[57,67454,67456],{"className":59,"code":67455,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67457,67458],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67459,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67461,3652],{"class":102},[66,67463,2729],{"class":478},[66,67465,121],{"class":102},[66,67467,9959],{"class":478},[66,67469,121],{"class":102},[66,67471,561],{"class":478},[66,67473,121],{"class":102},[66,67475,2186],{"class":478},[66,67477,3383],{"class":102},[20,67479,67480],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[57,67482,67484],{"className":59,"code":67483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67485,67486,67506,67520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67487,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67489,3365],{"class":72},[66,67491,77],{"class":76},[66,67493,3370],{"class":102},[66,67495,2729],{"class":478},[66,67497,121],{"class":102},[66,67499,561],{"class":478},[66,67501,121],{"class":102},[66,67503,2186],{"class":478},[66,67505,3383],{"class":102},[66,67507,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67509,3397],{"class":72},[66,67511,3652],{"class":102},[66,67513,2729],{"class":478},[66,67515,13034],{"class":102},[66,67517,13037],{"class":76},[66,67519,13892],{"class":478},[66,67521,67522,67524,67526,67528],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,67523,138],{"class":137},[66,67525,110],{"class":102},[66,67527,3397],{"class":106},[66,67529,131],{"class":102},[20,67531,148],{},[57,67533,67535],{"className":59,"code":67534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67536,67537],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67538,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67540,3652],{"class":102},[66,67542,2729],{"class":478},[66,67544,121],{"class":102},[66,67546,9959],{"class":478},[66,67548,121],{"class":102},[66,67550,2186],{"class":478},[66,67552,3383],{"class":102},[258,67554,67556],{"id":67555},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67558,67559,67561],{},[15,67560,54036],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67563,67564],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[57,67566,67568],{"className":59,"code":67567,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67569,67570,67586,67610],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67571,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67573,3365],{"class":72},[66,67575,77],{"class":76},[66,67577,3370],{"class":102},[66,67579,2729],{"class":478},[66,67581,121],{"class":102},[66,67583,2192],{"class":478},[66,67585,3383],{"class":102},[66,67587,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67589,3397],{"class":72},[66,67591,103],{"class":102},[66,67593,53719],{"class":106},[66,67595,110],{"class":102},[66,67597,2729],{"class":478},[66,67599,121],{"class":102},[66,67601,3370],{"class":102},[66,67603,1788],{"class":478},[66,67605,121],{"class":102},[66,67607,2186],{"class":478},[66,67609,3640],{"class":102},[66,67611,67612,67614,67616,67618],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,67613,138],{"class":137},[66,67615,110],{"class":102},[66,67617,3397],{"class":106},[66,67619,131],{"class":102},[20,67621,148],{},[57,67623,67625],{"className":59,"code":67624,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67626,67627],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67628,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67630,3652],{"class":102},[66,67632,2729],{"class":478},[66,67634,121],{"class":102},[66,67636,3370],{"class":102},[66,67638,1788],{"class":478},[66,67640,121],{"class":102},[66,67642,2186],{"class":478},[66,67644,17824],{"class":102},[66,67646,2192],{"class":478},[66,67648,3383],{"class":102},[20,67650,67651,67652,103],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[200,67653,55288,67654,774],{"href":53112},[15,67655,53214],{},[258,67657,67659],{"id":67658},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67661,8635,67662,67664],{},[15,67663,54036],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[57,67666,67668],{"className":59,"code":67667,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67669,67670,67680,67694,67712,67726],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67671,67672,67674,67676,67678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67673,138],{"class":137},[66,67675,110],{"class":102},[66,67677,8097],{"class":106},[66,67679,131],{"class":102},[66,67681,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67683,138],{"class":137},[66,67685,110],{"class":102},[66,67687,10924],{"class":137},[66,67689,110],{"class":102},[66,67691,8097],{"class":106},[66,67693,1330],{"class":102},[66,67695,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,67697,138],{"class":137},[66,67699,110],{"class":102},[66,67701,8097],{"class":106},[66,67703,103],{"class":102},[66,67705,53719],{"class":24515},[66,67707,103],{"class":102},[66,67709,34215],{"class":879},[66,67711,131],{"class":102},[66,67713,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,67715,31920],{"class":137},[66,67717,110],{"class":102},[66,67719,7851],{"class":2641},[66,67721,103],{"class":102},[66,67723,53719],{"class":24515},[66,67725,131],{"class":102},[66,67727,67728,67730,67732,67734],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,67729,2964],{"class":2641},[66,67731,110],{"class":102},[66,67733,8097],{"class":106},[66,67735,131],{"class":102},[20,67737,67738],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[33,67740,67741,67744,67747,67750],{},[36,67742,67743],{},"What is currently in the list",[36,67745,67746],{},"How long the list is",[36,67748,67749],{},"That you are working with a real list",[36,67751,67752],{},"How Python describes the method",[52,67754,4715,67756],{"id":67755},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67757,54036],{},[20,67759,160,67760,67762],{},[15,67761,54036],{}," when position matters.",[20,67764,36193],{},[33,67766,67767,67770,67773,67776],{},[36,67768,67769],{},"Ordered menus",[36,67771,67772],{},"Rankings or score lists",[36,67774,67775],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[36,67777,67778],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67780,67781,67782,67784,67785,67787,67788,67790],{},"You usually do ",[398,67783,4383],{}," need ",[15,67786,54036],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67789,52420],{}," is simpler.",[20,67792,67793,67794,103],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[200,67795,56923],{"href":56922},[52,67797,1518],{"id":1517},[258,67799,1522,67801,55237],{"id":67800},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67802,53679],{},[20,67804,67805,67806,103],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67807,3528],{},[258,67809,67811],{"id":67810},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67813,67814],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[258,67816,1573,67818,67820],{"id":67817},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67819,53679],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67822,67823,67824,67826],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67825,53214],{}," or slicing.",[258,67828,4934,67830,798,67832,2228],{"id":67829},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67831,54036],{},[15,67833,52420],{},[20,67835,67836,67838,67839,67841],{},[15,67837,54036],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67840,52420],{}," adds only at the end.",[52,67843,1620],{"id":1619},[33,67845,67846,67852,67858,67862,67866,67870],{},[36,67847,67848],{},[200,67849,55288,67850,774],{"href":56537},[15,67851,52420],{},[36,67853,67854],{},[200,67855,55288,67856,774],{"href":53112},[15,67857,53214],{},[36,67859,67860],{},[200,67861,54046],{"href":52816},[36,67863,67864],{},[200,67865,52539],{"href":50746},[36,67867,67868],{},[200,67869,56997],{"href":56922},[36,67871,67872],{},[200,67873,30114,67874,33402],{"href":54064},[15,67875,67876],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1651,67878,67879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":67881},[67882,67884,67885,67886,67892,67899,67908,67910,67919],{"id":66067,"depth":91,"text":67883},"What list.insert() does",{"id":206,"depth":91,"text":207},{"id":282,"depth":91,"text":283},{"id":66439,"depth":91,"text":66440,"children":67887},[67888,67889,67890,67891],{"id":66451,"depth":134,"text":66452},{"id":66542,"depth":134,"text":66543},{"id":66628,"depth":134,"text":66629},{"id":66714,"depth":134,"text":66715},{"id":66844,"depth":91,"text":67893,"children":67894},"insert() vs append()",[67895,67897],{"id":66854,"depth":134,"text":67896},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66867,"depth":134,"text":67898},"Use append() when:",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":67900},[67901,67903,67904,67906,67907],{"id":67068,"depth":134,"text":67902},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67238,"depth":134,"text":67239},{"id":67389,"depth":134,"text":67905},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67555,"depth":134,"text":67556},{"id":67658,"depth":134,"text":67659},{"id":67755,"depth":91,"text":67909},"When to use insert()",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":67911},[67912,67914,67915,67917],{"id":67800,"depth":134,"text":67913},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67810,"depth":134,"text":67811},{"id":67817,"depth":134,"text":67916},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67829,"depth":134,"text":67918},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65977,"description":67920},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67927,"title":67928,"body":67929,"description":69484,"extension":1694,"meta":69485,"navigation":338,"path":58741,"seo":69486,"stem":69487,"__hash__":69488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67930,"toc":69457},[67931,67937,67946,67995,67997,68005,68011,68013,68031,68037,68042,68045,68048,68063,68065,68117,68119,68127,68135,68142,68144,68150,68215,68217,68225,68227,68246,68249,68300,68304,68309,68336,68338,68346,68349,68418,68420,68435,68441,68445,68454,68457,68512,68514,68522,68525,68527,68572,68574,68582,68588,68590,68598,68601,68603,68642,68644,68683,68688,68690,68692,68727,68730,68732,68770,68774,68780,68782,68833,68835,68843,68850,68853,68874,68877,68932,68943,68945,69006,69008,69017,69024,69030,69033,69036,69093,69096,69109,69116,69122,69128,69130,69143,69146,69243,69245,69262,69265,69347,69349,69371,69378,69384,69386,69390,69396,69402,69407,69411,69414,69420,69427,69429,69454],[10,67932,67934,67935,3410],{"id":67933},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67936,10924],{},[20,67938,67939,67940,67942,67943,67945],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67941,42127],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67944,42127],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[57,67947,67949],{"className":59,"code":67948,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67950,67951,67971,67985],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67952,67953,67955,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67954,3365],{"class":72},[66,67956,77],{"class":76},[66,67958,3370],{"class":102},[66,67960,2064],{"class":478},[66,67962,121],{"class":102},[66,67964,7546],{"class":478},[66,67966,121],{"class":102},[66,67968,7551],{"class":478},[66,67970,3383],{"class":102},[66,67972,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,67974,41009],{"class":72},[66,67976,77],{"class":76},[66,67978,38152],{"class":137},[66,67980,110],{"class":102},[66,67982,3397],{"class":106},[66,67984,131],{"class":102},[66,67986,67987,67989,67991,67993],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,67988,138],{"class":137},[66,67990,110],{"class":102},[66,67992,195],{"class":106},[66,67994,131],{"class":102},[20,67996,148],{},[57,67998,67999],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68000,68001],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68002,68003],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68004,46384],{"class":478},[20,68006,160,68007,68010],{},[15,68008,68009],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[52,68012,14924],{"id":14923},[33,68014,68015,68020,68025,68028],{},[36,68016,3951,68017,68019],{},[15,68018,42127],{}," works with Python lists",[36,68021,68022,68023,904],{},"What value ",[15,68024,42127],{},[36,68026,68027],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[36,68029,68030],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[52,68032,168,68034,68036],{"id":68033},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68035,42127],{}," returns for a list",[20,68038,68039,64849],{},[15,68040,68041],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68043,68044],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68046,68047],{},"A few important points:",[33,68049,68050,68053,68058],{},[36,68051,68052],{},"It counts list items",[36,68054,40673,68055,68057],{},[398,68056,4383],{}," count characters inside a string item",[36,68059,68060,68061],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68062,1852],{},[20,68064,923],{},[57,68066,68068],{"className":59,"code":68067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68069,68070,68103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68071,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68073,3823],{"class":72},[66,68075,77],{"class":76},[66,68077,3370],{"class":102},[66,68079,113],{"class":80},[66,68081,462],{"class":84},[66,68083,113],{"class":80},[66,68085,121],{"class":102},[66,68087,81],{"class":80},[66,68089,68090],{"class":84},"elephant",[66,68092,113],{"class":80},[66,68094,121],{"class":102},[66,68096,81],{"class":80},[66,68098,471],{"class":84},[66,68100,113],{"class":80},[66,68102,3383],{"class":102},[66,68104,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68106,138],{"class":137},[66,68108,110],{"class":102},[66,68110,10924],{"class":137},[66,68112,110],{"class":102},[66,68114,3866],{"class":106},[66,68116,1330],{"class":102},[20,68118,148],{},[57,68120,68121],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68122,68123],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68124,68125],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68126,46384],{"class":478},[20,68128,20741,68129,68132,68133,64856],{},[15,68130,68131],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[398,68134,52424],{},[20,68136,68137,68138,103],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[200,68139,3321,68140,3254],{"href":42124},[15,68141,42127],{},[52,68143,283],{"id":282},[20,68145,68146,68147,68149],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68148,42127],{},", and print the result.",[57,68151,68153],{"className":59,"code":68152,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68154,68155,68187,68201,68205],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68156,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181,68183,68185],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68158,12838],{"class":72},[66,68160,77],{"class":76},[66,68162,3370],{"class":102},[66,68164,113],{"class":80},[66,68166,1392],{"class":84},[66,68168,113],{"class":80},[66,68170,121],{"class":102},[66,68172,81],{"class":80},[66,68174,17217],{"class":84},[66,68176,113],{"class":80},[66,68178,121],{"class":102},[66,68180,81],{"class":80},[66,68182,1401],{"class":84},[66,68184,113],{"class":80},[66,68186,3383],{"class":102},[66,68188,68189,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68190,41009],{"class":72},[66,68192,77],{"class":76},[66,68194,38152],{"class":137},[66,68196,110],{"class":102},[66,68198,17264],{"class":106},[66,68200,131],{"class":102},[66,68202,68203],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,68204,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,68206,68207,68209,68211,68213],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,68208,138],{"class":137},[66,68210,110],{"class":102},[66,68212,195],{"class":106},[66,68214,131],{"class":102},[20,68216,148],{},[57,68218,68219],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68220,68221],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68222,68223],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68224,46384],{"class":478},[20,68226,11447],{},[33,68228,68229,68234,68241],{},[36,68230,68231,68233],{},[15,68232,17264],{}," is a list with 3 items",[36,68235,68236,2131,68239],{},[15,68237,68238],{},"len(colors)",[15,68240,1794],{},[36,68242,68243,68244],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68245,195],{},[20,68247,68248],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[57,68250,68252],{"className":59,"code":68251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68253,68254,68286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68255,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68257,12838],{"class":72},[66,68259,77],{"class":76},[66,68261,3370],{"class":102},[66,68263,113],{"class":80},[66,68265,1392],{"class":84},[66,68267,113],{"class":80},[66,68269,121],{"class":102},[66,68271,81],{"class":80},[66,68273,17217],{"class":84},[66,68275,113],{"class":80},[66,68277,121],{"class":102},[66,68279,81],{"class":80},[66,68281,1401],{"class":84},[66,68283,113],{"class":80},[66,68285,3383],{"class":102},[66,68287,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68289,138],{"class":137},[66,68291,110],{"class":102},[66,68293,10924],{"class":137},[66,68295,110],{"class":102},[66,68297,17264],{"class":106},[66,68299,1330],{"class":102},[52,68301,68303],{"id":68302},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68305,68306,68307,103],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68308,1852],{},[57,68310,68312],{"className":59,"code":68311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68313,68314,68322],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68315,68316,68318,68320],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68317,7535],{"class":72},[66,68319,77],{"class":76},[66,68321,7595],{"class":102},[66,68323,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68325,138],{"class":137},[66,68327,110],{"class":102},[66,68329,10924],{"class":137},[66,68331,110],{"class":102},[66,68333,7566],{"class":106},[66,68335,1330],{"class":102},[20,68337,148],{},[57,68339,68340],{"className":59,"code":47019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68341,68342],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68343,68344],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68345,47019],{"class":478},[20,68347,68348],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[57,68350,68352],{"className":59,"code":68351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68353,68354,68362,68366,68384,68398,68404],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68355,68356,68358,68360],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68357,7535],{"class":72},[66,68359,77],{"class":76},[66,68361,7595],{"class":102},[66,68363,68364],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68365,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,68367,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,68369,6752],{"class":3627},[66,68371,38152],{"class":137},[66,68373,110],{"class":102},[66,68375,7566],{"class":106},[66,68377,3410],{"class":102},[66,68379,38162],{"class":76},[66,68381,3584],{"class":478},[66,68383,6146],{"class":102},[66,68385,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,68387,7826],{"class":137},[66,68389,110],{"class":102},[66,68391,7566],{"class":106},[66,68393,3652],{"class":102},[66,68395,1852],{"class":478},[66,68397,3640],{"class":102},[66,68399,68400,68402],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,68401,27199],{"class":3627},[66,68403,6146],{"class":102},[66,68405,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,68407,7826],{"class":137},[66,68409,110],{"class":102},[66,68411,113],{"class":80},[66,68413,51583],{"class":84},[66,68415,113],{"class":80},[66,68417,131],{"class":102},[20,68419,148],{},[57,68421,68423],{"className":59,"code":68422,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The list is empty\n",[15,68424,68425],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68426,68427,68429,68431,68433],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68428,1711],{"class":72},[66,68430,7851],{"class":2641},[66,68432,7854],{"class":76},[66,68434,7860],{"class":72},[20,68436,68437,68438,68440],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[200,68439,52539],{"href":50746}," is a good next step.",[52,68442,68444],{"id":68443},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68446,68447,68449,68450,68453],{},[15,68448,42127],{}," counts only the ",[398,68451,68452],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68455,68456],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[57,68458,68460],{"className":59,"code":68459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68461,68462,68498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68463,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68465,8926],{"class":72},[66,68467,77],{"class":76},[66,68469,56062],{"class":102},[66,68471,2729],{"class":478},[66,68473,121],{"class":102},[66,68475,561],{"class":478},[66,68477,17824],{"class":102},[66,68479,3370],{"class":102},[66,68481,1794],{"class":478},[66,68483,121],{"class":102},[66,68485,2192],{"class":478},[66,68487,17824],{"class":102},[66,68489,3370],{"class":102},[66,68491,1869],{"class":478},[66,68493,121],{"class":102},[66,68495,37409],{"class":478},[66,68497,53010],{"class":102},[66,68499,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68501,138],{"class":137},[66,68503,110],{"class":102},[66,68505,10924],{"class":137},[66,68507,110],{"class":102},[66,68509,8965],{"class":106},[66,68511,1330],{"class":102},[20,68513,148],{},[57,68515,68516],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68517,68518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68519,68520],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68521,46384],{"class":478},[20,68523,68524],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68526,51847],{},[57,68528,68530],{"className":59,"code":68529,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68531,68532,68558],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68533,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68535,59241],{"class":72},[66,68537,77],{"class":76},[66,68539,3370],{"class":102},[66,68541,2729],{"class":478},[66,68543,121],{"class":102},[66,68545,3370],{"class":102},[66,68547,1788],{"class":478},[66,68549,121],{"class":102},[66,68551,2186],{"class":478},[66,68553,17824],{"class":102},[66,68555,2192],{"class":478},[66,68557,3383],{"class":102},[66,68559,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68561,138],{"class":137},[66,68563,110],{"class":102},[66,68565,10924],{"class":137},[66,68567,110],{"class":102},[66,68569,59294],{"class":106},[66,68571,1330],{"class":102},[20,68573,148],{},[57,68575,68576],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68577,68578],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68579,68580],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68581,46384],{"class":478},[20,68583,20741,68584,68587],{},[15,68585,68586],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[52,68589,1105],{"id":1104},[258,68591,8176,68593,10854,68596],{"id":68592},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68594,68595],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68597,68041],{},[20,68599,68600],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68602,16406],{},[57,68604,68606],{"className":59,"code":68605,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68607,68608,68628],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68609,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68611,3365],{"class":72},[66,68613,77],{"class":76},[66,68615,3370],{"class":102},[66,68617,2064],{"class":478},[66,68619,121],{"class":102},[66,68621,7546],{"class":478},[66,68623,121],{"class":102},[66,68625,7551],{"class":478},[66,68627,3383],{"class":102},[66,68629,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68631,138],{"class":137},[66,68633,110],{"class":102},[66,68635,3397],{"class":106},[66,68637,103],{"class":102},[66,68639,10924],{"class":106},[66,68641,6949],{"class":102},[20,68643,16418],{},[57,68645,68647],{"className":59,"code":68646,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68648,68649,68669],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68650,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68652,3365],{"class":72},[66,68654,77],{"class":76},[66,68656,3370],{"class":102},[66,68658,2064],{"class":478},[66,68660,121],{"class":102},[66,68662,7546],{"class":478},[66,68664,121],{"class":102},[66,68666,7551],{"class":478},[66,68668,3383],{"class":102},[66,68670,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68672,138],{"class":137},[66,68674,110],{"class":102},[66,68676,10924],{"class":137},[66,68678,110],{"class":102},[66,68680,3397],{"class":106},[66,68682,1330],{"class":102},[20,68684,68685,68687],{},[15,68686,42127],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[258,68689,25453],{"id":25452},[20,68691,16406],{},[57,68693,68695],{"className":59,"code":68694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68696,68697,68717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68698,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68700,3365],{"class":72},[66,68702,77],{"class":76},[66,68704,3370],{"class":102},[66,68706,2064],{"class":478},[66,68708,121],{"class":102},[66,68710,7546],{"class":478},[66,68712,121],{"class":102},[66,68714,7551],{"class":478},[66,68716,3383],{"class":102},[66,68718,68719,68721,68723,68725],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68720,138],{"class":137},[66,68722,110],{"class":102},[66,68724,10924],{"class":137},[66,68726,131],{"class":102},[20,68728,68729],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68731,16418],{},[57,68733,68734],{"className":59,"code":68646,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68735,68736,68756],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68737,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68739,3365],{"class":72},[66,68741,77],{"class":76},[66,68743,3370],{"class":102},[66,68745,2064],{"class":478},[66,68747,121],{"class":102},[66,68749,7546],{"class":478},[66,68751,121],{"class":102},[66,68753,7551],{"class":478},[66,68755,3383],{"class":102},[66,68757,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68759,138],{"class":137},[66,68761,110],{"class":102},[66,68763,10924],{"class":137},[66,68765,110],{"class":102},[66,68767,3397],{"class":106},[66,68769,1330],{"class":102},[258,68771,68773],{"id":68772},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68775,68776,68777,68779],{},"The length of a list is ",[398,68778,4383],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68781,923],{},[57,68783,68785],{"className":59,"code":68784,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68786,68787,68819],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68788,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68790,35857],{"class":72},[66,68792,77],{"class":76},[66,68794,3370],{"class":102},[66,68796,113],{"class":80},[66,68798,200],{"class":84},[66,68800,113],{"class":80},[66,68802,121],{"class":102},[66,68804,81],{"class":80},[66,68806,4514],{"class":84},[66,68808,113],{"class":80},[66,68810,121],{"class":102},[66,68812,81],{"class":80},[66,68814,9501],{"class":84},[66,68816,113],{"class":80},[66,68818,3383],{"class":102},[66,68820,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68822,138],{"class":137},[66,68824,110],{"class":102},[66,68826,10924],{"class":137},[66,68828,110],{"class":102},[66,68830,35910],{"class":106},[66,68832,1330],{"class":102},[20,68834,148],{},[57,68836,68837],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68838,68839],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68840,68841],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68842,46384],{"class":478},[20,68844,68845,68846,18726,68848,103],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68847,1788],{},[15,68849,1794],{},[20,68851,68852],{},"Indexes are:",[33,68854,68855,68862,68868],{},[36,68856,68857,68859,68860],{},[15,68858,1852],{}," for ",[15,68861,17858],{},[36,68863,68864,68859,68866],{},[15,68865,2729],{},[15,68867,65359],{},[36,68869,68870,68859,68872],{},[15,68871,1788],{},[15,68873,66245],{},[20,68875,68876],{},"So this causes an error:",[57,68878,68880],{"className":59,"code":68879,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68881,68882,68914],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68883,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68885,35857],{"class":72},[66,68887,77],{"class":76},[66,68889,3370],{"class":102},[66,68891,113],{"class":80},[66,68893,200],{"class":84},[66,68895,113],{"class":80},[66,68897,121],{"class":102},[66,68899,81],{"class":80},[66,68901,4514],{"class":84},[66,68903,113],{"class":80},[66,68905,121],{"class":102},[66,68907,81],{"class":80},[66,68909,9501],{"class":84},[66,68911,113],{"class":80},[66,68913,3383],{"class":102},[66,68915,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68917,138],{"class":137},[66,68919,110],{"class":102},[66,68921,35910],{"class":106},[66,68923,3652],{"class":102},[66,68925,10924],{"class":137},[66,68927,110],{"class":102},[66,68929,35910],{"class":106},[66,68931,10442],{"class":102},[20,68933,8254,68934,4537,68937,68939,68940,68942],{},[15,68935,68936],{},"len(letters)",[15,68938,1794],{},", and index ",[15,68941,1794],{}," does not exist.",[20,68944,18603],{},[57,68946,68948],{"className":59,"code":68947,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68949,68950,68982],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68951,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68953,35857],{"class":72},[66,68955,77],{"class":76},[66,68957,3370],{"class":102},[66,68959,113],{"class":80},[66,68961,200],{"class":84},[66,68963,113],{"class":80},[66,68965,121],{"class":102},[66,68967,81],{"class":80},[66,68969,4514],{"class":84},[66,68971,113],{"class":80},[66,68973,121],{"class":102},[66,68975,81],{"class":80},[66,68977,9501],{"class":84},[66,68979,113],{"class":80},[66,68981,3383],{"class":102},[66,68983,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,68985,138],{"class":137},[66,68987,110],{"class":102},[66,68989,35910],{"class":106},[66,68991,3652],{"class":102},[66,68993,10924],{"class":137},[66,68995,110],{"class":102},[66,68997,35910],{"class":106},[66,68999,3410],{"class":102},[66,69001,1956],{"class":76},[66,69003,479],{"class":478},[66,69005,3640],{"class":102},[20,69007,148],{},[57,69009,69011],{"className":59,"code":69010,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"c\n",[15,69012,69013],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69014,69015],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69016,69010],{"class":72},[20,69018,69019,69020,103],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[200,69021,69023],{"href":69022},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[258,69025,8176,69027,69029],{"id":69026},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69028,42127],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69031,69032],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69034,69035],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[57,69037,69039],{"className":59,"code":69038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69040,69041,69051,69065,69079],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69042,69043,69045,69047,69049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69044,138],{"class":137},[66,69046,110],{"class":102},[66,69048,8097],{"class":106},[66,69050,131],{"class":102},[66,69052,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69054,138],{"class":137},[66,69056,110],{"class":102},[66,69058,10924],{"class":137},[66,69060,110],{"class":102},[66,69062,8097],{"class":106},[66,69064,1330],{"class":102},[66,69066,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69068,138],{"class":137},[66,69070,110],{"class":102},[66,69072,2964],{"class":2641},[66,69074,110],{"class":102},[66,69076,8097],{"class":106},[66,69078,1330],{"class":102},[66,69080,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,69082,138],{"class":137},[66,69084,110],{"class":102},[66,69086,8097],{"class":106},[66,69088,3652],{"class":102},[66,69090,1852],{"class":478},[66,69092,3640],{"class":102},[20,69094,69095],{},"These help you verify:",[33,69097,69098,69101,69103,69106],{},[36,69099,69100],{},"what the variable contains",[36,69102,60549],{},[36,69104,69105],{},"whether it is really a list",[36,69107,69108],{},"what the first item is",[20,69110,69111,69112,69115],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69113,69114],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[52,69117,4715,69119,69121],{"id":69118},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69120,42127],{}," with lists",[20,69123,69124,69125,69127],{},"You will often use ",[15,69126,42127],{}," in real programs.",[20,69129,9135],{},[33,69131,69132,69134,69137,69140],{},[36,69133,51537],{},[36,69135,69136],{},"Control loops",[36,69138,69139],{},"Validate input or results",[36,69141,69142],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69144,69145],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[57,69147,69149],{"className":59,"code":69148,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69150,69151,69171,69187,69191,69205,69219],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69152,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69154,2291],{"class":72},[66,69156,77],{"class":76},[66,69158,3370],{"class":102},[66,69160,2729],{"class":478},[66,69162,121],{"class":102},[66,69164,561],{"class":478},[66,69166,121],{"class":102},[66,69168,2186],{"class":478},[66,69170,3383],{"class":102},[66,69172,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69174,2319],{"class":72},[66,69176,77],{"class":76},[66,69178,3370],{"class":102},[66,69180,2064],{"class":478},[66,69182,121],{"class":102},[66,69184,7546],{"class":478},[66,69186,3383],{"class":102},[66,69188,69189],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69190,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69192,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,69194,138],{"class":137},[66,69196,110],{"class":102},[66,69198,10924],{"class":137},[66,69200,110],{"class":102},[66,69202,200],{"class":106},[66,69204,1330],{"class":102},[66,69206,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,69208,138],{"class":137},[66,69210,110],{"class":102},[66,69212,10924],{"class":137},[66,69214,110],{"class":102},[66,69216,4514],{"class":106},[66,69218,1330],{"class":102},[66,69220,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,69222,138],{"class":137},[66,69224,110],{"class":102},[66,69226,10924],{"class":137},[66,69228,110],{"class":102},[66,69230,200],{"class":106},[66,69232,3410],{"class":102},[66,69234,38162],{"class":76},[66,69236,38152],{"class":137},[66,69238,110],{"class":102},[66,69240,4514],{"class":106},[66,69242,1330],{"class":102},[20,69244,148],{},[57,69246,69248],{"className":59,"code":69247,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69249,69250,69254,69258],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69251,69252],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69253,46384],{"class":478},[66,69255,69256],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69257,16819],{"class":478},[66,69259,69260],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69261,3732],{"class":3602},[20,69263,69264],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[57,69266,69268],{"className":59,"code":69267,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69269,69270,69302,69306,69328],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69271,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69273,4749],{"class":72},[66,69275,77],{"class":76},[66,69277,3370],{"class":102},[66,69279,113],{"class":80},[66,69281,12643],{"class":84},[66,69283,113],{"class":80},[66,69285,121],{"class":102},[66,69287,81],{"class":80},[66,69289,35707],{"class":84},[66,69291,113],{"class":80},[66,69293,121],{"class":102},[66,69295,81],{"class":80},[66,69297,35716],{"class":84},[66,69299,113],{"class":80},[66,69301,3383],{"class":102},[66,69303,69304],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69305,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69307,69308,69310,69313,69315,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69309,5710],{"class":3627},[66,69311,69312],{"class":72}," i ",[66,69314,3634],{"class":3627},[66,69316,53838],{"class":137},[66,69318,110],{"class":102},[66,69320,10924],{"class":137},[66,69322,110],{"class":102},[66,69324,4793],{"class":106},[66,69326,69327],{"class":102},")):\n",[66,69329,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69341,69343,69345],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,69331,7826],{"class":137},[66,69333,110],{"class":102},[66,69335,35921],{"class":106},[66,69337,121],{"class":102},[66,69339,69340],{"class":106}," names",[66,69342,3652],{"class":102},[66,69344,35921],{"class":106},[66,69346,3640],{"class":102},[20,69348,148],{},[57,69350,69351],{"className":59,"code":35765,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,69352,69353,69359,69365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69354,69355,69357],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69356,1852],{"class":478},[66,69358,35774],{"class":72},[66,69360,69361,69363],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69362,2729],{"class":478},[66,69364,35781],{"class":72},[66,69366,69367,69369],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69368,1788],{"class":478},[66,69370,35788],{"class":72},[20,69372,69373,69374,103],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[200,69375,69377],{"href":69376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69379,69380,69381,69383],{},"You can also read ",[200,69382,51314],{"href":51313}," for a task-focused guide.",[52,69385,1518],{"id":1517},[258,69387,69389],{"id":69388},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69391,160,69392,69395],{},[15,69393,69394],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[258,69397,4897,69399,12478],{"id":69398},"what-does-len-return",[15,69400,69401],{},"len([])",[20,69403,4903,69404,69406],{},[15,69405,1852],{}," because the list is empty.",[258,69408,69410],{"id":69409},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69412,69413],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[258,69415,28094,69417,69419],{"id":69416},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69418,68595],{}," in Python?",[20,69421,30037,69422,7980,69424,69426],{},[15,69423,68041],{},[15,69425,42127],{}," is a built-in function.",[52,69428,1620],{"id":1619},[33,69430,69431,69437,69441,69445,69449],{},[36,69432,69433],{},[200,69434,3321,69435,3254],{"href":42124},[15,69436,42127],{},[36,69438,69439],{},[200,69440,52358],{"href":51313},[36,69442,69443],{},[200,69444,52539],{"href":50746},[36,69446,69447],{},[200,69448,69023],{"href":69022},[36,69450,69451],{},[200,69452,69453],{"href":69376},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1651,69455,69456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":69458},[69459,69460,69462,69463,69464,69465,69473,69475,69483],{"id":14923,"depth":91,"text":14924},{"id":68033,"depth":91,"text":69461},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":282,"depth":91,"text":283},{"id":68302,"depth":91,"text":68303},{"id":68443,"depth":91,"text":68444},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":69466},[69467,69469,69470,69471],{"id":68592,"depth":134,"text":69468},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25452,"depth":134,"text":25453},{"id":68772,"depth":134,"text":68773},{"id":69026,"depth":134,"text":69472},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69118,"depth":91,"text":69474},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":69476},[69477,69478,69480,69481],{"id":69388,"depth":134,"text":69389},{"id":69398,"depth":134,"text":69479},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69409,"depth":134,"text":69410},{"id":69416,"depth":134,"text":69482},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67928,"description":69484},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69490,"title":69491,"body":69492,"description":71474,"extension":1694,"meta":71475,"navigation":338,"path":71476,"seo":71477,"stem":71478,"__hash__":71479},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69493,"toc":71447},[69494,69497,69502,69505,69513,69526,69528,69593,69595,69617,69622,69626,69631,69639,69641,69651,69653,69734,69736,69766,69768,69787,69792,69809,69811,69895,69897,69927,69932,69936,69942,70026,70028,70058,70061,70065,70068,70159,70161,70199,70202,70287,70289,70319,70325,70332,70336,70341,70350,70352,70437,70439,70468,70471,70479,70483,70487,70496,70519,70521,70543,70545,70559,70561,70621,70625,70630,70669,70671,70688,70690,70700,70799,70804,70808,70813,70856,70858,70886,70888,70902,70977,70979,71001,71005,71008,71013,71024,71029,71037,71040,71111,71113,71138,71195,71197,71218,71227,71235,71240,71242,71247,71268,71271,71346,71349,71363,71370,71372,71376,71382,71386,71396,71400,71407,71411,71417,71419,71444],[10,69495,69491],{"id":69496},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69498,69499,69501],{},[15,69500,54850],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69503,69504],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[33,69506,69507,69510],{},[36,69508,69509],{},"delete an item from a list",[36,69511,69512],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69514,69515,69516,69518,69519,8464,69521,69525],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69517,12525],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69520,12525],{},[200,69522,69523],{"href":54840},[15,69524,55297],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[52,69527,55],{"id":54},[57,69529,69531],{"className":59,"code":69530,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69532,69533,69553,69568,69572,69583],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69534,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69536,3365],{"class":72},[66,69538,77],{"class":76},[66,69540,3370],{"class":102},[66,69542,2064],{"class":478},[66,69544,121],{"class":102},[66,69546,7546],{"class":478},[66,69548,121],{"class":102},[66,69550,7551],{"class":478},[66,69552,3383],{"class":102},[66,69554,69555,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69556,69557],{"class":72},"last_item ",[66,69559,77],{"class":76},[66,69561,4016],{"class":72},[66,69563,103],{"class":102},[66,69565,26006],{"class":106},[66,69567,8402],{"class":102},[66,69569,69570],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69571,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69573,69574,69576,69578,69581],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,69575,138],{"class":137},[66,69577,110],{"class":102},[66,69579,69580],{"class":106},"last_item",[66,69582,131],{"class":102},[66,69584,69585,69587,69589,69591],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,69586,138],{"class":137},[66,69588,110],{"class":102},[66,69590,3397],{"class":106},[66,69592,131],{"class":102},[20,69594,148],{},[57,69596,69598],{"className":59,"code":69597,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69599,69600,69605],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69601,69602],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69603,69604],{"class":478},"30\n",[66,69606,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69608,3652],{"class":102},[66,69610,2064],{"class":478},[66,69612,121],{"class":102},[66,69614,7546],{"class":478},[66,69616,3383],{"class":102},[20,69618,160,69619,69621],{},[15,69620,12525],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[52,69623,69625],{"id":69624},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69627,69628,69630],{},[15,69629,12525],{}," has two main jobs:",[33,69632,69633,69636],{},[36,69634,69635],{},"It removes one item from a list",[36,69637,69638],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69640,43416],{},[33,69642,69643,69646,69649],{},[36,69644,69645],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[36,69647,69648],{},"It changes the original list",[36,69650,52513],{},[20,69652,923],{},[57,69654,69656],{"className":59,"code":69655,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69657,69658,69690,69694,69709,69713,69724],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69659,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69661,12838],{"class":72},[66,69663,77],{"class":76},[66,69665,3370],{"class":102},[66,69667,113],{"class":80},[66,69669,1392],{"class":84},[66,69671,113],{"class":80},[66,69673,121],{"class":102},[66,69675,81],{"class":80},[66,69677,17217],{"class":84},[66,69679,113],{"class":80},[66,69681,121],{"class":102},[66,69683,81],{"class":80},[66,69685,1401],{"class":84},[66,69687,113],{"class":80},[66,69689,3383],{"class":102},[66,69691,69692],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69693,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69695,69696,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69697,69698],{"class":72},"removed ",[66,69700,77],{"class":76},[66,69702,12884],{"class":72},[66,69704,103],{"class":102},[66,69706,26006],{"class":106},[66,69708,8402],{"class":102},[66,69710,69711],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,69712,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69714,69715,69717,69719,69722],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,69716,138],{"class":137},[66,69718,110],{"class":102},[66,69720,69721],{"class":106},"removed",[66,69723,131],{"class":102},[66,69725,69726,69728,69730,69732],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,69727,138],{"class":137},[66,69729,110],{"class":102},[66,69731,17264],{"class":106},[66,69733,131],{"class":102},[20,69735,148],{},[57,69737,69739],{"className":59,"code":69738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69740,69741,69746],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69742,69743],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69744,69745],{"class":72},"blue\n",[66,69747,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69749,3652],{"class":102},[66,69751,3044],{"class":80},[66,69753,1392],{"class":84},[66,69755,3044],{"class":80},[66,69757,121],{"class":102},[66,69759,3039],{"class":80},[66,69761,17217],{"class":84},[66,69763,3044],{"class":80},[66,69765,3383],{"class":102},[52,69767,1891],{"id":1890},[57,69769,69771],{"className":59,"code":69770,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69772,69773],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69774,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69776,7851],{"class":2641},[66,69778,103],{"class":102},[66,69780,26006],{"class":106},[66,69782,2726],{"class":102},[66,69784,35612],{"class":106},[66,69786,3640],{"class":102},[20,69788,1711,69789,69791],{},[15,69790,35612],{}," is optional.",[33,69793,69794,69800,69806],{},[36,69795,69796,69797,69799],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69798,12525],{}," removes the last item",[36,69801,69802,69803,69805],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69804,12525],{}," removes the item at that position",[36,69807,69808],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69810,923],{},[57,69812,69814],{"className":59,"code":69813,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69815,69816,69848,69852,69871,69875,69885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69817,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69819,35857],{"class":72},[66,69821,77],{"class":76},[66,69823,3370],{"class":102},[66,69825,113],{"class":80},[66,69827,200],{"class":84},[66,69829,113],{"class":80},[66,69831,121],{"class":102},[66,69833,81],{"class":80},[66,69835,4514],{"class":84},[66,69837,113],{"class":80},[66,69839,121],{"class":102},[66,69841,81],{"class":80},[66,69843,9501],{"class":84},[66,69845,113],{"class":80},[66,69847,3383],{"class":102},[66,69849,69850],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69851,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69853,69854,69856,69858,69861,69863,69865,69867,69869],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69855,28304],{"class":72},[66,69857,77],{"class":76},[66,69859,69860],{"class":72}," letters",[66,69862,103],{"class":102},[66,69864,26006],{"class":106},[66,69866,110],{"class":102},[66,69868,2729],{"class":478},[66,69870,131],{"class":102},[66,69872,69873],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,69874,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69876,69877,69879,69881,69883],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,69878,138],{"class":137},[66,69880,110],{"class":102},[66,69882,23075],{"class":106},[66,69884,131],{"class":102},[66,69886,69887,69889,69891,69893],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,69888,138],{"class":137},[66,69890,110],{"class":102},[66,69892,35910],{"class":106},[66,69894,131],{"class":102},[20,69896,148],{},[57,69898,69900],{"className":59,"code":69899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69901,69902,69907],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69903,69904],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69905,69906],{"class":72},"b\n",[66,69908,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69910,3652],{"class":102},[66,69912,3044],{"class":80},[66,69914,200],{"class":84},[66,69916,3044],{"class":80},[66,69918,121],{"class":102},[66,69920,3039],{"class":80},[66,69922,9501],{"class":84},[66,69924,3044],{"class":80},[66,69926,3383],{"class":102},[20,69928,69929,69930,103],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[200,69931,52539],{"href":50746},[52,69933,69935],{"id":69934},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69937,69938,69939,69941],{},"When you call ",[15,69940,12525],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[57,69943,69945],{"className":59,"code":69944,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69946,69947,69982,69986,70001,70005,70016],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69948,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69960,69962,69964,69966,69969,69971,69973,69975,69978,69980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69950,29664],{"class":72},[66,69952,77],{"class":76},[66,69954,3370],{"class":102},[66,69956,113],{"class":80},[66,69958,69959],{"class":84},"write",[66,69961,113],{"class":80},[66,69963,121],{"class":102},[66,69965,81],{"class":80},[66,69967,69968],{"class":84},"test",[66,69970,113],{"class":80},[66,69972,121],{"class":102},[66,69974,81],{"class":80},[66,69976,69977],{"class":84},"submit",[66,69979,113],{"class":80},[66,69981,3383],{"class":102},[66,69983,69984],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,69985,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,69987,69988,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,69989,69990],{"class":72},"last_task ",[66,69992,77],{"class":76},[66,69994,29742],{"class":72},[66,69996,103],{"class":102},[66,69998,26006],{"class":106},[66,70000,8402],{"class":102},[66,70002,70003],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,70004,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70006,70007,70009,70011,70014],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,70008,138],{"class":137},[66,70010,110],{"class":102},[66,70012,70013],{"class":106},"last_task",[66,70015,131],{"class":102},[66,70017,70018,70020,70022,70024],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,70019,138],{"class":137},[66,70021,110],{"class":102},[66,70023,36273],{"class":106},[66,70025,131],{"class":102},[20,70027,148],{},[57,70029,70031],{"className":59,"code":70030,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70032,70033,70038],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70034,70035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70036,70037],{"class":72},"submit\n",[66,70039,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70041,3652],{"class":102},[66,70043,3044],{"class":80},[66,70045,69959],{"class":84},[66,70047,3044],{"class":80},[66,70049,121],{"class":102},[66,70051,3039],{"class":80},[66,70053,69968],{"class":84},[66,70055,3044],{"class":80},[66,70057,3383],{"class":102},[20,70059,70060],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[52,70062,70064],{"id":70063},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70066,70067],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[57,70069,70071],{"className":59,"code":70070,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70072,70073,70113,70117,70135,70139,70149],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70074,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70076,36006],{"class":72},[66,70078,77],{"class":76},[66,70080,3370],{"class":102},[66,70082,113],{"class":80},[66,70084,3832],{"class":84},[66,70086,113],{"class":80},[66,70088,121],{"class":102},[66,70090,81],{"class":80},[66,70092,627],{"class":84},[66,70094,113],{"class":80},[66,70096,121],{"class":102},[66,70098,81],{"class":80},[66,70100,3849],{"class":84},[66,70102,113],{"class":80},[66,70104,121],{"class":102},[66,70106,81],{"class":80},[66,70108,32989],{"class":84},[66,70110,113],{"class":80},[66,70112,3383],{"class":102},[66,70114,70115],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70116,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70118,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,70120,69698],{"class":72},[66,70122,77],{"class":76},[66,70124,52619],{"class":72},[66,70126,103],{"class":102},[66,70128,26006],{"class":106},[66,70130,110],{"class":102},[66,70132,2729],{"class":478},[66,70134,131],{"class":102},[66,70136,70137],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,70138,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70140,70141,70143,70145,70147],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,70142,138],{"class":137},[66,70144,110],{"class":102},[66,70146,69721],{"class":106},[66,70148,131],{"class":102},[66,70150,70151,70153,70155,70157],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,70152,138],{"class":137},[66,70154,110],{"class":102},[66,70156,36058],{"class":106},[66,70158,131],{"class":102},[20,70160,148],{},[57,70162,70164],{"className":59,"code":70163,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70165,70166,70171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70167,70168],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70169,70170],{"class":72},"banana\n",[66,70172,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70174,3652],{"class":102},[66,70176,3044],{"class":80},[66,70178,3832],{"class":84},[66,70180,3044],{"class":80},[66,70182,121],{"class":102},[66,70184,3039],{"class":80},[66,70186,3849],{"class":84},[66,70188,3044],{"class":80},[66,70190,121],{"class":102},[66,70192,3039],{"class":80},[66,70194,32989],{"class":84},[66,70196,3044],{"class":80},[66,70198,3383],{"class":102},[20,70200,70201],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[57,70203,70205],{"className":59,"code":70204,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70206,70207,70239,70243,70263,70267,70277],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70208,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70210,36006],{"class":72},[66,70212,77],{"class":76},[66,70214,3370],{"class":102},[66,70216,113],{"class":80},[66,70218,3832],{"class":84},[66,70220,113],{"class":80},[66,70222,121],{"class":102},[66,70224,81],{"class":80},[66,70226,627],{"class":84},[66,70228,113],{"class":80},[66,70230,121],{"class":102},[66,70232,81],{"class":80},[66,70234,3849],{"class":84},[66,70236,113],{"class":80},[66,70238,3383],{"class":102},[66,70240,70241],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70242,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70244,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,70246,69698],{"class":72},[66,70248,77],{"class":76},[66,70250,52619],{"class":72},[66,70252,103],{"class":102},[66,70254,26006],{"class":106},[66,70256,110],{"class":102},[66,70258,1753],{"class":76},[66,70260,2729],{"class":478},[66,70262,131],{"class":102},[66,70264,70265],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,70266,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70268,70269,70271,70273,70275],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,70270,138],{"class":137},[66,70272,110],{"class":102},[66,70274,69721],{"class":106},[66,70276,131],{"class":102},[66,70278,70279,70281,70283,70285],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,70280,138],{"class":137},[66,70282,110],{"class":102},[66,70284,36058],{"class":106},[66,70286,131],{"class":102},[20,70288,148],{},[57,70290,70292],{"className":59,"code":70291,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70293,70294,70299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70295,70296],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70297,70298],{"class":72},"cherry\n",[66,70300,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70302,3652],{"class":102},[66,70304,3044],{"class":80},[66,70306,3832],{"class":84},[66,70308,3044],{"class":80},[66,70310,121],{"class":102},[66,70312,3039],{"class":80},[66,70314,627],{"class":84},[66,70316,3044],{"class":80},[66,70318,3383],{"class":102},[20,70320,70321,70322,70324],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70323,65618],{}," means the last item.",[20,70326,70327,70328,103],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[200,70329,70330,774],{"href":58733},[15,70331,64629],{},[52,70333,70335],{"id":70334},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70337,70338,70340],{},[15,70339,12525],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70342,70343,70344,798,70346,103],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70345,12525],{},[200,70347,70348],{"href":54840},[15,70349,55297],{},[20,70351,923],{},[57,70353,70355],{"className":59,"code":70354,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70356,70357,70389,70393,70412,70416,70427],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70358,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70360,4749],{"class":72},[66,70362,77],{"class":76},[66,70364,3370],{"class":102},[66,70366,113],{"class":80},[66,70368,12643],{"class":84},[66,70370,113],{"class":80},[66,70372,121],{"class":102},[66,70374,81],{"class":80},[66,70376,35707],{"class":84},[66,70378,113],{"class":80},[66,70380,121],{"class":102},[66,70382,81],{"class":80},[66,70384,35716],{"class":84},[66,70386,113],{"class":80},[66,70388,3383],{"class":102},[66,70390,70391],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70392,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70394,70395,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,70396,70397],{"class":72},"removed_name ",[66,70399,77],{"class":76},[66,70401,69340],{"class":72},[66,70403,103],{"class":102},[66,70405,26006],{"class":106},[66,70407,110],{"class":102},[66,70409,1852],{"class":478},[66,70411,131],{"class":102},[66,70413,70414],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,70415,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70417,70418,70420,70422,70425],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,70419,138],{"class":137},[66,70421,110],{"class":102},[66,70423,70424],{"class":106},"removed_name",[66,70426,131],{"class":102},[66,70428,70429,70431,70433,70435],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,70430,138],{"class":137},[66,70432,110],{"class":102},[66,70434,4793],{"class":106},[66,70436,131],{"class":102},[20,70438,148],{},[57,70440,70442],{"className":59,"code":70441,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70443,70444,70448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70445,70446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70447,49807],{"class":72},[66,70449,70450,70452,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70451,3652],{"class":102},[66,70453,3044],{"class":80},[66,70455,35707],{"class":84},[66,70457,3044],{"class":80},[66,70459,121],{"class":102},[66,70461,3039],{"class":80},[66,70463,35716],{"class":84},[66,70465,3044],{"class":80},[66,70467,3383],{"class":102},[20,70469,70470],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70472,70473,70474,70476,70477,103],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70475,55297],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70478,3528],{},[52,70480,70482],{"id":70481},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[258,70484,70486],{"id":70485},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70488,70489,70490,70492,70493,103],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70491,12525],{}," raises an ",[15,70494,70495],{},"IndexError",[57,70497,70499],{"className":59,"code":70498,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70500,70501,70509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70502,70503,70505,70507],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70504,7535],{"class":72},[66,70506,77],{"class":76},[66,70508,7595],{"class":102},[66,70510,70511,70513,70515,70517],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70512,7566],{"class":72},[66,70514,103],{"class":102},[66,70516,26006],{"class":106},[66,70518,8402],{"class":102},[20,70520,148],{},[57,70522,70524],{"className":59,"code":70523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70525,70526],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70527,70528,70530,70532,70535,70538,70541],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70529,70495],{"class":2641},[66,70531,1111],{"class":102},[66,70533,70534],{"class":72}," pop ",[66,70536,70537],{"class":3627},"from",[66,70539,70540],{"class":72}," empty ",[66,70542,49653],{"class":2641},[20,70544,39028],{},[33,70546,70547,70552],{},[36,70548,70549,70550],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70551,12525],{},[36,70553,70554,70555,798,70557],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70556,29570],{},[15,70558,29601],{},[20,70560,923],{},[57,70562,70564],{"className":59,"code":70563,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70565,70566,70574,70578,70586,70600,70606],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70567,70568,70570,70572],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70569,7535],{"class":72},[66,70571,77],{"class":76},[66,70573,7595],{"class":102},[66,70575,70576],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70577,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70579,70580,70582,70584],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,70581,6752],{"class":3627},[66,70583,5718],{"class":72},[66,70585,6146],{"class":102},[66,70587,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,70589,7826],{"class":137},[66,70591,110],{"class":102},[66,70593,7566],{"class":106},[66,70595,103],{"class":102},[66,70597,26006],{"class":106},[66,70599,6949],{"class":102},[66,70601,70602,70604],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,70603,27199],{"class":3627},[66,70605,6146],{"class":102},[66,70607,70608,70610,70612,70614,70617,70619],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,70609,7826],{"class":137},[66,70611,110],{"class":102},[66,70613,113],{"class":80},[66,70615,70616],{"class":84},"The list is empty.",[66,70618,113],{"class":80},[66,70620,131],{"class":102},[258,70622,70624],{"id":70623},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70626,70627,70628,103],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70629,70495],{},[57,70631,70633],{"className":59,"code":70632,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70634,70635,70655],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70636,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70638,3365],{"class":72},[66,70640,77],{"class":76},[66,70642,3370],{"class":102},[66,70644,2064],{"class":478},[66,70646,121],{"class":102},[66,70648,7546],{"class":478},[66,70650,121],{"class":102},[66,70652,7551],{"class":478},[66,70654,3383],{"class":102},[66,70656,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70658,3397],{"class":72},[66,70660,103],{"class":102},[66,70662,26006],{"class":106},[66,70664,110],{"class":102},[66,70666,1869],{"class":478},[66,70668,131],{"class":102},[20,70670,148],{},[57,70672,70674],{"className":59,"code":70673,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70675,70676],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70677,70678,70680,70682,70685],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70679,70495],{"class":2641},[66,70681,1111],{"class":102},[66,70683,70684],{"class":72}," pop index out of ",[66,70686,70687],{"class":137},"range\n",[20,70689,39028],{},[33,70691,70692,70697],{},[36,70693,70694,70695],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70696,42127],{},[36,70698,70699],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[57,70701,70703],{"className":59,"code":70702,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70704,70705,70725,70734,70738,70760,70778,70784],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70706,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70708,3365],{"class":72},[66,70710,77],{"class":76},[66,70712,3370],{"class":102},[66,70714,2064],{"class":478},[66,70716,121],{"class":102},[66,70718,7546],{"class":478},[66,70720,121],{"class":102},[66,70722,7551],{"class":478},[66,70724,3383],{"class":102},[66,70726,70727,70730,70732],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70728,70729],{"class":72},"index ",[66,70731,77],{"class":76},[66,70733,45356],{"class":478},[66,70735,70736],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,70737,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70739,70740,70742,70744,70747,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,70741,6752],{"class":3627},[66,70743,3584],{"class":478},[66,70745,70746],{"class":76}," \u003C=",[66,70748,70749],{"class":72}," index ",[66,70751,3033],{"class":76},[66,70753,38152],{"class":137},[66,70755,110],{"class":102},[66,70757,3397],{"class":106},[66,70759,8100],{"class":102},[66,70761,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,70763,7826],{"class":137},[66,70765,110],{"class":102},[66,70767,3397],{"class":106},[66,70769,103],{"class":102},[66,70771,26006],{"class":106},[66,70773,110],{"class":102},[66,70775,35612],{"class":106},[66,70777,1330],{"class":102},[66,70779,70780,70782],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,70781,27199],{"class":3627},[66,70783,6146],{"class":102},[66,70785,70786,70788,70790,70792,70795,70797],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,70787,7826],{"class":137},[66,70789,110],{"class":102},[66,70791,113],{"class":80},[66,70793,70794],{"class":84},"Index is out of range.",[66,70796,113],{"class":80},[66,70798,131],{"class":102},[20,70800,70801,70802,103],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[200,70803,69023],{"href":69022},[258,70805,70807],{"id":70806},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70809,70810,70812],{},[15,70811,12525],{}," expects an integer index.",[57,70814,70816],{"className":59,"code":70815,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70817,70818,70838],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70819,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70821,3365],{"class":72},[66,70823,77],{"class":76},[66,70825,3370],{"class":102},[66,70827,2064],{"class":478},[66,70829,121],{"class":102},[66,70831,7546],{"class":478},[66,70833,121],{"class":102},[66,70835,7551],{"class":478},[66,70837,3383],{"class":102},[66,70839,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850,70852,70854],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70841,3397],{"class":72},[66,70843,103],{"class":102},[66,70845,26006],{"class":106},[66,70847,110],{"class":102},[66,70849,113],{"class":80},[66,70851,2729],{"class":84},[66,70853,113],{"class":80},[66,70855,131],{"class":102},[20,70857,148],{},[57,70859,70861],{"className":59,"code":70860,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70862,70863],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70864,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875,70877,70880,70883],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70866,2746],{"class":2641},[66,70868,1111],{"class":102},[66,70870,3039],{"class":80},[66,70872,3188],{"class":84},[66,70874,3044],{"class":80},[66,70876,24382],{"class":2641},[66,70878,70879],{"class":72}," cannot be interpreted ",[66,70881,70882],{"class":3627},"as",[66,70884,70885],{"class":72}," an integer\n",[20,70887,39028],{},[33,70889,70890,70899],{},[36,70891,70892,70893,1923,70895,1927,70897],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70894,1852],{},[15,70896,2729],{},[15,70898,65618],{},[36,70900,70901],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[57,70903,70905],{"className":59,"code":70904,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70906,70907,70927,70945,70949,70967],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70908,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70910,3365],{"class":72},[66,70912,77],{"class":76},[66,70914,3370],{"class":102},[66,70916,2064],{"class":478},[66,70918,121],{"class":102},[66,70920,7546],{"class":478},[66,70922,121],{"class":102},[66,70924,7551],{"class":478},[66,70926,3383],{"class":102},[66,70928,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70930,70729],{"class":72},[66,70932,77],{"class":76},[66,70934,45043],{"class":2641},[66,70936,110],{"class":102},[66,70938,113],{"class":80},[66,70940,2729],{"class":84},[66,70942,113],{"class":80},[66,70944,131],{"class":102},[66,70946,70947],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,70948,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,70950,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,70952,138],{"class":137},[66,70954,110],{"class":102},[66,70956,3397],{"class":106},[66,70958,103],{"class":102},[66,70960,26006],{"class":106},[66,70962,110],{"class":102},[66,70964,35612],{"class":106},[66,70966,1330],{"class":102},[66,70968,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,70970,138],{"class":137},[66,70972,110],{"class":102},[66,70974,3397],{"class":106},[66,70976,131],{"class":102},[20,70978,148],{},[57,70980,70982],{"className":59,"code":70981,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70983,70984,70989],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70985,70986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70987,70988],{"class":478},"20\n",[66,70990,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,70992,3652],{"class":102},[66,70994,2064],{"class":478},[66,70996,121],{"class":102},[66,70998,7551],{"class":478},[66,71000,3383],{"class":102},[52,71002,71004],{"id":71003},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71006,71007],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[258,71009,160,71011,10364],{"id":71010},"use-pop-when",[15,71012,12525],{},[33,71014,71015,71018,71021],{},[36,71016,71017],{},"you want to remove by index",[36,71019,71020],{},"you want the removed item returned",[36,71022,71023],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[258,71025,160,71027,10364],{"id":71026},"use-remove-when",[15,71028,55297],{},[33,71030,71031,71034],{},[36,71032,71033],{},"you want to remove by value",[36,71035,71036],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71038,71039],{},"Compare these examples:",[57,71041,71043],{"className":59,"code":71042,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71044,71045,71069,71073,71091,71101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71046,71047,71049,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71048,3365],{"class":72},[66,71050,77],{"class":76},[66,71052,3370],{"class":102},[66,71054,2064],{"class":478},[66,71056,121],{"class":102},[66,71058,7546],{"class":478},[66,71060,121],{"class":102},[66,71062,7551],{"class":478},[66,71064,121],{"class":102},[66,71066,7546],{"class":478},[66,71068,3383],{"class":102},[66,71070,71071],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71072,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,71074,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,71076,69698],{"class":72},[66,71078,77],{"class":76},[66,71080,4016],{"class":72},[66,71082,103],{"class":102},[66,71084,26006],{"class":106},[66,71086,110],{"class":102},[66,71088,2729],{"class":478},[66,71090,131],{"class":102},[66,71092,71093,71095,71097,71099],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,71094,138],{"class":137},[66,71096,110],{"class":102},[66,71098,69721],{"class":106},[66,71100,131],{"class":102},[66,71102,71103,71105,71107,71109],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,71104,138],{"class":137},[66,71106,110],{"class":102},[66,71108,3397],{"class":106},[66,71110,131],{"class":102},[20,71112,148],{},[57,71114,71116],{"className":59,"code":71115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71117,71118,71122],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71119,71120],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71121,70988],{"class":478},[66,71123,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71125,3652],{"class":102},[66,71127,2064],{"class":478},[66,71129,121],{"class":102},[66,71131,7551],{"class":478},[66,71133,121],{"class":102},[66,71135,7546],{"class":478},[66,71137,3383],{"class":102},[57,71139,71141],{"className":59,"code":71140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71142,71143,71167,71171,71185],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71144,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71146,3365],{"class":72},[66,71148,77],{"class":76},[66,71150,3370],{"class":102},[66,71152,2064],{"class":478},[66,71154,121],{"class":102},[66,71156,7546],{"class":478},[66,71158,121],{"class":102},[66,71160,7551],{"class":478},[66,71162,121],{"class":102},[66,71164,7546],{"class":478},[66,71166,3383],{"class":102},[66,71168,71169],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71170,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,71172,71173,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,71174,3397],{"class":72},[66,71176,103],{"class":102},[66,71178,34561],{"class":106},[66,71180,110],{"class":102},[66,71182,15516],{"class":478},[66,71184,131],{"class":102},[66,71186,71187,71189,71191,71193],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,71188,138],{"class":137},[66,71190,110],{"class":102},[66,71192,3397],{"class":106},[66,71194,131],{"class":102},[20,71196,148],{},[57,71198,71200],{"className":59,"code":71199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71201,71202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71203,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71205,3652],{"class":102},[66,71207,2064],{"class":478},[66,71209,121],{"class":102},[66,71211,7551],{"class":478},[66,71213,121],{"class":102},[66,71215,7546],{"class":478},[66,71217,3383],{"class":102},[20,71219,71220,71221,71224,71225,103],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71222,71223],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71226,2729],{},[20,71228,56373,71229,71232,71233,103],{},[15,71230,71231],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71234,15516],{},[20,71236,71237,71238,103],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[200,71239,54836],{"href":54835},[52,71241,2568],{"id":2567},[20,71243,71244,71245,1111],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71246,12525],{},[33,71248,71249,71252,71255,71261,71265],{},[36,71250,71251],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[36,71253,71254],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[36,71256,1128,71257,8464,71259],{},[15,71258,12525],{},[15,71260,55297],{},[36,71262,1119,71263,61736],{},[15,71264,12525],{},[36,71266,71267],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71269,71270],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[57,71272,71274],{"className":59,"code":71273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71275,71276,71286,71300,71314,71332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71277,71278,71280,71282,71284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71279,138],{"class":137},[66,71281,110],{"class":102},[66,71283,8097],{"class":106},[66,71285,131],{"class":102},[66,71287,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71289,138],{"class":137},[66,71291,110],{"class":102},[66,71293,10924],{"class":137},[66,71295,110],{"class":102},[66,71297,8097],{"class":106},[66,71299,1330],{"class":102},[66,71301,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,71303,138],{"class":137},[66,71305,110],{"class":102},[66,71307,8097],{"class":106},[66,71309,103],{"class":102},[66,71311,26006],{"class":106},[66,71313,6949],{"class":102},[66,71315,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,71317,138],{"class":137},[66,71319,110],{"class":102},[66,71321,8097],{"class":106},[66,71323,103],{"class":102},[66,71325,26006],{"class":106},[66,71327,110],{"class":102},[66,71329,1852],{"class":478},[66,71331,1330],{"class":102},[66,71333,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,71335,138],{"class":137},[66,71337,110],{"class":102},[66,71339,2964],{"class":2641},[66,71341,110],{"class":102},[66,71343,35612],{"class":106},[66,71345,1330],{"class":102},[20,71347,71348],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[33,71350,71351,71357],{},[36,71352,71353,71356],{},[15,71354,71355],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[36,71358,71359,71362],{},[15,71360,71361],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71364,71365,71366,71369],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71367,71368],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[52,71371,1518],{"id":1517},[258,71373,71375],{"id":71374},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71377,71378,71379,71381],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71380,12525],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[258,71383,71385],{"id":71384},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71387,71388,71390,71391,71393,71394,103],{},[15,71389,12525],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71392,55297],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71395,3528],{},[258,71397,71399],{"id":71398},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71401,71402,71403,71406],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71404,71405],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[258,71408,71410],{"id":71409},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71412,71413,71414,71416],{},"Python raises ",[15,71415,70495],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[52,71418,1620],{"id":1619},[33,71420,71421,71425,71430,71435,71440],{},[36,71422,71423],{},[200,71424,55283],{"href":54835},[36,71426,71427],{},[200,71428,71429],{"href":54840},"Python list remove() method",[36,71431,71432],{},[200,71433,71434],{"href":58733},"Python list index() method",[36,71436,71437],{},[200,71438,71439],{"href":50746},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[36,71441,71442],{},[200,71443,69023],{"href":69022},[1651,71445,71446],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":71448},[71449,71450,71451,71452,71453,71454,71455,71460,71466,71467,71473],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":69624,"depth":91,"text":69625},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":69934,"depth":91,"text":69935},{"id":70063,"depth":91,"text":70064},{"id":70334,"depth":91,"text":70335},{"id":70481,"depth":91,"text":70482,"children":71456},[71457,71458,71459],{"id":70485,"depth":134,"text":70486},{"id":70623,"depth":134,"text":70624},{"id":70806,"depth":134,"text":70807},{"id":71003,"depth":91,"text":71004,"children":71461},[71462,71464],{"id":71010,"depth":134,"text":71463},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71026,"depth":134,"text":71465},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":71468},[71469,71470,71471,71472],{"id":71374,"depth":134,"text":71375},{"id":71384,"depth":134,"text":71385},{"id":71398,"depth":134,"text":71399},{"id":71409,"depth":134,"text":71410},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69491,"description":71474},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71481,"title":71482,"body":71483,"description":73269,"extension":1694,"meta":73270,"navigation":338,"path":73271,"seo":73272,"stem":73273,"__hash__":73274},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71484,"toc":73251},[71485,71488,71493,71499,71501,71571,71577,71581,71586,71607,71610,71677,71679,71700,71708,71710,71729,71745,71747,71812,71814,71839,71841,71843,71908,71910,71935,71937,71951,71954,72007,72009,72030,72034,72042,72115,72117,72150,72156,72162,72253,72255,72280,72286,72375,72377,72401,72403,72407,72462,72464,72496,72499,72502,72596,72598,72631,72637,72643,72647,72654,72680,72684,72749,72751,72776,72780,72861,72863,72892,72897,72902,72908,72912,72919,72941,72945,73004,73006,73030,73039,73044,73046,73050,73079,73081,73156,73159,73173,73179,73181,73185,73188,73192,73197,73201,73210,73214,73222,73224,73248],[10,71486,71482],{"id":71487},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71489,1711,71490,71492],{},[15,71491,54843],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71494,71495,71496,71498],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[398,71497,2208],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[52,71500,55],{"id":54},[57,71502,71504],{"className":59,"code":71503,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71505,71506,71538,71556,71566],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71507,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71509,7535],{"class":72},[66,71511,77],{"class":76},[66,71513,3370],{"class":102},[66,71515,113],{"class":80},[66,71517,3832],{"class":84},[66,71519,113],{"class":80},[66,71521,121],{"class":102},[66,71523,81],{"class":80},[66,71525,627],{"class":84},[66,71527,113],{"class":80},[66,71529,121],{"class":102},[66,71531,81],{"class":80},[66,71533,32989],{"class":84},[66,71535,113],{"class":80},[66,71537,3383],{"class":102},[66,71539,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71541,7566],{"class":72},[66,71543,103],{"class":102},[66,71545,34561],{"class":106},[66,71547,110],{"class":102},[66,71549,113],{"class":80},[66,71551,627],{"class":84},[66,71553,113],{"class":80},[66,71555,131],{"class":102},[66,71557,71558,71560,71562,71564],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,71559,138],{"class":137},[66,71561,110],{"class":102},[66,71563,7566],{"class":106},[66,71565,131],{"class":102},[66,71567,71568],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,71569,71570],{"class":3413},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71572,160,71573,71576],{},[15,71574,71575],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[52,71578,71580],{"id":71579},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71582,71583,71585],{},[15,71584,55297],{}," is a list method that:",[33,71587,71588,71594,71599,71604],{},[36,71589,71590,71591,71593],{},"Deletes the ",[398,71592,29675],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[36,71595,71596,71597],{},"Changes the original list ",[398,71598,11096],{},[36,71600,1522,71601,71603],{},[398,71602,4383],{}," return a new list",[36,71605,71606],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71608,71609],{},"This is important for beginners:",[57,71611,71613],{"className":59,"code":71612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71614,71615,71635,71653,71657,71667],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71616,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71618,3365],{"class":72},[66,71620,77],{"class":76},[66,71622,3370],{"class":102},[66,71624,2729],{"class":478},[66,71626,121],{"class":102},[66,71628,561],{"class":478},[66,71630,121],{"class":102},[66,71632,2186],{"class":478},[66,71634,3383],{"class":102},[66,71636,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71638,447],{"class":72},[66,71640,77],{"class":76},[66,71642,4016],{"class":72},[66,71644,103],{"class":102},[66,71646,34561],{"class":106},[66,71648,110],{"class":102},[66,71650,1788],{"class":478},[66,71652,131],{"class":102},[66,71654,71655],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,71656,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,71658,71659,71661,71663,71665],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,71660,138],{"class":137},[66,71662,110],{"class":102},[66,71664,3397],{"class":106},[66,71666,131],{"class":102},[66,71668,71669,71671,71673,71675],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,71670,138],{"class":137},[66,71672,110],{"class":102},[66,71674,494],{"class":106},[66,71676,131],{"class":102},[20,71678,148],{},[57,71680,71682],{"className":59,"code":71681,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71683,71684,71696],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71685,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71687,3652],{"class":102},[66,71689,2729],{"class":478},[66,71691,121],{"class":102},[66,71693,2186],{"class":478},[66,71695,3383],{"class":102},[66,71697,71698],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71699,11570],{"class":3602},[20,71701,71702,71703,71705,71706,103],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71704,55297],{}," itself returned ",[15,71707,3528],{},[52,71709,207],{"id":206},[57,71711,71713],{"className":59,"code":71712,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71714,71715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71716,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71718,7851],{"class":2641},[66,71720,103],{"class":102},[66,71722,34561],{"class":106},[66,71724,110],{"class":102},[66,71726,2208],{"class":106},[66,71728,131],{"class":102},[33,71730,71731,71736,71739],{},[36,71732,71733,71735],{},[15,71734,2208],{}," is the item you want to delete",[36,71737,71738],{},"Python searches from left to right",[36,71740,71741,71742,71744],{},"Only the ",[398,71743,29675],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71746,923],{},[57,71748,71750],{"className":59,"code":71749,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71751,71752,71784,71802],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71753,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71755,35857],{"class":72},[66,71757,77],{"class":76},[66,71759,3370],{"class":102},[66,71761,113],{"class":80},[66,71763,200],{"class":84},[66,71765,113],{"class":80},[66,71767,121],{"class":102},[66,71769,81],{"class":80},[66,71771,4514],{"class":84},[66,71773,113],{"class":80},[66,71775,121],{"class":102},[66,71777,81],{"class":80},[66,71779,9501],{"class":84},[66,71781,113],{"class":80},[66,71783,3383],{"class":102},[66,71785,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71787,35910],{"class":72},[66,71789,103],{"class":102},[66,71791,34561],{"class":106},[66,71793,110],{"class":102},[66,71795,113],{"class":80},[66,71797,4514],{"class":84},[66,71799,113],{"class":80},[66,71801,131],{"class":102},[66,71803,71804,71806,71808,71810],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,71805,138],{"class":137},[66,71807,110],{"class":102},[66,71809,35910],{"class":106},[66,71811,131],{"class":102},[20,71813,148],{},[57,71815,71817],{"className":59,"code":71816,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71818,71819],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71820,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71822,3652],{"class":102},[66,71824,3044],{"class":80},[66,71826,200],{"class":84},[66,71828,3044],{"class":80},[66,71830,121],{"class":102},[66,71832,3039],{"class":80},[66,71834,9501],{"class":84},[66,71836,3044],{"class":80},[66,71838,3383],{"class":102},[52,71840,283],{"id":282},[20,71842,64938],{},[57,71844,71846],{"className":59,"code":71845,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71847,71848,71880,71898],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71849,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71851,12838],{"class":72},[66,71853,77],{"class":76},[66,71855,3370],{"class":102},[66,71857,113],{"class":80},[66,71859,1392],{"class":84},[66,71861,113],{"class":80},[66,71863,121],{"class":102},[66,71865,81],{"class":80},[66,71867,1401],{"class":84},[66,71869,113],{"class":80},[66,71871,121],{"class":102},[66,71873,81],{"class":80},[66,71875,17217],{"class":84},[66,71877,113],{"class":80},[66,71879,3383],{"class":102},[66,71881,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71883,17264],{"class":72},[66,71885,103],{"class":102},[66,71887,34561],{"class":106},[66,71889,110],{"class":102},[66,71891,113],{"class":80},[66,71893,1401],{"class":84},[66,71895,113],{"class":80},[66,71897,131],{"class":102},[66,71899,71900,71902,71904,71906],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,71901,138],{"class":137},[66,71903,110],{"class":102},[66,71905,17264],{"class":106},[66,71907,131],{"class":102},[20,71909,148],{},[57,71911,71913],{"className":59,"code":71912,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71914,71915],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71916,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71918,3652],{"class":102},[66,71920,3044],{"class":80},[66,71922,1392],{"class":84},[66,71924,3044],{"class":80},[66,71926,121],{"class":102},[66,71928,3039],{"class":80},[66,71930,17217],{"class":84},[66,71932,3044],{"class":80},[66,71934,3383],{"class":102},[20,71936,11447],{},[33,71938,71939,71942,71948],{},[36,71940,71941],{},"A list is created with three values",[36,71943,71944,71947],{},[15,71945,71946],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[36,71949,71950],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71952,71953],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[57,71955,71957],{"className":59,"code":71956,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71958,71959,71983,71997],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71960,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71962,4818],{"class":72},[66,71964,77],{"class":76},[66,71966,3370],{"class":102},[66,71968,2064],{"class":478},[66,71970,121],{"class":102},[66,71972,7546],{"class":478},[66,71974,121],{"class":102},[66,71976,7551],{"class":478},[66,71978,121],{"class":102},[66,71980,50611],{"class":478},[66,71982,3383],{"class":102},[66,71984,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,71986,16151],{"class":72},[66,71988,103],{"class":102},[66,71990,34561],{"class":106},[66,71992,110],{"class":102},[66,71994,36608],{"class":478},[66,71996,131],{"class":102},[66,71998,71999,72001,72003,72005],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72000,138],{"class":137},[66,72002,110],{"class":102},[66,72004,16151],{"class":106},[66,72006,131],{"class":102},[20,72008,148],{},[57,72010,72012],{"className":59,"code":72011,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72013,72014],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72015,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72017,3652],{"class":102},[66,72019,2064],{"class":478},[66,72021,121],{"class":102},[66,72023,7546],{"class":478},[66,72025,121],{"class":102},[66,72027,50611],{"class":478},[66,72029,3383],{"class":102},[52,72031,72033],{"id":72032},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72035,64928,72036,72038,72039,72041],{},[15,72037,55297],{}," deletes only the ",[398,72040,29675],{}," one.",[57,72043,72045],{"className":59,"code":72044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72046,72047,72087,72105],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72048,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72050,7535],{"class":72},[66,72052,77],{"class":76},[66,72054,3370],{"class":102},[66,72056,113],{"class":80},[66,72058,3832],{"class":84},[66,72060,113],{"class":80},[66,72062,121],{"class":102},[66,72064,81],{"class":80},[66,72066,627],{"class":84},[66,72068,113],{"class":80},[66,72070,121],{"class":102},[66,72072,81],{"class":80},[66,72074,3832],{"class":84},[66,72076,113],{"class":80},[66,72078,121],{"class":102},[66,72080,81],{"class":80},[66,72082,32989],{"class":84},[66,72084,113],{"class":80},[66,72086,3383],{"class":102},[66,72088,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72090,7566],{"class":72},[66,72092,103],{"class":102},[66,72094,34561],{"class":106},[66,72096,110],{"class":102},[66,72098,113],{"class":80},[66,72100,3832],{"class":84},[66,72102,113],{"class":80},[66,72104,131],{"class":102},[66,72106,72107,72109,72111,72113],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72108,138],{"class":137},[66,72110,110],{"class":102},[66,72112,7566],{"class":106},[66,72114,131],{"class":102},[20,72116,148],{},[57,72118,72120],{"className":59,"code":72119,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72121,72122],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72123,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72125,3652],{"class":102},[66,72127,3044],{"class":80},[66,72129,627],{"class":84},[66,72131,3044],{"class":80},[66,72133,121],{"class":102},[66,72135,3039],{"class":80},[66,72137,3832],{"class":84},[66,72139,3044],{"class":80},[66,72141,121],{"class":102},[66,72143,3039],{"class":80},[66,72145,32989],{"class":84},[66,72147,3044],{"class":80},[66,72149,3383],{"class":102},[20,72151,72152,72153,72155],{},"Only the first ",[15,72154,57602],{}," was removed.",[20,72157,72158,72159,72161],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72160,55297],{}," again:",[57,72163,72165],{"className":59,"code":72164,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72166,72167,72207,72225,72243],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72168,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72170,7535],{"class":72},[66,72172,77],{"class":76},[66,72174,3370],{"class":102},[66,72176,113],{"class":80},[66,72178,3832],{"class":84},[66,72180,113],{"class":80},[66,72182,121],{"class":102},[66,72184,81],{"class":80},[66,72186,627],{"class":84},[66,72188,113],{"class":80},[66,72190,121],{"class":102},[66,72192,81],{"class":80},[66,72194,3832],{"class":84},[66,72196,113],{"class":80},[66,72198,121],{"class":102},[66,72200,81],{"class":80},[66,72202,32989],{"class":84},[66,72204,113],{"class":80},[66,72206,3383],{"class":102},[66,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72210,7566],{"class":72},[66,72212,103],{"class":102},[66,72214,34561],{"class":106},[66,72216,110],{"class":102},[66,72218,113],{"class":80},[66,72220,3832],{"class":84},[66,72222,113],{"class":80},[66,72224,131],{"class":102},[66,72226,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72228,7566],{"class":72},[66,72230,103],{"class":102},[66,72232,34561],{"class":106},[66,72234,110],{"class":102},[66,72236,113],{"class":80},[66,72238,3832],{"class":84},[66,72240,113],{"class":80},[66,72242,131],{"class":102},[66,72244,72245,72247,72249,72251],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,72246,138],{"class":137},[66,72248,110],{"class":102},[66,72250,7566],{"class":106},[66,72252,131],{"class":102},[20,72254,148],{},[57,72256,72258],{"className":59,"code":72257,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72259,72260],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72261,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72263,3652],{"class":102},[66,72265,3044],{"class":80},[66,72267,627],{"class":84},[66,72269,3044],{"class":80},[66,72271,121],{"class":102},[66,72273,3039],{"class":80},[66,72275,32989],{"class":84},[66,72277,3044],{"class":80},[66,72279,3383],{"class":102},[20,72281,72282,72283,72285],{},"If you need to remove ",[398,72284,3465],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[57,72287,72289],{"className":59,"code":72288,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72290,72291,72331,72365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72292,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72294,7535],{"class":72},[66,72296,77],{"class":76},[66,72298,3370],{"class":102},[66,72300,113],{"class":80},[66,72302,3832],{"class":84},[66,72304,113],{"class":80},[66,72306,121],{"class":102},[66,72308,81],{"class":80},[66,72310,627],{"class":84},[66,72312,113],{"class":80},[66,72314,121],{"class":102},[66,72316,81],{"class":80},[66,72318,3832],{"class":84},[66,72320,113],{"class":80},[66,72322,121],{"class":102},[66,72324,81],{"class":80},[66,72326,32989],{"class":84},[66,72328,113],{"class":80},[66,72330,3383],{"class":102},[66,72332,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72350,72352,72354,72357,72359,72361,72363],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72334,7535],{"class":72},[66,72336,77],{"class":76},[66,72338,3370],{"class":102},[66,72340,28304],{"class":72},[66,72342,5710],{"class":3627},[66,72344,5713],{"class":72},[66,72346,3634],{"class":3627},[66,72348,72349],{"class":72}," items ",[66,72351,6752],{"class":3627},[66,72353,5713],{"class":72},[66,72355,72356],{"class":76},"!=",[66,72358,81],{"class":80},[66,72360,3832],{"class":84},[66,72362,113],{"class":80},[66,72364,3383],{"class":102},[66,72366,72367,72369,72371,72373],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72368,138],{"class":137},[66,72370,110],{"class":102},[66,72372,7566],{"class":106},[66,72374,131],{"class":102},[20,72376,148],{},[57,72378,72379],{"className":59,"code":72257,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,72380,72381],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72382,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72384,3652],{"class":102},[66,72386,3044],{"class":80},[66,72388,627],{"class":84},[66,72390,3044],{"class":80},[66,72392,121],{"class":102},[66,72394,3039],{"class":80},[66,72396,32989],{"class":84},[66,72398,3044],{"class":80},[66,72400,3383],{"class":102},[52,72402,65394],{"id":65393},[20,72404,65397,72405,103],{},[15,72406,40471],{},[57,72408,72410],{"className":59,"code":72409,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72411,72412,72444],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72413,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72415,7535],{"class":72},[66,72417,77],{"class":76},[66,72419,3370],{"class":102},[66,72421,113],{"class":80},[66,72423,3832],{"class":84},[66,72425,113],{"class":80},[66,72427,121],{"class":102},[66,72429,81],{"class":80},[66,72431,627],{"class":84},[66,72433,113],{"class":80},[66,72435,121],{"class":102},[66,72437,81],{"class":80},[66,72439,32989],{"class":84},[66,72441,113],{"class":80},[66,72443,3383],{"class":102},[66,72445,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72447,7566],{"class":72},[66,72449,103],{"class":102},[66,72451,34561],{"class":106},[66,72453,110],{"class":102},[66,72455,113],{"class":80},[66,72457,22297],{"class":84},[66,72459,113],{"class":80},[66,72461,131],{"class":102},[20,72463,148],{},[57,72465,72467],{"className":59,"code":72466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72468,72469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72470,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72472,40471],{"class":2641},[66,72474,1111],{"class":102},[66,72476,22324],{"class":2641},[66,72478,103],{"class":102},[66,72480,34561],{"class":106},[66,72482,110],{"class":102},[66,72484,960],{"class":106},[66,72486,16214],{"class":102},[66,72488,3631],{"class":72},[66,72490,4383],{"class":76},[66,72492,20937],{"class":76},[66,72494,72495],{"class":2641}," list\n",[20,72497,72498],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72500,72501],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[57,72503,72505],{"className":59,"code":72504,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72506,72507,72539,72551,72555,72567,72582,72586],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72508,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72510,7535],{"class":72},[66,72512,77],{"class":76},[66,72514,3370],{"class":102},[66,72516,113],{"class":80},[66,72518,3832],{"class":84},[66,72520,113],{"class":80},[66,72522,121],{"class":102},[66,72524,81],{"class":80},[66,72526,627],{"class":84},[66,72528,113],{"class":80},[66,72530,121],{"class":102},[66,72532,81],{"class":80},[66,72534,32989],{"class":84},[66,72536,113],{"class":80},[66,72538,3383],{"class":102},[66,72540,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72542,2181],{"class":72},[66,72544,77],{"class":76},[66,72546,81],{"class":80},[66,72548,22297],{"class":84},[66,72550,88],{"class":80},[66,72552,72553],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72554,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,72556,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,72558,6752],{"class":3627},[66,72560,21348],{"class":72},[66,72562,3634],{"class":76},[66,72564,5718],{"class":72},[66,72566,6146],{"class":102},[66,72568,72569,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,72570,72571],{"class":72},"    items",[66,72573,103],{"class":102},[66,72575,34561],{"class":106},[66,72577,110],{"class":102},[66,72579,2208],{"class":106},[66,72581,131],{"class":102},[66,72583,72584],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,72585,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,72587,72588,72590,72592,72594],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,72589,138],{"class":137},[66,72591,110],{"class":102},[66,72593,7566],{"class":106},[66,72595,131],{"class":102},[20,72597,148],{},[57,72599,72601],{"className":59,"code":72600,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72602,72603],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72604,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72606,3652],{"class":102},[66,72608,3044],{"class":80},[66,72610,3832],{"class":84},[66,72612,3044],{"class":80},[66,72614,121],{"class":102},[66,72616,3039],{"class":80},[66,72618,627],{"class":84},[66,72620,3044],{"class":80},[66,72622,121],{"class":102},[66,72624,3039],{"class":80},[66,72626,32989],{"class":84},[66,72628,3044],{"class":80},[66,72630,3383],{"class":102},[20,72632,72633,72634,72636],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72635,55297],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72638,72639,72640,103],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[200,72641,65603],{"href":72642},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[52,72644,72646],{"id":72645},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72648,72649,798,72651,72653],{},[15,72650,55297],{},[15,72652,12525],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[33,72655,72656,72663,72669,72675],{},[36,72657,72658,72660,72661],{},[15,72659,55297],{}," deletes by ",[398,72662,2208],{},[36,72664,72665,72660,72667],{},[15,72666,12525],{},[398,72668,35612],{},[36,72670,72671,2131,72673],{},[15,72672,55297],{},[15,72674,3528],{},[36,72676,72677,72679],{},[15,72678,12525],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72681,45807,72682,1111],{},[15,72683,55297],{},[57,72685,72687],{"className":59,"code":72686,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72688,72689,72721,72739],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72690,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72692,7535],{"class":72},[66,72694,77],{"class":76},[66,72696,3370],{"class":102},[66,72698,113],{"class":80},[66,72700,3832],{"class":84},[66,72702,113],{"class":80},[66,72704,121],{"class":102},[66,72706,81],{"class":80},[66,72708,627],{"class":84},[66,72710,113],{"class":80},[66,72712,121],{"class":102},[66,72714,81],{"class":80},[66,72716,32989],{"class":84},[66,72718,113],{"class":80},[66,72720,3383],{"class":102},[66,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72724,7566],{"class":72},[66,72726,103],{"class":102},[66,72728,34561],{"class":106},[66,72730,110],{"class":102},[66,72732,113],{"class":80},[66,72734,627],{"class":84},[66,72736,113],{"class":80},[66,72738,131],{"class":102},[66,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72742,138],{"class":137},[66,72744,110],{"class":102},[66,72746,7566],{"class":106},[66,72748,131],{"class":102},[20,72750,148],{},[57,72752,72754],{"className":59,"code":72753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72755,72756],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72757,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72759,3652],{"class":102},[66,72761,3044],{"class":80},[66,72763,3832],{"class":84},[66,72765,3044],{"class":80},[66,72767,121],{"class":102},[66,72769,3039],{"class":80},[66,72771,32989],{"class":84},[66,72773,3044],{"class":80},[66,72775,3383],{"class":102},[20,72777,45807,72778,1111],{},[15,72779,12525],{},[57,72781,72783],{"className":59,"code":72782,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72784,72785,72817,72836,72840,72850],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72786,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72788,7535],{"class":72},[66,72790,77],{"class":76},[66,72792,3370],{"class":102},[66,72794,113],{"class":80},[66,72796,3832],{"class":84},[66,72798,113],{"class":80},[66,72800,121],{"class":102},[66,72802,81],{"class":80},[66,72804,627],{"class":84},[66,72806,113],{"class":80},[66,72808,121],{"class":102},[66,72810,81],{"class":80},[66,72812,32989],{"class":84},[66,72814,113],{"class":80},[66,72816,3383],{"class":102},[66,72818,72819,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72820,72821],{"class":72},"removed_item ",[66,72823,77],{"class":76},[66,72825,5718],{"class":72},[66,72827,103],{"class":102},[66,72829,26006],{"class":106},[66,72831,110],{"class":102},[66,72833,2729],{"class":478},[66,72835,131],{"class":102},[66,72837,72838],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72839,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,72841,72842,72844,72846,72848],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,72843,138],{"class":137},[66,72845,110],{"class":102},[66,72847,7566],{"class":106},[66,72849,131],{"class":102},[66,72851,72852,72854,72856,72859],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,72853,138],{"class":137},[66,72855,110],{"class":102},[66,72857,72858],{"class":106},"removed_item",[66,72860,131],{"class":102},[20,72862,148],{},[57,72864,72866],{"className":59,"code":72865,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72867,72868,72888],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72869,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72871,3652],{"class":102},[66,72873,3044],{"class":80},[66,72875,3832],{"class":84},[66,72877,3044],{"class":80},[66,72879,121],{"class":102},[66,72881,3039],{"class":80},[66,72883,32989],{"class":84},[66,72885,3044],{"class":80},[66,72887,3383],{"class":102},[66,72889,72890],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72891,70170],{"class":72},[20,72893,160,72894,72896],{},[15,72895,55297],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72898,160,72899,72901],{},[15,72900,12525],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72903,72904,72905,103],{},"For more detail, see the ",[200,72906,72907],{"href":54847},"Python list pop() method",[52,72909,72911],{"id":72910},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72913,72914,798,72916,72918],{},[15,72915,55297],{},[15,72917,26790],{}," are also different.",[33,72920,72921,72926,72931,72936],{},[36,72922,72923,72925],{},[15,72924,55297],{}," deletes by matching value",[36,72927,72928,72930],{},[15,72929,26790],{}," deletes by index or slice",[36,72932,160,72933,72935],{},[15,72934,26790],{}," when you know the position",[36,72937,160,72938,72940],{},[15,72939,55297],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72942,45807,72943,1111],{},[15,72944,26790],{},[57,72946,72948],{"className":59,"code":72947,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72949,72950,72982,72994],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72951,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72953,7535],{"class":72},[66,72955,77],{"class":76},[66,72957,3370],{"class":102},[66,72959,113],{"class":80},[66,72961,3832],{"class":84},[66,72963,113],{"class":80},[66,72965,121],{"class":102},[66,72967,81],{"class":80},[66,72969,627],{"class":84},[66,72971,113],{"class":80},[66,72973,121],{"class":102},[66,72975,81],{"class":80},[66,72977,32989],{"class":84},[66,72979,113],{"class":80},[66,72981,3383],{"class":102},[66,72983,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,72985,26790],{"class":3627},[66,72987,5718],{"class":72},[66,72989,3652],{"class":102},[66,72991,2729],{"class":478},[66,72993,3383],{"class":102},[66,72995,72996,72998,73000,73002],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,72997,138],{"class":137},[66,72999,110],{"class":102},[66,73001,7566],{"class":106},[66,73003,131],{"class":102},[20,73005,148],{},[57,73007,73008],{"className":59,"code":72753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,73009,73010],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73011,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73013,3652],{"class":102},[66,73015,3044],{"class":80},[66,73017,3832],{"class":84},[66,73019,3044],{"class":80},[66,73021,121],{"class":102},[66,73023,3039],{"class":80},[66,73025,32989],{"class":84},[66,73027,3044],{"class":80},[66,73029,3383],{"class":102},[20,73031,73032,73033,73035,73036,73038],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73034,2729],{},", not the value ",[15,73037,65038],{}," directly.",[20,73040,73041,73042,103],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[200,73043,54836],{"href":54835},[52,73045,2568],{"id":2567},[20,73047,20975,73048,1111],{},[15,73049,55297],{},[33,73051,73052,73055,73060,73067,73076],{},[36,73053,73054],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[36,73056,1119,73057,73059],{},[15,73058,55297],{}," to delete all matching values",[36,73061,12357,73062,73064,73065],{},[15,73063,55297],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73066,3528],{},[36,73068,8176,73069,44396,73071,2617,73073,73075],{},[15,73070,55297],{},[15,73072,12525],{},[15,73074,26790],{}," would be a better fit",[36,73077,73078],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73080,71270],{},[57,73082,73084],{"className":59,"code":73083,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73085,73086,73096,73110,73128,73142],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73087,73088,73090,73092,73094],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73089,138],{"class":137},[66,73091,110],{"class":102},[66,73093,8097],{"class":106},[66,73095,131],{"class":102},[66,73097,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73099,138],{"class":137},[66,73101,110],{"class":102},[66,73103,2181],{"class":106},[66,73105,3634],{"class":3627},[66,73107,8154],{"class":106},[66,73109,131],{"class":102},[66,73111,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,73113,138],{"class":137},[66,73115,110],{"class":102},[66,73117,8097],{"class":106},[66,73119,103],{"class":102},[66,73121,195],{"class":106},[66,73123,110],{"class":102},[66,73125,2208],{"class":106},[66,73127,1330],{"class":102},[66,73129,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,73131,138],{"class":137},[66,73133,110],{"class":102},[66,73135,2964],{"class":2641},[66,73137,110],{"class":102},[66,73139,8097],{"class":106},[66,73141,1330],{"class":102},[66,73143,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,73145,31920],{"class":137},[66,73147,110],{"class":102},[66,73149,7851],{"class":2641},[66,73151,103],{"class":102},[66,73153,34561],{"class":24515},[66,73155,131],{"class":102},[20,73157,73158],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[33,73160,73161,73164,73167,73170],{},[36,73162,73163],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[36,73165,73166],{},"How many times does it appear?",[36,73168,73169],{},"Am I working with a list?",[36,73171,73172],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73174,73175,73176,73178],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[200,73177,71434],{"href":58733}," may also help.",[52,73180,1518],{"id":1517},[258,73182,73184],{"id":73183},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73186,73187],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[258,73189,73191],{"id":73190},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73193,4903,73194,73196],{},[15,73195,3528],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[258,73198,73200],{"id":73199},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73202,73203,73204,73207,73208,103],{},"Check with ",[15,73205,73206],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73209,55297],{},[258,73211,73213],{"id":73212},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73215,160,73216,73218,73219,73221],{},[15,73217,55297],{}," for a value and ",[15,73220,12525],{}," for an index.",[52,73223,1620],{"id":1619},[33,73225,73226,73230,73234,73238,73242],{},[36,73227,73228],{},[200,73229,55283],{"href":54835},[36,73231,73232],{},[200,73233,72907],{"href":54847},[36,73235,73236],{},[200,73237,71434],{"href":58733},[36,73239,73240],{},[200,73241,65603],{"href":72642},[36,73243,73244],{},[200,73245,73247],{"href":73246},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1651,73249,73250],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":73252},[73253,73254,73255,73256,73257,73258,73259,73260,73261,73262,73268],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":71579,"depth":91,"text":71580},{"id":206,"depth":91,"text":207},{"id":282,"depth":91,"text":283},{"id":72032,"depth":91,"text":72033},{"id":65393,"depth":91,"text":65394},{"id":72645,"depth":91,"text":72646},{"id":72910,"depth":91,"text":72911},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":73263},[73264,73265,73266,73267],{"id":73183,"depth":134,"text":73184},{"id":73190,"depth":134,"text":73191},{"id":73199,"depth":134,"text":73200},{"id":73212,"depth":134,"text":73213},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71482,"description":73269},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73276,"title":73277,"body":73278,"description":75169,"extension":1694,"meta":75170,"navigation":338,"path":75171,"seo":75172,"stem":75173,"__hash__":75174},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73279,"toc":75139},[73280,73286,73292,73295,73306,73308,73357,73362,73367,73371,73386,73388,73453,73455,73496,73498,73500,73515,73517,73528,73530,73587,73589,73622,73624,73627,73676,73678,73703,73705,73721,73727,73734,73795,73797,73830,73835,73838,73918,73920,73981,73987,73991,73994,74058,74060,74085,74087,74107,74109,74158,74160,74181,74190,74193,74197,74202,74247,74249,74270,74276,74281,74289,74353,74355,74392,74398,74402,74409,74474,74476,74513,74517,74534,74544,74549,74554,74565,74572,74574,74580,74603,74606,74633,74638,74641,74742,74744,74799,74802,74909,74911,74982,74985,75011,75013,75018,75022,75030,75035,75040,75046,75051,75055,75058,75075,75078,75098,75106,75108,75136],[10,73281,54110,73283,18],{"id":73282},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73284,73285],{},"reverse()",[20,73287,73288,73291],{},[15,73289,73290],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73293,73294],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73296,73297,73298,73300,73301,73305],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73299,73285],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[200,73302,73304],{"href":73303},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[52,73307,3355],{"id":3354},[57,73309,73311],{"className":59,"code":73310,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73312,73313,73333,73344],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73314,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73316,3365],{"class":72},[66,73318,77],{"class":76},[66,73320,3370],{"class":102},[66,73322,2729],{"class":478},[66,73324,121],{"class":102},[66,73326,561],{"class":478},[66,73328,121],{"class":102},[66,73330,2186],{"class":478},[66,73332,3383],{"class":102},[66,73334,73335,73337,73339,73342],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73336,3397],{"class":72},[66,73338,103],{"class":102},[66,73340,73341],{"class":106},"reverse",[66,73343,8402],{"class":102},[66,73345,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,73347,138],{"class":137},[66,73349,110],{"class":102},[66,73351,3397],{"class":106},[66,73353,3410],{"class":102},[66,73355,73356],{"class":3413},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73358,73359,73361],{},[15,73360,73285],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[52,73363,168,73365,41],{"id":73364},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73366,73290],{},[20,73368,73369,1111],{},[15,73370,73290],{},[33,73372,73373,73376,73379,73383],{},[36,73374,73375],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[36,73377,73378],{},"Changes the original list directly",[36,73380,11186,73381],{},[15,73382,3528],{},[36,73384,73385],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73387,923],{},[57,73389,73391],{"className":59,"code":73390,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73392,73393,73433,73443],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73394,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73396,35857],{"class":72},[66,73398,77],{"class":76},[66,73400,3370],{"class":102},[66,73402,113],{"class":80},[66,73404,200],{"class":84},[66,73406,113],{"class":80},[66,73408,121],{"class":102},[66,73410,81],{"class":80},[66,73412,4514],{"class":84},[66,73414,113],{"class":80},[66,73416,121],{"class":102},[66,73418,81],{"class":80},[66,73420,9501],{"class":84},[66,73422,113],{"class":80},[66,73424,121],{"class":102},[66,73426,81],{"class":80},[66,73428,18530],{"class":84},[66,73430,113],{"class":80},[66,73432,3383],{"class":102},[66,73434,73435,73437,73439,73441],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73436,35910],{"class":72},[66,73438,103],{"class":102},[66,73440,73341],{"class":106},[66,73442,8402],{"class":102},[66,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,73446,138],{"class":137},[66,73448,110],{"class":102},[66,73450,35910],{"class":106},[66,73452,131],{"class":102},[20,73454,148],{},[57,73456,73458],{"className":59,"code":73457,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73459,73460],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73461,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73463,3652],{"class":102},[66,73465,3044],{"class":80},[66,73467,18530],{"class":84},[66,73469,3044],{"class":80},[66,73471,121],{"class":102},[66,73473,3039],{"class":80},[66,73475,9501],{"class":84},[66,73477,3044],{"class":80},[66,73479,121],{"class":102},[66,73481,3039],{"class":80},[66,73483,4514],{"class":84},[66,73485,3044],{"class":80},[66,73487,121],{"class":102},[66,73489,3039],{"class":80},[66,73491,200],{"class":84},[66,73493,3044],{"class":80},[66,73495,3383],{"class":102},[52,73497,1891],{"id":1890},[20,73499,1894],{},[57,73501,73503],{"className":59,"code":73502,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73504,73505],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73506,73507,73509,73511,73513],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73508,8097],{"class":72},[66,73510,103],{"class":102},[66,73512,73341],{"class":106},[66,73514,8402],{"class":102},[20,73516,178],{},[33,73518,73519,73522,73525],{},[36,73520,73521],{},"No arguments are needed",[36,73523,73524],{},"You call it on an existing list",[36,73526,73527],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73529,923],{},[57,73531,73533],{"className":59,"code":73532,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73534,73535,73567,73577],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73536,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73538,12838],{"class":72},[66,73540,77],{"class":76},[66,73542,3370],{"class":102},[66,73544,113],{"class":80},[66,73546,1392],{"class":84},[66,73548,113],{"class":80},[66,73550,121],{"class":102},[66,73552,81],{"class":80},[66,73554,17217],{"class":84},[66,73556,113],{"class":80},[66,73558,121],{"class":102},[66,73560,81],{"class":80},[66,73562,1401],{"class":84},[66,73564,113],{"class":80},[66,73566,3383],{"class":102},[66,73568,73569,73571,73573,73575],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73570,17264],{"class":72},[66,73572,103],{"class":102},[66,73574,73341],{"class":106},[66,73576,8402],{"class":102},[66,73578,73579,73581,73583,73585],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,73580,138],{"class":137},[66,73582,110],{"class":102},[66,73584,17264],{"class":106},[66,73586,131],{"class":102},[20,73588,148],{},[57,73590,73592],{"className":59,"code":73591,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73593,73594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73595,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73597,3652],{"class":102},[66,73599,3044],{"class":80},[66,73601,1401],{"class":84},[66,73603,3044],{"class":80},[66,73605,121],{"class":102},[66,73607,3039],{"class":80},[66,73609,17217],{"class":84},[66,73611,3044],{"class":80},[66,73613,121],{"class":102},[66,73615,3039],{"class":80},[66,73617,1392],{"class":84},[66,73619,3044],{"class":80},[66,73621,3383],{"class":102},[52,73623,11238],{"id":11237},[20,73625,73626],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[57,73628,73630],{"className":59,"code":73629,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73631,73632,73656,73666],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73633,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73635,3365],{"class":72},[66,73637,77],{"class":76},[66,73639,3370],{"class":102},[66,73641,2064],{"class":478},[66,73643,121],{"class":102},[66,73645,7546],{"class":478},[66,73647,121],{"class":102},[66,73649,7551],{"class":478},[66,73651,121],{"class":102},[66,73653,50611],{"class":478},[66,73655,3383],{"class":102},[66,73657,73658,73660,73662,73664],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73659,3397],{"class":72},[66,73661,103],{"class":102},[66,73663,73341],{"class":106},[66,73665,8402],{"class":102},[66,73667,73668,73670,73672,73674],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,73669,138],{"class":137},[66,73671,110],{"class":102},[66,73673,3397],{"class":106},[66,73675,131],{"class":102},[20,73677,148],{},[57,73679,73681],{"className":59,"code":73680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73682,73683],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73684,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73686,3652],{"class":102},[66,73688,56461],{"class":478},[66,73690,121],{"class":102},[66,73692,7551],{"class":478},[66,73694,121],{"class":102},[66,73696,7546],{"class":478},[66,73698,121],{"class":102},[66,73700,5757],{"class":478},[66,73702,3383],{"class":102},[20,73704,11447],{},[33,73706,73707,73713,73718],{},[36,73708,73709,73710],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73711,73712],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[36,73714,73715,73717],{},[15,73716,73285],{}," flips the order",[36,73719,73720],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[52,73722,73724,73726],{"id":73723},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73725,73285],{}," changes the original list",[20,73728,73729,73730,73733],{},"This method is ",[398,73731,73732],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[57,73735,73737],{"className":59,"code":73736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73738,73739,73771,73781,73785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73740,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73742,36006],{"class":72},[66,73744,77],{"class":76},[66,73746,3370],{"class":102},[66,73748,113],{"class":80},[66,73750,3832],{"class":84},[66,73752,113],{"class":80},[66,73754,121],{"class":102},[66,73756,81],{"class":80},[66,73758,627],{"class":84},[66,73760,113],{"class":80},[66,73762,121],{"class":102},[66,73764,81],{"class":80},[66,73766,3849],{"class":84},[66,73768,113],{"class":80},[66,73770,3383],{"class":102},[66,73772,73773,73775,73777,73779],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73774,36058],{"class":72},[66,73776,103],{"class":102},[66,73778,73341],{"class":106},[66,73780,8402],{"class":102},[66,73782,73783],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,73784,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,73786,73787,73789,73791,73793],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,73788,138],{"class":137},[66,73790,110],{"class":102},[66,73792,36058],{"class":106},[66,73794,131],{"class":102},[20,73796,148],{},[57,73798,73800],{"className":59,"code":73799,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73801,73802],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73803,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73805,3652],{"class":102},[66,73807,3044],{"class":80},[66,73809,3849],{"class":84},[66,73811,3044],{"class":80},[66,73813,121],{"class":102},[66,73815,3039],{"class":80},[66,73817,627],{"class":84},[66,73819,3044],{"class":80},[66,73821,121],{"class":102},[66,73823,3039],{"class":80},[66,73825,3832],{"class":84},[66,73827,3044],{"class":80},[66,73829,3383],{"class":102},[20,73831,160,73832,73834],{},[15,73833,73285],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73836,73837],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[57,73839,73841],{"className":59,"code":73840,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73842,73843,73875,73893,73897,73907],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73844,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73846,36006],{"class":72},[66,73848,77],{"class":76},[66,73850,3370],{"class":102},[66,73852,113],{"class":80},[66,73854,3832],{"class":84},[66,73856,113],{"class":80},[66,73858,121],{"class":102},[66,73860,81],{"class":80},[66,73862,627],{"class":84},[66,73864,113],{"class":80},[66,73866,121],{"class":102},[66,73868,81],{"class":80},[66,73870,3849],{"class":84},[66,73872,113],{"class":80},[66,73874,3383],{"class":102},[66,73876,73877,73880,73882,73884,73887,73889,73891],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73878,73879],{"class":72},"reversed_fruits ",[66,73881,77],{"class":76},[66,73883,52619],{"class":72},[66,73885,73886],{"class":102},"[::",[66,73888,1753],{"class":76},[66,73890,2729],{"class":478},[66,73892,3383],{"class":102},[66,73894,73895],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,73896,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,73898,73899,73901,73903,73905],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,73900,138],{"class":137},[66,73902,110],{"class":102},[66,73904,36058],{"class":106},[66,73906,131],{"class":102},[66,73908,73909,73911,73913,73916],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,73910,138],{"class":137},[66,73912,110],{"class":102},[66,73914,73915],{"class":106},"reversed_fruits",[66,73917,131],{"class":102},[20,73919,148],{},[57,73921,73923],{"className":59,"code":73922,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73924,73925,73953],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73926,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73928,3652],{"class":102},[66,73930,3044],{"class":80},[66,73932,3832],{"class":84},[66,73934,3044],{"class":80},[66,73936,121],{"class":102},[66,73938,3039],{"class":80},[66,73940,627],{"class":84},[66,73942,3044],{"class":80},[66,73944,121],{"class":102},[66,73946,3039],{"class":80},[66,73948,3849],{"class":84},[66,73950,3044],{"class":80},[66,73952,3383],{"class":102},[66,73954,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,73956,3652],{"class":102},[66,73958,3044],{"class":80},[66,73960,3849],{"class":84},[66,73962,3044],{"class":80},[66,73964,121],{"class":102},[66,73966,3039],{"class":80},[66,73968,627],{"class":84},[66,73970,3044],{"class":80},[66,73972,121],{"class":102},[66,73974,3039],{"class":80},[66,73976,3832],{"class":84},[66,73978,3044],{"class":80},[66,73980,3383],{"class":102},[20,73982,73983,73984,103],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[200,73985,73986],{"href":73303},"Python list slicing explained",[52,73988,73990],{"id":73989},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73992,73993],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[57,73995,73997],{"className":59,"code":73996,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73998,73999,74019,74033,74037,74048],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74000,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74002,3365],{"class":72},[66,74004,77],{"class":76},[66,74006,3370],{"class":102},[66,74008,2729],{"class":478},[66,74010,121],{"class":102},[66,74012,561],{"class":478},[66,74014,121],{"class":102},[66,74016,2186],{"class":478},[66,74018,3383],{"class":102},[66,74020,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74022,55658],{"class":72},[66,74024,77],{"class":76},[66,74026,4016],{"class":72},[66,74028,103],{"class":102},[66,74030,73341],{"class":106},[66,74032,8402],{"class":102},[66,74034,74035],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74036,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74038,74039,74041,74043,74046],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74040,138],{"class":137},[66,74042,110],{"class":102},[66,74044,74045],{"class":106},"new_list",[66,74047,131],{"class":102},[66,74049,74050,74052,74054,74056],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,74051,138],{"class":137},[66,74053,110],{"class":102},[66,74055,3397],{"class":106},[66,74057,131],{"class":102},[20,74059,148],{},[57,74061,74063],{"className":59,"code":74062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74064,74065,74069],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74066,74067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74068,11570],{"class":3602},[66,74070,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74072,3652],{"class":102},[66,74074,1794],{"class":478},[66,74076,121],{"class":102},[66,74078,561],{"class":478},[66,74080,121],{"class":102},[66,74082,479],{"class":478},[66,74084,3383],{"class":102},[20,74086,11662],{},[33,74088,74089,74097,74101],{},[36,74090,74091,74093,74094,74096],{},[15,74092,73285],{}," changes ",[15,74095,3397],{}," directly",[36,74098,40673,74099,71603],{},[398,74100,4383],{},[36,74102,53421,74103,41921,74105],{},[15,74104,74045],{},[15,74106,3528],{},[20,74108,61662],{},[57,74110,74112],{"className":59,"code":74111,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74113,74114,74134,74144,74148],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74115,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74117,3365],{"class":72},[66,74119,77],{"class":76},[66,74121,3370],{"class":102},[66,74123,2729],{"class":478},[66,74125,121],{"class":102},[66,74127,561],{"class":478},[66,74129,121],{"class":102},[66,74131,2186],{"class":478},[66,74133,3383],{"class":102},[66,74135,74136,74138,74140,74142],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74137,3397],{"class":72},[66,74139,103],{"class":102},[66,74141,73341],{"class":106},[66,74143,8402],{"class":102},[66,74145,74146],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74147,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74149,74150,74152,74154,74156],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74151,138],{"class":137},[66,74153,110],{"class":102},[66,74155,3397],{"class":106},[66,74157,131],{"class":102},[20,74159,148],{},[57,74161,74163],{"className":59,"code":74162,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74164,74165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74166,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74168,3652],{"class":102},[66,74170,1794],{"class":478},[66,74172,121],{"class":102},[66,74174,561],{"class":478},[66,74176,121],{"class":102},[66,74178,479],{"class":478},[66,74180,3383],{"class":102},[52,74182,74184,10348,74186,74189],{"id":74183},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74185,73285],{},[15,74187,74188],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74191,74192],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[258,74194,74195],{"id":73341},[15,74196,73285],{},[20,74198,74199,74201],{},[15,74200,73285],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[57,74203,74205],{"className":59,"code":74204,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74206,74207,74227,74237],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74208,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74210,3365],{"class":72},[66,74212,77],{"class":76},[66,74214,3370],{"class":102},[66,74216,1794],{"class":478},[66,74218,121],{"class":102},[66,74220,479],{"class":478},[66,74222,121],{"class":102},[66,74224,561],{"class":478},[66,74226,3383],{"class":102},[66,74228,74229,74231,74233,74235],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74230,3397],{"class":72},[66,74232,103],{"class":102},[66,74234,73341],{"class":106},[66,74236,8402],{"class":102},[66,74238,74239,74241,74243,74245],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74240,138],{"class":137},[66,74242,110],{"class":102},[66,74244,3397],{"class":106},[66,74246,131],{"class":102},[20,74248,148],{},[57,74250,74252],{"className":59,"code":74251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74253,74254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74255,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74257,3652],{"class":102},[66,74259,1788],{"class":478},[66,74261,121],{"class":102},[66,74263,479],{"class":478},[66,74265,121],{"class":102},[66,74267,2186],{"class":478},[66,74269,3383],{"class":102},[20,74271,74272,74273,74275],{},"Notice that this is ",[398,74274,4383],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[258,74277,74279],{"id":74278},"sorted",[15,74280,74188],{},[20,74282,74283,74288],{},[200,74284,74286],{"href":74285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74287,74188],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[57,74290,74292],{"className":59,"code":74291,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74293,74294,74314,74329,74333,74343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74295,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74297,3365],{"class":72},[66,74299,77],{"class":76},[66,74301,3370],{"class":102},[66,74303,1794],{"class":478},[66,74305,121],{"class":102},[66,74307,479],{"class":478},[66,74309,121],{"class":102},[66,74311,561],{"class":478},[66,74313,3383],{"class":102},[66,74315,74316,74318,74320,74323,74325,74327],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74317,447],{"class":72},[66,74319,77],{"class":76},[66,74321,74322],{"class":137}," sorted",[66,74324,110],{"class":102},[66,74326,3397],{"class":106},[66,74328,131],{"class":102},[66,74330,74331],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74332,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74334,74335,74337,74339,74341],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74336,138],{"class":137},[66,74338,110],{"class":102},[66,74340,3397],{"class":106},[66,74342,131],{"class":102},[66,74344,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,74346,138],{"class":137},[66,74348,110],{"class":102},[66,74350,494],{"class":106},[66,74352,131],{"class":102},[20,74354,148],{},[57,74356,74358],{"className":59,"code":74357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74359,74360,74376],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74361,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74363,3652],{"class":102},[66,74365,1794],{"class":478},[66,74367,121],{"class":102},[66,74369,479],{"class":478},[66,74371,121],{"class":102},[66,74373,561],{"class":478},[66,74375,3383],{"class":102},[66,74377,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74379,3652],{"class":102},[66,74381,2729],{"class":478},[66,74383,121],{"class":102},[66,74385,561],{"class":478},[66,74387,121],{"class":102},[66,74389,2186],{"class":478},[66,74391,3383],{"class":102},[20,74393,74394,74395,103],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74396,74397],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[258,74399,74401],{"id":74400},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74403,74404,74405,74408],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74406,74407],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[57,74410,74412],{"className":59,"code":74411,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74413,74414,74434,74450,74454,74464],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74415,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74417,3365],{"class":72},[66,74419,77],{"class":76},[66,74421,3370],{"class":102},[66,74423,1794],{"class":478},[66,74425,121],{"class":102},[66,74427,479],{"class":478},[66,74429,121],{"class":102},[66,74431,561],{"class":478},[66,74433,3383],{"class":102},[66,74435,74436,74438,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74437,447],{"class":72},[66,74439,77],{"class":76},[66,74441,4016],{"class":72},[66,74443,73886],{"class":102},[66,74445,1753],{"class":76},[66,74447,2729],{"class":478},[66,74449,3383],{"class":102},[66,74451,74452],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74453,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74455,74456,74458,74460,74462],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74457,138],{"class":137},[66,74459,110],{"class":102},[66,74461,3397],{"class":106},[66,74463,131],{"class":102},[66,74465,74466,74468,74470,74472],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,74467,138],{"class":137},[66,74469,110],{"class":102},[66,74471,494],{"class":106},[66,74473,131],{"class":102},[20,74475,148],{},[57,74477,74479],{"className":59,"code":74478,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74480,74481,74497],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74482,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74484,3652],{"class":102},[66,74486,1794],{"class":478},[66,74488,121],{"class":102},[66,74490,479],{"class":478},[66,74492,121],{"class":102},[66,74494,561],{"class":478},[66,74496,3383],{"class":102},[66,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509,74511],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74500,3652],{"class":102},[66,74502,1788],{"class":478},[66,74504,121],{"class":102},[66,74506,479],{"class":478},[66,74508,121],{"class":102},[66,74510,2186],{"class":478},[66,74512,3383],{"class":102},[258,74514,74516],{"id":74515},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[33,74518,74519,74524,74529],{},[36,74520,160,74521,74523],{},[15,74522,73285],{}," when you want to change the original list",[36,74525,160,74526,74528],{},[15,74527,74407],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[36,74530,160,74531,74533],{},[15,74532,74188],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74535,74536,74537,74543],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[200,74538,74540,74541,774],{"href":74539},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74542,64076],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[52,74545,4715,74547],{"id":74546},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74548,73285],{},[20,74550,74551,74553],{},[15,74552,73285],{}," is a good choice:",[33,74555,74556,74559,74562],{},[36,74557,74558],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[36,74560,74561],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[36,74563,74564],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74566,74567,74568,103],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[200,74569,74571],{"href":74570},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[52,74573,2568],{"id":2567},[20,74575,74576,74577,74579],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74578,73285],{}," for these reasons:",[33,74581,74582,74586,74591,74596],{},[36,74583,12357,74584,12360],{},[15,74585,73285],{},[36,74587,1119,74588,74590],{},[15,74589,73285],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[36,74592,8176,74593,74595],{},[15,74594,73285],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[36,74597,1128,74598,8464,74600],{},[15,74599,73285],{},[15,74601,74602],{},"reversed()",[20,74604,74605],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[57,74607,74609],{"className":59,"code":74608,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74610,74611,74623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74612,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74614,73],{"class":72},[66,74616,77],{"class":76},[66,74618,81],{"class":80},[66,74620,939],{"class":84},[66,74622,88],{"class":80},[66,74624,74625,74627,74629,74631],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74626,349],{"class":72},[66,74628,103],{"class":102},[66,74630,73341],{"class":106},[66,74632,8402],{"class":102},[20,74634,74635,74636,33369],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74637,73285],{},[20,74639,74640],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[57,74642,74644],{"className":59,"code":74643,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74645,74646,74666,74670,74680,74694,74698,74712,74722,74726],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74647,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662,74664],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74649,8066],{"class":72},[66,74651,77],{"class":76},[66,74653,3370],{"class":102},[66,74655,2729],{"class":478},[66,74657,121],{"class":102},[66,74659,561],{"class":478},[66,74661,121],{"class":102},[66,74663,2186],{"class":478},[66,74665,3383],{"class":102},[66,74667,74668],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74669,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74671,74672,74674,74676,74678],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74673,138],{"class":137},[66,74675,110],{"class":102},[66,74677,8097],{"class":106},[66,74679,131],{"class":102},[66,74681,74682,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74683,138],{"class":137},[66,74685,110],{"class":102},[66,74687,2964],{"class":2641},[66,74689,110],{"class":102},[66,74691,8097],{"class":106},[66,74693,1330],{"class":102},[66,74695,74696],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,74697,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74699,74700,74702,74704,74706,74708,74710],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,74701,447],{"class":72},[66,74703,77],{"class":76},[66,74705,8154],{"class":72},[66,74707,103],{"class":102},[66,74709,73341],{"class":106},[66,74711,8402],{"class":102},[66,74713,74714,74716,74718,74720],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,74715,138],{"class":137},[66,74717,110],{"class":102},[66,74719,494],{"class":106},[66,74721,131],{"class":102},[66,74723,74724],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,74725,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74727,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738,74740],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,74729,138],{"class":137},[66,74731,110],{"class":102},[66,74733,8097],{"class":106},[66,74735,73886],{"class":102},[66,74737,1753],{"class":76},[66,74739,2729],{"class":478},[66,74741,3640],{"class":102},[20,74743,148],{},[57,74745,74747],{"className":59,"code":74746,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74748,74749,74765,74779,74783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74750,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74752,3652],{"class":102},[66,74754,2729],{"class":478},[66,74756,121],{"class":102},[66,74758,561],{"class":478},[66,74760,121],{"class":102},[66,74762,2186],{"class":478},[66,74764,3383],{"class":102},[66,74766,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74768,3033],{"class":76},[66,74770,3036],{"class":1797},[66,74772,3039],{"class":80},[66,74774,7851],{"class":84},[66,74776,3044],{"class":80},[66,74778,3047],{"class":76},[66,74780,74781],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74782,11570],{"class":3602},[66,74784,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74786,3652],{"class":102},[66,74788,2729],{"class":478},[66,74790,121],{"class":102},[66,74792,561],{"class":478},[66,74794,121],{"class":102},[66,74796,479],{"class":478},[66,74798,3383],{"class":102},[20,74800,74801],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[57,74803,74805],{"className":59,"code":74804,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74806,74807,74827,74831,74841,74855,74859,74873,74883,74893],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74808,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74810,8066],{"class":72},[66,74812,77],{"class":76},[66,74814,3370],{"class":102},[66,74816,2729],{"class":478},[66,74818,121],{"class":102},[66,74820,561],{"class":478},[66,74822,121],{"class":102},[66,74824,2186],{"class":478},[66,74826,3383],{"class":102},[66,74828,74829],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74830,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74832,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74834,138],{"class":137},[66,74836,110],{"class":102},[66,74838,8097],{"class":106},[66,74840,131],{"class":102},[66,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74844,138],{"class":137},[66,74846,110],{"class":102},[66,74848,2964],{"class":2641},[66,74850,110],{"class":102},[66,74852,8097],{"class":106},[66,74854,1330],{"class":102},[66,74856,74857],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,74858,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,74860,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,74862,447],{"class":72},[66,74864,77],{"class":76},[66,74866,8154],{"class":72},[66,74868,103],{"class":102},[66,74870,73341],{"class":106},[66,74872,8402],{"class":102},[66,74874,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,74876,138],{"class":137},[66,74878,110],{"class":102},[66,74880,494],{"class":106},[66,74882,131],{"class":102},[66,74884,74885,74887,74889,74891],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,74886,138],{"class":137},[66,74888,110],{"class":102},[66,74890,8097],{"class":106},[66,74892,131],{"class":102},[66,74894,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,74896,138],{"class":137},[66,74898,110],{"class":102},[66,74900,8097],{"class":106},[66,74902,73886],{"class":102},[66,74904,1753],{"class":76},[66,74906,2729],{"class":478},[66,74908,3640],{"class":102},[20,74910,148],{},[57,74912,74914],{"className":59,"code":74913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74915,74916,74932,74946,74950,74966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74917,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926,74928,74930],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74919,3652],{"class":102},[66,74921,2729],{"class":478},[66,74923,121],{"class":102},[66,74925,561],{"class":478},[66,74927,121],{"class":102},[66,74929,2186],{"class":478},[66,74931,3383],{"class":102},[66,74933,74934,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,74935,3033],{"class":76},[66,74937,3036],{"class":1797},[66,74939,3039],{"class":80},[66,74941,7851],{"class":84},[66,74943,3044],{"class":80},[66,74945,3047],{"class":76},[66,74947,74948],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,74949,11570],{"class":3602},[66,74951,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962,74964],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,74953,3652],{"class":102},[66,74955,1794],{"class":478},[66,74957,121],{"class":102},[66,74959,561],{"class":478},[66,74961,121],{"class":102},[66,74963,479],{"class":478},[66,74965,3383],{"class":102},[66,74967,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,74969,3652],{"class":102},[66,74971,2729],{"class":478},[66,74973,121],{"class":102},[66,74975,561],{"class":478},[66,74977,121],{"class":102},[66,74979,2186],{"class":478},[66,74981,3383],{"class":102},[20,74983,74984],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[33,74986,74987,74996,75005],{},[36,74988,27561,74989,74992,74993],{},[15,74990,74991],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74994,74995],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[36,74997,11678,74998,75001,75002,22324],{},[15,74999,75000],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[398,75003,75004],{},"current",[36,75006,75007,75008],{},"So it prints ",[15,75009,75010],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[52,75012,1518],{"id":1517},[258,75014,1522,75016,55237],{"id":75015},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75017,73290],{},[20,75019,62367,75020,103],{},[15,75021,3528],{},[258,75023,33974,75025,33977,75027,2228],{"id":75024},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75026,73285],{},[15,75028,75029],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75031,75032,75034],{},[15,75033,73285],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75036,75037,75039],{},[15,75038,75029],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[258,75041,28094,75043,75045],{"id":75042},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75044,73285],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75047,46132,75048,75050],{},[15,75049,73285],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[258,75052,75054],{"id":75053},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75056,75057],{},"Use slicing:",[57,75059,75061],{"className":59,"code":75060,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75062,75063],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75064,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75066,8097],{"class":72},[66,75068,73886],{"class":102},[66,75070,1753],{"class":76},[66,75072,2729],{"class":478},[66,75074,3383],{"class":102},[20,75076,75077],{},"Or use:",[57,75079,75081],{"className":59,"code":75080,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75082,75083],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75084,75085,75087,75089,75092,75094,75096],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75086,7851],{"class":2641},[66,75088,110],{"class":102},[66,75090,75091],{"class":137},"reversed",[66,75093,110],{"class":102},[66,75095,8097],{"class":106},[66,75097,1330],{"class":102},[20,75099,75100,75101,75105],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[200,75102,55288,75103],{"href":54728},[15,75104,12539],{}," can also help.",[52,75107,1620],{"id":1619},[33,75109,75110,75116,75122,75126,75130],{},[36,75111,75112],{},[200,75113,55288,75114,774],{"href":74539},[15,75115,64076],{},[36,75117,75118],{},[200,75119,3321,75120,3254],{"href":74285},[15,75121,74188],{},[36,75123,75124],{},[200,75125,74571],{"href":74570},[36,75127,75128],{},[200,75129,73986],{"href":73303},[36,75131,75132],{},[200,75133,55288,75134,774],{"href":54728},[15,75135,12539],{},[1651,75137,75138],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":75140},[75141,75142,75144,75145,75146,75148,75149,75156,75158,75159,75168],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":73364,"depth":91,"text":75143},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":73723,"depth":91,"text":75147},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73989,"depth":91,"text":73990},{"id":74183,"depth":91,"text":75150,"children":75151},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75152,75153,75154,75155],{"id":73341,"depth":134,"text":73285},{"id":74278,"depth":134,"text":74188},{"id":74400,"depth":134,"text":74401},{"id":74515,"depth":134,"text":74516},{"id":74546,"depth":91,"text":75157},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":75160},[75161,75163,75165,75167],{"id":75015,"depth":134,"text":75162},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75024,"depth":134,"text":75164},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75042,"depth":134,"text":75166},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75053,"depth":134,"text":75054},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73277,"description":75169},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75176,"title":75177,"body":75178,"description":77611,"extension":1694,"meta":77612,"navigation":338,"path":77613,"seo":77614,"stem":77615,"__hash__":77616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75179,"toc":77579},[75180,75183,75195,75198,75221,75229,75231,75343,75352,75356,75359,75362,75449,75451,75484,75486,75509,75515,75519,75522,75544,75546,75563,75566,75586,75588,75698,75700,75777,75781,75784,75827,75829,75962,75964,76066,76071,76075,76078,76080,76094,76097,76211,76213,76287,76289,76317,76321,76326,76356,76359,76485,76487,76569,76575,76579,76581,76620,76629,76633,76636,76640,76687,76689,76697,76701,76752,76754,76767,76769,76783,76786,76794,76796,76843,76845,76853,76856,76899,76904,76907,76910,76933,76937,76988,76991,77012,77022,77026,77028,77058,77061,77084,77088,77091,77158,77160,77197,77200,77208,77275,77277,77314,77320,77327,77331,77334,77364,77369,77373,77376,77400,77403,77497,77507,77509,77513,77516,77520,77523,77528,77531,77537,77540,77542,77570,77576],[10,75181,75177],{"id":75182},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75184,75185,75186,1923,75188,16835,75191,75194],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75187,35839],{},[15,75189,75190],{},"stop",[15,75192,75193],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75196,75197],{},"The basic slice form is:",[57,75199,75201],{"className":59,"code":75200,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75202,75203],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75204,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75206,8097],{"class":72},[66,75208,3652],{"class":102},[66,75210,35839],{"class":72},[66,75212,1111],{"class":102},[66,75214,75190],{"class":72},[66,75216,1111],{"class":102},[66,75218,75193],{"class":72},[66,75220,3383],{"class":102},[20,75222,75223,75224,75226,75227,103],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75225,75190],{}," position is ",[398,75228,64833],{},[52,75230,55],{"id":54},[57,75232,75234],{"className":59,"code":75233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75235,75236,75264,75268,75289,75307,75324],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75237,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75239,3365],{"class":72},[66,75241,77],{"class":76},[66,75243,3370],{"class":102},[66,75245,2064],{"class":478},[66,75247,121],{"class":102},[66,75249,7546],{"class":478},[66,75251,121],{"class":102},[66,75253,7551],{"class":478},[66,75255,121],{"class":102},[66,75257,50611],{"class":478},[66,75259,121],{"class":102},[66,75261,4835],{"class":478},[66,75263,3383],{"class":102},[66,75265,75266],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,75267,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,75269,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,75271,138],{"class":137},[66,75273,110],{"class":102},[66,75275,3397],{"class":106},[66,75277,3652],{"class":102},[66,75279,2729],{"class":478},[66,75281,1111],{"class":102},[66,75283,2241],{"class":478},[66,75285,20209],{"class":102},[66,75287,75288],{"class":3413},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[66,75290,75291,75293,75295,75297,75300,75302,75304],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,75292,138],{"class":137},[66,75294,110],{"class":102},[66,75296,3397],{"class":106},[66,75298,75299],{"class":102},"[:",[66,75301,1794],{"class":478},[66,75303,20209],{"class":102},[66,75305,75306],{"class":3413},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[66,75308,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,75310,138],{"class":137},[66,75312,110],{"class":102},[66,75314,3397],{"class":106},[66,75316,73886],{"class":102},[66,75318,1788],{"class":478},[66,75320,20209],{"class":102},[66,75322,75323],{"class":3413},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[66,75325,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,75327,138],{"class":137},[66,75329,110],{"class":102},[66,75331,3397],{"class":106},[66,75333,73886],{"class":102},[66,75335,1753],{"class":76},[66,75337,2729],{"class":478},[66,75339,20209],{"class":102},[66,75341,75342],{"class":3413},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75344,160,75345,75348,75349,75351],{},[15,75346,75347],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75350,75190],{}," value is not included.",[52,75353,75355],{"id":75354},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75357,75358],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75360,75361],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[57,75363,75365],{"className":59,"code":75364,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75366,75367,75415,75419,75438],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75368,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403,75405,75407,75409,75411,75413],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75370,35857],{"class":72},[66,75372,77],{"class":76},[66,75374,3370],{"class":102},[66,75376,113],{"class":80},[66,75378,200],{"class":84},[66,75380,113],{"class":80},[66,75382,121],{"class":102},[66,75384,81],{"class":80},[66,75386,4514],{"class":84},[66,75388,113],{"class":80},[66,75390,121],{"class":102},[66,75392,81],{"class":80},[66,75394,9501],{"class":84},[66,75396,113],{"class":80},[66,75398,121],{"class":102},[66,75400,81],{"class":80},[66,75402,18530],{"class":84},[66,75404,113],{"class":80},[66,75406,121],{"class":102},[66,75408,81],{"class":80},[66,75410,60215],{"class":84},[66,75412,113],{"class":80},[66,75414,3383],{"class":102},[66,75416,75417],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,75418,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,75420,75421,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,75422,75423],{"class":72},"part ",[66,75425,77],{"class":76},[66,75427,69860],{"class":72},[66,75429,3652],{"class":102},[66,75431,2729],{"class":478},[66,75433,1111],{"class":102},[66,75435,2241],{"class":478},[66,75437,3383],{"class":102},[66,75439,75440,75442,75444,75447],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,75441,138],{"class":137},[66,75443,110],{"class":102},[66,75445,75446],{"class":106},"part",[66,75448,131],{"class":102},[20,75450,148],{},[57,75452,75454],{"className":59,"code":75453,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75455,75456],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75457,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75459,3652],{"class":102},[66,75461,3044],{"class":80},[66,75463,4514],{"class":84},[66,75465,3044],{"class":80},[66,75467,121],{"class":102},[66,75469,3039],{"class":80},[66,75471,9501],{"class":84},[66,75473,3044],{"class":80},[66,75475,121],{"class":102},[66,75477,3039],{"class":80},[66,75479,18530],{"class":84},[66,75481,3044],{"class":80},[66,75483,3383],{"class":102},[20,75485,178],{},[33,75487,75488,75491,75494,75500,75506],{},[36,75489,75490],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[36,75492,75493],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[36,75495,75496,75497],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75498,75499],{},"list[start:stop]",[36,75501,75502,75503,75505],{},"The item at ",[15,75504,75190],{}," is not included",[36,75507,75508],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75510,75511,75512,103],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[200,75513,75514],{"href":50746},"beginner guide to Python lists",[52,75516,75518],{"id":75517},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75520,75521],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[57,75523,75524],{"className":59,"code":75200,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,75525,75526],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75527,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75529,8097],{"class":72},[66,75531,3652],{"class":102},[66,75533,35839],{"class":72},[66,75535,1111],{"class":102},[66,75537,75190],{"class":72},[66,75539,1111],{"class":102},[66,75541,75193],{"class":72},[66,75543,3383],{"class":102},[20,75545,64809],{},[33,75547,75548,75553,75558],{},[36,75549,75550,75552],{},[15,75551,35839],{}," is where slicing begins",[36,75554,75555,75557],{},[15,75556,75190],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[36,75559,75560,75562],{},[15,75561,75193],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75564,75565],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[33,75567,75568,75574,75579],{},[36,75569,75570,75571,75573],{},"Missing ",[15,75572,35839],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[36,75575,75570,75576,75578],{},[15,75577,75190],{}," means go to the end of the list",[36,75580,75570,75581,75583,75584],{},[15,75582,75193],{}," means use ",[15,75585,2729],{},[20,75587,923],{},[57,75589,75591],{"className":59,"code":75590,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75592,75593,75621,75625,75646,75663,75681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75594,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75596,3365],{"class":72},[66,75598,77],{"class":76},[66,75600,3370],{"class":102},[66,75602,2064],{"class":478},[66,75604,121],{"class":102},[66,75606,7546],{"class":478},[66,75608,121],{"class":102},[66,75610,7551],{"class":478},[66,75612,121],{"class":102},[66,75614,50611],{"class":478},[66,75616,121],{"class":102},[66,75618,4835],{"class":478},[66,75620,3383],{"class":102},[66,75622,75623],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,75624,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,75626,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,75628,138],{"class":137},[66,75630,110],{"class":102},[66,75632,3397],{"class":106},[66,75634,3652],{"class":102},[66,75636,2729],{"class":478},[66,75638,1111],{"class":102},[66,75640,2241],{"class":478},[66,75642,20209],{"class":102},[66,75644,75645],{"class":3413},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[66,75647,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,75649,138],{"class":137},[66,75651,110],{"class":102},[66,75653,3397],{"class":106},[66,75655,75299],{"class":102},[66,75657,1794],{"class":478},[66,75659,20209],{"class":102},[66,75661,75662],{"class":3413},"    # start from the beginning\n",[66,75664,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75678],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,75666,138],{"class":137},[66,75668,110],{"class":102},[66,75670,3397],{"class":106},[66,75672,3652],{"class":102},[66,75674,1788],{"class":478},[66,75676,75677],{"class":102},":])",[66,75679,75680],{"class":3413},"    # go to the end\n",[66,75682,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,75684,138],{"class":137},[66,75686,110],{"class":102},[66,75688,3397],{"class":106},[66,75690,73886],{"class":102},[66,75692,2729],{"class":478},[66,75694,20209],{"class":102},[66,75696,75697],{"class":3413},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75699,148],{},[57,75701,75703],{"className":59,"code":75702,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75704,75705,75721,75737,75753],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75706,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75708,3652],{"class":102},[66,75710,15516],{"class":478},[66,75712,121],{"class":102},[66,75714,7551],{"class":478},[66,75716,121],{"class":102},[66,75718,50611],{"class":478},[66,75720,3383],{"class":102},[66,75722,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,75724,3652],{"class":102},[66,75726,2064],{"class":478},[66,75728,121],{"class":102},[66,75730,7546],{"class":478},[66,75732,121],{"class":102},[66,75734,7551],{"class":478},[66,75736,3383],{"class":102},[66,75738,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,75740,3652],{"class":102},[66,75742,36608],{"class":478},[66,75744,121],{"class":102},[66,75746,50611],{"class":478},[66,75748,121],{"class":102},[66,75750,4835],{"class":478},[66,75752,3383],{"class":102},[66,75754,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,75756,3652],{"class":102},[66,75758,2064],{"class":478},[66,75760,121],{"class":102},[66,75762,7546],{"class":478},[66,75764,121],{"class":102},[66,75766,7551],{"class":478},[66,75768,121],{"class":102},[66,75770,50611],{"class":478},[66,75772,121],{"class":102},[66,75774,4835],{"class":478},[66,75776,3383],{"class":102},[52,75778,75780],{"id":75779},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75782,75783],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[33,75785,75786,75795,75804,75815,75821],{},[36,75787,75788,75791,75792,5718],{},[15,75789,75790],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75793,75794],{},"n",[36,75796,75797,75800,75801,75803],{},[15,75798,75799],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75802,75794],{}," to the end",[36,75805,75806,75809,75810,75812,75813],{},[15,75807,75808],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75811,200],{}," up to ",[15,75814,4514],{},[36,75816,75817,75820],{},[15,75818,75819],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[36,75822,75823,75826],{},[15,75824,75825],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75828,923],{},[57,75830,75832],{"className":59,"code":75831,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75833,75834,75867,75871,75888,75905,75926,75943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75835,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75837,3365],{"class":72},[66,75839,77],{"class":76},[66,75841,3370],{"class":102},[66,75843,2064],{"class":478},[66,75845,121],{"class":102},[66,75847,7546],{"class":478},[66,75849,121],{"class":102},[66,75851,7551],{"class":478},[66,75853,121],{"class":102},[66,75855,50611],{"class":478},[66,75857,121],{"class":102},[66,75859,4835],{"class":478},[66,75861,121],{"class":102},[66,75863,75864],{"class":478}," 60",[66,75866,3383],{"class":102},[66,75868,75869],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,75870,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,75872,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,75874,138],{"class":137},[66,75876,110],{"class":102},[66,75878,3397],{"class":106},[66,75880,75299],{"class":102},[66,75882,1794],{"class":478},[66,75884,20209],{"class":102},[66,75886,75887],{"class":3413},"    # first 3 items\n",[66,75889,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,75891,138],{"class":137},[66,75893,110],{"class":102},[66,75895,3397],{"class":106},[66,75897,3652],{"class":102},[66,75899,1794],{"class":478},[66,75901,75677],{"class":102},[66,75903,75904],{"class":3413},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[66,75906,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,75908,138],{"class":137},[66,75910,110],{"class":102},[66,75912,3397],{"class":106},[66,75914,3652],{"class":102},[66,75916,2729],{"class":478},[66,75918,1111],{"class":102},[66,75920,1869],{"class":478},[66,75922,20209],{"class":102},[66,75924,75925],{"class":3413},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[66,75927,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,75929,138],{"class":137},[66,75931,110],{"class":102},[66,75933,3397],{"class":106},[66,75935,73886],{"class":102},[66,75937,1788],{"class":478},[66,75939,20209],{"class":102},[66,75941,75942],{"class":3413},"   # every second item\n",[66,75944,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,75946,138],{"class":137},[66,75948,110],{"class":102},[66,75950,3397],{"class":106},[66,75952,73886],{"class":102},[66,75954,1753],{"class":76},[66,75956,2729],{"class":478},[66,75958,20209],{"class":102},[66,75960,75961],{"class":3413},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75963,148],{},[57,75965,75967],{"className":59,"code":75966,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75968,75969,75985,76001,76021,76037],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75970,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75972,3652],{"class":102},[66,75974,2064],{"class":478},[66,75976,121],{"class":102},[66,75978,7546],{"class":478},[66,75980,121],{"class":102},[66,75982,7551],{"class":478},[66,75984,3383],{"class":102},[66,75986,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,75988,3652],{"class":102},[66,75990,56461],{"class":478},[66,75992,121],{"class":102},[66,75994,4835],{"class":478},[66,75996,121],{"class":102},[66,75998,75864],{"class":478},[66,76000,3383],{"class":102},[66,76002,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76004,3652],{"class":102},[66,76006,15516],{"class":478},[66,76008,121],{"class":102},[66,76010,7551],{"class":478},[66,76012,121],{"class":102},[66,76014,50611],{"class":478},[66,76016,121],{"class":102},[66,76018,4835],{"class":478},[66,76020,3383],{"class":102},[66,76022,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,76024,3652],{"class":102},[66,76026,2064],{"class":478},[66,76028,121],{"class":102},[66,76030,7551],{"class":478},[66,76032,121],{"class":102},[66,76034,4835],{"class":478},[66,76036,3383],{"class":102},[66,76038,76039,76041,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,76040,3652],{"class":102},[66,76042,76043],{"class":478},"60",[66,76045,121],{"class":102},[66,76047,4835],{"class":478},[66,76049,121],{"class":102},[66,76051,50611],{"class":478},[66,76053,121],{"class":102},[66,76055,7551],{"class":478},[66,76057,121],{"class":102},[66,76059,7546],{"class":478},[66,76061,121],{"class":102},[66,76063,5757],{"class":478},[66,76065,3383],{"class":102},[20,76067,76068,76069,103],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[200,76070,14650],{"href":56988},[52,76072,76074],{"id":76073},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76076,76077],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76079,5226],{},[33,76081,76082,76088],{},[36,76083,76084,76087],{},[15,76085,76086],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[36,76089,76090,76093],{},[15,76091,76092],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76095,76096],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[57,76098,76100],{"className":59,"code":76099,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76101,76102,76150,76154,76173,76192],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76103,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76105,35857],{"class":72},[66,76107,77],{"class":76},[66,76109,3370],{"class":102},[66,76111,113],{"class":80},[66,76113,200],{"class":84},[66,76115,113],{"class":80},[66,76117,121],{"class":102},[66,76119,81],{"class":80},[66,76121,4514],{"class":84},[66,76123,113],{"class":80},[66,76125,121],{"class":102},[66,76127,81],{"class":80},[66,76129,9501],{"class":84},[66,76131,113],{"class":80},[66,76133,121],{"class":102},[66,76135,81],{"class":80},[66,76137,18530],{"class":84},[66,76139,113],{"class":80},[66,76141,121],{"class":102},[66,76143,81],{"class":80},[66,76145,60215],{"class":84},[66,76147,113],{"class":80},[66,76149,3383],{"class":102},[66,76151,76152],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76153,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,76155,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76157,138],{"class":137},[66,76159,110],{"class":102},[66,76161,35910],{"class":106},[66,76163,3652],{"class":102},[66,76165,1753],{"class":76},[66,76167,2729],{"class":478},[66,76169,20209],{"class":102},[66,76171,76172],{"class":3413},"    # last item\n",[66,76174,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,76176,138],{"class":137},[66,76178,110],{"class":102},[66,76180,35910],{"class":106},[66,76182,3652],{"class":102},[66,76184,1753],{"class":76},[66,76186,1794],{"class":478},[66,76188,75677],{"class":102},[66,76190,76191],{"class":3413},"   # last 3 items\n",[66,76193,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,76195,138],{"class":137},[66,76197,110],{"class":102},[66,76199,35910],{"class":106},[66,76201,75299],{"class":102},[66,76203,1753],{"class":76},[66,76205,2729],{"class":478},[66,76207,20209],{"class":102},[66,76209,76210],{"class":3413},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76212,148],{},[57,76214,76216],{"className":59,"code":76215,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76217,76218,76223,76251],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76219,76220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76221,76222],{"class":72},"e\n",[66,76224,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76226,3652],{"class":102},[66,76228,3044],{"class":80},[66,76230,9501],{"class":84},[66,76232,3044],{"class":80},[66,76234,121],{"class":102},[66,76236,3039],{"class":80},[66,76238,18530],{"class":84},[66,76240,3044],{"class":80},[66,76242,121],{"class":102},[66,76244,3039],{"class":80},[66,76246,60215],{"class":84},[66,76248,3044],{"class":80},[66,76250,3383],{"class":102},[66,76252,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76254,3652],{"class":102},[66,76256,3044],{"class":80},[66,76258,200],{"class":84},[66,76260,3044],{"class":80},[66,76262,121],{"class":102},[66,76264,3039],{"class":80},[66,76266,4514],{"class":84},[66,76268,3044],{"class":80},[66,76270,121],{"class":102},[66,76272,3039],{"class":80},[66,76274,9501],{"class":84},[66,76276,3044],{"class":80},[66,76278,121],{"class":102},[66,76280,3039],{"class":80},[66,76282,18530],{"class":84},[66,76284,3044],{"class":80},[66,76286,3383],{"class":102},[20,76288,178],{},[33,76290,76291,76294,76298,76304,76310],{},[36,76292,76293],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[36,76295,76296,76087],{},[15,76297,76086],{},[36,76299,76300,76303],{},[15,76301,76302],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[36,76305,76306,76309],{},[15,76307,76308],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[36,76311,76312,76313,798,76315],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76314,35839],{},[15,76316,75190],{},[52,76318,76320],{"id":76319},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76322,1711,76323,76325],{},[15,76324,75193],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[33,76327,76328,76331,76334,76339,76349],{},[36,76329,76330],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[36,76332,76333],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[36,76335,76336,76338],{},[15,76337,75825],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[36,76340,8635,76341,76343,76344,76346,76347],{},[15,76342,75193],{}," is negative, ",[15,76345,35839],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76348,75190],{},[36,76350,76351,76353,76354],{},[15,76352,75193],{}," cannot be ",[15,76355,1852],{},[20,76357,76358],{},"Example with different step values:",[57,76360,76362],{"className":59,"code":76361,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76363,76364,76396,76400,76417,76439,76458],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76365,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76367,3365],{"class":72},[66,76369,77],{"class":76},[66,76371,3370],{"class":102},[66,76373,2064],{"class":478},[66,76375,121],{"class":102},[66,76377,7546],{"class":478},[66,76379,121],{"class":102},[66,76381,7551],{"class":478},[66,76383,121],{"class":102},[66,76385,50611],{"class":478},[66,76387,121],{"class":102},[66,76389,4835],{"class":478},[66,76391,121],{"class":102},[66,76393,75864],{"class":478},[66,76395,3383],{"class":102},[66,76397,76398],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76399,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,76401,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76403,138],{"class":137},[66,76405,110],{"class":102},[66,76407,3397],{"class":106},[66,76409,73886],{"class":102},[66,76411,1788],{"class":478},[66,76413,20209],{"class":102},[66,76415,76416],{"class":3413},"     # every second item\n",[66,76418,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76432,76434,76436],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,76420,138],{"class":137},[66,76422,110],{"class":102},[66,76424,3397],{"class":106},[66,76426,3652],{"class":102},[66,76428,2729],{"class":478},[66,76430,76431],{"class":102},"::",[66,76433,1788],{"class":478},[66,76435,20209],{"class":102},[66,76437,76438],{"class":3413},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[66,76440,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,76442,138],{"class":137},[66,76444,110],{"class":102},[66,76446,3397],{"class":106},[66,76448,73886],{"class":102},[66,76450,1753],{"class":76},[66,76452,2729],{"class":478},[66,76454,20209],{"class":102},[66,76456,76457],{"class":3413},"    # reverse the list\n",[66,76459,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,76461,138],{"class":137},[66,76463,110],{"class":102},[66,76465,3397],{"class":106},[66,76467,3652],{"class":102},[66,76469,2241],{"class":478},[66,76471,1111],{"class":102},[66,76473,2729],{"class":478},[66,76475,1111],{"class":102},[66,76477,1753],{"class":76},[66,76479,2729],{"class":478},[66,76481,20209],{"class":102},[66,76483,76484],{"class":3413},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76486,148],{},[57,76488,76490],{"className":59,"code":76489,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76491,76492,76508,76524,76552],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76493,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76495,3652],{"class":102},[66,76497,2064],{"class":478},[66,76499,121],{"class":102},[66,76501,7551],{"class":478},[66,76503,121],{"class":102},[66,76505,4835],{"class":478},[66,76507,3383],{"class":102},[66,76509,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76511,3652],{"class":102},[66,76513,15516],{"class":478},[66,76515,121],{"class":102},[66,76517,50611],{"class":478},[66,76519,121],{"class":102},[66,76521,75864],{"class":478},[66,76523,3383],{"class":102},[66,76525,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76527,3652],{"class":102},[66,76529,76043],{"class":478},[66,76531,121],{"class":102},[66,76533,4835],{"class":478},[66,76535,121],{"class":102},[66,76537,50611],{"class":478},[66,76539,121],{"class":102},[66,76541,7551],{"class":478},[66,76543,121],{"class":102},[66,76545,7546],{"class":478},[66,76547,121],{"class":102},[66,76549,5757],{"class":478},[66,76551,3383],{"class":102},[66,76553,76554,76556,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,76555,3652],{"class":102},[66,76557,76558],{"class":478},"50",[66,76560,121],{"class":102},[66,76562,50611],{"class":478},[66,76564,121],{"class":102},[66,76566,7551],{"class":478},[66,76568,3383],{"class":102},[20,76570,76571,76572,103],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[200,76573,76574],{"href":74570},"how to reverse a list in Python",[258,76576,76578],{"id":76577},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76580,2575],{},[57,76582,76584],{"className":59,"code":76583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76585,76586,76606],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76587,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76589,3365],{"class":72},[66,76591,77],{"class":76},[66,76593,3370],{"class":102},[66,76595,2729],{"class":478},[66,76597,121],{"class":102},[66,76599,561],{"class":478},[66,76601,121],{"class":102},[66,76603,2186],{"class":478},[66,76605,3383],{"class":102},[66,76607,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76609,138],{"class":137},[66,76611,110],{"class":102},[66,76613,3397],{"class":106},[66,76615,73886],{"class":102},[66,76617,1852],{"class":478},[66,76619,3640],{"class":102},[20,76621,76622,76623,76625,76626,76628],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76624,40471],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76627,1852],{}," does not make sense.",[52,76630,76632],{"id":76631},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76634,76635],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[258,76637,76639],{"id":76638},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[57,76641,76643],{"className":59,"code":76642,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76644,76645,76669,76673],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76646,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76648,3365],{"class":72},[66,76650,77],{"class":76},[66,76652,3370],{"class":102},[66,76654,2064],{"class":478},[66,76656,121],{"class":102},[66,76658,7546],{"class":478},[66,76660,121],{"class":102},[66,76662,7551],{"class":478},[66,76664,121],{"class":102},[66,76666,50611],{"class":478},[66,76668,3383],{"class":102},[66,76670,76671],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76672,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,76674,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76676,138],{"class":137},[66,76678,110],{"class":102},[66,76680,3397],{"class":106},[66,76682,3652],{"class":102},[66,76684,1788],{"class":478},[66,76686,3640],{"class":102},[20,76688,148],{},[57,76690,76691],{"className":59,"code":69604,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,76692,76693],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76694,76695],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76696,69604],{"class":478},[258,76698,76700],{"id":76699},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[57,76702,76704],{"className":59,"code":76703,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76705,76706,76730,76734],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76707,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76709,3365],{"class":72},[66,76711,77],{"class":76},[66,76713,3370],{"class":102},[66,76715,2064],{"class":478},[66,76717,121],{"class":102},[66,76719,7546],{"class":478},[66,76721,121],{"class":102},[66,76723,7551],{"class":478},[66,76725,121],{"class":102},[66,76727,50611],{"class":478},[66,76729,3383],{"class":102},[66,76731,76732],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76733,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,76735,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76737,138],{"class":137},[66,76739,110],{"class":102},[66,76741,3397],{"class":106},[66,76743,3652],{"class":102},[66,76745,1788],{"class":478},[66,76747,1111],{"class":102},[66,76749,1794],{"class":478},[66,76751,3640],{"class":102},[20,76753,148],{},[57,76755,76757],{"className":59,"code":76756,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[30]\n",[15,76758,76759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76760,76761,76763,76765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76762,3652],{"class":102},[66,76764,36608],{"class":478},[66,76766,3383],{"class":102},[20,76768,13524],{},[33,76770,76771,76777],{},[36,76772,76773,76776],{},[15,76774,76775],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[36,76778,76779,76782],{},[15,76780,76781],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76784,76785],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[33,76787,76788,76791],{},[36,76789,76790],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[36,76792,76793],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76795,923],{},[57,76797,76799],{"className":59,"code":76798,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76800,76801,76821,76825],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76802,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76804,3365],{"class":72},[66,76806,77],{"class":76},[66,76808,3370],{"class":102},[66,76810,2064],{"class":478},[66,76812,121],{"class":102},[66,76814,7546],{"class":478},[66,76816,121],{"class":102},[66,76818,7551],{"class":478},[66,76820,3383],{"class":102},[66,76822,76823],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76824,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,76826,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76828,138],{"class":137},[66,76830,110],{"class":102},[66,76832,3397],{"class":106},[66,76834,3652],{"class":102},[66,76836,1869],{"class":478},[66,76838,1111],{"class":102},[66,76840,2064],{"class":478},[66,76842,3640],{"class":102},[20,76844,148],{},[57,76846,76847],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,76848,76849],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76850,76851],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76852,38063],{"class":102},[20,76854,76855],{},"But this would raise an error:",[57,76857,76859],{"className":59,"code":76858,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76860,76861,76881,76885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76862,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76864,3365],{"class":72},[66,76866,77],{"class":76},[66,76868,3370],{"class":102},[66,76870,2064],{"class":478},[66,76872,121],{"class":102},[66,76874,7546],{"class":478},[66,76876,121],{"class":102},[66,76878,7551],{"class":478},[66,76880,3383],{"class":102},[66,76882,76883],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76884,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,76886,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,76888,138],{"class":137},[66,76890,110],{"class":102},[66,76892,3397],{"class":106},[66,76894,3652],{"class":102},[66,76896,1869],{"class":478},[66,76898,3640],{"class":102},[20,76900,76901,76902,103],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[200,76903,69023],{"href":69022},[52,76905,14938],{"id":76906},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76908,76909],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[33,76911,76912,76916,76918,76921,76927],{},[36,76913,4457,76914,75505],{},[15,76915,75190],{},[36,76917,60457],{},[36,76919,76920],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[36,76922,1128,76923,8464,76925],{},[15,76924,75825],{},[15,76926,73290],{},[36,76928,76929,76930,76932],{},"Using step ",[15,76931,1852],{},", which causes an error",[258,76934,76936],{"id":76935},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[57,76938,76940],{"className":59,"code":76939,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76941,76942,76970],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76943,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76945,3365],{"class":72},[66,76947,77],{"class":76},[66,76949,3370],{"class":102},[66,76951,2064],{"class":478},[66,76953,121],{"class":102},[66,76955,7546],{"class":478},[66,76957,121],{"class":102},[66,76959,7551],{"class":478},[66,76961,121],{"class":102},[66,76963,50611],{"class":478},[66,76965,121],{"class":102},[66,76967,4835],{"class":478},[66,76969,3383],{"class":102},[66,76971,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,76973,138],{"class":137},[66,76975,110],{"class":102},[66,76977,3397],{"class":106},[66,76979,3652],{"class":102},[66,76981,2729],{"class":478},[66,76983,1111],{"class":102},[66,76985,2241],{"class":478},[66,76987,3640],{"class":102},[20,76989,76990],{},"This returns:",[57,76992,76994],{"className":59,"code":76993,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76995,76996],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76997,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76999,3652],{"class":102},[66,77001,15516],{"class":478},[66,77003,121],{"class":102},[66,77005,7551],{"class":478},[66,77007,121],{"class":102},[66,77009,50611],{"class":478},[66,77011,3383],{"class":102},[20,77013,40673,77014,77016,77017,77019,77020,103],{},[398,77015,4383],{}," include ",[15,77018,76558],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77021,2241],{},[258,77023,77025],{"id":77024},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77027,16406],{},[57,77029,77031],{"className":59,"code":77030,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77032,77033,77053],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77034,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77036,3365],{"class":72},[66,77038,77],{"class":76},[66,77040,3370],{"class":102},[66,77042,2064],{"class":478},[66,77044,121],{"class":102},[66,77046,7546],{"class":478},[66,77048,121],{"class":102},[66,77050,7551],{"class":478},[66,77052,3383],{"class":102},[66,77054,77055],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77056,77057],{"class":3413},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77059,77060],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[57,77062,77064],{"className":59,"code":77063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77065,77066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77067,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77069,138],{"class":137},[66,77071,110],{"class":102},[66,77073,3397],{"class":106},[66,77075,3652],{"class":102},[66,77077,2729],{"class":478},[66,77079,1111],{"class":102},[66,77081,1794],{"class":478},[66,77083,3640],{"class":102},[258,77085,77087],{"id":77086},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77089,77090],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[57,77092,77094],{"className":59,"code":77093,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77095,77096,77120,77134,77138,77148],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77097,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77099,3365],{"class":72},[66,77101,77],{"class":76},[66,77103,3370],{"class":102},[66,77105,2064],{"class":478},[66,77107,121],{"class":102},[66,77109,7546],{"class":478},[66,77111,121],{"class":102},[66,77113,7551],{"class":478},[66,77115,121],{"class":102},[66,77117,50611],{"class":478},[66,77119,3383],{"class":102},[66,77121,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77123,75423],{"class":72},[66,77125,77],{"class":76},[66,77127,4016],{"class":72},[66,77129,75299],{"class":102},[66,77131,1788],{"class":478},[66,77133,3383],{"class":102},[66,77135,77136],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,77137,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,77139,77140,77142,77144,77146],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,77141,138],{"class":137},[66,77143,110],{"class":102},[66,77145,75446],{"class":106},[66,77147,131],{"class":102},[66,77149,77150,77152,77154,77156],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,77151,138],{"class":137},[66,77153,110],{"class":102},[66,77155,3397],{"class":106},[66,77157,131],{"class":102},[20,77159,148],{},[57,77161,77163],{"className":59,"code":77162,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77164,77165,77177],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77166,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77168,3652],{"class":102},[66,77170,2064],{"class":478},[66,77172,121],{"class":102},[66,77174,7546],{"class":478},[66,77176,3383],{"class":102},[66,77178,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77180,3652],{"class":102},[66,77182,2064],{"class":478},[66,77184,121],{"class":102},[66,77186,7546],{"class":478},[66,77188,121],{"class":102},[66,77190,7551],{"class":478},[66,77192,121],{"class":102},[66,77194,50611],{"class":478},[66,77196,3383],{"class":102},[20,77198,77199],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[258,77201,77203,77204,8464,77206],{"id":77202},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77205,75825],{},[15,77207,73290],{},[57,77209,77211],{"className":59,"code":77210,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77212,77213,77233,77237,77254,77265],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77214,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77216,3365],{"class":72},[66,77218,77],{"class":76},[66,77220,3370],{"class":102},[66,77222,2064],{"class":478},[66,77224,121],{"class":102},[66,77226,7546],{"class":478},[66,77228,121],{"class":102},[66,77230,7551],{"class":478},[66,77232,3383],{"class":102},[66,77234,77235],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77236,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,77238,77239,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,77240,77241],{"class":72},"reversed_copy ",[66,77243,77],{"class":76},[66,77245,4016],{"class":72},[66,77247,73886],{"class":102},[66,77249,1753],{"class":76},[66,77251,2729],{"class":478},[66,77253,3383],{"class":102},[66,77255,77256,77258,77260,77263],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,77257,138],{"class":137},[66,77259,110],{"class":102},[66,77261,77262],{"class":106},"reversed_copy",[66,77264,131],{"class":102},[66,77266,77267,77269,77271,77273],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,77268,138],{"class":137},[66,77270,110],{"class":102},[66,77272,3397],{"class":106},[66,77274,131],{"class":102},[20,77276,148],{},[57,77278,77280],{"className":59,"code":77279,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77281,77282,77298],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77283,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77285,3652],{"class":102},[66,77287,36608],{"class":478},[66,77289,121],{"class":102},[66,77291,7546],{"class":478},[66,77293,121],{"class":102},[66,77295,5757],{"class":478},[66,77297,3383],{"class":102},[66,77299,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77301,3652],{"class":102},[66,77303,2064],{"class":478},[66,77305,121],{"class":102},[66,77307,7546],{"class":478},[66,77309,121],{"class":102},[66,77311,7551],{"class":478},[66,77313,3383],{"class":102},[20,77315,77316,77319],{},[15,77317,77318],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77321,77322,77323,77326],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77324,77325],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[258,77328,77330],{"id":77329},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77332,77333],{},"This is not allowed:",[57,77335,77337],{"className":59,"code":77336,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77338,77339,77359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77340,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77342,3365],{"class":72},[66,77344,77],{"class":76},[66,77346,3370],{"class":102},[66,77348,2064],{"class":478},[66,77350,121],{"class":102},[66,77352,7546],{"class":478},[66,77354,121],{"class":102},[66,77356,7551],{"class":478},[66,77358,3383],{"class":102},[66,77360,77361],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77362,77363],{"class":3413},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77365,77366,77367,103],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77368,40471],{},[52,77370,77372],{"id":77371},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77374,77375],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[33,77377,77378,77385,77391,77394,77397],{},[36,77379,1128,77380,798,77382,77384],{},[15,77381,35839],{},[15,77383,75190],{}," positions",[36,77386,77387,77388,77390],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77389,75190],{}," index is included",[36,77392,77393],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[36,77395,77396],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[36,77398,77399],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77401,77402],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[57,77404,77406],{"className":59,"code":77405,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77407,77408,77418,77432,77450,77464,77481],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77409,77410,77412,77414,77416],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77411,138],{"class":137},[66,77413,110],{"class":102},[66,77415,8097],{"class":106},[66,77417,131],{"class":102},[66,77419,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77421,138],{"class":137},[66,77423,110],{"class":102},[66,77425,10924],{"class":137},[66,77427,110],{"class":102},[66,77429,8097],{"class":106},[66,77431,1330],{"class":102},[66,77433,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,77435,138],{"class":137},[66,77437,110],{"class":102},[66,77439,8097],{"class":106},[66,77441,3652],{"class":102},[66,77443,2729],{"class":478},[66,77445,1111],{"class":102},[66,77447,2241],{"class":478},[66,77449,3640],{"class":102},[66,77451,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,77453,138],{"class":137},[66,77455,110],{"class":102},[66,77457,8097],{"class":106},[66,77459,75299],{"class":102},[66,77461,1794],{"class":478},[66,77463,3640],{"class":102},[66,77465,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,77467,138],{"class":137},[66,77469,110],{"class":102},[66,77471,8097],{"class":106},[66,77473,3652],{"class":102},[66,77475,1753],{"class":76},[66,77477,1794],{"class":478},[66,77479,77480],{"class":102},":])\n",[66,77482,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,77484,138],{"class":137},[66,77486,110],{"class":102},[66,77488,8097],{"class":106},[66,77490,73886],{"class":102},[66,77492,1753],{"class":76},[66,77494,2729],{"class":478},[66,77496,3640],{"class":102},[20,77498,8176,77499,77501,77502,77506],{},[15,77500,42127],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[200,77503,77505],{"href":77504},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[52,77508,1518],{"id":1517},[258,77510,77512],{"id":77511},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77514,77515],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[258,77517,77519],{"id":77518},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77521,77522],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[258,77524,4897,77526,39727],{"id":77525},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77527,75825],{},[20,77529,77530],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[258,77532,77534,77535,2228],{"id":77533},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77536,70495],{},[20,77538,77539],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[52,77541,1620],{"id":1619},[33,77543,77544,77549,77554,77558,77562,77566],{},[36,77545,77546],{},[200,77547,77548],{"href":50746},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[36,77550,77551],{},[200,77552,77553],{"href":56922},"How to create a list in Python",[36,77555,77556],{},[200,77557,14726],{"href":56988},[36,77559,77560],{},[200,77561,74571],{"href":74570},[36,77563,77564],{},[200,77565,77505],{"href":77504},[36,77567,77568],{},[200,77569,69023],{"href":69022},[20,77571,77572,77573,77575],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77574,42127],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1651,77577,77578],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":77580},[77581,77582,77583,77584,77585,77586,77589,77593,77601,77602,77610],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":75354,"depth":91,"text":75355},{"id":75517,"depth":91,"text":75518},{"id":75779,"depth":91,"text":75780},{"id":76073,"depth":91,"text":76074},{"id":76319,"depth":91,"text":76320,"children":77587},[77588],{"id":76577,"depth":134,"text":76578},{"id":76631,"depth":91,"text":76632,"children":77590},[77591,77592],{"id":76638,"depth":134,"text":76639},{"id":76699,"depth":134,"text":76700},{"id":76906,"depth":91,"text":14938,"children":77594},[77595,77596,77597,77598,77600],{"id":76935,"depth":134,"text":76936},{"id":77024,"depth":134,"text":77025},{"id":77086,"depth":134,"text":77087},{"id":77202,"depth":134,"text":77599},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77329,"depth":134,"text":77330},{"id":77371,"depth":91,"text":77372},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":77603},[77604,77605,77606,77608],{"id":77511,"depth":134,"text":77512},{"id":77518,"depth":134,"text":77519},{"id":77525,"depth":134,"text":77607},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77533,"depth":134,"text":77609},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75177,"description":77611},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77618,"title":77619,"body":77620,"description":79689,"extension":1694,"meta":79690,"navigation":338,"path":79691,"seo":79692,"stem":79693,"__hash__":79694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77621,"toc":79655},[77622,77627,77633,77639,77641,77688,77695,77700,77704,77719,77722,77775,77777,77802,77807,77809,77841,77844,77860,77862,77923,77925,77950,77954,77959,78012,78014,78039,78044,78105,78107,78132,78135,78142,78146,78149,78210,78212,78245,78248,78309,78311,78344,78350,78423,78425,78457,78464,78469,78474,78476,78488,78491,78569,78571,78612,78615,78689,78691,78724,78729,78736,78743,78747,78756,78760,78768,78770,78837,78839,78875,78880,78891,78893,78898,78903,78905,78968,78970,78995,79002,79007,79011,79014,79054,79059,79065,79070,79072,79099,79104,79107,79154,79156,79213,79220,79225,79231,79300,79304,79307,79370,79372,79405,79410,79412,79415,79496,79498,79522,79528,79530,79535,79539,79546,79554,79558,79560,79583,79587,79589,79616,79619,79626,79629,79631,79652],[10,77623,54110,77625,18],{"id":77624},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77626,64076],{},[20,77628,77629,77632],{},[15,77630,77631],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77634,77635,77636,77638],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77637,64076],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[52,77640,55],{"id":54},[57,77642,77644],{"className":59,"code":77643,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77645,77646,77666,77676],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77647,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77649,3365],{"class":72},[66,77651,77],{"class":76},[66,77653,3370],{"class":102},[66,77655,1794],{"class":478},[66,77657,121],{"class":102},[66,77659,479],{"class":478},[66,77661,121],{"class":102},[66,77663,561],{"class":478},[66,77665,3383],{"class":102},[66,77667,77668,77670,77672,77674],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77669,3397],{"class":72},[66,77671,103],{"class":102},[66,77673,34566],{"class":106},[66,77675,8402],{"class":102},[66,77677,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,77679,138],{"class":137},[66,77681,110],{"class":102},[66,77683,3397],{"class":106},[66,77685,3410],{"class":102},[66,77687,54700],{"class":3413},[20,77689,160,77690,77692,77693,103],{},[15,77691,77631],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77694,3528],{},[52,77696,168,77698,41],{"id":77697},"what-listsort-does",[15,77699,77631],{},[20,77701,77702,1111],{},[15,77703,77631],{},[33,77705,77706,77709,77712,77716],{},[36,77707,77708],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[36,77710,77711],{},"Changes the original list",[36,77713,11186,77714],{},[15,77715,3528],{},[36,77717,77718],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77720,77721],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[57,77723,77725],{"className":59,"code":77724,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77726,77727,77751,77761,77765],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77728,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77730,3365],{"class":72},[66,77732,77],{"class":76},[66,77734,3370],{"class":102},[66,77736,1869],{"class":478},[66,77738,121],{"class":102},[66,77740,561],{"class":478},[66,77742,121],{"class":102},[66,77744,53904],{"class":478},[66,77746,121],{"class":102},[66,77748,479],{"class":478},[66,77750,3383],{"class":102},[66,77752,77753,77755,77757,77759],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77754,3397],{"class":72},[66,77756,103],{"class":102},[66,77758,34566],{"class":106},[66,77760,8402],{"class":102},[66,77762,77763],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,77764,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,77766,77767,77769,77771,77773],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,77768,138],{"class":137},[66,77770,110],{"class":102},[66,77772,3397],{"class":106},[66,77774,131],{"class":102},[20,77776,148],{},[57,77778,77780],{"className":59,"code":77779,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77781,77782],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77783,77784,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77785,3652],{"class":102},[66,77787,2729],{"class":478},[66,77789,121],{"class":102},[66,77791,561],{"class":478},[66,77793,121],{"class":102},[66,77795,4357],{"class":478},[66,77797,121],{"class":102},[66,77799,53904],{"class":478},[66,77801,3383],{"class":102},[20,77803,77804,77805,103],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[200,77806,66841],{"href":50746},[52,77808,1891],{"id":1890},[57,77810,77812],{"className":59,"code":77811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77813,77814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77815,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77835,77837,77839],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77817,8097],{"class":72},[66,77819,103],{"class":102},[66,77821,34566],{"class":106},[66,77823,110],{"class":102},[66,77825,14603],{"class":8936},[66,77827,77],{"class":76},[66,77829,3528],{"class":3602},[66,77831,121],{"class":102},[66,77833,77834],{"class":8936}," reverse",[66,77836,77],{"class":76},[66,77838,3424],{"class":3602},[66,77840,131],{"class":102},[20,77842,77843],{},"Main arguments:",[33,77845,77846,77851,77857],{},[36,77847,77848,77850],{},[15,77849,14603],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[36,77852,77853,77856],{},[15,77854,77855],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[36,77858,77859],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77861,923],{},[57,77863,77865],{"className":59,"code":77864,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77866,77867,77891,77909,77913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77868,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77870,3365],{"class":72},[66,77872,77],{"class":76},[66,77874,3370],{"class":102},[66,77876,2241],{"class":478},[66,77878,121],{"class":102},[66,77880,479],{"class":478},[66,77882,121],{"class":102},[66,77884,5746],{"class":478},[66,77886,121],{"class":102},[66,77888,561],{"class":478},[66,77890,3383],{"class":102},[66,77892,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77894,3397],{"class":72},[66,77896,103],{"class":102},[66,77898,34566],{"class":106},[66,77900,110],{"class":102},[66,77902,73341],{"class":8936},[66,77904,77],{"class":76},[66,77906,3350],{"class":3602},[66,77908,131],{"class":102},[66,77910,77911],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,77912,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,77914,77915,77917,77919,77921],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,77916,138],{"class":137},[66,77918,110],{"class":102},[66,77920,3397],{"class":106},[66,77922,131],{"class":102},[20,77924,148],{},[57,77926,77928],{"className":59,"code":77927,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77929,77930],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77931,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944,77946,77948],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77933,3652],{"class":102},[66,77935,1756],{"class":478},[66,77937,121],{"class":102},[66,77939,2192],{"class":478},[66,77941,121],{"class":102},[66,77943,561],{"class":478},[66,77945,121],{"class":102},[66,77947,479],{"class":478},[66,77949,3383],{"class":102},[52,77951,77953],{"id":77952},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77955,160,77956,77958],{},[15,77957,64076],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[57,77960,77962],{"className":59,"code":77961,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77963,77964,77988,77998,78002],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77965,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77967,3365],{"class":72},[66,77969,77],{"class":76},[66,77971,3370],{"class":102},[66,77973,2064],{"class":478},[66,77975,121],{"class":102},[66,77977,2186],{"class":478},[66,77979,121],{"class":102},[66,77981,6112],{"class":478},[66,77983,121],{"class":102},[66,77985,479],{"class":478},[66,77987,3383],{"class":102},[66,77989,77990,77992,77994,77996],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,77991,3397],{"class":72},[66,77993,103],{"class":102},[66,77995,34566],{"class":106},[66,77997,8402],{"class":102},[66,77999,78000],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78001,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78003,78004,78006,78008,78010],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78005,138],{"class":137},[66,78007,110],{"class":102},[66,78009,3397],{"class":106},[66,78011,131],{"class":102},[20,78013,148],{},[57,78015,78017],{"className":59,"code":78016,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78018,78019],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78020,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78022,3652],{"class":102},[66,78024,2729],{"class":478},[66,78026,121],{"class":102},[66,78028,2186],{"class":478},[66,78030,121],{"class":102},[66,78032,6112],{"class":478},[66,78034,121],{"class":102},[66,78036,5757],{"class":478},[66,78038,3383],{"class":102},[20,78040,160,78041,78043],{},[15,78042,77855],{}," for descending order:",[57,78045,78047],{"className":59,"code":78046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78048,78049,78073,78091,78095],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78050,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78052,3365],{"class":72},[66,78054,77],{"class":76},[66,78056,3370],{"class":102},[66,78058,2064],{"class":478},[66,78060,121],{"class":102},[66,78062,2186],{"class":478},[66,78064,121],{"class":102},[66,78066,6112],{"class":478},[66,78068,121],{"class":102},[66,78070,479],{"class":478},[66,78072,3383],{"class":102},[66,78074,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78076,3397],{"class":72},[66,78078,103],{"class":102},[66,78080,34566],{"class":106},[66,78082,110],{"class":102},[66,78084,73341],{"class":8936},[66,78086,77],{"class":76},[66,78088,3350],{"class":3602},[66,78090,131],{"class":102},[66,78092,78093],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78094,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78096,78097,78099,78101,78103],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78098,138],{"class":137},[66,78100,110],{"class":102},[66,78102,3397],{"class":106},[66,78104,131],{"class":102},[20,78106,148],{},[57,78108,78110],{"className":59,"code":78109,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78111,78112],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78113,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78115,3652],{"class":102},[66,78117,2064],{"class":478},[66,78119,121],{"class":102},[66,78121,6112],{"class":478},[66,78123,121],{"class":102},[66,78125,2186],{"class":478},[66,78127,121],{"class":102},[66,78129,479],{"class":478},[66,78131,3383],{"class":102},[20,78133,78134],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78136,78137,78138,103],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[200,78139,78141],{"href":78140},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[52,78143,78145],{"id":78144},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78147,78148],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[57,78150,78152],{"className":59,"code":78151,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78153,78154,78186,78196,78200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78157,3823],{"class":72},[66,78159,77],{"class":76},[66,78161,3370],{"class":102},[66,78163,113],{"class":80},[66,78165,627],{"class":84},[66,78167,113],{"class":80},[66,78169,121],{"class":102},[66,78171,81],{"class":80},[66,78173,3832],{"class":84},[66,78175,113],{"class":80},[66,78177,121],{"class":102},[66,78179,81],{"class":80},[66,78181,3849],{"class":84},[66,78183,113],{"class":80},[66,78185,3383],{"class":102},[66,78187,78188,78190,78192,78194],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78189,3866],{"class":72},[66,78191,103],{"class":102},[66,78193,34566],{"class":106},[66,78195,8402],{"class":102},[66,78197,78198],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78199,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78203,138],{"class":137},[66,78205,110],{"class":102},[66,78207,3866],{"class":106},[66,78209,131],{"class":102},[20,78211,148],{},[57,78213,78215],{"className":59,"code":78214,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78216,78217],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78218,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78220,3652],{"class":102},[66,78222,3044],{"class":80},[66,78224,3832],{"class":84},[66,78226,3044],{"class":80},[66,78228,121],{"class":102},[66,78230,3039],{"class":80},[66,78232,627],{"class":84},[66,78234,3044],{"class":80},[66,78236,121],{"class":102},[66,78238,3039],{"class":80},[66,78240,3849],{"class":84},[66,78242,3044],{"class":80},[66,78244,3383],{"class":102},[20,78246,78247],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[57,78249,78251],{"className":59,"code":78250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78252,78253,78285,78295,78299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78254,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78256,3823],{"class":72},[66,78258,77],{"class":76},[66,78260,3370],{"class":102},[66,78262,113],{"class":80},[66,78264,627],{"class":84},[66,78266,113],{"class":80},[66,78268,121],{"class":102},[66,78270,81],{"class":80},[66,78272,57537],{"class":84},[66,78274,113],{"class":80},[66,78276,121],{"class":102},[66,78278,81],{"class":80},[66,78280,3849],{"class":84},[66,78282,113],{"class":80},[66,78284,3383],{"class":102},[66,78286,78287,78289,78291,78293],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78288,3866],{"class":72},[66,78290,103],{"class":102},[66,78292,34566],{"class":106},[66,78294,8402],{"class":102},[66,78296,78297],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78298,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78300,78301,78303,78305,78307],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78302,138],{"class":137},[66,78304,110],{"class":102},[66,78306,3866],{"class":106},[66,78308,131],{"class":102},[20,78310,148],{},[57,78312,78314],{"className":59,"code":78313,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78315,78316],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78317,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78319,3652],{"class":102},[66,78321,3044],{"class":80},[66,78323,57537],{"class":84},[66,78325,3044],{"class":80},[66,78327,121],{"class":102},[66,78329,3039],{"class":80},[66,78331,627],{"class":84},[66,78333,3044],{"class":80},[66,78335,121],{"class":102},[66,78337,3039],{"class":80},[66,78339,3849],{"class":84},[66,78341,3044],{"class":80},[66,78343,3383],{"class":102},[20,78345,78346,78347,1111],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78348,78349],{},"key=str.lower",[57,78351,78353],{"className":59,"code":78352,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78354,78355,78387,78409,78413],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78356,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78358,3823],{"class":72},[66,78360,77],{"class":76},[66,78362,3370],{"class":102},[66,78364,113],{"class":80},[66,78366,627],{"class":84},[66,78368,113],{"class":80},[66,78370,121],{"class":102},[66,78372,81],{"class":80},[66,78374,57537],{"class":84},[66,78376,113],{"class":80},[66,78378,121],{"class":102},[66,78380,81],{"class":80},[66,78382,3849],{"class":84},[66,78384,113],{"class":80},[66,78386,3383],{"class":102},[66,78388,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78390,3866],{"class":72},[66,78392,103],{"class":102},[66,78394,34566],{"class":106},[66,78396,110],{"class":102},[66,78398,14603],{"class":8936},[66,78400,77],{"class":76},[66,78402,3188],{"class":2641},[66,78404,103],{"class":102},[66,78406,8399],{"class":24515},[66,78408,131],{"class":102},[66,78410,78411],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78412,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78414,78415,78417,78419,78421],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78416,138],{"class":137},[66,78418,110],{"class":102},[66,78420,3866],{"class":106},[66,78422,131],{"class":102},[20,78424,148],{},[57,78426,78427],{"className":59,"code":78313,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,78428,78429],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78430,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78432,3652],{"class":102},[66,78434,3044],{"class":80},[66,78436,57537],{"class":84},[66,78438,3044],{"class":80},[66,78440,121],{"class":102},[66,78442,3039],{"class":80},[66,78444,627],{"class":84},[66,78446,3044],{"class":80},[66,78448,121],{"class":102},[66,78450,3039],{"class":80},[66,78452,3849],{"class":84},[66,78454,3044],{"class":80},[66,78456,3383],{"class":102},[20,78458,78459,78460,78463],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78461,78462],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[52,78465,36380,78467,36383],{"id":78466},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78468,14603],{},[20,78470,1711,78471,78473],{},[15,78472,14603],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78475,7097],{},[33,78477,78478,78483],{},[36,78479,78480,78482],{},[15,78481,10924],{}," to sort by length",[36,78484,78485,78487],{},[15,78486,78462],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78489,78490],{},"Sort words by length:",[57,78492,78494],{"className":59,"code":78493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78495,78496,78537,78555,78559],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78497,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78499,3823],{"class":72},[66,78501,77],{"class":76},[66,78503,3370],{"class":102},[66,78505,113],{"class":80},[66,78507,78508],{"class":84},"pear",[66,78510,113],{"class":80},[66,78512,121],{"class":102},[66,78514,81],{"class":80},[66,78516,627],{"class":84},[66,78518,113],{"class":80},[66,78520,121],{"class":102},[66,78522,81],{"class":80},[66,78524,38124],{"class":84},[66,78526,113],{"class":80},[66,78528,121],{"class":102},[66,78530,81],{"class":80},[66,78532,3832],{"class":84},[66,78534,113],{"class":80},[66,78536,3383],{"class":102},[66,78538,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78540,3866],{"class":72},[66,78542,103],{"class":102},[66,78544,34566],{"class":106},[66,78546,110],{"class":102},[66,78548,14603],{"class":8936},[66,78550,77],{"class":76},[66,78552,10924],{"class":137},[66,78554,131],{"class":102},[66,78556,78557],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78558,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78560,78561,78563,78565,78567],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78562,138],{"class":137},[66,78564,110],{"class":102},[66,78566,3866],{"class":106},[66,78568,131],{"class":102},[20,78570,148],{},[57,78572,78574],{"className":59,"code":78573,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78575,78576],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78577,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78579,3652],{"class":102},[66,78581,3044],{"class":80},[66,78583,38124],{"class":84},[66,78585,3044],{"class":80},[66,78587,121],{"class":102},[66,78589,3039],{"class":80},[66,78591,78508],{"class":84},[66,78593,3044],{"class":80},[66,78595,121],{"class":102},[66,78597,3039],{"class":80},[66,78599,3832],{"class":84},[66,78601,3044],{"class":80},[66,78603,121],{"class":102},[66,78605,3039],{"class":80},[66,78607,627],{"class":84},[66,78609,3044],{"class":80},[66,78611,3383],{"class":102},[20,78613,78614],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[57,78616,78618],{"className":59,"code":78617,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78619,78620,78653,78675,78679],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78649,78651],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78623,3823],{"class":72},[66,78625,77],{"class":76},[66,78627,3370],{"class":102},[66,78629,113],{"class":80},[66,78631,4767],{"class":84},[66,78633,113],{"class":80},[66,78635,121],{"class":102},[66,78637,81],{"class":80},[66,78639,17565],{"class":84},[66,78641,113],{"class":80},[66,78643,121],{"class":102},[66,78645,81],{"class":80},[66,78647,78648],{"class":84},"Carol",[66,78650,113],{"class":80},[66,78652,3383],{"class":102},[66,78654,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78656,3866],{"class":72},[66,78658,103],{"class":102},[66,78660,34566],{"class":106},[66,78662,110],{"class":102},[66,78664,14603],{"class":8936},[66,78666,77],{"class":76},[66,78668,3188],{"class":2641},[66,78670,103],{"class":102},[66,78672,8399],{"class":24515},[66,78674,131],{"class":102},[66,78676,78677],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78678,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78680,78681,78683,78685,78687],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78682,138],{"class":137},[66,78684,110],{"class":102},[66,78686,3866],{"class":106},[66,78688,131],{"class":102},[20,78690,148],{},[57,78692,78694],{"className":59,"code":78693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78695,78696],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78697,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78699,3652],{"class":102},[66,78701,3044],{"class":80},[66,78703,17565],{"class":84},[66,78705,3044],{"class":80},[66,78707,121],{"class":102},[66,78709,3039],{"class":80},[66,78711,4767],{"class":84},[66,78713,3044],{"class":80},[66,78715,121],{"class":102},[66,78717,3039],{"class":80},[66,78719,78648],{"class":84},[66,78721,3044],{"class":80},[66,78723,3383],{"class":102},[20,78725,1711,78726,78728],{},[15,78727,14603],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[52,78730,78732,10348,78734],{"id":78731},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78733,77631],{},[15,78735,74188],{},[20,78737,78738,798,78740,78742],{},[15,78739,77631],{},[15,78741,74188],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78744,78745,1111],{},[15,78746,77631],{},[33,78748,78749,78752],{},[36,78750,78751],{},"Changes the existing list",[36,78753,11186,78754],{},[15,78755,3528],{},[20,78757,78758,1111],{},[15,78759,74188],{},[33,78761,78762,78765],{},[36,78763,78764],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[36,78766,78767],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78769,923],{},[57,78771,78773],{"className":59,"code":78772,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78774,78775,78795,78799,78813,78817,78827],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78776,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78778,3365],{"class":72},[66,78780,77],{"class":76},[66,78782,3370],{"class":102},[66,78784,1794],{"class":478},[66,78786,121],{"class":102},[66,78788,479],{"class":478},[66,78790,121],{"class":102},[66,78792,561],{"class":478},[66,78794,3383],{"class":102},[66,78796,78797],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78798,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78800,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78802,55658],{"class":72},[66,78804,77],{"class":76},[66,78806,74322],{"class":137},[66,78808,110],{"class":102},[66,78810,3397],{"class":106},[66,78812,131],{"class":102},[66,78814,78815],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78816,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78818,78819,78821,78823,78825],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,78820,138],{"class":137},[66,78822,110],{"class":102},[66,78824,3397],{"class":106},[66,78826,131],{"class":102},[66,78828,78829,78831,78833,78835],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,78830,138],{"class":137},[66,78832,110],{"class":102},[66,78834,74045],{"class":106},[66,78836,131],{"class":102},[20,78838,148],{},[57,78840,78841],{"className":59,"code":74357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,78842,78843,78859],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78844,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78846,3652],{"class":102},[66,78848,1794],{"class":478},[66,78850,121],{"class":102},[66,78852,479],{"class":478},[66,78854,121],{"class":102},[66,78856,561],{"class":478},[66,78858,3383],{"class":102},[66,78860,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78862,3652],{"class":102},[66,78864,2729],{"class":478},[66,78866,121],{"class":102},[66,78868,561],{"class":478},[66,78870,121],{"class":102},[66,78872,2186],{"class":478},[66,78874,3383],{"class":102},[20,78876,160,78877,78879],{},[15,78878,74188],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78881,78882,78883,798,78887,103],{},"You can learn more in ",[200,78884,3321,78885,5537],{"href":74285},[15,78886,74188],{},[200,78888,78890],{"href":78889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[52,78892,2568],{"id":2567},[20,78894,78895,78896,103],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78897,77631],{},[258,78899,12357,78901],{"id":78900},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78902,64076],{},[20,78904,25456],{},[57,78906,78908],{"className":59,"code":78907,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78909,78910,78930,78944,78948,78958],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78911,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78913,3365],{"class":72},[66,78915,77],{"class":76},[66,78917,3370],{"class":102},[66,78919,1794],{"class":478},[66,78921,121],{"class":102},[66,78923,479],{"class":478},[66,78925,121],{"class":102},[66,78927,561],{"class":478},[66,78929,3383],{"class":102},[66,78931,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78933,447],{"class":72},[66,78935,77],{"class":76},[66,78937,4016],{"class":72},[66,78939,103],{"class":102},[66,78941,34566],{"class":106},[66,78943,8402],{"class":102},[66,78945,78946],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,78947,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,78949,78950,78952,78954,78956],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,78951,138],{"class":137},[66,78953,110],{"class":102},[66,78955,494],{"class":106},[66,78957,131],{"class":102},[66,78959,78960,78962,78964,78966],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,78961,138],{"class":137},[66,78963,110],{"class":102},[66,78965,3397],{"class":106},[66,78967,131],{"class":102},[20,78969,148],{},[57,78971,78973],{"className":59,"code":78972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78974,78975,78979],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78976,78977],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78978,11570],{"class":3602},[66,78980,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,78982,3652],{"class":102},[66,78984,2729],{"class":478},[66,78986,121],{"class":102},[66,78988,561],{"class":478},[66,78990,121],{"class":102},[66,78992,2186],{"class":478},[66,78994,3383],{"class":102},[20,78996,78997,78999,79000,103],{},[15,78998,64076],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79001,3528],{},[20,79003,79004,79005,6385],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79006,74188],{},[258,79008,79010],{"id":79009},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79012,79013],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[57,79015,79017],{"className":59,"code":79016,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79018,79019,79044],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79020,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79036,79038,79040,79042],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79022,7535],{"class":72},[66,79024,77],{"class":76},[66,79026,3370],{"class":102},[66,79028,2729],{"class":478},[66,79030,121],{"class":102},[66,79032,81],{"class":80},[66,79034,79035],{"class":84},"two",[66,79037,113],{"class":80},[66,79039,121],{"class":102},[66,79041,2186],{"class":478},[66,79043,3383],{"class":102},[66,79045,79046,79048,79050,79052],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,79047,7566],{"class":72},[66,79049,103],{"class":102},[66,79051,34566],{"class":106},[66,79053,8402],{"class":102},[20,79055,2743,79056,79058],{},[15,79057,2746],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[258,79060,4457,79062,79064],{"id":79061},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79063,64076],{}," only works on lists",[20,79066,79067,79069],{},[15,79068,64076],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79071,16406],{},[57,79073,79075],{"className":59,"code":79074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79076,79077,79089],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79078,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79080,73],{"class":72},[66,79082,77],{"class":76},[66,79084,81],{"class":80},[66,79086,61],{"class":84},[66,79088,88],{"class":80},[66,79090,79091,79093,79095,79097],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,79092,349],{"class":72},[66,79094,103],{"class":102},[66,79096,34566],{"class":106},[66,79098,8402],{"class":102},[20,79100,79101,79102,33369],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79103,64076],{},[20,79105,79106],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[57,79108,79110],{"className":59,"code":79109,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79111,79112,79130,79140,79144],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79113,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79115,35857],{"class":72},[66,79117,77],{"class":76},[66,79119,22324],{"class":2641},[66,79121,110],{"class":102},[66,79123,113],{"class":80},[66,79125,61],{"class":84},[66,79127,113],{"class":80},[66,79129,131],{"class":102},[66,79131,79132,79134,79136,79138],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,79133,35910],{"class":72},[66,79135,103],{"class":102},[66,79137,34566],{"class":106},[66,79139,8402],{"class":102},[66,79141,79142],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,79143,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,79145,79146,79148,79150,79152],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,79147,138],{"class":137},[66,79149,110],{"class":102},[66,79151,35910],{"class":106},[66,79153,131],{"class":102},[20,79155,148],{},[57,79157,79159],{"className":59,"code":79158,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79160,79161],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79162,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79164,3652],{"class":102},[66,79166,3044],{"class":80},[66,79168,60206],{"class":84},[66,79170,3044],{"class":80},[66,79172,121],{"class":102},[66,79174,3039],{"class":80},[66,79176,75794],{"class":84},[66,79178,3044],{"class":80},[66,79180,121],{"class":102},[66,79182,3039],{"class":80},[66,79184,656],{"class":84},[66,79186,3044],{"class":80},[66,79188,121],{"class":102},[66,79190,3039],{"class":80},[66,79192,20],{"class":84},[66,79194,3044],{"class":80},[66,79196,121],{"class":102},[66,79198,3039],{"class":80},[66,79200,63051],{"class":84},[66,79202,3044],{"class":80},[66,79204,121],{"class":102},[66,79206,3039],{"class":80},[66,79208,969],{"class":84},[66,79210,3044],{"class":80},[66,79212,3383],{"class":102},[258,79214,79216,79217,79219],{"id":79215},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79218,14603],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79221,79222,79223,103],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79224,14603],{},[20,79226,79227,79228,79230],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79229,64076],{}," will not do that:",[57,79232,79234],{"className":59,"code":79233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79235,79236,79268,79286,79290],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79237,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79239,3823],{"class":72},[66,79241,77],{"class":76},[66,79243,3370],{"class":102},[66,79245,113],{"class":80},[66,79247,627],{"class":84},[66,79249,113],{"class":80},[66,79251,121],{"class":102},[66,79253,81],{"class":80},[66,79255,38124],{"class":84},[66,79257,113],{"class":80},[66,79259,121],{"class":102},[66,79261,81],{"class":80},[66,79263,3832],{"class":84},[66,79265,113],{"class":80},[66,79267,3383],{"class":102},[66,79269,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,79271,3866],{"class":72},[66,79273,103],{"class":102},[66,79275,34566],{"class":106},[66,79277,110],{"class":102},[66,79279,14603],{"class":8936},[66,79281,77],{"class":76},[66,79283,10924],{"class":137},[66,79285,131],{"class":102},[66,79287,79288],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,79289,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,79291,79292,79294,79296,79298],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,79293,138],{"class":137},[66,79295,110],{"class":102},[66,79297,3866],{"class":106},[66,79299,131],{"class":102},[258,79301,79303],{"id":79302},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79305,79306],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[57,79308,79310],{"className":59,"code":79309,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79311,79312,79346,79356,79360],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79313,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339,79342,79344],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79315,3823],{"class":72},[66,79317,77],{"class":76},[66,79319,3370],{"class":102},[66,79321,113],{"class":80},[66,79323,79324],{"class":84},"zebra",[66,79326,113],{"class":80},[66,79328,121],{"class":102},[66,79330,81],{"class":80},[66,79332,57537],{"class":84},[66,79334,113],{"class":80},[66,79336,121],{"class":102},[66,79338,81],{"class":80},[66,79340,79341],{"class":84},"monkey",[66,79343,113],{"class":80},[66,79345,3383],{"class":102},[66,79347,79348,79350,79352,79354],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,79349,3866],{"class":72},[66,79351,103],{"class":102},[66,79353,34566],{"class":106},[66,79355,8402],{"class":102},[66,79357,79358],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,79359,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,79361,79362,79364,79366,79368],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,79363,138],{"class":137},[66,79365,110],{"class":102},[66,79367,3866],{"class":106},[66,79369,131],{"class":102},[20,79371,148],{},[57,79373,79375],{"className":59,"code":79374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79376,79377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79378,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79380,3652],{"class":102},[66,79382,3044],{"class":80},[66,79384,57537],{"class":84},[66,79386,3044],{"class":80},[66,79388,121],{"class":102},[66,79390,3039],{"class":80},[66,79392,79341],{"class":84},[66,79394,3044],{"class":80},[66,79396,121],{"class":102},[66,79398,3039],{"class":80},[66,79400,79324],{"class":84},[66,79402,3044],{"class":80},[66,79404,3383],{"class":102},[20,79406,160,79407,79409],{},[15,79408,78349],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[258,79411,60475],{"id":60474},[20,79413,79414],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[57,79416,79418],{"className":59,"code":79417,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79419,79420,79430,79444,79458,79472],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79421,79422,79424,79426,79428],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79423,138],{"class":137},[66,79425,110],{"class":102},[66,79427,8097],{"class":106},[66,79429,131],{"class":102},[66,79431,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,79433,138],{"class":137},[66,79435,110],{"class":102},[66,79437,2964],{"class":2641},[66,79439,110],{"class":102},[66,79441,8097],{"class":106},[66,79443,1330],{"class":102},[66,79445,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,79447,138],{"class":137},[66,79449,110],{"class":102},[66,79451,8097],{"class":106},[66,79453,103],{"class":102},[66,79455,34566],{"class":106},[66,79457,6949],{"class":102},[66,79459,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,79461,138],{"class":137},[66,79463,110],{"class":102},[66,79465,74278],{"class":137},[66,79467,110],{"class":102},[66,79469,8097],{"class":106},[66,79471,1330],{"class":102},[66,79473,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,79475,138],{"class":137},[66,79477,2726],{"class":102},[66,79479,2964],{"class":2641},[66,79481,110],{"class":102},[66,79483,23075],{"class":106},[66,79485,3410],{"class":102},[66,79487,3628],{"class":3627},[66,79489,5713],{"class":106},[66,79491,3634],{"class":3627},[66,79493,8154],{"class":106},[66,79495,3640],{"class":102},[20,79497,10933],{},[33,79499,79500,79503,79506,79513,79519],{},[36,79501,79502],{},"What values are in the list",[36,79504,79505],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[36,79507,79508,79509,2131,79511],{},"That ",[15,79510,64076],{},[15,79512,3528],{},[36,79514,79515,79516,79518],{},"Whether ",[15,79517,74188],{}," works better for your case",[36,79520,79521],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79523,79524,79525,79527],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79526,2746],{}," problems.",[52,79529,1518],{"id":1517},[258,79531,1522,79533,55237],{"id":79532},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79534,77631],{},[20,79536,62367,79537,103],{},[15,79538,3528],{},[258,79540,4934,79542,798,79544,2228],{"id":79541},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79543,64076],{},[15,79545,74188],{},[20,79547,79548,79550,79551,79553],{},[15,79549,64076],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79552,74188],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[258,79555,79557],{"id":79556},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79559,18457],{},[57,79561,79563],{"className":59,"code":79562,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79564,79565],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79566,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79568,8097],{"class":72},[66,79570,103],{"class":102},[66,79572,34566],{"class":106},[66,79574,110],{"class":102},[66,79576,73341],{"class":8936},[66,79578,77],{"class":76},[66,79580,3350],{"class":3602},[66,79582,131],{"class":102},[258,79584,79586],{"id":79585},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79588,18457],{},[57,79590,79592],{"className":59,"code":79591,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79593,79594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79595,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79597,8097],{"class":72},[66,79599,103],{"class":102},[66,79601,34566],{"class":106},[66,79603,110],{"class":102},[66,79605,14603],{"class":8936},[66,79607,77],{"class":76},[66,79609,3188],{"class":2641},[66,79611,103],{"class":102},[66,79613,8399],{"class":24515},[66,79615,131],{"class":102},[20,79617,79618],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[258,79620,79622,79623,79625],{"id":79621},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79624,2746],{}," when sorting?",[20,79627,79628],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[52,79630,1620],{"id":1619},[33,79632,79633,79638,79644,79648],{},[36,79634,79635],{},[200,79636,79637],{"href":78140},"How to sort a list in Python",[36,79639,79640],{},[200,79641,3321,79642,5537],{"href":74285},[15,79643,74188],{},[36,79645,79646],{},[200,79647,66841],{"href":50746},[36,79649,79650],{},[200,79651,78890],{"href":78889},[1651,79653,79654],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":79656},[79657,79658,79660,79661,79662,79663,79665,79667,79678,79688],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":77697,"depth":91,"text":79659},"What list.sort() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":77952,"depth":91,"text":77953},{"id":78144,"depth":91,"text":78145},{"id":78466,"depth":91,"text":79664},"Using the key argument",{"id":78731,"depth":91,"text":79666},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":79668},[79669,79671,79672,79674,79676,79677],{"id":78900,"depth":134,"text":79670},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79009,"depth":134,"text":79010},{"id":79061,"depth":134,"text":79673},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79215,"depth":134,"text":79675},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79302,"depth":134,"text":79303},{"id":60474,"depth":134,"text":60475},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":79679},[79680,79682,79684,79685,79686],{"id":79532,"depth":134,"text":79681},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79541,"depth":134,"text":79683},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79556,"depth":134,"text":79557},{"id":79585,"depth":134,"text":79586},{"id":79621,"depth":134,"text":79687},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77619,"description":79689},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79696,"title":79697,"body":79698,"description":82329,"extension":1694,"meta":82330,"navigation":338,"path":82331,"seo":82332,"stem":82333,"__hash__":82334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79699,"toc":82288},[79700,79705,79710,79713,79724,79727,79747,79749,79811,79813,79854,79863,79868,79873,79879,79890,79892,79911,79914,79919,79924,79926,79931,79945,79947,79965,79968,79985,79988,79994,80017,80022,80024,80027,80088,80090,80123,80125,80164,80172,80182,80188,80193,80286,80288,80312,80314,80332,80335,80366,80372,80377,80380,80382,80507,80509,80533,80535,80554,80560,80566,80685,80687,80704,80711,80717,80722,80729,80735,80737,80794,80797,80818,80821,80824,80885,80887,80920,80924,80994,80996,81013,81017,81020,81095,81097,81134,81137,81140,81211,81213,81274,81279,81284,81287,81301,81303,81376,81378,81398,81401,81404,81461,81523,81526,81558,81561,81576,81581,81583,81589,81592,81648,81651,81653,81672,81676,81678,81722,81731,81733,81793,81797,81800,81802,81895,81897,82012,82016,82018,82092,82095,82098,82100,82105,82170,82172,82196,82206,82208,82214,82223,82232,82241,82247,82250,82254,82257,82259,82285],[10,79701,3321,79703,3325],{"id":79702},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79704,39483],{},[20,79706,3328,79707,79709],{},[15,79708,39483],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79711,79712],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[33,79714,79715,79718,79721],{},[36,79716,79717],{},"converting numbers to strings",[36,79719,79720],{},"changing strings to integers",[36,79722,79723],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79725,79726],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[33,79728,79729,79736,79742],{},[36,79730,79731,13815,79733,79735],{},[15,79732,39483],{},[398,79734,4383],{}," return a list in Python 3",[36,79737,79738,79739],{},"it returns a ",[398,79740,79741],{},"map object",[36,79743,79744,79745],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79746,24546],{},[52,79748,55],{"id":54},[57,79750,79752],{"className":59,"code":79751,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79753,79754,79778,79797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79755,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772,79774,79776],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79757,3365],{"class":72},[66,79759,77],{"class":76},[66,79761,3370],{"class":102},[66,79763,2729],{"class":478},[66,79765,121],{"class":102},[66,79767,561],{"class":478},[66,79769,121],{"class":102},[66,79771,2186],{"class":478},[66,79773,121],{"class":102},[66,79775,2192],{"class":478},[66,79777,3383],{"class":102},[66,79779,79780,79782,79784,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,79781,447],{"class":72},[66,79783,77],{"class":76},[66,79785,79786],{"class":137}," map",[66,79788,110],{"class":102},[66,79790,3188],{"class":2641},[66,79792,121],{"class":102},[66,79794,4016],{"class":106},[66,79796,131],{"class":102},[66,79798,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,79800,138],{"class":137},[66,79802,110],{"class":102},[66,79804,7851],{"class":2641},[66,79806,110],{"class":102},[66,79808,494],{"class":106},[66,79810,1330],{"class":102},[20,79812,148],{},[57,79814,79816],{"className":59,"code":79815,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79817,79818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79819,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79821,3652],{"class":102},[66,79823,3044],{"class":80},[66,79825,2729],{"class":84},[66,79827,3044],{"class":80},[66,79829,121],{"class":102},[66,79831,3039],{"class":80},[66,79833,1788],{"class":84},[66,79835,3044],{"class":80},[66,79837,121],{"class":102},[66,79839,3039],{"class":80},[66,79841,1794],{"class":84},[66,79843,3044],{"class":80},[66,79845,121],{"class":102},[66,79847,3039],{"class":80},[66,79849,2241],{"class":84},[66,79851,3044],{"class":80},[66,79853,3383],{"class":102},[20,79855,160,79856,79859,79860,79862],{},[15,79857,79858],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79861,24546],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[52,79864,168,79866,41],{"id":79865},"what-map-does",[15,79867,39483],{},[20,79869,79870,79872],{},[15,79871,39483],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79874,79875,79876,79878],{},"An ",[398,79877,3470],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[33,79880,79881,79883,79885,79887],{},[36,79882,37667],{},[36,79884,37670],{},[36,79886,37673],{},[36,79888,79889],{},"a range object",[20,79891,30492],{},[57,79893,79895],{"className":59,"code":79894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79896,79897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79898,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79900,39626],{"class":137},[66,79902,110],{"class":102},[66,79904,37626],{"class":106},[66,79906,121],{"class":102},[66,79908,37631],{"class":106},[66,79910,131],{"class":102},[20,79912,79913],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79915,79916,79917,33510],{},"Important: the result is a ",[398,79918,79741],{},[20,79920,79921,79922,103],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[200,79923,4891],{"href":4890},[52,79925,1891],{"id":1890},[20,79927,79928,79930],{},[15,79929,39483],{}," needs at least two parts:",[33,79932,79933,79939],{},[36,79934,79935,79938],{},[398,79936,79937],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[36,79940,79941,79944],{},[398,79942,79943],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79946,3455],{},[57,79948,79949],{"className":59,"code":79894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,79950,79951],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79952,79953,79955,79957,79959,79961,79963],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79954,39626],{"class":137},[66,79956,110],{"class":102},[66,79958,37626],{"class":106},[66,79960,121],{"class":102},[66,79962,37631],{"class":106},[66,79964,131],{"class":102},[20,79966,79967],{},"You can pass:",[33,79969,79970,79979,79982],{},[36,79971,79972,79973,1923,79975,1927,79977],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79974,3188],{},[15,79976,1922],{},[15,79978,1748],{},[36,79980,79981],{},"your own custom function",[36,79983,79984],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79986,79987],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79989,79990,79991,79993],{},"You will often see ",[15,79992,39483],{}," used like this:",[57,79995,79997],{"className":59,"code":79996,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79998,79999],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80000,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80002,7851],{"class":2641},[66,80004,110],{"class":102},[66,80006,39626],{"class":137},[66,80008,110],{"class":102},[66,80010,37626],{"class":106},[66,80012,121],{"class":102},[66,80014,3637],{"class":106},[66,80016,1330],{"class":102},[20,80018,6431,80019,80021],{},[15,80020,24546],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[52,80023,11238],{"id":11237},[20,80025,80026],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[57,80028,80030],{"className":59,"code":80029,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80031,80032,80052,80070,80074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80033,80034,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80035,3365],{"class":72},[66,80037,77],{"class":76},[66,80039,3370],{"class":102},[66,80041,2064],{"class":478},[66,80043,121],{"class":102},[66,80045,7546],{"class":478},[66,80047,121],{"class":102},[66,80049,7551],{"class":478},[66,80051,3383],{"class":102},[66,80053,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,80055,447],{"class":72},[66,80057,77],{"class":76},[66,80059,79786],{"class":137},[66,80061,110],{"class":102},[66,80063,3188],{"class":2641},[66,80065,121],{"class":102},[66,80067,4016],{"class":106},[66,80069,131],{"class":102},[66,80071,80072],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,80073,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80075,80076,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,80077,138],{"class":137},[66,80079,110],{"class":102},[66,80081,7851],{"class":2641},[66,80083,110],{"class":102},[66,80085,494],{"class":106},[66,80087,1330],{"class":102},[20,80089,148],{},[57,80091,80093],{"className":59,"code":80092,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80094,80095],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80096,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80098,3652],{"class":102},[66,80100,3044],{"class":80},[66,80102,2064],{"class":84},[66,80104,3044],{"class":80},[66,80106,121],{"class":102},[66,80108,3039],{"class":80},[66,80110,15516],{"class":84},[66,80112,3044],{"class":80},[66,80114,121],{"class":102},[66,80116,3039],{"class":80},[66,80118,36608],{"class":84},[66,80120,3044],{"class":80},[66,80122,3383],{"class":102},[20,80124,11447],{},[33,80126,80127,80132,80140,80148,80156],{},[36,80128,80129,80131],{},[15,80130,3397],{}," contains integers",[36,80133,80134,80137,80138],{},[15,80135,80136],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80139,47451],{},[36,80141,80142,41921,80145],{},[15,80143,80144],{},"str(10)",[15,80146,80147],{},"'10'",[36,80149,80150,41921,80153],{},[15,80151,80152],{},"str(20)",[15,80154,80155],{},"'20'",[36,80157,80158,41921,80161],{},[15,80159,80160],{},"str(30)",[15,80162,80163],{},"'30'",[20,80165,53421,80166,80168,80169,80171],{},[15,80167,39483],{}," applies ",[15,80170,47451],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80173,80174,80175,80177,80178,103],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80176,24546],{}," better, see ",[200,80179,3321,80180,3254],{"href":64611},[15,80181,24546],{},[52,80183,8176,80185,80187],{"id":80184},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80186,39483],{}," with your own function",[20,80189,15476,80190,80192],{},[15,80191,39483],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[57,80194,80196],{"className":59,"code":80195,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80197,80198,80211,80221,80225,80249,80268,80272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80199,80200,80202,80205,80207,80209],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80201,34618],{"class":1797},[66,80203,80204],{"class":34621}," double",[66,80206,110],{"class":102},[66,80208,960],{"class":37428},[66,80210,8100],{"class":102},[66,80212,80213,80215,80217,80219],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,80214,34629],{"class":3627},[66,80216,3631],{"class":72},[66,80218,39639],{"class":76},[66,80220,45356],{"class":478},[66,80222,80223],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,80224,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80226,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,80228,3365],{"class":72},[66,80230,77],{"class":76},[66,80232,3370],{"class":102},[66,80234,2729],{"class":478},[66,80236,121],{"class":102},[66,80238,561],{"class":478},[66,80240,121],{"class":102},[66,80242,2186],{"class":478},[66,80244,121],{"class":102},[66,80246,2192],{"class":478},[66,80248,3383],{"class":102},[66,80250,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80262,80264,80266],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,80252,447],{"class":72},[66,80254,77],{"class":76},[66,80256,79786],{"class":137},[66,80258,110],{"class":102},[66,80260,80261],{"class":106},"double",[66,80263,121],{"class":102},[66,80265,4016],{"class":106},[66,80267,131],{"class":102},[66,80269,80270],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,80271,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80273,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,80275,138],{"class":137},[66,80277,110],{"class":102},[66,80279,7851],{"class":2641},[66,80281,110],{"class":102},[66,80283,494],{"class":106},[66,80285,1330],{"class":102},[20,80287,148],{},[57,80289,80290],{"className":59,"code":39652,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,80291,80292],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80293,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80295,3652],{"class":102},[66,80297,1788],{"class":478},[66,80299,121],{"class":102},[66,80301,2192],{"class":478},[66,80303,121],{"class":102},[66,80305,37409],{"class":478},[66,80307,121],{"class":102},[66,80309,6112],{"class":478},[66,80311,3383],{"class":102},[20,80313,65348],{},[33,80315,80316,80323,80329],{},[36,80317,80318,80320,80321],{},[15,80319,39483],{}," takes the function ",[15,80322,80261],{},[36,80324,80325,80326,80328],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80327,3397],{}," into that function",[36,80330,80331],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80333,80334],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[33,80336,80337,80344,80351,80359],{},[36,80338,80339,5825,80342],{},[15,80340,80341],{},"double(1)",[15,80343,1788],{},[36,80345,80346,5825,80349],{},[15,80347,80348],{},"double(2)",[15,80350,2241],{},[36,80352,80353,5825,80356],{},[15,80354,80355],{},"double(3)",[15,80357,80358],{},"6",[36,80360,80361,5825,80364],{},[15,80362,80363],{},"double(4)",[15,80365,2079],{},[52,80367,8176,80369,80371],{"id":80368},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80370,39483],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80373,80374,80376],{},[15,80375,39483],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80378,80379],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80381,923],{},[57,80383,80385],{"className":59,"code":80384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80386,80387,80404,80414,80418,80439,80460,80464,80489,80493],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80388,80389,80391,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80390,34618],{"class":1797},[66,80392,80393],{"class":34621}," add_numbers",[66,80395,110],{"class":102},[66,80397,200],{"class":37428},[66,80399,121],{"class":102},[66,80401,2296],{"class":37428},[66,80403,8100],{"class":102},[66,80405,80406,80408,80410,80412],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,80407,34629],{"class":3627},[66,80409,44311],{"class":72},[66,80411,1791],{"class":76},[66,80413,35949],{"class":72},[66,80415,80416],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,80417,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80419,80420,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,80421,80422],{"class":72},"list1 ",[66,80424,77],{"class":76},[66,80426,3370],{"class":102},[66,80428,2729],{"class":478},[66,80430,121],{"class":102},[66,80432,561],{"class":478},[66,80434,121],{"class":102},[66,80436,2186],{"class":478},[66,80438,3383],{"class":102},[66,80440,80441,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,80442,80443],{"class":72},"list2 ",[66,80445,77],{"class":76},[66,80447,3370],{"class":102},[66,80449,2064],{"class":478},[66,80451,121],{"class":102},[66,80453,7546],{"class":478},[66,80455,121],{"class":102},[66,80457,7551],{"class":478},[66,80459,3383],{"class":102},[66,80461,80462],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,80463,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80465,80466,80468,80470,80472,80474,80477,80479,80482,80484,80487],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,80467,447],{"class":72},[66,80469,77],{"class":76},[66,80471,79786],{"class":137},[66,80473,110],{"class":102},[66,80475,80476],{"class":106},"add_numbers",[66,80478,121],{"class":102},[66,80480,80481],{"class":106}," list1",[66,80483,121],{"class":102},[66,80485,80486],{"class":106}," list2",[66,80488,131],{"class":102},[66,80490,80491],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,80492,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80494,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,80496,138],{"class":137},[66,80498,110],{"class":102},[66,80500,7851],{"class":2641},[66,80502,110],{"class":102},[66,80504,494],{"class":106},[66,80506,1330],{"class":102},[20,80508,148],{},[57,80510,80512],{"className":59,"code":80511,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80513,80514],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80515,80516,80518,80521,80523,80526,80528,80531],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80517,3652],{"class":102},[66,80519,80520],{"class":478},"11",[66,80522,121],{"class":102},[66,80524,80525],{"class":478}," 22",[66,80527,121],{"class":102},[66,80529,80530],{"class":478}," 33",[66,80532,3383],{"class":102},[20,80534,1912],{},[33,80536,80537,80543,80549],{},[36,80538,80539,80540],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80541,80542],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[36,80544,80545,80546],{},"then ",[15,80547,80548],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[36,80550,80545,80551],{},[15,80552,80553],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[258,80555,80557,80559],{"id":80556},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80558,39483],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80561,80562,80563,80565],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80564,39483],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[57,80567,80569],{"className":59,"code":80568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80570,80571,80587,80597,80601,80625,80641,80645,80667,80671],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80572,80573,80575,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80574,34618],{"class":1797},[66,80576,80393],{"class":34621},[66,80578,110],{"class":102},[66,80580,200],{"class":37428},[66,80582,121],{"class":102},[66,80584,2296],{"class":37428},[66,80586,8100],{"class":102},[66,80588,80589,80591,80593,80595],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,80590,34629],{"class":3627},[66,80592,44311],{"class":72},[66,80594,1791],{"class":76},[66,80596,35949],{"class":72},[66,80598,80599],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,80600,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80602,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,80604,80422],{"class":72},[66,80606,77],{"class":76},[66,80608,3370],{"class":102},[66,80610,2729],{"class":478},[66,80612,121],{"class":102},[66,80614,561],{"class":478},[66,80616,121],{"class":102},[66,80618,2186],{"class":478},[66,80620,121],{"class":102},[66,80622,2192],{"class":478},[66,80624,3383],{"class":102},[66,80626,80627,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,80628,80443],{"class":72},[66,80630,77],{"class":76},[66,80632,3370],{"class":102},[66,80634,2064],{"class":478},[66,80636,121],{"class":102},[66,80638,7546],{"class":478},[66,80640,3383],{"class":102},[66,80642,80643],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,80644,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80646,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,80648,447],{"class":72},[66,80650,77],{"class":76},[66,80652,79786],{"class":137},[66,80654,110],{"class":102},[66,80656,80476],{"class":106},[66,80658,121],{"class":102},[66,80660,80481],{"class":106},[66,80662,121],{"class":102},[66,80664,80486],{"class":106},[66,80666,131],{"class":102},[66,80668,80669],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,80670,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80672,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,80674,138],{"class":137},[66,80676,110],{"class":102},[66,80678,7851],{"class":2641},[66,80680,110],{"class":102},[66,80682,494],{"class":106},[66,80684,1330],{"class":102},[20,80686,148],{},[57,80688,80690],{"className":59,"code":80689,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80691,80692],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80693,80694,80696,80698,80700,80702],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80695,3652],{"class":102},[66,80697,80520],{"class":478},[66,80699,121],{"class":102},[66,80701,80525],{"class":478},[66,80703,3383],{"class":102},[20,80705,80706,80707,80710],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80708,80709],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[52,80712,80714,80716],{"id":80713},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80715,39483],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80718,37789,80719,80721],{},[15,80720,39483],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80723,80724,80725,80728],{},"This object is ",[398,80726,80727],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[258,80730,2224,80732,80734],{"id":80731},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80733,32795],{}," looks strange",[20,80736,33411],{},[57,80738,80740],{"className":59,"code":80739,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80741,80742,80762,80780,80784],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80743,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80745,3365],{"class":72},[66,80747,77],{"class":76},[66,80749,3370],{"class":102},[66,80751,2729],{"class":478},[66,80753,121],{"class":102},[66,80755,561],{"class":478},[66,80757,121],{"class":102},[66,80759,2186],{"class":478},[66,80761,3383],{"class":102},[66,80763,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,80765,447],{"class":72},[66,80767,77],{"class":76},[66,80769,79786],{"class":137},[66,80771,110],{"class":102},[66,80773,3188],{"class":2641},[66,80775,121],{"class":102},[66,80777,4016],{"class":106},[66,80779,131],{"class":102},[66,80781,80782],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,80783,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80785,80786,80788,80790,80792],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,80787,138],{"class":137},[66,80789,110],{"class":102},[66,80791,494],{"class":106},[66,80793,131],{"class":102},[20,80795,80796],{},"Output will look something like this:",[57,80798,80800],{"className":59,"code":80799,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80801,80802],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80803,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80805,3033],{"class":76},[66,80807,39626],{"class":137},[66,80809,24382],{"class":2641},[66,80811,37129],{"class":72},[66,80813,37133],{"class":37132},[66,80815,37136],{"class":879},[66,80817,3047],{"class":76},[20,80819,80820],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80822,80823],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[57,80825,80827],{"className":59,"code":80826,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80828,80829,80849,80867,80871],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80830,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80832,3365],{"class":72},[66,80834,77],{"class":76},[66,80836,3370],{"class":102},[66,80838,2729],{"class":478},[66,80840,121],{"class":102},[66,80842,561],{"class":478},[66,80844,121],{"class":102},[66,80846,2186],{"class":478},[66,80848,3383],{"class":102},[66,80850,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,80852,447],{"class":72},[66,80854,77],{"class":76},[66,80856,79786],{"class":137},[66,80858,110],{"class":102},[66,80860,3188],{"class":2641},[66,80862,121],{"class":102},[66,80864,4016],{"class":106},[66,80866,131],{"class":102},[66,80868,80869],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,80870,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80872,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,80874,138],{"class":137},[66,80876,110],{"class":102},[66,80878,7851],{"class":2641},[66,80880,110],{"class":102},[66,80882,494],{"class":106},[66,80884,1330],{"class":102},[20,80886,148],{},[57,80888,80890],{"className":59,"code":80889,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80891,80892],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80893,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80895,3652],{"class":102},[66,80897,3044],{"class":80},[66,80899,2729],{"class":84},[66,80901,3044],{"class":80},[66,80903,121],{"class":102},[66,80905,3039],{"class":80},[66,80907,1788],{"class":84},[66,80909,3044],{"class":80},[66,80911,121],{"class":102},[66,80913,3039],{"class":80},[66,80915,1794],{"class":84},[66,80917,3044],{"class":80},[66,80919,3383],{"class":102},[258,80921,80923],{"id":80922},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[57,80925,80927],{"className":59,"code":80926,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80928,80929,80949,80967,80971,80984],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80930,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80932,3365],{"class":72},[66,80934,77],{"class":76},[66,80936,3370],{"class":102},[66,80938,2729],{"class":478},[66,80940,121],{"class":102},[66,80942,561],{"class":478},[66,80944,121],{"class":102},[66,80946,2186],{"class":478},[66,80948,3383],{"class":102},[66,80950,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,80952,447],{"class":72},[66,80954,77],{"class":76},[66,80956,79786],{"class":137},[66,80958,110],{"class":102},[66,80960,3188],{"class":2641},[66,80962,121],{"class":102},[66,80964,4016],{"class":106},[66,80966,131],{"class":102},[66,80968,80969],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,80970,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,80972,80973,80975,80977,80979,80982],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,80974,5710],{"class":3627},[66,80976,5713],{"class":72},[66,80978,3634],{"class":3627},[66,80980,80981],{"class":72}," result",[66,80983,6146],{"class":102},[66,80985,80986,80988,80990,80992],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,80987,7826],{"class":137},[66,80989,110],{"class":102},[66,80991,23075],{"class":106},[66,80993,131],{"class":102},[20,80995,148],{},[57,80997,80999],{"className":59,"code":80998,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81000,81001,81005,81009],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81002,81003],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81004,46684],{"class":478},[66,81006,81007],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81008,16819],{"class":478},[66,81010,81011],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81012,46384],{"class":478},[258,81014,81016],{"id":81015},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81018,81019],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[57,81021,81023],{"className":59,"code":81022,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81024,81025,81045,81063,81067,81081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81026,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81028,3365],{"class":72},[66,81030,77],{"class":76},[66,81032,3370],{"class":102},[66,81034,2729],{"class":478},[66,81036,121],{"class":102},[66,81038,561],{"class":478},[66,81040,121],{"class":102},[66,81042,2186],{"class":478},[66,81044,3383],{"class":102},[66,81046,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81048,447],{"class":72},[66,81050,77],{"class":76},[66,81052,79786],{"class":137},[66,81054,110],{"class":102},[66,81056,3188],{"class":2641},[66,81058,121],{"class":102},[66,81060,4016],{"class":106},[66,81062,131],{"class":102},[66,81064,81065],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81066,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81068,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,81070,138],{"class":137},[66,81072,110],{"class":102},[66,81074,7851],{"class":2641},[66,81076,110],{"class":102},[66,81078,494],{"class":106},[66,81080,1330],{"class":102},[66,81082,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,81084,138],{"class":137},[66,81086,110],{"class":102},[66,81088,7851],{"class":2641},[66,81090,110],{"class":102},[66,81092,494],{"class":106},[66,81094,1330],{"class":102},[20,81096,148],{},[57,81098,81100],{"className":59,"code":81099,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81101,81102,81130],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81103,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81105,3652],{"class":102},[66,81107,3044],{"class":80},[66,81109,2729],{"class":84},[66,81111,3044],{"class":80},[66,81113,121],{"class":102},[66,81115,3039],{"class":80},[66,81117,1788],{"class":84},[66,81119,3044],{"class":80},[66,81121,121],{"class":102},[66,81123,3039],{"class":80},[66,81125,1794],{"class":84},[66,81127,3044],{"class":80},[66,81129,3383],{"class":102},[66,81131,81132],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81133,38063],{"class":102},[20,81135,81136],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81138,81139],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[57,81141,81143],{"className":59,"code":81142,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81144,81145,81165,81187,81191,81201],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81146,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81148,3365],{"class":72},[66,81150,77],{"class":76},[66,81152,3370],{"class":102},[66,81154,2729],{"class":478},[66,81156,121],{"class":102},[66,81158,561],{"class":478},[66,81160,121],{"class":102},[66,81162,2186],{"class":478},[66,81164,3383],{"class":102},[66,81166,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81168,447],{"class":72},[66,81170,77],{"class":76},[66,81172,22324],{"class":2641},[66,81174,110],{"class":102},[66,81176,39626],{"class":137},[66,81178,110],{"class":102},[66,81180,3188],{"class":2641},[66,81182,121],{"class":102},[66,81184,4016],{"class":106},[66,81186,1330],{"class":102},[66,81188,81189],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81190,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81192,81193,81195,81197,81199],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,81194,138],{"class":137},[66,81196,110],{"class":102},[66,81198,494],{"class":106},[66,81200,131],{"class":102},[66,81202,81203,81205,81207,81209],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,81204,138],{"class":137},[66,81206,110],{"class":102},[66,81208,494],{"class":106},[66,81210,131],{"class":102},[20,81212,148],{},[57,81214,81216],{"className":59,"code":81215,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81217,81218,81246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81219,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81221,3652],{"class":102},[66,81223,3044],{"class":80},[66,81225,2729],{"class":84},[66,81227,3044],{"class":80},[66,81229,121],{"class":102},[66,81231,3039],{"class":80},[66,81233,1788],{"class":84},[66,81235,3044],{"class":80},[66,81237,121],{"class":102},[66,81239,3039],{"class":80},[66,81241,1794],{"class":84},[66,81243,3044],{"class":80},[66,81245,3383],{"class":102},[66,81247,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81249,3652],{"class":102},[66,81251,3044],{"class":80},[66,81253,2729],{"class":84},[66,81255,3044],{"class":80},[66,81257,121],{"class":102},[66,81259,3039],{"class":80},[66,81261,1788],{"class":84},[66,81263,3044],{"class":80},[66,81265,121],{"class":102},[66,81267,3039],{"class":80},[66,81269,1794],{"class":84},[66,81271,3044],{"class":80},[66,81273,3383],{"class":102},[52,81275,4715,81277],{"id":81276},"when-to-use-map",[15,81278,39483],{},[20,81280,81281,81283],{},[15,81282,39483],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81285,81286],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[33,81288,81289,81293,81297],{},[36,81290,81291],{},[15,81292,3188],{},[36,81294,81295],{},[15,81296,1922],{},[36,81298,81299],{},[15,81300,1748],{},[20,81302,923],{},[57,81304,81306],{"className":59,"code":81305,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81307,81308,81340,81362,81366],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81309,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81311,3573],{"class":72},[66,81313,77],{"class":76},[66,81315,3370],{"class":102},[66,81317,3044],{"class":80},[66,81319,2729],{"class":84},[66,81321,3044],{"class":80},[66,81323,121],{"class":102},[66,81325,3039],{"class":80},[66,81327,1788],{"class":84},[66,81329,3044],{"class":80},[66,81331,121],{"class":102},[66,81333,3039],{"class":80},[66,81335,1794],{"class":84},[66,81337,3044],{"class":80},[66,81339,3383],{"class":102},[66,81341,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81343,3365],{"class":72},[66,81345,77],{"class":76},[66,81347,22324],{"class":2641},[66,81349,110],{"class":102},[66,81351,39626],{"class":137},[66,81353,110],{"class":102},[66,81355,1922],{"class":2641},[66,81357,121],{"class":102},[66,81359,3637],{"class":106},[66,81361,1330],{"class":102},[66,81363,81364],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81365,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81367,81368,81370,81372,81374],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,81369,138],{"class":137},[66,81371,110],{"class":102},[66,81373,3397],{"class":106},[66,81375,131],{"class":102},[20,81377,148],{},[57,81379,81380],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,81381,81382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81383,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81385,3652],{"class":102},[66,81387,2729],{"class":478},[66,81389,121],{"class":102},[66,81391,561],{"class":478},[66,81393,121],{"class":102},[66,81395,2186],{"class":478},[66,81397,3383],{"class":102},[20,81399,81400],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81402,81403],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[57,81405,81407],{"className":59,"code":81406,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81408,81409,81429,81451],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81410,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81412,3365],{"class":72},[66,81414,77],{"class":76},[66,81416,3370],{"class":102},[66,81418,2729],{"class":478},[66,81420,121],{"class":102},[66,81422,561],{"class":478},[66,81424,121],{"class":102},[66,81426,2186],{"class":478},[66,81428,3383],{"class":102},[66,81430,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81432,447],{"class":72},[66,81434,77],{"class":76},[66,81436,22324],{"class":2641},[66,81438,110],{"class":102},[66,81440,39626],{"class":137},[66,81442,110],{"class":102},[66,81444,3188],{"class":2641},[66,81446,121],{"class":102},[66,81448,4016],{"class":106},[66,81450,1330],{"class":102},[66,81452,81453,81455,81457,81459],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81454,138],{"class":137},[66,81456,110],{"class":102},[66,81458,494],{"class":106},[66,81460,131],{"class":102},[57,81462,81464],{"className":59,"code":81463,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81465,81466,81486,81513],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81467,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81469,3365],{"class":72},[66,81471,77],{"class":76},[66,81473,3370],{"class":102},[66,81475,2729],{"class":478},[66,81477,121],{"class":102},[66,81479,561],{"class":478},[66,81481,121],{"class":102},[66,81483,2186],{"class":478},[66,81485,3383],{"class":102},[66,81487,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81507,81509,81511],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81489,447],{"class":72},[66,81491,77],{"class":76},[66,81493,3370],{"class":102},[66,81495,3188],{"class":2641},[66,81497,110],{"class":102},[66,81499,75794],{"class":106},[66,81501,3410],{"class":102},[66,81503,3628],{"class":3627},[66,81505,81506],{"class":72}," n ",[66,81508,3634],{"class":3627},[66,81510,4016],{"class":72},[66,81512,3383],{"class":102},[66,81514,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81516,138],{"class":137},[66,81518,110],{"class":102},[66,81520,494],{"class":106},[66,81522,131],{"class":102},[20,81524,81525],{},"Both produce:",[57,81527,81528],{"className":59,"code":80889,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,81529,81530],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81531,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81533,3652],{"class":102},[66,81535,3044],{"class":80},[66,81537,2729],{"class":84},[66,81539,3044],{"class":80},[66,81541,121],{"class":102},[66,81543,3039],{"class":80},[66,81545,1788],{"class":84},[66,81547,3044],{"class":80},[66,81549,121],{"class":102},[66,81551,3039],{"class":80},[66,81553,1794],{"class":84},[66,81555,3044],{"class":80},[66,81557,3383],{"class":102},[20,81559,81560],{},"A simple rule:",[33,81562,81563,81568,81573],{},[36,81564,39757,81565,81567],{},[15,81566,39483],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[36,81569,39763,81570,81572],{},[15,81571,5710],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[36,81574,81575],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81577,81578,81579,103],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[200,81580,4146],{"href":4145},[52,81582,1105],{"id":1104},[258,81584,81586,81587],{"id":81585},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81588,24546],{},[20,81590,81591],{},"This is very common:",[57,81593,81594],{"className":59,"code":80739,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,81595,81596,81616,81634,81638],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81597,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81599,3365],{"class":72},[66,81601,77],{"class":76},[66,81603,3370],{"class":102},[66,81605,2729],{"class":478},[66,81607,121],{"class":102},[66,81609,561],{"class":478},[66,81611,121],{"class":102},[66,81613,2186],{"class":478},[66,81615,3383],{"class":102},[66,81617,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81619,447],{"class":72},[66,81621,77],{"class":76},[66,81623,79786],{"class":137},[66,81625,110],{"class":102},[66,81627,3188],{"class":2641},[66,81629,121],{"class":102},[66,81631,4016],{"class":106},[66,81633,131],{"class":102},[66,81635,81636],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81637,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81639,81640,81642,81644,81646],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,81641,138],{"class":137},[66,81643,110],{"class":102},[66,81645,494],{"class":106},[66,81647,131],{"class":102},[20,81649,81650],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81652,39028],{},[57,81654,81656],{"className":59,"code":81655,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81657,81658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81659,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81661,138],{"class":137},[66,81663,110],{"class":102},[66,81665,7851],{"class":2641},[66,81667,110],{"class":102},[66,81669,494],{"class":106},[66,81671,1330],{"class":102},[258,81673,81675],{"id":81674},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81677,16406],{},[57,81679,81681],{"className":59,"code":81680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81682,81683,81703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81684,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81686,3365],{"class":72},[66,81688,77],{"class":76},[66,81690,3370],{"class":102},[66,81692,2729],{"class":478},[66,81694,121],{"class":102},[66,81696,561],{"class":478},[66,81698,121],{"class":102},[66,81700,2186],{"class":478},[66,81702,3383],{"class":102},[66,81704,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81718,81720],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81706,447],{"class":72},[66,81708,77],{"class":76},[66,81710,79786],{"class":137},[66,81712,110],{"class":102},[66,81714,3188],{"class":2641},[66,81716,81717],{"class":102},"(),",[66,81719,4016],{"class":106},[66,81721,131],{"class":102},[20,81723,81724,81725,81727,81728,81730],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81726,47451],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81729,39483],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81732,16418],{},[57,81734,81735],{"className":59,"code":80826,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,81736,81737,81757,81775,81779],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81738,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81740,3365],{"class":72},[66,81742,77],{"class":76},[66,81744,3370],{"class":102},[66,81746,2729],{"class":478},[66,81748,121],{"class":102},[66,81750,561],{"class":478},[66,81752,121],{"class":102},[66,81754,2186],{"class":478},[66,81756,3383],{"class":102},[66,81758,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81760,447],{"class":72},[66,81762,77],{"class":76},[66,81764,79786],{"class":137},[66,81766,110],{"class":102},[66,81768,3188],{"class":2641},[66,81770,121],{"class":102},[66,81772,4016],{"class":106},[66,81774,131],{"class":102},[66,81776,81777],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81778,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81780,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,81782,138],{"class":137},[66,81784,110],{"class":102},[66,81786,7851],{"class":2641},[66,81788,110],{"class":102},[66,81790,494],{"class":106},[66,81792,1330],{"class":102},[258,81794,81796],{"id":81795},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81798,81799],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81801,16406],{},[57,81803,81805],{"className":59,"code":81804,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81806,81807,81824,81834,81838,81858,81877,81881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81808,81809,81811,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81810,34618],{"class":1797},[66,81812,81813],{"class":34621}," add",[66,81815,110],{"class":102},[66,81817,200],{"class":37428},[66,81819,121],{"class":102},[66,81821,2296],{"class":37428},[66,81823,8100],{"class":102},[66,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81827,34629],{"class":3627},[66,81829,44311],{"class":72},[66,81831,1791],{"class":76},[66,81833,35949],{"class":72},[66,81835,81836],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81837,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,81841,3365],{"class":72},[66,81843,77],{"class":76},[66,81845,3370],{"class":102},[66,81847,2729],{"class":478},[66,81849,121],{"class":102},[66,81851,561],{"class":478},[66,81853,121],{"class":102},[66,81855,2186],{"class":478},[66,81857,3383],{"class":102},[66,81859,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81871,81873,81875],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,81861,447],{"class":72},[66,81863,77],{"class":76},[66,81865,79786],{"class":137},[66,81867,110],{"class":102},[66,81869,81870],{"class":106},"add",[66,81872,121],{"class":102},[66,81874,4016],{"class":106},[66,81876,131],{"class":102},[66,81878,81879],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,81880,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81882,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,81884,138],{"class":137},[66,81886,110],{"class":102},[66,81888,7851],{"class":2641},[66,81890,110],{"class":102},[66,81892,494],{"class":106},[66,81894,1330],{"class":102},[20,81896,16418],{},[57,81898,81900],{"className":59,"code":81899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81901,81902,81918,81928,81932,81952,81972,81994,81998],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81903,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81905,34618],{"class":1797},[66,81907,81813],{"class":34621},[66,81909,110],{"class":102},[66,81911,200],{"class":37428},[66,81913,121],{"class":102},[66,81915,2296],{"class":37428},[66,81917,8100],{"class":102},[66,81919,81920,81922,81924,81926],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,81921,34629],{"class":3627},[66,81923,44311],{"class":72},[66,81925,1791],{"class":76},[66,81927,35949],{"class":72},[66,81929,81930],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,81931,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,81935,80422],{"class":72},[66,81937,77],{"class":76},[66,81939,3370],{"class":102},[66,81941,2729],{"class":478},[66,81943,121],{"class":102},[66,81945,561],{"class":478},[66,81947,121],{"class":102},[66,81949,2186],{"class":478},[66,81951,3383],{"class":102},[66,81953,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,81955,80443],{"class":72},[66,81957,77],{"class":76},[66,81959,3370],{"class":102},[66,81961,2064],{"class":478},[66,81963,121],{"class":102},[66,81965,7546],{"class":478},[66,81967,121],{"class":102},[66,81969,7551],{"class":478},[66,81971,3383],{"class":102},[66,81973,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,81975,447],{"class":72},[66,81977,77],{"class":76},[66,81979,79786],{"class":137},[66,81981,110],{"class":102},[66,81983,81870],{"class":106},[66,81985,121],{"class":102},[66,81987,80481],{"class":106},[66,81989,121],{"class":102},[66,81991,80486],{"class":106},[66,81993,131],{"class":102},[66,81995,81996],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,81997,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,81999,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,82001,138],{"class":137},[66,82003,110],{"class":102},[66,82005,7851],{"class":2641},[66,82007,110],{"class":102},[66,82009,494],{"class":106},[66,82011,1330],{"class":102},[258,82013,82015],{"id":82014},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82017,16406],{},[57,82019,82020],{"className":59,"code":81022,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,82021,82022,82042,82060,82064,82078],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82023,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82025,3365],{"class":72},[66,82027,77],{"class":76},[66,82029,3370],{"class":102},[66,82031,2729],{"class":478},[66,82033,121],{"class":102},[66,82035,561],{"class":478},[66,82037,121],{"class":102},[66,82039,2186],{"class":478},[66,82041,3383],{"class":102},[66,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82045,447],{"class":72},[66,82047,77],{"class":76},[66,82049,79786],{"class":137},[66,82051,110],{"class":102},[66,82053,3188],{"class":2641},[66,82055,121],{"class":102},[66,82057,4016],{"class":106},[66,82059,131],{"class":102},[66,82061,82062],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,82063,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,82065,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,82067,138],{"class":137},[66,82069,110],{"class":102},[66,82071,7851],{"class":2641},[66,82073,110],{"class":102},[66,82075,494],{"class":106},[66,82077,1330],{"class":102},[66,82079,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,82081,138],{"class":137},[66,82083,110],{"class":102},[66,82085,7851],{"class":2641},[66,82087,110],{"class":102},[66,82089,494],{"class":106},[66,82091,1330],{"class":102},[20,82093,82094],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82096,82097],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[52,82099,67659],{"id":67658},[20,82101,8635,82102,82104],{},[15,82103,39483],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[57,82106,82108],{"className":59,"code":82107,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82109,82110,82120,82134,82148,82160],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82111,82112,82114,82116,82118],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82113,138],{"class":137},[66,82115,110],{"class":102},[66,82117,494],{"class":106},[66,82119,131],{"class":102},[66,82121,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82123,138],{"class":137},[66,82125,110],{"class":102},[66,82127,7851],{"class":2641},[66,82129,110],{"class":102},[66,82131,494],{"class":106},[66,82133,1330],{"class":102},[66,82135,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,82137,138],{"class":137},[66,82139,110],{"class":102},[66,82141,2964],{"class":2641},[66,82143,110],{"class":102},[66,82145,494],{"class":106},[66,82147,1330],{"class":102},[66,82149,82150,82152,82154,82156,82158],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,82151,5710],{"class":3627},[66,82153,5713],{"class":72},[66,82155,3634],{"class":3627},[66,82157,80981],{"class":72},[66,82159,6146],{"class":102},[66,82161,82162,82164,82166,82168],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,82163,7826],{"class":137},[66,82165,110],{"class":102},[66,82167,23075],{"class":106},[66,82169,131],{"class":102},[20,82171,12435],{},[33,82173,82174,82179,82184,82190],{},[36,82175,82176,82178],{},[15,82177,32795],{}," shows that you have a map object",[36,82180,82181,82183],{},[15,82182,32803],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[36,82185,82186,82189],{},[15,82187,82188],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[36,82191,82192,82193,82195],{},"looping over ",[15,82194,494],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82197,82198,82199,82202,82203,82205],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82200,82201],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82204,5710],{}," loop consume the map object.",[52,82207,1518],{"id":1517},[258,82209,1522,82211,82213],{"id":82210},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82212,39483],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82215,82216,82217,82219,82220,23703],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82218,39483],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82221,82222],{},"list(map(...))",[258,82224,1610,82226,82228,82229,82231],{"id":82225},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82227,39483],{}," better than a ",[15,82230,5710],{}," loop?",[20,82233,82234,82235,82237,82238,82240],{},"Not always. ",[15,82236,39483],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82239,5710],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[258,82242,1573,82244,82246],{"id":82243},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82245,39483],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82248,82249],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[258,82251,82253],{"id":82252},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82255,82256],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[52,82258,1620],{"id":1619},[33,82260,82261,82267,82273,82277,82281],{},[36,82262,82263],{},[200,82264,3321,82265,3254],{"href":39852},[15,82266,37341],{},[36,82268,82269],{},[200,82270,3321,82271,3254],{"href":64611},[15,82272,24546],{},[36,82274,82275],{},[200,82276,4976],{"href":4886},[36,82278,82279],{},[200,82280,4981],{"href":4145},[36,82282,82283],{},[200,82284,4971],{"href":4890},[1651,82286,82287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":82289},[82290,82291,82293,82294,82295,82297,82302,82309,82311,82318,82319,82328],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":79865,"depth":91,"text":82292},"What map() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":80184,"depth":91,"text":82296},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80368,"depth":91,"text":82298,"children":82299},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82300],{"id":80556,"depth":134,"text":82301},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80713,"depth":91,"text":82303,"children":82304},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82305,82307,82308],{"id":80731,"depth":134,"text":82306},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80922,"depth":134,"text":80923},{"id":81015,"depth":134,"text":81016},{"id":81276,"depth":91,"text":82310},"When to use map()",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":82312},[82313,82315,82316,82317],{"id":81585,"depth":134,"text":82314},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81674,"depth":134,"text":81675},{"id":81795,"depth":134,"text":81796},{"id":82014,"depth":134,"text":82015},{"id":67658,"depth":91,"text":67659},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":82320},[82321,82323,82325,82327],{"id":82210,"depth":134,"text":82322},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82225,"depth":134,"text":82324},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82243,"depth":134,"text":82326},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82252,"depth":134,"text":82253},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79697,"description":82329},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82336,"title":82337,"body":82338,"description":84358,"extension":1694,"meta":84359,"navigation":338,"path":84360,"seo":84361,"stem":84362,"__hash__":84363},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82339,"toc":84316},[82340,82346,82351,82354,82362,82365,82367,82491,82493,82511,82513,82533,82538,82542,82556,82559,82562,82564,82569,82681,82684,82702,82708,82711,82773,82775,82784,82787,82801,82803,82851,82853,82862,82872,82878,82881,82908,82910,82918,82921,82924,82994,82996,83004,83007,83012,83017,83068,83070,83078,83081,83083,83100,83102,83154,83157,83163,83167,83172,83175,83179,83238,83240,83249,83255,83264,83268,83331,83333,83341,83346,83350,83355,83435,83437,83446,83453,83458,83463,83466,83501,83503,83511,83514,83520,83522,83572,83574,83583,83586,83604,83606,83611,83617,83624,83651,83653,83676,83681,83716,83721,83727,83732,83775,83778,83781,83820,83827,83833,83838,83853,83857,83864,83867,83871,83876,83880,83885,83887,83948,83950,83979,83984,83991,84000,84002,84005,84030,84032,84135,84138,84156,84165,84167,84172,84175,84181,84184,84186,84196,84202,84206,84264,84271,84279,84281,84313],[10,82341,3321,82343,3325],{"id":82342},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82344,82345],{},"max()",[20,82347,8883,82348,82350],{},[15,82349,82345],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82352,82353],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[33,82355,82356,82359],{},[36,82357,82358],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[36,82360,82361],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82363,82364],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[52,82366,55],{"id":54},[57,82368,82370],{"className":59,"code":82369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82371,82372,82396,82411,82415,82441,82445,82477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82373,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82375,3365],{"class":72},[66,82377,77],{"class":76},[66,82379,3370],{"class":102},[66,82381,1794],{"class":478},[66,82383,121],{"class":102},[66,82385,6112],{"class":478},[66,82387,121],{"class":102},[66,82389,561],{"class":478},[66,82391,121],{"class":102},[66,82393,4357],{"class":478},[66,82395,3383],{"class":102},[66,82397,82398,82400,82402,82405,82407,82409],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82399,138],{"class":137},[66,82401,110],{"class":102},[66,82403,82404],{"class":137},"max",[66,82406,110],{"class":102},[66,82408,3397],{"class":106},[66,82410,1330],{"class":102},[66,82412,82413],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,82414,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,82416,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,82418,138],{"class":137},[66,82420,110],{"class":102},[66,82422,82404],{"class":137},[66,82424,110],{"class":102},[66,82426,1794],{"class":478},[66,82428,121],{"class":102},[66,82430,6112],{"class":478},[66,82432,121],{"class":102},[66,82434,561],{"class":478},[66,82436,121],{"class":102},[66,82438,4357],{"class":478},[66,82440,1330],{"class":102},[66,82442,82443],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,82444,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,82446,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,82448,3823],{"class":72},[66,82450,77],{"class":76},[66,82452,3370],{"class":102},[66,82454,113],{"class":80},[66,82456,3832],{"class":84},[66,82458,113],{"class":80},[66,82460,121],{"class":102},[66,82462,81],{"class":80},[66,82464,627],{"class":84},[66,82466,113],{"class":80},[66,82468,121],{"class":102},[66,82470,81],{"class":80},[66,82472,78508],{"class":84},[66,82474,113],{"class":80},[66,82476,3383],{"class":102},[66,82478,82479,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,82480,138],{"class":137},[66,82482,110],{"class":102},[66,82484,82404],{"class":137},[66,82486,110],{"class":102},[66,82488,3866],{"class":106},[66,82490,1330],{"class":102},[20,82492,148],{},[57,82494,82496],{"className":59,"code":82495,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82497,82498,82502,82506],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82499,82500],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82501,2115],{"class":478},[66,82503,82504],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82505,2115],{"class":478},[66,82507,82508],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,82509,82510],{"class":72},"pear\n",[20,82512,19720],{},[33,82514,82515,82521,82527],{},[36,82516,82517,82520],{},[15,82518,82519],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[36,82522,82523,82526],{},[15,82524,82525],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[36,82528,82529,82532],{},[15,82530,82531],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[52,82534,168,82536,41],{"id":82535},"what-max-does",[15,82537,82345],{},[20,82539,82540,1111],{},[15,82541,82345],{},[33,82543,82544,82547,82550,82553],{},[36,82545,82546],{},"Returns the largest item",[36,82548,82549],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[36,82551,82552],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[36,82554,82555],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82557,82558],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82560,82561],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[52,82563,1891],{"id":1890},[20,82565,82566,82567,1111],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82568,82345],{},[57,82570,82572],{"className":59,"code":82571,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82573,82574,82584,82608,82630,82653],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82575,82576,82578,82580,82582],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82577,82404],{"class":137},[66,82579,110],{"class":102},[66,82581,3470],{"class":106},[66,82583,131],{"class":102},[66,82585,82586,82588,82590,82592,82594,82597,82599,82601,82603,82606],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82587,82404],{"class":137},[66,82589,110],{"class":102},[66,82591,3470],{"class":106},[66,82593,121],{"class":102},[66,82595,82596],{"class":76}," *",[66,82598,121],{"class":102},[66,82600,21343],{"class":8936},[66,82602,77],{"class":76},[66,82604,82605],{"class":106},"func",[66,82607,131],{"class":102},[66,82609,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,82611,82404],{"class":137},[66,82613,110],{"class":102},[66,82615,3470],{"class":106},[66,82617,121],{"class":102},[66,82619,82596],{"class":76},[66,82621,121],{"class":102},[66,82623,26288],{"class":8936},[66,82625,77],{"class":76},[66,82627,2208],{"class":106},[66,82629,131],{"class":102},[66,82631,82632,82634,82636,82639,82641,82644,82646,82648,82651],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,82633,82404],{"class":137},[66,82635,110],{"class":102},[66,82637,82638],{"class":106},"arg1",[66,82640,121],{"class":102},[66,82642,82643],{"class":106}," arg2",[66,82645,121],{"class":102},[66,82647,82596],{"class":76},[66,82649,82650],{"class":106},"args",[66,82652,131],{"class":102},[66,82654,82655,82657,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,82656,82404],{"class":137},[66,82658,110],{"class":102},[66,82660,82638],{"class":106},[66,82662,121],{"class":102},[66,82664,82643],{"class":106},[66,82666,121],{"class":102},[66,82668,82596],{"class":76},[66,82670,82650],{"class":106},[66,82672,121],{"class":102},[66,82674,21343],{"class":8936},[66,82676,77],{"class":76},[66,82678,82605],{"class":106},[66,82680,131],{"class":102},[20,82682,82683],{},"The most important parts are:",[33,82685,82686,82691,82696],{},[36,82687,82688,82690],{},[15,82689,3470],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[36,82692,82693,82695],{},[15,82694,14603],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[36,82697,82698,82701],{},[15,82699,82700],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[52,82703,8176,82705,82707],{"id":82704},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82706,82345],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82709,82710],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[57,82712,82714],{"className":59,"code":82713,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82715,82716,82742,82758,82762],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82717,82718,82720,82722,82724,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82740],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82719,4818],{"class":72},[66,82721,77],{"class":76},[66,82723,3370],{"class":102},[66,82725,82726],{"class":478},"72",[66,82728,121],{"class":102},[66,82730,51277],{"class":478},[66,82732,121],{"class":102},[66,82734,13268],{"class":478},[66,82736,121],{"class":102},[66,82738,82739],{"class":478}," 66",[66,82741,3383],{"class":102},[66,82743,82744,82747,82749,82752,82754,82756],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82745,82746],{"class":72},"highest_score ",[66,82748,77],{"class":76},[66,82750,82751],{"class":137}," max",[66,82753,110],{"class":102},[66,82755,16151],{"class":106},[66,82757,131],{"class":102},[66,82759,82760],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,82761,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,82763,82764,82766,82768,82771],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,82765,138],{"class":137},[66,82767,110],{"class":102},[66,82769,82770],{"class":106},"highest_score",[66,82772,131],{"class":102},[20,82774,148],{},[57,82776,82778],{"className":59,"code":82777,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"91\n",[15,82779,82780],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82781,82782],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82783,82777],{"class":478},[20,82785,82786],{},"This works well for:",[33,82788,82789,82792,82795,82798],{},[36,82790,82791],{},"Scores",[36,82793,82794],{},"Prices",[36,82796,82797],{},"Ages",[36,82799,82800],{},"Counts",[20,82802,51847],{},[57,82804,82806],{"className":59,"code":82805,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82807,82808,82836],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82809,82810,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82824,82826,82829,82831,82834],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82811,82812],{"class":72},"prices ",[66,82814,77],{"class":76},[66,82816,3370],{"class":102},[66,82818,40165],{"class":478},[66,82820,121],{"class":102},[66,82822,82823],{"class":478}," 5.50",[66,82825,121],{"class":102},[66,82827,82828],{"class":478}," 12.75",[66,82830,121],{"class":102},[66,82832,82833],{"class":478}," 29.00",[66,82835,3383],{"class":102},[66,82837,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82849],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82839,138],{"class":137},[66,82841,110],{"class":102},[66,82843,82404],{"class":137},[66,82845,110],{"class":102},[66,82847,82848],{"class":106},"prices",[66,82850,1330],{"class":102},[20,82852,148],{},[57,82854,82856],{"className":59,"code":82855,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"29.0\n",[15,82857,82858],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82859,82860],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82861,82855],{"class":478},[20,82863,82864,82865,82867,82868,103],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82866,82345],{}," is simpler than ",[200,82869,82870],{"href":74285},[15,82871,74188],{},[52,82873,8176,82875,82877],{"id":82874},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82876,82345],{}," with separate values",[20,82879,82880],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[57,82882,82884],{"className":59,"code":82883,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82885,82886],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82887,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82889,138],{"class":137},[66,82891,110],{"class":102},[66,82893,82404],{"class":137},[66,82895,110],{"class":102},[66,82897,2241],{"class":478},[66,82899,121],{"class":102},[66,82901,30710],{"class":478},[66,82903,121],{"class":102},[66,82905,5746],{"class":478},[66,82907,1330],{"class":102},[20,82909,148],{},[57,82911,82912],{"className":59,"code":1959,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,82913,82914],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82915,82916],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82917,1959],{"class":478},[20,82919,82920],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82922,82923],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[57,82925,82927],{"className":59,"code":82926,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82928,82929,82938,82946,82956,82960,82983],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82930,82931,82933,82935],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82932,2291],{"class":72},[66,82934,77],{"class":76},[66,82936,82937],{"class":478}," 15\n",[66,82939,82940,82942,82944],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,82941,2319],{"class":72},[66,82943,77],{"class":76},[66,82945,2506],{"class":478},[66,82947,82948,82951,82953],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,82949,82950],{"class":72},"c ",[66,82952,77],{"class":76},[66,82954,82955],{"class":478}," 27\n",[66,82957,82958],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,82959,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,82961,82962,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82979,82981],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,82963,82964],{"class":72},"largest ",[66,82966,77],{"class":76},[66,82968,82751],{"class":137},[66,82970,110],{"class":102},[66,82972,200],{"class":106},[66,82974,121],{"class":102},[66,82976,2296],{"class":106},[66,82978,121],{"class":102},[66,82980,9443],{"class":106},[66,82982,131],{"class":102},[66,82984,82985,82987,82989,82992],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,82986,138],{"class":137},[66,82988,110],{"class":102},[66,82990,82991],{"class":106},"largest",[66,82993,131],{"class":102},[20,82995,148],{},[57,82997,82998],{"className":59,"code":46379,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,82999,83000],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83001,83002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83003,46379],{"class":478},[20,83005,83006],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[52,83008,8176,83010,46826],{"id":83009},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83011,82345],{},[20,83013,83014,83016],{},[15,83015,82345],{}," can compare strings too.",[57,83018,83020],{"className":59,"code":83019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83021,83022,83054],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83023,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83025,3823],{"class":72},[66,83027,77],{"class":76},[66,83029,3370],{"class":102},[66,83031,113],{"class":80},[66,83033,3832],{"class":84},[66,83035,113],{"class":80},[66,83037,121],{"class":102},[66,83039,81],{"class":80},[66,83041,627],{"class":84},[66,83043,113],{"class":80},[66,83045,121],{"class":102},[66,83047,81],{"class":80},[66,83049,78508],{"class":84},[66,83051,113],{"class":80},[66,83053,3383],{"class":102},[66,83055,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83057,138],{"class":137},[66,83059,110],{"class":102},[66,83061,82404],{"class":137},[66,83063,110],{"class":102},[66,83065,3866],{"class":106},[66,83067,1330],{"class":102},[20,83069,148],{},[57,83071,83072],{"className":59,"code":82510,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83073,83074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83075,83076],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83077,82510],{"class":72},[20,83079,83080],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83082,68047],{},[33,83084,83085,83094,83097],{},[36,83086,83087,83090,83091,83093],{},[15,83088,83089],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83092,65038],{}," alphabetically",[36,83095,83096],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[36,83098,83099],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83101,923],{},[57,83103,83105],{"className":59,"code":83104,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83106,83107,83140],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83108,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121,83123,83125,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83110,3823],{"class":72},[66,83112,77],{"class":76},[66,83114,3370],{"class":102},[66,83116,113],{"class":80},[66,83118,3832],{"class":84},[66,83120,113],{"class":80},[66,83122,121],{"class":102},[66,83124,81],{"class":80},[66,83126,83127],{"class":84},"Banana",[66,83129,113],{"class":80},[66,83131,121],{"class":102},[66,83133,81],{"class":80},[66,83135,78508],{"class":84},[66,83137,113],{"class":80},[66,83139,3383],{"class":102},[66,83141,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83143,138],{"class":137},[66,83145,110],{"class":102},[66,83147,82404],{"class":137},[66,83149,110],{"class":102},[66,83151,3866],{"class":106},[66,83153,1330],{"class":102},[20,83155,83156],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83158,83159,83160,83162],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83161,14603],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[52,83164,36380,83165,36383],{"id":78466},[15,83166,14603],{},[20,83168,1711,83169,83171],{},[15,83170,14603],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83173,83174],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[258,83176,83178],{"id":83177},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[57,83180,83182],{"className":59,"code":83181,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83183,83184,83216],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83185,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83187,3823],{"class":72},[66,83189,77],{"class":76},[66,83191,3370],{"class":102},[66,83193,113],{"class":80},[66,83195,462],{"class":84},[66,83197,113],{"class":80},[66,83199,121],{"class":102},[66,83201,81],{"class":80},[66,83203,68090],{"class":84},[66,83205,113],{"class":80},[66,83207,121],{"class":102},[66,83209,81],{"class":80},[66,83211,471],{"class":84},[66,83213,113],{"class":80},[66,83215,3383],{"class":102},[66,83217,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83219,138],{"class":137},[66,83221,110],{"class":102},[66,83223,82404],{"class":137},[66,83225,110],{"class":102},[66,83227,3866],{"class":106},[66,83229,121],{"class":102},[66,83231,21343],{"class":8936},[66,83233,77],{"class":76},[66,83235,10924],{"class":137},[66,83237,1330],{"class":102},[20,83239,148],{},[57,83241,83243],{"className":59,"code":83242,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"elephant\n",[15,83244,83245],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83246,83247],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83248,83242],{"class":72},[20,83250,20534,83251,83254],{},[15,83252,83253],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83256,83257,83258,33397,83260,103],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83259,42127],{},[200,83261,83262,5537],{"href":42124},[15,83263,42127],{},[258,83265,83267],{"id":83266},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[57,83269,83271],{"className":59,"code":83270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83272,83273,83305],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83274,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83276,3823],{"class":72},[66,83278,77],{"class":76},[66,83280,3370],{"class":102},[66,83282,113],{"class":80},[66,83284,3832],{"class":84},[66,83286,113],{"class":80},[66,83288,121],{"class":102},[66,83290,81],{"class":80},[66,83292,83127],{"class":84},[66,83294,113],{"class":80},[66,83296,121],{"class":102},[66,83298,81],{"class":80},[66,83300,78508],{"class":84},[66,83302,113],{"class":80},[66,83304,3383],{"class":102},[66,83306,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83308,138],{"class":137},[66,83310,110],{"class":102},[66,83312,82404],{"class":137},[66,83314,110],{"class":102},[66,83316,3866],{"class":106},[66,83318,121],{"class":102},[66,83320,21343],{"class":8936},[66,83322,77],{"class":76},[66,83324,3188],{"class":2641},[66,83326,103],{"class":102},[66,83328,8399],{"class":24515},[66,83330,1330],{"class":102},[20,83332,148],{},[57,83334,83335],{"className":59,"code":82510,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83336,83337],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83338,83339],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83340,82510],{"class":72},[20,83342,20534,83343,83345],{},[15,83344,78462],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[258,83347,83349],{"id":83348},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83351,83352,83353,1111],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83354,37425],{},[57,83356,83358],{"className":59,"code":83357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83359,83360,83403],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83361,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83381,83383,83385,83387,83390,83392,83394,83396,83399,83401],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83363,7535],{"class":72},[66,83365,77],{"class":76},[66,83367,3370],{"class":102},[66,83369,113],{"class":80},[66,83371,200],{"class":84},[66,83373,113],{"class":80},[66,83375,121],{"class":102},[66,83377,81],{"class":80},[66,83379,83380],{"class":84},"bb",[66,83382,113],{"class":80},[66,83384,121],{"class":102},[66,83386,81],{"class":80},[66,83388,83389],{"class":84},"cccc",[66,83391,113],{"class":80},[66,83393,121],{"class":102},[66,83395,81],{"class":80},[66,83397,83398],{"class":84},"ddd",[66,83400,113],{"class":80},[66,83402,3383],{"class":102},[66,83404,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83406,138],{"class":137},[66,83408,110],{"class":102},[66,83410,82404],{"class":137},[66,83412,110],{"class":102},[66,83414,7566],{"class":106},[66,83416,121],{"class":102},[66,83418,21343],{"class":8936},[66,83420,77],{"class":76},[66,83422,37425],{"class":1797},[66,83424,99],{"class":37428},[66,83426,1111],{"class":102},[66,83428,38152],{"class":137},[66,83430,110],{"class":102},[66,83432,349],{"class":106},[66,83434,2652],{"class":102},[20,83436,148],{},[57,83438,83440],{"className":59,"code":83439,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cccc\n",[15,83441,83442],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83443,83444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83445,83439],{"class":72},[20,83447,49318,83448,798,83450,83452],{},[15,83449,83253],{},[15,83451,78349],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[52,83454,36380,83456,36383],{"id":83455},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83457,82700],{},[20,83459,1711,83460,83462],{},[15,83461,82700],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83464,83465],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[57,83467,83469],{"className":59,"code":83468,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83470,83471,83479],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83472,83473,83475,83477],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83474,3365],{"class":72},[66,83476,77],{"class":76},[66,83478,7595],{"class":102},[66,83480,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83482,138],{"class":137},[66,83484,110],{"class":102},[66,83486,82404],{"class":137},[66,83488,110],{"class":102},[66,83490,3397],{"class":106},[66,83492,121],{"class":102},[66,83494,26288],{"class":8936},[66,83496,77],{"class":76},[66,83498,1852],{"class":478},[66,83500,1330],{"class":102},[20,83502,148],{},[57,83504,83505],{"className":59,"code":47019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83506,83507],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83508,83509],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83510,47019],{"class":478},[20,83512,83513],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83515,83516,83517,83519],{},"Without ",[15,83518,82700],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83521,51847],{},[57,83523,83525],{"className":59,"code":83524,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83526,83527,83535,83562],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83528,83529,83531,83533],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83530,3823],{"class":72},[66,83532,77],{"class":76},[66,83534,7595],{"class":102},[66,83536,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83558,83560],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83538,447],{"class":72},[66,83540,77],{"class":76},[66,83542,82751],{"class":137},[66,83544,110],{"class":102},[66,83546,3866],{"class":106},[66,83548,121],{"class":102},[66,83550,26288],{"class":8936},[66,83552,77],{"class":76},[66,83554,113],{"class":80},[66,83556,83557],{"class":84},"no words found",[66,83559,113],{"class":80},[66,83561,131],{"class":102},[66,83563,83564,83566,83568,83570],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,83565,138],{"class":137},[66,83567,110],{"class":102},[66,83569,494],{"class":106},[66,83571,131],{"class":102},[20,83573,148],{},[57,83575,83577],{"className":59,"code":83576,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"no words found\n",[15,83578,83579],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83580,83581],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83582,83576],{"class":72},[20,83584,83585],{},"Important:",[33,83587,83588,83596],{},[36,83589,83590,83592,83593],{},[15,83591,82700],{}," works with ",[15,83594,83595],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[36,83597,40673,83598,83600,83601],{},[398,83599,4383],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83602,83603],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[52,83605,47754],{"id":47753},[20,83607,83608,83609,103],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83610,82345],{},[258,83612,83614,83616],{"id":83613},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83615,40471],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83618,83619,83620,45675,83622,103],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83621,82700],{},[15,83623,40471],{},[57,83625,83627],{"className":59,"code":83626,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83628,83629,83637],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83630,83631,83633,83635],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83632,3365],{"class":72},[66,83634,77],{"class":76},[66,83636,7595],{"class":102},[66,83638,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83640,138],{"class":137},[66,83642,110],{"class":102},[66,83644,82404],{"class":137},[66,83646,110],{"class":102},[66,83648,3397],{"class":106},[66,83650,1330],{"class":102},[20,83652,29447],{},[57,83654,83656],{"className":59,"code":83655,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83657,83658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83659,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83671,83673],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83661,40471],{"class":2641},[66,83663,1111],{"class":102},[66,83665,82751],{"class":137},[66,83667,7120],{"class":102},[66,83669,83670],{"class":72}," arg ",[66,83672,11956],{"class":76},[66,83674,83675],{"class":72}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83677,83678,83679,1111],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83680,82700],{},[57,83682,83684],{"className":59,"code":83683,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83685,83686,83694],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83687,83688,83690,83692],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83689,3365],{"class":72},[66,83691,77],{"class":76},[66,83693,7595],{"class":102},[66,83695,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83697,138],{"class":137},[66,83699,110],{"class":102},[66,83701,82404],{"class":137},[66,83703,110],{"class":102},[66,83705,3397],{"class":106},[66,83707,121],{"class":102},[66,83709,26288],{"class":8936},[66,83711,77],{"class":76},[66,83713,3528],{"class":3602},[66,83715,1330],{"class":102},[20,83717,83718,83719,103],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[200,83720,65603],{"href":72642},[258,83722,83724,83726],{"id":83723},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83725,2746],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83728,83729,83730,103],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83731,2746],{},[57,83733,83735],{"className":59,"code":83734,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83736,83737,83761],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83738,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83740,7535],{"class":72},[66,83742,77],{"class":76},[66,83744,3370],{"class":102},[66,83746,2064],{"class":478},[66,83748,121],{"class":102},[66,83750,81],{"class":80},[66,83752,15516],{"class":84},[66,83754,113],{"class":80},[66,83756,121],{"class":102},[66,83758,7551],{"class":478},[66,83760,3383],{"class":102},[66,83762,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83764,138],{"class":137},[66,83766,110],{"class":102},[66,83768,82404],{"class":137},[66,83770,110],{"class":102},[66,83772,7566],{"class":106},[66,83774,1330],{"class":102},[20,83776,83777],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83779,83780],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[57,83782,83784],{"className":59,"code":83783,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83785,83786,83806],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83787,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83789,7535],{"class":72},[66,83791,77],{"class":76},[66,83793,3370],{"class":102},[66,83795,2064],{"class":478},[66,83797,121],{"class":102},[66,83799,7546],{"class":478},[66,83801,121],{"class":102},[66,83803,7551],{"class":478},[66,83805,3383],{"class":102},[66,83807,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83809,138],{"class":137},[66,83811,110],{"class":102},[66,83813,82404],{"class":137},[66,83815,110],{"class":102},[66,83817,7566],{"class":106},[66,83819,1330],{"class":102},[20,83821,83822,83823,103],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[200,83824,83826],{"href":83825},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[258,83828,83830,83832],{"id":83829},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83831,2746],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83834,83835,83837],{},[15,83836,82345],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[57,83839,83841],{"className":59,"code":83840,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(max())\n",[15,83842,83843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83844,83845,83847,83849,83851],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83846,138],{"class":137},[66,83848,110],{"class":102},[66,83850,82404],{"class":137},[66,83852,6949],{"class":102},[20,83854,2743,83855,103],{},[15,83856,2746],{},[52,83858,83860,10348,83862],{"id":83859},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83861,82345],{},[15,83863,74188],{},[20,83865,83866],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83868,83869,1111],{},[15,83870,82345],{},[33,83872,83873],{},[36,83874,83875],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83877,83878,1111],{},[15,83879,74188],{},[33,83881,83882],{},[36,83883,83884],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83886,923],{},[57,83888,83890],{"className":59,"code":83889,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83891,83892,83916,83920,83934],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83893,83894,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83895,3365],{"class":72},[66,83897,77],{"class":76},[66,83899,3370],{"class":102},[66,83901,1794],{"class":478},[66,83903,121],{"class":102},[66,83905,6112],{"class":478},[66,83907,121],{"class":102},[66,83909,561],{"class":478},[66,83911,121],{"class":102},[66,83913,4357],{"class":478},[66,83915,3383],{"class":102},[66,83917,83918],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83919,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,83921,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,83923,138],{"class":137},[66,83925,110],{"class":102},[66,83927,82404],{"class":137},[66,83929,110],{"class":102},[66,83931,3397],{"class":106},[66,83933,1330],{"class":102},[66,83935,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,83937,138],{"class":137},[66,83939,110],{"class":102},[66,83941,74278],{"class":137},[66,83943,110],{"class":102},[66,83945,3397],{"class":106},[66,83947,1330],{"class":102},[20,83949,148],{},[57,83951,83953],{"className":59,"code":83952,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83954,83955,83959],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83956,83957],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83958,2115],{"class":478},[66,83960,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,83962,3652],{"class":102},[66,83964,1788],{"class":478},[66,83966,121],{"class":102},[66,83968,2186],{"class":478},[66,83970,121],{"class":102},[66,83972,4357],{"class":478},[66,83974,121],{"class":102},[66,83976,6112],{"class":478},[66,83978,3383],{"class":102},[20,83980,160,83981,83983],{},[15,83982,82345],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83985,160,83986,83990],{},[200,83987,83988],{"href":74285},[15,83989,74188],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83992,83993,83994,103],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[200,83995,83997],{"href":83996},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83998,83999],{},"min()",[52,84001,2568],{"id":2567},[20,84003,84004],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[33,84006,84007,84014,84017,84022,84025],{},[36,84008,29416,84009,84011,84012],{},[15,84010,82345],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84013,82700],{},[36,84015,84016],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[36,84018,1119,84019,84021],{},[15,84020,82345],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[36,84023,84024],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[36,84026,8176,84027,84029],{},[15,84028,82700],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84031,10875],{},[57,84033,84035],{"className":59,"code":84034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84036,84037,84047,84061,84075,84089,84111],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84038,84039,84041,84043,84045],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84040,138],{"class":137},[66,84042,110],{"class":102},[66,84044,7566],{"class":106},[66,84046,131],{"class":102},[66,84048,84049,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84050,138],{"class":137},[66,84052,110],{"class":102},[66,84054,2964],{"class":2641},[66,84056,110],{"class":102},[66,84058,7566],{"class":106},[66,84060,1330],{"class":102},[66,84062,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,84064,138],{"class":137},[66,84066,110],{"class":102},[66,84068,10924],{"class":137},[66,84070,110],{"class":102},[66,84072,7566],{"class":106},[66,84074,1330],{"class":102},[66,84076,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,84078,138],{"class":137},[66,84080,110],{"class":102},[66,84082,82404],{"class":137},[66,84084,110],{"class":102},[66,84086,7566],{"class":106},[66,84088,1330],{"class":102},[66,84090,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,84092,138],{"class":137},[66,84094,110],{"class":102},[66,84096,82404],{"class":137},[66,84098,110],{"class":102},[66,84100,7566],{"class":106},[66,84102,121],{"class":102},[66,84104,26288],{"class":8936},[66,84106,77],{"class":76},[66,84108,3528],{"class":3602},[66,84110,1330],{"class":102},[66,84112,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,84114,138],{"class":137},[66,84116,2726],{"class":102},[66,84118,2964],{"class":2641},[66,84120,110],{"class":102},[66,84122,960],{"class":106},[66,84124,3410],{"class":102},[66,84126,3628],{"class":3627},[66,84128,3631],{"class":106},[66,84130,3634],{"class":3627},[66,84132,5718],{"class":106},[66,84134,3640],{"class":102},[20,84136,84137],{},"These are useful for checking:",[33,84139,84140,84145,84150,84153],{},[36,84141,84142,84143],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84144,7566],{},[36,84146,79515,84147,84149],{},[15,84148,7566],{}," is a list or some other type",[36,84151,84152],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[36,84154,84155],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84157,69111,84158,84161,84162,84164],{},[15,84159,84160],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84163,7566],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[52,84166,1518],{"id":1517},[258,84168,4897,84170,4900],{"id":84169},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84171,82345],{},[20,84173,84174],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[258,84176,1573,84178,84180],{"id":84177},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84179,82345],{}," work with strings?",[20,84182,84183],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[258,84185,71410],{"id":71409},[20,84187,84188,52262,84190,84192,84193,84195],{},[15,84189,82345],{},[15,84191,40471],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84194,82700],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[258,84197,84199,84200,2228],{"id":84198},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84201,82345],{},[20,84203,160,84204,1111],{},[15,84205,83253],{},[57,84207,84208],{"className":59,"code":83181,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,84209,84210,84242],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84211,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84213,3823],{"class":72},[66,84215,77],{"class":76},[66,84217,3370],{"class":102},[66,84219,113],{"class":80},[66,84221,462],{"class":84},[66,84223,113],{"class":80},[66,84225,121],{"class":102},[66,84227,81],{"class":80},[66,84229,68090],{"class":84},[66,84231,113],{"class":80},[66,84233,121],{"class":102},[66,84235,81],{"class":80},[66,84237,471],{"class":84},[66,84239,113],{"class":80},[66,84241,3383],{"class":102},[66,84243,84244,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84245,138],{"class":137},[66,84247,110],{"class":102},[66,84249,82404],{"class":137},[66,84251,110],{"class":102},[66,84253,3866],{"class":106},[66,84255,121],{"class":102},[66,84257,21343],{"class":8936},[66,84259,77],{"class":76},[66,84261,10924],{"class":137},[66,84263,1330],{"class":102},[258,84265,4934,84267,798,84269,2228],{"id":84266},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84268,82345],{},[15,84270,74188],{},[20,84272,84273,84275,84276,84278],{},[15,84274,82345],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84277,74188],{}," returns all items in order.",[52,84280,1620],{"id":1619},[33,84282,84283,84289,84295,84301,84305,84309],{},[36,84284,84285],{},[200,84286,84287,3254],{"href":83996},[15,84288,83999],{},[36,84290,84291],{},[200,84292,84293,3254],{"href":74285},[15,84294,74188],{},[36,84296,84297],{},[200,84298,84299,3254],{"href":42124},[15,84300,42127],{},[36,84302,84303],{},[200,84304,58724],{"href":58723},[36,84306,84307],{},[200,84308,65603],{"href":72642},[36,84310,84311],{},[200,84312,83826],{"href":83825},[1651,84314,84315],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":84317},[84318,84319,84321,84322,84324,84326,84328,84333,84335,84343,84345,84346,84357],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":82535,"depth":91,"text":84320},"What max() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":82704,"depth":91,"text":84323},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82874,"depth":91,"text":84325},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83009,"depth":91,"text":84327},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78466,"depth":91,"text":79664,"children":84329},[84330,84331,84332],{"id":83177,"depth":134,"text":83178},{"id":83266,"depth":134,"text":83267},{"id":83348,"depth":134,"text":83349},{"id":83455,"depth":91,"text":84334},"Using the default argument",{"id":47753,"depth":91,"text":47754,"children":84336},[84337,84339,84341],{"id":83613,"depth":134,"text":84338},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83723,"depth":134,"text":84340},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83829,"depth":134,"text":84342},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83859,"depth":91,"text":84344},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":84347},[84348,84350,84352,84353,84355],{"id":84169,"depth":134,"text":84349},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84177,"depth":134,"text":84351},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71409,"depth":134,"text":71410},{"id":84198,"depth":134,"text":84354},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84266,"depth":134,"text":84356},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82337,"description":84358},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84365,"title":84366,"body":84367,"description":86321,"extension":1694,"meta":86322,"navigation":338,"path":86323,"seo":86324,"stem":86325,"__hash__":86326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84368,"toc":86278},[84369,84374,84379,84385,84387,84461,84463,84476,84481,84486,84502,84506,84511,84587,84593,84596,84639,84641,84649,84655,84658,84689,84691,84699,84705,84710,84769,84771,84780,84783,84793,84799,84804,84839,84841,84849,84855,84861,84866,84910,84912,84921,84924,84964,84966,84975,84978,84990,84995,85000,85051,85053,85062,85065,85116,85118,85127,85130,85137,85143,85148,85150,85165,85169,85229,85231,85240,85244,85416,85418,85455,85462,85468,85471,85498,85500,85521,85526,85561,85563,85571,85574,85577,85593,85598,85600,85604,85610,85614,85641,85644,85654,85694,85698,85701,85744,85746,85755,85758,85763,85832,85834,85842,85847,85851,85854,85905,85907,85915,85918,85981,85983,85991,85994,85999,86003,86016,86023,86031,86033,86035,86065,86071,86172,86182,86184,86189,86192,86197,86200,86202,86210,86218,86226,86233,86241,86243,86275],[10,84370,3321,84372,3325],{"id":84371},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84373,83999],{},[20,84375,84376,84378],{},[15,84377,83999],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84380,84381,84382,84384],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84383,83999],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[52,84386,55],{"id":54},[57,84388,84390],{"className":59,"code":84389,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84391,84392,84416,84431,84435],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84393,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84395,3365],{"class":72},[66,84397,77],{"class":76},[66,84399,3370],{"class":102},[66,84401,1869],{"class":478},[66,84403,121],{"class":102},[66,84405,561],{"class":478},[66,84407,121],{"class":102},[66,84409,53904],{"class":478},[66,84411,121],{"class":102},[66,84413,479],{"class":478},[66,84415,3383],{"class":102},[66,84417,84418,84420,84422,84425,84427,84429],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84419,138],{"class":137},[66,84421,110],{"class":102},[66,84423,84424],{"class":137},"min",[66,84426,110],{"class":102},[66,84428,3397],{"class":106},[66,84430,1330],{"class":102},[66,84432,84433],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,84434,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,84436,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,84438,138],{"class":137},[66,84440,110],{"class":102},[66,84442,84424],{"class":137},[66,84444,110],{"class":102},[66,84446,1869],{"class":478},[66,84448,121],{"class":102},[66,84450,561],{"class":478},[66,84452,121],{"class":102},[66,84454,53904],{"class":478},[66,84456,121],{"class":102},[66,84458,479],{"class":478},[66,84460,1330],{"class":102},[20,84462,148],{},[57,84464,84466],{"className":59,"code":84465,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n1\n",[15,84467,84468,84472],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84469,84470],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84471,46684],{"class":478},[66,84473,84474],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84475,46684],{"class":478},[20,84477,160,84478,84480],{},[15,84479,83999],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[52,84482,168,84484,41],{"id":84483},"what-min-does",[15,84485,83999],{},[33,84487,84488,84493,84496,84499],{},[36,84489,84490,84492],{},[15,84491,83999],{}," returns the smallest item",[36,84494,84495],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[36,84497,84498],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[36,84500,84501],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[52,84503,84505],{"id":84504},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84507,84508,84509,1111],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84510,83999],{},[57,84512,84514],{"className":59,"code":84513,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84515,84516,84526,84551,84569],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84517,84518,84520,84522,84524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84519,84424],{"class":137},[66,84521,110],{"class":102},[66,84523,3470],{"class":106},[66,84525,131],{"class":102},[66,84527,84528,84530,84532,84535,84537,84540,84542,84545,84547,84549],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84529,84424],{"class":137},[66,84531,110],{"class":102},[66,84533,84534],{"class":106},"value1",[66,84536,121],{"class":102},[66,84538,84539],{"class":106}," value2",[66,84541,121],{"class":102},[66,84543,84544],{"class":106}," value3",[66,84546,121],{"class":102},[66,84548,34222],{"class":137},[66,84550,131],{"class":102},[66,84552,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,84554,84424],{"class":137},[66,84556,110],{"class":102},[66,84558,3470],{"class":106},[66,84560,121],{"class":102},[66,84562,21343],{"class":8936},[66,84564,77],{"class":76},[66,84566,37136],{"class":137},[66,84568,131],{"class":102},[66,84570,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,84572,84424],{"class":137},[66,84574,110],{"class":102},[66,84576,3470],{"class":106},[66,84578,121],{"class":102},[66,84580,26288],{"class":8936},[66,84582,77],{"class":76},[66,84584,37136],{"class":137},[66,84586,131],{"class":102},[258,84588,84590],{"id":84589},"miniterable",[15,84591,84592],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84594,84595],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[57,84597,84599],{"className":59,"code":84598,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84600,84601,84625],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84602,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84604,3365],{"class":72},[66,84606,77],{"class":76},[66,84608,3370],{"class":102},[66,84610,2079],{"class":478},[66,84612,121],{"class":102},[66,84614,2186],{"class":478},[66,84616,121],{"class":102},[66,84618,30710],{"class":478},[66,84620,121],{"class":102},[66,84622,479],{"class":478},[66,84624,3383],{"class":102},[66,84626,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84628,138],{"class":137},[66,84630,110],{"class":102},[66,84632,84424],{"class":137},[66,84634,110],{"class":102},[66,84636,3397],{"class":106},[66,84638,1330],{"class":102},[20,84640,148],{},[57,84642,84643],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,84644,84645],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84646,84647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84648,46684],{"class":478},[258,84650,84652],{"id":84651},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84653,84654],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84656,84657],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[57,84659,84661],{"className":59,"code":84660,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84662,84663],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84664,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84666,138],{"class":137},[66,84668,110],{"class":102},[66,84670,84424],{"class":137},[66,84672,110],{"class":102},[66,84674,2079],{"class":478},[66,84676,121],{"class":102},[66,84678,2186],{"class":478},[66,84680,121],{"class":102},[66,84682,30710],{"class":478},[66,84684,121],{"class":102},[66,84686,479],{"class":478},[66,84688,1330],{"class":102},[20,84690,148],{},[57,84692,84693],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,84694,84695],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84696,84697],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84698,46684],{"class":478},[258,84700,84702],{"id":84701},"miniterable-key",[15,84703,84704],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84706,160,84707,84709],{},[15,84708,14603],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[57,84711,84713],{"className":59,"code":84712,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84714,84715,84747],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84716,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84718,3823],{"class":72},[66,84720,77],{"class":76},[66,84722,3370],{"class":102},[66,84724,113],{"class":80},[66,84726,78508],{"class":84},[66,84728,113],{"class":80},[66,84730,121],{"class":102},[66,84732,81],{"class":80},[66,84734,38107],{"class":84},[66,84736,113],{"class":80},[66,84738,121],{"class":102},[66,84740,81],{"class":80},[66,84742,627],{"class":84},[66,84744,113],{"class":80},[66,84746,3383],{"class":102},[66,84748,84749,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84750,138],{"class":137},[66,84752,110],{"class":102},[66,84754,84424],{"class":137},[66,84756,110],{"class":102},[66,84758,3866],{"class":106},[66,84760,121],{"class":102},[66,84762,21343],{"class":8936},[66,84764,77],{"class":76},[66,84766,10924],{"class":137},[66,84768,1330],{"class":102},[20,84770,148],{},[57,84772,84774],{"className":59,"code":84773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"kiwi\n",[15,84775,84776],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84777,84778],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84779,84773],{"class":72},[20,84781,84782],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84784,84785,84786,84788,84789,103],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84787,42127],{},", see the ",[200,84790,84791,3254],{"href":42124},[15,84792,42127],{},[258,84794,84796],{"id":84795},"miniterable-default",[15,84797,84798],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84800,160,84801,84803],{},[15,84802,82700],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[57,84805,84807],{"className":59,"code":84806,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84808,84809,84817],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84810,84811,84813,84815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84812,3365],{"class":72},[66,84814,77],{"class":76},[66,84816,7595],{"class":102},[66,84818,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84820,138],{"class":137},[66,84822,110],{"class":102},[66,84824,84424],{"class":137},[66,84826,110],{"class":102},[66,84828,3397],{"class":106},[66,84830,121],{"class":102},[66,84832,26288],{"class":8936},[66,84834,77],{"class":76},[66,84836,1852],{"class":478},[66,84838,1330],{"class":102},[20,84840,148],{},[57,84842,84843],{"className":59,"code":47019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,84844,84845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84846,84847],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84848,47019],{"class":478},[20,84850,84851,84852,84854],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84853,40471],{}," when there is no item to return.",[52,84856,8176,84858,84860],{"id":84857},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84859,83999],{}," with numbers",[20,84862,84863,84865],{},[15,84864,83999],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[57,84867,84869],{"className":59,"code":84868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84870,84871,84896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84872,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84874,4818],{"class":72},[66,84876,77],{"class":76},[66,84878,3370],{"class":102},[66,84880,51272],{"class":478},[66,84882,121],{"class":102},[66,84884,84885],{"class":478}," 72",[66,84887,121],{"class":102},[66,84889,28672],{"class":478},[66,84891,121],{"class":102},[66,84893,75864],{"class":478},[66,84895,3383],{"class":102},[66,84897,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84899,138],{"class":137},[66,84901,110],{"class":102},[66,84903,84424],{"class":137},[66,84905,110],{"class":102},[66,84907,16151],{"class":106},[66,84909,1330],{"class":102},[20,84911,148],{},[57,84913,84915],{"className":59,"code":84914,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"60\n",[15,84916,84917],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84918,84919],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84920,84914],{"class":478},[20,84922,84923],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[57,84925,84927],{"className":59,"code":84926,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84928,84929,84950],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84930,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84944,84946,84948],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84932,82812],{"class":72},[66,84934,77],{"class":76},[66,84936,3370],{"class":102},[66,84938,40165],{"class":478},[66,84940,121],{"class":102},[66,84942,84943],{"class":478}," 5.49",[66,84945,121],{"class":102},[66,84947,82828],{"class":478},[66,84949,3383],{"class":102},[66,84951,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,84953,138],{"class":137},[66,84955,110],{"class":102},[66,84957,84424],{"class":137},[66,84959,110],{"class":102},[66,84961,82848],{"class":106},[66,84963,1330],{"class":102},[20,84965,148],{},[57,84967,84969],{"className":59,"code":84968,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.49\n",[15,84970,84971],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84972,84973],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84974,84968],{"class":478},[20,84976,84977],{},"This is useful for things like:",[33,84979,84980,84982,84984,84987],{},[36,84981,16151],{},[36,84983,82848],{},[36,84985,84986],{},"measurements",[36,84988,84989],{},"ages",[52,84991,8176,84993,46826],{"id":84992},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84994,83999],{},[20,84996,84997,84999],{},[15,84998,83999],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[57,85001,85003],{"className":59,"code":85002,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85004,85005,85037],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85006,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85008,3823],{"class":72},[66,85010,77],{"class":76},[66,85012,3370],{"class":102},[66,85014,113],{"class":80},[66,85016,627],{"class":84},[66,85018,113],{"class":80},[66,85020,121],{"class":102},[66,85022,81],{"class":80},[66,85024,3832],{"class":84},[66,85026,113],{"class":80},[66,85028,121],{"class":102},[66,85030,81],{"class":80},[66,85032,3849],{"class":84},[66,85034,113],{"class":80},[66,85036,3383],{"class":102},[66,85038,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85040,138],{"class":137},[66,85042,110],{"class":102},[66,85044,84424],{"class":137},[66,85046,110],{"class":102},[66,85048,3866],{"class":106},[66,85050,1330],{"class":102},[20,85052,148],{},[57,85054,85056],{"className":59,"code":85055,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"apple\n",[15,85057,85058],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85059,85060],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85061,85055],{"class":72},[20,85063,85064],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[57,85066,85068],{"className":59,"code":85067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85069,85070,85102],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85071,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85073,3823],{"class":72},[66,85075,77],{"class":76},[66,85077,3370],{"class":102},[66,85079,113],{"class":80},[66,85081,627],{"class":84},[66,85083,113],{"class":80},[66,85085,121],{"class":102},[66,85087,81],{"class":80},[66,85089,57537],{"class":84},[66,85091,113],{"class":80},[66,85093,121],{"class":102},[66,85095,81],{"class":80},[66,85097,3849],{"class":84},[66,85099,113],{"class":80},[66,85101,3383],{"class":102},[66,85103,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85105,138],{"class":137},[66,85107,110],{"class":102},[66,85109,84424],{"class":137},[66,85111,110],{"class":102},[66,85113,3866],{"class":106},[66,85115,1330],{"class":102},[20,85117,148],{},[57,85119,85121],{"className":59,"code":85120,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Apple\n",[15,85122,85123],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85124,85125],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85126,85120],{"class":72},[20,85128,85129],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85131,85132,85133,103],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[200,85134,85135,5537],{"href":74285},[15,85136,74188],{},[52,85138,8176,85140,85142],{"id":85139},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85141,83999],{}," with a key function",[20,85144,1711,85145,85147],{},[15,85146,14603],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85149,11221],{},[33,85151,85152,85157,85162],{},[36,85153,85154,85156],{},[15,85155,14603],{}," changes the comparison rule",[36,85158,85159,85161],{},[15,85160,83999],{}," still returns the original item",[36,85163,85164],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[258,85166,85168],{"id":85167},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[57,85170,85172],{"className":59,"code":85171,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85173,85174,85207],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85175,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85203,85205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85177,3823],{"class":72},[66,85179,77],{"class":76},[66,85181,3370],{"class":102},[66,85183,113],{"class":80},[66,85185,68090],{"class":84},[66,85187,113],{"class":80},[66,85189,121],{"class":102},[66,85191,81],{"class":80},[66,85193,462],{"class":84},[66,85195,113],{"class":80},[66,85197,121],{"class":102},[66,85199,81],{"class":80},[66,85201,85202],{"class":84},"giraffe",[66,85204,113],{"class":80},[66,85206,3383],{"class":102},[66,85208,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85210,138],{"class":137},[66,85212,110],{"class":102},[66,85214,84424],{"class":137},[66,85216,110],{"class":102},[66,85218,3866],{"class":106},[66,85220,121],{"class":102},[66,85222,21343],{"class":8936},[66,85224,77],{"class":76},[66,85226,10924],{"class":137},[66,85228,1330],{"class":102},[20,85230,148],{},[57,85232,85234],{"className":59,"code":85233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cat\n",[15,85235,85236],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85237,85238],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85239,85233],{"class":72},[258,85241,85243],{"id":85242},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[57,85245,85247],{"className":59,"code":85246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85248,85249,85259,85294,85326,85358,85362,85366,85405],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85250,85251,85254,85256],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85252,85253],{"class":72},"students ",[66,85255,77],{"class":76},[66,85257,85258],{"class":102}," [\n",[66,85260,85261,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85285,85287,85289,85291],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85262,85263],{"class":102},"    {",[66,85265,113],{"class":80},[66,85267,7423],{"class":84},[66,85269,113],{"class":80},[66,85271,1111],{"class":102},[66,85273,81],{"class":80},[66,85275,12643],{"class":84},[66,85277,113],{"class":80},[66,85279,121],{"class":102},[66,85281,81],{"class":80},[66,85283,85284],{"class":84},"score",[66,85286,113],{"class":80},[66,85288,1111],{"class":102},[66,85290,13268],{"class":478},[66,85292,85293],{"class":102},"},\n",[66,85295,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,85297,85263],{"class":102},[66,85299,113],{"class":80},[66,85301,7423],{"class":84},[66,85303,113],{"class":80},[66,85305,1111],{"class":102},[66,85307,81],{"class":80},[66,85309,35707],{"class":84},[66,85311,113],{"class":80},[66,85313,121],{"class":102},[66,85315,81],{"class":80},[66,85317,85284],{"class":84},[66,85319,113],{"class":80},[66,85321,1111],{"class":102},[66,85323,84885],{"class":478},[66,85325,85293],{"class":102},[66,85327,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,85329,85263],{"class":102},[66,85331,113],{"class":80},[66,85333,7423],{"class":84},[66,85335,113],{"class":80},[66,85337,1111],{"class":102},[66,85339,81],{"class":80},[66,85341,35716],{"class":84},[66,85343,113],{"class":80},[66,85345,121],{"class":102},[66,85347,81],{"class":80},[66,85349,85284],{"class":84},[66,85351,113],{"class":80},[66,85353,1111],{"class":102},[66,85355,19661],{"class":478},[66,85357,9070],{"class":102},[66,85359,85360],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,85361,3383],{"class":102},[66,85363,85364],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,85365,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,85367,85368,85371,85373,85376,85378,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,85369,85370],{"class":72},"lowest ",[66,85372,77],{"class":76},[66,85374,85375],{"class":137}," min",[66,85377,110],{"class":102},[66,85379,85380],{"class":106},"students",[66,85382,121],{"class":102},[66,85384,21343],{"class":8936},[66,85386,77],{"class":76},[66,85388,37425],{"class":1797},[66,85390,12669],{"class":37428},[66,85392,1111],{"class":102},[66,85394,12669],{"class":106},[66,85396,3652],{"class":102},[66,85398,113],{"class":80},[66,85400,85284],{"class":84},[66,85402,113],{"class":80},[66,85404,3640],{"class":102},[66,85406,85407,85409,85411,85414],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,85408,138],{"class":137},[66,85410,110],{"class":102},[66,85412,85413],{"class":106},"lowest",[66,85415,131],{"class":102},[20,85417,148],{},[57,85419,85421],{"className":59,"code":85420,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85422,85423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85424,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85426,9039],{"class":102},[66,85428,3044],{"class":80},[66,85430,7423],{"class":84},[66,85432,3044],{"class":80},[66,85434,1111],{"class":102},[66,85436,3039],{"class":80},[66,85438,35707],{"class":84},[66,85440,3044],{"class":80},[66,85442,121],{"class":102},[66,85444,3039],{"class":80},[66,85446,85284],{"class":84},[66,85448,3044],{"class":80},[66,85450,1111],{"class":102},[66,85452,84885],{"class":478},[66,85454,9070],{"class":102},[20,85456,85457,85458,85461],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85459,85460],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[52,85463,8176,85465,85467],{"id":85464},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85466,82700],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85469,85470],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[57,85472,85474],{"className":59,"code":85473,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85475,85476,85484],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85477,85478,85480,85482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85479,3365],{"class":72},[66,85481,77],{"class":76},[66,85483,7595],{"class":102},[66,85485,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85487,138],{"class":137},[66,85489,110],{"class":102},[66,85491,84424],{"class":137},[66,85493,110],{"class":102},[66,85495,3397],{"class":106},[66,85497,1330],{"class":102},[20,85499,148],{},[57,85501,85503],{"className":59,"code":85502,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85504,85505],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85506,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85508,40471],{"class":2641},[66,85510,1111],{"class":102},[66,85512,85375],{"class":137},[66,85514,7120],{"class":102},[66,85516,83670],{"class":72},[66,85518,11956],{"class":76},[66,85520,83675],{"class":72},[20,85522,85523,85524,1111],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85525,82700],{},[57,85527,85529],{"className":59,"code":85528,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85530,85531,85539],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85532,85533,85535,85537],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85534,3365],{"class":72},[66,85536,77],{"class":76},[66,85538,7595],{"class":102},[66,85540,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85542,138],{"class":137},[66,85544,110],{"class":102},[66,85546,84424],{"class":137},[66,85548,110],{"class":102},[66,85550,3397],{"class":106},[66,85552,121],{"class":102},[66,85554,26288],{"class":8936},[66,85556,77],{"class":76},[66,85558,3528],{"class":3602},[66,85560,1330],{"class":102},[20,85562,148],{},[57,85564,85565],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,85566,85567],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85568,85569],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85570,11570],{"class":3602},[20,85572,85573],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85575,85576],{},"Remember:",[33,85578,85579,85587],{},[36,85580,85581,85583,85584,85586],{},[15,85582,82700],{}," works only when ",[15,85585,83999],{}," gets one iterable argument",[36,85588,85589,85590],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85591,85592],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85594,85595,85596,103],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[200,85597,65603],{"href":72642},[52,85599,10507],{"id":10506},[20,85601,56544,85602,103],{},[15,85603,83999],{},[258,85605,85607,85608],{"id":85606},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85609,82700],{},[20,85611,2743,85612,1111],{},[15,85613,40471],{},[57,85615,85617],{"className":59,"code":85616,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85618,85619,85627],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85620,85621,85623,85625],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85622,7535],{"class":72},[66,85624,77],{"class":76},[66,85626,7595],{"class":102},[66,85628,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85630,138],{"class":137},[66,85632,110],{"class":102},[66,85634,84424],{"class":137},[66,85636,110],{"class":102},[66,85638,7566],{"class":106},[66,85640,1330],{"class":102},[20,85642,85643],{},"Fix it by:",[33,85645,85646,85649],{},[36,85647,85648],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[36,85650,85651,85652],{},"or using ",[15,85653,82700],{},[57,85655,85657],{"className":59,"code":85656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85658,85659,85667],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85660,85661,85663,85665],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85662,7535],{"class":72},[66,85664,77],{"class":76},[66,85666,7595],{"class":102},[66,85668,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85690,85692],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85670,138],{"class":137},[66,85672,110],{"class":102},[66,85674,84424],{"class":137},[66,85676,110],{"class":102},[66,85678,7566],{"class":106},[66,85680,121],{"class":102},[66,85682,26288],{"class":8936},[66,85684,77],{"class":76},[66,85686,113],{"class":80},[66,85688,85689],{"class":84},"no items",[66,85691,113],{"class":80},[66,85693,1330],{"class":102},[258,85695,85697],{"id":85696},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85699,85700],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[57,85702,85704],{"className":59,"code":85703,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85705,85706,85730],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85707,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85709,8926],{"class":72},[66,85711,77],{"class":76},[66,85713,3370],{"class":102},[66,85715,2064],{"class":478},[66,85717,121],{"class":102},[66,85719,81],{"class":80},[66,85721,15516],{"class":84},[66,85723,113],{"class":80},[66,85725,121],{"class":102},[66,85727,4357],{"class":478},[66,85729,3383],{"class":102},[66,85731,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85733,138],{"class":137},[66,85735,110],{"class":102},[66,85737,84424],{"class":137},[66,85739,110],{"class":102},[66,85741,8965],{"class":106},[66,85743,1330],{"class":102},[20,85745,148],{},[57,85747,85749],{"className":59,"code":85748,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError\n",[15,85750,85751],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85752,85753],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85754,85748],{"class":2641},[20,85756,85757],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85759,85760,85761,103],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85762,83999],{},[57,85764,85766],{"className":59,"code":85765,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85767,85768,85792,85818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85769,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85771,8926],{"class":72},[66,85773,77],{"class":76},[66,85775,3370],{"class":102},[66,85777,2064],{"class":478},[66,85779,121],{"class":102},[66,85781,81],{"class":80},[66,85783,15516],{"class":84},[66,85785,113],{"class":80},[66,85787,121],{"class":102},[66,85789,4357],{"class":478},[66,85791,3383],{"class":102},[66,85793,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85795,3365],{"class":72},[66,85797,77],{"class":76},[66,85799,3370],{"class":102},[66,85801,1922],{"class":2641},[66,85803,110],{"class":102},[66,85805,960],{"class":106},[66,85807,3410],{"class":102},[66,85809,3628],{"class":3627},[66,85811,3631],{"class":72},[66,85813,3634],{"class":3627},[66,85815,14328],{"class":72},[66,85817,3383],{"class":102},[66,85819,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,85821,138],{"class":137},[66,85823,110],{"class":102},[66,85825,84424],{"class":137},[66,85827,110],{"class":102},[66,85829,3397],{"class":106},[66,85831,1330],{"class":102},[20,85833,148],{},[57,85835,85836],{"className":59,"code":2687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,85837,85838],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85839,85840],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85841,2687],{"class":478},[20,85843,85844,85845,103],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85846,2746],{},[258,85848,85850],{"id":85849},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85852,85853],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[57,85855,85857],{"className":59,"code":85856,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85858,85859,85891],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85860,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85862,3823],{"class":72},[66,85864,77],{"class":76},[66,85866,3370],{"class":102},[66,85868,113],{"class":80},[66,85870,79324],{"class":84},[66,85872,113],{"class":80},[66,85874,121],{"class":102},[66,85876,81],{"class":80},[66,85878,57537],{"class":84},[66,85880,113],{"class":80},[66,85882,121],{"class":102},[66,85884,81],{"class":80},[66,85886,79341],{"class":84},[66,85888,113],{"class":80},[66,85890,3383],{"class":102},[66,85892,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85894,138],{"class":137},[66,85896,110],{"class":102},[66,85898,84424],{"class":137},[66,85900,110],{"class":102},[66,85902,3866],{"class":106},[66,85904,1330],{"class":102},[20,85906,148],{},[57,85908,85909],{"className":59,"code":85120,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,85910,85911],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85912,85913],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85914,85120],{"class":72},[20,85916,85917],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[57,85919,85921],{"className":59,"code":85920,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85922,85923,85955],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85924,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85926,3823],{"class":72},[66,85928,77],{"class":76},[66,85930,3370],{"class":102},[66,85932,113],{"class":80},[66,85934,79324],{"class":84},[66,85936,113],{"class":80},[66,85938,121],{"class":102},[66,85940,81],{"class":80},[66,85942,57537],{"class":84},[66,85944,113],{"class":80},[66,85946,121],{"class":102},[66,85948,81],{"class":80},[66,85950,79341],{"class":84},[66,85952,113],{"class":80},[66,85954,3383],{"class":102},[66,85956,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,85958,138],{"class":137},[66,85960,110],{"class":102},[66,85962,84424],{"class":137},[66,85964,110],{"class":102},[66,85966,3866],{"class":106},[66,85968,121],{"class":102},[66,85970,21343],{"class":8936},[66,85972,77],{"class":76},[66,85974,3188],{"class":2641},[66,85976,103],{"class":102},[66,85978,8399],{"class":24515},[66,85980,1330],{"class":102},[20,85982,148],{},[57,85984,85985],{"className":59,"code":85120,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,85986,85987],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85988,85989],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85990,85120],{"class":72},[20,85992,85993],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[52,85995,4715,85997],{"id":85996},"when-to-use-min",[15,85998,83999],{},[20,86000,160,86001,10364],{},[15,86002,83999],{},[33,86004,86005,86008,86013],{},[36,86006,86007],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[36,86009,86010,86011],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86012,14603],{},[36,86014,86015],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86017,160,86018,86022],{},[200,86019,86020],{"href":74285},[15,86021,74188],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86024,160,86025,86030],{},[200,86026,86028],{"href":86027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86029,82345],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[52,86032,2568],{"id":2567},[20,86034,84004],{},[33,86036,86037,86045,86048,86053,86060],{},[36,86038,86039,86040,86042,86043],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86041,83999],{}," without using ",[15,86044,82700],{},[36,86046,86047],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[36,86049,1119,86050,86052],{},[15,86051,83999],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[36,86054,4457,86055,86057,86058,85161],{},[15,86056,14603],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86059,83999],{},[36,86061,8176,86062,86064],{},[15,86063,82700],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86066,86067,86068,86070],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86069,83999],{},", these quick checks can help:",[57,86072,86074],{"className":59,"code":86073,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86075,86076,86090,86100,86114,86128,86150],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86077,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86079,138],{"class":137},[66,86081,110],{"class":102},[66,86083,2964],{"class":2641},[66,86085,110],{"class":102},[66,86087,8965],{"class":106},[66,86089,1330],{"class":102},[66,86091,86092,86094,86096,86098],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,86093,138],{"class":137},[66,86095,110],{"class":102},[66,86097,8965],{"class":106},[66,86099,131],{"class":102},[66,86101,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,86103,138],{"class":137},[66,86105,110],{"class":102},[66,86107,10924],{"class":137},[66,86109,110],{"class":102},[66,86111,8965],{"class":106},[66,86113,1330],{"class":102},[66,86115,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,86117,138],{"class":137},[66,86119,110],{"class":102},[66,86121,84424],{"class":137},[66,86123,110],{"class":102},[66,86125,8965],{"class":106},[66,86127,1330],{"class":102},[66,86129,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,86131,138],{"class":137},[66,86133,110],{"class":102},[66,86135,84424],{"class":137},[66,86137,110],{"class":102},[66,86139,8965],{"class":106},[66,86141,121],{"class":102},[66,86143,26288],{"class":8936},[66,86145,77],{"class":76},[66,86147,3528],{"class":3602},[66,86149,1330],{"class":102},[66,86151,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,86153,138],{"class":137},[66,86155,110],{"class":102},[66,86157,84424],{"class":137},[66,86159,110],{"class":102},[66,86161,3866],{"class":106},[66,86163,121],{"class":102},[66,86165,21343],{"class":8936},[66,86167,77],{"class":76},[66,86169,10924],{"class":137},[66,86171,1330],{"class":102},[20,86173,86174,86175,86178,86179,86181],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86176,86177],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86180,8965],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[52,86183,1518],{"id":1517},[258,86185,4897,86187,4900],{"id":86186},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86188,83999],{},[20,86190,86191],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[258,86193,1573,86195,84180],{"id":86194},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86196,83999],{},[20,86198,86199],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[258,86201,71410],{"id":71409},[20,86203,86204,52262,86206,84192,86208,420],{},[15,86205,83999],{},[15,86207,40471],{},[15,86209,82700],{},[258,86211,4897,86213,86215,86216,2228],{"id":86212},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86214,14603],{}," do in ",[15,86217,83999],{},[20,86219,86220,86222,86223,86225],{},[15,86221,14603],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86224,83253],{}," compares strings by length.",[258,86227,4934,86229,798,86231,2228],{"id":86228},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86230,83999],{},[15,86232,74188],{},[20,86234,86235,86237,86238,86240],{},[15,86236,83999],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86239,74188],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[52,86242,1620],{"id":1619},[33,86244,86245,86251,86257,86263,86267,86271],{},[36,86246,86247],{},[200,86248,86249,3254],{"href":86027},[15,86250,82345],{},[36,86252,86253],{},[200,86254,86255,3254],{"href":74285},[15,86256,74188],{},[36,86258,86259],{},[200,86260,86261,3254],{"href":42124},[15,86262,42127],{},[36,86264,86265],{},[200,86266,79637],{"href":78140},[36,86268,86269],{},[200,86270,58724],{"href":58723},[36,86272,86273],{},[200,86274,65603],{"href":72642},[1651,86276,86277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":86279},[86280,86281,86283,86289,86291,86293,86298,86300,86306,86308,86309,86320],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":84483,"depth":91,"text":86282},"What min() does",{"id":84504,"depth":91,"text":84505,"children":86284},[86285,86286,86287,86288],{"id":84589,"depth":134,"text":84592},{"id":84651,"depth":134,"text":84654},{"id":84701,"depth":134,"text":84704},{"id":84795,"depth":134,"text":84798},{"id":84857,"depth":91,"text":86290},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84992,"depth":91,"text":86292},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85139,"depth":91,"text":86294,"children":86295},"Using min() with a key function",[86296,86297],{"id":85167,"depth":134,"text":85168},{"id":85242,"depth":134,"text":85243},{"id":85464,"depth":91,"text":86299},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10506,"depth":91,"text":10507,"children":86301},[86302,86304,86305],{"id":85606,"depth":134,"text":86303},"Empty list without default",{"id":85696,"depth":134,"text":85697},{"id":85849,"depth":134,"text":85850},{"id":85996,"depth":91,"text":86307},"When to use min()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":86310},[86311,86313,86315,86316,86318],{"id":86186,"depth":134,"text":86312},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86194,"depth":134,"text":86314},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71409,"depth":134,"text":71410},{"id":86212,"depth":134,"text":86317},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86228,"depth":134,"text":86319},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84366,"description":86321},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86328,"title":86329,"body":86330,"description":88509,"extension":1694,"meta":88510,"navigation":338,"path":88511,"seo":88512,"stem":88513,"__hash__":88514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86331,"toc":88473},[86332,86335,86341,86347,86349,86430,86439,86443,86448,86450,86495,86497,86577,86583,86585,86588,86620,86622,86640,86642,86715,86717,86736,86740,86743,86779,86781,86848,86922,86995,87000,87004,87010,87013,87030,87033,87035,87096,87098,87118,87124,87128,87131,87201,87204,87223,87228,87304,87307,87311,87317,87321,87326,87396,87400,87405,87479,87483,87486,87561,87572,87576,87581,87671,87676,87744,87747,87766,87777,87781,87784,87789,87792,87854,87857,87868,87873,87876,87879,87884,87887,87890,87894,87897,87903,87906,87917,87919,87981,87996,88002,88005,88008,88019,88030,88036,88039,88041,88103,88113,88119,88124,88130,88134,88140,88143,88164,88166,88171,88198,88201,88228,88231,88270,88273,88311,88314,88375,88378,88380,88384,88387,88391,88397,88405,88413,88417,88420,88424,88430,88432,88470],[10,86333,86329],{"id":86334},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86336,86337,86340],{},[15,86338,86339],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86342,86343,86344,86346],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86345,86339],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[52,86348,55],{"id":54},[57,86350,86352],{"className":59,"code":86351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86353,86354,86403,86419],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86355,86356,86359,86362,86364,86366,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86384,86386,86388,86391,86393,86395,86397,86401],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86357,86358],{"class":3627},"with",[66,86360,86361],{"class":137}," open",[66,86363,110],{"class":102},[66,86365,113],{"class":80},[66,86367,86368],{"class":84},"example.txt",[66,86370,113],{"class":80},[66,86372,121],{"class":102},[66,86374,81],{"class":80},[66,86376,60272],{"class":84},[66,86378,113],{"class":80},[66,86380,121],{"class":102},[66,86382,86383],{"class":8936}," encoding",[66,86385,77],{"class":76},[66,86387,113],{"class":80},[66,86389,86390],{"class":84},"utf-8",[66,86392,113],{"class":80},[66,86394,3410],{"class":102},[66,86396,47125],{"class":3627},[66,86398,86400],{"class":86399},"sMMDD"," file",[66,86402,6146],{"class":102},[66,86404,86405,86408,86410,86412,86414,86417],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,86406,86407],{"class":72},"    content ",[66,86409,77],{"class":76},[66,86411,86400],{"class":86399},[66,86413,103],{"class":102},[66,86415,86416],{"class":106},"read",[66,86418,8402],{"class":102},[66,86420,86421,86423,86425,86428],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,86422,7826],{"class":137},[66,86424,110],{"class":102},[66,86426,86427],{"class":106},"content",[66,86429,131],{"class":102},[20,86431,160,86432,86434,86435,86438],{},[15,86433,86358],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86436,86437],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[52,86440,86442],{"id":86441},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86444,86445,86447],{},[15,86446,86339],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86449,11221],{},[33,86451,86452,86455,86460,86465],{},[36,86453,86454],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[36,86456,40673,86457,86459],{},[398,86458,4383],{}," read or write anything by itself",[36,86461,17183,86462],{},[398,86463,86464],{},"file object",[36,86466,86467,86468],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[33,86469,86470,86475,86480,86485,86490],{},[36,86471,86472],{},[15,86473,86474],{},"read()",[36,86476,86477],{},[15,86478,86479],{},"readline()",[36,86481,86482],{},[15,86483,86484],{},"readlines()",[36,86486,86487],{},[15,86488,86489],{},"write()",[36,86491,86492],{},[15,86493,86494],{},"close()",[20,86496,923],{},[57,86498,86500],{"className":59,"code":86499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86501,86502,86541,86556,86566],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86503,86504,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86505,86506],{"class":86399},"file",[66,86508,13037],{"class":76},[66,86510,86361],{"class":137},[66,86512,110],{"class":102},[66,86514,113],{"class":80},[66,86516,86368],{"class":84},[66,86518,113],{"class":80},[66,86520,121],{"class":102},[66,86522,81],{"class":80},[66,86524,60272],{"class":84},[66,86526,113],{"class":80},[66,86528,121],{"class":102},[66,86530,86383],{"class":8936},[66,86532,77],{"class":76},[66,86534,113],{"class":80},[66,86536,86390],{"class":84},[66,86538,113],{"class":80},[66,86540,131],{"class":102},[66,86542,86543,86546,86548,86550,86552,86554],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,86544,86545],{"class":72},"content ",[66,86547,77],{"class":76},[66,86549,86400],{"class":86399},[66,86551,103],{"class":102},[66,86553,86416],{"class":106},[66,86555,8402],{"class":102},[66,86557,86558,86560,86562,86564],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,86559,138],{"class":137},[66,86561,110],{"class":102},[66,86563,86427],{"class":106},[66,86565,131],{"class":102},[66,86567,86568,86570,86572,86575],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,86569,86506],{"class":86399},[66,86571,103],{"class":102},[66,86573,86574],{"class":106},"close",[66,86576,8402],{"class":102},[20,86578,86579,86580,86582],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86581,86358],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[52,86584,1891],{"id":1890},[20,86586,86587],{},"A common form is:",[57,86589,86591],{"className":59,"code":86590,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86592,86593],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86594,86595,86597,86599,86601,86603,86606,86608,86610,86612,86614,86616,86618],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86596,42193],{"class":137},[66,86598,110],{"class":102},[66,86600,86506],{"class":86399},[66,86602,121],{"class":102},[66,86604,86605],{"class":106}," mode",[66,86607,121],{"class":102},[66,86609,86383],{"class":8936},[66,86611,77],{"class":76},[66,86613,113],{"class":80},[66,86615,86390],{"class":84},[66,86617,113],{"class":80},[66,86619,131],{"class":102},[20,86621,64809],{},[33,86623,86624,86629,86634],{},[36,86625,86626,86628],{},[15,86627,86506],{}," is the file name or file path",[36,86630,86631,86633],{},[15,86632,20682],{}," controls how the file is opened",[36,86635,86636,86639],{},[15,86637,86638],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86641,923],{},[57,86643,86645],{"className":59,"code":86644,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86646,86647,86690,86705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86648,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86660,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86650,86358],{"class":3627},[66,86652,86361],{"class":137},[66,86654,110],{"class":102},[66,86656,113],{"class":80},[66,86658,86659],{"class":84},"notes.txt",[66,86661,113],{"class":80},[66,86663,121],{"class":102},[66,86665,81],{"class":80},[66,86667,60272],{"class":84},[66,86669,113],{"class":80},[66,86671,121],{"class":102},[66,86673,86383],{"class":8936},[66,86675,77],{"class":76},[66,86677,113],{"class":80},[66,86679,86390],{"class":84},[66,86681,113],{"class":80},[66,86683,3410],{"class":102},[66,86685,47125],{"class":3627},[66,86687,86400],{"class":86399},[66,86689,6146],{"class":102},[66,86691,86692,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,86693,86694],{"class":72},"    text ",[66,86696,77],{"class":76},[66,86698,86400],{"class":86399},[66,86700,103],{"class":102},[66,86702,86416],{"class":106},[66,86704,8402],{"class":102},[66,86706,86707,86709,86711,86713],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,86708,7826],{"class":137},[66,86710,110],{"class":102},[66,86712,349],{"class":106},[66,86714,131],{"class":102},[20,86716,19720],{},[33,86718,86719,86725,86730],{},[36,86720,86721,86724],{},[15,86722,86723],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[36,86726,86727,86729],{},[15,86728,86437],{}," means open for reading",[36,86731,86732,86735],{},[15,86733,86734],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[52,86737,86739],{"id":86738},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86741,86742],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[33,86744,86745,86750,86756,86761,86767,86773],{},[36,86746,86747,86749],{},[15,86748,86437],{}," = read a text file",[36,86751,86752,86755],{},[15,86753,86754],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[36,86757,86758,86760],{},[15,86759,17858],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[36,86762,86763,86766],{},[15,86764,86765],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[36,86768,86769,86772],{},[15,86770,86771],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[36,86774,86775,86778],{},[15,86776,86777],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86780,1858],{},[57,86782,86784],{"className":59,"code":86783,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86785,86786,86791,86834],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86787,86788],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86789,86790],{"class":3413},"# Read a text file\n",[66,86792,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,86794,86358],{"class":3627},[66,86796,86361],{"class":137},[66,86798,110],{"class":102},[66,86800,113],{"class":80},[66,86802,86803],{"class":84},"data.txt",[66,86805,113],{"class":80},[66,86807,121],{"class":102},[66,86809,81],{"class":80},[66,86811,60272],{"class":84},[66,86813,113],{"class":80},[66,86815,121],{"class":102},[66,86817,86383],{"class":8936},[66,86819,77],{"class":76},[66,86821,113],{"class":80},[66,86823,86390],{"class":84},[66,86825,113],{"class":80},[66,86827,3410],{"class":102},[66,86829,47125],{"class":3627},[66,86831,86400],{"class":86399},[66,86833,6146],{"class":102},[66,86835,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,86837,7826],{"class":137},[66,86839,110],{"class":102},[66,86841,86506],{"class":86399},[66,86843,103],{"class":102},[66,86845,86416],{"class":106},[66,86847,6949],{"class":102},[57,86849,86851],{"className":59,"code":86850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86852,86853,86858,86900],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86854,86855],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86856,86857],{"class":3413},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[66,86859,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,86861,86358],{"class":3627},[66,86863,86361],{"class":137},[66,86865,110],{"class":102},[66,86867,113],{"class":80},[66,86869,86803],{"class":84},[66,86871,113],{"class":80},[66,86873,121],{"class":102},[66,86875,81],{"class":80},[66,86877,60255],{"class":84},[66,86879,113],{"class":80},[66,86881,121],{"class":102},[66,86883,86383],{"class":8936},[66,86885,77],{"class":76},[66,86887,113],{"class":80},[66,86889,86390],{"class":84},[66,86891,113],{"class":80},[66,86893,3410],{"class":102},[66,86895,47125],{"class":3627},[66,86897,86400],{"class":86399},[66,86899,6146],{"class":102},[66,86901,86902,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86918,86920],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,86903,86904],{"class":86399},"    file",[66,86906,103],{"class":102},[66,86908,69959],{"class":106},[66,86910,110],{"class":102},[66,86912,113],{"class":80},[66,86914,1296],{"class":84},[66,86916,86917],{"class":879},"\\n",[66,86919,113],{"class":80},[66,86921,131],{"class":102},[57,86923,86925],{"className":59,"code":86924,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86926,86927,86932,86974],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86928,86929],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86930,86931],{"class":3413},"# Append to a text file\n",[66,86933,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,86935,86358],{"class":3627},[66,86937,86361],{"class":137},[66,86939,110],{"class":102},[66,86941,113],{"class":80},[66,86943,86803],{"class":84},[66,86945,113],{"class":80},[66,86947,121],{"class":102},[66,86949,81],{"class":80},[66,86951,200],{"class":84},[66,86953,113],{"class":80},[66,86955,121],{"class":102},[66,86957,86383],{"class":8936},[66,86959,77],{"class":76},[66,86961,113],{"class":80},[66,86963,86390],{"class":84},[66,86965,113],{"class":80},[66,86967,3410],{"class":102},[66,86969,47125],{"class":3627},[66,86971,86400],{"class":86399},[66,86973,6146],{"class":102},[66,86975,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86989,86991,86993],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,86977,86904],{"class":86399},[66,86979,103],{"class":102},[66,86981,69959],{"class":106},[66,86983,110],{"class":102},[66,86985,113],{"class":80},[66,86987,86988],{"class":84},"Another line",[66,86990,86917],{"class":879},[66,86992,113],{"class":80},[66,86994,131],{"class":102},[20,86996,69111,86997,86999],{},[15,86998,86754],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[52,87001,87003],{"id":87002},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87005,87006,21739,87008,103],{},[15,87007,86339],{},[398,87009,86464],{},[20,87011,87012],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[33,87014,87015,87020,87025],{},[36,87016,87017],{},[15,87018,87019],{},"file.read()",[36,87021,87022],{},[15,87023,87024],{},"file.write()",[36,87026,87027],{},[15,87028,87029],{},"file.close()",[20,87031,87032],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87034,923],{},[57,87036,87038],{"className":59,"code":87037,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87039,87040,87082],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87041,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87043,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87045,86361],{"class":137},[66,87047,110],{"class":102},[66,87049,113],{"class":80},[66,87051,86368],{"class":84},[66,87053,113],{"class":80},[66,87055,121],{"class":102},[66,87057,81],{"class":80},[66,87059,60272],{"class":84},[66,87061,113],{"class":80},[66,87063,121],{"class":102},[66,87065,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87067,77],{"class":76},[66,87069,113],{"class":80},[66,87071,86390],{"class":84},[66,87073,113],{"class":80},[66,87075,3410],{"class":102},[66,87077,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87079,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87081,6146],{"class":102},[66,87083,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87085,7826],{"class":137},[66,87087,110],{"class":102},[66,87089,2964],{"class":2641},[66,87091,110],{"class":102},[66,87093,86506],{"class":86399},[66,87095,1330],{"class":102},[20,87097,29796],{},[57,87099,87101],{"className":59,"code":87100,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87102,87103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87104,87105,87107,87109,87111,87114,87116],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87106,3033],{"class":76},[66,87108,3036],{"class":1797},[66,87110,3039],{"class":80},[66,87112,87113],{"class":84},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[66,87115,3044],{"class":80},[66,87117,3047],{"class":76},[20,87119,87120,87121,87123],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87122,86339],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[52,87125,87127],{"id":87126},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87129,87130],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[57,87132,87133],{"className":59,"code":86351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,87134,87135,87177,87191],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87136,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87138,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87140,86361],{"class":137},[66,87142,110],{"class":102},[66,87144,113],{"class":80},[66,87146,86368],{"class":84},[66,87148,113],{"class":80},[66,87150,121],{"class":102},[66,87152,81],{"class":80},[66,87154,60272],{"class":84},[66,87156,113],{"class":80},[66,87158,121],{"class":102},[66,87160,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87162,77],{"class":76},[66,87164,113],{"class":80},[66,87166,86390],{"class":84},[66,87168,113],{"class":80},[66,87170,3410],{"class":102},[66,87172,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87174,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87176,6146],{"class":102},[66,87178,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87180,86407],{"class":72},[66,87182,77],{"class":76},[66,87184,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87186,103],{"class":102},[66,87188,86416],{"class":106},[66,87190,8402],{"class":102},[66,87192,87193,87195,87197,87199],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,87194,7826],{"class":137},[66,87196,110],{"class":102},[66,87198,86427],{"class":106},[66,87200,131],{"class":102},[20,87202,87203],{},"Why this is recommended:",[33,87205,87206,87211,87217,87220],{},[36,87207,87208,87210],{},[15,87209,86358],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[36,87212,87213,87214,87216],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87215,86494],{}," yourself",[36,87218,87219],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[36,87221,87222],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87224,83516,87225,87227],{},[15,87226,86358],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[57,87229,87230],{"className":59,"code":86499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,87231,87232,87270,87284,87294],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87233,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87235,86506],{"class":86399},[66,87237,13037],{"class":76},[66,87239,86361],{"class":137},[66,87241,110],{"class":102},[66,87243,113],{"class":80},[66,87245,86368],{"class":84},[66,87247,113],{"class":80},[66,87249,121],{"class":102},[66,87251,81],{"class":80},[66,87253,60272],{"class":84},[66,87255,113],{"class":80},[66,87257,121],{"class":102},[66,87259,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87261,77],{"class":76},[66,87263,113],{"class":80},[66,87265,86390],{"class":84},[66,87267,113],{"class":80},[66,87269,131],{"class":102},[66,87271,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87273,86545],{"class":72},[66,87275,77],{"class":76},[66,87277,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87279,103],{"class":102},[66,87281,86416],{"class":106},[66,87283,8402],{"class":102},[66,87285,87286,87288,87290,87292],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,87287,138],{"class":137},[66,87289,110],{"class":102},[66,87291,86427],{"class":106},[66,87293,131],{"class":102},[66,87295,87296,87298,87300,87302],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,87297,86506],{"class":86399},[66,87299,103],{"class":102},[66,87301,86574],{"class":106},[66,87303,8402],{"class":102},[20,87305,87306],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[52,87308,87310],{"id":87309},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87312,87313,87314,87316],{},"Use mode ",[15,87315,86437],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[258,87318,87320],{"id":87319},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87322,87323,87325],{},[15,87324,86474],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[57,87327,87328],{"className":59,"code":86351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,87329,87330,87372,87386],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87331,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87333,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87335,86361],{"class":137},[66,87337,110],{"class":102},[66,87339,113],{"class":80},[66,87341,86368],{"class":84},[66,87343,113],{"class":80},[66,87345,121],{"class":102},[66,87347,81],{"class":80},[66,87349,60272],{"class":84},[66,87351,113],{"class":80},[66,87353,121],{"class":102},[66,87355,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87357,77],{"class":76},[66,87359,113],{"class":80},[66,87361,86390],{"class":84},[66,87363,113],{"class":80},[66,87365,3410],{"class":102},[66,87367,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87369,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87371,6146],{"class":102},[66,87373,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87375,86407],{"class":72},[66,87377,77],{"class":76},[66,87379,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87381,103],{"class":102},[66,87383,86416],{"class":106},[66,87385,8402],{"class":102},[66,87387,87388,87390,87392,87394],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,87389,7826],{"class":137},[66,87391,110],{"class":102},[66,87393,86427],{"class":106},[66,87395,131],{"class":102},[258,87397,87399],{"id":87398},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87401,87402,87404],{},[15,87403,86479],{}," reads one line at a time.",[57,87406,87408],{"className":59,"code":87407,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87409,87410,87452,87468],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87411,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87413,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87415,86361],{"class":137},[66,87417,110],{"class":102},[66,87419,113],{"class":80},[66,87421,86368],{"class":84},[66,87423,113],{"class":80},[66,87425,121],{"class":102},[66,87427,81],{"class":80},[66,87429,60272],{"class":84},[66,87431,113],{"class":80},[66,87433,121],{"class":102},[66,87435,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87437,77],{"class":76},[66,87439,113],{"class":80},[66,87441,86390],{"class":84},[66,87443,113],{"class":80},[66,87445,3410],{"class":102},[66,87447,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87449,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87451,6146],{"class":102},[66,87453,87454,87457,87459,87461,87463,87466],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87455,87456],{"class":72},"    first_line ",[66,87458,77],{"class":76},[66,87460,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87462,103],{"class":102},[66,87464,87465],{"class":106},"readline",[66,87467,8402],{"class":102},[66,87469,87470,87472,87474,87477],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,87471,7826],{"class":137},[66,87473,110],{"class":102},[66,87475,87476],{"class":106},"first_line",[66,87478,131],{"class":102},[258,87480,87482],{"id":87481},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87484,87485],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[57,87487,87489],{"className":59,"code":87488,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87490,87491,87533,87547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87492,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87494,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87496,86361],{"class":137},[66,87498,110],{"class":102},[66,87500,113],{"class":80},[66,87502,86368],{"class":84},[66,87504,113],{"class":80},[66,87506,121],{"class":102},[66,87508,81],{"class":80},[66,87510,60272],{"class":84},[66,87512,113],{"class":80},[66,87514,121],{"class":102},[66,87516,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87518,77],{"class":76},[66,87520,113],{"class":80},[66,87522,86390],{"class":84},[66,87524,113],{"class":80},[66,87526,3410],{"class":102},[66,87528,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87530,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87532,6146],{"class":102},[66,87534,87535,87538,87541,87543,87545],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87536,87537],{"class":3627},"    for",[66,87539,87540],{"class":72}," line ",[66,87542,3634],{"class":3627},[66,87544,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87546,6146],{"class":102},[66,87548,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,87550,47105],{"class":137},[66,87552,110],{"class":102},[66,87554,68],{"class":106},[66,87556,103],{"class":102},[66,87558,8393],{"class":106},[66,87560,6949],{"class":102},[20,87562,87563,87564,2617,87568,103],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[200,87565,87567],{"href":87566},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[200,87569,87571],{"href":87570},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[52,87573,87575],{"id":87574},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87577,160,87578,87580],{},[15,87579,86754],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[57,87582,87584],{"className":59,"code":87583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87585,87586,87629,87650],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87587,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87589,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87591,86361],{"class":137},[66,87593,110],{"class":102},[66,87595,113],{"class":80},[66,87597,87598],{"class":84},"output.txt",[66,87600,113],{"class":80},[66,87602,121],{"class":102},[66,87604,81],{"class":80},[66,87606,60255],{"class":84},[66,87608,113],{"class":80},[66,87610,121],{"class":102},[66,87612,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87614,77],{"class":76},[66,87616,113],{"class":80},[66,87618,86390],{"class":84},[66,87620,113],{"class":80},[66,87622,3410],{"class":102},[66,87624,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87626,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87628,6146],{"class":102},[66,87630,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87644,87646,87648],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87632,86904],{"class":86399},[66,87634,103],{"class":102},[66,87636,69959],{"class":106},[66,87638,110],{"class":102},[66,87640,113],{"class":80},[66,87642,87643],{"class":84},"First line",[66,87645,86917],{"class":879},[66,87647,113],{"class":80},[66,87649,131],{"class":102},[66,87651,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87665,87667,87669],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,87653,86904],{"class":86399},[66,87655,103],{"class":102},[66,87657,69959],{"class":106},[66,87659,110],{"class":102},[66,87661,113],{"class":80},[66,87663,87664],{"class":84},"Second line",[66,87666,86917],{"class":879},[66,87668,113],{"class":80},[66,87670,131],{"class":102},[20,87672,160,87673,87675],{},[15,87674,17858],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[57,87677,87679],{"className":59,"code":87678,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87680,87681,87723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87682,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87684,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87686,86361],{"class":137},[66,87688,110],{"class":102},[66,87690,113],{"class":80},[66,87692,87598],{"class":84},[66,87694,113],{"class":80},[66,87696,121],{"class":102},[66,87698,81],{"class":80},[66,87700,200],{"class":84},[66,87702,113],{"class":80},[66,87704,121],{"class":102},[66,87706,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87708,77],{"class":76},[66,87710,113],{"class":80},[66,87712,86390],{"class":84},[66,87714,113],{"class":80},[66,87716,3410],{"class":102},[66,87718,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87720,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87722,6146],{"class":102},[66,87724,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87738,87740,87742],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87726,86904],{"class":86399},[66,87728,103],{"class":102},[66,87730,69959],{"class":106},[66,87732,110],{"class":102},[66,87734,113],{"class":80},[66,87736,87737],{"class":84},"Third line",[66,87739,86917],{"class":879},[66,87741,113],{"class":80},[66,87743,131],{"class":102},[20,87745,87746],{},"Important detail:",[33,87748,87749,87754,87761],{},[36,87750,87751,87753],{},[15,87752,86489],{}," writes a string",[36,87755,87756,13815,87758,87760],{},[15,87757,86489],{},[398,87759,4383],{}," add a newline for you",[36,87762,87763,87764,87216],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87765,86917],{},[20,87767,87768,87769,2617,87773,103],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[200,87770,87772],{"href":87771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[200,87774,87776],{"href":87775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[52,87778,87780],{"id":87779},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87782,87783],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[258,87785,87787],{"id":87786},"encodingutf-8",[15,87788,86734],{},[20,87790,87791],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[57,87793,87795],{"className":59,"code":87794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87796,87797,87840],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87798,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87800,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87802,86361],{"class":137},[66,87804,110],{"class":102},[66,87806,113],{"class":80},[66,87808,87809],{"class":84},"message.txt",[66,87811,113],{"class":80},[66,87813,121],{"class":102},[66,87815,81],{"class":80},[66,87817,60272],{"class":84},[66,87819,113],{"class":80},[66,87821,121],{"class":102},[66,87823,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87825,77],{"class":76},[66,87827,113],{"class":80},[66,87829,86390],{"class":84},[66,87831,113],{"class":80},[66,87833,3410],{"class":102},[66,87835,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87837,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87839,6146],{"class":102},[66,87841,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87843,7826],{"class":137},[66,87845,110],{"class":102},[66,87847,86506],{"class":86399},[66,87849,103],{"class":102},[66,87851,86416],{"class":106},[66,87853,6949],{"class":102},[20,87855,87856],{},"Why it matters:",[33,87858,87859,87862,87865],{},[36,87860,87861],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[36,87863,87864],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[36,87866,87867],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[258,87869,87871],{"id":87870},"newline",[15,87872,87870],{},[20,87874,87875],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87877,87878],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[258,87880,87882],{"id":87881},"buffering",[15,87883,87881],{},[20,87885,87886],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87888,87889],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[52,87891,87893],{"id":87892},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87895,87896],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[258,87898,87900],{"id":87899},"filenotfounderror",[15,87901,87902],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87904,87905],{},"This happens when:",[33,87907,87908,87911,87914],{},[36,87909,87910],{},"the file does not exist",[36,87912,87913],{},"the path is wrong",[36,87915,87916],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87918,923],{},[57,87920,87922],{"className":59,"code":87921,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87923,87924,87967],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87925,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87927,86358],{"class":3627},[66,87929,86361],{"class":137},[66,87931,110],{"class":102},[66,87933,113],{"class":80},[66,87935,87936],{"class":84},"missing.txt",[66,87938,113],{"class":80},[66,87940,121],{"class":102},[66,87942,81],{"class":80},[66,87944,60272],{"class":84},[66,87946,113],{"class":80},[66,87948,121],{"class":102},[66,87950,86383],{"class":8936},[66,87952,77],{"class":76},[66,87954,113],{"class":80},[66,87956,86390],{"class":84},[66,87958,113],{"class":80},[66,87960,3410],{"class":102},[66,87962,47125],{"class":3627},[66,87964,86400],{"class":86399},[66,87966,6146],{"class":102},[66,87968,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,87970,7826],{"class":137},[66,87972,110],{"class":102},[66,87974,86506],{"class":86399},[66,87976,103],{"class":102},[66,87978,86416],{"class":106},[66,87980,6949],{"class":102},[20,87982,87983,87984,798,87992,103],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[200,87985,87987,87988,87991],{"href":87986},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[66,87989,87990],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[200,87993,87995],{"href":87994},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[258,87997,87999],{"id":87998},"permissionerror",[15,88000,88001],{},"PermissionError",[20,88003,88004],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88006,88007],{},"Example causes:",[33,88009,88010,88013,88016],{},[36,88011,88012],{},"the file is protected",[36,88014,88015],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[36,88017,88018],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88020,88021,88022],{},"Related page: ",[200,88023,88025,88026,88029],{"href":88024},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[66,88027,88028],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[258,88031,88033],{"id":88032},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88034,88035],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88037,88038],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88040,923],{},[57,88042,88044],{"className":59,"code":88043,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88045,88046,88089],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88047,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88049,86358],{"class":3627},[66,88051,86361],{"class":137},[66,88053,110],{"class":102},[66,88055,113],{"class":80},[66,88057,88058],{"class":84},"my_folder",[66,88060,113],{"class":80},[66,88062,121],{"class":102},[66,88064,81],{"class":80},[66,88066,60272],{"class":84},[66,88068,113],{"class":80},[66,88070,121],{"class":102},[66,88072,86383],{"class":8936},[66,88074,77],{"class":76},[66,88076,113],{"class":80},[66,88078,86390],{"class":84},[66,88080,113],{"class":80},[66,88082,3410],{"class":102},[66,88084,47125],{"class":3627},[66,88086,86400],{"class":86399},[66,88088,6146],{"class":102},[66,88090,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88092,7826],{"class":137},[66,88094,110],{"class":102},[66,88096,86506],{"class":86399},[66,88098,103],{"class":102},[66,88100,86416],{"class":106},[66,88102,6949],{"class":102},[20,88104,88021,88105],{},[200,88106,88108,88109,88112],{"href":88107},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[66,88110,88111],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[258,88114,88116],{"id":88115},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88117,88118],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88120,88121,88122,103],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88123,86339],{},[20,88125,88021,88126],{},[200,88127,88129],{"href":88128},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[52,88131,88133],{"id":88132},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88135,88136,88137,88139],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88138,86339],{}," function.",[20,88141,88142],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[33,88144,88145,88148,88151,88157],{},[36,88146,88147],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[36,88149,88150],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[36,88152,88153,88154,88156],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88155,86339],{}," itself",[36,88158,88159,88160],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[200,88161,88163],{"href":88162},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[52,88165,2568],{"id":2567},[20,88167,88168,88169,1111],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88170,86339],{},[33,88172,88173,88178,88184,88189,88192,88195],{},[36,88174,8176,88175,88177],{},[15,88176,86437],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[36,88179,88180,88181,88183],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88182,86638],{}," for text files",[36,88185,8176,88186,88188],{},[15,88187,86754],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[36,88190,88191],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[36,88193,88194],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[36,88196,88197],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88199,88200],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[57,88202,88204],{"className":59,"code":88203,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88205,88206,88213],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88207,88208,88210],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88209,34856],{"class":3627},[66,88211,88212],{"class":72}," os\n",[66,88214,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88226],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88216,138],{"class":137},[66,88218,110],{"class":102},[66,88220,42392],{"class":106},[66,88222,103],{"class":102},[66,88224,88225],{"class":106},"getcwd",[66,88227,6949],{"class":102},[20,88229,88230],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[57,88232,88234],{"className":59,"code":88233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88235,88236,88242],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88237,88238,88240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88239,34856],{"class":3627},[66,88241,88212],{"class":72},[66,88243,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88255,88257,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88245,138],{"class":137},[66,88247,110],{"class":102},[66,88249,42392],{"class":106},[66,88251,103],{"class":102},[66,88253,88254],{"class":24515},"path",[66,88256,103],{"class":102},[66,88258,88259],{"class":106},"exists",[66,88261,110],{"class":102},[66,88263,113],{"class":80},[66,88265,86368],{"class":84},[66,88267,113],{"class":80},[66,88269,1330],{"class":102},[20,88271,88272],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[57,88274,88276],{"className":59,"code":88275,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88277,88278,88284],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88279,88280,88282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88281,34856],{"class":3627},[66,88283,88212],{"class":72},[66,88285,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88301,88303,88305,88307,88309],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88287,138],{"class":137},[66,88289,110],{"class":102},[66,88291,42392],{"class":106},[66,88293,103],{"class":102},[66,88295,88254],{"class":24515},[66,88297,103],{"class":102},[66,88299,88300],{"class":106},"isfile",[66,88302,110],{"class":102},[66,88304,113],{"class":80},[66,88306,86368],{"class":84},[66,88308,113],{"class":80},[66,88310,1330],{"class":102},[20,88312,88313],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[57,88315,88317],{"className":59,"code":88316,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88318,88319,88361],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88320,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355,88357,88359],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88322,86358],{"class":3627},[66,88324,86361],{"class":137},[66,88326,110],{"class":102},[66,88328,113],{"class":80},[66,88330,86368],{"class":84},[66,88332,113],{"class":80},[66,88334,121],{"class":102},[66,88336,81],{"class":80},[66,88338,60272],{"class":84},[66,88340,113],{"class":80},[66,88342,121],{"class":102},[66,88344,86383],{"class":8936},[66,88346,77],{"class":76},[66,88348,113],{"class":80},[66,88350,86390],{"class":84},[66,88352,113],{"class":80},[66,88354,3410],{"class":102},[66,88356,47125],{"class":3627},[66,88358,86400],{"class":86399},[66,88360,6146],{"class":102},[66,88362,88363,88365,88367,88369,88371,88373],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88364,7826],{"class":137},[66,88366,110],{"class":102},[66,88368,86506],{"class":86399},[66,88370,103],{"class":102},[66,88372,86416],{"class":106},[66,88374,6949],{"class":102},[20,88376,88377],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[52,88379,1518],{"id":1517},[258,88381,88383],{"id":88382},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88385,88386],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[258,88388,88390],{"id":88389},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88392,88393,88394,88396],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88395,86358],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[258,88398,4934,88400,798,88402,88404],{"id":88399},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88401,86754],{},[15,88403,17858],{}," mode?",[20,88406,88407,88409,88410,88412],{},[15,88408,86754],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88411,17858],{}," adds new content to the end.",[258,88414,88416],{"id":88415},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88418,88419],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[258,88421,88423],{"id":88422},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88425,88426,88427,88429],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88428,86734],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[52,88431,1620],{"id":1619},[33,88433,88434,88438,88442,88446,88450,88454,88458,88464],{},[36,88435,88436],{},[200,88437,87567],{"href":87566},[36,88439,88440],{},[200,88441,87772],{"href":87771},[36,88443,88444],{},[200,88445,87776],{"href":87775},[36,88447,88448],{},[200,88449,87571],{"href":87570},[36,88451,88452],{},[200,88453,88163],{"href":88162},[36,88455,88456],{},[200,88457,87995],{"href":87994},[36,88459,88460],{},[200,88461,87987,88462,87991],{"href":87986},[66,88463,87990],{},[36,88465,88466],{},[200,88467,88025,88468,88029],{"href":88024},[66,88469,88028],{},[1651,88471,88472],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":88474},[88475,88476,88477,88478,88479,88480,88481,88486,88487,88492,88498,88499,88500,88508],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":86441,"depth":91,"text":86442},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":86738,"depth":91,"text":86739},{"id":87002,"depth":91,"text":87003},{"id":87126,"depth":91,"text":87127},{"id":87309,"depth":91,"text":87310,"children":88482},[88483,88484,88485],{"id":87319,"depth":134,"text":87320},{"id":87398,"depth":134,"text":87399},{"id":87481,"depth":134,"text":87482},{"id":87574,"depth":91,"text":87575},{"id":87779,"depth":91,"text":87780,"children":88488},[88489,88490,88491],{"id":87786,"depth":134,"text":86734},{"id":87870,"depth":134,"text":87870},{"id":87881,"depth":134,"text":87881},{"id":87892,"depth":91,"text":87893,"children":88493},[88494,88495,88496,88497],{"id":87899,"depth":134,"text":87902},{"id":87998,"depth":134,"text":88001},{"id":88032,"depth":134,"text":88035},{"id":88115,"depth":134,"text":88118},{"id":88132,"depth":91,"text":88133},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":88501},[88502,88503,88504,88506,88507],{"id":88382,"depth":134,"text":88383},{"id":88389,"depth":134,"text":88390},{"id":88399,"depth":134,"text":88505},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88415,"depth":134,"text":88416},{"id":88422,"depth":134,"text":88423},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86329,"description":88509},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88516,"title":88517,"body":88518,"description":90509,"extension":1694,"meta":90510,"navigation":338,"path":90511,"seo":90512,"stem":90513,"__hash__":90514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88519,"toc":90456},[88520,88525,88530,88536,88538,88606,88608,88627,88632,88637,88642,88645,88657,88659,88702,88704,88721,88732,88734,88736,88761,88763,88774,88776,88836,88838,88864,88867,88871,88876,88880,88883,88917,88921,88924,88949,88953,88976,88980,89013,89018,89022,89027,89030,89098,89100,89124,89129,89132,89163,89165,89197,89214,89218,89223,89247,89254,89259,89264,89267,89271,89306,89308,89317,89321,89412,89414,89445,89450,89457,89462,89470,89473,89507,89509,89523,89527,89568,89570,89579,89583,89631,89633,89647,89652,89663,89670,89676,89678,89712,89714,89728,89731,89753,89759,89788,89799,89805,89811,89825,89827,89906,89908,89958,89965,89967,89972,89976,89979,89994,89999,90001,90020,90026,90029,90044,90046,90064,90070,90075,90105,90108,90131,90134,90161,90168,90174,90181,90204,90209,90217,90219,90239,90243,90249,90299,90302,90324,90326,90332,90340,90346,90352,90360,90365,90369,90372,90395,90400,90407,90419,90421,90453],[10,88521,3321,88523,3325],{"id":88522},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88524,46219],{},[20,88526,32085,88527,88529],{},[15,88528,46219],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88531,88532,88533,88535],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88534,46219],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[52,88537,55],{"id":54},[57,88539,88541],{"className":59,"code":88540,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88542,88543,88555,88564,88568,88578,88588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88544,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88546,7633],{"class":72},[66,88548,77],{"class":76},[66,88550,81],{"class":80},[66,88552,7678],{"class":84},[66,88554,88],{"class":80},[66,88556,88557,88559,88561],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88558,21392],{"class":72},[66,88560,77],{"class":76},[66,88562,88563],{"class":478}," 12\n",[66,88565,88566],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,88567,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,88569,88570,88572,88574,88576],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,88571,138],{"class":137},[66,88573,110],{"class":102},[66,88575,7423],{"class":106},[66,88577,131],{"class":102},[66,88579,88580,88582,88584,88586],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,88581,138],{"class":137},[66,88583,110],{"class":102},[66,88585,9060],{"class":106},[66,88587,131],{"class":102},[66,88589,88590,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,88591,138],{"class":137},[66,88593,110],{"class":102},[66,88595,113],{"class":80},[66,88597,1296],{"class":84},[66,88599,113],{"class":80},[66,88601,121],{"class":102},[66,88603,35758],{"class":106},[66,88605,131],{"class":102},[20,88607,148],{},[57,88609,88611],{"className":59,"code":88610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88612,88613,88618,88622],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88614,88615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88616,88617],{"class":72},"Mia\n",[66,88619,88620],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88621,1959],{"class":478},[66,88623,88624],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,88625,88626],{"class":72},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88628,160,88629,88631],{},[15,88630,46219],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[52,88633,168,88635,41],{"id":88634},"what-print-does",[15,88636,46219],{},[20,88638,88639,88641],{},[15,88640,46219],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88643,88644],{},"You can use it to display:",[33,88646,88647,88649,88651,88654],{},[36,88648,349],{},[36,88650,3397],{},[36,88652,88653],{},"variables",[36,88655,88656],{},"expressions",[20,88658,923],{},[57,88660,88662],{"className":59,"code":88661,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88663,88664,88678,88688],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88665,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88667,138],{"class":137},[66,88669,110],{"class":102},[66,88671,113],{"class":80},[66,88673,1296],{"class":84},[66,88675,113],{"class":80},[66,88677,131],{"class":102},[66,88679,88680,88682,88684,88686],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88681,138],{"class":137},[66,88683,110],{"class":102},[66,88685,1869],{"class":478},[66,88687,131],{"class":102},[66,88689,88690,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,88691,138],{"class":137},[66,88693,110],{"class":102},[66,88695,1788],{"class":478},[66,88697,2189],{"class":76},[66,88699,2186],{"class":478},[66,88701,131],{"class":102},[20,88703,148],{},[57,88705,88707],{"className":59,"code":88706,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88708,88709,88713,88717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88710,88711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88712,1335],{"class":72},[66,88714,88715],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88716,2687],{"class":478},[66,88718,88719],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,88720,2687],{"class":478},[20,88722,88723,88724,88726,88727,88731],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88725,46219],{}," ",[398,88728,3441,88729],{},[15,88730,3528],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[52,88733,1891],{"id":1890},[20,88735,30492],{},[57,88737,88739],{"className":59,"code":88738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88740,88741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88742,88743,88745,88747,88750,88752,88755,88757,88759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88744,138],{"class":137},[66,88746,110],{"class":102},[66,88748,88749],{"class":106},"object1",[66,88751,121],{"class":102},[66,88753,88754],{"class":106}," object2",[66,88756,121],{"class":102},[66,88758,34222],{"class":137},[66,88760,131],{"class":102},[20,88762,79967],{},[33,88764,88765,88768,88771],{},[36,88766,88767],{},"one value",[36,88769,88770],{},"many values",[36,88772,88773],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88775,923],{},[57,88777,88779],{"className":59,"code":88778,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88780,88781,88795,88814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88782,88783,88785,88787,88789,88791,88793],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88784,138],{"class":137},[66,88786,110],{"class":102},[66,88788,113],{"class":80},[66,88790,57537],{"class":84},[66,88792,113],{"class":80},[66,88794,131],{"class":102},[66,88796,88797,88799,88801,88803,88806,88808,88810,88812],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88798,138],{"class":137},[66,88800,110],{"class":102},[66,88802,113],{"class":80},[66,88804,88805],{"class":84},"Score:",[66,88807,113],{"class":80},[66,88809,121],{"class":102},[66,88811,5757],{"class":478},[66,88813,131],{"class":102},[66,88815,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824,88826,88828,88830,88832,88834],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,88817,138],{"class":137},[66,88819,110],{"class":102},[66,88821,113],{"class":80},[66,88823,45330],{"class":84},[66,88825,113],{"class":80},[66,88827,121],{"class":102},[66,88829,2192],{"class":478},[66,88831,2189],{"class":76},[66,88833,37409],{"class":478},[66,88835,131],{"class":102},[20,88837,148],{},[57,88839,88841],{"className":59,"code":88840,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88842,88843,88847,88856],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88844,88845],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88846,85120],{"class":72},[66,88848,88849,88852,88854],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88850,88851],{"class":72},"Score",[66,88853,1111],{"class":102},[66,88855,2324],{"class":478},[66,88857,88858,88860,88862],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,88859,45370],{"class":72},[66,88861,1111],{"class":102},[66,88863,2324],{"class":478},[20,88865,88866],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[52,88868,88870],{"id":88869},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88872,88873,88874,103],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88875,46219],{},[258,88877,88879],{"id":88878},"print-text","Print text",[20,88881,88882],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[57,88884,88886],{"className":59,"code":88885,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88887,88888,88902],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88889,88890,88892,88894,88896,88898,88900],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88891,138],{"class":137},[66,88893,110],{"class":102},[66,88895,113],{"class":80},[66,88897,1296],{"class":84},[66,88899,113],{"class":80},[66,88901,131],{"class":102},[66,88903,88904,88906,88908,88910,88913,88915],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88905,138],{"class":137},[66,88907,110],{"class":102},[66,88909,113],{"class":80},[66,88911,88912],{"class":84},"Python is fun",[66,88914,113],{"class":80},[66,88916,131],{"class":102},[258,88918,88920],{"id":88919},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88922,88923],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[57,88925,88927],{"className":59,"code":88926,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88928,88929,88939],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88930,88931,88933,88935,88937],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88932,138],{"class":137},[66,88934,110],{"class":102},[66,88936,1869],{"class":478},[66,88938,131],{"class":102},[66,88940,88941,88943,88945,88947],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88942,138],{"class":137},[66,88944,110],{"class":102},[66,88946,39910],{"class":478},[66,88948,131],{"class":102},[258,88950,88952],{"id":88951},"print-variables","Print variables",[57,88954,88956],{"className":59,"code":88955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88957,88958,88966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88959,88960,88962,88964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88961,4850],{"class":72},[66,88963,77],{"class":76},[66,88965,13892],{"class":478},[66,88967,88968,88970,88972,88974],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,88969,138],{"class":137},[66,88971,110],{"class":102},[66,88973,85284],{"class":106},[66,88975,131],{"class":102},[258,88977,88979],{"id":88978},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[57,88981,88983],{"className":59,"code":88982,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88984,88985,88999],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88986,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88988,138],{"class":137},[66,88990,110],{"class":102},[66,88992,1788],{"class":478},[66,88994,2189],{"class":76},[66,88996,2186],{"class":478},[66,88998,131],{"class":102},[66,89000,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009,89011],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89002,138],{"class":137},[66,89004,110],{"class":102},[66,89006,2064],{"class":478},[66,89008,82596],{"class":76},[66,89010,2192],{"class":478},[66,89012,131],{"class":102},[20,89014,89015,89016,103],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[200,89017,50743],{"href":202},[52,89019,89021],{"id":89020},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89023,89024,89026],{},[15,89025,46219],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89028,89029],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[57,89031,89033],{"className":59,"code":89032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89034,89035,89048,89056,89060,89079],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89036,89037,89039,89041,89043,89046],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89038,7633],{"class":72},[66,89040,77],{"class":76},[66,89042,81],{"class":80},[66,89044,89045],{"class":84},"Ava",[66,89047,88],{"class":80},[66,89049,89050,89052,89054],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89051,21392],{"class":72},[66,89053,77],{"class":76},[66,89055,2324],{"class":478},[66,89057,89058],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,89059,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,89061,89062,89064,89066,89068,89071,89073,89075,89077],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,89063,138],{"class":137},[66,89065,110],{"class":102},[66,89067,113],{"class":80},[66,89069,89070],{"class":84},"Name:",[66,89072,113],{"class":80},[66,89074,121],{"class":102},[66,89076,35758],{"class":106},[66,89078,131],{"class":102},[66,89080,89081,89083,89085,89087,89090,89092,89094,89096],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,89082,138],{"class":137},[66,89084,110],{"class":102},[66,89086,113],{"class":80},[66,89088,89089],{"class":84},"Age:",[66,89091,113],{"class":80},[66,89093,121],{"class":102},[66,89095,8949],{"class":106},[66,89097,131],{"class":102},[20,89099,148],{},[57,89101,89103],{"className":59,"code":89102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89104,89105,89115],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89106,89107,89110,89112],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89108,89109],{"class":72},"Name",[66,89111,1111],{"class":102},[66,89113,89114],{"class":72}," Ava\n",[66,89116,89117,89120,89122],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89118,89119],{"class":72},"Age",[66,89121,1111],{"class":102},[66,89123,2324],{"class":478},[20,89125,89126,89127,103],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89128,1791],{},[20,89130,89131],{},"For example, this works:",[57,89133,89135],{"className":59,"code":89134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89136,89137,89145],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89138,89139,89141,89143],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89140,21392],{"class":72},[66,89142,77],{"class":76},[66,89144,2324],{"class":478},[66,89146,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157,89159,89161],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89148,138],{"class":137},[66,89150,110],{"class":102},[66,89152,113],{"class":80},[66,89154,89089],{"class":84},[66,89156,113],{"class":80},[66,89158,121],{"class":102},[66,89160,8949],{"class":106},[66,89162,131],{"class":102},[20,89164,36693],{},[57,89166,89168],{"className":59,"code":89167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89169,89170,89178],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89171,89172,89174,89176],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89173,21392],{"class":72},[66,89175,77],{"class":76},[66,89177,2324],{"class":478},[66,89179,89180,89182,89184,89186,89189,89191,89193,89195],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89181,138],{"class":137},[66,89183,110],{"class":102},[66,89185,113],{"class":80},[66,89187,89188],{"class":84},"Age: ",[66,89190,113],{"class":80},[66,89192,2189],{"class":76},[66,89194,8949],{"class":106},[66,89196,131],{"class":102},[20,89198,89199,89200,89203,89204,89206,89207,89209,89210,103],{},"That fails because ",[15,89201,89202],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89205,9060],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89208,1791],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[200,89211,89212],{"href":41941},[15,89213,47451],{},[52,89215,89217],{"id":89216},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89219,89220,89222],{},[15,89221,46219],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[33,89224,89225,89231,89236,89241],{},[36,89226,89227,89230],{},[15,89228,89229],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[36,89232,89233,89235],{},[15,89234,52428],{}," controls what is added after the output",[36,89237,89238,89240],{},[15,89239,86506],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[36,89242,89243,89246],{},[15,89244,89245],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89248,89249,89250,798,89252,103],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89251,89229],{},[15,89253,52428],{},[52,89255,89257,36383],{"id":89256},"sep-argument",[15,89258,89229],{},[20,89260,1711,89261,89263],{},[15,89262,89229],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89265,89266],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[258,89268,89270],{"id":89269},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[57,89272,89274],{"className":59,"code":89273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89275,89276],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89277,89278,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89279,138],{"class":137},[66,89281,110],{"class":102},[66,89283,113],{"class":80},[66,89285,1392],{"class":84},[66,89287,113],{"class":80},[66,89289,121],{"class":102},[66,89291,81],{"class":80},[66,89293,17217],{"class":84},[66,89295,113],{"class":80},[66,89297,121],{"class":102},[66,89299,81],{"class":80},[66,89301,1401],{"class":84},[66,89303,113],{"class":80},[66,89305,131],{"class":102},[20,89307,148],{},[57,89309,89311],{"className":59,"code":89310,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red green blue\n",[15,89312,89313],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89314,89315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89316,89310],{"class":72},[258,89318,89320],{"id":89319},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[57,89322,89324],{"className":59,"code":89323,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89325,89326,89369],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89327,89328,89330,89332,89334,89336,89338,89340,89342,89344,89346,89348,89350,89352,89354,89356,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89329,138],{"class":137},[66,89331,110],{"class":102},[66,89333,113],{"class":80},[66,89335,1392],{"class":84},[66,89337,113],{"class":80},[66,89339,121],{"class":102},[66,89341,81],{"class":80},[66,89343,17217],{"class":84},[66,89345,113],{"class":80},[66,89347,121],{"class":102},[66,89349,81],{"class":80},[66,89351,1401],{"class":84},[66,89353,113],{"class":80},[66,89355,121],{"class":102},[66,89357,89358],{"class":8936}," sep",[66,89360,77],{"class":76},[66,89362,113],{"class":80},[66,89364,121],{"class":84},[66,89366,113],{"class":80},[66,89368,131],{"class":102},[66,89370,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405,89408,89410],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89372,138],{"class":137},[66,89374,110],{"class":102},[66,89376,113],{"class":80},[66,89378,1392],{"class":84},[66,89380,113],{"class":80},[66,89382,121],{"class":102},[66,89384,81],{"class":80},[66,89386,17217],{"class":84},[66,89388,113],{"class":80},[66,89390,121],{"class":102},[66,89392,81],{"class":80},[66,89394,1401],{"class":84},[66,89396,113],{"class":80},[66,89398,121],{"class":102},[66,89400,89358],{"class":8936},[66,89402,77],{"class":76},[66,89404,113],{"class":80},[66,89406,89407],{"class":84}," - ",[66,89409,113],{"class":80},[66,89411,131],{"class":102},[20,89413,148],{},[57,89415,89417],{"className":59,"code":89416,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89418,89419,89431],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89420,89421,89423,89425,89427,89429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89422,1392],{"class":72},[66,89424,121],{"class":102},[66,89426,17217],{"class":72},[66,89428,121],{"class":102},[66,89430,69745],{"class":72},[66,89432,89433,89436,89438,89441,89443],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89434,89435],{"class":72},"red ",[66,89437,1753],{"class":76},[66,89439,89440],{"class":72}," green ",[66,89442,1753],{"class":76},[66,89444,35647],{"class":72},[20,89446,89447,89449],{},[15,89448,89229],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89451,89452,89453,103],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[200,89454,89456],{"href":89455},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[52,89458,89460,36383],{"id":89459},"end-argument",[15,89461,52428],{},[20,89463,411,89464,89466,89467,89469],{},[15,89465,46219],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89468,46219],{}," starts on a new line.",[258,89471,89270],{"id":89472},"default-behavior-1",[57,89474,89476],{"className":59,"code":89475,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89477,89478,89492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89479,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488,89490],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89481,138],{"class":137},[66,89483,110],{"class":102},[66,89485,113],{"class":80},[66,89487,1296],{"class":84},[66,89489,113],{"class":80},[66,89491,131],{"class":102},[66,89493,89494,89496,89498,89500,89503,89505],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89495,138],{"class":137},[66,89497,110],{"class":102},[66,89499,113],{"class":80},[66,89501,89502],{"class":84},"World",[66,89504,113],{"class":80},[66,89506,131],{"class":102},[20,89508,148],{},[57,89510,89512],{"className":59,"code":89511,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89513,89514,89518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89515,89516],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89517,1335],{"class":72},[66,89519,89520],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89521,89522],{"class":72},"World\n",[258,89524,89526],{"id":89525},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[57,89528,89530],{"className":59,"code":89529,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89531,89532,89554],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89533,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550,89552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89535,138],{"class":137},[66,89537,110],{"class":102},[66,89539,113],{"class":80},[66,89541,1296],{"class":84},[66,89543,113],{"class":80},[66,89545,121],{"class":102},[66,89547,64804],{"class":8936},[66,89549,77],{"class":76},[66,89551,6024],{"class":80},[66,89553,131],{"class":102},[66,89555,89556,89558,89560,89562,89564,89566],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89557,138],{"class":137},[66,89559,110],{"class":102},[66,89561,113],{"class":80},[66,89563,89502],{"class":84},[66,89565,113],{"class":80},[66,89567,131],{"class":102},[20,89569,148],{},[57,89571,89573],{"className":59,"code":89572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89574,89575],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89576,89577],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89578,89572],{"class":72},[258,89580,89582],{"id":89581},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[57,89584,89586],{"className":59,"code":89585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89587,89588,89617],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89589,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89611,89613,89615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89591,138],{"class":137},[66,89593,110],{"class":102},[66,89595,113],{"class":80},[66,89597,1296],{"class":84},[66,89599,113],{"class":80},[66,89601,121],{"class":102},[66,89603,64804],{"class":8936},[66,89605,77],{"class":76},[66,89607,113],{"class":80},[66,89609,89610],{"class":84},"!",[66,89612,86917],{"class":879},[66,89614,113],{"class":80},[66,89616,131],{"class":102},[66,89618,89619,89621,89623,89625,89627,89629],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89620,138],{"class":137},[66,89622,110],{"class":102},[66,89624,113],{"class":80},[66,89626,89502],{"class":84},[66,89628,113],{"class":80},[66,89630,131],{"class":102},[20,89632,148],{},[57,89634,89636],{"className":59,"code":89635,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89637,89638,89643],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89639,89640],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89641,89642],{"class":72},"Hello!\n",[66,89644,89645],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89646,89522],{"class":72},[20,89648,1711,89649,89651],{},[15,89650,52428],{}," argument is useful for:",[33,89653,89654,89657,89660],{},[36,89655,89656],{},"progress messages",[36,89658,89659],{},"inline output",[36,89661,89662],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[52,89664,89666,2131,89668],{"id":89665},"print-returns-none",[15,89667,46219],{},[15,89669,3528],{},[20,89671,89672,89673,89675],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89674,46219],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89677,923],{},[57,89679,89681],{"className":59,"code":89680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89682,89683,89702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89684,89685,89687,89689,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89686,447],{"class":72},[66,89688,77],{"class":76},[66,89690,89691],{"class":137}," print",[66,89693,110],{"class":102},[66,89695,113],{"class":80},[66,89697,1325],{"class":84},[66,89699,113],{"class":80},[66,89701,131],{"class":102},[66,89703,89704,89706,89708,89710],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89705,138],{"class":137},[66,89707,110],{"class":102},[66,89709,494],{"class":106},[66,89711,131],{"class":102},[20,89713,148],{},[57,89715,89717],{"className":59,"code":89716,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89718,89719,89724],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89720,89721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89722,89723],{"class":72},"Hi\n",[66,89725,89726],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89727,11570],{"class":3602},[20,89729,89730],{},"Why does this happen?",[33,89732,89733,89741,89746],{},[36,89734,89735,89738,89739],{},[15,89736,89737],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89740,1325],{},[36,89742,89743,89744],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89745,3528],{},[36,89747,89748,89749,11682,89751],{},"so ",[15,89750,494],{},[15,89752,3528],{},[20,89754,89755,89756,89758],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89757,46219],{}," call.",[57,89760,89762],{"className":59,"code":89761,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89763,89764,89777],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89765,89766,89769,89771,89773,89775],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89767,89768],{"class":72},"message ",[66,89770,77],{"class":76},[66,89772,81],{"class":80},[66,89774,1325],{"class":84},[66,89776,88],{"class":80},[66,89778,89779,89781,89783,89786],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89780,138],{"class":137},[66,89782,110],{"class":102},[66,89784,89785],{"class":106},"message",[66,89787,131],{"class":102},[20,89789,89790,89791,89793,89794,89798],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89792,46219],{}," with functions like ",[200,89795,89796],{"href":7977},[15,89797,2698],{},", which do return a value.",[52,89800,89802,89803],{"id":89801},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89804,46219],{},[20,89806,89807,89808,89810],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89809,46219],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[33,89812,89813,89816,89819,89822],{},[36,89814,89815],{},"to display results to the user",[36,89817,89818],{},"to show messages in a script",[36,89820,89821],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[36,89823,89824],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89826,923],{},[57,89828,89830],{"className":59,"code":89829,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89831,89832,89840,89844,89864,89875],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89833,89834,89836,89838],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89835,40950],{"class":72},[66,89837,77],{"class":76},[66,89839,38279],{"class":478},[66,89841,89842],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89843,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,89845,89846,89848,89850,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,89847,5710],{"class":3627},[66,89849,6139],{"class":72},[66,89851,3634],{"class":3627},[66,89853,53838],{"class":137},[66,89855,110],{"class":102},[66,89857,2729],{"class":478},[66,89859,121],{"class":102},[66,89861,2192],{"class":478},[66,89863,8100],{"class":102},[66,89865,89866,89869,89872],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,89867,89868],{"class":72},"    total ",[66,89870,89871],{"class":76},"+=",[66,89873,89874],{"class":72}," number\n",[66,89876,89877,89879,89881,89883,89886,89888,89890,89892,89894,89896,89898,89900,89902,89904],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,89878,7826],{"class":137},[66,89880,110],{"class":102},[66,89882,113],{"class":80},[66,89884,89885],{"class":84},"Current number:",[66,89887,113],{"class":80},[66,89889,121],{"class":102},[66,89891,1931],{"class":106},[66,89893,121],{"class":102},[66,89895,81],{"class":80},[66,89897,45330],{"class":84},[66,89899,113],{"class":80},[66,89901,121],{"class":102},[66,89903,45337],{"class":106},[66,89905,131],{"class":102},[20,89907,148],{},[57,89909,89911],{"className":59,"code":89910,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89912,89913,89929,89943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89914,89915,89918,89920,89922,89925,89927],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89916,89917],{"class":72},"Current number",[66,89919,1111],{"class":102},[66,89921,479],{"class":478},[66,89923,89924],{"class":72}," Total",[66,89926,1111],{"class":102},[66,89928,29381],{"class":478},[66,89930,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,89932,89917],{"class":72},[66,89934,1111],{"class":102},[66,89936,561],{"class":478},[66,89938,89924],{"class":72},[66,89940,1111],{"class":102},[66,89942,2314],{"class":478},[66,89944,89945,89947,89949,89951,89953,89955],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,89946,89917],{"class":72},[66,89948,1111],{"class":102},[66,89950,2186],{"class":478},[66,89952,89924],{"class":72},[66,89954,1111],{"class":102},[66,89956,89957],{"class":478}," 6\n",[20,89959,89960,89961,103],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[200,89962,89964],{"href":89963},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[52,89966,2568],{"id":2567},[20,89968,89969,89970,103],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89971,46219],{},[258,89973,89975],{"id":89974},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89977,89978],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[57,89980,89982],{"className":59,"code":89981,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89983,89984],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89985,89986,89988,89990,89992],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89987,138],{"class":137},[66,89989,110],{"class":102},[66,89991,1296],{"class":106},[66,89993,131],{"class":102},[20,89995,8635,89996,89998],{},[15,89997,1296],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90000,1209],{},[57,90002,90004],{"className":59,"code":90003,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90005,90006],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90007,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90009,138],{"class":137},[66,90011,110],{"class":102},[66,90013,113],{"class":80},[66,90015,1296],{"class":84},[66,90017,113],{"class":80},[66,90019,131],{"class":102},[258,90021,8176,90023,90025],{"id":90022},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90024,138],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90027,90028],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[57,90030,90032],{"className":59,"code":90031,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90033,90034],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90035,90036,90038,90040,90042],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90037,138],{"class":137},[66,90039,81],{"class":80},[66,90041,1296],{"class":84},[66,90043,88],{"class":80},[20,90045,1209],{},[57,90047,90048],{"className":59,"code":90003,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,90049,90050],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90051,90052,90054,90056,90058,90060,90062],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90053,138],{"class":137},[66,90055,110],{"class":102},[66,90057,113],{"class":80},[66,90059,1296],{"class":84},[66,90061,113],{"class":80},[66,90063,131],{"class":102},[258,90065,90067,90068],{"id":90066},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90069,1791],{},[20,90071,90072,90073,103],{},"This causes a ",[15,90074,2746],{},[57,90076,90077],{"className":59,"code":89167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,90078,90079,90087],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90080,90081,90083,90085],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90082,21392],{"class":72},[66,90084,77],{"class":76},[66,90086,2324],{"class":478},[66,90088,90089,90091,90093,90095,90097,90099,90101,90103],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,90090,138],{"class":137},[66,90092,110],{"class":102},[66,90094,113],{"class":80},[66,90096,89188],{"class":84},[66,90098,113],{"class":80},[66,90100,2189],{"class":76},[66,90102,8949],{"class":106},[66,90104,131],{"class":102},[20,90106,90107],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[57,90109,90111],{"className":59,"code":90110,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90112,90113],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90114,90115,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127,90129],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90116,138],{"class":137},[66,90118,110],{"class":102},[66,90120,113],{"class":80},[66,90122,89089],{"class":84},[66,90124,113],{"class":80},[66,90126,121],{"class":102},[66,90128,8949],{"class":106},[66,90130,131],{"class":102},[20,90132,90133],{},"Or convert the number first:",[57,90135,90137],{"className":59,"code":90136,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90138,90139],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90140,90141,90143,90145,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90142,138],{"class":137},[66,90144,110],{"class":102},[66,90146,113],{"class":80},[66,90148,89188],{"class":84},[66,90150,113],{"class":80},[66,90152,2189],{"class":76},[66,90154,48672],{"class":2641},[66,90156,110],{"class":102},[66,90158,9060],{"class":106},[66,90160,1330],{"class":102},[20,90162,90163,90164,103],{},"If you see this error, read ",[200,90165,90167],{"href":90166},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[258,90169,1119,90171,90173],{"id":90170},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90172,46219],{}," to return a value",[20,90175,90176,90177,35095,90179,1111],{},"This does not store ",[15,90178,1350],{},[15,90180,494],{},[57,90182,90184],{"className":59,"code":90183,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90185,90186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90187,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90189,447],{"class":72},[66,90191,77],{"class":76},[66,90193,89691],{"class":137},[66,90195,110],{"class":102},[66,90197,113],{"class":80},[66,90199,1296],{"class":84},[66,90201,113],{"class":80},[66,90203,131],{"class":102},[20,90205,90206,90207,103],{},"It stores ",[15,90208,3528],{},[258,90210,90212,90213,798,90215],{"id":90211},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90214,89229],{},[15,90216,52428],{},[20,90218,85576],{},[33,90220,90221,90230],{},[36,90222,90223,90225,90226,90229],{},[15,90224,89229],{}," changes what goes ",[398,90227,90228],{},"between"," multiple values",[36,90231,90232,90234,90235,90238],{},[15,90233,52428],{}," changes what appears ",[398,90236,90237],{},"after"," the output",[52,90240,90242],{"id":90241},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90244,90245,90246,90248],{},"These simple ",[15,90247,46219],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[57,90250,90252],{"className":59,"code":90251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90253,90254,90274,90289],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90255,90256,90258,90260,90262,90265,90267,90269,90272],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90257,138],{"class":137},[66,90259,110],{"class":102},[66,90261,113],{"class":80},[66,90263,90264],{"class":84},"Debug:",[66,90266,113],{"class":80},[66,90268,121],{"class":102},[66,90270,90271],{"class":106}," variable_name",[66,90273,131],{"class":102},[66,90275,90276,90278,90280,90282,90284,90287],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,90277,138],{"class":137},[66,90279,110],{"class":102},[66,90281,2964],{"class":2641},[66,90283,110],{"class":102},[66,90285,90286],{"class":106},"variable_name",[66,90288,1330],{"class":102},[66,90290,90291,90293,90295,90297],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,90292,31920],{"class":137},[66,90294,110],{"class":102},[66,90296,138],{"class":137},[66,90298,131],{"class":102},[20,90300,90301],{},"What they do:",[33,90303,90304,90310,90316],{},[36,90305,90306,90309],{},[15,90307,90308],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[36,90311,90312,90315],{},[15,90313,90314],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[36,90317,90318,90321,90322],{},[15,90319,90320],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90323,46219],{},[52,90325,1518],{"id":1517},[258,90327,1522,90329,90331],{"id":90328},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90330,46219],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90333,90334,90335,90337,90338,420],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90336,46219],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90339,52428],{},[258,90341,1573,90343,90345],{"id":90342},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90344,46219],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90347,90348,90349,90351],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90350,46219],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[258,90353,4913,90355,4916,90358,2228],{"id":90354},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90356,90357],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90359,3528],{},[20,90361,28827,90362,90364],{},[15,90363,46219],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[258,90366,90368],{"id":90367},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90370,90371],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[57,90373,90375],{"className":59,"code":90374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90376,90377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90378,90379,90381,90383,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90380,138],{"class":137},[66,90382,110],{"class":102},[66,90384,113],{"class":80},[66,90386,89089],{"class":84},[66,90388,113],{"class":80},[66,90390,121],{"class":102},[66,90392,5757],{"class":478},[66,90394,131],{"class":102},[20,90396,90397,90398,39696],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90399,47451],{},[258,90401,4934,90403,798,90405,2228],{"id":90402},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90404,89229],{},[15,90406,52428],{},[33,90408,90409,90414],{},[36,90410,90411,90413],{},[15,90412,89229],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[36,90415,90416,90418],{},[15,90417,52428],{}," changes what appears after the output",[52,90420,1620],{"id":1619},[33,90422,90423,90427,90433,90439,90444,90449],{},[36,90424,90425],{},[200,90426,50743],{"href":202},[36,90428,90429],{},[200,90430,3321,90431,3254],{"href":7977},[15,90432,2698],{},[36,90434,90435],{},[200,90436,3321,90437,3254],{"href":41941},[15,90438,47451],{},[36,90440,90441],{},[200,90442,90443],{"href":89455},"How to format strings in Python",[36,90445,90446],{},[200,90447,90448],{"href":89963},"How to debug Python code",[36,90450,90451],{},[200,90452,90167],{"href":90166},[1651,90454,90455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":90457},[90458,90459,90461,90462,90468,90469,90470,90475,90481,90483,90485,90496,90497,90508],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":88634,"depth":91,"text":90460},"What print() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":88869,"depth":91,"text":88870,"children":90463},[90464,90465,90466,90467],{"id":88878,"depth":134,"text":88879},{"id":88919,"depth":134,"text":88920},{"id":88951,"depth":134,"text":88952},{"id":88978,"depth":134,"text":88979},{"id":89020,"depth":91,"text":89021},{"id":89216,"depth":91,"text":89217},{"id":89256,"depth":91,"text":90471,"children":90472},"sep argument",[90473,90474],{"id":89269,"depth":134,"text":89270},{"id":89319,"depth":134,"text":89320},{"id":89459,"depth":91,"text":90476,"children":90477},"end argument",[90478,90479,90480],{"id":89472,"depth":134,"text":89270},{"id":89525,"depth":134,"text":89526},{"id":89581,"depth":134,"text":89582},{"id":89665,"depth":91,"text":90482},"print() returns None",{"id":89801,"depth":91,"text":90484},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":90486},[90487,90488,90490,90492,90494],{"id":89974,"depth":134,"text":89975},{"id":90022,"depth":134,"text":90489},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90066,"depth":134,"text":90491},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90170,"depth":134,"text":90493},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90211,"depth":134,"text":90495},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90241,"depth":91,"text":90242},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":90498},[90499,90501,90503,90505,90506],{"id":90328,"depth":134,"text":90500},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90342,"depth":134,"text":90502},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90354,"depth":134,"text":90504},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90367,"depth":134,"text":90368},{"id":90402,"depth":134,"text":90507},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88517,"description":90509},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90516,"title":90517,"body":90518,"description":92822,"extension":1694,"meta":92823,"navigation":338,"path":92824,"seo":92825,"stem":92826,"__hash__":92827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90519,"toc":92768},[90520,90525,90530,90543,90545,90610,90621,90626,90631,90633,90656,90659,90690,90692,90709,90714,90720,90725,90774,90777,90794,90800,90805,90828,90830,90858,90864,90872,90899,90901,90926,90932,90935,90966,90968,90997,91001,91004,91009,91031,91033,91061,91067,91073,91099,91101,91125,91131,91137,91167,91169,91197,91207,91211,91217,91250,91252,91281,91284,91287,91320,91322,91330,91336,91338,91361,91366,91375,91380,91394,91396,91436,91438,91468,91472,91507,91513,91517,91561,91563,91593,91599,91602,91681,91683,91705,91713,91716,91779,91787,91862,91868,91875,91880,91885,91908,91910,91931,91933,91946,91948,91995,91997,92036,92045,92047,92051,92055,92058,92085,92088,92117,92120,92144,92147,92155,92161,92183,92185,92213,92217,92222,92277,92282,92284,92341,92348,92357,92360,92392,92394,92402,92405,92411,92413,92436,92439,92445,92448,92467,92469,92488,92491,92513,92515,92543,92547,92551,92656,92658,92671,92673,92679,92682,92690,92695,92701,92707,92712,92720,92726,92733,92735,92765],[10,90521,3321,90523,3325],{"id":90522},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90524,35965],{},[20,90526,32085,90527,90529],{},[15,90528,35965],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90531,90532,90533,90535,90536,90538,90539,90542],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90534,5710],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90537,35965],{}," stops ",[398,90540,90541],{},"before"," the end value.",[52,90544,55],{"id":54},[57,90546,90548],{"className":59,"code":90547,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90549,90550,90566,90576,90580,90585,90590,90595,90600,90605],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90551,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560,90562,90564],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90553,5710],{"class":3627},[66,90555,69312],{"class":72},[66,90557,3634],{"class":3627},[66,90559,53838],{"class":137},[66,90561,110],{"class":102},[66,90563,1869],{"class":478},[66,90565,8100],{"class":102},[66,90567,90568,90570,90572,90574],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,90569,7826],{"class":137},[66,90571,110],{"class":102},[66,90573,35921],{"class":106},[66,90575,131],{"class":102},[66,90577,90578],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,90579,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,90581,90582],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,90583,90584],{"class":3413},"# Output:\n",[66,90586,90587],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,90588,90589],{"class":3413},"# 0\n",[66,90591,90592],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,90593,90594],{"class":3413},"# 1\n",[66,90596,90597],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,90598,90599],{"class":3413},"# 2\n",[66,90601,90602],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,90603,90604],{"class":3413},"# 3\n",[66,90606,90607],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,90608,90609],{"class":3413},"# 4\n",[20,90611,90612,90615,90616,90618,90619,103],{},[15,90613,90614],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90617,1852],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90620,1869],{},[52,90622,168,90624,41],{"id":90623},"what-range-does",[15,90625,35965],{},[20,90627,90628,90630],{},[15,90629,35965],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90632,178],{},[33,90634,90635,90640,90646,90651],{},[36,90636,90637,90639],{},[15,90638,35965],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[36,90641,90642,90643,90645],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90644,5710],{}," loops",[36,90647,90648,90649],{},"The stop value is ",[398,90650,64833],{},[36,90652,17183,90653,90655],{},[15,90654,59767],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90657,90658],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[57,90660,90662],{"className":59,"code":90661,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90663,90664,90680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90665,90666,90668,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90667,5710],{"class":3627},[66,90669,6139],{"class":72},[66,90671,3634],{"class":3627},[66,90673,53838],{"class":137},[66,90675,110],{"class":102},[66,90677,1794],{"class":478},[66,90679,8100],{"class":102},[66,90681,90682,90684,90686,90688],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,90683,7826],{"class":137},[66,90685,110],{"class":102},[66,90687,1973],{"class":106},[66,90689,131],{"class":102},[20,90691,148],{},[57,90693,90695],{"className":59,"code":90694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90696,90697,90701,90705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90698,90699],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90700,47019],{"class":478},[66,90702,90703],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,90704,46684],{"class":478},[66,90706,90707],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,90708,16819],{"class":478},[20,90710,90711,90712,103],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[200,90713,35795],{"href":35794},[52,90715,90717,90719],{"id":90716},"range-syntax",[15,90718,35965],{}," syntax",[20,90721,90722,90724],{},[15,90723,35965],{}," has three common forms:",[57,90726,90728],{"className":59,"code":90727,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90729,90730,90740,90755],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90731,90732,90734,90736,90738],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90733,59767],{"class":137},[66,90735,110],{"class":102},[66,90737,75190],{"class":106},[66,90739,131],{"class":102},[66,90741,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90753],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,90743,59767],{"class":137},[66,90745,110],{"class":102},[66,90747,35839],{"class":106},[66,90749,121],{"class":102},[66,90751,90752],{"class":106}," stop",[66,90754,131],{"class":102},[66,90756,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765,90767,90769,90772],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,90758,59767],{"class":137},[66,90760,110],{"class":102},[66,90762,35839],{"class":106},[66,90764,121],{"class":102},[66,90766,90752],{"class":106},[66,90768,121],{"class":102},[66,90770,90771],{"class":106}," step",[66,90773,131],{"class":102},[20,90775,90776],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[33,90778,90779,90784,90789],{},[36,90780,90781,90783],{},[15,90782,35839],{}," = first number",[36,90785,90786,90788],{},[15,90787,75190],{}," = end limit, not included",[36,90790,90791,90793],{},[15,90792,75193],{}," = amount to move each time",[258,90795,90797],{"id":90796},"rangestop",[15,90798,90799],{},"range(stop)",[20,90801,90802,90803,103],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90804,1852],{},[57,90806,90808],{"className":59,"code":90807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90809,90810],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90811,90812,90814,90816,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90813,138],{"class":137},[66,90815,110],{"class":102},[66,90817,7851],{"class":2641},[66,90819,110],{"class":102},[66,90821,59767],{"class":137},[66,90823,110],{"class":102},[66,90825,1869],{"class":478},[66,90827,2652],{"class":102},[20,90829,148],{},[57,90831,90832],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,90833,90834],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90835,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90837,3652],{"class":102},[66,90839,1852],{"class":478},[66,90841,121],{"class":102},[66,90843,479],{"class":478},[66,90845,121],{"class":102},[66,90847,561],{"class":478},[66,90849,121],{"class":102},[66,90851,2186],{"class":478},[66,90853,121],{"class":102},[66,90855,2192],{"class":478},[66,90857,3383],{"class":102},[258,90859,90861],{"id":90860},"rangestart-stop",[15,90862,90863],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90865,90866,90867,90869,90870,103],{},"This starts at ",[15,90868,35839],{}," and stops before ",[15,90871,75190],{},[57,90873,90875],{"className":59,"code":90874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90876,90877],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90878,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90880,138],{"class":137},[66,90882,110],{"class":102},[66,90884,7851],{"class":2641},[66,90886,110],{"class":102},[66,90888,59767],{"class":137},[66,90890,110],{"class":102},[66,90892,1788],{"class":478},[66,90894,121],{"class":102},[66,90896,37409],{"class":478},[66,90898,2652],{"class":102},[20,90900,148],{},[57,90902,90904],{"className":59,"code":90903,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90905,90906],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90907,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90909,3652],{"class":102},[66,90911,1788],{"class":478},[66,90913,121],{"class":102},[66,90915,2186],{"class":478},[66,90917,121],{"class":102},[66,90919,2192],{"class":478},[66,90921,121],{"class":102},[66,90923,4357],{"class":478},[66,90925,3383],{"class":102},[258,90927,90929],{"id":90928},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90930,90931],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90933,90934],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[57,90936,90938],{"className":59,"code":90937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90939,90940],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90941,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90943,138],{"class":137},[66,90945,110],{"class":102},[66,90947,7851],{"class":2641},[66,90949,110],{"class":102},[66,90951,59767],{"class":137},[66,90953,110],{"class":102},[66,90955,2729],{"class":478},[66,90957,121],{"class":102},[66,90959,5757],{"class":478},[66,90961,121],{"class":102},[66,90963,561],{"class":478},[66,90965,2652],{"class":102},[20,90967,148],{},[57,90969,90971],{"className":59,"code":90970,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90972,90973],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90974,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90976,3652],{"class":102},[66,90978,2729],{"class":478},[66,90980,121],{"class":102},[66,90982,2186],{"class":478},[66,90984,121],{"class":102},[66,90986,4357],{"class":478},[66,90988,121],{"class":102},[66,90990,5746],{"class":478},[66,90992,121],{"class":102},[66,90994,53904],{"class":478},[66,90996,3383],{"class":102},[52,90998,91000],{"id":90999},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91002,91003],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[258,91005,91007],{"id":91006},"range5",[15,91008,90614],{},[57,91010,91011],{"className":59,"code":90807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91012,91013],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91014,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91016,138],{"class":137},[66,91018,110],{"class":102},[66,91020,7851],{"class":2641},[66,91022,110],{"class":102},[66,91024,59767],{"class":137},[66,91026,110],{"class":102},[66,91028,1869],{"class":478},[66,91030,2652],{"class":102},[20,91032,148],{},[57,91034,91035],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91036,91037],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91038,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91040,3652],{"class":102},[66,91042,1852],{"class":478},[66,91044,121],{"class":102},[66,91046,479],{"class":478},[66,91048,121],{"class":102},[66,91050,561],{"class":478},[66,91052,121],{"class":102},[66,91054,2186],{"class":478},[66,91056,121],{"class":102},[66,91058,2192],{"class":478},[66,91060,3383],{"class":102},[20,91062,90866,91063,90869,91065,103],{},[15,91064,1852],{},[15,91066,1869],{},[258,91068,91070],{"id":91069},"range2-6",[15,91071,91072],{},"range(2, 6)",[57,91074,91075],{"className":59,"code":90874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91076,91077],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91078,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91080,138],{"class":137},[66,91082,110],{"class":102},[66,91084,7851],{"class":2641},[66,91086,110],{"class":102},[66,91088,59767],{"class":137},[66,91090,110],{"class":102},[66,91092,1788],{"class":478},[66,91094,121],{"class":102},[66,91096,37409],{"class":478},[66,91098,2652],{"class":102},[20,91100,148],{},[57,91102,91103],{"className":59,"code":90903,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91104,91105],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91106,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91108,3652],{"class":102},[66,91110,1788],{"class":478},[66,91112,121],{"class":102},[66,91114,2186],{"class":478},[66,91116,121],{"class":102},[66,91118,2192],{"class":478},[66,91120,121],{"class":102},[66,91122,4357],{"class":478},[66,91124,3383],{"class":102},[20,91126,90866,91127,90869,91129,103],{},[15,91128,1788],{},[15,91130,80358],{},[258,91132,91134],{"id":91133},"range1-10-2",[15,91135,91136],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[57,91138,91139],{"className":59,"code":90937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91140,91141],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91142,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91144,138],{"class":137},[66,91146,110],{"class":102},[66,91148,7851],{"class":2641},[66,91150,110],{"class":102},[66,91152,59767],{"class":137},[66,91154,110],{"class":102},[66,91156,2729],{"class":478},[66,91158,121],{"class":102},[66,91160,5757],{"class":478},[66,91162,121],{"class":102},[66,91164,561],{"class":478},[66,91166,2652],{"class":102},[20,91168,148],{},[57,91170,91171],{"className":59,"code":90970,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91172,91173],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91174,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91176,3652],{"class":102},[66,91178,2729],{"class":478},[66,91180,121],{"class":102},[66,91182,2186],{"class":478},[66,91184,121],{"class":102},[66,91186,4357],{"class":478},[66,91188,121],{"class":102},[66,91190,5746],{"class":478},[66,91192,121],{"class":102},[66,91194,53904],{"class":478},[66,91196,3383],{"class":102},[20,91198,91199,91200,91202,91203,61065,91205,103],{},"This moves by ",[15,91201,1788],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91204,2729],{},[15,91206,1877],{},[258,91208,91210],{"id":91209},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91212,91213,91214,91216],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91215,35965],{}," count backward.",[57,91218,91220],{"className":59,"code":91219,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91221,91222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91223,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91225,138],{"class":137},[66,91227,110],{"class":102},[66,91229,7851],{"class":2641},[66,91231,110],{"class":102},[66,91233,59767],{"class":137},[66,91235,110],{"class":102},[66,91237,1869],{"class":478},[66,91239,121],{"class":102},[66,91241,3584],{"class":478},[66,91243,121],{"class":102},[66,91245,1956],{"class":76},[66,91247,2729],{"class":478},[66,91249,2652],{"class":102},[20,91251,148],{},[57,91253,91255],{"className":59,"code":91254,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91256,91257],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91258,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91260,3652],{"class":102},[66,91262,1869],{"class":478},[66,91264,121],{"class":102},[66,91266,2192],{"class":478},[66,91268,121],{"class":102},[66,91270,2186],{"class":478},[66,91272,121],{"class":102},[66,91274,561],{"class":478},[66,91276,121],{"class":102},[66,91278,479],{"class":478},[66,91280,3383],{"class":102},[20,91282,91283],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91285,91286],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[57,91288,91290],{"className":59,"code":91289,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91291,91292],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91293,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91295,138],{"class":137},[66,91297,110],{"class":102},[66,91299,7851],{"class":2641},[66,91301,110],{"class":102},[66,91303,59767],{"class":137},[66,91305,110],{"class":102},[66,91307,2729],{"class":478},[66,91309,121],{"class":102},[66,91311,4357],{"class":478},[66,91313,121],{"class":102},[66,91315,1956],{"class":76},[66,91317,2729],{"class":478},[66,91319,2652],{"class":102},[20,91321,148],{},[57,91323,91324],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91325,91326],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91327,91328],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91329,38063],{"class":102},[258,91331,91332,76353,91334],{"id":76577},[15,91333,75193],{},[15,91335,1852],{},[20,91337,2575],{},[57,91339,91341],{"className":59,"code":91340,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91342,91343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91344,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91346,59767],{"class":137},[66,91348,110],{"class":102},[66,91350,2729],{"class":478},[66,91352,121],{"class":102},[66,91354,4357],{"class":478},[66,91356,121],{"class":102},[66,91358,3584],{"class":478},[66,91360,131],{"class":102},[20,91362,76622,91363,91365],{},[15,91364,40471],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[52,91367,8176,91369,91371,91372,91374],{"id":91368},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91370,35965],{}," in a ",[15,91373,5710],{}," loop",[20,91376,91377,91379],{},[15,91378,35965],{}," is most useful when:",[33,91381,91382,91385,91388],{},[36,91383,91384],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[36,91386,91387],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[36,91389,91390,91391],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91392,91393],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91395,923],{},[57,91397,91399],{"className":59,"code":91398,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91400,91401,91417],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91402,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91404,5710],{"class":3627},[66,91406,69312],{"class":72},[66,91408,3634],{"class":3627},[66,91410,53838],{"class":137},[66,91412,110],{"class":102},[66,91414,1794],{"class":478},[66,91416,8100],{"class":102},[66,91418,91419,91421,91423,91425,91428,91430,91432,91434],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91420,7826],{"class":137},[66,91422,110],{"class":102},[66,91424,113],{"class":80},[66,91426,91427],{"class":84},"Loop number:",[66,91429,113],{"class":80},[66,91431,121],{"class":102},[66,91433,35896],{"class":106},[66,91435,131],{"class":102},[20,91437,148],{},[57,91439,91441],{"className":59,"code":91440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91442,91443,91452,91460],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91444,91445,91448,91450],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91446,91447],{"class":72},"Loop number",[66,91449,1111],{"class":102},[66,91451,38279],{"class":478},[66,91453,91454,91456,91458],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91455,91447],{"class":72},[66,91457,1111],{"class":102},[66,91459,29381],{"class":478},[66,91461,91462,91464,91466],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,91463,91447],{"class":72},[66,91465,1111],{"class":102},[66,91467,45356],{"class":478},[258,91469,91471],{"id":91470},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[57,91473,91475],{"className":59,"code":91474,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91476,91477,91493],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91478,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91480,5710],{"class":3627},[66,91482,69312],{"class":72},[66,91484,3634],{"class":3627},[66,91486,53838],{"class":137},[66,91488,110],{"class":102},[66,91490,1869],{"class":478},[66,91492,8100],{"class":102},[66,91494,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91496,7826],{"class":137},[66,91498,110],{"class":102},[66,91500,113],{"class":80},[66,91502,1296],{"class":84},[66,91504,113],{"class":80},[66,91506,131],{"class":102},[20,91508,91509,91510,91512],{},"This prints ",[15,91511,1350],{}," five times.",[258,91514,91516],{"id":91515},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[57,91518,91520],{"className":59,"code":91519,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91521,91522,91542],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91523,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91525,5710],{"class":3627},[66,91527,69312],{"class":72},[66,91529,3634],{"class":3627},[66,91531,53838],{"class":137},[66,91533,110],{"class":102},[66,91535,2729],{"class":478},[66,91537,121],{"class":102},[66,91539,2192],{"class":478},[66,91541,8100],{"class":102},[66,91543,91544,91546,91548,91550,91553,91555,91557,91559],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91545,7826],{"class":137},[66,91547,110],{"class":102},[66,91549,113],{"class":80},[66,91551,91552],{"class":84},"Current number is",[66,91554,113],{"class":80},[66,91556,121],{"class":102},[66,91558,35896],{"class":106},[66,91560,131],{"class":102},[20,91562,148],{},[57,91564,91566],{"className":59,"code":91565,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91567,91568,91577,91585],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91569,91570,91573,91575],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91571,91572],{"class":72},"Current number ",[66,91574,11956],{"class":76},[66,91576,29381],{"class":478},[66,91578,91579,91581,91583],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91580,91572],{"class":72},[66,91582,11956],{"class":76},[66,91584,45356],{"class":478},[66,91586,91587,91589,91591],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,91588,91572],{"class":72},[66,91590,11956],{"class":76},[66,91592,2314],{"class":478},[258,91594,91596,91598],{"id":91595},"range-and-indexing",[15,91597,35965],{}," and indexing",[20,91600,91601],{},"You may see code like this:",[57,91603,91605],{"className":59,"code":91604,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91606,91607,91639,91643,91663],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91608,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91610,7535],{"class":72},[66,91612,77],{"class":76},[66,91614,3370],{"class":102},[66,91616,113],{"class":80},[66,91618,200],{"class":84},[66,91620,113],{"class":80},[66,91622,121],{"class":102},[66,91624,81],{"class":80},[66,91626,4514],{"class":84},[66,91628,113],{"class":80},[66,91630,121],{"class":102},[66,91632,81],{"class":80},[66,91634,9501],{"class":84},[66,91636,113],{"class":80},[66,91638,3383],{"class":102},[66,91640,91641],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91642,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,91644,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,91646,5710],{"class":3627},[66,91648,69312],{"class":72},[66,91650,3634],{"class":3627},[66,91652,53838],{"class":137},[66,91654,110],{"class":102},[66,91656,10924],{"class":137},[66,91658,110],{"class":102},[66,91660,7566],{"class":106},[66,91662,69327],{"class":102},[66,91664,91665,91667,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677,91679],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,91666,7826],{"class":137},[66,91668,110],{"class":102},[66,91670,35921],{"class":106},[66,91672,121],{"class":102},[66,91674,5718],{"class":106},[66,91676,3652],{"class":102},[66,91678,35921],{"class":106},[66,91680,3640],{"class":102},[20,91682,148],{},[57,91684,91685],{"className":59,"code":35933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91686,91687,91693,91699],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91688,91689,91691],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91690,1852],{"class":478},[66,91692,35942],{"class":72},[66,91694,91695,91697],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91696,2729],{"class":478},[66,91698,35949],{"class":72},[66,91700,91701,91703],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,91702,1788],{"class":478},[66,91704,35956],{"class":72},[20,91706,91707,91708,91712],{},"This works, and it uses ",[200,91709,91710],{"href":42124},[15,91711,42127],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91714,91715],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[57,91717,91719],{"className":59,"code":91718,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91720,91721,91753,91757,91769],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91722,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91724,7535],{"class":72},[66,91726,77],{"class":76},[66,91728,3370],{"class":102},[66,91730,113],{"class":80},[66,91732,200],{"class":84},[66,91734,113],{"class":80},[66,91736,121],{"class":102},[66,91738,81],{"class":80},[66,91740,4514],{"class":84},[66,91742,113],{"class":80},[66,91744,121],{"class":102},[66,91746,81],{"class":80},[66,91748,9501],{"class":84},[66,91750,113],{"class":80},[66,91752,3383],{"class":102},[66,91754,91755],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91756,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,91758,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,91760,5710],{"class":3627},[66,91762,5713],{"class":72},[66,91764,3634],{"class":3627},[66,91766,5718],{"class":72},[66,91768,6146],{"class":102},[66,91770,91771,91773,91775,91777],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,91772,7826],{"class":137},[66,91774,110],{"class":102},[66,91776,23075],{"class":106},[66,91778,131],{"class":102},[20,91780,36360,91781,91786],{},[200,91782,91784],{"href":91783},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91785,35515],{}," is usually a better choice:",[57,91788,91790],{"className":59,"code":91789,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91791,91792,91824,91828,91848],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91793,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91795,7535],{"class":72},[66,91797,77],{"class":76},[66,91799,3370],{"class":102},[66,91801,113],{"class":80},[66,91803,200],{"class":84},[66,91805,113],{"class":80},[66,91807,121],{"class":102},[66,91809,81],{"class":80},[66,91811,4514],{"class":84},[66,91813,113],{"class":80},[66,91815,121],{"class":102},[66,91817,81],{"class":80},[66,91819,9501],{"class":84},[66,91821,113],{"class":80},[66,91823,3383],{"class":102},[66,91825,91826],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91827,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,91829,91830,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,91831,5710],{"class":3627},[66,91833,35587],{"class":72},[66,91835,121],{"class":102},[66,91837,5713],{"class":72},[66,91839,3634],{"class":3627},[66,91841,35597],{"class":137},[66,91843,110],{"class":102},[66,91845,7566],{"class":106},[66,91847,8100],{"class":102},[66,91849,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,91851,7826],{"class":137},[66,91853,110],{"class":102},[66,91855,35612],{"class":106},[66,91857,121],{"class":102},[66,91859,29273],{"class":106},[66,91861,131],{"class":102},[20,91863,78882,91864,103],{},[200,91865,36373,91866,36376],{"href":36372},[15,91867,35515],{},[52,91869,91871,91872,91874],{"id":91870},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91873,35965],{}," to a list",[20,91876,91877,91879],{},[15,91878,35965],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91881,91882,91883,1111],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91884,24546],{},[57,91886,91888],{"className":59,"code":91887,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91889,91890],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91891,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91893,138],{"class":137},[66,91895,110],{"class":102},[66,91897,7851],{"class":2641},[66,91899,110],{"class":102},[66,91901,59767],{"class":137},[66,91903,110],{"class":102},[66,91905,1794],{"class":478},[66,91907,2652],{"class":102},[20,91909,148],{},[57,91911,91913],{"className":59,"code":91912,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91914,91915],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91916,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91918,3652],{"class":102},[66,91920,1852],{"class":478},[66,91922,121],{"class":102},[66,91924,479],{"class":478},[66,91926,121],{"class":102},[66,91928,561],{"class":478},[66,91930,3383],{"class":102},[20,91932,33080],{},[33,91934,91935,91940,91943],{},[36,91936,91937,91938,41851],{},"learning how ",[15,91939,35965],{},[36,91941,91942],{},"checking your values",[36,91944,91945],{},"debugging code",[20,91947,5226],{},[57,91949,91951],{"className":59,"code":91950,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91952,91953,91967,91971,91981],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91954,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91956,3365],{"class":72},[66,91958,77],{"class":76},[66,91960,53838],{"class":137},[66,91962,110],{"class":102},[66,91964,2241],{"class":478},[66,91966,131],{"class":102},[66,91968,91969],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,91970,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,91972,91973,91975,91977,91979],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,91974,138],{"class":137},[66,91976,110],{"class":102},[66,91978,3397],{"class":106},[66,91980,131],{"class":102},[66,91982,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,91984,138],{"class":137},[66,91986,110],{"class":102},[66,91988,7851],{"class":2641},[66,91990,110],{"class":102},[66,91992,3397],{"class":106},[66,91994,1330],{"class":102},[20,91996,148],{},[57,91998,92000],{"className":59,"code":91999,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92001,92002,92016],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92003,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92005,59767],{"class":137},[66,92007,110],{"class":102},[66,92009,1852],{"class":478},[66,92011,121],{"class":102},[66,92013,2192],{"class":478},[66,92015,131],{"class":102},[66,92017,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,92019,3652],{"class":102},[66,92021,1852],{"class":478},[66,92023,121],{"class":102},[66,92025,479],{"class":478},[66,92027,121],{"class":102},[66,92029,561],{"class":478},[66,92031,121],{"class":102},[66,92033,2186],{"class":478},[66,92035,3383],{"class":102},[20,92037,92038,92039,10348,92041,92044],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92040,59767],{},[15,92042,92043],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[52,92046,1105],{"id":1104},[20,92048,33309,92049,103],{},[15,92050,35965],{},[258,92052,92054],{"id":92053},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92056,92057],{},"Many beginners think this:",[57,92059,92061],{"className":59,"code":92060,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92062,92063],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92064,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92066,138],{"class":137},[66,92068,110],{"class":102},[66,92070,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92072,110],{"class":102},[66,92074,59767],{"class":137},[66,92076,110],{"class":102},[66,92078,2729],{"class":478},[66,92080,121],{"class":102},[66,92082,4357],{"class":478},[66,92084,2652],{"class":102},[20,92086,92087],{},"will produce:",[57,92089,92091],{"className":59,"code":92090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92092,92093],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92094,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92096,3652],{"class":102},[66,92098,2729],{"class":478},[66,92100,121],{"class":102},[66,92102,561],{"class":478},[66,92104,121],{"class":102},[66,92106,2186],{"class":478},[66,92108,121],{"class":102},[66,92110,2192],{"class":478},[66,92112,121],{"class":102},[66,92114,4357],{"class":478},[66,92116,3383],{"class":102},[20,92118,92119],{},"But the real output is:",[57,92121,92122],{"className":59,"code":53273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92123,92124],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92125,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92127,3652],{"class":102},[66,92129,2729],{"class":478},[66,92131,121],{"class":102},[66,92133,561],{"class":478},[66,92135,121],{"class":102},[66,92137,2186],{"class":478},[66,92139,121],{"class":102},[66,92141,2192],{"class":478},[66,92143,3383],{"class":102},[20,92145,92146],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[258,92148,4331,92150,92152,92153],{"id":92149},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92151,90614],{}," starts at ",[15,92154,2729],{},[20,92156,37233,92157,18726,92159,103],{},[15,92158,1852],{},[15,92160,2729],{},[57,92162,92163],{"className":59,"code":90807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92164,92165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92166,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92168,138],{"class":137},[66,92170,110],{"class":102},[66,92172,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92174,110],{"class":102},[66,92176,59767],{"class":137},[66,92178,110],{"class":102},[66,92180,1869],{"class":478},[66,92182,2652],{"class":102},[20,92184,148],{},[57,92186,92187],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92188,92189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92192,3652],{"class":102},[66,92194,1852],{"class":478},[66,92196,121],{"class":102},[66,92198,479],{"class":478},[66,92200,121],{"class":102},[66,92202,561],{"class":478},[66,92204,121],{"class":102},[66,92206,2186],{"class":478},[66,92208,121],{"class":102},[66,92210,2192],{"class":478},[66,92212,3383],{"class":102},[258,92214,92216],{"id":92215},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92218,92219,92220,1111],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92221,2698],{},[57,92223,92225],{"className":59,"code":92224,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92226,92227,92246,92250,92267],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92228,92229,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92230,92231],{"class":72},"user_number ",[66,92233,77],{"class":76},[66,92235,8000],{"class":137},[66,92237,110],{"class":102},[66,92239,113],{"class":80},[66,92241,41637],{"class":84},[66,92243,113],{"class":80},[66,92245,131],{"class":102},[66,92247,92248],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,92249,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,92251,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92265],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,92253,5710],{"class":3627},[66,92255,69312],{"class":72},[66,92257,3634],{"class":3627},[66,92259,53838],{"class":137},[66,92261,110],{"class":102},[66,92263,92264],{"class":106},"user_number",[66,92266,8100],{"class":102},[66,92268,92269,92271,92273,92275],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,92270,7826],{"class":137},[66,92272,110],{"class":102},[66,92274,35921],{"class":106},[66,92276,131],{"class":102},[20,92278,48278,92279,92281],{},[15,92280,2698],{}," returns a string.",[20,92283,1209],{},[57,92285,92287],{"className":59,"code":92286,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92288,92289,92311,92315,92331],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92290,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92292,92231],{"class":72},[66,92294,77],{"class":76},[66,92296,45043],{"class":2641},[66,92298,110],{"class":102},[66,92300,42229],{"class":137},[66,92302,110],{"class":102},[66,92304,113],{"class":80},[66,92306,41637],{"class":84},[66,92308,113],{"class":80},[66,92310,1330],{"class":102},[66,92312,92313],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,92314,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,92318,5710],{"class":3627},[66,92320,69312],{"class":72},[66,92322,3634],{"class":3627},[66,92324,53838],{"class":137},[66,92326,110],{"class":102},[66,92328,92264],{"class":106},[66,92330,8100],{"class":102},[66,92332,92333,92335,92337,92339],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,92334,7826],{"class":137},[66,92336,110],{"class":102},[66,92338,35921],{"class":106},[66,92340,131],{"class":102},[20,92342,92343,92344,103],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[200,92345,50291,92346],{"href":50290},[15,92347,50294],{},[258,92349,92351,92352,92354,92355],{"id":92350},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92353,35839],{}," smaller than ",[15,92356,75190],{},[20,92358,92359],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[57,92361,92362],{"className":59,"code":91289,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92363,92364],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92365,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92367,138],{"class":137},[66,92369,110],{"class":102},[66,92371,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92373,110],{"class":102},[66,92375,59767],{"class":137},[66,92377,110],{"class":102},[66,92379,2729],{"class":478},[66,92381,121],{"class":102},[66,92383,4357],{"class":478},[66,92385,121],{"class":102},[66,92387,1956],{"class":76},[66,92389,2729],{"class":478},[66,92391,2652],{"class":102},[20,92393,148],{},[57,92395,92396],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92397,92398],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92399,92400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92401,38063],{"class":102},[20,92403,92404],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[258,92406,25382,92408],{"id":92407},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92409,92410],{},"step = 0",[20,92412,77333],{},[57,92414,92416],{"className":59,"code":92415,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92417,92418],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92419,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92421,59767],{"class":137},[66,92423,110],{"class":102},[66,92425,2729],{"class":478},[66,92427,121],{"class":102},[66,92429,5757],{"class":478},[66,92431,121],{"class":102},[66,92433,3584],{"class":478},[66,92435,131],{"class":102},[20,92437,92438],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[258,92440,4457,92442,92444],{"id":92441},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92443,35965],{}," is not a list",[20,92446,92447],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[57,92449,92451],{"className":59,"code":92450,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92452,92453],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92454,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92456,138],{"class":137},[66,92458,110],{"class":102},[66,92460,59767],{"class":137},[66,92462,110],{"class":102},[66,92464,1869],{"class":478},[66,92466,1330],{"class":102},[20,92468,148],{},[57,92470,92472],{"className":59,"code":92471,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92473,92474],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92475,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92477,59767],{"class":137},[66,92479,110],{"class":102},[66,92481,1852],{"class":478},[66,92483,121],{"class":102},[66,92485,4357],{"class":478},[66,92487,131],{"class":102},[20,92489,92490],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[57,92492,92493],{"className":59,"code":90807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92494,92495],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92496,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509,92511],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92498,138],{"class":137},[66,92500,110],{"class":102},[66,92502,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92504,110],{"class":102},[66,92506,59767],{"class":137},[66,92508,110],{"class":102},[66,92510,1869],{"class":478},[66,92512,2652],{"class":102},[20,92514,148],{},[57,92516,92517],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92518,92519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92520,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92522,3652],{"class":102},[66,92524,1852],{"class":478},[66,92526,121],{"class":102},[66,92528,479],{"class":478},[66,92530,121],{"class":102},[66,92532,561],{"class":478},[66,92534,121],{"class":102},[66,92536,2186],{"class":478},[66,92538,121],{"class":102},[66,92540,2192],{"class":478},[66,92542,3383],{"class":102},[52,92544,92546],{"id":92545},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92548,8635,92549,82104],{},[15,92550,35965],{},[57,92552,92554],{"className":59,"code":92553,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92555,92556,92570,92588,92610,92638],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92557,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92559,138],{"class":137},[66,92561,110],{"class":102},[66,92563,59767],{"class":137},[66,92565,110],{"class":102},[66,92567,1869],{"class":478},[66,92569,1330],{"class":102},[66,92571,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,92573,138],{"class":137},[66,92575,110],{"class":102},[66,92577,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92579,110],{"class":102},[66,92581,59767],{"class":137},[66,92583,110],{"class":102},[66,92585,1869],{"class":478},[66,92587,2652],{"class":102},[66,92589,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,92591,138],{"class":137},[66,92593,110],{"class":102},[66,92595,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92597,110],{"class":102},[66,92599,59767],{"class":137},[66,92601,110],{"class":102},[66,92603,1788],{"class":478},[66,92605,121],{"class":102},[66,92607,6112],{"class":478},[66,92609,2652],{"class":102},[66,92611,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,92613,138],{"class":137},[66,92615,110],{"class":102},[66,92617,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92619,110],{"class":102},[66,92621,59767],{"class":137},[66,92623,110],{"class":102},[66,92625,2064],{"class":478},[66,92627,121],{"class":102},[66,92629,3584],{"class":478},[66,92631,121],{"class":102},[66,92633,1956],{"class":76},[66,92635,1788],{"class":478},[66,92637,2652],{"class":102},[66,92639,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,92641,138],{"class":137},[66,92643,110],{"class":102},[66,92645,2964],{"class":2641},[66,92647,110],{"class":102},[66,92649,59767],{"class":137},[66,92651,110],{"class":102},[66,92653,1869],{"class":478},[66,92655,2652],{"class":102},[20,92657,25774],{},[33,92659,92660,92663,92666],{},[36,92661,92662],{},"what values are being created",[36,92664,92665],{},"whether the direction is correct",[36,92667,92668,92669,24382],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92670,59767],{},[52,92672,1518],{"id":1517},[258,92674,1522,92676,92678],{"id":92675},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92677,35965],{}," include the last number?",[20,92680,92681],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[258,92683,4913,92685,92687,92688,2228],{"id":92684},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92686,90614],{}," start at ",[15,92689,1852],{},[20,92691,92692,92693,103],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92694,1852],{},[258,92696,1573,92698,92700],{"id":92697},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92699,35965],{}," count backward?",[20,92702,92703,92704,103],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92705,92706],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[258,92708,1610,92710,25808],{"id":92709},"is-range-a-list",[15,92711,35965],{},[20,92713,25811,92714,92716,92717,23703],{},[15,92715,59767],{}," object. Use ",[15,92718,92719],{},"list(range(...))",[258,92721,4913,92723,48452],{"id":92722},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92724,92725],{},"range(input())",[20,92727,92728,3229,92730,103],{},[15,92729,2698],{},[15,92731,92732],{},"int(input())",[52,92734,1620],{"id":1619},[33,92736,92737,92741,92747,92753,92759],{},[36,92738,92739],{},[200,92740,35795],{"href":35794},[36,92742,92743],{},[200,92744,3321,92745,3254],{"href":42124},[15,92746,42127],{},[36,92748,92749],{},[200,92750,3321,92751,3254],{"href":91783},[15,92752,35515],{},[36,92754,92755],{},[200,92756,37284,92757,36376],{"href":36372},[15,92758,35515],{},[36,92760,92761],{},[200,92762,50291,92763],{"href":50290},[15,92764,50294],{},[1651,92766,92767],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":92769},[92770,92771,92773,92779,92787,92794,92796,92808,92809,92821],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":90623,"depth":91,"text":92772},"What range() does",{"id":90716,"depth":91,"text":92774,"children":92775},"range() syntax",[92776,92777,92778],{"id":90796,"depth":134,"text":90799},{"id":90860,"depth":134,"text":90863},{"id":90928,"depth":134,"text":90931},{"id":90999,"depth":91,"text":91000,"children":92780},[92781,92782,92783,92784,92785],{"id":91006,"depth":134,"text":90614},{"id":91069,"depth":134,"text":91072},{"id":91133,"depth":134,"text":91136},{"id":91209,"depth":134,"text":91210},{"id":76577,"depth":134,"text":92786},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91368,"depth":91,"text":92788,"children":92789},"Using range() in a for loop",[92790,92791,92792],{"id":91470,"depth":134,"text":91471},{"id":91515,"depth":134,"text":91516},{"id":91595,"depth":134,"text":92793},"range() and indexing",{"id":91870,"depth":91,"text":92795},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":92797},[92798,92799,92801,92802,92804,92806],{"id":92053,"depth":134,"text":92054},{"id":92149,"depth":134,"text":92800},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92215,"depth":134,"text":92216},{"id":92350,"depth":134,"text":92803},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92407,"depth":134,"text":92805},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92441,"depth":134,"text":92807},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92545,"depth":91,"text":92546},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":92810},[92811,92813,92815,92817,92819],{"id":92675,"depth":134,"text":92812},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92684,"depth":134,"text":92814},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92697,"depth":134,"text":92816},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92709,"depth":134,"text":92818},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92722,"depth":134,"text":92820},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90517,"description":92822},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92829,"title":92830,"body":92831,"description":94504,"extension":1694,"meta":94505,"navigation":338,"path":94506,"seo":94507,"stem":94508,"__hash__":94509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92832,"toc":94477},[92833,92842,92849,92866,92882,92884,92933,92941,92945,92948,92968,92970,93034,93036,93079,93082,93128,93130,93163,93173,93179,93187,93204,93206,93237,93239,93264,93269,93280,93283,93353,93355,93386,93391,93396,93413,93415,93466,93468,93501,93504,93511,93516,93520,93536,93538,93582,93584,93630,93633,93646,93651,93655,93669,93671,93722,93724,93757,93762,93764,93771,93773,93796,93798,93863,93865,93882,93885,93918,93920,93948,93958,93965,93969,93972,93990,93993,94021,94024,94042,94047,94053,94056,94078,94080,94108,94110,94113,94138,94141,94254,94256,94335,94337,94343,94348,94356,94364,94368,94371,94373,94406,94408,94416,94422,94429,94436,94439,94441,94474],[10,92834,3321,92836,10348,92838,92841],{"id":92835},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92837,35965],{},[15,92839,92840],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92843,92844,798,92846,92848],{},[15,92845,35965],{},[15,92847,92840],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[33,92850,92851,92859],{},[36,92852,92853,92855,92856],{},[15,92854,35965],{}," creates a ",[398,92857,92858],{},"range object",[36,92860,92861,92855,92863],{},[15,92862,92840],{},[398,92864,92865],{},"real list",[20,92867,92868,92869,92871,92872,92875,92876,92878,92879,92881],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92870,90614],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92873,92874],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92877,35965],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92880,92840],{}," when you actually need a list.",[52,92883,3355],{"id":3354},[57,92885,92887],{"className":59,"code":92886,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92888,92889,92903,92916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92890,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92892,3365],{"class":72},[66,92894,77],{"class":76},[66,92896,53838],{"class":137},[66,92898,110],{"class":102},[66,92900,1869],{"class":478},[66,92902,131],{"class":102},[66,92904,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,92906,138],{"class":137},[66,92908,110],{"class":102},[66,92910,3397],{"class":106},[66,92912,3410],{"class":102},[66,92914,92915],{"class":3413},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[66,92917,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,92919,138],{"class":137},[66,92921,110],{"class":102},[66,92923,7851],{"class":2641},[66,92925,110],{"class":102},[66,92927,3397],{"class":106},[66,92929,5117],{"class":102},[66,92931,92932],{"class":3413},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92934,160,92935,92937,92938,92940],{},[15,92936,35965],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92939,92840],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[52,92942,92944],{"id":92943},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92946,92947],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[33,92949,92950,92957,92962,92965],{},[36,92951,92952,21739,92954,92956],{},[15,92953,35965],{},[398,92955,92858],{},", not a list",[36,92958,92959,92961],{},[15,92960,92840],{}," converts that range object into a list",[36,92963,92964],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[36,92966,92967],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92969,923],{},[57,92971,92973],{"className":59,"code":92972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92974,92975,92990,93009,93013,93023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92976,92977,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92978,92979],{"class":72},"r ",[66,92981,77],{"class":76},[66,92983,53838],{"class":137},[66,92985,110],{"class":102},[66,92987,1869],{"class":478},[66,92989,131],{"class":102},[66,92991,92992,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,92993,92994],{"class":72},"lst ",[66,92996,77],{"class":76},[66,92998,22324],{"class":2641},[66,93000,110],{"class":102},[66,93002,59767],{"class":137},[66,93004,110],{"class":102},[66,93006,1869],{"class":478},[66,93008,1330],{"class":102},[66,93010,93011],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93012,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,93014,93015,93017,93019,93021],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,93016,138],{"class":137},[66,93018,110],{"class":102},[66,93020,60272],{"class":106},[66,93022,131],{"class":102},[66,93024,93025,93027,93029,93032],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,93026,138],{"class":137},[66,93028,110],{"class":102},[66,93030,93031],{"class":106},"lst",[66,93033,131],{"class":102},[20,93035,148],{},[57,93037,93039],{"className":59,"code":93038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93040,93041,93055],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93042,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93044,59767],{"class":137},[66,93046,110],{"class":102},[66,93048,1852],{"class":478},[66,93050,121],{"class":102},[66,93052,4357],{"class":478},[66,93054,131],{"class":102},[66,93056,93057,93059,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073,93075,93077],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93058,3652],{"class":102},[66,93060,1852],{"class":478},[66,93062,121],{"class":102},[66,93064,479],{"class":478},[66,93066,121],{"class":102},[66,93068,561],{"class":478},[66,93070,121],{"class":102},[66,93072,2186],{"class":478},[66,93074,121],{"class":102},[66,93076,2192],{"class":478},[66,93078,3383],{"class":102},[20,93080,93081],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[57,93083,93085],{"className":59,"code":93084,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93086,93087,93105],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93088,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097,93099,93101,93103],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93090,138],{"class":137},[66,93092,110],{"class":102},[66,93094,2964],{"class":2641},[66,93096,110],{"class":102},[66,93098,59767],{"class":137},[66,93100,110],{"class":102},[66,93102,1869],{"class":478},[66,93104,2652],{"class":102},[66,93106,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93108,138],{"class":137},[66,93110,110],{"class":102},[66,93112,2964],{"class":2641},[66,93114,110],{"class":102},[66,93116,7851],{"class":2641},[66,93118,110],{"class":102},[66,93120,59767],{"class":137},[66,93122,110],{"class":102},[66,93124,1869],{"class":478},[66,93126,93127],{"class":102},"))))\n",[20,93129,148],{},[57,93131,93133],{"className":59,"code":93132,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93134,93135,93149],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93136,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93138,3033],{"class":76},[66,93140,3036],{"class":1797},[66,93142,3039],{"class":80},[66,93144,59767],{"class":84},[66,93146,3044],{"class":80},[66,93148,3047],{"class":76},[66,93150,93151,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93152,3033],{"class":76},[66,93154,3036],{"class":1797},[66,93156,3039],{"class":80},[66,93158,7851],{"class":84},[66,93160,3044],{"class":80},[66,93162,3047],{"class":76},[20,93164,93165,93166,93168,93169,103],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93167,35965],{}," works, see ",[200,93170,3321,93171,3254],{"href":92824},[15,93172,35965],{},[52,93174,168,93176,93178],{"id":93175},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93177,35965],{}," gives you",[20,93180,93181,93183,93184,93186],{},[15,93182,35965],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93185,5710],{}," loops.",[33,93188,93189,93192,93195,93198],{},[36,93190,93191],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[36,93193,93194],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[36,93196,93197],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[36,93199,93200,93201],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93202,93203],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93205,923],{},[57,93207,93209],{"className":59,"code":93208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93210,93211,93227],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93212,93213,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93214,5710],{"class":3627},[66,93216,69312],{"class":72},[66,93218,3634],{"class":3627},[66,93220,53838],{"class":137},[66,93222,110],{"class":102},[66,93224,1869],{"class":478},[66,93226,8100],{"class":102},[66,93228,93229,93231,93233,93235],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93230,7826],{"class":137},[66,93232,110],{"class":102},[66,93234,35921],{"class":106},[66,93236,131],{"class":102},[20,93238,148],{},[57,93240,93242],{"className":59,"code":93241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93243,93244,93248,93252,93256,93260],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93245,93246],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93247,47019],{"class":478},[66,93249,93250],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93251,46684],{"class":478},[66,93253,93254],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93255,16819],{"class":478},[66,93257,93258],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,93259,46384],{"class":478},[66,93261,93262],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,93263,48418],{"class":478},[20,93265,20534,93266,93268],{},[15,93267,90614],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93270,93271,93272,93274,93275,103],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93273,35965],{}," is so common with ",[200,93276,3321,93278,90645],{"href":93277},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93279,5710],{},[20,93281,93282],{},"You can also inspect it:",[57,93284,93286],{"className":59,"code":93285,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93287,93288,93310,93314,93324,93338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93289,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93291,92979],{"class":72},[66,93293,77],{"class":76},[66,93295,53838],{"class":137},[66,93297,110],{"class":102},[66,93299,1788],{"class":478},[66,93301,121],{"class":102},[66,93303,5757],{"class":478},[66,93305,121],{"class":102},[66,93307,561],{"class":478},[66,93309,131],{"class":102},[66,93311,93312],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93313,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,93315,93316,93318,93320,93322],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93317,138],{"class":137},[66,93319,110],{"class":102},[66,93321,60272],{"class":106},[66,93323,131],{"class":102},[66,93325,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334,93336],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,93327,138],{"class":137},[66,93329,110],{"class":102},[66,93331,10924],{"class":137},[66,93333,110],{"class":102},[66,93335,60272],{"class":106},[66,93337,1330],{"class":102},[66,93339,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93351],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,93341,138],{"class":137},[66,93343,110],{"class":102},[66,93345,80358],{"class":478},[66,93347,20937],{"class":3627},[66,93349,93350],{"class":106}," r",[66,93352,131],{"class":102},[20,93354,148],{},[57,93356,93358],{"className":59,"code":93357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93359,93360,93378,93382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93361,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93363,59767],{"class":137},[66,93365,110],{"class":102},[66,93367,1788],{"class":478},[66,93369,121],{"class":102},[66,93371,5757],{"class":478},[66,93373,121],{"class":102},[66,93375,561],{"class":478},[66,93377,131],{"class":102},[66,93379,93380],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93381,48418],{"class":478},[66,93383,93384],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93385,3732],{"class":3602},[52,93387,168,93389,93178],{"id":93388},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93390,92840],{},[20,93392,93393,93395],{},[15,93394,92840],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[33,93397,93398,93401,93404,93407],{},[36,93399,93400],{},"It creates all values at once",[36,93402,93403],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[36,93405,93406],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[36,93408,93409,93410,93412],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93411,35965],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93414,923],{},[57,93416,93418],{"className":59,"code":93417,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93419,93420,93438,93442,93452],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93421,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93423,3365],{"class":72},[66,93425,77],{"class":76},[66,93427,22324],{"class":2641},[66,93429,110],{"class":102},[66,93431,59767],{"class":137},[66,93433,110],{"class":102},[66,93435,1869],{"class":478},[66,93437,1330],{"class":102},[66,93439,93440],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93441,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,93443,93444,93446,93448,93450],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93445,138],{"class":137},[66,93447,110],{"class":102},[66,93449,3397],{"class":106},[66,93451,131],{"class":102},[66,93453,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,93455,138],{"class":137},[66,93457,110],{"class":102},[66,93459,3397],{"class":106},[66,93461,3652],{"class":102},[66,93463,1788],{"class":478},[66,93465,3640],{"class":102},[20,93467,148],{},[57,93469,93471],{"className":59,"code":93470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93472,93473,93497],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93474,93475,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93476,3652],{"class":102},[66,93478,1852],{"class":478},[66,93480,121],{"class":102},[66,93482,479],{"class":478},[66,93484,121],{"class":102},[66,93486,561],{"class":478},[66,93488,121],{"class":102},[66,93490,2186],{"class":478},[66,93492,121],{"class":102},[66,93494,2192],{"class":478},[66,93496,3383],{"class":102},[66,93498,93499],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93500,16819],{"class":478},[20,93502,93503],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93505,93506,93507,103],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[200,93508,3321,93509,3254],{"href":64611},[15,93510,24546],{},[52,93512,4715,93514],{"id":93513},"when-to-use-range",[15,93515,35965],{},[20,93517,160,93518,10364],{},[15,93519,35965],{},[33,93521,93522,93527,93530,93533],{},[36,93523,93524,93525,91374],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93526,5710],{},[36,93528,93529],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[36,93531,93532],{},"You are working with large sequences",[36,93534,93535],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93537,923],{},[57,93539,93541],{"className":59,"code":93540,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93542,93543,93563],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93544,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93546,5710],{"class":3627},[66,93548,69312],{"class":72},[66,93550,3634],{"class":3627},[66,93552,53838],{"class":137},[66,93554,110],{"class":102},[66,93556,2729],{"class":478},[66,93558,121],{"class":102},[66,93560,37409],{"class":478},[66,93562,8100],{"class":102},[66,93564,93565,93567,93569,93571,93574,93576,93578,93580],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93566,7826],{"class":137},[66,93568,110],{"class":102},[66,93570,113],{"class":80},[66,93572,93573],{"class":84},"Count:",[66,93575,113],{"class":80},[66,93577,121],{"class":102},[66,93579,35896],{"class":106},[66,93581,131],{"class":102},[20,93583,148],{},[57,93585,93587],{"className":59,"code":93586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93588,93589,93598,93606,93614,93622],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93590,93591,93594,93596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93592,93593],{"class":72},"Count",[66,93595,1111],{"class":102},[66,93597,29381],{"class":478},[66,93599,93600,93602,93604],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93601,93593],{"class":72},[66,93603,1111],{"class":102},[66,93605,45356],{"class":478},[66,93607,93608,93610,93612],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93609,93593],{"class":72},[66,93611,1111],{"class":102},[66,93613,2314],{"class":478},[66,93615,93616,93618,93620],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,93617,93593],{"class":72},[66,93619,1111],{"class":102},[66,93621,23428],{"class":478},[66,93623,93624,93626,93628],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,93625,93593],{"class":72},[66,93627,1111],{"class":102},[66,93629,34609],{"class":478},[20,93631,93632],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93634,93635,93636,93638,93639,62052,93641,103],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93637,35515],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93640,36366],{},[200,93642,36373,93644,36376],{"href":93643},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93645,35515],{},[52,93647,4715,93649],{"id":93648},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93650,92840],{},[20,93652,160,93653,10364],{},[15,93654,92840],{},[33,93656,93657,93660,93663,93666],{},[36,93658,93659],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[36,93661,93662],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[36,93664,93665],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[36,93667,93668],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93670,923],{},[57,93672,93674],{"className":59,"code":93673,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93675,93676,93694,93708,93712],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93677,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686,93688,93690,93692],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93679,3365],{"class":72},[66,93681,77],{"class":76},[66,93683,22324],{"class":2641},[66,93685,110],{"class":102},[66,93687,59767],{"class":137},[66,93689,110],{"class":102},[66,93691,1869],{"class":478},[66,93693,1330],{"class":102},[66,93695,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93697,3397],{"class":72},[66,93699,103],{"class":102},[66,93701,13314],{"class":106},[66,93703,110],{"class":102},[66,93705,1869],{"class":478},[66,93707,131],{"class":102},[66,93709,93710],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93711,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,93713,93714,93716,93718,93720],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,93715,138],{"class":137},[66,93717,110],{"class":102},[66,93719,3397],{"class":106},[66,93721,131],{"class":102},[20,93723,148],{},[57,93725,93727],{"className":59,"code":93726,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93728,93729],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93730,93731,93733,93735,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93732,3652],{"class":102},[66,93734,1852],{"class":478},[66,93736,121],{"class":102},[66,93738,479],{"class":478},[66,93740,121],{"class":102},[66,93742,561],{"class":478},[66,93744,121],{"class":102},[66,93746,2186],{"class":478},[66,93748,121],{"class":102},[66,93750,2192],{"class":478},[66,93752,121],{"class":102},[66,93754,4357],{"class":478},[66,93756,3383],{"class":102},[20,93758,5813,93759,93761],{},[15,93760,3397],{}," is a list.",[52,93763,15358],{"id":15357},[20,93765,93766,93768,93769,103],{},[15,93767,35965],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[398,93770,37363],{},[20,93772,1839],{},[33,93774,93775,93777,93782,93787,93790],{},[36,93776,21749],{},[36,93778,93779,93780],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93781,42127],{},[36,93783,93784,93785],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93786,3634],{},[36,93788,93789],{},"You can index it",[36,93791,93792,93793,93795],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93794,52420],{}," do not work on it",[20,93797,923],{},[57,93799,93801],{"className":59,"code":93800,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93802,93803,93817,93821,93835,93849],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93804,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93806,92979],{"class":72},[66,93808,77],{"class":76},[66,93810,53838],{"class":137},[66,93812,110],{"class":102},[66,93814,1869],{"class":478},[66,93816,131],{"class":102},[66,93818,93819],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93820,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,93822,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93824,138],{"class":137},[66,93826,110],{"class":102},[66,93828,60272],{"class":106},[66,93830,3652],{"class":102},[66,93832,1788],{"class":478},[66,93834,3640],{"class":102},[66,93836,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,93838,138],{"class":137},[66,93840,110],{"class":102},[66,93842,10924],{"class":137},[66,93844,110],{"class":102},[66,93846,60272],{"class":106},[66,93848,1330],{"class":102},[66,93850,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,93852,138],{"class":137},[66,93854,110],{"class":102},[66,93856,1794],{"class":478},[66,93858,20937],{"class":3627},[66,93860,93350],{"class":106},[66,93862,131],{"class":102},[20,93864,148],{},[57,93866,93868],{"className":59,"code":93867,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93869,93870,93874,93878],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93871,93872],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93873,16819],{"class":478},[66,93875,93876],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93877,2687],{"class":478},[66,93879,93880],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,93881,3732],{"class":3602},[20,93883,93884],{},"Now compare that with this:",[57,93886,93888],{"className":59,"code":93887,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93889,93890,93904],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93891,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93893,92979],{"class":72},[66,93895,77],{"class":76},[66,93897,53838],{"class":137},[66,93899,110],{"class":102},[66,93901,1869],{"class":478},[66,93903,131],{"class":102},[66,93905,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,93907,60272],{"class":72},[66,93909,103],{"class":102},[66,93911,13314],{"class":106},[66,93913,110],{"class":102},[66,93915,1869],{"class":478},[66,93917,131],{"class":102},[20,93919,148],{},[57,93921,93923],{"className":59,"code":93922,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93924,93925],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93926,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93942,93944,93946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93928,25437],{"class":2641},[66,93930,1111],{"class":102},[66,93932,3039],{"class":80},[66,93934,59767],{"class":84},[66,93936,3044],{"class":80},[66,93938,24382],{"class":2641},[66,93940,93941],{"class":72}," has no attribute ",[66,93943,3044],{"class":80},[66,93945,13314],{"class":84},[66,93947,29466],{"class":80},[20,93949,93950,93951,1923,93953,1927,93955,93957],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93952,52420],{},[15,93954,55297],{},[15,93956,64076],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93959,93960,93961,103],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[200,93962,25445,93963],{"href":35185},[15,93964,34024],{},[52,93966,93968],{"id":93967},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93970,93971],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[57,93973,93974],{"className":59,"code":92450,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,93975,93976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93977,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93979,138],{"class":137},[66,93981,110],{"class":102},[66,93983,59767],{"class":137},[66,93985,110],{"class":102},[66,93987,1869],{"class":478},[66,93989,1330],{"class":102},[20,93991,93992],{},"to show:",[57,93994,93995],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,93996,93997],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93998,93999,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94000,3652],{"class":102},[66,94002,1852],{"class":478},[66,94004,121],{"class":102},[66,94006,479],{"class":478},[66,94008,121],{"class":102},[66,94010,561],{"class":478},[66,94012,121],{"class":102},[66,94014,2186],{"class":478},[66,94016,121],{"class":102},[66,94018,2192],{"class":478},[66,94020,3383],{"class":102},[20,94022,94023],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[57,94025,94026],{"className":59,"code":92471,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94027,94028],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94029,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94031,59767],{"class":137},[66,94033,110],{"class":102},[66,94035,1852],{"class":478},[66,94037,121],{"class":102},[66,94039,4357],{"class":478},[66,94041,131],{"class":102},[20,94043,4380,94044,94046],{},[398,94045,4383],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94048,94049,94050,94052],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[398,94051,92858],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94054,94055],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[57,94057,94058],{"className":59,"code":90807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94059,94060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94061,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94063,138],{"class":137},[66,94065,110],{"class":102},[66,94067,7851],{"class":2641},[66,94069,110],{"class":102},[66,94071,59767],{"class":137},[66,94073,110],{"class":102},[66,94075,1869],{"class":478},[66,94077,2652],{"class":102},[20,94079,148],{},[57,94081,94082],{"className":59,"code":59790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94083,94084],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94085,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94087,3652],{"class":102},[66,94089,1852],{"class":478},[66,94091,121],{"class":102},[66,94093,479],{"class":478},[66,94095,121],{"class":102},[66,94097,561],{"class":478},[66,94099,121],{"class":102},[66,94101,2186],{"class":478},[66,94103,121],{"class":102},[66,94105,2192],{"class":478},[66,94107,3383],{"class":102},[52,94109,2568],{"id":2567},[20,94111,94112],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[33,94114,94115,94121,94124,94130],{},[36,94116,8176,94117,94120],{},[15,94118,94119],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[36,94122,94123],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[36,94125,94126,94127,94129],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94128,35965],{}," is iterable but not a list",[36,94131,8176,94132,94134,94135,94137],{},[15,94133,92840],{}," when plain ",[15,94136,35965],{}," would be simpler",[20,94139,94140],{},"These quick checks can help:",[57,94142,94144],{"className":59,"code":94143,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94145,94146,94160,94178,94196,94218,94236],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94147,94148,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94149,138],{"class":137},[66,94151,110],{"class":102},[66,94153,59767],{"class":137},[66,94155,110],{"class":102},[66,94157,1869],{"class":478},[66,94159,1330],{"class":102},[66,94161,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174,94176],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94163,138],{"class":137},[66,94165,110],{"class":102},[66,94167,7851],{"class":2641},[66,94169,110],{"class":102},[66,94171,59767],{"class":137},[66,94173,110],{"class":102},[66,94175,1869],{"class":478},[66,94177,2652],{"class":102},[66,94179,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,94181,138],{"class":137},[66,94183,110],{"class":102},[66,94185,2964],{"class":2641},[66,94187,110],{"class":102},[66,94189,59767],{"class":137},[66,94191,110],{"class":102},[66,94193,1869],{"class":478},[66,94195,2652],{"class":102},[66,94197,94198,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,94199,138],{"class":137},[66,94201,110],{"class":102},[66,94203,2964],{"class":2641},[66,94205,110],{"class":102},[66,94207,7851],{"class":2641},[66,94209,110],{"class":102},[66,94211,59767],{"class":137},[66,94213,110],{"class":102},[66,94215,1869],{"class":478},[66,94217,93127],{"class":102},[66,94219,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,94221,138],{"class":137},[66,94223,110],{"class":102},[66,94225,1794],{"class":478},[66,94227,20937],{"class":3627},[66,94229,53838],{"class":137},[66,94231,110],{"class":102},[66,94233,1869],{"class":478},[66,94235,1330],{"class":102},[66,94237,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,94239,138],{"class":137},[66,94241,110],{"class":102},[66,94243,10924],{"class":137},[66,94245,110],{"class":102},[66,94247,59767],{"class":137},[66,94249,110],{"class":102},[66,94251,1869],{"class":478},[66,94253,2652],{"class":102},[20,94255,148],{},[57,94257,94259],{"className":59,"code":94258,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94260,94261,94275,94299,94313,94327,94331],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94262,94263,94265,94267,94269,94271,94273],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94264,59767],{"class":137},[66,94266,110],{"class":102},[66,94268,1852],{"class":478},[66,94270,121],{"class":102},[66,94272,4357],{"class":478},[66,94274,131],{"class":102},[66,94276,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94278,3652],{"class":102},[66,94280,1852],{"class":478},[66,94282,121],{"class":102},[66,94284,479],{"class":478},[66,94286,121],{"class":102},[66,94288,561],{"class":478},[66,94290,121],{"class":102},[66,94292,2186],{"class":478},[66,94294,121],{"class":102},[66,94296,2192],{"class":478},[66,94298,3383],{"class":102},[66,94300,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,94302,3033],{"class":76},[66,94304,3036],{"class":1797},[66,94306,3039],{"class":80},[66,94308,59767],{"class":84},[66,94310,3044],{"class":80},[66,94312,3047],{"class":76},[66,94314,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,94316,3033],{"class":76},[66,94318,3036],{"class":1797},[66,94320,3039],{"class":80},[66,94322,7851],{"class":84},[66,94324,3044],{"class":80},[66,94326,3047],{"class":76},[66,94328,94329],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,94330,3732],{"class":3602},[66,94332,94333],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,94334,2687],{"class":478},[52,94336,1518],{"id":1517},[258,94338,1610,94340,94342],{"id":94339},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94341,35965],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94344,46132,94345,94347],{},[15,94346,35965],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[258,94349,94351,94352,10854,94354,2228],{"id":94350},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94353,35965],{},[15,94355,92840],{},[20,94357,94358,94360,94361,94363],{},[15,94359,35965],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94362,92840],{}," creates a full list.",[258,94365,94367],{"id":94366},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94369,94370],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94372,923],{},[57,94374,94376],{"className":59,"code":94375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94377,94378,94392],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94379,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94381,92979],{"class":72},[66,94383,77],{"class":76},[66,94385,53838],{"class":137},[66,94387,110],{"class":102},[66,94389,1869],{"class":478},[66,94391,131],{"class":102},[66,94393,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94395,138],{"class":137},[66,94397,110],{"class":102},[66,94399,60272],{"class":106},[66,94401,3652],{"class":102},[66,94403,2729],{"class":478},[66,94405,3640],{"class":102},[20,94407,148],{},[57,94409,94410],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94411,94412],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94413,94414],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94415,46684],{"class":478},[258,94417,4913,94419,94421],{"id":94418},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94420,94119],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94423,94424,94425,94428],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94426,94427],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[258,94430,94432,94433,94435],{"id":94431},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94434,35965],{}," to a list?",[20,94437,94438],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[52,94440,1620],{"id":1619},[33,94442,94443,94449,94455,94462,94468],{},[36,94444,94445],{},[200,94446,3321,94447,3254],{"href":92824},[15,94448,35965],{},[36,94450,94451],{},[200,94452,3321,94453,3254],{"href":64611},[15,94454,24546],{},[36,94456,94457],{},[200,94458,3321,94459,94461],{"href":93277},[15,94460,5710],{}," loops explained",[36,94463,94464],{},[200,94465,37284,94466,36376],{"href":93643},[15,94467,35515],{},[36,94469,94470],{},[200,94471,25887,94472],{"href":35185},[15,94473,34024],{},[1651,94475,94476],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":94478},[94479,94480,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94490,94491,94492,94503],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":92943,"depth":91,"text":92944},{"id":93175,"depth":91,"text":94482},"What range() gives you",{"id":93388,"depth":91,"text":94484},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93513,"depth":91,"text":94486},"When to use range()",{"id":93648,"depth":91,"text":94488},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15357,"depth":91,"text":15358},{"id":93967,"depth":91,"text":93968},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":94493},[94494,94496,94498,94499,94501],{"id":94339,"depth":134,"text":94495},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94350,"depth":134,"text":94497},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94366,"depth":134,"text":94367},{"id":94418,"depth":134,"text":94500},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94431,"depth":134,"text":94502},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92830,"description":94504},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94511,"title":94512,"body":94513,"description":95949,"extension":1694,"meta":95950,"navigation":338,"path":95951,"seo":95952,"stem":95953,"__hash__":95954},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94514,"toc":95915},[94515,94521,94526,94529,94543,94546,94548,94587,94589,94602,94610,94615,94631,94634,94636,94638,94659,94676,94679,94738,94740,94759,94764,94770,94773,94807,94809,94822,94825,94870,94872,94895,94902,94908,94911,94952,94954,94968,94971,95029,95031,95046,95059,95065,95071,95136,95138,95157,95159,95177,95180,95184,95190,95192,95225,95227,95240,95250,95253,95314,95316,95337,95340,95342,95358,95363,95367,95372,95377,95433,95435,95453,95456,95501,95503,95511,95516,95520,95534,95536,95568,95570,95579,95581,95585,95594,95597,95629,95631,95643,95646,95650,95655,95696,95698,95706,95709,95732,95736,95738,95747,95750,95803,95805,95814,95818,95823,95834,95836,95845,95848,95854,95857,95863,95873,95881,95888,95890,95912],[10,94516,3321,94518,3325],{"id":94517},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94519,94520],{},"round()",[20,94522,8883,94523,94525],{},[15,94524,94520],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94527,94528],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[33,94530,94531,94537],{},[36,94532,94533,94536],{},[15,94534,94535],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[36,94538,94539,94542],{},[15,94540,94541],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94544,94545],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[52,94547,55],{"id":54},[57,94549,94551],{"className":59,"code":94550,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94552,94553,94569],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94554,94555,94557,94559,94562,94564,94567],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94556,138],{"class":137},[66,94558,110],{"class":102},[66,94560,94561],{"class":137},"round",[66,94563,110],{"class":102},[66,94565,94566],{"class":478},"3.14159",[66,94568,1330],{"class":102},[66,94570,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94572,138],{"class":137},[66,94574,110],{"class":102},[66,94576,94561],{"class":137},[66,94578,110],{"class":102},[66,94580,94566],{"class":478},[66,94582,121],{"class":102},[66,94584,561],{"class":478},[66,94586,1330],{"class":102},[20,94588,148],{},[57,94590,94592],{"className":59,"code":94591,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94593,94594,94598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94595,94596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94597,46384],{"class":478},[66,94599,94600],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94601,39944],{"class":478},[20,94603,160,94604,94606,94607,94609],{},[15,94605,94535],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94608,94541],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[52,94611,168,94613,41],{"id":94612},"what-round-does",[15,94614,94520],{},[33,94616,94617,94622,94625,94628],{},[36,94618,94619,94621],{},[15,94620,94520],{}," is a built-in Python function",[36,94623,94624],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[36,94626,94627],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[36,94629,94630],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94632,94633],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[52,94635,1891],{"id":1890},[20,94637,1894],{},[57,94639,94641],{"className":59,"code":94640,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94642,94643],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94644,94645,94647,94649,94651,94654,94657],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94646,94561],{"class":137},[66,94648,110],{"class":102},[66,94650,1973],{"class":106},[66,94652,94653],{"class":102},"[,",[66,94655,94656],{"class":106}," ndigits",[66,94658,3640],{"class":102},[33,94660,94661,94666,94671],{},[36,94662,94663,94665],{},[15,94664,1973],{}," is the value to round",[36,94667,94668,19802],{},[15,94669,94670],{},"ndigits",[36,94672,94673,94675],{},[15,94674,94670],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94677,94678],{},"Basic examples:",[57,94680,94682],{"className":59,"code":94681,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94683,94684,94699,94717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94685,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94697],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94687,138],{"class":137},[66,94689,110],{"class":102},[66,94691,94561],{"class":137},[66,94693,110],{"class":102},[66,94695,94696],{"class":478},"7.8",[66,94698,1330],{"class":102},[66,94700,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94702,138],{"class":137},[66,94704,110],{"class":102},[66,94706,94561],{"class":137},[66,94708,110],{"class":102},[66,94710,94696],{"class":478},[66,94712,121],{"class":102},[66,94714,479],{"class":478},[66,94716,1330],{"class":102},[66,94718,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727,94730,94732,94734,94736],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,94720,138],{"class":137},[66,94722,110],{"class":102},[66,94724,94561],{"class":137},[66,94726,110],{"class":102},[66,94728,94729],{"class":478},"1234",[66,94731,121],{"class":102},[66,94733,1956],{"class":76},[66,94735,1788],{"class":478},[66,94737,1330],{"class":102},[20,94739,148],{},[57,94741,94743],{"className":59,"code":94742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94744,94745,94749,94754],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94746,94747],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94748,2115],{"class":478},[66,94750,94751],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94752,94753],{"class":478},"7.8\n",[66,94755,94756],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,94757,94758],{"class":478},"1200\n",[20,94760,94761,94762,103],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[200,94763,2154],{"href":2153},[52,94765,8176,94767,94769],{"id":94766},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94768,94520],{}," with one argument",[20,94771,94772],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[57,94774,94776],{"className":59,"code":94775,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94777,94778,94792],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94779,94780,94782,94784,94786,94788,94790],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94781,138],{"class":137},[66,94783,110],{"class":102},[66,94785,94561],{"class":137},[66,94787,110],{"class":102},[66,94789,2096],{"class":478},[66,94791,1330],{"class":102},[66,94793,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94805],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94795,138],{"class":137},[66,94797,110],{"class":102},[66,94799,94561],{"class":137},[66,94801,110],{"class":102},[66,94803,94804],{"class":478},"4.8",[66,94806,1330],{"class":102},[20,94808,148],{},[57,94810,94812],{"className":59,"code":94811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4\n5\n",[15,94813,94814,94818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94815,94816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94817,48418],{"class":478},[66,94819,94820],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94821,2687],{"class":478},[20,94823,94824],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[57,94826,94828],{"className":59,"code":94827,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94829,94830,94846,94856],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94831,94832,94834,94836,94839,94841,94844],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94833,447],{"class":72},[66,94835,77],{"class":76},[66,94837,94838],{"class":137}," round",[66,94840,110],{"class":102},[66,94842,94843],{"class":478},"10.2",[66,94845,131],{"class":102},[66,94847,94848,94850,94852,94854],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94849,138],{"class":137},[66,94851,110],{"class":102},[66,94853,494],{"class":106},[66,94855,131],{"class":102},[66,94857,94858,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,94859,138],{"class":137},[66,94861,110],{"class":102},[66,94863,2964],{"class":2641},[66,94865,110],{"class":102},[66,94867,494],{"class":106},[66,94869,1330],{"class":102},[20,94871,148],{},[57,94873,94875],{"className":59,"code":94874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94876,94877,94881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94878,94879],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94880,2110],{"class":478},[66,94882,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94884,3033],{"class":76},[66,94886,3036],{"class":1797},[66,94888,3039],{"class":80},[66,94890,1922],{"class":84},[66,94892,3044],{"class":80},[66,94894,3047],{"class":76},[20,94896,94897,94898,103],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[200,94899,3321,94900,3254],{"href":2613},[15,94901,2616],{},[52,94903,8176,94905,94907],{"id":94904},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94906,94520],{}," with decimal places",[20,94909,94910],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[57,94912,94914],{"className":59,"code":94913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94915,94916,94934],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94917,94918,94920,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94919,138],{"class":137},[66,94921,110],{"class":102},[66,94923,94561],{"class":137},[66,94925,110],{"class":102},[66,94927,94566],{"class":478},[66,94929,121],{"class":102},[66,94931,561],{"class":478},[66,94933,1330],{"class":102},[66,94935,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94937,138],{"class":137},[66,94939,110],{"class":102},[66,94941,94561],{"class":137},[66,94943,110],{"class":102},[66,94945,94566],{"class":478},[66,94947,121],{"class":102},[66,94949,2186],{"class":478},[66,94951,1330],{"class":102},[20,94953,148],{},[57,94955,94957],{"className":59,"code":94956,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94958,94959,94963],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94960,94961],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94962,39944],{"class":478},[66,94964,94965],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94966,94967],{"class":478},"3.142\n",[20,94969,94970],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[57,94972,94974],{"className":59,"code":94973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94975,94976,94985,95004,95008,95018],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94977,94978,94980,94982],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94979,40154],{"class":72},[66,94981,77],{"class":76},[66,94983,94984],{"class":478}," 19.9876\n",[66,94986,94987,94990,94992,94994,94996,94998,95000,95002],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,94988,94989],{"class":72},"rounded_price ",[66,94991,77],{"class":76},[66,94993,94838],{"class":137},[66,94995,110],{"class":102},[66,94997,24915],{"class":106},[66,94999,121],{"class":102},[66,95001,561],{"class":478},[66,95003,131],{"class":102},[66,95005,95006],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95007,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,95009,95010,95012,95014,95016],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,95011,138],{"class":137},[66,95013,110],{"class":102},[66,95015,24915],{"class":106},[66,95017,131],{"class":102},[66,95019,95020,95022,95024,95027],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,95021,138],{"class":137},[66,95023,110],{"class":102},[66,95025,95026],{"class":106},"rounded_price",[66,95028,131],{"class":102},[20,95030,148],{},[57,95032,95034],{"className":59,"code":95033,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95035,95036,95041],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95037,95038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95039,95040],{"class":478},"19.9876\n",[66,95042,95043],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95044,95045],{"class":478},"19.99\n",[20,95047,95048,95049,95052,95053,2617,95055,103],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95050,95051],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[200,95054,40659],{"href":40658},[200,95056,3321,95057,3254],{"href":2620},[15,95058,2623],{},[52,95060,95062,95063],{"id":95061},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95064,94670],{},[20,95066,95067,95068,95070],{},"A negative ",[15,95069,94670],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[57,95072,95074],{"className":59,"code":95073,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95075,95076,95096,95116],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95077,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090,95092,95094],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95079,138],{"class":137},[66,95081,110],{"class":102},[66,95083,94561],{"class":137},[66,95085,110],{"class":102},[66,95087,94729],{"class":478},[66,95089,121],{"class":102},[66,95091,1956],{"class":76},[66,95093,2729],{"class":478},[66,95095,1330],{"class":102},[66,95097,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95099,138],{"class":137},[66,95101,110],{"class":102},[66,95103,94561],{"class":137},[66,95105,110],{"class":102},[66,95107,94729],{"class":478},[66,95109,121],{"class":102},[66,95111,1956],{"class":76},[66,95113,1788],{"class":478},[66,95115,1330],{"class":102},[66,95117,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128,95130,95132,95134],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95119,138],{"class":137},[66,95121,110],{"class":102},[66,95123,94561],{"class":137},[66,95125,110],{"class":102},[66,95127,94729],{"class":478},[66,95129,121],{"class":102},[66,95131,1956],{"class":76},[66,95133,1794],{"class":478},[66,95135,1330],{"class":102},[20,95137,148],{},[57,95139,95141],{"className":59,"code":95140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95142,95143,95148,95152],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95144,95145],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95146,95147],{"class":478},"1230\n",[66,95149,95150],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95151,94758],{"class":478},[66,95153,95154],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95155,95156],{"class":478},"1000\n",[20,95158,65348],{},[33,95160,95161,95166,95172],{},[36,95162,95163,95165],{},[15,95164,65618],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[36,95167,95168,95171],{},[15,95169,95170],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[36,95173,95174,95176],{},[15,95175,47438],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95178,95179],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[52,95181,95183],{"id":95182},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95185,95186,95187,103],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95188,95189],{},".5",[20,95191,5226],{},[57,95193,95195],{"className":59,"code":95194,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95196,95197,95211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95198,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95200,138],{"class":137},[66,95202,110],{"class":102},[66,95204,94561],{"class":137},[66,95206,110],{"class":102},[66,95208,40926],{"class":478},[66,95210,1330],{"class":102},[66,95212,95213,95215,95217,95219,95221,95223],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95214,138],{"class":137},[66,95216,110],{"class":102},[66,95218,94561],{"class":137},[66,95220,110],{"class":102},[66,95222,1771],{"class":478},[66,95224,1330],{"class":102},[20,95226,148],{},[57,95228,95230],{"className":59,"code":95229,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n4\n",[15,95231,95232,95236],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95233,95234],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95235,16819],{"class":478},[66,95237,95238],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95239,48418],{"class":478},[20,95241,95242,95243,95246,95247,95249],{},"Python uses ",[398,95244,95245],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95248,95189],{}," situations.",[20,95251,95252],{},"More examples:",[57,95254,95256],{"className":59,"code":95255,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95257,95258,95272,95286,95300],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95259,95260,95262,95264,95266,95268,95270],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95261,138],{"class":137},[66,95263,110],{"class":102},[66,95265,94561],{"class":137},[66,95267,110],{"class":102},[66,95269,40939],{"class":478},[66,95271,1330],{"class":102},[66,95273,95274,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95275,138],{"class":137},[66,95277,110],{"class":102},[66,95279,94561],{"class":137},[66,95281,110],{"class":102},[66,95283,40926],{"class":478},[66,95285,1330],{"class":102},[66,95287,95288,95290,95292,95294,95296,95298],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95289,138],{"class":137},[66,95291,110],{"class":102},[66,95293,94561],{"class":137},[66,95295,110],{"class":102},[66,95297,1771],{"class":478},[66,95299,1330],{"class":102},[66,95301,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310,95312],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,95303,138],{"class":137},[66,95305,110],{"class":102},[66,95307,94561],{"class":137},[66,95309,110],{"class":102},[66,95311,40891],{"class":478},[66,95313,1330],{"class":102},[20,95315,148],{},[57,95317,95319],{"className":59,"code":95318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95320,95321,95325,95329,95333],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95322,95323],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95324,16819],{"class":478},[66,95326,95327],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95328,16819],{"class":478},[66,95330,95331],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95332,48418],{"class":478},[66,95334,95335],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,95336,48418],{"class":478},[20,95338,95339],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95341,10476],{},[33,95343,95344,95351],{},[36,95345,95346,1866,95349],{},[15,95347,95348],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95350,1788],{},[36,95352,95353,1866,95356],{},[15,95354,95355],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95357,2241],{},[20,95359,2911,95360,95362],{},[15,95361,95189],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[52,95364,95366],{"id":95365},"return-values","Return values",[20,95368,95369,95371],{},[15,95370,94520],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95373,40673,95374,95376],{},[398,95375,4383],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[57,95378,95380],{"className":59,"code":95379,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95381,95382,95391,95395,95405,95423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95383,95384,95386,95388],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95385,2181],{"class":72},[66,95387,77],{"class":76},[66,95389,95390],{"class":478}," 3.14159\n",[66,95392,95393],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95394,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,95396,95397,95399,95401,95403],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95398,138],{"class":137},[66,95400,110],{"class":102},[66,95402,2208],{"class":106},[66,95404,131],{"class":102},[66,95406,95407,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,95408,138],{"class":137},[66,95410,110],{"class":102},[66,95412,94561],{"class":137},[66,95414,110],{"class":102},[66,95416,2208],{"class":106},[66,95418,121],{"class":102},[66,95420,561],{"class":478},[66,95422,1330],{"class":102},[66,95424,95425,95427,95429,95431],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,95426,138],{"class":137},[66,95428,110],{"class":102},[66,95430,2208],{"class":106},[66,95432,131],{"class":102},[20,95434,148],{},[57,95436,95438],{"className":59,"code":95437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95439,95440,95445,95449],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95441,95442],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95443,95444],{"class":478},"3.14159\n",[66,95446,95447],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95448,39944],{"class":478},[66,95450,95451],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95452,95444],{"class":478},[20,95454,95455],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[57,95457,95459],{"className":59,"code":95458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95460,95461,95469,95487,95491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95462,95463,95465,95467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95464,2181],{"class":72},[66,95466,77],{"class":76},[66,95468,95390],{"class":478},[66,95470,95471,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95472,2181],{"class":72},[66,95474,77],{"class":76},[66,95476,94838],{"class":137},[66,95478,110],{"class":102},[66,95480,2208],{"class":106},[66,95482,121],{"class":102},[66,95484,561],{"class":478},[66,95486,131],{"class":102},[66,95488,95489],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95490,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,95492,95493,95495,95497,95499],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,95494,138],{"class":137},[66,95496,110],{"class":102},[66,95498,2208],{"class":106},[66,95500,131],{"class":102},[20,95502,148],{},[57,95504,95505],{"className":59,"code":39944,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,95506,95507],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95508,95509],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95510,39944],{"class":478},[52,95512,4715,95514],{"id":95513},"when-to-use-round",[15,95515,94520],{},[20,95517,160,95518,6070],{},[15,95519,94520],{},[33,95521,95522,95525,95528,95531],{},[36,95523,95524],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[36,95526,95527],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[36,95529,95530],{},"Round values before reporting results",[36,95532,95533],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95535,5226],{},[57,95537,95539],{"className":59,"code":95538,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95540,95541,95550],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95542,95543,95545,95547],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95544,2333],{"class":72},[66,95546,77],{"class":76},[66,95548,95549],{"class":478}," 12.67891\n",[66,95551,95552,95554,95556,95558,95560,95562,95564,95566],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95553,138],{"class":137},[66,95555,110],{"class":102},[66,95557,94561],{"class":137},[66,95559,110],{"class":102},[66,95561,2356],{"class":106},[66,95563,121],{"class":102},[66,95565,561],{"class":478},[66,95567,1330],{"class":102},[20,95569,148],{},[57,95571,95573],{"className":59,"code":95572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"12.68\n",[15,95574,95575],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95576,95577],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95578,95572],{"class":478},[52,95580,2568],{"id":2567},[20,95582,22859,95583,103],{},[15,95584,94520],{},[258,95586,1119,95588,95590,95591,95593],{"id":95587},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95589,94520],{}," to always round ",[15,95592,95189],{}," upward",[20,95595,95596],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[57,95598,95599],{"className":59,"code":95194,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,95600,95601,95615],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95602,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95604,138],{"class":137},[66,95606,110],{"class":102},[66,95608,94561],{"class":137},[66,95610,110],{"class":102},[66,95612,40926],{"class":478},[66,95614,1330],{"class":102},[66,95616,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625,95627],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95618,138],{"class":137},[66,95620,110],{"class":102},[66,95622,94561],{"class":137},[66,95624,110],{"class":102},[66,95626,1771],{"class":478},[66,95628,1330],{"class":102},[20,95630,148],{},[57,95632,95633],{"className":59,"code":95229,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,95634,95635,95639],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95636,95637],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95638,16819],{"class":478},[66,95640,95641],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95642,48418],{"class":478},[20,95644,95645],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[258,95647,95649],{"id":95648},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95651,95652,95654],{},[15,95653,94520],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[57,95656,95658],{"className":59,"code":95657,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95659,95660,95668,95682,95686],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95661,95662,95664,95666],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95663,2181],{"class":72},[66,95665,77],{"class":76},[66,95667,95390],{"class":478},[66,95669,95670,95672,95674,95676,95678,95680],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95671,94561],{"class":137},[66,95673,110],{"class":102},[66,95675,2208],{"class":106},[66,95677,121],{"class":102},[66,95679,561],{"class":478},[66,95681,131],{"class":102},[66,95683,95684],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95685,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,95687,95688,95690,95692,95694],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,95689,138],{"class":137},[66,95691,110],{"class":102},[66,95693,2208],{"class":106},[66,95695,131],{"class":102},[20,95697,148],{},[57,95699,95700],{"className":59,"code":95444,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,95701,95702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95703,95704],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95705,95444],{"class":478},[20,95707,95708],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[57,95710,95712],{"className":59,"code":95711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95713,95714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95715,95716,95718,95720,95722,95724,95726,95728,95730],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95717,2181],{"class":72},[66,95719,77],{"class":76},[66,95721,94838],{"class":137},[66,95723,110],{"class":102},[66,95725,2208],{"class":106},[66,95727,121],{"class":102},[66,95729,561],{"class":478},[66,95731,131],{"class":102},[258,95733,95735],{"id":95734},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95737,16163],{},[57,95739,95741],{"className":59,"code":95740,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95742,95743],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95744,95745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95746,95740],{"class":3413},[20,95748,95749],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[57,95751,95753],{"className":59,"code":95752,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95754,95755,95767,95781,95785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95756,95757,95759,95761,95763,95765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95758,73],{"class":72},[66,95760,77],{"class":76},[66,95762,81],{"class":80},[66,95764,39910],{"class":84},[66,95766,88],{"class":80},[66,95768,95769,95771,95773,95775,95777,95779],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,95770,1951],{"class":72},[66,95772,77],{"class":76},[66,95774,40022],{"class":2641},[66,95776,110],{"class":102},[66,95778,349],{"class":106},[66,95780,131],{"class":102},[66,95782,95783],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,95784,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,95786,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799,95801],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,95788,138],{"class":137},[66,95790,110],{"class":102},[66,95792,94561],{"class":137},[66,95794,110],{"class":102},[66,95796,1973],{"class":106},[66,95798,121],{"class":102},[66,95800,479],{"class":478},[66,95802,1330],{"class":102},[20,95804,148],{},[57,95806,95808],{"className":59,"code":95807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.1\n",[15,95809,95810],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95811,95812],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95813,95807],{"class":478},[258,95815,95817],{"id":95816},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95819,95820,95822],{},[15,95821,94520],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95824,95825,95826,2617,95830,103],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[200,95827,95828],{"href":2620},[15,95829,2623],{},[200,95831,95832],{"href":2613},[15,95833,2616],{},[52,95835,1518],{"id":1517},[258,95837,1522,95839,95841,95842,95844],{"id":95838},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95840,94520],{}," always round ",[15,95843,39981],{}," up?",[20,95846,95847],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[258,95849,1522,95851,95853],{"id":95850},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95852,94520],{}," change the original number?",[20,95855,95856],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[258,95858,1573,95860,95862],{"id":95859},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95861,94520],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95864,95865,95866,95868,95869,2617,95871,103],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95867,94670],{}," value like ",[15,95870,65618],{},[15,95872,95170],{},[258,95874,28094,95876,95878,95879,2228],{"id":95875},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95877,94520],{}," on a string like ",[15,95880,47862],{},[20,95882,95883,95884,2617,95886,103],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95885,2623],{},[15,95887,2616],{},[52,95889,1620],{"id":1619},[33,95891,95892,95898,95904,95908],{},[36,95893,95894],{},[200,95895,3321,95896,3254],{"href":2620},[15,95897,2623],{},[36,95899,95900],{},[200,95901,3321,95902,3254],{"href":2613},[15,95903,2616],{},[36,95905,95906],{},[200,95907,2154],{"href":2153},[36,95909,95910],{},[200,95911,41947],{"href":40658},[1651,95913,95914],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":95916},[95917,95918,95920,95921,95923,95925,95927,95928,95929,95931,95938,95948],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":94612,"depth":91,"text":95919},"What round() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":94766,"depth":91,"text":95922},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94904,"depth":91,"text":95924},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95061,"depth":91,"text":95926},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95182,"depth":91,"text":95183},{"id":95365,"depth":91,"text":95366},{"id":95513,"depth":91,"text":95930},"When to use round()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":95932},[95933,95935,95936,95937],{"id":95587,"depth":134,"text":95934},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95648,"depth":134,"text":95649},{"id":95734,"depth":134,"text":95735},{"id":95816,"depth":134,"text":95817},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":95939},[95940,95942,95944,95946],{"id":95838,"depth":134,"text":95941},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95850,"depth":134,"text":95943},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95859,"depth":134,"text":95945},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95875,"depth":134,"text":95947},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94512,"description":95949},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95956,"title":95957,"body":95958,"description":97143,"extension":1694,"meta":97144,"navigation":338,"path":97145,"seo":97146,"stem":97147,"__hash__":97148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95959,"toc":97117},[95960,95967,95973,95976,95978,96027,96031,96056,96061,96066,96071,96085,96096,96098,96117,96119,96135,96138,96149,96151,96153,96214,96218,96251,96258,96265,96268,96301,96304,96308,96311,96364,96368,96389,96395,96402,96409,96470,96478,96555,96559,96571,96580,96582,96588,96594,96598,96651,96654,96712,96716,96724,96727,96731,96734,96744,96746,96843,96846,96857,96860,96903,96907,96931,96934,96940,96942,96946,96971,96973,97040,97049,97051,97057,97062,97066,97069,97073,97080,97084,97089,97091,97108,97114],[10,95961,95963,95964,18],{"id":95962},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95965,95966],{},"add()",[20,95968,95969,95972],{},[15,95970,95971],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95974,95975],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[52,95977,55],{"id":54},[57,95979,95981],{"className":59,"code":95980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95982,95983,96003,96017],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95984,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95986,3365],{"class":72},[66,95988,77],{"class":76},[66,95990,10253],{"class":102},[66,95992,2729],{"class":478},[66,95994,121],{"class":102},[66,95996,561],{"class":478},[66,95998,121],{"class":102},[66,96000,2186],{"class":478},[66,96002,9070],{"class":102},[66,96004,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96006,3397],{"class":72},[66,96008,103],{"class":102},[66,96010,81870],{"class":106},[66,96012,110],{"class":102},[66,96014,2241],{"class":478},[66,96016,131],{"class":102},[66,96018,96019,96021,96023,96025],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96020,138],{"class":137},[66,96022,110],{"class":102},[66,96024,3397],{"class":106},[66,96026,131],{"class":102},[20,96028,96029],{},[398,96030,148],{},[57,96032,96034],{"className":59,"code":96033,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96035,96036],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96037,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96039,9039],{"class":102},[66,96041,2729],{"class":478},[66,96043,121],{"class":102},[66,96045,561],{"class":478},[66,96047,121],{"class":102},[66,96049,2186],{"class":478},[66,96051,121],{"class":102},[66,96053,2192],{"class":478},[66,96055,9070],{"class":102},[20,96057,160,96058,96060],{},[15,96059,95966],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[52,96062,168,96064,41],{"id":96063},"what-setadd-does",[15,96065,95971],{},[20,96067,96068,96070],{},[15,96069,95971],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[33,96072,96073,96076,96079,96082],{},[36,96074,96075],{},"Adds one item to a set",[36,96077,96078],{},"Changes the original set in place",[36,96080,96081],{},"Does not return a new set",[36,96083,96084],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96086,96087,96088,2617,96092,103],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[200,96089,96091],{"href":96090},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[200,96093,96095],{"href":96094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[52,96097,1891],{"id":1890},[57,96099,96101],{"className":59,"code":96100,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96102,96103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96104,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96106,15428],{"class":72},[66,96108,103],{"class":102},[66,96110,81870],{"class":106},[66,96112,110],{"class":102},[66,96114,23075],{"class":106},[66,96116,131],{"class":102},[20,96118,11221],{},[33,96120,96121,96126,96129],{},[36,96122,55677,96123,96125],{},[15,96124,95966],{}," on an existing set",[36,96127,96128],{},"Pass exactly one item",[36,96130,96131,96132],{},"The item must be ",[398,96133,96134],{},"hashable",[20,96136,96137],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[33,96139,96140,96142,96144,96147],{},[36,96141,56230],{},[36,96143,56233],{},[36,96145,96146],{},"Tuples",[36,96148,40362],{},[52,96150,11238],{"id":11237},[20,96152,11241],{},[57,96154,96156],{"className":59,"code":96155,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96157,96158,96182,96200,96204],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96159,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96161,12838],{"class":72},[66,96163,77],{"class":76},[66,96165,10253],{"class":102},[66,96167,113],{"class":80},[66,96169,1392],{"class":84},[66,96171,113],{"class":80},[66,96173,121],{"class":102},[66,96175,81],{"class":80},[66,96177,1401],{"class":84},[66,96179,113],{"class":80},[66,96181,9070],{"class":102},[66,96183,96184,96186,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96185,17264],{"class":72},[66,96187,103],{"class":102},[66,96189,81870],{"class":106},[66,96191,110],{"class":102},[66,96193,113],{"class":80},[66,96195,17217],{"class":84},[66,96197,113],{"class":80},[66,96199,131],{"class":102},[66,96201,96202],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96203,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96205,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,96207,138],{"class":137},[66,96209,110],{"class":102},[66,96211,17264],{"class":106},[66,96213,131],{"class":102},[20,96215,96216],{},[398,96217,29796],{},[57,96219,96221],{"className":59,"code":96220,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96222,96223],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96224,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96226,9039],{"class":102},[66,96228,3044],{"class":80},[66,96230,1392],{"class":84},[66,96232,3044],{"class":80},[66,96234,121],{"class":102},[66,96236,3039],{"class":80},[66,96238,17217],{"class":84},[66,96240,3044],{"class":80},[66,96242,121],{"class":102},[66,96244,3039],{"class":80},[66,96246,1401],{"class":84},[66,96248,3044],{"class":80},[66,96250,9070],{"class":102},[20,96252,96253,96254,96257],{},"The new value ",[15,96255,96256],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96259,96260,96261,96264],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[398,96262,96263],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96266,96267],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[57,96269,96271],{"className":59,"code":96270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96272,96273],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96274,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96276,9039],{"class":102},[66,96278,3044],{"class":80},[66,96280,1401],{"class":84},[66,96282,3044],{"class":80},[66,96284,121],{"class":102},[66,96286,3039],{"class":80},[66,96288,1392],{"class":84},[66,96290,3044],{"class":80},[66,96292,121],{"class":102},[66,96294,3039],{"class":80},[66,96296,17217],{"class":84},[66,96298,3044],{"class":80},[66,96300,9070],{"class":102},[20,96302,96303],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[52,96305,96307],{"id":96306},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96309,96310],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[57,96312,96314],{"className":59,"code":96313,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96315,96316,96336,96350,96354],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96317,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96319,3365],{"class":72},[66,96321,77],{"class":76},[66,96323,10253],{"class":102},[66,96325,2729],{"class":478},[66,96327,121],{"class":102},[66,96329,561],{"class":478},[66,96331,121],{"class":102},[66,96333,2186],{"class":478},[66,96335,9070],{"class":102},[66,96337,96338,96340,96342,96344,96346,96348],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96339,3397],{"class":72},[66,96341,103],{"class":102},[66,96343,81870],{"class":106},[66,96345,110],{"class":102},[66,96347,1788],{"class":478},[66,96349,131],{"class":102},[66,96351,96352],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96353,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96355,96356,96358,96360,96362],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,96357,138],{"class":137},[66,96359,110],{"class":102},[66,96361,3397],{"class":106},[66,96363,131],{"class":102},[20,96365,96366],{},[398,96367,148],{},[57,96369,96371],{"className":59,"code":96370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96372,96373],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96376,9039],{"class":102},[66,96378,2729],{"class":478},[66,96380,121],{"class":102},[66,96382,561],{"class":478},[66,96384,121],{"class":102},[66,96386,2186],{"class":478},[66,96388,9070],{"class":102},[20,96390,96391,96392,96394],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96393,1788],{}," was already present.",[52,96396,96398,10348,96400],{"id":96397},"add-vs-update",[15,96399,95966],{},[15,96401,14715],{},[20,96403,160,96404,96406,96407,103],{},[15,96405,95966],{}," when you want to add ",[398,96408,52424],{},[57,96410,96412],{"className":59,"code":96411,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96413,96414,96438,96456,96460],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96415,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96417,35857],{"class":72},[66,96419,77],{"class":76},[66,96421,10253],{"class":102},[66,96423,113],{"class":80},[66,96425,200],{"class":84},[66,96427,113],{"class":80},[66,96429,121],{"class":102},[66,96431,81],{"class":80},[66,96433,4514],{"class":84},[66,96435,113],{"class":80},[66,96437,9070],{"class":102},[66,96439,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96441,35910],{"class":72},[66,96443,103],{"class":102},[66,96445,81870],{"class":106},[66,96447,110],{"class":102},[66,96449,113],{"class":80},[66,96451,9501],{"class":84},[66,96453,113],{"class":80},[66,96455,131],{"class":102},[66,96457,96458],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96459,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96461,96462,96464,96466,96468],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,96463,138],{"class":137},[66,96465,110],{"class":102},[66,96467,35910],{"class":106},[66,96469,131],{"class":102},[20,96471,160,96472,96406,96474,96477],{},[15,96473,14715],{},[398,96475,96476],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[57,96479,96481],{"className":59,"code":96480,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96482,96483,96507,96541,96545],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96484,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96486,35857],{"class":72},[66,96488,77],{"class":76},[66,96490,10253],{"class":102},[66,96492,113],{"class":80},[66,96494,200],{"class":84},[66,96496,113],{"class":80},[66,96498,121],{"class":102},[66,96500,81],{"class":80},[66,96502,4514],{"class":84},[66,96504,113],{"class":80},[66,96506,9070],{"class":102},[66,96508,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96510,35910],{"class":72},[66,96512,103],{"class":102},[66,96514,30231],{"class":106},[66,96516,2726],{"class":102},[66,96518,113],{"class":80},[66,96520,9501],{"class":84},[66,96522,113],{"class":80},[66,96524,121],{"class":102},[66,96526,81],{"class":80},[66,96528,18530],{"class":84},[66,96530,113],{"class":80},[66,96532,121],{"class":102},[66,96534,81],{"class":80},[66,96536,60215],{"class":84},[66,96538,113],{"class":80},[66,96540,3640],{"class":102},[66,96542,96543],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96544,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96546,96547,96549,96551,96553],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,96548,138],{"class":137},[66,96550,110],{"class":102},[66,96552,35910],{"class":106},[66,96554,131],{"class":102},[258,96556,96558],{"id":96557},"key-difference","Key difference",[33,96560,96561,96566],{},[36,96562,96563,96565],{},[15,96564,95966],{}," adds one item",[36,96567,96568,96570],{},[15,96569,14715],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96572,96573,96574,103],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[200,96575,96577,96578,774],{"href":96576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96579,14715],{},[52,96581,17180],{"id":17179},[20,96583,96584,2131,96586,103],{},[15,96585,95971],{},[15,96587,3528],{},[20,96589,96590,96591,96593],{},"That means you should ",[398,96592,4383],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[258,96595,96597],{"id":96596},"correct","Correct",[57,96599,96601],{"className":59,"code":96600,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96602,96603,96623,96637,96641],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96604,96605,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96606,15390],{"class":72},[66,96608,77],{"class":76},[66,96610,10253],{"class":102},[66,96612,2729],{"class":478},[66,96614,121],{"class":102},[66,96616,561],{"class":478},[66,96618,121],{"class":102},[66,96620,2186],{"class":478},[66,96622,9070],{"class":102},[66,96624,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96626,15428],{"class":72},[66,96628,103],{"class":102},[66,96630,81870],{"class":106},[66,96632,110],{"class":102},[66,96634,2241],{"class":478},[66,96636,131],{"class":102},[66,96638,96639],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96640,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96642,96643,96645,96647,96649],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,96644,138],{"class":137},[66,96646,110],{"class":102},[66,96648,15428],{"class":106},[66,96650,131],{"class":102},[258,96652,96653],{"id":61533},"Wrong",[57,96655,96657],{"className":59,"code":96656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96658,96659,96679,96698,96702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96660,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96662,15390],{"class":72},[66,96664,77],{"class":76},[66,96666,10253],{"class":102},[66,96668,2729],{"class":478},[66,96670,121],{"class":102},[66,96672,561],{"class":478},[66,96674,121],{"class":102},[66,96676,2186],{"class":478},[66,96678,9070],{"class":102},[66,96680,96681,96683,96685,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96682,15390],{"class":72},[66,96684,77],{"class":76},[66,96686,96687],{"class":72}," my_set",[66,96689,103],{"class":102},[66,96691,81870],{"class":106},[66,96693,110],{"class":102},[66,96695,2241],{"class":478},[66,96697,131],{"class":102},[66,96699,96700],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96701,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96703,96704,96706,96708,96710],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,96705,138],{"class":137},[66,96707,110],{"class":102},[66,96709,15428],{"class":106},[66,96711,131],{"class":102},[20,96713,96714],{},[398,96715,148],{},[57,96717,96718],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,96719,96720],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96721,96722],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96723,11570],{"class":3602},[20,96725,96726],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[52,96728,96730],{"id":96729},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96732,96733],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[33,96735,96736,96738,96740,96742],{},[36,96737,56230],{},[36,96739,56233],{},[36,96741,96146],{},[36,96743,40362],{},[20,96745,923],{},[57,96747,96749],{"className":59,"code":96748,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96750,96751,96761,96765,96779,96797,96815,96829,96833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96752,96753,96755,96757,96759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96754,7535],{"class":72},[66,96756,77],{"class":76},[66,96758,15395],{"class":2641},[66,96760,8402],{"class":102},[66,96762,96763],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96764,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96766,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,96768,7566],{"class":72},[66,96770,103],{"class":102},[66,96772,81870],{"class":106},[66,96774,110],{"class":102},[66,96776,2064],{"class":478},[66,96778,131],{"class":102},[66,96780,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,96782,7566],{"class":72},[66,96784,103],{"class":102},[66,96786,81870],{"class":106},[66,96788,110],{"class":102},[66,96790,113],{"class":80},[66,96792,939],{"class":84},[66,96794,113],{"class":80},[66,96796,131],{"class":102},[66,96798,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,96800,7566],{"class":72},[66,96802,103],{"class":102},[66,96804,81870],{"class":106},[66,96806,5264],{"class":102},[66,96808,2729],{"class":478},[66,96810,121],{"class":102},[66,96812,561],{"class":478},[66,96814,1330],{"class":102},[66,96816,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,96818,7566],{"class":72},[66,96820,103],{"class":102},[66,96822,81870],{"class":106},[66,96824,110],{"class":102},[66,96826,3350],{"class":3602},[66,96828,131],{"class":102},[66,96830,96831],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,96832,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,96834,96835,96837,96839,96841],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,96836,138],{"class":137},[66,96838,110],{"class":102},[66,96840,7566],{"class":106},[66,96842,131],{"class":102},[20,96844,96845],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[33,96847,96848,96851,96854],{},[36,96849,96850],{},"Lists",[36,96852,96853],{},"Dictionaries",[36,96855,96856],{},"Sets",[20,96858,96859],{},"Example that causes an error:",[57,96861,96863],{"className":59,"code":96862,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96864,96865,96885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96866,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96868,7535],{"class":72},[66,96870,77],{"class":76},[66,96872,10253],{"class":102},[66,96874,2729],{"class":478},[66,96876,121],{"class":102},[66,96878,561],{"class":478},[66,96880,121],{"class":102},[66,96882,2186],{"class":478},[66,96884,9070],{"class":102},[66,96886,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899,96901],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96888,7566],{"class":72},[66,96890,103],{"class":102},[66,96892,81870],{"class":106},[66,96894,2726],{"class":102},[66,96896,2241],{"class":478},[66,96898,121],{"class":102},[66,96900,4357],{"class":478},[66,96902,3640],{"class":102},[20,96904,96905],{},[398,96906,29447],{},[57,96908,96910],{"className":59,"code":96909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96911,96912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96913,96914,96916,96918,96921,96923,96925,96927,96929],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96915,2746],{"class":2641},[66,96917,1111],{"class":102},[66,96919,96920],{"class":72}," unhashable ",[66,96922,2964],{"class":2641},[66,96924,1111],{"class":102},[66,96926,3039],{"class":80},[66,96928,7851],{"class":84},[66,96930,29466],{"class":80},[20,96932,96933],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96935,96936,96937,103],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96938,96939],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[52,96941,2568],{"id":2567},[20,96943,14495,96944,1111],{},[15,96945,95971],{},[33,96947,96948,96953,96958,96961,96968],{},[36,96949,8176,96950,96952],{},[15,96951,95966],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[36,96954,1119,96955,96957],{},[15,96956,95966],{}," to return the updated set",[36,96959,96960],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[36,96962,1128,96963,96965,96966],{},[15,96964,95971],{}," with list ",[15,96967,52420],{},[36,96969,96970],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96972,71270],{},[57,96974,96976],{"className":59,"code":96975,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96977,96978,96988,97002,97012,97026],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96979,96980,96982,96984,96986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96981,138],{"class":137},[66,96983,110],{"class":102},[66,96985,15428],{"class":106},[66,96987,131],{"class":102},[66,96989,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,96991,138],{"class":137},[66,96993,110],{"class":102},[66,96995,2964],{"class":2641},[66,96997,110],{"class":102},[66,96999,15428],{"class":106},[66,97001,1330],{"class":102},[66,97003,97004,97006,97008,97010],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97005,138],{"class":137},[66,97007,110],{"class":102},[66,97009,2208],{"class":106},[66,97011,131],{"class":102},[66,97013,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,97015,138],{"class":137},[66,97017,110],{"class":102},[66,97019,2964],{"class":2641},[66,97021,110],{"class":102},[66,97023,2208],{"class":106},[66,97025,1330],{"class":102},[66,97027,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,97029,31920],{"class":137},[66,97031,110],{"class":102},[66,97033,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97035,103],{"class":102},[66,97037,81870],{"class":24515},[66,97039,131],{"class":102},[20,97041,97042,97043,97045,97046,103],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97044,95971],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[200,97047,52817],{"href":97048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[52,97050,1518],{"id":1517},[258,97052,1522,97054,97056],{"id":97053},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97055,95971],{}," return a new set?",[20,97058,97059,97060,103],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97061,3528],{},[258,97063,97065],{"id":97064},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97067,97068],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[258,97070,97072],{"id":97071},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97074,160,97075,10854,97078,103],{},[15,97076,97077],{},"set.update()",[15,97079,95966],{},[258,97081,97083],{"id":97082},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97085,97086,97087,103],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97088,2746],{},[52,97090,1620],{"id":1619},[33,97092,97093,97097,97102],{},[36,97094,97095],{},[200,97096,96091],{"href":96090},[36,97098,97099],{},[200,97100,97101],{"href":96094},"How to create a set in Python",[36,97103,97104],{},[200,97105,96577,97106,774],{"href":96576},[15,97107,14715],{},[20,97109,97110,97111,97113],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97112,95966],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1651,97115,97116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":97118},[97119,97120,97122,97123,97124,97125,97129,97133,97134,97135,97142],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":96063,"depth":91,"text":97121},"What set.add() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":96306,"depth":91,"text":96307},{"id":96397,"depth":91,"text":97126,"children":97127},"add() vs update()",[97128],{"id":96557,"depth":134,"text":96558},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180,"children":97130},[97131,97132],{"id":96596,"depth":134,"text":96597},{"id":61533,"depth":134,"text":96653},{"id":96729,"depth":91,"text":96730},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":97136},[97137,97139,97140,97141],{"id":97053,"depth":134,"text":97138},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97064,"depth":134,"text":97065},{"id":97071,"depth":134,"text":97072},{"id":97082,"depth":134,"text":97083},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95957,"description":97143},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97150,"title":97151,"body":97152,"description":98321,"extension":1694,"meta":98322,"navigation":338,"path":98323,"seo":98324,"stem":98325,"__hash__":98326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97153,"toc":98288},[97154,97159,97165,97172,97217,97219,97230,97235,97240,97244,97258,97263,97265,97267,97282,97284,97298,97300,97302,97367,97369,97379,97381,97399,97405,97412,97417,97491,97493,97510,97516,97521,97592,97594,97621,97638,97641,97647,97649,97656,97660,97727,97729,97744,97747,97800,97802,97810,97822,97824,97828,97833,97835,97884,97886,97894,97896,97941,97943,97953,97959,97967,97980,97986,97988,98017,98019,98037,98041,98044,98075,98077,98095,98099,98174,98176,98192,98199,98201,98206,98211,98217,98220,98224,98232,98239,98247,98249,98285],[10,97155,95963,97157,18],{"id":97156},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97158,11084],{},[20,97160,97161,97164],{},[15,97162,97163],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97166,97167,97168,97171],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[398,97169,97170],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[57,97173,97175],{"className":59,"code":97174,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97176,97177,97197,97207],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97178,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97180,3365],{"class":72},[66,97182,77],{"class":76},[66,97184,10253],{"class":102},[66,97186,2729],{"class":478},[66,97188,121],{"class":102},[66,97190,561],{"class":478},[66,97192,121],{"class":102},[66,97194,2186],{"class":478},[66,97196,9070],{"class":102},[66,97198,97199,97201,97203,97205],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97200,3397],{"class":72},[66,97202,103],{"class":102},[66,97204,11145],{"class":106},[66,97206,8402],{"class":102},[66,97208,97209,97211,97213,97215],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97210,138],{"class":137},[66,97212,110],{"class":102},[66,97214,3397],{"class":106},[66,97216,131],{"class":102},[20,97218,148],{},[57,97220,97222],{"className":59,"code":97221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\n",[15,97223,97224],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97225,97226,97228],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97227,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97229,8402],{"class":102},[20,97231,97232,97234],{},[15,97233,11084],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[52,97236,168,97238,41],{"id":97237},"what-setclear-does",[15,97239,97163],{},[20,97241,1711,97242,11175],{},[15,97243,11084],{},[33,97245,97246,97249,97251,97255],{},[36,97247,97248],{},"Removes every item from a set",[36,97250,96078],{},[36,97252,11186,97253],{},[15,97254,3528],{},[36,97256,97257],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97259,96087,97260,71369],{},[200,97261,96091],{"href":97262},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[52,97264,1891],{"id":1890},[20,97266,54215],{},[57,97268,97270],{"className":59,"code":97269,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97271,97272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97273,97274,97276,97278,97280],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97275,15428],{"class":72},[66,97277,103],{"class":102},[66,97279,11145],{"class":106},[66,97281,8402],{"class":102},[20,97283,178],{},[33,97285,97286,97289,97292,97295],{},[36,97287,97288],{},"It takes no arguments",[36,97290,97291],{},"It empties the set",[36,97293,97294],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[36,97296,97297],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[52,97299,11238],{"id":11237},[20,97301,11241],{},[57,97303,97305],{"className":59,"code":97304,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97306,97307,97339,97343,97353,97357],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97308,97309,97311,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97310,12838],{"class":72},[66,97312,77],{"class":76},[66,97314,10253],{"class":102},[66,97316,113],{"class":80},[66,97318,1392],{"class":84},[66,97320,113],{"class":80},[66,97322,121],{"class":102},[66,97324,81],{"class":80},[66,97326,17217],{"class":84},[66,97328,113],{"class":80},[66,97330,121],{"class":102},[66,97332,81],{"class":80},[66,97334,1401],{"class":84},[66,97336,113],{"class":80},[66,97338,9070],{"class":102},[66,97340,97341],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97342,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97344,97345,97347,97349,97351],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97346,17264],{"class":72},[66,97348,103],{"class":102},[66,97350,11145],{"class":106},[66,97352,8402],{"class":102},[66,97354,97355],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,97356,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97358,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,97360,138],{"class":137},[66,97362,110],{"class":102},[66,97364,17264],{"class":106},[66,97366,131],{"class":102},[20,97368,148],{},[57,97370,97371],{"className":59,"code":97221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,97372,97373],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97374,97375,97377],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97376,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97378,8402],{"class":102},[20,97380,11447],{},[33,97382,97383,97388,97393],{},[36,97384,97385,97387],{},[15,97386,17264],{}," starts with three values",[36,97389,97390,11460],{},[15,97391,97392],{},"colors.clear()",[36,97394,97395,97396,97398],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97397,3547],{},", which means an empty set",[52,97400,97402,97404],{"id":97401},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97403,11084],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97406,97407,798,97409,97411],{},[15,97408,11084],{},[15,97410,3547],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[258,97413,8176,97415],{"id":97414},"using-clear",[15,97416,11084],{},[57,97418,97420],{"className":59,"code":97419,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97421,97422,97442,97452,97456,97466,97470,97480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97423,97424,97426,97428,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97425,7535],{"class":72},[66,97427,77],{"class":76},[66,97429,10253],{"class":102},[66,97431,2729],{"class":478},[66,97433,121],{"class":102},[66,97435,561],{"class":478},[66,97437,121],{"class":102},[66,97439,2186],{"class":478},[66,97441,9070],{"class":102},[66,97443,97444,97447,97449],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97445,97446],{"class":72},"other_name ",[66,97448,77],{"class":76},[66,97450,97451],{"class":72}," items\n",[66,97453,97454],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97455,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97457,97458,97460,97462,97464],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,97459,7566],{"class":72},[66,97461,103],{"class":102},[66,97463,11145],{"class":106},[66,97465,8402],{"class":102},[66,97467,97468],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,97469,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97471,97472,97474,97476,97478],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,97473,138],{"class":137},[66,97475,110],{"class":102},[66,97477,7566],{"class":106},[66,97479,131],{"class":102},[66,97481,97482,97484,97486,97489],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,97483,138],{"class":137},[66,97485,110],{"class":102},[66,97487,97488],{"class":106},"other_name",[66,97490,131],{"class":102},[20,97492,148],{},[57,97494,97496],{"className":59,"code":97495,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97497,97498,97504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97499,97500,97502],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97501,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97503,8402],{"class":102},[66,97505,97506,97508],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97507,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97509,8402],{"class":102},[20,97511,97512,97513,103],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[398,97514,97515],{},"same set object",[258,97517,8176,97519],{"id":97518},"using-set",[15,97520,3547],{},[57,97522,97524],{"className":59,"code":97523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97525,97526,97546,97554,97558,97568,97572,97582],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97527,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97529,7535],{"class":72},[66,97531,77],{"class":76},[66,97533,10253],{"class":102},[66,97535,2729],{"class":478},[66,97537,121],{"class":102},[66,97539,561],{"class":478},[66,97541,121],{"class":102},[66,97543,2186],{"class":478},[66,97545,9070],{"class":102},[66,97547,97548,97550,97552],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97549,97446],{"class":72},[66,97551,77],{"class":76},[66,97553,97451],{"class":72},[66,97555,97556],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97557,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97559,97560,97562,97564,97566],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,97561,7535],{"class":72},[66,97563,77],{"class":76},[66,97565,15395],{"class":2641},[66,97567,8402],{"class":102},[66,97569,97570],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,97571,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97573,97574,97576,97578,97580],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,97575,138],{"class":137},[66,97577,110],{"class":102},[66,97579,7566],{"class":106},[66,97581,131],{"class":102},[66,97583,97584,97586,97588,97590],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,97585,138],{"class":137},[66,97587,110],{"class":102},[66,97589,97488],{"class":106},[66,97591,131],{"class":102},[20,97593,148],{},[57,97595,97597],{"className":59,"code":97596,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97598,97599,97605],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97600,97601,97603],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97602,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97604,8402],{"class":102},[66,97606,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617,97619],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97608,9039],{"class":102},[66,97610,2729],{"class":478},[66,97612,121],{"class":102},[66,97614,561],{"class":478},[66,97616,121],{"class":102},[66,97618,2186],{"class":478},[66,97620,9070],{"class":102},[20,97622,20534,97623,92855,97626,97629,97630,103,97632,97634,97635,97637],{},[15,97624,97625],{},"items = set()",[398,97627,97628],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97631,7566],{},[9608,97633],{},"\nBut ",[15,97636,97488],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97639,97640],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97642,97643,97644,103],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[200,97645,96095],{"href":97646},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[52,97648,17180],{"id":17179},[20,97650,97651,13815,97653,97655],{},[15,97652,11084],{},[398,97654,4383],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97657,4903,97658,103],{},[15,97659,3528],{},[57,97661,97663],{"className":59,"code":97662,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97664,97665,97685,97689,97703,97707,97717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97668,3365],{"class":72},[66,97670,77],{"class":76},[66,97672,10253],{"class":102},[66,97674,2729],{"class":478},[66,97676,121],{"class":102},[66,97678,561],{"class":478},[66,97680,121],{"class":102},[66,97682,2186],{"class":478},[66,97684,9070],{"class":102},[66,97686,97687],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97688,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97692,447],{"class":72},[66,97694,77],{"class":76},[66,97696,4016],{"class":72},[66,97698,103],{"class":102},[66,97700,11145],{"class":106},[66,97702,8402],{"class":102},[66,97704,97705],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,97706,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97708,97709,97711,97713,97715],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,97710,138],{"class":137},[66,97712,110],{"class":102},[66,97714,494],{"class":106},[66,97716,131],{"class":102},[66,97718,97719,97721,97723,97725],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,97720,138],{"class":137},[66,97722,110],{"class":102},[66,97724,3397],{"class":106},[66,97726,131],{"class":102},[20,97728,148],{},[57,97730,97732],{"className":59,"code":97731,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\nset()\n",[15,97733,97734,97738],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97735,97736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97737,11570],{"class":3602},[66,97739,97740,97742],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97741,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97743,8402],{"class":102},[20,97745,97746],{},"Do not do this:",[57,97748,97750],{"className":59,"code":97749,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97751,97752,97772,97786,97790],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97753,97754,97756,97758,97760,97762,97764,97766,97768,97770],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97755,3365],{"class":72},[66,97757,77],{"class":76},[66,97759,10253],{"class":102},[66,97761,2729],{"class":478},[66,97763,121],{"class":102},[66,97765,561],{"class":478},[66,97767,121],{"class":102},[66,97769,2186],{"class":478},[66,97771,9070],{"class":102},[66,97773,97774,97776,97778,97780,97782,97784],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97775,3365],{"class":72},[66,97777,77],{"class":76},[66,97779,4016],{"class":72},[66,97781,103],{"class":102},[66,97783,11145],{"class":106},[66,97785,8402],{"class":102},[66,97787,97788],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97789,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,97791,97792,97794,97796,97798],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,97793,138],{"class":137},[66,97795,110],{"class":102},[66,97797,3397],{"class":106},[66,97799,131],{"class":102},[20,97801,148],{},[57,97803,97804],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,97805,97806],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97807,97808],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97809,11570],{"class":3602},[20,97811,21953,97812,2131,97814,97816,97817,97819,97820,103],{},[15,97813,54328],{},[15,97815,3528],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97818,3528],{}," back to ",[15,97821,3397],{},[52,97823,1105],{"id":1104},[20,97825,10510,97826,103],{},[15,97827,97163],{},[258,97829,12357,97831],{"id":97830},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97832,11084],{},[20,97834,16406],{},[57,97836,97838],{"className":59,"code":97837,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97839,97840,97860,97874],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97841,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97843,15390],{"class":72},[66,97845,77],{"class":76},[66,97847,10253],{"class":102},[66,97849,2729],{"class":478},[66,97851,121],{"class":102},[66,97853,561],{"class":478},[66,97855,121],{"class":102},[66,97857,2186],{"class":478},[66,97859,9070],{"class":102},[66,97861,97862,97864,97866,97868,97870,97872],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97863,15390],{"class":72},[66,97865,77],{"class":76},[66,97867,96687],{"class":72},[66,97869,103],{"class":102},[66,97871,11145],{"class":106},[66,97873,8402],{"class":102},[66,97875,97876,97878,97880,97882],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97877,138],{"class":137},[66,97879,110],{"class":102},[66,97881,15428],{"class":106},[66,97883,131],{"class":102},[20,97885,148],{},[57,97887,97888],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,97889,97890],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97891,97892],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97893,11570],{"class":3602},[20,97895,16418],{},[57,97897,97899],{"className":59,"code":97898,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97900,97901,97921,97931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97902,97903,97905,97907,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917,97919],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97904,15390],{"class":72},[66,97906,77],{"class":76},[66,97908,10253],{"class":102},[66,97910,2729],{"class":478},[66,97912,121],{"class":102},[66,97914,561],{"class":478},[66,97916,121],{"class":102},[66,97918,2186],{"class":478},[66,97920,9070],{"class":102},[66,97922,97923,97925,97927,97929],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,97924,15428],{"class":72},[66,97926,103],{"class":102},[66,97928,11145],{"class":106},[66,97930,8402],{"class":102},[66,97932,97933,97935,97937,97939],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,97934,138],{"class":137},[66,97936,110],{"class":102},[66,97938,15428],{"class":106},[66,97940,131],{"class":102},[20,97942,148],{},[57,97944,97945],{"className":59,"code":97221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,97946,97947],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97948,97949,97951],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97950,6039],{"class":2641},[66,97952,8402],{"class":102},[258,97954,1119,97956,97958],{"id":97955},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97957,11084],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97960,97961,97963,97964,97966],{},[15,97962,11084],{}," removes ",[398,97965,3465],{}," items from the set.",[20,97968,97969,97970,2617,97975,103],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[200,97971,97973],{"href":97972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97974,55297],{},[200,97976,97978],{"href":97977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97979,12525],{},[258,97981,8176,97983,97985],{"id":97982},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97984,3542],{}," for an empty set",[20,97987,25456],{},[57,97989,97991],{"className":59,"code":97990,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97992,97993,98002],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97994,97995,97998,98000],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97996,97997],{"class":72},"empty_value ",[66,97999,77],{"class":76},[66,98001,9600],{"class":102},[66,98003,98004,98006,98008,98010,98012,98015],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98005,138],{"class":137},[66,98007,110],{"class":102},[66,98009,2964],{"class":2641},[66,98011,110],{"class":102},[66,98013,98014],{"class":106},"empty_value",[66,98016,1330],{"class":102},[20,98018,148],{},[57,98020,98021],{"className":59,"code":8568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98022,98023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98024,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98026,3033],{"class":76},[66,98028,3036],{"class":1797},[66,98030,3039],{"class":80},[66,98032,8581],{"class":84},[66,98034,3044],{"class":80},[66,98036,3047],{"class":76},[20,98038,98039,8548],{},[15,98040,3542],{},[20,98042,98043],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[57,98045,98047],{"className":59,"code":98046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98048,98049,98060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98050,98051,98054,98056,98058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98052,98053],{"class":72},"empty_set ",[66,98055,77],{"class":76},[66,98057,15395],{"class":2641},[66,98059,8402],{"class":102},[66,98061,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98073],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98063,138],{"class":137},[66,98065,110],{"class":102},[66,98067,2964],{"class":2641},[66,98069,110],{"class":102},[66,98071,98072],{"class":106},"empty_set",[66,98074,1330],{"class":102},[20,98076,148],{},[57,98078,98079],{"className":59,"code":8612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98080,98081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98082,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98084,3033],{"class":76},[66,98086,3036],{"class":1797},[66,98088,3039],{"class":80},[66,98090,6039],{"class":84},[66,98092,3044],{"class":80},[66,98094,3047],{"class":76},[258,98096,98098],{"id":98097},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[57,98100,98102],{"className":59,"code":98101,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98103,98104,98128,98136,98140,98150,98154,98164],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98105,98106,98108,98110,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98107,2291],{"class":72},[66,98109,77],{"class":76},[66,98111,10253],{"class":102},[66,98113,113],{"class":80},[66,98115,960],{"class":84},[66,98117,113],{"class":80},[66,98119,121],{"class":102},[66,98121,81],{"class":80},[66,98123,969],{"class":84},[66,98125,113],{"class":80},[66,98127,9070],{"class":102},[66,98129,98130,98132,98134],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98131,2319],{"class":72},[66,98133,77],{"class":76},[66,98135,35942],{"class":72},[66,98137,98138],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,98139,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,98141,98142,98144,98146,98148],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,98143,200],{"class":72},[66,98145,103],{"class":102},[66,98147,11145],{"class":106},[66,98149,8402],{"class":102},[66,98151,98152],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,98153,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,98155,98156,98158,98160,98162],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,98157,138],{"class":137},[66,98159,110],{"class":102},[66,98161,200],{"class":106},[66,98163,131],{"class":102},[66,98165,98166,98168,98170,98172],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,98167,138],{"class":137},[66,98169,110],{"class":102},[66,98171,4514],{"class":106},[66,98173,131],{"class":102},[20,98175,148],{},[57,98177,98178],{"className":59,"code":97495,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98179,98180,98186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98181,98182,98184],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98183,6039],{"class":2641},[66,98185,8402],{"class":102},[66,98187,98188,98190],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98189,6039],{"class":2641},[66,98191,8402],{"class":102},[20,98193,28827,98194,798,98196,98198],{},[15,98195,200],{},[15,98197,4514],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[52,98200,1518],{"id":1517},[258,98202,4897,98204,4900],{"id":98203},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98205,97163],{},[20,98207,4903,98208,98210],{},[15,98209,3528],{},". It empties the set in place.",[258,98212,1522,98214,98216],{"id":98213},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98215,11084],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98218,98219],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[258,98221,98223],{"id":98222},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98225,98226,98227,98229,98230,103],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98228,11084],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98231,3547],{},[258,98233,4934,98235,798,98237,2228],{"id":98234},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98236,11084],{},[15,98238,3547],{},[20,98240,98241,98243,98244,98246],{},[15,98242,11084],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98245,3547],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[52,98248,1620],{"id":1619},[33,98250,98251,98255,98259,98266,98272,98278],{},[36,98252,98253],{},[200,98254,96091],{"href":97262},[36,98256,98257],{},[200,98258,97101],{"href":97646},[36,98260,98261],{},[200,98262,96577,98264,774],{"href":98263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98265,95966],{},[36,98267,98268],{},[200,98269,96577,98270,774],{"href":97972},[15,98271,55297],{},[36,98273,98274],{},[200,98275,96577,98276,774],{"href":97977},[15,98277,12525],{},[36,98279,98280],{},[200,98281,96577,98283,774],{"href":98282},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98284,14715],{},[1651,98286,98287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":98289},[98290,98292,98293,98294,98301,98302,98311,98320],{"id":97237,"depth":91,"text":98291},"What set.clear() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":97401,"depth":91,"text":98295,"children":98296},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98297,98299],{"id":97414,"depth":134,"text":98298},"Using clear()",{"id":97518,"depth":134,"text":98300},"Using set()",{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":98303},[98304,98306,98308,98310],{"id":97830,"depth":134,"text":98305},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97955,"depth":134,"text":98307},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97982,"depth":134,"text":98309},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98097,"depth":134,"text":98098},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":98312},[98313,98315,98317,98318],{"id":98203,"depth":134,"text":98314},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98213,"depth":134,"text":98316},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98222,"depth":134,"text":98223},{"id":98234,"depth":134,"text":98319},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97151,"description":98321},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98328,"title":98329,"body":98330,"description":100162,"extension":1694,"meta":100163,"navigation":338,"path":96094,"seo":100164,"stem":100165,"__hash__":100166},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98331,"toc":100119},[98332,98335,98338,98341,98343,98446,98450,98497,98503,98505,98524,98528,98531,98533,98547,98556,98560,98563,98598,98602,98622,98625,98629,98632,98693,98697,98722,98729,98735,98740,98742,98754,98758,98807,98811,98835,98842,98846,98887,98891,98912,98916,98949,98953,98994,98997,99001,99006,99045,99049,99074,99079,99085,99122,99126,99149,99153,99155,99158,99161,99238,99242,99279,99282,99286,99292,99295,99305,99354,99360,99366,99393,99396,99418,99420,99451,99454,99458,99462,99501,99505,99568,99571,99604,99608,99633,99635,99638,99644,99647,99674,99677,99695,99699,99703,99706,99749,99752,99756,99759,99762,99792,99795,99799,99802,99817,99822,99826,99829,99918,99920,99923,100013,100016,100034,100036,100040,100050,100054,100062,100066,100069,100073,100076,100080,100083,100085,100113,100116],[10,98333,98329],{"id":98334},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98336,98337],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98339,98340],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[52,98342,3355],{"id":3354},[57,98344,98346],{"className":59,"code":98345,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98347,98348,98368,98402,98412,98416,98426,98436],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98349,98350,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98351,3365],{"class":72},[66,98353,77],{"class":76},[66,98355,10253],{"class":102},[66,98357,2729],{"class":478},[66,98359,121],{"class":102},[66,98361,561],{"class":478},[66,98363,121],{"class":102},[66,98365,2186],{"class":478},[66,98367,9070],{"class":102},[66,98369,98370,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98371,3823],{"class":72},[66,98373,77],{"class":76},[66,98375,15395],{"class":2641},[66,98377,2726],{"class":102},[66,98379,113],{"class":80},[66,98381,3832],{"class":84},[66,98383,113],{"class":80},[66,98385,121],{"class":102},[66,98387,81],{"class":80},[66,98389,627],{"class":84},[66,98391,113],{"class":80},[66,98393,121],{"class":102},[66,98395,81],{"class":80},[66,98397,3832],{"class":84},[66,98399,113],{"class":80},[66,98401,3640],{"class":102},[66,98403,98404,98406,98408,98410],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,98405,98053],{"class":72},[66,98407,77],{"class":76},[66,98409,15395],{"class":2641},[66,98411,8402],{"class":102},[66,98413,98414],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,98415,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,98417,98418,98420,98422,98424],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,98419,138],{"class":137},[66,98421,110],{"class":102},[66,98423,3397],{"class":106},[66,98425,131],{"class":102},[66,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,98429,138],{"class":137},[66,98431,110],{"class":102},[66,98433,3866],{"class":106},[66,98435,131],{"class":102},[66,98437,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,98439,138],{"class":137},[66,98441,110],{"class":102},[66,98443,98072],{"class":106},[66,98445,131],{"class":102},[20,98447,98448],{},[398,98449,148],{},[57,98451,98453],{"className":59,"code":98452,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98454,98455,98471,98491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98456,98457,98459,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98458,9039],{"class":102},[66,98460,2729],{"class":478},[66,98462,121],{"class":102},[66,98464,561],{"class":478},[66,98466,121],{"class":102},[66,98468,2186],{"class":478},[66,98470,9070],{"class":102},[66,98472,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98474,9039],{"class":102},[66,98476,3044],{"class":80},[66,98478,627],{"class":84},[66,98480,3044],{"class":80},[66,98482,121],{"class":102},[66,98484,3039],{"class":80},[66,98486,3832],{"class":84},[66,98488,3044],{"class":80},[66,98490,9070],{"class":102},[66,98492,98493,98495],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,98494,6039],{"class":2641},[66,98496,8402],{"class":102},[20,98498,98499,98500,98502],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98501,3547],{}," for an empty set.",[52,98504,14924],{"id":14923},[33,98506,98507,98510,98515,98518,98521],{},[36,98508,98509],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[36,98511,98512,98513],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98514,3547],{},[36,98516,98517],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[36,98519,98520],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[36,98522,98523],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[52,98525,98527],{"id":98526},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98529,98530],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98532,30307],{},[33,98534,98535,98538,98541,98544],{},[36,98536,98537],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[36,98539,98540],{},"Sets are unordered",[36,98542,98543],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[36,98545,98546],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98548,98549,98550,2617,98552,103],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[200,98551,96091],{"href":97262},[200,98553,98555],{"href":98554},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[52,98557,98559],{"id":98558},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98561,98562],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[57,98564,98566],{"className":59,"code":98565,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98567,98568,98588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98569,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98571,3365],{"class":72},[66,98573,77],{"class":76},[66,98575,10253],{"class":102},[66,98577,2729],{"class":478},[66,98579,121],{"class":102},[66,98581,561],{"class":478},[66,98583,121],{"class":102},[66,98585,2186],{"class":478},[66,98587,9070],{"class":102},[66,98589,98590,98592,98594,98596],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98591,138],{"class":137},[66,98593,110],{"class":102},[66,98595,3397],{"class":106},[66,98597,131],{"class":102},[20,98599,98600],{},[398,98601,29796],{},[57,98603,98604],{"className":59,"code":96370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98605,98606],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98607,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98609,9039],{"class":102},[66,98611,2729],{"class":478},[66,98613,121],{"class":102},[66,98615,561],{"class":478},[66,98617,121],{"class":102},[66,98619,2186],{"class":478},[66,98621,9070],{"class":102},[20,98623,98624],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[258,98626,98628],{"id":98627},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98630,98631],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[57,98633,98635],{"className":59,"code":98634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98636,98637,98669,98679],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98638,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98640,3365],{"class":72},[66,98642,77],{"class":76},[66,98644,10253],{"class":102},[66,98646,2729],{"class":478},[66,98648,121],{"class":102},[66,98650,561],{"class":478},[66,98652,121],{"class":102},[66,98654,561],{"class":478},[66,98656,121],{"class":102},[66,98658,2186],{"class":478},[66,98660,121],{"class":102},[66,98662,2186],{"class":478},[66,98664,121],{"class":102},[66,98666,2186],{"class":478},[66,98668,9070],{"class":102},[66,98670,98671,98673,98675,98677],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98672,138],{"class":137},[66,98674,110],{"class":102},[66,98676,3397],{"class":106},[66,98678,131],{"class":102},[66,98680,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,98682,138],{"class":137},[66,98684,110],{"class":102},[66,98686,10924],{"class":137},[66,98688,110],{"class":102},[66,98690,3397],{"class":106},[66,98692,1330],{"class":102},[20,98694,98695],{},[398,98696,29796],{},[57,98698,98700],{"className":59,"code":98699,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98701,98702,98718],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98703,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98705,9039],{"class":102},[66,98707,2729],{"class":478},[66,98709,121],{"class":102},[66,98711,561],{"class":478},[66,98713,121],{"class":102},[66,98715,2186],{"class":478},[66,98717,9070],{"class":102},[66,98719,98720],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98721,46384],{"class":478},[20,98723,20741,98724,798,98726,98728],{},[15,98725,1788],{},[15,98727,1794],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[52,98730,98732,98733],{"id":98731},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98734,3547],{},[20,98736,160,98737,98739],{},[15,98738,3547],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98741,5211],{},[33,98743,98744,98746,98748,98750],{},[36,98745,96850],{},[36,98747,96146],{},[36,98749,56233],{},[36,98751,98752],{},[15,98753,35965],{},[258,98755,98757],{"id":98756},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[57,98759,98761],{"className":59,"code":98760,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98762,98763,98797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98766,3365],{"class":72},[66,98768,77],{"class":76},[66,98770,15395],{"class":2641},[66,98772,2726],{"class":102},[66,98774,2729],{"class":478},[66,98776,121],{"class":102},[66,98778,561],{"class":478},[66,98780,121],{"class":102},[66,98782,561],{"class":478},[66,98784,121],{"class":102},[66,98786,2186],{"class":478},[66,98788,121],{"class":102},[66,98790,2186],{"class":478},[66,98792,121],{"class":102},[66,98794,2192],{"class":478},[66,98796,3640],{"class":102},[66,98798,98799,98801,98803,98805],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98800,138],{"class":137},[66,98802,110],{"class":102},[66,98804,3397],{"class":106},[66,98806,131],{"class":102},[20,98808,98809],{},[398,98810,29796],{},[57,98812,98813],{"className":59,"code":96033,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98814,98815],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98816,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98818,9039],{"class":102},[66,98820,2729],{"class":478},[66,98822,121],{"class":102},[66,98824,561],{"class":478},[66,98826,121],{"class":102},[66,98828,2186],{"class":478},[66,98830,121],{"class":102},[66,98832,2192],{"class":478},[66,98834,9070],{"class":102},[20,98836,98837,98838,103],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[200,98839,98841],{"href":98840},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[258,98843,98845],{"id":98844},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[57,98847,98849],{"className":59,"code":98848,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98850,98851,98877],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98852,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98854,3573],{"class":72},[66,98856,77],{"class":76},[66,98858,15395],{"class":2641},[66,98860,5264],{"class":102},[66,98862,2064],{"class":478},[66,98864,121],{"class":102},[66,98866,7546],{"class":478},[66,98868,121],{"class":102},[66,98870,7546],{"class":478},[66,98872,121],{"class":102},[66,98874,7551],{"class":478},[66,98876,1330],{"class":102},[66,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98880,138],{"class":137},[66,98882,110],{"class":102},[66,98884,5114],{"class":106},[66,98886,131],{"class":102},[20,98888,98889],{},[398,98890,29796],{},[57,98892,98894],{"className":59,"code":98893,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98895,98896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98897,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98899,9039],{"class":102},[66,98901,2064],{"class":478},[66,98903,121],{"class":102},[66,98905,7546],{"class":478},[66,98907,121],{"class":102},[66,98909,7551],{"class":478},[66,98911,9070],{"class":102},[258,98913,98915],{"id":98914},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[57,98917,98919],{"className":59,"code":98918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98920,98921,98939],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98922,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98924,35857],{"class":72},[66,98926,77],{"class":76},[66,98928,15395],{"class":2641},[66,98930,110],{"class":102},[66,98932,113],{"class":80},[66,98934,939],{"class":84},[66,98936,113],{"class":80},[66,98938,131],{"class":102},[66,98940,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,98942,138],{"class":137},[66,98944,110],{"class":102},[66,98946,35910],{"class":106},[66,98948,131],{"class":102},[20,98950,98951],{},[398,98952,29796],{},[57,98954,98956],{"className":59,"code":98955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98957,98958],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98961,9039],{"class":102},[66,98963,3044],{"class":80},[66,98965,60206],{"class":84},[66,98967,3044],{"class":80},[66,98969,121],{"class":102},[66,98971,3039],{"class":80},[66,98973,60215],{"class":84},[66,98975,3044],{"class":80},[66,98977,121],{"class":102},[66,98979,3039],{"class":80},[66,98981,60224],{"class":84},[66,98983,3044],{"class":80},[66,98985,121],{"class":102},[66,98987,3039],{"class":80},[66,98989,656],{"class":84},[66,98991,3044],{"class":80},[66,98993,9070],{"class":102},[20,98995,98996],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[52,98998,99000],{"id":98999},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99002,99003,99004,103],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99005,3547],{},[57,99007,99009],{"className":59,"code":99008,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99010,99011,99021,99031],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99014,98053],{"class":72},[66,99016,77],{"class":76},[66,99018,15395],{"class":2641},[66,99020,8402],{"class":102},[66,99022,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99024,138],{"class":137},[66,99026,110],{"class":102},[66,99028,98072],{"class":106},[66,99030,131],{"class":102},[66,99032,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,99034,138],{"class":137},[66,99036,110],{"class":102},[66,99038,2964],{"class":2641},[66,99040,110],{"class":102},[66,99042,98072],{"class":106},[66,99044,1330],{"class":102},[20,99046,99047],{},[398,99048,148],{},[57,99050,99052],{"className":59,"code":99051,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99053,99054,99060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99055,99056,99058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99057,6039],{"class":2641},[66,99059,8402],{"class":102},[66,99061,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99063,3033],{"class":76},[66,99065,3036],{"class":1797},[66,99067,3039],{"class":80},[66,99069,6039],{"class":84},[66,99071,3044],{"class":80},[66,99073,3047],{"class":76},[258,99075,44195,99077],{"id":99076},"do-not-use",[15,99078,3542],{},[20,99080,99081,99082,99084],{},"Empty braces do ",[398,99083,4383],{}," create a set.",[57,99086,99088],{"className":59,"code":99087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99089,99090,99098,99108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99091,99092,99094,99096],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99093,97997],{"class":72},[66,99095,77],{"class":76},[66,99097,9600],{"class":102},[66,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99101,138],{"class":137},[66,99103,110],{"class":102},[66,99105,98014],{"class":106},[66,99107,131],{"class":102},[66,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,99111,138],{"class":137},[66,99113,110],{"class":102},[66,99115,2964],{"class":2641},[66,99117,110],{"class":102},[66,99119,98014],{"class":106},[66,99121,1330],{"class":102},[20,99123,99124],{},[398,99125,148],{},[57,99127,99129],{"className":59,"code":99128,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99130,99131,99135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99132,99133],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99134,9196],{"class":102},[66,99136,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99138,3033],{"class":76},[66,99140,3036],{"class":1797},[66,99142,3039],{"class":80},[66,99144,8581],{"class":84},[66,99146,3044],{"class":80},[66,99148,3047],{"class":76},[20,99150,99151,8548],{},[15,99152,3542],{},[52,99154,72033],{"id":72032},[20,99156,99157],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99159,99160],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[57,99162,99164],{"className":59,"code":99163,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99165,99166,99214,99224],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99167,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99169,3823],{"class":72},[66,99171,77],{"class":76},[66,99173,10253],{"class":102},[66,99175,113],{"class":80},[66,99177,3832],{"class":84},[66,99179,113],{"class":80},[66,99181,121],{"class":102},[66,99183,81],{"class":80},[66,99185,627],{"class":84},[66,99187,113],{"class":80},[66,99189,121],{"class":102},[66,99191,81],{"class":80},[66,99193,3832],{"class":84},[66,99195,113],{"class":80},[66,99197,121],{"class":102},[66,99199,81],{"class":80},[66,99201,3832],{"class":84},[66,99203,113],{"class":80},[66,99205,121],{"class":102},[66,99207,81],{"class":80},[66,99209,32989],{"class":84},[66,99211,113],{"class":80},[66,99213,9070],{"class":102},[66,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99217,138],{"class":137},[66,99219,110],{"class":102},[66,99221,3866],{"class":106},[66,99223,131],{"class":102},[66,99225,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,99227,138],{"class":137},[66,99229,110],{"class":102},[66,99231,10924],{"class":137},[66,99233,110],{"class":102},[66,99235,3866],{"class":106},[66,99237,1330],{"class":102},[20,99239,99240],{},[398,99241,29796],{},[57,99243,99245],{"className":59,"code":99244,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99246,99247,99275],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99248,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99250,9039],{"class":102},[66,99252,3044],{"class":80},[66,99254,627],{"class":84},[66,99256,3044],{"class":80},[66,99258,121],{"class":102},[66,99260,3039],{"class":80},[66,99262,32989],{"class":84},[66,99264,3044],{"class":80},[66,99266,121],{"class":102},[66,99268,3039],{"class":80},[66,99270,3832],{"class":84},[66,99272,3044],{"class":80},[66,99274,9070],{"class":102},[66,99276,99277],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99278,46384],{"class":478},[20,99280,99281],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[52,99283,99285],{"id":99284},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99287,99288,99289,99291],{},"Set items must be ",[398,99290,96134],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99293,99294],{},"These usually work:",[33,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303],{},[36,99298,56230],{},[36,99300,56233],{},[36,99302,96146],{},[36,99304,40362],{},[57,99306,99308],{"className":59,"code":99307,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99309,99310,99344],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99311,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99313,3573],{"class":72},[66,99315,77],{"class":76},[66,99317,10253],{"class":102},[66,99319,2729],{"class":478},[66,99321,121],{"class":102},[66,99323,81],{"class":80},[66,99325,3832],{"class":84},[66,99327,113],{"class":80},[66,99329,121],{"class":102},[66,99331,8997],{"class":102},[66,99333,2064],{"class":478},[66,99335,121],{"class":102},[66,99337,7546],{"class":478},[66,99339,8994],{"class":102},[66,99341,3668],{"class":3602},[66,99343,9070],{"class":102},[66,99345,99346,99348,99350,99352],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99347,138],{"class":137},[66,99349,110],{"class":102},[66,99351,5114],{"class":106},[66,99353,131],{"class":102},[20,99355,99356,99357,99359],{},"These do ",[398,99358,4383],{}," work directly:",[33,99361,99362,99364],{},[36,99363,96850],{},[36,99365,96853],{},[57,99367,99369],{"className":59,"code":99368,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99370,99371],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99372,99373,99376,99378,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99374,99375],{"class":72},"bad_set ",[66,99377,77],{"class":76},[66,99379,99380],{"class":102}," {[",[66,99382,2729],{"class":478},[66,99384,121],{"class":102},[66,99386,561],{"class":478},[66,99388,121],{"class":102},[66,99390,2186],{"class":478},[66,99392,13467],{"class":102},[20,99394,99395],{},"This raises an error:",[57,99397,99398],{"className":59,"code":96909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,99399,99400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99401,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99403,2746],{"class":2641},[66,99405,1111],{"class":102},[66,99407,96920],{"class":72},[66,99409,2964],{"class":2641},[66,99411,1111],{"class":102},[66,99413,3039],{"class":80},[66,99415,7851],{"class":84},[66,99417,29466],{"class":80},[20,99419,51847],{},[57,99421,99423],{"className":59,"code":99422,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99424,99425],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99426,99427,99429,99431,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99428,99375],{"class":72},[66,99430,77],{"class":76},[66,99432,99433],{"class":102}," {{",[66,99435,113],{"class":80},[66,99437,7423],{"class":84},[66,99439,113],{"class":80},[66,99441,1111],{"class":102},[66,99443,81],{"class":80},[66,99445,7432],{"class":84},[66,99447,113],{"class":80},[66,99449,99450],{"class":102},"}}\n",[20,99452,99453],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[52,99455,99457],{"id":99456},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[258,99459,99461],{"id":99460},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[57,99463,99465],{"className":59,"code":99464,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99466,99467,99491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99468,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99470,3365],{"class":72},[66,99472,77],{"class":76},[66,99474,10253],{"class":102},[66,99476,2729],{"class":478},[66,99478,121],{"class":102},[66,99480,561],{"class":478},[66,99482,121],{"class":102},[66,99484,2186],{"class":478},[66,99486,121],{"class":102},[66,99488,2192],{"class":478},[66,99490,9070],{"class":102},[66,99492,99493,99495,99497,99499],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99494,138],{"class":137},[66,99496,110],{"class":102},[66,99498,3397],{"class":106},[66,99500,131],{"class":102},[258,99502,99504],{"id":99503},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[57,99506,99508],{"className":59,"code":99507,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99509,99510,99538,99553,99557],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99511,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99513,7535],{"class":72},[66,99515,77],{"class":76},[66,99517,3370],{"class":102},[66,99519,2729],{"class":478},[66,99521,121],{"class":102},[66,99523,479],{"class":478},[66,99525,121],{"class":102},[66,99527,561],{"class":478},[66,99529,121],{"class":102},[66,99531,2186],{"class":478},[66,99533,121],{"class":102},[66,99535,2186],{"class":478},[66,99537,3383],{"class":102},[66,99539,99540,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99541,99542],{"class":72},"unique_items ",[66,99544,77],{"class":76},[66,99546,15395],{"class":2641},[66,99548,110],{"class":102},[66,99550,7566],{"class":106},[66,99552,131],{"class":102},[66,99554,99555],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,99556,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,99558,99559,99561,99563,99566],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,99560,138],{"class":137},[66,99562,110],{"class":102},[66,99564,99565],{"class":106},"unique_items",[66,99567,131],{"class":102},[258,99569,98915],{"id":99570},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[57,99572,99574],{"className":59,"code":99573,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99575,99576,99594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99577,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99579,35857],{"class":72},[66,99581,77],{"class":76},[66,99583,15395],{"class":2641},[66,99585,110],{"class":102},[66,99587,113],{"class":80},[66,99589,627],{"class":84},[66,99591,113],{"class":80},[66,99593,131],{"class":102},[66,99595,99596,99598,99600,99602],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99597,138],{"class":137},[66,99599,110],{"class":102},[66,99601,35910],{"class":106},[66,99603,131],{"class":102},[258,99605,99607],{"id":99606},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[57,99609,99611],{"className":59,"code":99610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99612,99613,99623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99614,99615,99617,99619,99621],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99616,98053],{"class":72},[66,99618,77],{"class":76},[66,99620,15395],{"class":2641},[66,99622,8402],{"class":102},[66,99624,99625,99627,99629,99631],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99626,138],{"class":137},[66,99628,110],{"class":102},[66,99630,98072],{"class":106},[66,99632,131],{"class":102},[52,99634,2568],{"id":2567},[20,99636,99637],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[258,99639,8176,99641,99643],{"id":99640},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99642,3542],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99645,99646],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[57,99648,99650],{"className":59,"code":99649,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99651,99652,99660],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99653,99654,99656,99658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99655,2181],{"class":72},[66,99657,77],{"class":76},[66,99659,9600],{"class":102},[66,99661,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99663,138],{"class":137},[66,99665,110],{"class":102},[66,99667,2964],{"class":2641},[66,99669,110],{"class":102},[66,99671,2208],{"class":106},[66,99673,1330],{"class":102},[20,99675,99676],{},"This prints:",[57,99678,99679],{"className":59,"code":8568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,99680,99681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99682,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99684,3033],{"class":76},[66,99686,3036],{"class":1797},[66,99688,3039],{"class":80},[66,99690,8581],{"class":84},[66,99692,3044],{"class":80},[66,99694,3047],{"class":76},[20,99696,160,99697,6385],{},[15,99698,3547],{},[258,99700,99702],{"id":99701},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99704,99705],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[57,99707,99709],{"className":59,"code":99708,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99710,99711,99739],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99712,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99714,3365],{"class":72},[66,99716,77],{"class":76},[66,99718,10253],{"class":102},[66,99720,2729],{"class":478},[66,99722,121],{"class":102},[66,99724,479],{"class":478},[66,99726,121],{"class":102},[66,99728,561],{"class":478},[66,99730,121],{"class":102},[66,99732,561],{"class":478},[66,99734,121],{"class":102},[66,99736,2186],{"class":478},[66,99738,9070],{"class":102},[66,99740,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99742,138],{"class":137},[66,99744,110],{"class":102},[66,99746,3397],{"class":106},[66,99748,131],{"class":102},[20,99750,99751],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[258,99753,99755],{"id":99754},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99757,99758],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99760,99761],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[57,99763,99765],{"className":59,"code":99764,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99766,99767,99787],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99768,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99770,3365],{"class":72},[66,99772,77],{"class":76},[66,99774,10253],{"class":102},[66,99776,2064],{"class":478},[66,99778,121],{"class":102},[66,99780,7546],{"class":478},[66,99782,121],{"class":102},[66,99784,7551],{"class":478},[66,99786,9070],{"class":102},[66,99788,99789],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99790,99791],{"class":3413},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99793,99794],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[258,99796,99798],{"id":99797},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99800,99801],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[57,99803,99805],{"className":59,"code":99804,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99806,99807,99812],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99808,99809],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99810,99811],{"class":3413},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[66,99813,99814],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99815,99816],{"class":3413},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99818,99819,99820,103],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99821,2746],{},[258,99823,99825],{"id":99824},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99827,99828],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[57,99830,99832],{"className":59,"code":99831,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99833,99834,99854,99886,99890,99904],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99835,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99837,15390],{"class":72},[66,99839,77],{"class":76},[66,99841,10253],{"class":102},[66,99843,2729],{"class":478},[66,99845,121],{"class":102},[66,99847,561],{"class":478},[66,99849,121],{"class":102},[66,99851,2186],{"class":478},[66,99853,9070],{"class":102},[66,99855,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99857,11487],{"class":72},[66,99859,77],{"class":76},[66,99861,10253],{"class":102},[66,99863,113],{"class":80},[66,99865,200],{"class":84},[66,99867,113],{"class":80},[66,99869,1111],{"class":102},[66,99871,479],{"class":478},[66,99873,121],{"class":102},[66,99875,81],{"class":80},[66,99877,4514],{"class":84},[66,99879,113],{"class":80},[66,99881,1111],{"class":102},[66,99883,561],{"class":478},[66,99885,9070],{"class":102},[66,99887,99888],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,99889,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,99891,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,99893,138],{"class":137},[66,99895,110],{"class":102},[66,99897,2964],{"class":2641},[66,99899,110],{"class":102},[66,99901,15428],{"class":106},[66,99903,1330],{"class":102},[66,99905,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,99907,138],{"class":137},[66,99909,110],{"class":102},[66,99911,2964],{"class":2641},[66,99913,110],{"class":102},[66,99915,11212],{"class":106},[66,99917,1330],{"class":102},[52,99919,92546],{"id":92545},[20,99921,99922],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[57,99924,99926],{"className":59,"code":99925,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99927,99928,99954,99958,99972,99982,99996,100003],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99929,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99931,15390],{"class":72},[66,99933,77],{"class":76},[66,99935,15395],{"class":2641},[66,99937,2726],{"class":102},[66,99939,2729],{"class":478},[66,99941,121],{"class":102},[66,99943,561],{"class":478},[66,99945,121],{"class":102},[66,99947,561],{"class":478},[66,99949,121],{"class":102},[66,99951,2186],{"class":478},[66,99953,3640],{"class":102},[66,99955,99956],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,99957,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,99959,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99970],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,99961,138],{"class":137},[66,99963,110],{"class":102},[66,99965,2964],{"class":2641},[66,99967,110],{"class":102},[66,99969,15428],{"class":106},[66,99971,1330],{"class":102},[66,99973,99974,99976,99978,99980],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,99975,138],{"class":137},[66,99977,110],{"class":102},[66,99979,15428],{"class":106},[66,99981,131],{"class":102},[66,99983,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,99985,138],{"class":137},[66,99987,110],{"class":102},[66,99989,10924],{"class":137},[66,99991,110],{"class":102},[66,99993,15428],{"class":106},[66,99995,1330],{"class":102},[66,99997,99998,100000],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,99999,138],{"class":137},[66,100001,100002],{"class":102},"({})\n",[66,100004,100005,100007,100009,100011],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,100006,138],{"class":137},[66,100008,110],{"class":102},[66,100010,6039],{"class":2641},[66,100012,6949],{"class":102},[20,100014,100015],{},"Use these to confirm:",[33,100017,100018,100021,100024,100027],{},[36,100019,100020],{},"The object type",[36,100022,100023],{},"The actual values stored",[36,100025,100026],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[36,100028,100029,100030,798,100032],{},"The difference between ",[15,100031,3542],{},[15,100033,3547],{},[52,100035,1518],{"id":1517},[258,100037,100039],{"id":100038},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100041,100042,100043,100046,100047,100049],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100044,100045],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100048,3547],{}," with another iterable.",[258,100051,100053],{"id":100052},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100055,160,100056,100058,100059,100061],{},[15,100057,3547],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100060,3542],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[258,100063,100065],{"id":100064},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100067,100068],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[258,100070,100072],{"id":100071},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100074,100075],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[258,100077,100079],{"id":100078},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100081,100082],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[52,100084,1620],{"id":1619},[33,100086,100087,100091,100097,100103,100108],{},[36,100088,100089],{},[200,100090,96091],{"href":97262},[36,100092,100093],{},[200,100094,3321,100095,774],{"href":98263},[15,100096,95971],{},[36,100098,100099],{},[200,100100,3321,100101,774],{"href":98282},[15,100102,97077],{},[36,100104,100105],{},[200,100106,100107],{"href":98840},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[36,100109,100110],{},[200,100111,100112],{"href":98554},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100114,100115],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1651,100117,100118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":100120},[100121,100122,100123,100124,100127,100133,100137,100138,100139,100145,100153,100154,100161],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":14923,"depth":91,"text":14924},{"id":98526,"depth":91,"text":98527},{"id":98558,"depth":91,"text":98559,"children":100125},[100126],{"id":98627,"depth":134,"text":98628},{"id":98731,"depth":91,"text":100128,"children":100129},"Create a set with set()",[100130,100131,100132],{"id":98756,"depth":134,"text":98757},{"id":98844,"depth":134,"text":98845},{"id":98914,"depth":134,"text":98915},{"id":98999,"depth":91,"text":99000,"children":100134},[100135],{"id":99076,"depth":134,"text":100136},"Do not use {}",{"id":72032,"depth":91,"text":72033},{"id":99284,"depth":91,"text":99285},{"id":99456,"depth":91,"text":99457,"children":100140},[100141,100142,100143,100144],{"id":99460,"depth":134,"text":99461},{"id":99503,"depth":134,"text":99504},{"id":99570,"depth":134,"text":98915},{"id":99606,"depth":134,"text":99607},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":100146},[100147,100149,100150,100151,100152],{"id":99640,"depth":134,"text":100148},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99701,"depth":134,"text":99702},{"id":99754,"depth":134,"text":99755},{"id":99797,"depth":134,"text":99798},{"id":99824,"depth":134,"text":99825},{"id":92545,"depth":91,"text":92546},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":100155},[100156,100157,100158,100159,100160],{"id":100038,"depth":134,"text":100039},{"id":100052,"depth":134,"text":100053},{"id":100064,"depth":134,"text":100065},{"id":100071,"depth":134,"text":100072},{"id":100078,"depth":134,"text":100079},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98329,"description":100162},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100168,"title":100169,"body":100170,"description":102601,"extension":1694,"meta":102602,"navigation":338,"path":102603,"seo":102604,"stem":102605,"__hash__":102606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100171,"toc":102566},[100172,100178,100184,100187,100189,100266,100268,100285,100295,100297,100302,100310,100312,100328,100332,100334,100336,100339,100360,100363,100387,100393,100395,100492,100494,100511,100521,100523,100525,100533,100535,100546,100548,100639,100641,100665,100676,100678,100680,100683,100813,100815,100888,100890,100911,100914,100916,100922,100927,100930,101057,101059,101076,101079,101081,101089,101092,101096,101104,101195,101197,101234,101239,101246,101323,101325,101341,101346,101351,101353,101362,101370,101451,101453,101482,101485,101489,101500,101503,101586,101588,101609,101615,101617,101619,101623,101627,101634,101699,101701,101721,101724,101793,101795,101811,101815,101821,101833,101841,101843,101928,101930,101959,101962,101966,101971,101973,102023,102026,102107,102109,102125,102129,102132,102207,102210,102214,102217,102294,102296,102329,102335,102339,102342,102477,102479,102493,102495,102497,102503,102506,102513,102521,102527,102530,102534,102537,102539,102541,102563],[10,100173,95963,100175,18],{"id":100174},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100176,100177],{},"difference()",[20,100179,100180,100183],{},[15,100181,100182],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100185,100186],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[52,100188,3355],{"id":3354},[57,100190,100192],{"className":59,"code":100191,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100193,100194,100218,100238,100256],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100195,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214,100216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100197,2291],{"class":72},[66,100199,77],{"class":76},[66,100201,10253],{"class":102},[66,100203,2729],{"class":478},[66,100205,121],{"class":102},[66,100207,561],{"class":478},[66,100209,121],{"class":102},[66,100211,2186],{"class":478},[66,100213,121],{"class":102},[66,100215,2192],{"class":478},[66,100217,9070],{"class":102},[66,100219,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,100221,2319],{"class":72},[66,100223,77],{"class":76},[66,100225,10253],{"class":102},[66,100227,1794],{"class":478},[66,100229,121],{"class":102},[66,100231,2192],{"class":478},[66,100233,121],{"class":102},[66,100235,4357],{"class":478},[66,100237,9070],{"class":102},[66,100239,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,100241,447],{"class":72},[66,100243,77],{"class":76},[66,100245,56656],{"class":72},[66,100247,103],{"class":102},[66,100249,2549],{"class":106},[66,100251,110],{"class":102},[66,100253,4514],{"class":106},[66,100255,131],{"class":102},[66,100257,100258,100260,100262,100264],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,100259,138],{"class":137},[66,100261,110],{"class":102},[66,100263,494],{"class":106},[66,100265,131],{"class":102},[20,100267,148],{},[57,100269,100271],{"className":59,"code":100270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100272,100273],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100274,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100276,9039],{"class":102},[66,100278,2729],{"class":478},[66,100280,121],{"class":102},[66,100282,561],{"class":478},[66,100284,9070],{"class":102},[20,100286,100287,100289,100290,100292,100293,103],{},[15,100288,100177],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100291,200],{}," that are not in ",[15,100294,4514],{},[44683,100296],{},[52,100298,168,100300,41],{"id":100299},"what-difference-does",[15,100301,100177],{},[20,100303,1711,100304,100306,100307,100309],{},[15,100305,100177],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[398,100308,4383],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100311,178],{},[33,100313,100314,100319,100322,100325],{},[36,100315,100316,100318],{},[15,100317,100177],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[36,100320,100321],{},"It creates a new set",[36,100323,100324],{},"It does not change the original set",[36,100326,100327],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100329,96087,100330,103],{},[200,100331,96091],{"href":97262},[44683,100333],{},[52,100335,1891],{"id":1890},[20,100337,100338],{},"Use this form:",[57,100340,100342],{"className":59,"code":100341,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100343,100344],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100345,100346,100349,100351,100353,100355,100358],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100347,100348],{"class":72},"set1",[66,100350,103],{"class":102},[66,100352,2549],{"class":106},[66,100354,110],{"class":102},[66,100356,100357],{"class":106},"set2",[66,100359,131],{"class":102},[20,100361,100362],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[57,100364,100366],{"className":59,"code":100365,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100367,100368],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100369,100370,100372,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100385],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100371,100348],{"class":72},[66,100373,103],{"class":102},[66,100375,2549],{"class":106},[66,100377,110],{"class":102},[66,100379,100357],{"class":106},[66,100381,121],{"class":102},[66,100383,100384],{"class":106}," set3",[66,100386,131],{"class":102},[20,100388,100389,100390,100392],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[398,100391,5109],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100394,923],{},[57,100396,100398],{"className":59,"code":100397,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100399,100400,100428,100444,100456,100460,100482],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100401,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100403,2291],{"class":72},[66,100405,77],{"class":76},[66,100407,10253],{"class":102},[66,100409,2729],{"class":478},[66,100411,121],{"class":102},[66,100413,561],{"class":478},[66,100415,121],{"class":102},[66,100417,2186],{"class":478},[66,100419,121],{"class":102},[66,100421,2192],{"class":478},[66,100423,121],{"class":102},[66,100425,4357],{"class":478},[66,100427,9070],{"class":102},[66,100429,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,100431,2319],{"class":72},[66,100433,77],{"class":76},[66,100435,10253],{"class":102},[66,100437,1788],{"class":478},[66,100439,121],{"class":102},[66,100441,2186],{"class":478},[66,100443,9070],{"class":102},[66,100445,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,100447,82950],{"class":72},[66,100449,77],{"class":76},[66,100451,10253],{"class":102},[66,100453,1869],{"class":478},[66,100455,9070],{"class":102},[66,100457,100458],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,100459,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,100461,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,100463,447],{"class":72},[66,100465,77],{"class":76},[66,100467,56656],{"class":72},[66,100469,103],{"class":102},[66,100471,2549],{"class":106},[66,100473,110],{"class":102},[66,100475,4514],{"class":106},[66,100477,121],{"class":102},[66,100479,9443],{"class":106},[66,100481,131],{"class":102},[66,100483,100484,100486,100488,100490],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,100485,138],{"class":137},[66,100487,110],{"class":102},[66,100489,494],{"class":106},[66,100491,131],{"class":102},[20,100493,148],{},[57,100495,100497],{"className":59,"code":100496,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100498,100499],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100500,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100502,9039],{"class":102},[66,100504,2729],{"class":478},[66,100506,121],{"class":102},[66,100508,2192],{"class":478},[66,100510,9070],{"class":102},[20,100512,100513,100514,100516,100517,2617,100519,103],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100515,200],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100518,4514],{},[15,100520,9501],{},[44683,100522],{},[52,100524,17180],{"id":17179},[20,100526,100527,100529,100530,103],{},[15,100528,100177],{}," always returns a ",[398,100531,100532],{},"new set",[20,100534,43416],{},[33,100536,100537,100540,100543],{},[36,100538,100539],{},"The return value is a new set",[36,100541,100542],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[36,100544,100545],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100547,923],{},[57,100549,100551],{"className":59,"code":100550,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100552,100553,100569,100589,100593,100611,100615,100625],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100554,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100556,2291],{"class":72},[66,100558,77],{"class":76},[66,100560,10253],{"class":102},[66,100562,2729],{"class":478},[66,100564,121],{"class":102},[66,100566,561],{"class":478},[66,100568,9070],{"class":102},[66,100570,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,100572,2319],{"class":72},[66,100574,77],{"class":76},[66,100576,10253],{"class":102},[66,100578,2729],{"class":478},[66,100580,121],{"class":102},[66,100582,561],{"class":478},[66,100584,121],{"class":102},[66,100586,2186],{"class":478},[66,100588,9070],{"class":102},[66,100590,100591],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,100592,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,100594,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,100596,447],{"class":72},[66,100598,77],{"class":76},[66,100600,56656],{"class":72},[66,100602,103],{"class":102},[66,100604,2549],{"class":106},[66,100606,110],{"class":102},[66,100608,4514],{"class":106},[66,100610,131],{"class":102},[66,100612,100613],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,100614,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,100616,100617,100619,100621,100623],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,100618,138],{"class":137},[66,100620,110],{"class":102},[66,100622,494],{"class":106},[66,100624,131],{"class":102},[66,100626,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,100628,138],{"class":137},[66,100630,110],{"class":102},[66,100632,2964],{"class":2641},[66,100634,110],{"class":102},[66,100636,494],{"class":106},[66,100638,1330],{"class":102},[20,100640,148],{},[57,100642,100643],{"className":59,"code":99051,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,100644,100645,100651],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100646,100647,100649],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100648,6039],{"class":2641},[66,100650,8402],{"class":102},[66,100652,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,100654,3033],{"class":76},[66,100656,3036],{"class":1797},[66,100658,3039],{"class":80},[66,100660,6039],{"class":84},[66,100662,3044],{"class":80},[66,100664,3047],{"class":76},[20,100666,100667,100668,18726,100670,100672,100673,100675],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100669,3547],{},[15,100671,3542],{},". In Python, ",[15,100674,3542],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44683,100677],{},[52,100679,11238],{"id":11237},[20,100681,100682],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[57,100684,100686],{"className":59,"code":100685,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100687,100688,100721,100754,100758,100778,100782,100792,100803],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100689,100690,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100691,100692],{"class":72},"fruits_a ",[66,100694,77],{"class":76},[66,100696,10253],{"class":102},[66,100698,113],{"class":80},[66,100700,3832],{"class":84},[66,100702,113],{"class":80},[66,100704,121],{"class":102},[66,100706,81],{"class":80},[66,100708,627],{"class":84},[66,100710,113],{"class":80},[66,100712,121],{"class":102},[66,100714,81],{"class":80},[66,100716,32989],{"class":84},[66,100718,113],{"class":80},[66,100720,9070],{"class":102},[66,100722,100723,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,100724,100725],{"class":72},"fruits_b ",[66,100727,77],{"class":76},[66,100729,10253],{"class":102},[66,100731,113],{"class":80},[66,100733,627],{"class":84},[66,100735,113],{"class":80},[66,100737,121],{"class":102},[66,100739,81],{"class":80},[66,100741,32989],{"class":84},[66,100743,113],{"class":80},[66,100745,121],{"class":102},[66,100747,81],{"class":80},[66,100749,22297],{"class":84},[66,100751,113],{"class":80},[66,100753,9070],{"class":102},[66,100755,100756],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,100757,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,100759,100760,100762,100764,100767,100769,100771,100773,100776],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,100761,447],{"class":72},[66,100763,77],{"class":76},[66,100765,100766],{"class":72}," fruits_a",[66,100768,103],{"class":102},[66,100770,2549],{"class":106},[66,100772,110],{"class":102},[66,100774,100775],{"class":106},"fruits_b",[66,100777,131],{"class":102},[66,100779,100780],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,100781,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,100783,100784,100786,100788,100790],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,100785,138],{"class":137},[66,100787,110],{"class":102},[66,100789,494],{"class":106},[66,100791,131],{"class":102},[66,100793,100794,100796,100798,100801],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,100795,138],{"class":137},[66,100797,110],{"class":102},[66,100799,100800],{"class":106},"fruits_a",[66,100802,131],{"class":102},[66,100804,100805,100807,100809,100811],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,100806,138],{"class":137},[66,100808,110],{"class":102},[66,100810,100775],{"class":106},[66,100812,131],{"class":102},[20,100814,29796],{},[57,100816,100818],{"className":59,"code":100817,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100819,100820,100832,100860],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100821,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100823,9039],{"class":102},[66,100825,3044],{"class":80},[66,100827,3832],{"class":84},[66,100829,3044],{"class":80},[66,100831,9070],{"class":102},[66,100833,100834,100836,100838,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,100835,9039],{"class":102},[66,100837,3044],{"class":80},[66,100839,627],{"class":84},[66,100841,3044],{"class":80},[66,100843,121],{"class":102},[66,100845,3039],{"class":80},[66,100847,32989],{"class":84},[66,100849,3044],{"class":80},[66,100851,121],{"class":102},[66,100853,3039],{"class":80},[66,100855,3832],{"class":84},[66,100857,3044],{"class":80},[66,100859,9070],{"class":102},[66,100861,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,100863,9039],{"class":102},[66,100865,3044],{"class":80},[66,100867,627],{"class":84},[66,100869,3044],{"class":80},[66,100871,121],{"class":102},[66,100873,3039],{"class":80},[66,100875,32989],{"class":84},[66,100877,3044],{"class":80},[66,100879,121],{"class":102},[66,100881,3039],{"class":80},[66,100883,22297],{"class":84},[66,100885,3044],{"class":80},[66,100887,9070],{"class":102},[20,100889,11447],{},[33,100891,100892,100897,100902,100908],{},[36,100893,100894,100895],{},"Start with ",[15,100896,100800],{},[36,100898,100899,100900],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100901,100775],{},[36,100903,100904,100905,100907],{},"Only ",[15,100906,57602],{}," remains",[36,100909,100910],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100912,100913],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44683,100915],{},[52,100917,8176,100919,100921],{"id":100918},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100920,100177],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100923,100924,100925,103],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100926,100177],{},[20,100928,100929],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[57,100931,100933],{"className":59,"code":100932,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100934,100935,100967,100984,100997,101014,101018,101047],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100936,100937,100939,100941,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100938,3365],{"class":72},[66,100940,77],{"class":76},[66,100942,10253],{"class":102},[66,100944,2729],{"class":478},[66,100946,121],{"class":102},[66,100948,561],{"class":478},[66,100950,121],{"class":102},[66,100952,2186],{"class":478},[66,100954,121],{"class":102},[66,100956,2192],{"class":478},[66,100958,121],{"class":102},[66,100960,4357],{"class":478},[66,100962,121],{"class":102},[66,100964,37409],{"class":478},[66,100966,9070],{"class":102},[66,100968,100969,100972,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,100970,100971],{"class":72},"group_a ",[66,100973,77],{"class":76},[66,100975,10253],{"class":102},[66,100977,1788],{"class":478},[66,100979,121],{"class":102},[66,100981,2192],{"class":478},[66,100983,9070],{"class":102},[66,100985,100986,100989,100991,100993,100995],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,100987,100988],{"class":72},"group_b ",[66,100990,77],{"class":76},[66,100992,10253],{"class":102},[66,100994,1869],{"class":478},[66,100996,9070],{"class":102},[66,100998,100999,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101000,101001],{"class":72},"group_c ",[66,101003,77],{"class":76},[66,101005,10253],{"class":102},[66,101007,80358],{"class":478},[66,101009,121],{"class":102},[66,101011,5746],{"class":478},[66,101013,9070],{"class":102},[66,101015,101016],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101017,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101019,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101035,101037,101040,101042,101045],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,101021,447],{"class":72},[66,101023,77],{"class":76},[66,101025,4016],{"class":72},[66,101027,103],{"class":102},[66,101029,2549],{"class":106},[66,101031,110],{"class":102},[66,101033,101034],{"class":106},"group_a",[66,101036,121],{"class":102},[66,101038,101039],{"class":106}," group_b",[66,101041,121],{"class":102},[66,101043,101044],{"class":106}," group_c",[66,101046,131],{"class":102},[66,101048,101049,101051,101053,101055],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,101050,138],{"class":137},[66,101052,110],{"class":102},[66,101054,494],{"class":106},[66,101056,131],{"class":102},[20,101058,148],{},[57,101060,101062],{"className":59,"code":101061,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101063,101064],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101065,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101067,9039],{"class":102},[66,101069,2729],{"class":478},[66,101071,121],{"class":102},[66,101073,2186],{"class":478},[66,101075,9070],{"class":102},[20,101077,101078],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44683,101080],{},[52,101082,101084,10348,101086],{"id":101083},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101085,100177],{},[15,101087,101088],{},"difference_update()",[20,101090,101091],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[258,101093,101094],{"id":2549},[15,101095,100177],{},[33,101097,101098,101101],{},[36,101099,101100],{},"Returns a new set",[36,101102,101103],{},"Does not change the original set",[57,101105,101107],{"className":59,"code":101106,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101108,101109,101133,101149,101153,101171,101175,101185],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101110,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101112,2291],{"class":72},[66,101114,77],{"class":76},[66,101116,10253],{"class":102},[66,101118,2729],{"class":478},[66,101120,121],{"class":102},[66,101122,561],{"class":478},[66,101124,121],{"class":102},[66,101126,2186],{"class":478},[66,101128,121],{"class":102},[66,101130,2192],{"class":478},[66,101132,9070],{"class":102},[66,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101136,2319],{"class":72},[66,101138,77],{"class":76},[66,101140,10253],{"class":102},[66,101142,1794],{"class":478},[66,101144,121],{"class":102},[66,101146,2192],{"class":478},[66,101148,9070],{"class":102},[66,101150,101151],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,101152,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101154,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101156,447],{"class":72},[66,101158,77],{"class":76},[66,101160,56656],{"class":72},[66,101162,103],{"class":102},[66,101164,2549],{"class":106},[66,101166,110],{"class":102},[66,101168,4514],{"class":106},[66,101170,131],{"class":102},[66,101172,101173],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101174,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101176,101177,101179,101181,101183],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,101178,138],{"class":137},[66,101180,110],{"class":102},[66,101182,494],{"class":106},[66,101184,131],{"class":102},[66,101186,101187,101189,101191,101193],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,101188,138],{"class":137},[66,101190,110],{"class":102},[66,101192,200],{"class":106},[66,101194,131],{"class":102},[20,101196,148],{},[57,101198,101200],{"className":59,"code":101199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101201,101202,101214],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101203,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101205,9039],{"class":102},[66,101207,2729],{"class":478},[66,101209,121],{"class":102},[66,101211,561],{"class":478},[66,101213,9070],{"class":102},[66,101215,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101217,9039],{"class":102},[66,101219,2729],{"class":478},[66,101221,121],{"class":102},[66,101223,561],{"class":478},[66,101225,121],{"class":102},[66,101227,2186],{"class":478},[66,101229,121],{"class":102},[66,101231,2192],{"class":478},[66,101233,9070],{"class":102},[258,101235,101237],{"id":101236},"difference_update",[15,101238,101088],{},[33,101240,101241,101244],{},[36,101242,101243],{},"Changes the original set",[36,101245,96081],{},[57,101247,101249],{"className":59,"code":101248,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101250,101251,101275,101291,101295,101309,101313],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101254,2291],{"class":72},[66,101256,77],{"class":76},[66,101258,10253],{"class":102},[66,101260,2729],{"class":478},[66,101262,121],{"class":102},[66,101264,561],{"class":478},[66,101266,121],{"class":102},[66,101268,2186],{"class":478},[66,101270,121],{"class":102},[66,101272,2192],{"class":478},[66,101274,9070],{"class":102},[66,101276,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287,101289],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101278,2319],{"class":72},[66,101280,77],{"class":76},[66,101282,10253],{"class":102},[66,101284,1794],{"class":478},[66,101286,121],{"class":102},[66,101288,2192],{"class":478},[66,101290,9070],{"class":102},[66,101292,101293],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,101294,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101296,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101298,200],{"class":72},[66,101300,103],{"class":102},[66,101302,101236],{"class":106},[66,101304,110],{"class":102},[66,101306,4514],{"class":106},[66,101308,131],{"class":102},[66,101310,101311],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101312,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101314,101315,101317,101319,101321],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,101316,138],{"class":137},[66,101318,110],{"class":102},[66,101320,200],{"class":106},[66,101322,131],{"class":102},[20,101324,148],{},[57,101326,101327],{"className":59,"code":100270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,101328,101329],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101330,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101332,9039],{"class":102},[66,101334,2729],{"class":478},[66,101336,121],{"class":102},[66,101338,561],{"class":478},[66,101340,9070],{"class":102},[20,101342,160,101343,101345],{},[15,101344,100177],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101347,101348,101349,33369],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101350,101088],{},[44683,101352],{},[52,101354,101356,101358,101359,101361],{"id":101355},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101357,100177],{}," vs the ",[15,101360,1753],{}," operator",[20,101363,1711,101364,101366,101367,101369],{},[15,101365,1753],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101368,100177],{}," for two sets.",[57,101371,101373],{"className":59,"code":101372,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101374,101375,101399,101415,101419,101437],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101376,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101378,2291],{"class":72},[66,101380,77],{"class":76},[66,101382,10253],{"class":102},[66,101384,2729],{"class":478},[66,101386,121],{"class":102},[66,101388,561],{"class":478},[66,101390,121],{"class":102},[66,101392,2186],{"class":478},[66,101394,121],{"class":102},[66,101396,2192],{"class":478},[66,101398,9070],{"class":102},[66,101400,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101402,2319],{"class":72},[66,101404,77],{"class":76},[66,101406,10253],{"class":102},[66,101408,1794],{"class":478},[66,101410,121],{"class":102},[66,101412,2192],{"class":478},[66,101414,9070],{"class":102},[66,101416,101417],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,101418,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101420,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101422,138],{"class":137},[66,101424,110],{"class":102},[66,101426,200],{"class":106},[66,101428,103],{"class":102},[66,101430,2549],{"class":106},[66,101432,110],{"class":102},[66,101434,4514],{"class":106},[66,101436,1330],{"class":102},[66,101438,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101440,138],{"class":137},[66,101442,110],{"class":102},[66,101444,2291],{"class":106},[66,101446,1753],{"class":76},[66,101448,2296],{"class":106},[66,101450,131],{"class":102},[20,101452,148],{},[57,101454,101456],{"className":59,"code":101455,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101457,101458,101470],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101459,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101461,9039],{"class":102},[66,101463,2729],{"class":478},[66,101465,121],{"class":102},[66,101467,561],{"class":478},[66,101469,9070],{"class":102},[66,101471,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101473,9039],{"class":102},[66,101475,2729],{"class":478},[66,101477,121],{"class":102},[66,101479,561],{"class":478},[66,101481,9070],{"class":102},[20,101483,101484],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101486,94351,101487,2228],{},[15,101488,100177],{},[33,101490,101491,101494,101497],{},[36,101492,101493],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[36,101495,101496],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[36,101498,101499],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101501,101502],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[57,101504,101506],{"className":59,"code":101505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101507,101508,101536,101548,101560,101564],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101509,101510,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101511,2291],{"class":72},[66,101513,77],{"class":76},[66,101515,10253],{"class":102},[66,101517,2729],{"class":478},[66,101519,121],{"class":102},[66,101521,561],{"class":478},[66,101523,121],{"class":102},[66,101525,2186],{"class":478},[66,101527,121],{"class":102},[66,101529,2192],{"class":478},[66,101531,121],{"class":102},[66,101533,4357],{"class":478},[66,101535,9070],{"class":102},[66,101537,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101539,2319],{"class":72},[66,101541,77],{"class":76},[66,101543,10253],{"class":102},[66,101545,1788],{"class":478},[66,101547,9070],{"class":102},[66,101549,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,101551,82950],{"class":72},[66,101553,77],{"class":76},[66,101555,10253],{"class":102},[66,101557,2241],{"class":478},[66,101559,9070],{"class":102},[66,101561,101562],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101563,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101565,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101567,138],{"class":137},[66,101569,110],{"class":102},[66,101571,200],{"class":106},[66,101573,103],{"class":102},[66,101575,2549],{"class":106},[66,101577,110],{"class":102},[66,101579,4514],{"class":106},[66,101581,121],{"class":102},[66,101583,9443],{"class":106},[66,101585,1330],{"class":102},[20,101587,148],{},[57,101589,101591],{"className":59,"code":101590,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101592,101593],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101594,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101596,9039],{"class":102},[66,101598,2729],{"class":478},[66,101600,121],{"class":102},[66,101602,2186],{"class":478},[66,101604,121],{"class":102},[66,101606,4357],{"class":478},[66,101608,9070],{"class":102},[20,101610,101611,101612,101614],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101613,1753],{}," operator expression.",[44683,101616],{},[52,101618,1105],{"id":1104},[20,101620,20975,101621,103],{},[15,101622,100177],{},[258,101624,101626],{"id":101625},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101628,4380,101629,101631,101632,1111],{},[398,101630,4383],{}," change ",[15,101633,200],{},[57,101635,101637],{"className":59,"code":101636,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101638,101639,101659,101671,101675,101689],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101640,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101642,2291],{"class":72},[66,101644,77],{"class":76},[66,101646,10253],{"class":102},[66,101648,2729],{"class":478},[66,101650,121],{"class":102},[66,101652,561],{"class":478},[66,101654,121],{"class":102},[66,101656,2186],{"class":478},[66,101658,9070],{"class":102},[66,101660,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101662,2319],{"class":72},[66,101664,77],{"class":76},[66,101666,10253],{"class":102},[66,101668,1794],{"class":478},[66,101670,9070],{"class":102},[66,101672,101673],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,101674,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101676,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101678,200],{"class":72},[66,101680,103],{"class":102},[66,101682,2549],{"class":106},[66,101684,110],{"class":102},[66,101686,4514],{"class":106},[66,101688,131],{"class":102},[66,101690,101691,101693,101695,101697],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101692,138],{"class":137},[66,101694,110],{"class":102},[66,101696,200],{"class":106},[66,101698,131],{"class":102},[20,101700,148],{},[57,101702,101703],{"className":59,"code":96370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,101704,101705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101706,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101708,9039],{"class":102},[66,101710,2729],{"class":478},[66,101712,121],{"class":102},[66,101714,561],{"class":478},[66,101716,121],{"class":102},[66,101718,2186],{"class":478},[66,101720,9070],{"class":102},[20,101722,101723],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[57,101725,101727],{"className":59,"code":101726,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101728,101729,101749,101761,101765,101783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101730,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101732,2291],{"class":72},[66,101734,77],{"class":76},[66,101736,10253],{"class":102},[66,101738,2729],{"class":478},[66,101740,121],{"class":102},[66,101742,561],{"class":478},[66,101744,121],{"class":102},[66,101746,2186],{"class":478},[66,101748,9070],{"class":102},[66,101750,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101752,2319],{"class":72},[66,101754,77],{"class":76},[66,101756,10253],{"class":102},[66,101758,1794],{"class":478},[66,101760,9070],{"class":102},[66,101762,101763],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,101764,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101766,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101768,2291],{"class":72},[66,101770,77],{"class":76},[66,101772,56656],{"class":72},[66,101774,103],{"class":102},[66,101776,2549],{"class":106},[66,101778,110],{"class":102},[66,101780,4514],{"class":106},[66,101782,131],{"class":102},[66,101784,101785,101787,101789,101791],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101786,138],{"class":137},[66,101788,110],{"class":102},[66,101790,200],{"class":106},[66,101792,131],{"class":102},[20,101794,148],{},[57,101796,101797],{"className":59,"code":100270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,101798,101799],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101800,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101802,9039],{"class":102},[66,101804,2729],{"class":478},[66,101806,121],{"class":102},[66,101808,561],{"class":478},[66,101810,9070],{"class":102},[258,101812,101814],{"id":101813},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101816,101817,101820],{},[15,101818,101819],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[33,101822,101823,101828],{},[36,101824,101825,101826],{},"keep items from ",[15,101827,200],{},[36,101829,101830,101831],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101832,4514],{},[20,101834,40673,101835,101837,101838,101840],{},[398,101836,4383],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101839,4514],{},"”.",[20,101842,923],{},[57,101844,101846],{"className":59,"code":101845,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101847,101848,101868,101888,101892,101910],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101851,2291],{"class":72},[66,101853,77],{"class":76},[66,101855,10253],{"class":102},[66,101857,2729],{"class":478},[66,101859,121],{"class":102},[66,101861,561],{"class":478},[66,101863,121],{"class":102},[66,101865,2186],{"class":478},[66,101867,9070],{"class":102},[66,101869,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101871,2319],{"class":72},[66,101873,77],{"class":76},[66,101875,10253],{"class":102},[66,101877,1794],{"class":478},[66,101879,121],{"class":102},[66,101881,2192],{"class":478},[66,101883,121],{"class":102},[66,101885,4357],{"class":478},[66,101887,9070],{"class":102},[66,101889,101890],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,101891,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,101893,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,101895,138],{"class":137},[66,101897,110],{"class":102},[66,101899,200],{"class":106},[66,101901,103],{"class":102},[66,101903,2549],{"class":106},[66,101905,110],{"class":102},[66,101907,4514],{"class":106},[66,101909,1330],{"class":102},[66,101911,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,101913,138],{"class":137},[66,101915,110],{"class":102},[66,101917,4514],{"class":106},[66,101919,103],{"class":102},[66,101921,2549],{"class":106},[66,101923,110],{"class":102},[66,101925,200],{"class":106},[66,101927,1330],{"class":102},[20,101929,148],{},[57,101931,101933],{"className":59,"code":101932,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101934,101935,101947],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101936,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101938,9039],{"class":102},[66,101940,2729],{"class":478},[66,101942,121],{"class":102},[66,101944,561],{"class":478},[66,101946,9070],{"class":102},[66,101948,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,101950,9039],{"class":102},[66,101952,2241],{"class":478},[66,101954,121],{"class":102},[66,101956,4357],{"class":478},[66,101958,9070],{"class":102},[20,101960,101961],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[258,101963,101965],{"id":101964},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101967,101968,101970],{},[15,101969,100177],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101972,55087],{},[57,101974,101976],{"className":59,"code":101975,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101977,101978,101998,102014,102018],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101979,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101981,2291],{"class":72},[66,101983,77],{"class":76},[66,101985,3370],{"class":102},[66,101987,2729],{"class":478},[66,101989,121],{"class":102},[66,101991,561],{"class":478},[66,101993,121],{"class":102},[66,101995,2186],{"class":478},[66,101997,3383],{"class":102},[66,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102001,2319],{"class":72},[66,102003,77],{"class":76},[66,102005,3370],{"class":102},[66,102007,1794],{"class":478},[66,102009,121],{"class":102},[66,102011,2192],{"class":478},[66,102013,3383],{"class":102},[66,102015,102016],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,102017,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,102019,102020],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,102021,102022],{"class":3413},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102024,102025],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[57,102027,102029],{"className":59,"code":102028,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102030,102031,102051,102067,102071,102097],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102032,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102034,2291],{"class":72},[66,102036,77],{"class":76},[66,102038,3370],{"class":102},[66,102040,2729],{"class":478},[66,102042,121],{"class":102},[66,102044,561],{"class":478},[66,102046,121],{"class":102},[66,102048,2186],{"class":478},[66,102050,3383],{"class":102},[66,102052,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102054,2319],{"class":72},[66,102056,77],{"class":76},[66,102058,3370],{"class":102},[66,102060,1794],{"class":478},[66,102062,121],{"class":102},[66,102064,2192],{"class":478},[66,102066,3383],{"class":102},[66,102068,102069],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,102070,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,102072,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,102074,447],{"class":72},[66,102076,77],{"class":76},[66,102078,15395],{"class":2641},[66,102080,110],{"class":102},[66,102082,200],{"class":106},[66,102084,8390],{"class":102},[66,102086,2549],{"class":106},[66,102088,110],{"class":102},[66,102090,6039],{"class":2641},[66,102092,110],{"class":102},[66,102094,4514],{"class":106},[66,102096,1330],{"class":102},[66,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,102100,138],{"class":137},[66,102102,110],{"class":102},[66,102104,494],{"class":106},[66,102106,131],{"class":102},[20,102108,148],{},[57,102110,102111],{"className":59,"code":100270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,102112,102113],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102114,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102116,9039],{"class":102},[66,102118,2729],{"class":478},[66,102120,121],{"class":102},[66,102122,561],{"class":478},[66,102124,9070],{"class":102},[258,102126,102128],{"id":102127},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102130,102131],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[57,102133,102135],{"className":59,"code":102134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102136,102137,102169,102185,102189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102138,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102140,2291],{"class":72},[66,102142,77],{"class":76},[66,102144,10253],{"class":102},[66,102146,113],{"class":80},[66,102148,462],{"class":84},[66,102150,113],{"class":80},[66,102152,121],{"class":102},[66,102154,81],{"class":80},[66,102156,471],{"class":84},[66,102158,113],{"class":80},[66,102160,121],{"class":102},[66,102162,81],{"class":80},[66,102164,57912],{"class":84},[66,102166,113],{"class":80},[66,102168,9070],{"class":102},[66,102170,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102172,2319],{"class":72},[66,102174,77],{"class":76},[66,102176,10253],{"class":102},[66,102178,113],{"class":80},[66,102180,471],{"class":84},[66,102182,113],{"class":80},[66,102184,9070],{"class":102},[66,102186,102187],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,102188,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,102190,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,102192,138],{"class":137},[66,102194,110],{"class":102},[66,102196,200],{"class":106},[66,102198,103],{"class":102},[66,102200,2549],{"class":106},[66,102202,110],{"class":102},[66,102204,4514],{"class":106},[66,102206,1330],{"class":102},[20,102208,102209],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[258,102211,102213],{"id":102212},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102215,102216],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[57,102218,102220],{"className":59,"code":102219,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102221,102222,102250,102262,102266,102276],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102223,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102225,2291],{"class":72},[66,102227,77],{"class":76},[66,102229,10253],{"class":102},[66,102231,2729],{"class":478},[66,102233,121],{"class":102},[66,102235,479],{"class":478},[66,102237,121],{"class":102},[66,102239,561],{"class":478},[66,102241,121],{"class":102},[66,102243,561],{"class":478},[66,102245,121],{"class":102},[66,102247,2186],{"class":478},[66,102249,9070],{"class":102},[66,102251,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102253,2319],{"class":72},[66,102255,77],{"class":76},[66,102257,10253],{"class":102},[66,102259,1794],{"class":478},[66,102261,9070],{"class":102},[66,102263,102264],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,102265,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,102267,102268,102270,102272,102274],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,102269,138],{"class":137},[66,102271,110],{"class":102},[66,102273,200],{"class":106},[66,102275,131],{"class":102},[66,102277,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,102279,138],{"class":137},[66,102281,110],{"class":102},[66,102283,200],{"class":106},[66,102285,103],{"class":102},[66,102287,2549],{"class":106},[66,102289,110],{"class":102},[66,102291,4514],{"class":106},[66,102293,1330],{"class":102},[20,102295,148],{},[57,102297,102299],{"className":59,"code":102298,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102300,102301,102317],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102302,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102304,9039],{"class":102},[66,102306,2729],{"class":478},[66,102308,121],{"class":102},[66,102310,561],{"class":478},[66,102312,121],{"class":102},[66,102314,2186],{"class":478},[66,102316,9070],{"class":102},[66,102318,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102320,9039],{"class":102},[66,102322,2729],{"class":478},[66,102324,121],{"class":102},[66,102326,561],{"class":478},[66,102328,9070],{"class":102},[20,102330,102331,102332,102334],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102333,100177],{}," runs.",[258,102336,102338],{"id":102337},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102340,102341],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[57,102343,102345],{"className":59,"code":102344,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102346,102347,102371,102391,102395,102405,102415,102433,102455],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102348,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102350,2291],{"class":72},[66,102352,77],{"class":76},[66,102354,10253],{"class":102},[66,102356,2729],{"class":478},[66,102358,121],{"class":102},[66,102360,561],{"class":478},[66,102362,121],{"class":102},[66,102364,2186],{"class":478},[66,102366,121],{"class":102},[66,102368,2192],{"class":478},[66,102370,9070],{"class":102},[66,102372,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102374,2319],{"class":72},[66,102376,77],{"class":76},[66,102378,10253],{"class":102},[66,102380,1794],{"class":478},[66,102382,121],{"class":102},[66,102384,2192],{"class":478},[66,102386,121],{"class":102},[66,102388,4357],{"class":478},[66,102390,9070],{"class":102},[66,102392,102393],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,102394,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,102396,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,102398,138],{"class":137},[66,102400,110],{"class":102},[66,102402,200],{"class":106},[66,102404,131],{"class":102},[66,102406,102407,102409,102411,102413],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,102408,138],{"class":137},[66,102410,110],{"class":102},[66,102412,4514],{"class":106},[66,102414,131],{"class":102},[66,102416,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,102418,138],{"class":137},[66,102420,110],{"class":102},[66,102422,200],{"class":106},[66,102424,103],{"class":102},[66,102426,2549],{"class":106},[66,102428,110],{"class":102},[66,102430,4514],{"class":106},[66,102432,1330],{"class":102},[66,102434,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,102436,138],{"class":137},[66,102438,110],{"class":102},[66,102440,2964],{"class":2641},[66,102442,110],{"class":102},[66,102444,200],{"class":106},[66,102446,103],{"class":102},[66,102448,2549],{"class":106},[66,102450,110],{"class":102},[66,102452,4514],{"class":106},[66,102454,2652],{"class":102},[66,102456,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,102458,138],{"class":137},[66,102460,110],{"class":102},[66,102462,10924],{"class":137},[66,102464,110],{"class":102},[66,102466,200],{"class":106},[66,102468,103],{"class":102},[66,102470,2549],{"class":106},[66,102472,110],{"class":102},[66,102474,4514],{"class":106},[66,102476,2652],{"class":102},[20,102478,10933],{},[33,102480,102481,102484,102487,102490],{},[36,102482,102483],{},"what is in each set",[36,102485,102486],{},"what result Python creates",[36,102488,102489],{},"that the result is a set",[36,102491,102492],{},"how many items remain",[44683,102494],{},[52,102496,1518],{"id":1517},[258,102498,1522,102500,102502],{"id":102499},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102501,100177],{}," change the original set?",[20,102504,102505],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[258,102507,4934,102509,798,102511,2228],{"id":102508},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102510,100177],{},[15,102512,101088],{},[20,102514,102515,102517,102518,102520],{},[15,102516,100177],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102519,101088],{}," modifies the original set.",[258,102522,28094,102524,102526],{"id":102523},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102525,100177],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102528,102529],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[258,102531,102533],{"id":102532},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102535,102536],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44683,102538],{},[52,102540,1620],{"id":1619},[33,102542,102543,102547,102555],{},[36,102544,102545],{},[200,102546,96091],{"href":97262},[36,102548,102549],{},[200,102550,96577,102552,774],{"href":102551},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102553,102554],{},"intersection()",[36,102556,102557],{},[200,102558,96577,102560,774],{"href":102559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102561,102562],{},"union()",[1651,102564,102565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":102567},[102568,102569,102571,102572,102573,102574,102576,102581,102583,102591,102600],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":100299,"depth":91,"text":102570},"What difference() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":100918,"depth":91,"text":102575},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101083,"depth":91,"text":102577,"children":102578},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102579,102580],{"id":2549,"depth":134,"text":100177},{"id":101236,"depth":134,"text":101088},{"id":101355,"depth":91,"text":102582},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":102584},[102585,102586,102587,102588,102589,102590],{"id":101625,"depth":134,"text":101626},{"id":101813,"depth":134,"text":101814},{"id":101964,"depth":134,"text":101965},{"id":102127,"depth":134,"text":102128},{"id":102212,"depth":134,"text":102213},{"id":102337,"depth":134,"text":102338},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":102592},[102593,102595,102597,102599],{"id":102499,"depth":134,"text":102594},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102508,"depth":134,"text":102596},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102523,"depth":134,"text":102598},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102532,"depth":134,"text":102533},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100169,"description":102601},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102608,"title":102609,"body":102610,"description":104305,"extension":1694,"meta":104306,"navigation":338,"path":104307,"seo":104308,"stem":104309,"__hash__":104310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102611,"toc":104267},[102612,102618,102624,102637,102639,102740,102742,102787,102792,102797,102801,102815,102818,102826,102828,102847,102865,102869,102922,102924,102945,102952,102957,102984,102991,103090,103092,103129,103137,103141,103147,103150,103223,103225,103233,103238,103307,103309,103334,103336,103339,103442,103444,103505,103508,103512,103518,103591,103593,103626,103629,103632,103672,103678,103701,103706,103710,103721,103724,103726,103730,103736,103738,103795,103805,103807,103860,103867,103872,103940,103948,103954,103958,103960,103999,104004,104053,104057,104060,104062,104101,104104,104106,104111,104168,104170,104184,104186,104190,104196,104201,104206,104213,104224,104230,104235,104237,104264],[10,102613,95963,102615,18],{"id":102614},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102616,102617],{},"discard()",[20,102619,102620,102623],{},[15,102621,102622],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102625,102626,102627,1923,102632,13815,102634,102636],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[200,102628,102629],{"href":97972},[15,102630,102631],{},"set.remove()",[15,102633,102617],{},[398,102635,4383],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[52,102638,55],{"id":54},[57,102640,102642],{"className":59,"code":102641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102643,102644,102676,102695,102705,102709,102730],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102645,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102647,12838],{"class":72},[66,102649,77],{"class":76},[66,102651,10253],{"class":102},[66,102653,113],{"class":80},[66,102655,1392],{"class":84},[66,102657,113],{"class":80},[66,102659,121],{"class":102},[66,102661,81],{"class":80},[66,102663,1401],{"class":84},[66,102665,113],{"class":80},[66,102667,121],{"class":102},[66,102669,81],{"class":80},[66,102671,17217],{"class":84},[66,102673,113],{"class":80},[66,102675,9070],{"class":102},[66,102677,102678,102680,102682,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102679,17264],{"class":72},[66,102681,103],{"class":102},[66,102683,102684],{"class":106},"discard",[66,102686,110],{"class":102},[66,102688,113],{"class":80},[66,102690,1401],{"class":84},[66,102692,113],{"class":80},[66,102694,131],{"class":102},[66,102696,102697,102699,102701,102703],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,102698,138],{"class":137},[66,102700,110],{"class":102},[66,102702,17264],{"class":106},[66,102704,131],{"class":102},[66,102706,102707],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,102708,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,102710,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,102712,17264],{"class":72},[66,102714,103],{"class":102},[66,102716,102684],{"class":106},[66,102718,110],{"class":102},[66,102720,113],{"class":80},[66,102722,22288],{"class":84},[66,102724,113],{"class":80},[66,102726,3410],{"class":102},[66,102728,102729],{"class":3413},"  # no error if missing\n",[66,102731,102732,102734,102736,102738],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,102733,138],{"class":137},[66,102735,110],{"class":102},[66,102737,17264],{"class":106},[66,102739,131],{"class":102},[20,102741,29796],{},[57,102743,102745],{"className":59,"code":102744,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102746,102747,102767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102748,102749,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102750,9039],{"class":102},[66,102752,3044],{"class":80},[66,102754,1392],{"class":84},[66,102756,3044],{"class":80},[66,102758,121],{"class":102},[66,102760,3039],{"class":80},[66,102762,17217],{"class":84},[66,102764,3044],{"class":80},[66,102766,9070],{"class":102},[66,102768,102769,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102770,9039],{"class":102},[66,102772,3044],{"class":80},[66,102774,1392],{"class":84},[66,102776,3044],{"class":80},[66,102778,121],{"class":102},[66,102780,3039],{"class":80},[66,102782,17217],{"class":84},[66,102784,3044],{"class":80},[66,102786,9070],{"class":102},[20,102788,160,102789,102791],{},[15,102790,102617],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[52,102793,168,102795,41],{"id":102794},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102796,102622],{},[20,102798,102799,1111],{},[15,102800,102617],{},[33,102802,102803,102806,102809,102811],{},[36,102804,102805],{},"Removes one item from a set",[36,102807,102808],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[36,102810,96078],{},[36,102812,11186,102813],{},[15,102814,3528],{},[20,102816,102817],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102819,96087,102820,2617,102823,103],{},[200,102821,102822],{"href":98554},"what a set is in Python",[200,102824,102825],{"href":97646},"how to create a set",[52,102827,1891],{"id":1890},[57,102829,102831],{"className":59,"code":102830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102832,102833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102834,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102836,15428],{"class":72},[66,102838,103],{"class":102},[66,102840,102684],{"class":106},[66,102842,110],{"class":102},[66,102844,2208],{"class":106},[66,102846,131],{"class":102},[33,102848,102849,102854,102859,102862],{},[36,102850,102851,102853],{},[15,102852,15428],{}," is the set you want to change",[36,102855,102856,102858],{},[15,102857,2208],{}," is the item you want to remove",[36,102860,102861],{},"The set must already exist",[36,102863,102864],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[258,102866,102868],{"id":102867},"example","Example",[57,102870,102872],{"className":59,"code":102871,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102873,102874,102898,102912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102875,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102877,3365],{"class":72},[66,102879,77],{"class":76},[66,102881,10253],{"class":102},[66,102883,2729],{"class":478},[66,102885,121],{"class":102},[66,102887,561],{"class":478},[66,102889,121],{"class":102},[66,102891,2186],{"class":478},[66,102893,121],{"class":102},[66,102895,2192],{"class":478},[66,102897,9070],{"class":102},[66,102899,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,102901,3397],{"class":72},[66,102903,103],{"class":102},[66,102905,102684],{"class":106},[66,102907,110],{"class":102},[66,102909,1794],{"class":478},[66,102911,131],{"class":102},[66,102913,102914,102916,102918,102920],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,102915,138],{"class":137},[66,102917,110],{"class":102},[66,102919,3397],{"class":106},[66,102921,131],{"class":102},[20,102923,148],{},[57,102925,102927],{"className":59,"code":102926,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102928,102929],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102930,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102932,9039],{"class":102},[66,102934,2729],{"class":478},[66,102936,121],{"class":102},[66,102938,561],{"class":478},[66,102940,121],{"class":102},[66,102942,2192],{"class":478},[66,102944,9070],{"class":102},[52,102946,102948,102949,102951],{"id":102947},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102950,102617],{}," different",[20,102953,102954,102956],{},[15,102955,102617],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[33,102958,102959,102972,102981],{},[36,102960,102961,102962,1923,102966,102968,102969,102971],{},"Unlike ",[200,102963,102964],{"href":97972},[15,102965,55297],{},[15,102967,102617],{}," does not raise ",[15,102970,19450],{}," when the item is missing",[36,102973,102961,102974,1923,102978,102980],{},[200,102975,102976],{"href":97977},[15,102977,12525],{},[15,102979,102617],{}," removes a specific item",[36,102982,102983],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[258,102985,102987,10348,102989],{"id":102986},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102988,102617],{},[15,102990,55297],{},[57,102992,102994],{"className":59,"code":102993,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102995,102996,103020,103024,103045,103055,103059,103080],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102997,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102999,7535],{"class":72},[66,103001,77],{"class":76},[66,103003,10253],{"class":102},[66,103005,113],{"class":80},[66,103007,3832],{"class":84},[66,103009,113],{"class":80},[66,103011,121],{"class":102},[66,103013,81],{"class":80},[66,103015,627],{"class":84},[66,103017,113],{"class":80},[66,103019,9070],{"class":102},[66,103021,103022],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103023,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103025,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103027,7566],{"class":72},[66,103029,103],{"class":102},[66,103031,102684],{"class":106},[66,103033,110],{"class":102},[66,103035,113],{"class":80},[66,103037,32989],{"class":84},[66,103039,113],{"class":80},[66,103041,3410],{"class":102},[66,103043,103044],{"class":3413},"   # no error\n",[66,103046,103047,103049,103051,103053],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,103048,138],{"class":137},[66,103050,110],{"class":102},[66,103052,7566],{"class":106},[66,103054,131],{"class":102},[66,103056,103057],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,103058,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103060,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,103062,7566],{"class":72},[66,103064,103],{"class":102},[66,103066,34561],{"class":106},[66,103068,110],{"class":102},[66,103070,113],{"class":80},[66,103072,627],{"class":84},[66,103074,113],{"class":80},[66,103076,3410],{"class":102},[66,103078,103079],{"class":3413},"    # removes existing item\n",[66,103081,103082,103084,103086,103088],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,103083,138],{"class":137},[66,103085,110],{"class":102},[66,103087,7566],{"class":106},[66,103089,131],{"class":102},[20,103091,148],{},[57,103093,103095],{"className":59,"code":103094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103096,103097,103117],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103098,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103100,9039],{"class":102},[66,103102,3044],{"class":80},[66,103104,3832],{"class":84},[66,103106,3044],{"class":80},[66,103108,121],{"class":102},[66,103110,3039],{"class":80},[66,103112,627],{"class":84},[66,103114,3044],{"class":80},[66,103116,9070],{"class":102},[66,103118,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103120,9039],{"class":102},[66,103122,3044],{"class":80},[66,103124,3832],{"class":84},[66,103126,3044],{"class":80},[66,103128,9070],{"class":102},[20,103130,40110,103131,103133,103134,103136],{},[15,103132,55297],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[200,103135,10837],{"href":10836}," for more help with that case.",[52,103138,103140],{"id":103139},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103142,103143,2131,103145,103],{},[15,103144,102617],{},[15,103146,3528],{},[20,103148,103149],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[57,103151,103153],{"className":59,"code":103152,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103154,103155,103187,103209,103213],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103156,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103158,12838],{"class":72},[66,103160,77],{"class":76},[66,103162,10253],{"class":102},[66,103164,113],{"class":80},[66,103166,1392],{"class":84},[66,103168,113],{"class":80},[66,103170,121],{"class":102},[66,103172,81],{"class":80},[66,103174,1401],{"class":84},[66,103176,113],{"class":80},[66,103178,121],{"class":102},[66,103180,81],{"class":80},[66,103182,17217],{"class":84},[66,103184,113],{"class":80},[66,103186,9070],{"class":102},[66,103188,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103190,447],{"class":72},[66,103192,77],{"class":76},[66,103194,12884],{"class":72},[66,103196,103],{"class":102},[66,103198,102684],{"class":106},[66,103200,110],{"class":102},[66,103202,113],{"class":80},[66,103204,1401],{"class":84},[66,103206,113],{"class":80},[66,103208,131],{"class":102},[66,103210,103211],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103212,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103214,103215,103217,103219,103221],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,103216,138],{"class":137},[66,103218,110],{"class":102},[66,103220,494],{"class":106},[66,103222,131],{"class":102},[20,103224,148],{},[57,103226,103227],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,103228,103229],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103230,103231],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103232,11570],{"class":3602},[20,103234,103235,103236,1111],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103237,17264],{},[57,103239,103241],{"className":59,"code":103240,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103242,103243,103275,103293,103297],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103244,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103246,12838],{"class":72},[66,103248,77],{"class":76},[66,103250,10253],{"class":102},[66,103252,113],{"class":80},[66,103254,1392],{"class":84},[66,103256,113],{"class":80},[66,103258,121],{"class":102},[66,103260,81],{"class":80},[66,103262,1401],{"class":84},[66,103264,113],{"class":80},[66,103266,121],{"class":102},[66,103268,81],{"class":80},[66,103270,17217],{"class":84},[66,103272,113],{"class":80},[66,103274,9070],{"class":102},[66,103276,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103278,17264],{"class":72},[66,103280,103],{"class":102},[66,103282,102684],{"class":106},[66,103284,110],{"class":102},[66,103286,113],{"class":80},[66,103288,1401],{"class":84},[66,103290,113],{"class":80},[66,103292,131],{"class":102},[66,103294,103295],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103296,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103298,103299,103301,103303,103305],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,103300,138],{"class":137},[66,103302,110],{"class":102},[66,103304,17264],{"class":106},[66,103306,131],{"class":102},[20,103308,148],{},[57,103310,103312],{"className":59,"code":103311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103313,103314],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103315,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103317,9039],{"class":102},[66,103319,3044],{"class":80},[66,103321,1392],{"class":84},[66,103323,3044],{"class":80},[66,103325,121],{"class":102},[66,103327,3039],{"class":80},[66,103329,17217],{"class":84},[66,103331,3044],{"class":80},[66,103333,9070],{"class":102},[52,103335,11238],{"id":11237},[20,103337,103338],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[57,103340,103342],{"className":59,"code":103341,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103343,103344,103376,103380,103398,103402,103420,103424],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103345,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103347,36006],{"class":72},[66,103349,77],{"class":76},[66,103351,10253],{"class":102},[66,103353,113],{"class":80},[66,103355,3832],{"class":84},[66,103357,113],{"class":80},[66,103359,121],{"class":102},[66,103361,81],{"class":80},[66,103363,627],{"class":84},[66,103365,113],{"class":80},[66,103367,121],{"class":102},[66,103369,81],{"class":80},[66,103371,32989],{"class":84},[66,103373,113],{"class":80},[66,103375,9070],{"class":102},[66,103377,103378],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103379,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103383,138],{"class":137},[66,103385,110],{"class":102},[66,103387,113],{"class":80},[66,103389,11327],{"class":84},[66,103391,113],{"class":80},[66,103393,121],{"class":102},[66,103395,52619],{"class":106},[66,103397,131],{"class":102},[66,103399,103400],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,103401,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103403,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,103405,36058],{"class":72},[66,103407,103],{"class":102},[66,103409,102684],{"class":106},[66,103411,110],{"class":102},[66,103413,113],{"class":80},[66,103415,627],{"class":84},[66,103417,113],{"class":80},[66,103419,131],{"class":102},[66,103421,103422],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,103423,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103425,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,103427,138],{"class":137},[66,103429,110],{"class":102},[66,103431,113],{"class":80},[66,103433,11367],{"class":84},[66,103435,113],{"class":80},[66,103437,121],{"class":102},[66,103439,52619],{"class":106},[66,103441,131],{"class":102},[20,103443,148],{},[57,103445,103447],{"className":59,"code":103446,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103448,103449,103481],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103450,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103452,11387],{"class":72},[66,103454,1111],{"class":102},[66,103456,10253],{"class":102},[66,103458,3044],{"class":80},[66,103460,627],{"class":84},[66,103462,3044],{"class":80},[66,103464,121],{"class":102},[66,103466,3039],{"class":80},[66,103468,3832],{"class":84},[66,103470,3044],{"class":80},[66,103472,121],{"class":102},[66,103474,3039],{"class":80},[66,103476,32989],{"class":84},[66,103478,3044],{"class":80},[66,103480,9070],{"class":102},[66,103482,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103484,11440],{"class":72},[66,103486,1111],{"class":102},[66,103488,10253],{"class":102},[66,103490,3044],{"class":80},[66,103492,3832],{"class":84},[66,103494,3044],{"class":80},[66,103496,121],{"class":102},[66,103498,3039],{"class":80},[66,103500,32989],{"class":84},[66,103502,3044],{"class":80},[66,103504,9070],{"class":102},[20,103506,103507],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[52,103509,103511],{"id":103510},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103513,103514,103515,103517],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103516,102617],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[57,103519,103521],{"className":59,"code":103520,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103522,103523,103555,103559,103577,103581],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103524,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103526,36006],{"class":72},[66,103528,77],{"class":76},[66,103530,10253],{"class":102},[66,103532,113],{"class":80},[66,103534,3832],{"class":84},[66,103536,113],{"class":80},[66,103538,121],{"class":102},[66,103540,81],{"class":80},[66,103542,627],{"class":84},[66,103544,113],{"class":80},[66,103546,121],{"class":102},[66,103548,81],{"class":80},[66,103550,32989],{"class":84},[66,103552,113],{"class":80},[66,103554,9070],{"class":102},[66,103556,103557],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103558,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103560,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103562,36058],{"class":72},[66,103564,103],{"class":102},[66,103566,102684],{"class":106},[66,103568,110],{"class":102},[66,103570,113],{"class":80},[66,103572,22297],{"class":84},[66,103574,113],{"class":80},[66,103576,131],{"class":102},[66,103578,103579],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,103580,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103582,103583,103585,103587,103589],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,103584,138],{"class":137},[66,103586,110],{"class":102},[66,103588,36058],{"class":106},[66,103590,131],{"class":102},[20,103592,148],{},[57,103594,103596],{"className":59,"code":103595,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103597,103598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103599,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103601,9039],{"class":102},[66,103603,3044],{"class":80},[66,103605,627],{"class":84},[66,103607,3044],{"class":80},[66,103609,121],{"class":102},[66,103611,3039],{"class":80},[66,103613,3832],{"class":84},[66,103615,3044],{"class":80},[66,103617,121],{"class":102},[66,103619,3039],{"class":80},[66,103621,32989],{"class":84},[66,103623,3044],{"class":80},[66,103625,9070],{"class":102},[20,103627,103628],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103630,103631],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[57,103633,103635],{"className":59,"code":103634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103636,103637,103653],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103640,6752],{"class":3627},[66,103642,81],{"class":80},[66,103644,22297],{"class":84},[66,103646,113],{"class":80},[66,103648,20937],{"class":76},[66,103650,52619],{"class":72},[66,103652,6146],{"class":102},[66,103654,103655,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103656,103657],{"class":72},"    fruits",[66,103659,103],{"class":102},[66,103661,34561],{"class":106},[66,103663,110],{"class":102},[66,103665,113],{"class":80},[66,103667,22297],{"class":84},[66,103669,113],{"class":80},[66,103671,131],{"class":102},[20,103673,103674,103675,103677],{},"With ",[15,103676,102617],{},", you can simply write:",[57,103679,103681],{"className":59,"code":103680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103682,103683],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103684,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103686,36058],{"class":72},[66,103688,103],{"class":102},[66,103690,102684],{"class":106},[66,103692,110],{"class":102},[66,103694,113],{"class":80},[66,103696,22297],{"class":84},[66,103698,113],{"class":80},[66,103700,131],{"class":102},[52,103702,4715,103704],{"id":103703},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103705,102617],{},[20,103707,160,103708,10364],{},[15,103709,102617],{},[33,103711,103712,103715,103718],{},[36,103713,103714],{},"Missing values are normal",[36,103716,103717],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[36,103719,103720],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103722,103723],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[52,103725,2568],{"id":2567},[20,103727,8206,103728,103],{},[15,103729,102617],{},[258,103731,1119,103733,103735],{"id":103732},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103734,102617],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103737,4277],{},[57,103739,103741],{"className":59,"code":103740,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103742,103743,103763,103781,103785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103744,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103746,3365],{"class":72},[66,103748,77],{"class":76},[66,103750,10253],{"class":102},[66,103752,2729],{"class":478},[66,103754,121],{"class":102},[66,103756,561],{"class":478},[66,103758,121],{"class":102},[66,103760,2186],{"class":478},[66,103762,9070],{"class":102},[66,103764,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103766,3365],{"class":72},[66,103768,77],{"class":76},[66,103770,4016],{"class":72},[66,103772,103],{"class":102},[66,103774,102684],{"class":106},[66,103776,110],{"class":102},[66,103778,1788],{"class":478},[66,103780,131],{"class":102},[66,103782,103783],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103784,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103786,103787,103789,103791,103793],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,103788,138],{"class":137},[66,103790,110],{"class":102},[66,103792,3397],{"class":106},[66,103794,131],{"class":102},[20,103796,103797,41921,103799,8360,103801,2131,103803,103],{},[15,103798,3397],{},[15,103800,3528],{},[15,103802,102617],{},[15,103804,3528],{},[20,103806,18603],{},[57,103808,103810],{"className":59,"code":103809,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103811,103812,103832,103846,103850],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103815,3365],{"class":72},[66,103817,77],{"class":76},[66,103819,10253],{"class":102},[66,103821,2729],{"class":478},[66,103823,121],{"class":102},[66,103825,561],{"class":478},[66,103827,121],{"class":102},[66,103829,2186],{"class":478},[66,103831,9070],{"class":102},[66,103833,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103835,3397],{"class":72},[66,103837,103],{"class":102},[66,103839,102684],{"class":106},[66,103841,110],{"class":102},[66,103843,1788],{"class":478},[66,103845,131],{"class":102},[66,103847,103848],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103849,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,103851,103852,103854,103856,103858],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,103853,138],{"class":137},[66,103855,110],{"class":102},[66,103857,3397],{"class":106},[66,103859,131],{"class":102},[258,103861,1128,103863,8464,103865],{"id":103862},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103864,102617],{},[15,103866,55297],{},[20,103868,103869,103870,103],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103871,102617],{},[57,103873,103875],{"className":59,"code":103874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103876,103877,103909,103930],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103878,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103880,35857],{"class":72},[66,103882,77],{"class":76},[66,103884,10253],{"class":102},[66,103886,113],{"class":80},[66,103888,200],{"class":84},[66,103890,113],{"class":80},[66,103892,121],{"class":102},[66,103894,81],{"class":80},[66,103896,4514],{"class":84},[66,103898,113],{"class":80},[66,103900,121],{"class":102},[66,103902,81],{"class":80},[66,103904,9501],{"class":84},[66,103906,113],{"class":80},[66,103908,9070],{"class":102},[66,103910,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103912,35910],{"class":72},[66,103914,103],{"class":102},[66,103916,102684],{"class":106},[66,103918,110],{"class":102},[66,103920,113],{"class":80},[66,103922,21841],{"class":84},[66,103924,113],{"class":80},[66,103926,3410],{"class":102},[66,103928,103929],{"class":3413},"   # safe\n",[66,103931,103932,103934,103936,103938],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,103933,138],{"class":137},[66,103935,110],{"class":102},[66,103937,35910],{"class":106},[66,103939,131],{"class":102},[20,103941,103942,103943,45675,103946,103],{},"If you use ",[15,103944,103945],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103947,19450],{},[258,103949,25382,103951,103953],{"id":103950},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103952,102617],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103955,103956,101970],{},[15,103957,102617],{},[20,103959,16406],{},[57,103961,103963],{"className":59,"code":103962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103964,103965,103985],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103966,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103968,7535],{"class":72},[66,103970,77],{"class":76},[66,103972,3370],{"class":102},[66,103974,2729],{"class":478},[66,103976,121],{"class":102},[66,103978,561],{"class":478},[66,103980,121],{"class":102},[66,103982,2186],{"class":478},[66,103984,3383],{"class":102},[66,103986,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,103988,7566],{"class":72},[66,103990,103],{"class":102},[66,103992,102684],{"class":106},[66,103994,110],{"class":102},[66,103996,1788],{"class":478},[66,103998,131],{"class":102},[20,104000,104001,104002,1111],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104003,102617],{},[57,104005,104007],{"className":59,"code":104006,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104008,104009,104029,104043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104010,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104012,7535],{"class":72},[66,104014,77],{"class":76},[66,104016,10253],{"class":102},[66,104018,2729],{"class":478},[66,104020,121],{"class":102},[66,104022,561],{"class":478},[66,104024,121],{"class":102},[66,104026,2186],{"class":478},[66,104028,9070],{"class":102},[66,104030,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104032,7566],{"class":72},[66,104034,103],{"class":102},[66,104036,102684],{"class":106},[66,104038,110],{"class":102},[66,104040,1788],{"class":478},[66,104042,131],{"class":102},[66,104044,104045,104047,104049,104051],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104046,138],{"class":137},[66,104048,110],{"class":102},[66,104050,7566],{"class":106},[66,104052,131],{"class":102},[258,104054,104056],{"id":104055},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104058,104059],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104061,2575],{},[57,104063,104065],{"className":59,"code":104064,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104066,104067,104087],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104068,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104070,8926],{"class":72},[66,104072,77],{"class":76},[66,104074,10253],{"class":102},[66,104076,2729],{"class":478},[66,104078,121],{"class":102},[66,104080,561],{"class":478},[66,104082,121],{"class":102},[66,104084,2186],{"class":478},[66,104086,9070],{"class":102},[66,104088,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104090,8965],{"class":72},[66,104092,103],{"class":102},[66,104094,102684],{"class":106},[66,104096,2726],{"class":102},[66,104098,1788],{"class":478},[66,104100,3640],{"class":102},[20,104102,104103],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[52,104105,8632],{"id":8631},[20,104107,8635,104108,104110],{},[15,104109,102617],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[57,104112,104114],{"className":59,"code":104113,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104115,104116,104126,104140,104154],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104117,104118,104120,104122,104124],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104119,138],{"class":137},[66,104121,110],{"class":102},[66,104123,15428],{"class":106},[66,104125,131],{"class":102},[66,104127,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104129,138],{"class":137},[66,104131,110],{"class":102},[66,104133,2964],{"class":2641},[66,104135,110],{"class":102},[66,104137,15428],{"class":106},[66,104139,1330],{"class":102},[66,104141,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104143,138],{"class":137},[66,104145,110],{"class":102},[66,104147,2181],{"class":106},[66,104149,3634],{"class":3627},[66,104151,96687],{"class":106},[66,104153,131],{"class":102},[66,104155,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,104157,31920],{"class":137},[66,104159,110],{"class":102},[66,104161,6039],{"class":2641},[66,104163,103],{"class":102},[66,104165,102684],{"class":24515},[66,104167,131],{"class":102},[20,104169,10933],{},[33,104171,104172,104175,104178,104181],{},[36,104173,104174],{},"What is currently in the set",[36,104176,104177],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[36,104179,104180],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[36,104182,104183],{},"How Python documents the method",[52,104185,1518],{"id":1517},[258,104187,104189],{"id":104188},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104191,104192,104193,104195],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104194,102617],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[258,104197,4897,104199,12478],{"id":104198},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104200,102622],{},[20,104202,4903,104203,104205],{},[15,104204,3528],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[258,104207,4934,104209,798,104211,2228],{"id":104208},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104210,102617],{},[15,104212,55297],{},[20,104214,104215,104216,26303,104218,104220,104221,104223],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104217,55297],{},[15,104219,19450],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104222,102617],{}," does not.",[258,104225,28094,104227,104229],{"id":104226},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104228,102617],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104231,46132,104232,104234],{},[15,104233,102617],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[52,104236,1620],{"id":1619},[33,104238,104239,104245,104251,104256,104260],{},[36,104240,104241],{},[200,104242,96577,104243,774],{"href":97972},[15,104244,55297],{},[36,104246,104247],{},[200,104248,96577,104249,774],{"href":97977},[15,104250,12525],{},[36,104252,104253],{},[200,104254,104255],{"href":97646},"Python set: creating a set",[36,104257,104258],{},[200,104259,100112],{"href":98554},[36,104261,104262],{},[200,104263,11025],{"href":10836},[1651,104265,104266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":104268},[104269,104270,104272,104275,104280,104281,104282,104283,104285,104294,104295,104304],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":102794,"depth":91,"text":104271},"What set.discard() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":104273},[104274],{"id":102867,"depth":134,"text":102868},{"id":102947,"depth":91,"text":104276,"children":104277},"What makes discard() different",[104278],{"id":102986,"depth":134,"text":104279},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103139,"depth":91,"text":103140},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":103510,"depth":91,"text":103511},{"id":103703,"depth":91,"text":104284},"When to use discard()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":104286},[104287,104289,104291,104293],{"id":103732,"depth":134,"text":104288},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103862,"depth":134,"text":104290},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103950,"depth":134,"text":104292},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104055,"depth":134,"text":104056},{"id":8631,"depth":91,"text":8632},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":104296},[104297,104298,104300,104302],{"id":104188,"depth":134,"text":104189},{"id":104198,"depth":134,"text":104299},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104208,"depth":134,"text":104301},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104226,"depth":134,"text":104303},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102609,"description":104305},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104312,"title":104313,"body":104314,"description":106320,"extension":1694,"meta":106321,"navigation":338,"path":106322,"seo":106323,"stem":106324,"__hash__":106325},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104315,"toc":106278},[104316,104319,104327,104332,104343,104345,104400,104404,104424,104429,104433,104438,104440,104454,104456,104531,104533,104566,104571,104576,104578,104580,104595,104598,104606,104611,104626,104628,104717,104719,104808,104814,104818,104820,104858,104860,104884,104887,104902,104904,104959,104961,104994,104996,105001,105005,105009,105014,105079,105081,105101,105107,105111,105168,105170,105191,105195,105200,105245,105247,105280,105283,105287,105320,105322,105351,105355,105359,105362,105364,105383,105385,105431,105436,105450,105452,105483,105488,105491,105535,105537,105565,105569,105573,105589,105592,105657,105659,105671,105674,105678,105681,105686,105714,105716,105734,105740,105779,105781,105799,105805,105834,105836,105854,105857,105874,105876,105881,105885,105888,105914,105921,105926,105941,105950,105954,105957,105988,105994,105997,106006,106009,106011,106013,106071,106074,106099,106101,106105,106108,106112,106120,106124,106127,106131,106134,106136,106159,106161,106202,106209,106217,106220,106251,106253,106275],[10,104317,104313],{"id":104318},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104320,8883,104321,104323,104324,103],{},[15,104322,3547],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[398,104325,104326],{},"unique values only",[20,104328,35171,104329,104331],{},[15,104330,3547],{}," to:",[33,104333,104334,104337,104340],{},[36,104335,104336],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[36,104338,104339],{},"check whether a value exists",[36,104341,104342],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[52,104344,55],{"id":54},[57,104346,104348],{"className":59,"code":104347,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104349,104350,104374,104389],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104351,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104353,3365],{"class":72},[66,104355,77],{"class":76},[66,104357,3370],{"class":102},[66,104359,2729],{"class":478},[66,104361,121],{"class":102},[66,104363,561],{"class":478},[66,104365,121],{"class":102},[66,104367,561],{"class":478},[66,104369,121],{"class":102},[66,104371,2186],{"class":478},[66,104373,3383],{"class":102},[66,104375,104376,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104377,104378],{"class":72},"unique_numbers ",[66,104380,77],{"class":76},[66,104382,15395],{"class":2641},[66,104384,110],{"class":102},[66,104386,3397],{"class":106},[66,104388,131],{"class":102},[66,104390,104391,104393,104395,104398],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104392,138],{"class":137},[66,104394,110],{"class":102},[66,104396,104397],{"class":106},"unique_numbers",[66,104399,131],{"class":102},[20,104401,104402],{},[398,104403,148],{},[57,104405,104406],{"className":59,"code":96370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,104407,104408],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104409,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104411,9039],{"class":102},[66,104413,2729],{"class":478},[66,104415,121],{"class":102},[66,104417,561],{"class":478},[66,104419,121],{"class":102},[66,104421,2186],{"class":478},[66,104423,9070],{"class":102},[20,104425,160,104426,104428],{},[15,104427,3547],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[52,104430,104432],{"id":104431},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104434,104435,104437],{},[15,104436,3547],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104439,30307],{},[33,104441,104442,104445,104448,104451],{},[36,104443,104444],{},"A set stores unique items only",[36,104446,104447],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[36,104449,104450],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[36,104452,104453],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104455,923],{},[57,104457,104459],{"className":59,"code":104458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104460,104461,104501,104516,104520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104462,104463,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104464,12838],{"class":72},[66,104466,77],{"class":76},[66,104468,3370],{"class":102},[66,104470,113],{"class":80},[66,104472,1392],{"class":84},[66,104474,113],{"class":80},[66,104476,121],{"class":102},[66,104478,81],{"class":80},[66,104480,1401],{"class":84},[66,104482,113],{"class":80},[66,104484,121],{"class":102},[66,104486,81],{"class":80},[66,104488,1392],{"class":84},[66,104490,113],{"class":80},[66,104492,121],{"class":102},[66,104494,81],{"class":80},[66,104496,17217],{"class":84},[66,104498,113],{"class":80},[66,104500,3383],{"class":102},[66,104502,104503,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104504,104505],{"class":72},"unique_colors ",[66,104507,77],{"class":76},[66,104509,15395],{"class":2641},[66,104511,110],{"class":102},[66,104513,17264],{"class":106},[66,104515,131],{"class":102},[66,104517,104518],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104519,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,104521,104522,104524,104526,104529],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,104523,138],{"class":137},[66,104525,110],{"class":102},[66,104527,104528],{"class":106},"unique_colors",[66,104530,131],{"class":102},[20,104532,29796],{},[57,104534,104536],{"className":59,"code":104535,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104537,104538],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104539,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104541,9039],{"class":102},[66,104543,3044],{"class":80},[66,104545,1401],{"class":84},[66,104547,3044],{"class":80},[66,104549,121],{"class":102},[66,104551,3039],{"class":80},[66,104553,17217],{"class":84},[66,104555,3044],{"class":80},[66,104557,121],{"class":102},[66,104559,3039],{"class":80},[66,104561,1392],{"class":84},[66,104563,3044],{"class":80},[66,104565,9070],{"class":102},[20,104567,2019,104568,104570],{},[15,104569,65156],{}," appears only once.",[20,104572,104573,104574,103],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[200,104575,96091],{"href":96090},[52,104577,1891],{"id":1890},[20,104579,1894],{},[57,104581,104583],{"className":59,"code":104582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104584,104585],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104586,104587,104589,104591,104593],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104588,6039],{"class":2641},[66,104590,110],{"class":102},[66,104592,3470],{"class":106},[66,104594,131],{"class":102},[20,104596,104597],{},"The argument is optional.",[33,104599,104600,104603],{},[36,104601,104602],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[36,104604,104605],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104607,104608,104609,1111],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104610,3547],{},[33,104612,104613,104615,104617,104619,104623],{},[36,104614,7851],{},[36,104616,48721],{},[36,104618,217],{},[36,104620,104621],{},[15,104622,35965],{},[36,104624,104625],{},"another set",[20,104627,1858],{},[57,104629,104631],{"className":59,"code":104630,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104632,104633,104659,104681,104699],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104634,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104636,138],{"class":137},[66,104638,110],{"class":102},[66,104640,6039],{"class":2641},[66,104642,2726],{"class":102},[66,104644,2729],{"class":478},[66,104646,121],{"class":102},[66,104648,561],{"class":478},[66,104650,121],{"class":102},[66,104652,561],{"class":478},[66,104654,121],{"class":102},[66,104656,2186],{"class":478},[66,104658,2740],{"class":102},[66,104660,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104662,138],{"class":137},[66,104664,110],{"class":102},[66,104666,6039],{"class":2641},[66,104668,5264],{"class":102},[66,104670,2064],{"class":478},[66,104672,121],{"class":102},[66,104674,7546],{"class":478},[66,104676,121],{"class":102},[66,104678,5757],{"class":478},[66,104680,2652],{"class":102},[66,104682,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104684,138],{"class":137},[66,104686,110],{"class":102},[66,104688,6039],{"class":2641},[66,104690,110],{"class":102},[66,104692,113],{"class":80},[66,104694,939],{"class":84},[66,104696,113],{"class":80},[66,104698,1330],{"class":102},[66,104700,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,104702,138],{"class":137},[66,104704,110],{"class":102},[66,104706,6039],{"class":2641},[66,104708,110],{"class":102},[66,104710,59767],{"class":137},[66,104712,110],{"class":102},[66,104714,2241],{"class":478},[66,104716,2652],{"class":102},[20,104718,29796],{},[57,104720,104722],{"className":59,"code":104721,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104723,104724,104740,104752,104788],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104725,104726,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104727,9039],{"class":102},[66,104729,2729],{"class":478},[66,104731,121],{"class":102},[66,104733,561],{"class":478},[66,104735,121],{"class":102},[66,104737,2186],{"class":478},[66,104739,9070],{"class":102},[66,104741,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104743,9039],{"class":102},[66,104745,2064],{"class":478},[66,104747,121],{"class":102},[66,104749,7546],{"class":478},[66,104751,9070],{"class":102},[66,104753,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104755,9039],{"class":102},[66,104757,3044],{"class":80},[66,104759,60206],{"class":84},[66,104761,3044],{"class":80},[66,104763,121],{"class":102},[66,104765,3039],{"class":80},[66,104767,60215],{"class":84},[66,104769,3044],{"class":80},[66,104771,121],{"class":102},[66,104773,3039],{"class":80},[66,104775,60224],{"class":84},[66,104777,3044],{"class":80},[66,104779,121],{"class":102},[66,104781,3039],{"class":80},[66,104783,656],{"class":84},[66,104785,3044],{"class":80},[66,104787,9070],{"class":102},[66,104789,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,104791,9039],{"class":102},[66,104793,1852],{"class":478},[66,104795,121],{"class":102},[66,104797,479],{"class":478},[66,104799,121],{"class":102},[66,104801,561],{"class":478},[66,104803,121],{"class":102},[66,104805,2186],{"class":478},[66,104807,9070],{"class":102},[20,104809,104810,104811,103],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[200,104812,104813],{"href":64611},"Python list() function explained",[52,104815,104817],{"id":104816},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104819,98043],{},[57,104821,104822],{"className":59,"code":99008,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,104823,104824,104834,104844],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104825,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104827,98053],{"class":72},[66,104829,77],{"class":76},[66,104831,15395],{"class":2641},[66,104833,8402],{"class":102},[66,104835,104836,104838,104840,104842],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104837,138],{"class":137},[66,104839,110],{"class":102},[66,104841,98072],{"class":106},[66,104843,131],{"class":102},[66,104845,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104847,138],{"class":137},[66,104849,110],{"class":102},[66,104851,2964],{"class":2641},[66,104853,110],{"class":102},[66,104855,98072],{"class":106},[66,104857,1330],{"class":102},[20,104859,148],{},[57,104861,104862],{"className":59,"code":99051,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,104863,104864,104870],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104865,104866,104868],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104867,6039],{"class":2641},[66,104869,8402],{"class":102},[66,104871,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104873,3033],{"class":76},[66,104875,3036],{"class":1797},[66,104877,3039],{"class":80},[66,104879,6039],{"class":84},[66,104881,3044],{"class":80},[66,104883,3047],{"class":76},[20,104885,104886],{},"This is important because:",[33,104888,104889,104894],{},[36,104890,104891,104893],{},[15,104892,3547],{}," creates an empty set",[36,104895,104896,104898,104899,104901],{},[15,104897,3542],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[398,104900,4383],{}," a set",[20,104903,923],{},[57,104905,104907],{"className":59,"code":104906,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104908,104909,104919,104927,104931,104945],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104910,104911,104913,104915,104917],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104912,2291],{"class":72},[66,104914,77],{"class":76},[66,104916,15395],{"class":2641},[66,104918,8402],{"class":102},[66,104920,104921,104923,104925],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104922,2319],{"class":72},[66,104924,77],{"class":76},[66,104926,9600],{"class":102},[66,104928,104929],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,104930,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,104932,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,104934,138],{"class":137},[66,104936,110],{"class":102},[66,104938,2964],{"class":2641},[66,104940,110],{"class":102},[66,104942,200],{"class":106},[66,104944,1330],{"class":102},[66,104946,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,104948,138],{"class":137},[66,104950,110],{"class":102},[66,104952,2964],{"class":2641},[66,104954,110],{"class":102},[66,104956,4514],{"class":106},[66,104958,1330],{"class":102},[20,104960,148],{},[57,104962,104964],{"className":59,"code":104963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104965,104966,104980],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104967,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104969,3033],{"class":76},[66,104971,3036],{"class":1797},[66,104973,3039],{"class":80},[66,104975,6039],{"class":84},[66,104977,3044],{"class":80},[66,104979,3047],{"class":76},[66,104981,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,104983,3033],{"class":76},[66,104985,3036],{"class":1797},[66,104987,3039],{"class":80},[66,104989,8581],{"class":84},[66,104991,3044],{"class":80},[66,104993,3047],{"class":76},[20,104995,13810],{},[20,104997,104998,104999,103],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[200,105000,104255],{"href":96094},[52,105002,105004],{"id":105003},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[258,105006,105008],{"id":105007},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105010,105011,105012,103],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105013,3547],{},[57,105015,105017],{"className":59,"code":105016,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105018,105019,105051,105065,105069],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105020,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105022,3365],{"class":72},[66,105024,77],{"class":76},[66,105026,3370],{"class":102},[66,105028,2729],{"class":478},[66,105030,121],{"class":102},[66,105032,561],{"class":478},[66,105034,121],{"class":102},[66,105036,561],{"class":478},[66,105038,121],{"class":102},[66,105040,2186],{"class":478},[66,105042,121],{"class":102},[66,105044,2186],{"class":478},[66,105046,121],{"class":102},[66,105048,2186],{"class":478},[66,105050,3383],{"class":102},[66,105052,105053,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105054,447],{"class":72},[66,105056,77],{"class":76},[66,105058,15395],{"class":2641},[66,105060,110],{"class":102},[66,105062,3397],{"class":106},[66,105064,131],{"class":102},[66,105066,105067],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,105068,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,105070,105071,105073,105075,105077],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,105072,138],{"class":137},[66,105074,110],{"class":102},[66,105076,494],{"class":106},[66,105078,131],{"class":102},[20,105080,148],{},[57,105082,105083],{"className":59,"code":96370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105084,105085],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105086,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105088,9039],{"class":102},[66,105090,2729],{"class":478},[66,105092,121],{"class":102},[66,105094,561],{"class":478},[66,105096,121],{"class":102},[66,105098,2186],{"class":478},[66,105100,9070],{"class":102},[20,105102,105103,105104,103],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[200,105105,98841],{"href":105106},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[258,105108,105110],{"id":105109},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[57,105112,105114],{"className":59,"code":105113,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105115,105116,105140,105154,105158],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105117,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105119,3573],{"class":72},[66,105121,77],{"class":76},[66,105123,8997],{"class":102},[66,105125,1869],{"class":478},[66,105127,121],{"class":102},[66,105129,4357],{"class":478},[66,105131,121],{"class":102},[66,105133,5757],{"class":478},[66,105135,121],{"class":102},[66,105137,37702],{"class":478},[66,105139,131],{"class":102},[66,105141,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105143,447],{"class":72},[66,105145,77],{"class":76},[66,105147,15395],{"class":2641},[66,105149,110],{"class":102},[66,105151,5114],{"class":106},[66,105153,131],{"class":102},[66,105155,105156],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,105157,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,105159,105160,105162,105164,105166],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,105161,138],{"class":137},[66,105163,110],{"class":102},[66,105165,494],{"class":106},[66,105167,131],{"class":102},[20,105169,148],{},[57,105171,105173],{"className":59,"code":105172,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105174,105175],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105176,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105178,9039],{"class":102},[66,105180,1869],{"class":478},[66,105182,121],{"class":102},[66,105184,5757],{"class":478},[66,105186,121],{"class":102},[66,105188,37702],{"class":478},[66,105190,9070],{"class":102},[258,105192,105194],{"id":105193},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105196,50894,105197,105199],{},[15,105198,3547],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[57,105201,105203],{"className":59,"code":105202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105204,105205,105217,105231,105235],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105206,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105208,73],{"class":72},[66,105210,77],{"class":76},[66,105212,81],{"class":80},[66,105214,627],{"class":84},[66,105216,88],{"class":80},[66,105218,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105220,447],{"class":72},[66,105222,77],{"class":76},[66,105224,15395],{"class":2641},[66,105226,110],{"class":102},[66,105228,349],{"class":106},[66,105230,131],{"class":102},[66,105232,105233],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,105234,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,105236,105237,105239,105241,105243],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,105238,138],{"class":137},[66,105240,110],{"class":102},[66,105242,494],{"class":106},[66,105244,131],{"class":102},[20,105246,29796],{},[57,105248,105250],{"className":59,"code":105249,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105251,105252],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105253,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105255,9039],{"class":102},[66,105257,3044],{"class":80},[66,105259,4514],{"class":84},[66,105261,3044],{"class":80},[66,105263,121],{"class":102},[66,105265,3039],{"class":80},[66,105267,200],{"class":84},[66,105269,3044],{"class":80},[66,105271,121],{"class":102},[66,105273,3039],{"class":80},[66,105275,75794],{"class":84},[66,105277,3044],{"class":80},[66,105279,9070],{"class":102},[20,105281,105282],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[258,105284,105286],{"id":105285},"from-range","From range()",[57,105288,105290],{"className":59,"code":105289,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105291,105292,105310],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105293,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105295,447],{"class":72},[66,105297,77],{"class":76},[66,105299,15395],{"class":2641},[66,105301,110],{"class":102},[66,105303,59767],{"class":137},[66,105305,110],{"class":102},[66,105307,1869],{"class":478},[66,105309,1330],{"class":102},[66,105311,105312,105314,105316,105318],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105313,138],{"class":137},[66,105315,110],{"class":102},[66,105317,494],{"class":106},[66,105319,131],{"class":102},[20,105321,148],{},[57,105323,105325],{"className":59,"code":105324,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105326,105327],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105330,9039],{"class":102},[66,105332,1852],{"class":478},[66,105334,121],{"class":102},[66,105336,479],{"class":478},[66,105338,121],{"class":102},[66,105340,561],{"class":478},[66,105342,121],{"class":102},[66,105344,2186],{"class":478},[66,105346,121],{"class":102},[66,105348,2192],{"class":478},[66,105350,9070],{"class":102},[52,105352,105354],{"id":105353},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105356,99288,105357,103],{},[398,105358,96134],{},[20,105360,105361],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105363,99294],{},[33,105365,105366,105370,105374,105378],{},[36,105367,105368],{},[15,105369,1922],{},[36,105371,105372],{},[15,105373,3188],{},[36,105375,105376],{},[15,105377,1926],{},[36,105379,105380,105382],{},[15,105381,48721],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105384,923],{},[57,105386,105388],{"className":59,"code":105387,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105389,105390,105421],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105391,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105393,7535],{"class":72},[66,105395,77],{"class":76},[66,105397,10253],{"class":102},[66,105399,2729],{"class":478},[66,105401,121],{"class":102},[66,105403,81],{"class":80},[66,105405,939],{"class":84},[66,105407,113],{"class":80},[66,105409,121],{"class":102},[66,105411,8997],{"class":102},[66,105413,2064],{"class":478},[66,105415,121],{"class":102},[66,105417,7546],{"class":478},[66,105419,105420],{"class":102},")}\n",[66,105422,105423,105425,105427,105429],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105424,138],{"class":137},[66,105426,110],{"class":102},[66,105428,7566],{"class":106},[66,105430,131],{"class":102},[20,105432,99356,105433,105435],{},[398,105434,4383],{}," work inside a set:",[33,105437,105438,105442,105446],{},[36,105439,105440],{},[15,105441,7851],{},[36,105443,105444],{},[15,105445,8581],{},[36,105447,105448],{},[15,105449,6039],{},[20,105451,96859],{},[57,105453,105455],{"className":59,"code":105454,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105456,105457],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105460,99375],{"class":72},[66,105462,77],{"class":76},[66,105464,99380],{"class":102},[66,105466,2729],{"class":478},[66,105468,121],{"class":102},[66,105470,561],{"class":478},[66,105472,17824],{"class":102},[66,105474,3370],{"class":102},[66,105476,1794],{"class":478},[66,105478,121],{"class":102},[66,105480,2192],{"class":478},[66,105482,13467],{"class":102},[20,105484,76622,105485,105487],{},[15,105486,2746],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105489,105490],{},"A safer example:",[57,105492,105494],{"className":59,"code":105493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105495,105496,105524],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105497,105498,105501,105503,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105499,105500],{"class":72},"good_set ",[66,105502,77],{"class":76},[66,105504,105505],{"class":102}," {(",[66,105507,2729],{"class":478},[66,105509,121],{"class":102},[66,105511,561],{"class":478},[66,105513,8994],{"class":102},[66,105515,8997],{"class":102},[66,105517,1794],{"class":478},[66,105519,121],{"class":102},[66,105521,2192],{"class":478},[66,105523,105420],{"class":102},[66,105525,105526,105528,105530,105533],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105527,138],{"class":137},[66,105529,110],{"class":102},[66,105531,105532],{"class":106},"good_set",[66,105534,131],{"class":102},[20,105536,148],{},[57,105538,105540],{"className":59,"code":105539,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105541,105542],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105543,105544,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105545,105546],{"class":102},"{(",[66,105548,2729],{"class":478},[66,105550,121],{"class":102},[66,105552,561],{"class":478},[66,105554,8994],{"class":102},[66,105556,8997],{"class":102},[66,105558,1794],{"class":478},[66,105560,121],{"class":102},[66,105562,2192],{"class":478},[66,105564,105420],{"class":102},[52,105566,105568],{"id":105567},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105570,160,105571,10364],{},[15,105572,3547],{},[33,105574,105575,105578,105583,105586],{},[36,105576,105577],{},"you need unique values only",[36,105579,105580,105581],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105582,3634],{},[36,105584,105585],{},"order does not matter",[36,105587,105588],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105590,105591],{},"Example of membership checking:",[57,105593,105595],{"className":59,"code":105594,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105596,105597,105622,105626,105642],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105598,105599,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105615,105617,105620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105600,105601],{"class":72},"allowed_ids ",[66,105603,77],{"class":76},[66,105605,15395],{"class":2641},[66,105607,2726],{"class":102},[66,105609,46359],{"class":478},[66,105611,121],{"class":102},[66,105613,105614],{"class":478}," 102",[66,105616,121],{"class":102},[66,105618,105619],{"class":478}," 103",[66,105621,3640],{"class":102},[66,105623,105624],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105625,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,105627,105628,105630,105632,105635,105637,105640],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,105629,138],{"class":137},[66,105631,110],{"class":102},[66,105633,105634],{"class":478},"102",[66,105636,20937],{"class":3627},[66,105638,105639],{"class":106}," allowed_ids",[66,105641,131],{"class":102},[66,105643,105644,105646,105648,105651,105653,105655],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,105645,138],{"class":137},[66,105647,110],{"class":102},[66,105649,105650],{"class":478},"999",[66,105652,20937],{"class":3627},[66,105654,105639],{"class":106},[66,105656,131],{"class":102},[20,105658,148],{},[57,105660,105661],{"className":59,"code":43940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105662,105663,105667],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105664,105665],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105666,3732],{"class":3602},[66,105668,105669],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105670,3793],{"class":3602},[20,105672,105673],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[52,105675,105677],{"id":105676},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105679,105680],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[258,105682,160,105684,97985],{"id":105683},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105685,3547],{},[57,105687,105688],{"className":59,"code":98046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105689,105690,105700],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105691,105692,105694,105696,105698],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105693,98053],{"class":72},[66,105695,77],{"class":76},[66,105697,15395],{"class":2641},[66,105699,8402],{"class":102},[66,105701,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105703,138],{"class":137},[66,105705,110],{"class":102},[66,105707,2964],{"class":2641},[66,105709,110],{"class":102},[66,105711,98072],{"class":106},[66,105713,1330],{"class":102},[20,105715,148],{},[57,105717,105718],{"className":59,"code":8612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105719,105720],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105721,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105723,3033],{"class":76},[66,105725,3036],{"class":1797},[66,105727,3039],{"class":80},[66,105729,6039],{"class":84},[66,105731,3044],{"class":80},[66,105733,3047],{"class":76},[258,105735,160,105737,105739],{"id":105736},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105738,100045],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[57,105741,105743],{"className":59,"code":105742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105744,105745,105765],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105746,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105748,3365],{"class":72},[66,105750,77],{"class":76},[66,105752,10253],{"class":102},[66,105754,2729],{"class":478},[66,105756,121],{"class":102},[66,105758,561],{"class":478},[66,105760,121],{"class":102},[66,105762,2186],{"class":478},[66,105764,9070],{"class":102},[66,105766,105767,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105768,138],{"class":137},[66,105770,110],{"class":102},[66,105772,2964],{"class":2641},[66,105774,110],{"class":102},[66,105776,3397],{"class":106},[66,105778,1330],{"class":102},[20,105780,148],{},[57,105782,105783],{"className":59,"code":8612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105784,105785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105786,105787,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105788,3033],{"class":76},[66,105790,3036],{"class":1797},[66,105792,3039],{"class":80},[66,105794,6039],{"class":84},[66,105796,3044],{"class":80},[66,105798,3047],{"class":76},[258,105800,160,105802,105804],{"id":105801},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105803,3542],{}," for an empty dictionary",[57,105806,105808],{"className":59,"code":105807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105809,105810,105819],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105811,105812,105815,105817],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105813,105814],{"class":72},"empty_dict ",[66,105816,77],{"class":76},[66,105818,9600],{"class":102},[66,105820,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105832],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105822,138],{"class":137},[66,105824,110],{"class":102},[66,105826,2964],{"class":2641},[66,105828,110],{"class":102},[66,105830,105831],{"class":106},"empty_dict",[66,105833,1330],{"class":102},[20,105835,148],{},[57,105837,105838],{"className":59,"code":8568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105839,105840],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105841,105842,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105843,3033],{"class":76},[66,105845,3036],{"class":1797},[66,105847,3039],{"class":80},[66,105849,8581],{"class":84},[66,105851,3044],{"class":80},[66,105853,3047],{"class":76},[20,105855,105856],{},"So the rule is simple:",[33,105858,105859,105864,105869],{},[36,105860,105861,105863],{},[15,105862,3547],{}," → empty set",[36,105865,105866,105868],{},[15,105867,100045],{}," → non-empty set",[36,105870,105871,105873],{},[15,105872,3542],{}," → empty dictionary",[52,105875,2568],{"id":2567},[20,105877,105878,105879,103],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105880,3547],{},[258,105882,8176,105883,99643],{"id":99640},[15,105884,3542],{},[20,105886,105887],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[57,105889,105890],{"className":59,"code":99649,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105891,105892,105900],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105893,105894,105896,105898],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105895,2181],{"class":72},[66,105897,77],{"class":76},[66,105899,9600],{"class":102},[66,105901,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910,105912],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,105903,138],{"class":137},[66,105905,110],{"class":102},[66,105907,2964],{"class":2641},[66,105909,110],{"class":102},[66,105911,2208],{"class":106},[66,105913,1330],{"class":102},[258,105915,105917,105918],{"id":105916},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105919,105920],{},"set(5)",[20,105922,105923,105925],{},[15,105924,3547],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[57,105927,105929],{"className":59,"code":105928,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set(5)\n",[15,105930,105931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105932,105933,105935,105937,105939],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105934,6039],{"class":2641},[66,105936,110],{"class":102},[66,105938,1869],{"class":478},[66,105940,131],{"class":102},[20,105942,2743,105943,105945,105946,103],{},[15,105944,2746],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[200,105947,105949],{"href":105948},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[258,105951,105953],{"id":105952},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105955,105956],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[57,105958,105960],{"className":59,"code":105959,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105961,105962],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105963,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105965,2181],{"class":72},[66,105967,77],{"class":76},[66,105969,99380],{"class":102},[66,105971,2729],{"class":478},[66,105973,121],{"class":102},[66,105975,561],{"class":478},[66,105977,17824],{"class":102},[66,105979,3370],{"class":102},[66,105981,1794],{"class":478},[66,105983,121],{"class":102},[66,105985,2192],{"class":478},[66,105987,13467],{"class":102},[258,105989,1119,105991,105993],{"id":105990},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105992,3547],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105995,105996],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[258,105998,1128,106000,8464,106002,2617,106004],{"id":105999},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106001,3547],{},[15,106003,24546],{},[15,106005,8880],{},[20,106007,106008],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[52,106010,60475],{"id":60474},[20,106012,10875],{},[57,106014,106016],{"className":59,"code":106015,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106017,106018,106033,106043,106057],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106019,106020,106022,106024,106026,106028,106031],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106021,138],{"class":137},[66,106023,110],{"class":102},[66,106025,2964],{"class":2641},[66,106027,110],{"class":102},[66,106029,106030],{"class":106},"my_value",[66,106032,1330],{"class":102},[66,106034,106035,106037,106039,106041],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,106036,138],{"class":137},[66,106038,110],{"class":102},[66,106040,106030],{"class":106},[66,106042,131],{"class":102},[66,106044,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,106046,138],{"class":137},[66,106048,110],{"class":102},[66,106050,7851],{"class":2641},[66,106052,110],{"class":102},[66,106054,15428],{"class":106},[66,106056,1330],{"class":102},[66,106058,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,106060,138],{"class":137},[66,106062,110],{"class":102},[66,106064,10924],{"class":137},[66,106066,110],{"class":102},[66,106068,15428],{"class":106},[66,106070,1330],{"class":102},[20,106072,106073],{},"What they help you see:",[33,106075,106076,106082,106087,106093],{},[36,106077,106078,106081],{},[15,106079,106080],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[36,106083,106084,90309],{},[15,106085,106086],{},"print(my_value)",[36,106088,106089,106092],{},[15,106090,106091],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[36,106094,106095,106098],{},[15,106096,106097],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[52,106100,1518],{"id":1517},[258,106102,106104],{"id":106103},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106106,106107],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[258,106109,106111],{"id":106110},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106113,160,106114,106116,106117,106119],{},[15,106115,3547],{},". Do not use ",[15,106118,3542],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[258,106121,106123],{"id":106122},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106125,106126],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[258,106128,106130],{"id":106129},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106132,106133],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106135,923],{},[57,106137,106139],{"className":59,"code":106138,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106140,106141],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106142,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106144,138],{"class":137},[66,106146,110],{"class":102},[66,106148,6039],{"class":2641},[66,106150,110],{"class":102},[66,106152,113],{"class":80},[66,106154,3832],{"class":84},[66,106156,113],{"class":80},[66,106158,1330],{"class":102},[20,106160,29796],{},[57,106162,106164],{"className":59,"code":106163,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106165,106166],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106167,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106169,9039],{"class":102},[66,106171,3044],{"class":80},[66,106173,200],{"class":84},[66,106175,3044],{"class":80},[66,106177,121],{"class":102},[66,106179,3039],{"class":80},[66,106181,20],{"class":84},[66,106183,3044],{"class":80},[66,106185,121],{"class":102},[66,106187,3039],{"class":80},[66,106189,60224],{"class":84},[66,106191,3044],{"class":80},[66,106193,121],{"class":102},[66,106195,3039],{"class":80},[66,106197,60215],{"class":84},[66,106199,3044],{"class":80},[66,106201,9070],{"class":102},[258,106203,4913,106205,106208],{"id":106204},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106206,106207],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106210,106211,28451,106213,106216],{},[15,106212,3547],{},[398,106214,106215],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106218,106219],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[57,106221,106223],{"className":59,"code":106222,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106224,106225],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106226,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106228,138],{"class":137},[66,106230,110],{"class":102},[66,106232,6039],{"class":2641},[66,106234,2726],{"class":102},[66,106236,2729],{"class":478},[66,106238,121],{"class":102},[66,106240,561],{"class":478},[66,106242,121],{"class":102},[66,106244,2186],{"class":478},[66,106246,121],{"class":102},[66,106248,2192],{"class":478},[66,106250,2740],{"class":102},[52,106252,1620],{"id":1619},[33,106254,106255,106259,106263,106267,106271],{},[36,106256,106257],{},[200,106258,96091],{"href":96090},[36,106260,106261],{},[200,106262,104255],{"href":96094},[36,106264,106265],{},[200,106266,100107],{"href":105106},[36,106268,106269],{},[200,106270,104813],{"href":64611},[36,106272,106273],{},[200,106274,105949],{"href":105948},[1651,106276,106277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":106279},[106280,106281,106282,106283,106284,106290,106291,106292,106300,106310,106311,106319],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":104431,"depth":91,"text":104432},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":104816,"depth":91,"text":104817},{"id":105003,"depth":91,"text":105004,"children":106285},[106286,106287,106288,106289],{"id":105007,"depth":134,"text":105008},{"id":105109,"depth":134,"text":105110},{"id":105193,"depth":134,"text":105194},{"id":105285,"depth":134,"text":105286},{"id":105353,"depth":91,"text":105354},{"id":105567,"depth":91,"text":105568},{"id":105676,"depth":91,"text":105677,"children":106293},[106294,106296,106298],{"id":105683,"depth":134,"text":106295},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105736,"depth":134,"text":106297},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105801,"depth":134,"text":106299},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":106301},[106302,106303,106305,106306,106308],{"id":99640,"depth":134,"text":100148},{"id":105916,"depth":134,"text":106304},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105952,"depth":134,"text":105953},{"id":105990,"depth":134,"text":106307},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105999,"depth":134,"text":106309},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60474,"depth":91,"text":60475},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":106312},[106313,106314,106315,106316,106317],{"id":106103,"depth":134,"text":106104},{"id":106110,"depth":134,"text":106111},{"id":106122,"depth":134,"text":106123},{"id":106129,"depth":134,"text":106130},{"id":106204,"depth":134,"text":106318},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104313,"description":106320},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106327,"title":106328,"body":106329,"description":107844,"extension":1694,"meta":107845,"navigation":338,"path":107846,"seo":107847,"stem":107848,"__hash__":107849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106330,"toc":107820},[106331,106337,106342,106345,106428,106433,106438,106443,106445,106458,106462,106464,106483,106486,106509,106512,106523,106525,106606,106608,106625,106627,106633,106636,106731,106733,106764,106766,106774,106776,106779,106890,106892,106917,106919,106941,106946,106951,106957,107066,107068,107084,107087,107090,107173,107175,107192,107200,107202,107206,107212,107303,107305,107338,107343,107350,107427,107429,107446,107452,107454,107458,107474,107477,107503,107505,107566,107568,107691,107693,107744,107750,107752,107757,107759,107765,107768,107772,107775,107779,107782,107792,107794,107817],[10,106332,3321,106334,18],{"id":106333},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106335,106336],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106338,1711,106339,106341],{},[15,106340,106336],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106343,106344],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[57,106346,106348],{"className":59,"code":106347,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106349,106350,106370,106390,106394,106413,106423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106351,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106353,2291],{"class":72},[66,106355,77],{"class":76},[66,106357,10253],{"class":102},[66,106359,2729],{"class":478},[66,106361,121],{"class":102},[66,106363,561],{"class":478},[66,106365,121],{"class":102},[66,106367,2186],{"class":478},[66,106369,9070],{"class":102},[66,106371,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,106373,2319],{"class":72},[66,106375,77],{"class":76},[66,106377,10253],{"class":102},[66,106379,1788],{"class":478},[66,106381,121],{"class":102},[66,106383,2186],{"class":478},[66,106385,121],{"class":102},[66,106387,2192],{"class":478},[66,106389,9070],{"class":102},[66,106391,106392],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,106393,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,106395,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106407,106409,106411],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,106397,447],{"class":72},[66,106399,77],{"class":76},[66,106401,56656],{"class":72},[66,106403,103],{"class":102},[66,106405,106406],{"class":106},"intersection",[66,106408,110],{"class":102},[66,106410,4514],{"class":106},[66,106412,131],{"class":102},[66,106414,106415,106417,106419,106421],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,106416,138],{"class":137},[66,106418,110],{"class":102},[66,106420,494],{"class":106},[66,106422,131],{"class":102},[66,106424,106425],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,106426,106427],{"class":3413},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106429,160,106430,106432],{},[15,106431,102554],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[52,106434,12759,106436,12762],{"id":106435},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106437,102554],{},[20,106439,106440,106442],{},[15,106441,102554],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106444,178],{},[33,106446,106447,106450,106452,106455],{},[36,106448,106449],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[36,106451,100324],{},[36,106453,106454],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[36,106456,106457],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106459,96087,106460,103],{},[200,106461,96091],{"href":96090},[52,106463,1891],{"id":1890},[57,106465,106467],{"className":59,"code":106466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106468,106469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106470,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106472,100348],{"class":72},[66,106474,103],{"class":102},[66,106476,106406],{"class":106},[66,106478,110],{"class":102},[66,106480,100357],{"class":106},[66,106482,131],{"class":102},[20,106484,106485],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[57,106487,106489],{"className":59,"code":106488,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106490,106491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106492,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106494,100348],{"class":72},[66,106496,103],{"class":102},[66,106498,106406],{"class":106},[66,106500,110],{"class":102},[66,106502,100357],{"class":106},[66,106504,121],{"class":102},[66,106506,100384],{"class":106},[66,106508,131],{"class":102},[20,106510,106511],{},"Important notes:",[33,106513,106514,106517,106520],{},[36,106515,106516],{},"The result is always a new set",[36,106518,106519],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[36,106521,106522],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106524,923],{},[57,106526,106528],{"className":59,"code":106527,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106529,106530,106554,106574,106578,106596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106531,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106533,2291],{"class":72},[66,106535,77],{"class":76},[66,106537,10253],{"class":102},[66,106539,2729],{"class":478},[66,106541,121],{"class":102},[66,106543,561],{"class":478},[66,106545,121],{"class":102},[66,106547,2186],{"class":478},[66,106549,121],{"class":102},[66,106551,2192],{"class":478},[66,106553,9070],{"class":102},[66,106555,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,106557,2319],{"class":72},[66,106559,77],{"class":76},[66,106561,10253],{"class":102},[66,106563,1794],{"class":478},[66,106565,121],{"class":102},[66,106567,2192],{"class":478},[66,106569,121],{"class":102},[66,106571,4357],{"class":478},[66,106573,9070],{"class":102},[66,106575,106576],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,106577,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,106579,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,106581,447],{"class":72},[66,106583,77],{"class":76},[66,106585,56656],{"class":72},[66,106587,103],{"class":102},[66,106589,106406],{"class":106},[66,106591,110],{"class":102},[66,106593,4514],{"class":106},[66,106595,131],{"class":102},[66,106597,106598,106600,106602,106604],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,106599,138],{"class":137},[66,106601,110],{"class":102},[66,106603,494],{"class":106},[66,106605,131],{"class":102},[20,106607,148],{},[57,106609,106611],{"className":59,"code":106610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106612,106613],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106614,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106616,9039],{"class":102},[66,106618,1794],{"class":478},[66,106620,121],{"class":102},[66,106622,2192],{"class":478},[66,106624,9070],{"class":102},[52,106626,17180],{"id":17179},[20,106628,106629,21739,106631,103],{},[15,106630,102554],{},[398,106632,6039],{},[20,106634,106635],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[57,106637,106639],{"className":59,"code":106638,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106640,106641,106661,106681,106685,106703,106707,106717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106642,106643,106645,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106644,2291],{"class":72},[66,106646,77],{"class":76},[66,106648,10253],{"class":102},[66,106650,2729],{"class":478},[66,106652,121],{"class":102},[66,106654,561],{"class":478},[66,106656,121],{"class":102},[66,106658,2186],{"class":478},[66,106660,9070],{"class":102},[66,106662,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,106664,2319],{"class":72},[66,106666,77],{"class":76},[66,106668,10253],{"class":102},[66,106670,1788],{"class":478},[66,106672,121],{"class":102},[66,106674,2186],{"class":478},[66,106676,121],{"class":102},[66,106678,2192],{"class":478},[66,106680,9070],{"class":102},[66,106682,106683],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,106684,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,106686,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,106688,447],{"class":72},[66,106690,77],{"class":76},[66,106692,56656],{"class":72},[66,106694,103],{"class":102},[66,106696,106406],{"class":106},[66,106698,110],{"class":102},[66,106700,4514],{"class":106},[66,106702,131],{"class":102},[66,106704,106705],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,106706,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,106710,138],{"class":137},[66,106712,110],{"class":102},[66,106714,494],{"class":106},[66,106716,131],{"class":102},[66,106718,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,106720,138],{"class":137},[66,106722,110],{"class":102},[66,106724,2964],{"class":2641},[66,106726,110],{"class":102},[66,106728,494],{"class":106},[66,106730,1330],{"class":102},[20,106732,148],{},[57,106734,106736],{"className":59,"code":106735,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106737,106738,106750],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106739,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106741,9039],{"class":102},[66,106743,1788],{"class":478},[66,106745,121],{"class":102},[66,106747,2186],{"class":478},[66,106749,9070],{"class":102},[66,106751,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,106753,3033],{"class":76},[66,106755,3036],{"class":1797},[66,106757,3039],{"class":80},[66,106759,6039],{"class":84},[66,106761,3044],{"class":80},[66,106763,3047],{"class":76},[20,106765,85576],{},[33,106767,106768,106771],{},[36,106769,106770],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[36,106772,106773],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[52,106775,11238],{"id":11237},[20,106777,106778],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[57,106780,106782],{"className":59,"code":106781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106783,106784,106817,106850,106854,106875,106879],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106785,106786,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106787,106788],{"class":72},"colors1 ",[66,106790,77],{"class":76},[66,106792,10253],{"class":102},[66,106794,113],{"class":80},[66,106796,1392],{"class":84},[66,106798,113],{"class":80},[66,106800,121],{"class":102},[66,106802,81],{"class":80},[66,106804,1401],{"class":84},[66,106806,113],{"class":80},[66,106808,121],{"class":102},[66,106810,81],{"class":80},[66,106812,17217],{"class":84},[66,106814,113],{"class":80},[66,106816,9070],{"class":102},[66,106818,106819,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,106820,106821],{"class":72},"colors2 ",[66,106823,77],{"class":76},[66,106825,10253],{"class":102},[66,106827,113],{"class":80},[66,106829,17217],{"class":84},[66,106831,113],{"class":80},[66,106833,121],{"class":102},[66,106835,81],{"class":80},[66,106837,22288],{"class":84},[66,106839,113],{"class":80},[66,106841,121],{"class":102},[66,106843,81],{"class":80},[66,106845,1401],{"class":84},[66,106847,113],{"class":80},[66,106849,9070],{"class":102},[66,106851,106852],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,106853,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,106855,106856,106859,106861,106864,106866,106868,106870,106873],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,106857,106858],{"class":72},"common_colors ",[66,106860,77],{"class":76},[66,106862,106863],{"class":72}," colors1",[66,106865,103],{"class":102},[66,106867,106406],{"class":106},[66,106869,110],{"class":102},[66,106871,106872],{"class":106},"colors2",[66,106874,131],{"class":102},[66,106876,106877],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,106878,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,106880,106881,106883,106885,106888],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,106882,138],{"class":137},[66,106884,110],{"class":102},[66,106886,106887],{"class":106},"common_colors",[66,106889,131],{"class":102},[20,106891,148],{},[57,106893,106895],{"className":59,"code":106894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106896,106897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106898,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106900,9039],{"class":102},[66,106902,3044],{"class":80},[66,106904,1401],{"class":84},[66,106906,3044],{"class":80},[66,106908,121],{"class":102},[66,106910,3039],{"class":80},[66,106912,17217],{"class":84},[66,106914,3044],{"class":80},[66,106916,9070],{"class":102},[20,106918,11447],{},[33,106920,106921,106927,106931,106936],{},[36,106922,106923,106926],{},[15,106924,106925],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[36,106928,106929,106926],{},[15,106930,106872],{},[36,106932,106933,106935],{},[15,106934,102554],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[36,106937,106938,106939],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106940,106887],{},[52,106942,8176,106944,100921],{"id":106943},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106945,102554],{},[20,106947,106948,106949,103],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106950,102554],{},[20,106952,106953,106954,106956],{},"Only the values found in ",[398,106955,3465],{}," inputs will be kept.",[57,106958,106960],{"className":59,"code":106959,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106961,106962,106986,107010,107030,107034,107056],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106963,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106965,2291],{"class":72},[66,106967,77],{"class":76},[66,106969,10253],{"class":102},[66,106971,2729],{"class":478},[66,106973,121],{"class":102},[66,106975,561],{"class":478},[66,106977,121],{"class":102},[66,106979,2186],{"class":478},[66,106981,121],{"class":102},[66,106983,2192],{"class":478},[66,106985,9070],{"class":102},[66,106987,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,106989,2319],{"class":72},[66,106991,77],{"class":76},[66,106993,10253],{"class":102},[66,106995,1788],{"class":478},[66,106997,121],{"class":102},[66,106999,2186],{"class":478},[66,107001,121],{"class":102},[66,107003,2192],{"class":478},[66,107005,121],{"class":102},[66,107007,4357],{"class":478},[66,107009,9070],{"class":102},[66,107011,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107013,82950],{"class":72},[66,107015,77],{"class":76},[66,107017,10253],{"class":102},[66,107019,1794],{"class":478},[66,107021,121],{"class":102},[66,107023,2192],{"class":478},[66,107025,121],{"class":102},[66,107027,37409],{"class":478},[66,107029,9070],{"class":102},[66,107031,107032],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107033,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107035,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,107037,447],{"class":72},[66,107039,77],{"class":76},[66,107041,56656],{"class":72},[66,107043,103],{"class":102},[66,107045,106406],{"class":106},[66,107047,110],{"class":102},[66,107049,4514],{"class":106},[66,107051,121],{"class":102},[66,107053,9443],{"class":106},[66,107055,131],{"class":102},[66,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,107059,138],{"class":137},[66,107061,110],{"class":102},[66,107063,494],{"class":106},[66,107065,131],{"class":102},[20,107067,148],{},[57,107069,107070],{"className":59,"code":106610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,107071,107072],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107073,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107075,9039],{"class":102},[66,107077,1794],{"class":478},[66,107079,121],{"class":102},[66,107081,2192],{"class":478},[66,107083,9070],{"class":102},[20,107085,107086],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107088,107089],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[57,107091,107093],{"className":59,"code":107092,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107094,107095,107119,107123,107163],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107096,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107098,2291],{"class":72},[66,107100,77],{"class":76},[66,107102,10253],{"class":102},[66,107104,2729],{"class":478},[66,107106,121],{"class":102},[66,107108,561],{"class":478},[66,107110,121],{"class":102},[66,107112,2186],{"class":478},[66,107114,121],{"class":102},[66,107116,2192],{"class":478},[66,107118,9070],{"class":102},[66,107120,107121],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107122,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107124,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107126,447],{"class":72},[66,107128,77],{"class":76},[66,107130,56656],{"class":72},[66,107132,103],{"class":102},[66,107134,106406],{"class":106},[66,107136,2726],{"class":102},[66,107138,1788],{"class":478},[66,107140,121],{"class":102},[66,107142,2192],{"class":478},[66,107144,121],{"class":102},[66,107146,37409],{"class":478},[66,107148,17824],{"class":102},[66,107150,8997],{"class":102},[66,107152,2729],{"class":478},[66,107154,121],{"class":102},[66,107156,561],{"class":478},[66,107158,121],{"class":102},[66,107160,2192],{"class":478},[66,107162,1330],{"class":102},[66,107164,107165,107167,107169,107171],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107166,138],{"class":137},[66,107168,110],{"class":102},[66,107170,494],{"class":106},[66,107172,131],{"class":102},[20,107174,148],{},[57,107176,107178],{"className":59,"code":107177,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107179,107180],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107181,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107183,9039],{"class":102},[66,107185,1788],{"class":478},[66,107187,121],{"class":102},[66,107189,2192],{"class":478},[66,107191,9070],{"class":102},[52,107193,107195,10348,107197],{"id":107194},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107196,102554],{},[15,107198,107199],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107201,101091],{},[258,107203,107204],{"id":106406},[15,107205,102554],{},[33,107207,107208,107210],{},[36,107209,101100],{},[36,107211,101103],{},[57,107213,107215],{"className":59,"code":107214,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107216,107217,107237,107257,107261,107279,107283,107293],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107218,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107220,2291],{"class":72},[66,107222,77],{"class":76},[66,107224,10253],{"class":102},[66,107226,2729],{"class":478},[66,107228,121],{"class":102},[66,107230,561],{"class":478},[66,107232,121],{"class":102},[66,107234,2186],{"class":478},[66,107236,9070],{"class":102},[66,107238,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107240,2319],{"class":72},[66,107242,77],{"class":76},[66,107244,10253],{"class":102},[66,107246,1788],{"class":478},[66,107248,121],{"class":102},[66,107250,2186],{"class":478},[66,107252,121],{"class":102},[66,107254,2192],{"class":478},[66,107256,9070],{"class":102},[66,107258,107259],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107260,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107262,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107264,447],{"class":72},[66,107266,77],{"class":76},[66,107268,56656],{"class":72},[66,107270,103],{"class":102},[66,107272,106406],{"class":106},[66,107274,110],{"class":102},[66,107276,4514],{"class":106},[66,107278,131],{"class":102},[66,107280,107281],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,107282,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107284,107285,107287,107289,107291],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,107286,138],{"class":137},[66,107288,110],{"class":102},[66,107290,200],{"class":106},[66,107292,131],{"class":102},[66,107294,107295,107297,107299,107301],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,107296,138],{"class":137},[66,107298,110],{"class":102},[66,107300,494],{"class":106},[66,107302,131],{"class":102},[20,107304,148],{},[57,107306,107308],{"className":59,"code":107307,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107309,107310,107326],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107311,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107313,9039],{"class":102},[66,107315,2729],{"class":478},[66,107317,121],{"class":102},[66,107319,561],{"class":478},[66,107321,121],{"class":102},[66,107323,2186],{"class":478},[66,107325,9070],{"class":102},[66,107327,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107329,9039],{"class":102},[66,107331,1788],{"class":478},[66,107333,121],{"class":102},[66,107335,2186],{"class":478},[66,107337,9070],{"class":102},[258,107339,107341],{"id":107340},"intersection_update",[15,107342,107199],{},[33,107344,107345,107347],{},[36,107346,101243],{},[36,107348,107349],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[57,107351,107353],{"className":59,"code":107352,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107354,107355,107375,107395,107399,107413,107417],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107356,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107358,2291],{"class":72},[66,107360,77],{"class":76},[66,107362,10253],{"class":102},[66,107364,2729],{"class":478},[66,107366,121],{"class":102},[66,107368,561],{"class":478},[66,107370,121],{"class":102},[66,107372,2186],{"class":478},[66,107374,9070],{"class":102},[66,107376,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107378,2319],{"class":72},[66,107380,77],{"class":76},[66,107382,10253],{"class":102},[66,107384,1788],{"class":478},[66,107386,121],{"class":102},[66,107388,2186],{"class":478},[66,107390,121],{"class":102},[66,107392,2192],{"class":478},[66,107394,9070],{"class":102},[66,107396,107397],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107398,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107400,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107402,200],{"class":72},[66,107404,103],{"class":102},[66,107406,107340],{"class":106},[66,107408,110],{"class":102},[66,107410,4514],{"class":106},[66,107412,131],{"class":102},[66,107414,107415],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,107416,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107418,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,107420,138],{"class":137},[66,107422,110],{"class":102},[66,107424,200],{"class":106},[66,107426,131],{"class":102},[20,107428,148],{},[57,107430,107432],{"className":59,"code":107431,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107433,107434],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107435,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107437,9039],{"class":102},[66,107439,1788],{"class":478},[66,107441,121],{"class":102},[66,107443,2186],{"class":478},[66,107445,9070],{"class":102},[20,107447,107448,107449,107451],{},"Choose ",[15,107450,102554],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[52,107453,1105],{"id":1104},[20,107455,14495,107456,1111],{},[15,107457,102554],{},[33,107459,107460,107463,107466,107469],{},[36,107461,107462],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[36,107464,107465],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[36,107467,107468],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[36,107470,107471,107472],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107473,102554],{},[20,107475,107476],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[33,107478,107479,107484,107487,107500],{},[36,107480,8176,107481,107483],{},[15,107482,102554],{}," when order matters",[36,107485,107486],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[36,107488,1128,107489,8464,107491,2617,107496],{},[15,107490,102554],{},[200,107492,107494],{"href":107493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107495,102562],{},[200,107497,107498],{"href":102603},[15,107499,100177],{},[36,107501,107502],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107504,29902],{},[57,107506,107508],{"className":59,"code":107507,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107509,107510,107520,107534,107552],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107511,107512,107514,107516,107518],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107513,138],{"class":137},[66,107515,110],{"class":102},[66,107517,15428],{"class":106},[66,107519,131],{"class":102},[66,107521,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107523,138],{"class":137},[66,107525,110],{"class":102},[66,107527,2964],{"class":2641},[66,107529,110],{"class":102},[66,107531,494],{"class":106},[66,107533,1330],{"class":102},[66,107535,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107537,138],{"class":137},[66,107539,110],{"class":102},[66,107541,100348],{"class":106},[66,107543,103],{"class":102},[66,107545,106406],{"class":106},[66,107547,110],{"class":102},[66,107549,100357],{"class":106},[66,107551,1330],{"class":102},[66,107553,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107555,138],{"class":137},[66,107557,110],{"class":102},[66,107559,10924],{"class":137},[66,107561,110],{"class":102},[66,107563,494],{"class":106},[66,107565,1330],{"class":102},[20,107567,923],{},[57,107569,107571],{"className":59,"code":107570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107572,107573,107597,107617,107621,107639,107643,107653,107663,107677],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107574,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107576,3365],{"class":72},[66,107578,77],{"class":76},[66,107580,10253],{"class":102},[66,107582,2729],{"class":478},[66,107584,121],{"class":102},[66,107586,561],{"class":478},[66,107588,121],{"class":102},[66,107590,561],{"class":478},[66,107592,121],{"class":102},[66,107594,2186],{"class":478},[66,107596,9070],{"class":102},[66,107598,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107600,43315],{"class":72},[66,107602,77],{"class":76},[66,107604,10253],{"class":102},[66,107606,1788],{"class":478},[66,107608,121],{"class":102},[66,107610,2186],{"class":478},[66,107612,121],{"class":102},[66,107614,2192],{"class":478},[66,107616,9070],{"class":102},[66,107618,107619],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107620,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107622,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107624,447],{"class":72},[66,107626,77],{"class":76},[66,107628,4016],{"class":72},[66,107630,103],{"class":102},[66,107632,106406],{"class":106},[66,107634,110],{"class":102},[66,107636,30510],{"class":106},[66,107638,131],{"class":102},[66,107640,107641],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,107642,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107644,107645,107647,107649,107651],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,107646,138],{"class":137},[66,107648,110],{"class":102},[66,107650,3397],{"class":106},[66,107652,131],{"class":102},[66,107654,107655,107657,107659,107661],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,107656,138],{"class":137},[66,107658,110],{"class":102},[66,107660,494],{"class":106},[66,107662,131],{"class":102},[66,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,107666,138],{"class":137},[66,107668,110],{"class":102},[66,107670,2964],{"class":2641},[66,107672,110],{"class":102},[66,107674,494],{"class":106},[66,107676,1330],{"class":102},[66,107678,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,107680,138],{"class":137},[66,107682,110],{"class":102},[66,107684,10924],{"class":137},[66,107686,110],{"class":102},[66,107688,494],{"class":106},[66,107690,1330],{"class":102},[20,107692,148],{},[57,107694,107696],{"className":59,"code":107695,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107697,107698,107714,107726,107740],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107699,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107701,9039],{"class":102},[66,107703,2729],{"class":478},[66,107705,121],{"class":102},[66,107707,561],{"class":478},[66,107709,121],{"class":102},[66,107711,2186],{"class":478},[66,107713,9070],{"class":102},[66,107715,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107717,9039],{"class":102},[66,107719,1788],{"class":478},[66,107721,121],{"class":102},[66,107723,2186],{"class":478},[66,107725,9070],{"class":102},[66,107727,107728,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107729,3033],{"class":76},[66,107731,3036],{"class":1797},[66,107733,3039],{"class":80},[66,107735,6039],{"class":84},[66,107737,3044],{"class":80},[66,107739,3047],{"class":76},[66,107741,107742],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107743,16819],{"class":478},[20,107745,107746,107747,107749],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107748,1788],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[52,107751,1518],{"id":1517},[258,107753,1522,107755,102502],{"id":107754},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107756,102554],{},[20,107758,102505],{},[258,107760,1573,107762,107764],{"id":107761},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107763,102554],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107766,107767],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[258,107769,107771],{"id":107770},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107773,107774],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[258,107776,107778],{"id":107777},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107780,107781],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[57,107783,107784],{"className":59,"code":97221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,107785,107786],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107787,107788,107790],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107789,6039],{"class":2641},[66,107791,8402],{"class":102},[52,107793,1620],{"id":1619},[33,107795,107796,107800,107807,107813],{},[36,107797,107798],{},[200,107799,96091],{"href":96090},[36,107801,107802],{},[200,107803,3321,107804,774],{"href":107493},[15,107805,107806],{},"set.union()",[36,107808,107809],{},[200,107810,3321,107811,774],{"href":102603},[15,107812,100182],{},[36,107814,107815],{},[200,107816,100107],{"href":105106},[1651,107818,107819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":107821},[107822,107824,107825,107826,107827,107829,107834,107835,107843],{"id":106435,"depth":91,"text":107823},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":106943,"depth":91,"text":107828},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107194,"depth":91,"text":107830,"children":107831},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107832,107833],{"id":106406,"depth":134,"text":102554},{"id":107340,"depth":134,"text":107199},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":107836},[107837,107839,107841,107842],{"id":107754,"depth":134,"text":107838},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107761,"depth":134,"text":107840},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107770,"depth":134,"text":107771},{"id":107777,"depth":134,"text":107778},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106328,"description":107844},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107851,"title":107852,"body":107853,"description":109089,"extension":1694,"meta":109090,"navigation":338,"path":109091,"seo":109092,"stem":109093,"__hash__":109094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107854,"toc":109056},[107855,107860,107866,107875,107877,107952,107957,107972,107982,107987,107991,108004,108008,108010,108025,108027,108043,108045,108120,108124,108127,108129,108146,108151,108206,108211,108223,108227,108230,108331,108333,108374,108377,108381,108388,108390,108415,108418,108436,108443,108449,108452,108534,108541,108544,108624,108633,108636,108641,108645,108659,108708,108713,108717,108728,108777,108788,108793,108797,108809,108858,108869,108871,108875,108898,108900,108957,108959,108973,108975,108981,108987,108993,109002,109006,109013,109017,109025,109027,109053],[10,107856,95963,107858,18],{"id":107857},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107859,12525],{},[20,107861,107862,107865],{},[15,107863,107864],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107867,107868,107869,107871,107872,107874],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[398,107870,4383],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107873,12525],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[52,107876,55],{"id":54},[57,107878,107880],{"className":59,"code":107879,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107881,107882,107914,107928,107932,107942],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107883,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107885,7535],{"class":72},[66,107887,77],{"class":76},[66,107889,10253],{"class":102},[66,107891,113],{"class":80},[66,107893,3832],{"class":84},[66,107895,113],{"class":80},[66,107897,121],{"class":102},[66,107899,81],{"class":80},[66,107901,627],{"class":84},[66,107903,113],{"class":80},[66,107905,121],{"class":102},[66,107907,81],{"class":80},[66,107909,3849],{"class":84},[66,107911,113],{"class":80},[66,107913,9070],{"class":102},[66,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,107917,69698],{"class":72},[66,107919,77],{"class":76},[66,107921,5718],{"class":72},[66,107923,103],{"class":102},[66,107925,26006],{"class":106},[66,107927,8402],{"class":102},[66,107929,107930],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,107931,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,107933,107934,107936,107938,107940],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,107935,138],{"class":137},[66,107937,110],{"class":102},[66,107939,69721],{"class":106},[66,107941,131],{"class":102},[66,107943,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,107945,138],{"class":137},[66,107947,110],{"class":102},[66,107949,7566],{"class":106},[66,107951,131],{"class":102},[20,107953,107954],{},[398,107955,107956],{},"What this does:",[33,107958,107959,107964,107969],{},[36,107960,107961,107962],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107963,7566],{},[36,107965,107966,107967],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107968,69721],{},[36,107970,107971],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107973,107974,88726,107976,107978,107979,107981],{},[398,107975,83585],{},[15,107977,107864],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[398,107980,4383],{}," chosen by index.",[52,107983,168,107985,41],{"id":107984},"what-setpop-does",[15,107986,107864],{},[20,107988,107989,1111],{},[15,107990,107864],{},[33,107992,107993,107995,107998,108001],{},[36,107994,102805],{},[36,107996,107997],{},"Returns the removed item",[36,107999,108000],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[36,108002,108003],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108005,96087,108006,103],{},[200,108007,96091],{"href":97262},[52,108009,1891],{"id":1890},[57,108011,108013],{"className":59,"code":108012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108014,108015],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108016,108017,108019,108021,108023],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108018,15428],{"class":72},[66,108020,103],{"class":102},[66,108022,26006],{"class":106},[66,108024,8402],{"class":102},[20,108026,178],{},[33,108028,108029,108035,108040],{},[36,108030,108031,108032],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108033,108034],{},"my_set.pop()",[36,108036,108037,108038],{},"It takes ",[398,108039,28454],{},[36,108041,108042],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108044,923],{},[57,108046,108048],{"className":59,"code":108047,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108049,108050,108082,108096,108100,108110],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108051,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108053,12838],{"class":72},[66,108055,77],{"class":76},[66,108057,10253],{"class":102},[66,108059,113],{"class":80},[66,108061,1392],{"class":84},[66,108063,113],{"class":80},[66,108065,121],{"class":102},[66,108067,81],{"class":80},[66,108069,1401],{"class":84},[66,108071,113],{"class":80},[66,108073,121],{"class":102},[66,108075,81],{"class":80},[66,108077,17217],{"class":84},[66,108079,113],{"class":80},[66,108081,9070],{"class":102},[66,108083,108084,108086,108088,108090,108092,108094],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108085,28304],{"class":72},[66,108087,77],{"class":76},[66,108089,12884],{"class":72},[66,108091,103],{"class":102},[66,108093,26006],{"class":106},[66,108095,8402],{"class":102},[66,108097,108098],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108099,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,108101,108102,108104,108106,108108],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,108103,138],{"class":137},[66,108105,110],{"class":102},[66,108107,23075],{"class":106},[66,108109,131],{"class":102},[66,108111,108112,108114,108116,108118],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,108113,138],{"class":137},[66,108115,110],{"class":102},[66,108117,17264],{"class":106},[66,108119,131],{"class":102},[52,108121,108123],{"id":108122},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108125,108126],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108128,1839],{},[33,108130,108131,108137,108140],{},[36,108132,108133,108134,108136],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108135,12525],{}," removes",[36,108138,108139],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[36,108141,108142,108143,108145],{},"You should not use ",[15,108144,12525],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108147,10223,108148,108150],{},[398,108149,4383],{}," valid:",[57,108152,108154],{"className":59,"code":108153,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108155,108156,108188],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108157,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108159,36006],{"class":72},[66,108161,77],{"class":76},[66,108163,10253],{"class":102},[66,108165,113],{"class":80},[66,108167,3832],{"class":84},[66,108169,113],{"class":80},[66,108171,121],{"class":102},[66,108173,81],{"class":80},[66,108175,627],{"class":84},[66,108177,113],{"class":80},[66,108179,121],{"class":102},[66,108181,81],{"class":80},[66,108183,3849],{"class":84},[66,108185,113],{"class":80},[66,108187,9070],{"class":102},[66,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108191,36058],{"class":72},[66,108193,103],{"class":102},[66,108195,26006],{"class":106},[66,108197,110],{"class":102},[66,108199,113],{"class":80},[66,108201,3832],{"class":84},[66,108203,113],{"class":80},[66,108205,131],{"class":102},[20,108207,39420,108208,108210],{},[15,108209,107864],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108212,108213,108214,2617,108218,103],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[200,108215,108216],{"href":97972},[15,108217,102631],{},[200,108219,108221],{"href":108220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108222,102622],{},[52,108224,108226],{"id":108225},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108228,108229],{},"Here is a simple example:",[57,108231,108233],{"className":59,"code":108232,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108234,108235,108269,108273,108289,108293,108312],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108236,108237,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108265,108267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108238,108239],{"class":72},"animals ",[66,108241,77],{"class":76},[66,108243,10253],{"class":102},[66,108245,113],{"class":80},[66,108247,462],{"class":84},[66,108249,113],{"class":80},[66,108251,121],{"class":102},[66,108253,81],{"class":80},[66,108255,471],{"class":84},[66,108257,113],{"class":80},[66,108259,121],{"class":102},[66,108261,81],{"class":80},[66,108263,108264],{"class":84},"rabbit",[66,108266,113],{"class":80},[66,108268,9070],{"class":102},[66,108270,108271],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108272,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,108274,108275,108278,108280,108283,108285,108287],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108276,108277],{"class":72},"removed_animal ",[66,108279,77],{"class":76},[66,108281,108282],{"class":72}," animals",[66,108284,103],{"class":102},[66,108286,26006],{"class":106},[66,108288,8402],{"class":102},[66,108290,108291],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,108292,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,108294,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108310],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,108296,138],{"class":137},[66,108298,110],{"class":102},[66,108300,113],{"class":80},[66,108302,28722],{"class":84},[66,108304,113],{"class":80},[66,108306,121],{"class":102},[66,108308,108309],{"class":106}," removed_animal",[66,108311,131],{"class":102},[66,108313,108314,108316,108318,108320,108323,108325,108327,108329],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,108315,138],{"class":137},[66,108317,110],{"class":102},[66,108319,113],{"class":80},[66,108321,108322],{"class":84},"Updated set:",[66,108324,113],{"class":80},[66,108326,121],{"class":102},[66,108328,108282],{"class":106},[66,108330,131],{"class":102},[20,108332,29796],{},[57,108334,108336],{"className":59,"code":108335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108337,108338,108347],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108339,108340,108342,108344],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108341,28764],{"class":72},[66,108343,1111],{"class":102},[66,108345,108346],{"class":72}," dog\n",[66,108348,108349,108352,108354,108356,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108350,108351],{"class":72},"Updated ",[66,108353,6039],{"class":2641},[66,108355,1111],{"class":102},[66,108357,10253],{"class":102},[66,108359,3044],{"class":80},[66,108361,462],{"class":84},[66,108363,3044],{"class":80},[66,108365,121],{"class":102},[66,108367,3039],{"class":80},[66,108369,108264],{"class":84},[66,108371,3044],{"class":80},[66,108373,9070],{"class":102},[20,108375,108376],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[52,108378,108380],{"id":108379},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108382,29416,108383,108385,108386,103],{},[15,108384,12525],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108387,19450],{},[20,108389,923],{},[57,108391,108393],{"className":59,"code":108392,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108394,108395,108405],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108396,108397,108399,108401,108403],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108398,7535],{"class":72},[66,108400,77],{"class":76},[66,108402,15395],{"class":2641},[66,108404,8402],{"class":102},[66,108406,108407,108409,108411,108413],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108408,7566],{"class":72},[66,108410,103],{"class":102},[66,108412,26006],{"class":106},[66,108414,8402],{"class":102},[20,108416,108417],{},"This raises:",[57,108419,108421],{"className":59,"code":108420,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108422,108423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108424,108425,108427,108429,108431,108434],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108426,19450],{"class":2641},[66,108428,1111],{"class":102},[66,108430,3039],{"class":80},[66,108432,108433],{"class":84},"pop from an empty set",[66,108435,29466],{"class":80},[20,108437,108438,108439,108442],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[200,108440,108441],{"href":10836},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[258,108444,108446,108447],{"id":108445},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108448,12525],{},[20,108450,108451],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[57,108453,108455],{"className":59,"code":108454,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108456,108457,108467,108471,108479,108494,108513,108519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108458,108459,108461,108463,108465],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108460,7535],{"class":72},[66,108462,77],{"class":76},[66,108464,15395],{"class":2641},[66,108466,8402],{"class":102},[66,108468,108469],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108470,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,108472,108473,108475,108477],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108474,6752],{"class":3627},[66,108476,5718],{"class":72},[66,108478,6146],{"class":102},[66,108480,108481,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,108482,108483],{"class":72},"    removed ",[66,108485,77],{"class":76},[66,108487,5718],{"class":72},[66,108489,103],{"class":102},[66,108491,26006],{"class":106},[66,108493,8402],{"class":102},[66,108495,108496,108498,108500,108502,108504,108506,108508,108511],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,108497,7826],{"class":137},[66,108499,110],{"class":102},[66,108501,113],{"class":80},[66,108503,28722],{"class":84},[66,108505,113],{"class":80},[66,108507,121],{"class":102},[66,108509,108510],{"class":106}," removed",[66,108512,131],{"class":102},[66,108514,108515,108517],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,108516,27199],{"class":3627},[66,108518,6146],{"class":102},[66,108520,108521,108523,108525,108527,108530,108532],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,108522,7826],{"class":137},[66,108524,110],{"class":102},[66,108526,113],{"class":80},[66,108528,108529],{"class":84},"The set is empty.",[66,108531,113],{"class":80},[66,108533,131],{"class":102},[258,108535,160,108537,798,108539],{"id":108536},"use-try-and-except",[15,108538,29570],{},[15,108540,29601],{},[20,108542,108543],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[57,108545,108547],{"className":59,"code":108546,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108548,108549,108559,108563,108569,108583,108601,108609],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108550,108551,108553,108555,108557],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108552,7535],{"class":72},[66,108554,77],{"class":76},[66,108556,15395],{"class":2641},[66,108558,8402],{"class":102},[66,108560,108561],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108562,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,108564,108565,108567],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108566,29570],{"class":3627},[66,108568,6146],{"class":102},[66,108570,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,108572,108483],{"class":72},[66,108574,77],{"class":76},[66,108576,5718],{"class":72},[66,108578,103],{"class":102},[66,108580,26006],{"class":106},[66,108582,8402],{"class":102},[66,108584,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,108586,7826],{"class":137},[66,108588,110],{"class":102},[66,108590,113],{"class":80},[66,108592,28722],{"class":84},[66,108594,113],{"class":80},[66,108596,121],{"class":102},[66,108598,108510],{"class":106},[66,108600,131],{"class":102},[66,108602,108603,108605,108607],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,108604,29601],{"class":3627},[66,108606,29604],{"class":2641},[66,108608,6146],{"class":102},[66,108610,108611,108613,108615,108617,108620,108622],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,108612,7826],{"class":137},[66,108614,110],{"class":102},[66,108616,113],{"class":80},[66,108618,108619],{"class":84},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[66,108621,113],{"class":80},[66,108623,131],{"class":102},[52,108625,4715,108627,10348,108629,10348,108631],{"id":108626},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108628,12525],{},[15,108630,55297],{},[15,108632,102617],{},[20,108634,108635],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[258,108637,160,108639],{"id":108638},"use-pop",[15,108640,12525],{},[20,108642,160,108643,10364],{},[15,108644,12525],{},[33,108646,108647,108653,108656],{},[36,108648,108649,108650],{},"You want to remove ",[398,108651,108652],{},"any one item",[36,108654,108655],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[36,108657,108658],{},"You want the removed item returned",[57,108660,108662],{"className":59,"code":108661,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108663,108664,108684,108698],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108665,108666,108668,108670,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108667,3365],{"class":72},[66,108669,77],{"class":76},[66,108671,10253],{"class":102},[66,108673,2729],{"class":478},[66,108675,121],{"class":102},[66,108677,561],{"class":478},[66,108679,121],{"class":102},[66,108681,2186],{"class":478},[66,108683,9070],{"class":102},[66,108685,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108687,2181],{"class":72},[66,108689,77],{"class":76},[66,108691,4016],{"class":72},[66,108693,103],{"class":102},[66,108695,26006],{"class":106},[66,108697,8402],{"class":102},[66,108699,108700,108702,108704,108706],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108701,138],{"class":137},[66,108703,110],{"class":102},[66,108705,2208],{"class":106},[66,108707,131],{"class":102},[258,108709,160,108711],{"id":108710},"use-remove",[15,108712,55297],{},[20,108714,160,108715,10364],{},[15,108716,55297],{},[33,108718,108719,108725],{},[36,108720,108721,108722],{},"You want to delete a ",[398,108723,108724],{},"specific item",[36,108726,108727],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[57,108729,108731],{"className":59,"code":108730,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108732,108733,108753,108767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108734,108735,108737,108739,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108736,3365],{"class":72},[66,108738,77],{"class":76},[66,108740,10253],{"class":102},[66,108742,2729],{"class":478},[66,108744,121],{"class":102},[66,108746,561],{"class":478},[66,108748,121],{"class":102},[66,108750,2186],{"class":478},[66,108752,9070],{"class":102},[66,108754,108755,108757,108759,108761,108763,108765],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108756,3397],{"class":72},[66,108758,103],{"class":102},[66,108760,34561],{"class":106},[66,108762,110],{"class":102},[66,108764,1788],{"class":478},[66,108766,131],{"class":102},[66,108768,108769,108771,108773,108775],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108770,138],{"class":137},[66,108772,110],{"class":102},[66,108774,3397],{"class":106},[66,108776,131],{"class":102},[20,108778,108779,108780,108782,108783,108787],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108781,55297],{}," raises an error. See the ",[200,108784,108785,774],{"href":97972},[15,108786,102631],{}," for details.",[258,108789,160,108791],{"id":108790},"use-discard",[15,108792,102617],{},[20,108794,160,108795,10364],{},[15,108796,102617],{},[33,108798,108799,108803],{},[36,108800,108721,108801],{},[398,108802,108724],{},[36,108804,108805,108806,108808],{},"You do ",[398,108807,4383],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[57,108810,108812],{"className":59,"code":108811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108813,108814,108834,108848],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108815,108816,108818,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108817,3365],{"class":72},[66,108819,77],{"class":76},[66,108821,10253],{"class":102},[66,108823,2729],{"class":478},[66,108825,121],{"class":102},[66,108827,561],{"class":478},[66,108829,121],{"class":102},[66,108831,2186],{"class":478},[66,108833,9070],{"class":102},[66,108835,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108837,3397],{"class":72},[66,108839,103],{"class":102},[66,108841,102684],{"class":106},[66,108843,110],{"class":102},[66,108845,1869],{"class":478},[66,108847,131],{"class":102},[66,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108851,138],{"class":137},[66,108853,110],{"class":102},[66,108855,3397],{"class":106},[66,108857,131],{"class":102},[20,108859,108860,108861,108863,108864,108868],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108862,1869],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[200,108865,108866,774],{"href":108220},[15,108867,102622],{}," for more examples.",[52,108870,2568],{"id":2567},[20,108872,71244,108873,1111],{},[15,108874,107864],{},[33,108876,108877,108883,108888,108893],{},[36,108878,108879,108880],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108881,108882],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[36,108884,1119,108885,108887],{},[15,108886,12525],{}," to remove the first or last item",[36,108889,29416,108890,108892],{},[15,108891,12525],{}," on an empty set",[36,108894,8176,108895,108897],{},[15,108896,12525],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108899,62059],{},[57,108901,108903],{"className":59,"code":108902,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108904,108905,108915,108929,108943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108906,108907,108909,108911,108913],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108908,138],{"class":137},[66,108910,110],{"class":102},[66,108912,15428],{"class":106},[66,108914,131],{"class":102},[66,108916,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925,108927],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,108918,138],{"class":137},[66,108920,110],{"class":102},[66,108922,10924],{"class":137},[66,108924,110],{"class":102},[66,108926,15428],{"class":106},[66,108928,1330],{"class":102},[66,108930,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,108932,138],{"class":137},[66,108934,110],{"class":102},[66,108936,2964],{"class":2641},[66,108938,110],{"class":102},[66,108940,15428],{"class":106},[66,108942,1330],{"class":102},[66,108944,108945,108947,108949,108951,108953,108955],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,108946,28304],{"class":72},[66,108948,77],{"class":76},[66,108950,96687],{"class":72},[66,108952,103],{"class":102},[66,108954,26006],{"class":106},[66,108956,8402],{"class":102},[20,108958,25774],{},[33,108960,108961,108964,108967,108970],{},[36,108962,108963],{},"What values are in the set",[36,108965,108966],{},"Whether the set is empty",[36,108968,108969],{},"That the object is really a set",[36,108971,108972],{},"What value was actually removed",[52,108974,1518],{"id":1517},[258,108976,1522,108978,108980],{"id":108977},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108979,107864],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108982,108983,108984,108986],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108985,12525],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[258,108988,108990,108991,2228],{"id":108989},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108992,107864],{},[20,108994,108995,108996,108998,108999,109001],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108997,12525],{},", set ",[15,109000,12525],{}," does not accept an index.",[258,109003,109005],{"id":109004},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109007,71413,109008,44396,109010,109012],{},[15,109009,19450],{},[15,109011,12525],{}," is called on an empty set.",[258,109014,109016],{"id":109015},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109018,160,109019,2617,109021,10854,109023,103],{},[15,109020,55297],{},[15,109022,102617],{},[15,109024,12525],{},[52,109026,1620],{"id":1619},[33,109028,109029,109033,109039,109045,109049],{},[36,109030,109031],{},[200,109032,96091],{"href":97262},[36,109034,109035],{},[200,109036,96577,109037,774],{"href":97972},[15,109038,55297],{},[36,109040,109041],{},[200,109042,96577,109043,774],{"href":108220},[15,109044,102617],{},[36,109046,109047],{},[200,109048,11025],{"href":10836},[36,109050,109051],{},[200,109052,55283],{"href":54835},[1651,109054,109055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":109057},[109058,109059,109061,109062,109063,109064,109070,109079,109080,109088],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":107984,"depth":91,"text":109060},"What set.pop() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":108122,"depth":91,"text":108123},{"id":108225,"depth":91,"text":108226},{"id":108379,"depth":91,"text":108380,"children":109065},[109066,109068],{"id":108445,"depth":134,"text":109067},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108536,"depth":134,"text":109069},"Use try and except",{"id":108626,"depth":91,"text":109071,"children":109072},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109073,109075,109077],{"id":108638,"depth":134,"text":109074},"Use pop()",{"id":108710,"depth":134,"text":109076},"Use remove()",{"id":108790,"depth":134,"text":109078},"Use discard()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":109081},[109082,109084,109086,109087],{"id":108977,"depth":134,"text":109083},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108989,"depth":134,"text":109085},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109004,"depth":134,"text":109005},{"id":109015,"depth":134,"text":109016},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107852,"description":109089},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109096,"title":109097,"body":109098,"description":110252,"extension":1694,"meta":110253,"navigation":338,"path":110254,"seo":110255,"stem":110256,"__hash__":110257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109099,"toc":110220},[109100,109105,109110,109119,109121,109186,109190,109214,109221,109226,109230,109245,109248,109250,109269,109283,109286,109334,109338,109354,109356,109429,109433,109458,109464,109472,109476,109483,109538,109543,109560,109566,109572,109577,109585,109592,109596,109604,109659,109661,109678,109682,109689,109754,109758,109791,109793,109805,109812,109814,109819,109826,109828,109897,109901,109909,109911,109975,109979,109984,110031,110036,110104,110112,110119,110122,110128,110133,110137,110139,110142,110144,110149,110154,110160,110165,110172,110180,110186,110189,110191,110217],[10,109101,95963,109103,18],{"id":109102},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109104,55297],{},[20,109106,109107,109109],{},[15,109108,102631],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109111,109112,109113,109116,109117,103],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[398,109114,109115],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109118,19450],{},[52,109120,55],{"id":54},[57,109122,109124],{"className":59,"code":109123,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109125,109126,109158,109176],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109127,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109129,12838],{"class":72},[66,109131,77],{"class":76},[66,109133,10253],{"class":102},[66,109135,113],{"class":80},[66,109137,1392],{"class":84},[66,109139,113],{"class":80},[66,109141,121],{"class":102},[66,109143,81],{"class":80},[66,109145,1401],{"class":84},[66,109147,113],{"class":80},[66,109149,121],{"class":102},[66,109151,81],{"class":80},[66,109153,17217],{"class":84},[66,109155,113],{"class":80},[66,109157,9070],{"class":102},[66,109159,109160,109162,109164,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109161,17264],{"class":72},[66,109163,103],{"class":102},[66,109165,34561],{"class":106},[66,109167,110],{"class":102},[66,109169,113],{"class":80},[66,109171,1401],{"class":84},[66,109173,113],{"class":80},[66,109175,131],{"class":102},[66,109177,109178,109180,109182,109184],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,109179,138],{"class":137},[66,109181,110],{"class":102},[66,109183,17264],{"class":106},[66,109185,131],{"class":102},[20,109187,109188],{},[398,109189,29796],{},[57,109191,109192],{"className":59,"code":103311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109193,109194],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109195,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109197,9039],{"class":102},[66,109199,3044],{"class":80},[66,109201,1392],{"class":84},[66,109203,3044],{"class":80},[66,109205,121],{"class":102},[66,109207,3039],{"class":80},[66,109209,17217],{"class":84},[66,109211,3044],{"class":80},[66,109213,9070],{"class":102},[20,109215,160,109216,109218,109219,103],{},[15,109217,55297],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109220,19450],{},[52,109222,168,109224,41],{"id":109223},"what-setremove-does",[15,109225,102631],{},[20,109227,109228,1111],{},[15,109229,102631],{},[33,109231,109232,109235,109237,109239],{},[36,109233,109234],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[36,109236,96078],{},[36,109238,96081],{},[36,109240,109241,109242,109244],{},"Raises ",[15,109243,19450],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109246,109247],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[52,109249,1891],{"id":1890},[57,109251,109253],{"className":59,"code":109252,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109254,109255],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109256,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109258,15428],{"class":72},[66,109260,103],{"class":102},[66,109262,34561],{"class":106},[66,109264,110],{"class":102},[66,109266,2208],{"class":106},[66,109268,131],{"class":102},[33,109270,109271,109275,109280],{},[36,109272,109273,102853],{},[15,109274,15428],{},[36,109276,109277,109279],{},[15,109278,2208],{}," is the item to remove",[36,109281,109282],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109284,109285],{},"Here is a small example:",[57,109287,109288],{"className":59,"code":108730,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109289,109290,109310,109324],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109291,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109293,3365],{"class":72},[66,109295,77],{"class":76},[66,109297,10253],{"class":102},[66,109299,2729],{"class":478},[66,109301,121],{"class":102},[66,109303,561],{"class":478},[66,109305,121],{"class":102},[66,109307,2186],{"class":478},[66,109309,9070],{"class":102},[66,109311,109312,109314,109316,109318,109320,109322],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109313,3397],{"class":72},[66,109315,103],{"class":102},[66,109317,34561],{"class":106},[66,109319,110],{"class":102},[66,109321,1788],{"class":478},[66,109323,131],{"class":102},[66,109325,109326,109328,109330,109332],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,109327,138],{"class":137},[66,109329,110],{"class":102},[66,109331,3397],{"class":106},[66,109333,131],{"class":102},[20,109335,109336],{},[398,109337,29796],{},[57,109339,109340],{"className":59,"code":101061,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109341,109342],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109343,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109345,9039],{"class":102},[66,109347,2729],{"class":478},[66,109349,121],{"class":102},[66,109351,2186],{"class":478},[66,109353,9070],{"class":102},[52,109355,11238],{"id":11237},[57,109357,109359],{"className":59,"code":109358,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109360,109361,109393,109397,109415,109419],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109362,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109364,36006],{"class":72},[66,109366,77],{"class":76},[66,109368,10253],{"class":102},[66,109370,113],{"class":80},[66,109372,3832],{"class":84},[66,109374,113],{"class":80},[66,109376,121],{"class":102},[66,109378,81],{"class":80},[66,109380,627],{"class":84},[66,109382,113],{"class":80},[66,109384,121],{"class":102},[66,109386,81],{"class":80},[66,109388,32989],{"class":84},[66,109390,113],{"class":80},[66,109392,9070],{"class":102},[66,109394,109395],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109396,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,109400,36058],{"class":72},[66,109402,103],{"class":102},[66,109404,34561],{"class":106},[66,109406,110],{"class":102},[66,109408,113],{"class":80},[66,109410,627],{"class":84},[66,109412,113],{"class":80},[66,109414,131],{"class":102},[66,109416,109417],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,109418,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,109420,109421,109423,109425,109427],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,109422,138],{"class":137},[66,109424,110],{"class":102},[66,109426,36058],{"class":106},[66,109428,131],{"class":102},[20,109430,109431],{},[398,109432,29796],{},[57,109434,109436],{"className":59,"code":109435,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109437,109438],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109439,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109441,9039],{"class":102},[66,109443,3044],{"class":80},[66,109445,3832],{"class":84},[66,109447,3044],{"class":80},[66,109449,121],{"class":102},[66,109451,3039],{"class":80},[66,109453,32989],{"class":84},[66,109455,3044],{"class":80},[66,109457,9070],{"class":102},[20,109459,109460,109461,109463],{},"This removes ",[15,109462,65038],{}," from the set.",[20,109465,109466,109467,109469,109470,103],{},"A set does ",[398,109468,4383],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[200,109471,96095],{"href":97646},[52,109473,109475],{"id":109474},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109477,109478,109479,52262,109481,103],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109480,55297],{},[15,109482,19450],{},[57,109484,109486],{"className":59,"code":109485,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109487,109488,109520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109489,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109491,12838],{"class":72},[66,109493,77],{"class":76},[66,109495,10253],{"class":102},[66,109497,113],{"class":80},[66,109499,1392],{"class":84},[66,109501,113],{"class":80},[66,109503,121],{"class":102},[66,109505,81],{"class":80},[66,109507,1401],{"class":84},[66,109509,113],{"class":80},[66,109511,121],{"class":102},[66,109513,81],{"class":80},[66,109515,17217],{"class":84},[66,109517,113],{"class":80},[66,109519,9070],{"class":102},[66,109521,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109523,17264],{"class":72},[66,109525,103],{"class":102},[66,109527,34561],{"class":106},[66,109529,110],{"class":102},[66,109531,113],{"class":80},[66,109533,22288],{"class":84},[66,109535,113],{"class":80},[66,109537,131],{"class":102},[20,109539,109540],{},[398,109541,109542],{},"Result:",[57,109544,109546],{"className":59,"code":109545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109547,109548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109549,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109551,19450],{"class":2641},[66,109553,1111],{"class":102},[66,109555,3039],{"class":80},[66,109557,22288],{"class":84},[66,109559,29466],{"class":80},[20,109561,21953,109562,109565],{},[15,109563,109564],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109567,109568,109569,109571],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109570,55297],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109573,109574,109575,103],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[200,109576,11025],{"href":10836},[52,109578,3951,109580,109582,109583],{"id":109579},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109581,55297],{}," is different from ",[15,109584,102617],{},[20,109586,109587,798,109589,109591],{},[15,109588,55297],{},[15,109590,102617],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[258,109593,109594],{"id":34561},[15,109595,55297],{},[33,109597,109598,109601],{},[36,109599,109600],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[36,109602,109603],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[57,109605,109607],{"className":59,"code":109606,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109608,109609,109641],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109610,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109612,35857],{"class":72},[66,109614,77],{"class":76},[66,109616,10253],{"class":102},[66,109618,113],{"class":80},[66,109620,200],{"class":84},[66,109622,113],{"class":80},[66,109624,121],{"class":102},[66,109626,81],{"class":80},[66,109628,4514],{"class":84},[66,109630,113],{"class":80},[66,109632,121],{"class":102},[66,109634,81],{"class":80},[66,109636,9501],{"class":84},[66,109638,113],{"class":80},[66,109640,9070],{"class":102},[66,109642,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109644,35910],{"class":72},[66,109646,103],{"class":102},[66,109648,34561],{"class":106},[66,109650,110],{"class":102},[66,109652,113],{"class":80},[66,109654,18530],{"class":84},[66,109656,113],{"class":80},[66,109658,131],{"class":102},[20,109660,108417],{},[57,109662,109664],{"className":59,"code":109663,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109665,109666],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109667,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109669,19450],{"class":2641},[66,109671,1111],{"class":102},[66,109673,3039],{"class":80},[66,109675,18530],{"class":84},[66,109677,29466],{"class":80},[258,109679,109680],{"id":102684},[15,109681,102617],{},[33,109683,109684,109686],{},[36,109685,109600],{},[36,109687,109688],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[57,109690,109692],{"className":59,"code":109691,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109693,109694,109726,109744],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109695,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109697,35857],{"class":72},[66,109699,77],{"class":76},[66,109701,10253],{"class":102},[66,109703,113],{"class":80},[66,109705,200],{"class":84},[66,109707,113],{"class":80},[66,109709,121],{"class":102},[66,109711,81],{"class":80},[66,109713,4514],{"class":84},[66,109715,113],{"class":80},[66,109717,121],{"class":102},[66,109719,81],{"class":80},[66,109721,9501],{"class":84},[66,109723,113],{"class":80},[66,109725,9070],{"class":102},[66,109727,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109729,35910],{"class":72},[66,109731,103],{"class":102},[66,109733,102684],{"class":106},[66,109735,110],{"class":102},[66,109737,113],{"class":80},[66,109739,18530],{"class":84},[66,109741,113],{"class":80},[66,109743,131],{"class":102},[66,109745,109746,109748,109750,109752],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,109747,138],{"class":137},[66,109749,110],{"class":102},[66,109751,35910],{"class":106},[66,109753,131],{"class":102},[20,109755,109756],{},[398,109757,148],{},[57,109759,109761],{"className":59,"code":109760,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109762,109763],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109764,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109766,9039],{"class":102},[66,109768,3044],{"class":80},[66,109770,200],{"class":84},[66,109772,3044],{"class":80},[66,109774,121],{"class":102},[66,109776,3039],{"class":80},[66,109778,4514],{"class":84},[66,109780,3044],{"class":80},[66,109782,121],{"class":102},[66,109784,3039],{"class":80},[66,109786,9501],{"class":84},[66,109788,3044],{"class":80},[66,109790,9070],{"class":102},[20,109792,18457],{},[33,109794,109795,109800],{},[36,109796,109797,109799],{},[15,109798,55297],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[36,109801,109802,109804],{},[15,109803,102617],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109806,109807,109808,103],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[200,109809,96577,109810,774],{"href":108220},[15,109811,102617],{},[52,109813,1105],{"id":1104},[258,109815,1119,109817,96957],{"id":109816},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109818,55297],{},[20,109820,109821,109823,109824,103],{},[15,109822,55297],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109825,3528],{},[20,109827,16406],{},[57,109829,109831],{"className":59,"code":109830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109832,109833,109865,109887],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109834,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109836,12838],{"class":72},[66,109838,77],{"class":76},[66,109840,10253],{"class":102},[66,109842,113],{"class":80},[66,109844,1392],{"class":84},[66,109846,113],{"class":80},[66,109848,121],{"class":102},[66,109850,81],{"class":80},[66,109852,1401],{"class":84},[66,109854,113],{"class":80},[66,109856,121],{"class":102},[66,109858,81],{"class":80},[66,109860,17217],{"class":84},[66,109862,113],{"class":80},[66,109864,9070],{"class":102},[66,109866,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109868,12879],{"class":72},[66,109870,77],{"class":76},[66,109872,12884],{"class":72},[66,109874,103],{"class":102},[66,109876,34561],{"class":106},[66,109878,110],{"class":102},[66,109880,113],{"class":80},[66,109882,1401],{"class":84},[66,109884,113],{"class":80},[66,109886,131],{"class":102},[66,109888,109889,109891,109893,109895],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,109890,138],{"class":137},[66,109892,110],{"class":102},[66,109894,12903],{"class":106},[66,109896,131],{"class":102},[20,109898,109899],{},[398,109900,148],{},[57,109902,109903],{"className":59,"code":11570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109904,109905],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109906,109907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109908,11570],{"class":3602},[20,109910,16418],{},[57,109912,109913],{"className":59,"code":109123,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109914,109915,109947,109965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109916,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109918,12838],{"class":72},[66,109920,77],{"class":76},[66,109922,10253],{"class":102},[66,109924,113],{"class":80},[66,109926,1392],{"class":84},[66,109928,113],{"class":80},[66,109930,121],{"class":102},[66,109932,81],{"class":80},[66,109934,1401],{"class":84},[66,109936,113],{"class":80},[66,109938,121],{"class":102},[66,109940,81],{"class":80},[66,109942,17217],{"class":84},[66,109944,113],{"class":80},[66,109946,9070],{"class":102},[66,109948,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,109950,17264],{"class":72},[66,109952,103],{"class":102},[66,109954,34561],{"class":106},[66,109956,110],{"class":102},[66,109958,113],{"class":80},[66,109960,1401],{"class":84},[66,109962,113],{"class":80},[66,109964,131],{"class":102},[66,109966,109967,109969,109971,109973],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,109968,138],{"class":137},[66,109970,110],{"class":102},[66,109972,17264],{"class":106},[66,109974,131],{"class":102},[258,109976,109978],{"id":109977},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109980,109981,109982,103],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109983,19450],{},[57,109985,109987],{"className":59,"code":109986,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109988,109989,110013],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109990,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109992,12838],{"class":72},[66,109994,77],{"class":76},[66,109996,10253],{"class":102},[66,109998,113],{"class":80},[66,110000,1392],{"class":84},[66,110002,113],{"class":80},[66,110004,121],{"class":102},[66,110006,81],{"class":80},[66,110008,1401],{"class":84},[66,110010,113],{"class":80},[66,110012,9070],{"class":102},[66,110014,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,110016,17264],{"class":72},[66,110018,103],{"class":102},[66,110020,34561],{"class":106},[66,110022,110],{"class":102},[66,110024,113],{"class":80},[66,110026,17217],{"class":84},[66,110028,113],{"class":80},[66,110030,131],{"class":102},[20,110032,110033,110034,1111],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110035,3634],{},[57,110037,110039],{"className":59,"code":110038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110040,110041,110065,110069,110085],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110042,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110044,12838],{"class":72},[66,110046,77],{"class":76},[66,110048,10253],{"class":102},[66,110050,113],{"class":80},[66,110052,1392],{"class":84},[66,110054,113],{"class":80},[66,110056,121],{"class":102},[66,110058,81],{"class":80},[66,110060,1401],{"class":84},[66,110062,113],{"class":80},[66,110064,9070],{"class":102},[66,110066,110067],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,110068,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,110070,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,110072,6752],{"class":3627},[66,110074,81],{"class":80},[66,110076,17217],{"class":84},[66,110078,113],{"class":80},[66,110080,20937],{"class":76},[66,110082,12884],{"class":72},[66,110084,6146],{"class":102},[66,110086,110087,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,110088,110089],{"class":72},"    colors",[66,110091,103],{"class":102},[66,110093,34561],{"class":106},[66,110095,110],{"class":102},[66,110097,113],{"class":80},[66,110099,17217],{"class":84},[66,110101,113],{"class":80},[66,110103,131],{"class":102},[20,110105,110106,110107,110111],{},"Or use ",[200,110108,110109],{"href":108220},[15,110110,102617],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[258,110113,1128,110115,8464,110117],{"id":110114},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110116,102631],{},[15,110118,54843],{},[20,110120,110121],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110123,110124,110125,110127],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110126,102631],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110129,110130,110131,103],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[200,110132,98841],{"href":98840},[258,110134,110136],{"id":110135},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110138,108126],{},[20,110140,110141],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[52,110143,1518],{"id":1517},[258,110145,1522,110147,97056],{"id":110146},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110148,102631],{},[20,110150,110151,110152,103],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110153,3528],{},[258,110155,30054,110157,110159],{"id":110156},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110158,102631],{}," raise?",[20,110161,30060,110162,110164],{},[15,110163,19450],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[258,110166,21184,110168,2617,110170,2228],{"id":110167},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110169,55297],{},[15,110171,102617],{},[20,110173,160,110174,110176,110177,110179],{},[15,110175,55297],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110178,102617],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[258,110181,1573,110183,110185],{"id":110182},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110184,102631],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110187,110188],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[52,110190,1620],{"id":1619},[33,110192,110193,110199,110205,110209,110213],{},[36,110194,110195],{},[200,110196,96577,110197,774],{"href":108220},[15,110198,102617],{},[36,110200,110201],{},[200,110202,96577,110203,774],{"href":97977},[15,110204,12525],{},[36,110206,110207],{},[200,110208,97101],{"href":97646},[36,110210,110211],{},[200,110212,100107],{"href":98840},[36,110214,110215],{},[200,110216,11025],{"href":10836},[1651,110218,110219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":110221},[110222,110223,110225,110226,110227,110228,110233,110241,110251],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":109223,"depth":91,"text":110224},"What set.remove() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":109474,"depth":91,"text":109475},{"id":109579,"depth":91,"text":110229,"children":110230},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110231,110232],{"id":34561,"depth":134,"text":55297},{"id":102684,"depth":134,"text":102617},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":110234},[110235,110237,110238,110240],{"id":109816,"depth":134,"text":110236},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109977,"depth":134,"text":109978},{"id":110114,"depth":134,"text":110239},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110135,"depth":134,"text":110136},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":110242},[110243,110245,110247,110249],{"id":110146,"depth":134,"text":110244},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110156,"depth":134,"text":110246},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110167,"depth":134,"text":110248},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110182,"depth":134,"text":110250},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109097,"description":110252},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110259,"title":110260,"body":110261,"description":111634,"extension":1694,"meta":111635,"navigation":338,"path":111636,"seo":111637,"stem":111638,"__hash__":111639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110262,"toc":111609},[110263,110269,110275,110278,110281,110295,110297,110378,110381,110386,110390,110404,110411,110413,110432,110435,110453,110455,110535,110537,110562,110566,110569,110577,110582,110587,110589,110602,110607,110610,110634,110637,110645,110647,110650,110747,110749,110782,110784,110810,110817,110820,110824,110832,110836,110844,110846,110936,110938,110952,110959,110964,110969,110971,111062,111064,111076,111078,111092,111098,111106,111108,111190,111192,111237,111240,111248,111251,111253,111257,111300,111302,111322,111327,111329,111414,111416,111421,111423,111430,111438,111444,111447,111449,111535,111537,111561,111565,111568,111570,111597,111607],[10,110264,95963,110266,18],{"id":110265},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110267,110268],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110270,110271,110274],{},[15,110272,110273],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110276,110277],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110279,110280],{},"Use it when:",[33,110282,110283,110286,110292],{},[36,110284,110285],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[36,110287,110288,110289,110291],{},"you do ",[398,110290,4383],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[36,110293,110294],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[52,110296,3355],{"id":3354},[57,110298,110300],{"className":59,"code":110299,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110301,110302,110322,110342,110346,110365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110303,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110305,2291],{"class":72},[66,110307,77],{"class":76},[66,110309,10253],{"class":102},[66,110311,2729],{"class":478},[66,110313,121],{"class":102},[66,110315,561],{"class":478},[66,110317,121],{"class":102},[66,110319,2186],{"class":478},[66,110321,9070],{"class":102},[66,110323,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,110325,2319],{"class":72},[66,110327,77],{"class":76},[66,110329,10253],{"class":102},[66,110331,1794],{"class":478},[66,110333,121],{"class":102},[66,110335,2192],{"class":478},[66,110337,121],{"class":102},[66,110339,4357],{"class":478},[66,110341,9070],{"class":102},[66,110343,110344],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,110345,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,110347,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356,110359,110361,110363],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,110349,447],{"class":72},[66,110351,77],{"class":76},[66,110353,56656],{"class":72},[66,110355,103],{"class":102},[66,110357,110358],{"class":106},"symmetric_difference",[66,110360,110],{"class":102},[66,110362,4514],{"class":106},[66,110364,131],{"class":102},[66,110366,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,110368,138],{"class":137},[66,110370,110],{"class":102},[66,110372,494],{"class":106},[66,110374,3410],{"class":102},[66,110376,110377],{"class":3413},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110379,110380],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[52,110382,168,110384,41],{"id":110383},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110385,110268],{},[20,110387,110388,1111],{},[15,110389,110273],{},[33,110391,110392,110395,110398,110401],{},[36,110393,110394],{},"returns a new set",[36,110396,110397],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[36,110399,110400],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[36,110402,110403],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110405,96087,110406,2617,110408,103],{},[200,110407,96091],{"href":96090},[200,110409,110410],{"href":96094},"creating a set in Python",[52,110412,1891],{"id":1890},[57,110414,110416],{"className":59,"code":110415,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110417,110418],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110419,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110421,100348],{"class":72},[66,110423,103],{"class":102},[66,110425,110358],{"class":106},[66,110427,110],{"class":102},[66,110429,100357],{"class":106},[66,110431,131],{"class":102},[20,110433,110434],{},"Notes:",[33,110436,110437,110442,110447,110450],{},[36,110438,110439,110441],{},[15,110440,100348],{}," must be a set",[36,110443,110444,110446],{},[15,110445,100357],{}," can be any iterable",[36,110448,110449],{},"the result is always a set",[36,110451,110452],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110454,923],{},[57,110456,110458],{"className":59,"code":110457,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110459,110460,110481,110502,110506,110525],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110461,110462,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110463,110464],{"class":72},"set1 ",[66,110466,77],{"class":76},[66,110468,10253],{"class":102},[66,110470,2729],{"class":478},[66,110472,121],{"class":102},[66,110474,561],{"class":478},[66,110476,121],{"class":102},[66,110478,2186],{"class":478},[66,110480,9070],{"class":102},[66,110482,110483,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,110484,110485],{"class":72},"set2 ",[66,110487,77],{"class":76},[66,110489,10253],{"class":102},[66,110491,1794],{"class":478},[66,110493,121],{"class":102},[66,110495,2192],{"class":478},[66,110497,121],{"class":102},[66,110499,4357],{"class":478},[66,110501,9070],{"class":102},[66,110503,110504],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,110505,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,110507,110508,110510,110512,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,110509,447],{"class":72},[66,110511,77],{"class":76},[66,110513,110514],{"class":72}," set1",[66,110516,103],{"class":102},[66,110518,110358],{"class":106},[66,110520,110],{"class":102},[66,110522,100357],{"class":106},[66,110524,131],{"class":102},[66,110526,110527,110529,110531,110533],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,110528,138],{"class":137},[66,110530,110],{"class":102},[66,110532,494],{"class":106},[66,110534,131],{"class":102},[20,110536,148],{},[57,110538,110540],{"className":59,"code":110539,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110541,110542],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110543,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110545,9039],{"class":102},[66,110547,2729],{"class":478},[66,110549,121],{"class":102},[66,110551,561],{"class":478},[66,110553,121],{"class":102},[66,110555,2192],{"class":478},[66,110557,121],{"class":102},[66,110559,4357],{"class":478},[66,110561,9070],{"class":102},[52,110563,110565],{"id":110564},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110567,110568],{},"The result includes:",[33,110570,110571,110574],{},[36,110572,110573],{},"items only in the first set",[36,110575,110576],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110578,110579,110580,10845],{},"The result does ",[398,110581,4383],{},[33,110583,110584],{},[36,110585,110586],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110588,5226],{},[33,110590,110591,110596],{},[36,110592,110593,110594],{},"first set: ",[15,110595,100045],{},[36,110597,110598,110599],{},"second set: ",[15,110600,110601],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110603,3802,110604,110606],{},[15,110605,1794],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110608,110609],{},"The output is:",[57,110611,110612],{"className":59,"code":110539,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,110613,110614],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110615,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110617,9039],{"class":102},[66,110619,2729],{"class":478},[66,110621,121],{"class":102},[66,110623,561],{"class":478},[66,110625,121],{"class":102},[66,110627,2192],{"class":478},[66,110629,121],{"class":102},[66,110631,4357],{"class":478},[66,110633,9070],{"class":102},[20,110635,110636],{},"Also remember:",[33,110638,110639,110642],{},[36,110640,110641],{},"sets are unordered",[36,110643,110644],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[52,110646,11238],{"id":11237},[20,110648,110649],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[57,110651,110653],{"className":59,"code":110652,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110654,110655,110687,110711,110715,110733,110737],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110656,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110658,106788],{"class":72},[66,110660,77],{"class":76},[66,110662,10253],{"class":102},[66,110664,113],{"class":80},[66,110666,1392],{"class":84},[66,110668,113],{"class":80},[66,110670,121],{"class":102},[66,110672,81],{"class":80},[66,110674,1401],{"class":84},[66,110676,113],{"class":80},[66,110678,121],{"class":102},[66,110680,81],{"class":80},[66,110682,17217],{"class":84},[66,110684,113],{"class":80},[66,110686,9070],{"class":102},[66,110688,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,110690,106821],{"class":72},[66,110692,77],{"class":76},[66,110694,10253],{"class":102},[66,110696,113],{"class":80},[66,110698,17217],{"class":84},[66,110700,113],{"class":80},[66,110702,121],{"class":102},[66,110704,81],{"class":80},[66,110706,22288],{"class":84},[66,110708,113],{"class":80},[66,110710,9070],{"class":102},[66,110712,110713],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,110714,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,110716,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,110718,447],{"class":72},[66,110720,77],{"class":76},[66,110722,106863],{"class":72},[66,110724,103],{"class":102},[66,110726,110358],{"class":106},[66,110728,110],{"class":102},[66,110730,106872],{"class":106},[66,110732,131],{"class":102},[66,110734,110735],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,110736,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,110738,110739,110741,110743,110745],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,110740,138],{"class":137},[66,110742,110],{"class":102},[66,110744,494],{"class":106},[66,110746,131],{"class":102},[20,110748,148],{},[57,110750,110752],{"className":59,"code":110751,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110753,110754],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110755,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110757,9039],{"class":102},[66,110759,3044],{"class":80},[66,110761,1392],{"class":84},[66,110763,3044],{"class":80},[66,110765,121],{"class":102},[66,110767,3039],{"class":80},[66,110769,1401],{"class":84},[66,110771,3044],{"class":80},[66,110773,121],{"class":102},[66,110775,3039],{"class":80},[66,110777,22288],{"class":84},[66,110779,3044],{"class":80},[66,110781,9070],{"class":102},[20,110783,13170],{},[33,110785,110786,110791,110802],{},[36,110787,110788,110790],{},[15,110789,96256],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[36,110792,110793,798,110795,110798,110799,110801],{},[15,110794,65156],{},[15,110796,110797],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110800,106925],{},", so they stay",[36,110803,110804,110806,110807,110809],{},[15,110805,109564],{}," is only in ",[15,110808,106872],{},", so it stays",[52,110811,110813,10348,110815],{"id":110812},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110814,110268],{},[15,110816,100177],{},[20,110818,110819],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110821,110822,1111],{},[15,110823,100177],{},[33,110825,110826,110829],{},[36,110827,110828],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[36,110830,110831],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110833,110834,1111],{},[15,110835,110268],{},[33,110837,110838,110841],{},[36,110839,110840],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[36,110842,110843],{},"removes shared items",[20,110845,923],{},[57,110847,110849],{"className":59,"code":110848,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110850,110851,110871,110891,110895,110916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110852,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110854,2291],{"class":72},[66,110856,77],{"class":76},[66,110858,10253],{"class":102},[66,110860,2729],{"class":478},[66,110862,121],{"class":102},[66,110864,561],{"class":478},[66,110866,121],{"class":102},[66,110868,2186],{"class":478},[66,110870,9070],{"class":102},[66,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,110874,2319],{"class":72},[66,110876,77],{"class":76},[66,110878,10253],{"class":102},[66,110880,1794],{"class":478},[66,110882,121],{"class":102},[66,110884,2192],{"class":478},[66,110886,121],{"class":102},[66,110888,4357],{"class":478},[66,110890,9070],{"class":102},[66,110892,110893],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,110894,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,110896,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,110898,138],{"class":137},[66,110900,110],{"class":102},[66,110902,200],{"class":106},[66,110904,103],{"class":102},[66,110906,2549],{"class":106},[66,110908,110],{"class":102},[66,110910,4514],{"class":106},[66,110912,5117],{"class":102},[66,110914,110915],{"class":3413},"            # {1, 2}\n",[66,110917,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,110919,138],{"class":137},[66,110921,110],{"class":102},[66,110923,200],{"class":106},[66,110925,103],{"class":102},[66,110927,110358],{"class":106},[66,110929,110],{"class":102},[66,110931,4514],{"class":106},[66,110933,5117],{"class":102},[66,110935,110377],{"class":3413},[20,110937,18457],{},[33,110939,110940,110947],{},[36,110941,110942,110946],{},[200,110943,110944],{"href":102603},[15,110945,100177],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[36,110948,110949,110951],{},[15,110950,110268],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[52,110953,110955,10348,110957],{"id":110954},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110956,110268],{},[15,110958,102562],{},[20,110960,110961,110963],{},[15,110962,102562],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110965,110966,110968],{},[15,110967,110268],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110970,923],{},[57,110972,110974],{"className":59,"code":110973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110975,110976,110996,111016,111020,111042],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110977,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110979,2291],{"class":72},[66,110981,77],{"class":76},[66,110983,10253],{"class":102},[66,110985,2729],{"class":478},[66,110987,121],{"class":102},[66,110989,561],{"class":478},[66,110991,121],{"class":102},[66,110993,2186],{"class":478},[66,110995,9070],{"class":102},[66,110997,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,110999,2319],{"class":72},[66,111001,77],{"class":76},[66,111003,10253],{"class":102},[66,111005,1794],{"class":478},[66,111007,121],{"class":102},[66,111009,2192],{"class":478},[66,111011,121],{"class":102},[66,111013,4357],{"class":478},[66,111015,9070],{"class":102},[66,111017,111018],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,111019,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,111021,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111033,111035,111037,111039],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,111023,138],{"class":137},[66,111025,110],{"class":102},[66,111027,200],{"class":106},[66,111029,103],{"class":102},[66,111031,111032],{"class":106},"union",[66,111034,110],{"class":102},[66,111036,4514],{"class":106},[66,111038,5117],{"class":102},[66,111040,111041],{"class":3413},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[66,111043,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,111045,138],{"class":137},[66,111047,110],{"class":102},[66,111049,200],{"class":106},[66,111051,103],{"class":102},[66,111053,110358],{"class":106},[66,111055,110],{"class":102},[66,111057,4514],{"class":106},[66,111059,5117],{"class":102},[66,111061,110377],{"class":3413},[20,111063,26986],{},[33,111065,111066,111071],{},[36,111067,111068,111070],{},[15,111069,102562],{}," includes everything",[36,111072,111073,111075],{},[15,111074,110268],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111077,18457],{},[33,111079,111080,111087],{},[36,111081,111082,111086],{},[200,111083,111084],{"href":107493},[15,111085,102562],{}," when overlap does not matter",[36,111088,111089,111091],{},[15,111090,110268],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[52,111093,36380,111095,101361],{"id":111094},"using-the-operator",[15,111096,111097],{},"^",[20,111099,111100,111101,111103,111104,103],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111102,111097],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111105,110268],{},[20,111107,923],{},[57,111109,111111],{"className":59,"code":111110,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111112,111113,111133,111153,111157,111175],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111114,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111116,110464],{"class":72},[66,111118,77],{"class":76},[66,111120,10253],{"class":102},[66,111122,2729],{"class":478},[66,111124,121],{"class":102},[66,111126,561],{"class":478},[66,111128,121],{"class":102},[66,111130,2186],{"class":478},[66,111132,9070],{"class":102},[66,111134,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,111136,110485],{"class":72},[66,111138,77],{"class":76},[66,111140,10253],{"class":102},[66,111142,1794],{"class":478},[66,111144,121],{"class":102},[66,111146,2192],{"class":478},[66,111148,121],{"class":102},[66,111150,4357],{"class":478},[66,111152,9070],{"class":102},[66,111154,111155],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,111156,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,111158,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,111160,138],{"class":137},[66,111162,110],{"class":102},[66,111164,100348],{"class":106},[66,111166,103],{"class":102},[66,111168,110358],{"class":106},[66,111170,110],{"class":102},[66,111172,100357],{"class":106},[66,111174,1330],{"class":102},[66,111176,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111188],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,111178,138],{"class":137},[66,111180,110],{"class":102},[66,111182,110464],{"class":106},[66,111184,111097],{"class":76},[66,111186,111187],{"class":106}," set2",[66,111189,131],{"class":102},[20,111191,29796],{},[57,111193,111195],{"className":59,"code":111194,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111196,111197,111217],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111198,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111200,9039],{"class":102},[66,111202,2729],{"class":478},[66,111204,121],{"class":102},[66,111206,561],{"class":478},[66,111208,121],{"class":102},[66,111210,2192],{"class":478},[66,111212,121],{"class":102},[66,111214,4357],{"class":478},[66,111216,9070],{"class":102},[66,111218,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,111220,9039],{"class":102},[66,111222,2729],{"class":478},[66,111224,121],{"class":102},[66,111226,561],{"class":478},[66,111228,121],{"class":102},[66,111230,2192],{"class":478},[66,111232,121],{"class":102},[66,111234,4357],{"class":478},[66,111236,9070],{"class":102},[20,111238,111239],{},"Both forms:",[33,111241,111242,111245],{},[36,111243,111244],{},"return a new set",[36,111246,111247],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111249,111250],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[52,111252,1105],{"id":1104},[20,111254,20975,111255,1111],{},[15,111256,110268],{},[33,111258,111259,111267,111277,111292],{},[36,111260,111261,111264,111266],{},[398,111262,111263],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9608,111265],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[36,111268,111269,111272,111274,111276],{},[398,111270,111271],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9608,111273],{},[15,111275,110268],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[36,111278,111279,111284,111286,111288,111289,111291],{},[398,111280,111281,111282],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111283,100177],{},[9608,111285],{},[15,111287,100177],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111290,110268],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[36,111293,111294,111297,111299],{},[398,111295,111296],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9608,111298],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111301,58630],{},[33,111303,111304,111313,111316,111319],{},[36,111305,50259,111306,44396,111308,111312],{},[15,111307,110268],{},[200,111309,111310],{"href":107493},[15,111311,102562],{}," is actually needed",[36,111314,111315],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[36,111317,111318],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[36,111320,111321],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111323,111324,111325,103],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[200,111326,98841],{"href":105106},[20,111328,62059],{},[57,111330,111332],{"className":59,"code":111331,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111333,111334,111344,111354,111372,111386,111400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111335,111336,111338,111340,111342],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111337,138],{"class":137},[66,111339,110],{"class":102},[66,111341,100348],{"class":106},[66,111343,131],{"class":102},[66,111345,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,111347,138],{"class":137},[66,111349,110],{"class":102},[66,111351,100357],{"class":106},[66,111353,131],{"class":102},[66,111355,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,111357,138],{"class":137},[66,111359,110],{"class":102},[66,111361,100348],{"class":106},[66,111363,103],{"class":102},[66,111365,110358],{"class":106},[66,111367,110],{"class":102},[66,111369,100357],{"class":106},[66,111371,1330],{"class":102},[66,111373,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,111375,138],{"class":137},[66,111377,110],{"class":102},[66,111379,110464],{"class":106},[66,111381,111097],{"class":76},[66,111383,111187],{"class":106},[66,111385,131],{"class":102},[66,111387,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,111389,138],{"class":137},[66,111391,110],{"class":102},[66,111393,2964],{"class":2641},[66,111395,110],{"class":102},[66,111397,100348],{"class":106},[66,111399,1330],{"class":102},[66,111401,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,111403,138],{"class":137},[66,111405,110],{"class":102},[66,111407,2964],{"class":2641},[66,111409,110],{"class":102},[66,111411,100357],{"class":106},[66,111413,1330],{"class":102},[52,111415,1518],{"id":1517},[258,111417,1522,111419,102502],{"id":111418},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111420,110268],{},[20,111422,102505],{},[258,111424,4934,111426,798,111428,2228],{"id":111425},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111427,110268],{},[15,111429,100177],{},[20,111431,111432,111434,111435,111437],{},[15,111433,100177],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111436,110268],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[258,111439,28094,111441,111443],{"id":111440},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111442,110268],{}," with lists?",[20,111445,111446],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111448,923],{},[57,111450,111452],{"className":59,"code":111451,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111453,111454,111474,111494,111498,111525],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111455,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111457,80422],{"class":72},[66,111459,77],{"class":76},[66,111461,3370],{"class":102},[66,111463,2729],{"class":478},[66,111465,121],{"class":102},[66,111467,561],{"class":478},[66,111469,121],{"class":102},[66,111471,2186],{"class":478},[66,111473,3383],{"class":102},[66,111475,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,111477,80443],{"class":72},[66,111479,77],{"class":76},[66,111481,3370],{"class":102},[66,111483,1794],{"class":478},[66,111485,121],{"class":102},[66,111487,2192],{"class":478},[66,111489,121],{"class":102},[66,111491,4357],{"class":478},[66,111493,3383],{"class":102},[66,111495,111496],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,111497,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,111499,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,111501,447],{"class":72},[66,111503,77],{"class":76},[66,111505,15395],{"class":2641},[66,111507,110],{"class":102},[66,111509,111510],{"class":106},"list1",[66,111512,8390],{"class":102},[66,111514,110358],{"class":106},[66,111516,110],{"class":102},[66,111518,6039],{"class":2641},[66,111520,110],{"class":102},[66,111522,80709],{"class":106},[66,111524,1330],{"class":102},[66,111526,111527,111529,111531,111533],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,111528,138],{"class":137},[66,111530,110],{"class":102},[66,111532,494],{"class":106},[66,111534,131],{"class":102},[20,111536,148],{},[57,111538,111539],{"className":59,"code":110539,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,111540,111541],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111542,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111544,9039],{"class":102},[66,111546,2729],{"class":478},[66,111548,121],{"class":102},[66,111550,561],{"class":478},[66,111552,121],{"class":102},[66,111554,2192],{"class":478},[66,111556,121],{"class":102},[66,111558,4357],{"class":478},[66,111560,9070],{"class":102},[258,111562,111564],{"id":111563},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111566,111567],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[52,111569,1620],{"id":1619},[33,111571,111572,111576,111581,111587,111593],{},[36,111573,111574],{},[200,111575,96091],{"href":96090},[36,111577,111578],{},[200,111579,111580],{"href":96094},"Creating a set in Python",[36,111582,111583],{},[200,111584,96577,111585,774],{"href":102603},[15,111586,100177],{},[36,111588,111589],{},[200,111590,96577,111591,774],{"href":107493},[15,111592,102562],{},[36,111594,111595],{},[200,111596,100107],{"href":105106},[20,111598,111599,111600,1923,111602,16835,111604,111606],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111601,100177],{},[15,111603,102562],{},[15,111605,110268],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1651,111608,57010],{},{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":111610},[111611,111612,111614,111615,111616,111617,111619,111621,111623,111624,111633],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":110383,"depth":91,"text":111613},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":110564,"depth":91,"text":110565},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":110812,"depth":91,"text":111618},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110954,"depth":91,"text":111620},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111094,"depth":91,"text":111622},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":111625},[111626,111628,111630,111632],{"id":111418,"depth":134,"text":111627},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111425,"depth":134,"text":111629},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111440,"depth":134,"text":111631},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111563,"depth":134,"text":111564},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110260,"description":111634},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111641,"title":111642,"body":111643,"description":113705,"extension":1694,"meta":113706,"navigation":338,"path":107493,"seo":113707,"stem":113708,"__hash__":113709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111644,"toc":113664},[111645,111650,111655,111658,111671,111673,111755,111760,111765,111769,111781,111784,111788,111790,111817,111819,111830,111833,111902,111904,111910,111913,111923,111925,112014,112019,112021,112028,112031,112033,112036,112156,112158,112227,112230,112247,112252,112255,112371,112373,112402,112405,112411,112416,112420,112501,112503,112531,112536,112540,112635,112637,112678,112682,112685,112752,112754,112795,112800,112815,112822,112829,112833,112839,112925,112929,112937,113008,113013,113020,113022,113028,113030,113095,113097,113113,113118,113121,113190,113194,113197,113256,113259,113263,113316,113329,113332,113385,113389,113391,113422,113425,113430,113483,113487,113490,113511,113523,113525,113578,113580,113585,113587,113593,113596,113602,113607,113611,113614,113622,113631,113633,113661],[10,111646,3321,111648,18],{"id":111647},"python-setunion-method",[15,111649,107806],{},[20,111651,111652,111654],{},[15,111653,107806],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111656,111657],{},"It is useful when you want:",[33,111659,111660,111663,111668],{},[36,111661,111662],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[36,111664,2291,111665,111667],{},[398,111666,100532],{}," as the result",[36,111669,111670],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[52,111672,55],{"id":54},[57,111674,111676],{"className":59,"code":111675,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111677,111678,111698,111718,111722,111740,111750],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111679,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111681,110464],{"class":72},[66,111683,77],{"class":76},[66,111685,10253],{"class":102},[66,111687,2729],{"class":478},[66,111689,121],{"class":102},[66,111691,561],{"class":478},[66,111693,121],{"class":102},[66,111695,2186],{"class":478},[66,111697,9070],{"class":102},[66,111699,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,111701,110485],{"class":72},[66,111703,77],{"class":76},[66,111705,10253],{"class":102},[66,111707,1794],{"class":478},[66,111709,121],{"class":102},[66,111711,2192],{"class":478},[66,111713,121],{"class":102},[66,111715,4357],{"class":478},[66,111717,9070],{"class":102},[66,111719,111720],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,111721,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,111723,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,111725,447],{"class":72},[66,111727,77],{"class":76},[66,111729,110514],{"class":72},[66,111731,103],{"class":102},[66,111733,111032],{"class":106},[66,111735,110],{"class":102},[66,111737,100357],{"class":106},[66,111739,131],{"class":102},[66,111741,111742,111744,111746,111748],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,111743,138],{"class":137},[66,111745,110],{"class":102},[66,111747,494],{"class":106},[66,111749,131],{"class":102},[66,111751,111752],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,111753,111754],{"class":3413},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111756,111757,111759],{},[15,111758,102562],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[52,111761,168,111763,41],{"id":111762},"what-setunion-does",[15,111764,107806],{},[20,111766,111767,1111],{},[15,111768,107806],{},[33,111770,111771,111774,111777,111779],{},[36,111772,111773],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[36,111775,111776],{},"keeps only unique values",[36,111778,110394],{},[36,111780,110403],{},[20,111782,111783],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111785,96087,111786,103],{},[200,111787,96091],{"href":97262},[52,111789,1891],{"id":1890},[57,111791,111793],{"className":59,"code":111792,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111794,111795],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111796,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111798,100348],{"class":72},[66,111800,103],{"class":102},[66,111802,111032],{"class":106},[66,111804,110],{"class":102},[66,111806,100357],{"class":106},[66,111808,121],{"class":102},[66,111810,100384],{"class":106},[66,111812,121],{"class":102},[66,111814,34222],{"class":137},[66,111816,131],{"class":102},[20,111818,178],{},[33,111820,111821,111824,111827],{},[36,111822,111823],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[36,111825,111826],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[36,111828,111829],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111831,111832],{},"Example with two sets:",[57,111834,111836],{"className":59,"code":111835,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111837,111838,111854,111870,111874,111892],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111841,2291],{"class":72},[66,111843,77],{"class":76},[66,111845,10253],{"class":102},[66,111847,2729],{"class":478},[66,111849,121],{"class":102},[66,111851,561],{"class":478},[66,111853,9070],{"class":102},[66,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,111857,2319],{"class":72},[66,111859,77],{"class":76},[66,111861,10253],{"class":102},[66,111863,1788],{"class":478},[66,111865,121],{"class":102},[66,111867,2186],{"class":478},[66,111869,9070],{"class":102},[66,111871,111872],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,111873,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,111875,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,111877,447],{"class":72},[66,111879,77],{"class":76},[66,111881,56656],{"class":72},[66,111883,103],{"class":102},[66,111885,111032],{"class":106},[66,111887,110],{"class":102},[66,111889,4514],{"class":106},[66,111891,131],{"class":102},[66,111893,111894,111896,111898,111900],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,111895,138],{"class":137},[66,111897,110],{"class":102},[66,111899,494],{"class":106},[66,111901,131],{"class":102},[52,111903,21734],{"id":21733},[20,111905,111906,100529,111908,103],{},[15,111907,107806],{},[398,111909,100532],{},[20,111911,111912],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[33,111914,111915,111918],{},[36,111916,111917],{},"the original set",[36,111919,111920,111921],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111922,102562],{},[20,111924,923],{},[57,111926,111928],{"className":59,"code":111927,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111929,111930,111946,111962,111966,111984,111988,112001],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111931,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111933,2291],{"class":72},[66,111935,77],{"class":76},[66,111937,10253],{"class":102},[66,111939,2729],{"class":478},[66,111941,121],{"class":102},[66,111943,561],{"class":478},[66,111945,9070],{"class":102},[66,111947,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,111949,2319],{"class":72},[66,111951,77],{"class":76},[66,111953,10253],{"class":102},[66,111955,1788],{"class":478},[66,111957,121],{"class":102},[66,111959,2186],{"class":478},[66,111961,9070],{"class":102},[66,111963,111964],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,111965,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,111967,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,111969,447],{"class":72},[66,111971,77],{"class":76},[66,111973,56656],{"class":72},[66,111975,103],{"class":102},[66,111977,111032],{"class":106},[66,111979,110],{"class":102},[66,111981,4514],{"class":106},[66,111983,131],{"class":102},[66,111985,111986],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,111987,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,111989,111990,111992,111994,111996,111998],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,111991,138],{"class":137},[66,111993,110],{"class":102},[66,111995,494],{"class":106},[66,111997,3410],{"class":102},[66,111999,112000],{"class":3413},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[66,112002,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,112004,138],{"class":137},[66,112006,110],{"class":102},[66,112008,200],{"class":106},[66,112010,3410],{"class":102},[66,112012,112013],{"class":3413},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112015,2019,112016,112018],{},[15,112017,200],{}," did not change.",[20,112020,110636],{},[33,112022,112023,112025],{},[36,112024,110641],{},[36,112026,112027],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112029,112030],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[52,112032,11238],{"id":11237},[20,112034,112035],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[57,112037,112039],{"className":59,"code":112038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112040,112041,112074,112107,112111,112131,112135,112145],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112042,112043,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112044,112045],{"class":72},"fruits1 ",[66,112047,77],{"class":76},[66,112049,10253],{"class":102},[66,112051,113],{"class":80},[66,112053,3832],{"class":84},[66,112055,113],{"class":80},[66,112057,121],{"class":102},[66,112059,81],{"class":80},[66,112061,627],{"class":84},[66,112063,113],{"class":80},[66,112065,121],{"class":102},[66,112067,81],{"class":80},[66,112069,32989],{"class":84},[66,112071,113],{"class":80},[66,112073,9070],{"class":102},[66,112075,112076,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112077,112078],{"class":72},"fruits2 ",[66,112080,77],{"class":76},[66,112082,10253],{"class":102},[66,112084,113],{"class":80},[66,112086,627],{"class":84},[66,112088,113],{"class":80},[66,112090,121],{"class":102},[66,112092,81],{"class":80},[66,112094,22297],{"class":84},[66,112096,113],{"class":80},[66,112098,121],{"class":102},[66,112100,81],{"class":80},[66,112102,32989],{"class":84},[66,112104,113],{"class":80},[66,112106,9070],{"class":102},[66,112108,112109],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,112110,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112112,112113,112115,112117,112120,112122,112124,112126,112129],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,112114,447],{"class":72},[66,112116,77],{"class":76},[66,112118,112119],{"class":72}," fruits1",[66,112121,103],{"class":102},[66,112123,111032],{"class":106},[66,112125,110],{"class":102},[66,112127,112128],{"class":106},"fruits2",[66,112130,131],{"class":102},[66,112132,112133],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,112134,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112136,112137,112139,112141,112143],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,112138,138],{"class":137},[66,112140,110],{"class":102},[66,112142,494],{"class":106},[66,112144,131],{"class":102},[66,112146,112147,112149,112151,112154],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,112148,138],{"class":137},[66,112150,110],{"class":102},[66,112152,112153],{"class":106},"fruits1",[66,112155,131],{"class":102},[20,112157,29796],{},[57,112159,112161],{"className":59,"code":112160,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112162,112163,112199],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112164,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112166,9039],{"class":102},[66,112168,3044],{"class":80},[66,112170,627],{"class":84},[66,112172,3044],{"class":80},[66,112174,121],{"class":102},[66,112176,3039],{"class":80},[66,112178,32989],{"class":84},[66,112180,3044],{"class":80},[66,112182,121],{"class":102},[66,112184,3039],{"class":80},[66,112186,3832],{"class":84},[66,112188,3044],{"class":80},[66,112190,121],{"class":102},[66,112192,3039],{"class":80},[66,112194,22297],{"class":84},[66,112196,3044],{"class":80},[66,112198,9070],{"class":102},[66,112200,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112202,9039],{"class":102},[66,112204,3044],{"class":80},[66,112206,627],{"class":84},[66,112208,3044],{"class":80},[66,112210,121],{"class":102},[66,112212,3039],{"class":80},[66,112214,32989],{"class":84},[66,112216,3044],{"class":80},[66,112218,121],{"class":102},[66,112220,3039],{"class":80},[66,112222,3832],{"class":84},[66,112224,3044],{"class":80},[66,112226,9070],{"class":102},[20,112228,112229],{},"What this shows:",[33,112231,112232,112239,112242],{},[36,112233,112234,798,112236,112238],{},[15,112235,65038],{},[15,112237,65465],{}," appear in both sets",[36,112240,112241],{},"they appear only once in the result",[36,112243,112244,112246],{},[15,112245,112153],{}," stays unchanged",[52,112248,8176,112250,100921],{"id":112249},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112251,102562],{},[20,112253,112254],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[57,112256,112258],{"className":59,"code":112257,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112259,112260,112276,112292,112309,112326,112330,112357,112361],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112261,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112263,110464],{"class":72},[66,112265,77],{"class":76},[66,112267,10253],{"class":102},[66,112269,2729],{"class":478},[66,112271,121],{"class":102},[66,112273,561],{"class":478},[66,112275,9070],{"class":102},[66,112277,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112279,110485],{"class":72},[66,112281,77],{"class":76},[66,112283,10253],{"class":102},[66,112285,1788],{"class":478},[66,112287,121],{"class":102},[66,112289,2186],{"class":478},[66,112291,9070],{"class":102},[66,112293,112294,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,112295,112296],{"class":72},"set3 ",[66,112298,77],{"class":76},[66,112300,10253],{"class":102},[66,112302,1794],{"class":478},[66,112304,121],{"class":102},[66,112306,2192],{"class":478},[66,112308,9070],{"class":102},[66,112310,112311,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,112312,112313],{"class":72},"set4 ",[66,112315,77],{"class":76},[66,112317,10253],{"class":102},[66,112319,2241],{"class":478},[66,112321,121],{"class":102},[66,112323,4357],{"class":478},[66,112325,9070],{"class":102},[66,112327,112328],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,112329,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112331,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112355],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,112333,447],{"class":72},[66,112335,77],{"class":76},[66,112337,110514],{"class":72},[66,112339,103],{"class":102},[66,112341,111032],{"class":106},[66,112343,110],{"class":102},[66,112345,100357],{"class":106},[66,112347,121],{"class":102},[66,112349,100384],{"class":106},[66,112351,121],{"class":102},[66,112353,112354],{"class":106}," set4",[66,112356,131],{"class":102},[66,112358,112359],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,112360,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112362,112363,112365,112367,112369],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,112364,138],{"class":137},[66,112366,110],{"class":102},[66,112368,494],{"class":106},[66,112370,131],{"class":102},[20,112372,29796],{},[57,112374,112376],{"className":59,"code":112375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112377,112378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112379,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112381,9039],{"class":102},[66,112383,2729],{"class":478},[66,112385,121],{"class":102},[66,112387,561],{"class":478},[66,112389,121],{"class":102},[66,112391,2186],{"class":478},[66,112393,121],{"class":102},[66,112395,2192],{"class":478},[66,112397,121],{"class":102},[66,112399,4357],{"class":478},[66,112401,9070],{"class":102},[20,112403,112404],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[52,112406,8176,112408,112410],{"id":112407},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112409,102562],{}," with other iterables",[20,112412,112413,112415],{},[15,112414,102562],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[258,112417,112419],{"id":112418},"with-a-list","With a list",[57,112421,112423],{"className":59,"code":112422,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112424,112425,112445,112469,112473,112491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112426,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112428,3365],{"class":72},[66,112430,77],{"class":76},[66,112432,10253],{"class":102},[66,112434,2729],{"class":478},[66,112436,121],{"class":102},[66,112438,561],{"class":478},[66,112440,121],{"class":102},[66,112442,2186],{"class":478},[66,112444,9070],{"class":102},[66,112446,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112448,60812],{"class":72},[66,112450,77],{"class":76},[66,112452,3370],{"class":102},[66,112454,1794],{"class":478},[66,112456,121],{"class":102},[66,112458,2192],{"class":478},[66,112460,121],{"class":102},[66,112462,4357],{"class":478},[66,112464,121],{"class":102},[66,112466,4357],{"class":478},[66,112468,3383],{"class":102},[66,112470,112471],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,112472,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112474,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,112476,447],{"class":72},[66,112478,77],{"class":76},[66,112480,4016],{"class":72},[66,112482,103],{"class":102},[66,112484,111032],{"class":106},[66,112486,110],{"class":102},[66,112488,60841],{"class":106},[66,112490,131],{"class":102},[66,112492,112493,112495,112497,112499],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,112494,138],{"class":137},[66,112496,110],{"class":102},[66,112498,494],{"class":106},[66,112500,131],{"class":102},[20,112502,29796],{},[57,112504,112505],{"className":59,"code":112375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,112506,112507],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112508,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112510,9039],{"class":102},[66,112512,2729],{"class":478},[66,112514,121],{"class":102},[66,112516,561],{"class":478},[66,112518,121],{"class":102},[66,112520,2186],{"class":478},[66,112522,121],{"class":102},[66,112524,2192],{"class":478},[66,112526,121],{"class":102},[66,112528,4357],{"class":478},[66,112530,9070],{"class":102},[20,112532,20741,112533,112535],{},[15,112534,1869],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[258,112537,112539],{"id":112538},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[57,112541,112543],{"className":59,"code":112542,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112544,112545,112569,112602,112606,112625],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112546,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112548,35857],{"class":72},[66,112550,77],{"class":76},[66,112552,10253],{"class":102},[66,112554,113],{"class":80},[66,112556,200],{"class":84},[66,112558,113],{"class":80},[66,112560,121],{"class":102},[66,112562,81],{"class":80},[66,112564,4514],{"class":84},[66,112566,113],{"class":80},[66,112568,9070],{"class":102},[66,112570,112571,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112572,112573],{"class":72},"more_letters ",[66,112575,77],{"class":76},[66,112577,8997],{"class":102},[66,112579,113],{"class":80},[66,112581,4514],{"class":84},[66,112583,113],{"class":80},[66,112585,121],{"class":102},[66,112587,81],{"class":80},[66,112589,9501],{"class":84},[66,112591,113],{"class":80},[66,112593,121],{"class":102},[66,112595,81],{"class":80},[66,112597,18530],{"class":84},[66,112599,113],{"class":80},[66,112601,131],{"class":102},[66,112603,112604],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,112605,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112607,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112623],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,112609,447],{"class":72},[66,112611,77],{"class":76},[66,112613,69860],{"class":72},[66,112615,103],{"class":102},[66,112617,111032],{"class":106},[66,112619,110],{"class":102},[66,112621,112622],{"class":106},"more_letters",[66,112624,131],{"class":102},[66,112626,112627,112629,112631,112633],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,112628,138],{"class":137},[66,112630,110],{"class":102},[66,112632,494],{"class":106},[66,112634,131],{"class":102},[20,112636,29796],{},[57,112638,112640],{"className":59,"code":112639,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112641,112642],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112643,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112645,9039],{"class":102},[66,112647,3044],{"class":80},[66,112649,200],{"class":84},[66,112651,3044],{"class":80},[66,112653,121],{"class":102},[66,112655,3039],{"class":80},[66,112657,4514],{"class":84},[66,112659,3044],{"class":80},[66,112661,121],{"class":102},[66,112663,3039],{"class":80},[66,112665,9501],{"class":84},[66,112667,3044],{"class":80},[66,112669,121],{"class":102},[66,112671,3039],{"class":80},[66,112673,18530],{"class":84},[66,112675,3044],{"class":80},[66,112677,9070],{"class":102},[258,112679,112681],{"id":112680},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112683,112684],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[57,112686,112688],{"className":59,"code":112687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112689,112690,112715,112738,112742],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112691,112692,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112693,112694],{"class":72},"chars ",[66,112696,77],{"class":76},[66,112698,10253],{"class":102},[66,112700,113],{"class":80},[66,112702,200],{"class":84},[66,112704,113],{"class":80},[66,112706,121],{"class":102},[66,112708,81],{"class":80},[66,112710,4514],{"class":84},[66,112712,113],{"class":80},[66,112714,9070],{"class":102},[66,112716,112717,112719,112721,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112718,447],{"class":72},[66,112720,77],{"class":76},[66,112722,112723],{"class":72}," chars",[66,112725,103],{"class":102},[66,112727,111032],{"class":106},[66,112729,110],{"class":102},[66,112731,113],{"class":80},[66,112733,462],{"class":84},[66,112735,113],{"class":80},[66,112737,131],{"class":102},[66,112739,112740],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,112741,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,112745,138],{"class":137},[66,112747,110],{"class":102},[66,112749,494],{"class":106},[66,112751,131],{"class":102},[20,112753,29796],{},[57,112755,112757],{"className":59,"code":112756,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112758,112759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112760,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112762,9039],{"class":102},[66,112764,3044],{"class":80},[66,112766,200],{"class":84},[66,112768,3044],{"class":80},[66,112770,121],{"class":102},[66,112772,3039],{"class":80},[66,112774,4514],{"class":84},[66,112776,3044],{"class":80},[66,112778,121],{"class":102},[66,112780,3039],{"class":80},[66,112782,9501],{"class":84},[66,112784,3044],{"class":80},[66,112786,121],{"class":102},[66,112788,3039],{"class":80},[66,112790,63051],{"class":84},[66,112792,3044],{"class":80},[66,112794,9070],{"class":102},[20,112796,21953,112797,112799],{},[15,112798,797],{}," is processed as:",[33,112801,112802,112806,112810],{},[36,112803,112804],{},[15,112805,66245],{},[36,112807,112808],{},[15,112809,17858],{},[36,112811,112812],{},[15,112813,112814],{},"\"t\"",[52,112816,112818,10348,112820],{"id":112817},"union-vs-update",[15,112819,102562],{},[15,112821,14715],{},[20,112823,112824,798,112826,112828],{},[15,112825,102562],{},[15,112827,14715],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[258,112830,112831],{"id":111032},[15,112832,102562],{},[33,112834,112835,112837],{},[36,112836,110394],{},[36,112838,110403],{},[57,112840,112841],{"className":59,"code":111927,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,112842,112843,112859,112875,112879,112897,112901,112913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112844,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112846,2291],{"class":72},[66,112848,77],{"class":76},[66,112850,10253],{"class":102},[66,112852,2729],{"class":478},[66,112854,121],{"class":102},[66,112856,561],{"class":478},[66,112858,9070],{"class":102},[66,112860,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112862,2319],{"class":72},[66,112864,77],{"class":76},[66,112866,10253],{"class":102},[66,112868,1788],{"class":478},[66,112870,121],{"class":102},[66,112872,2186],{"class":478},[66,112874,9070],{"class":102},[66,112876,112877],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,112878,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112880,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,112882,447],{"class":72},[66,112884,77],{"class":76},[66,112886,56656],{"class":72},[66,112888,103],{"class":102},[66,112890,111032],{"class":106},[66,112892,110],{"class":102},[66,112894,4514],{"class":106},[66,112896,131],{"class":102},[66,112898,112899],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,112900,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112902,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,112904,138],{"class":137},[66,112906,110],{"class":102},[66,112908,494],{"class":106},[66,112910,3410],{"class":102},[66,112912,112000],{"class":3413},[66,112914,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,112916,138],{"class":137},[66,112918,110],{"class":102},[66,112920,200],{"class":106},[66,112922,3410],{"class":102},[66,112924,112013],{"class":3413},[258,112926,112927],{"id":30231},[15,112928,14715],{},[33,112930,112931,112934],{},[36,112932,112933],{},"changes the existing set in place",[36,112935,112936],{},"does not create a separate result set",[57,112938,112940],{"className":59,"code":112939,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112941,112942,112958,112974,112978,112992,112996],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112943,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112945,2291],{"class":72},[66,112947,77],{"class":76},[66,112949,10253],{"class":102},[66,112951,2729],{"class":478},[66,112953,121],{"class":102},[66,112955,561],{"class":478},[66,112957,9070],{"class":102},[66,112959,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,112961,2319],{"class":72},[66,112963,77],{"class":76},[66,112965,10253],{"class":102},[66,112967,1788],{"class":478},[66,112969,121],{"class":102},[66,112971,2186],{"class":478},[66,112973,9070],{"class":102},[66,112975,112976],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,112977,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112979,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,112981,200],{"class":72},[66,112983,103],{"class":102},[66,112985,30231],{"class":106},[66,112987,110],{"class":102},[66,112989,4514],{"class":106},[66,112991,131],{"class":102},[66,112993,112994],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,112995,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,112997,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,112999,138],{"class":137},[66,113001,110],{"class":102},[66,113003,200],{"class":106},[66,113005,3410],{"class":102},[66,113007,112000],{"class":3413},[20,113009,160,113010,113012],{},[15,113011,102562],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113014,113015,113016,103],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[200,113017,3321,113018,774],{"href":98282},[15,113019,97077],{},[52,113021,1105],{"id":1104},[258,113023,1119,113025,113027],{"id":113024},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113026,102562],{}," to change the original set",[20,113029,81591],{},[57,113031,113033],{"className":59,"code":113032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113034,113035,113051,113067,113071,113085],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113036,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113038,2291],{"class":72},[66,113040,77],{"class":76},[66,113042,10253],{"class":102},[66,113044,2729],{"class":478},[66,113046,121],{"class":102},[66,113048,561],{"class":478},[66,113050,9070],{"class":102},[66,113052,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113054,2319],{"class":72},[66,113056,77],{"class":76},[66,113058,10253],{"class":102},[66,113060,1788],{"class":478},[66,113062,121],{"class":102},[66,113064,2186],{"class":478},[66,113066,9070],{"class":102},[66,113068,113069],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113070,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,113072,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,113074,200],{"class":72},[66,113076,103],{"class":102},[66,113078,111032],{"class":106},[66,113080,110],{"class":102},[66,113082,4514],{"class":106},[66,113084,131],{"class":102},[66,113086,113087,113089,113091,113093],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,113088,138],{"class":137},[66,113090,110],{"class":102},[66,113092,200],{"class":106},[66,113094,131],{"class":102},[20,113096,148],{},[57,113098,113099],{"className":59,"code":100270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,113100,113101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113102,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113104,9039],{"class":102},[66,113106,2729],{"class":478},[66,113108,121],{"class":102},[66,113110,561],{"class":478},[66,113112,9070],{"class":102},[20,113114,8254,113115,113117],{},[15,113116,102562],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113119,113120],{},"Fix it like this:",[57,113122,113124],{"className":59,"code":113123,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113125,113126,113142,113158,113162,113180],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113127,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113129,2291],{"class":72},[66,113131,77],{"class":76},[66,113133,10253],{"class":102},[66,113135,2729],{"class":478},[66,113137,121],{"class":102},[66,113139,561],{"class":478},[66,113141,9070],{"class":102},[66,113143,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113145,2319],{"class":72},[66,113147,77],{"class":76},[66,113149,10253],{"class":102},[66,113151,1788],{"class":478},[66,113153,121],{"class":102},[66,113155,2186],{"class":478},[66,113157,9070],{"class":102},[66,113159,113160],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113161,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,113163,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,113165,2291],{"class":72},[66,113167,77],{"class":76},[66,113169,56656],{"class":72},[66,113171,103],{"class":102},[66,113173,111032],{"class":106},[66,113175,110],{"class":102},[66,113177,4514],{"class":106},[66,113179,131],{"class":102},[66,113181,113182,113184,113186,113188],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,113183,138],{"class":137},[66,113185,110],{"class":102},[66,113187,200],{"class":106},[66,113189,131],{"class":102},[258,113191,113193],{"id":113192},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113195,113196],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[57,113198,113200],{"className":59,"code":113199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113201,113202,113218,113234,113238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113203,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113205,2291],{"class":72},[66,113207,77],{"class":76},[66,113209,10253],{"class":102},[66,113211,1794],{"class":478},[66,113213,121],{"class":102},[66,113215,479],{"class":478},[66,113217,9070],{"class":102},[66,113219,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113221,2319],{"class":72},[66,113223,77],{"class":76},[66,113225,10253],{"class":102},[66,113227,1788],{"class":478},[66,113229,121],{"class":102},[66,113231,2192],{"class":478},[66,113233,9070],{"class":102},[66,113235,113236],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113237,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,113239,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,113241,138],{"class":137},[66,113243,110],{"class":102},[66,113245,200],{"class":106},[66,113247,103],{"class":102},[66,113249,111032],{"class":106},[66,113251,110],{"class":102},[66,113253,4514],{"class":106},[66,113255,1330],{"class":102},[20,113257,113258],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[258,113260,113262],{"id":113261},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[57,113264,113266],{"className":59,"code":113265,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113267,113268,113284,113306],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113269,113270,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113271,3823],{"class":72},[66,113273,77],{"class":76},[66,113275,10253],{"class":102},[66,113277,113],{"class":80},[66,113279,471],{"class":84},[66,113281,113],{"class":80},[66,113283,9070],{"class":102},[66,113285,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113287,447],{"class":72},[66,113289,77],{"class":76},[66,113291,5920],{"class":72},[66,113293,103],{"class":102},[66,113295,111032],{"class":106},[66,113297,110],{"class":102},[66,113299,113],{"class":80},[66,113301,462],{"class":84},[66,113303,113],{"class":80},[66,113305,131],{"class":102},[66,113307,113308,113310,113312,113314],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113309,138],{"class":137},[66,113311,110],{"class":102},[66,113313,494],{"class":106},[66,113315,131],{"class":102},[20,113317,113318,113319,1923,113321,16835,113323,113325,113326,113328],{},"This adds ",[15,113320,66245],{},[15,113322,17858],{},[15,113324,112814],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113327,797],{}," as one item.",[20,113330,113331],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[57,113333,113335],{"className":59,"code":113334,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113336,113337,113353,113375],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113338,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349,113351],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113340,3823],{"class":72},[66,113342,77],{"class":76},[66,113344,10253],{"class":102},[66,113346,113],{"class":80},[66,113348,471],{"class":84},[66,113350,113],{"class":80},[66,113352,9070],{"class":102},[66,113354,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113356,447],{"class":72},[66,113358,77],{"class":76},[66,113360,5920],{"class":72},[66,113362,103],{"class":102},[66,113364,111032],{"class":106},[66,113366,2726],{"class":102},[66,113368,113],{"class":80},[66,113370,462],{"class":84},[66,113372,113],{"class":80},[66,113374,3640],{"class":102},[66,113376,113377,113379,113381,113383],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113378,138],{"class":137},[66,113380,110],{"class":102},[66,113382,494],{"class":106},[66,113384,131],{"class":102},[258,113386,113388],{"id":113387},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113390,2575],{},[57,113392,113394],{"className":59,"code":113393,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113395,113396],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113399,15390],{"class":72},[66,113401,77],{"class":76},[66,113403,10253],{"class":102},[66,113405,2729],{"class":478},[66,113407,121],{"class":102},[66,113409,561],{"class":478},[66,113411,121],{"class":102},[66,113413,3370],{"class":102},[66,113415,1794],{"class":478},[66,113417,121],{"class":102},[66,113419,2192],{"class":478},[66,113421,13467],{"class":102},[20,113423,113424],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113426,113427,113428,1111],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113429,102562],{},[57,113431,113433],{"className":59,"code":113432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113434,113435,113451,113473],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113438,15390],{"class":72},[66,113440,77],{"class":76},[66,113442,10253],{"class":102},[66,113444,2729],{"class":478},[66,113446,121],{"class":102},[66,113448,561],{"class":478},[66,113450,9070],{"class":102},[66,113452,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113454,447],{"class":72},[66,113456,77],{"class":76},[66,113458,96687],{"class":72},[66,113460,103],{"class":102},[66,113462,111032],{"class":106},[66,113464,2726],{"class":102},[66,113466,1794],{"class":478},[66,113468,121],{"class":102},[66,113470,2192],{"class":478},[66,113472,3640],{"class":102},[66,113474,113475,113477,113479,113481],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113476,138],{"class":137},[66,113478,110],{"class":102},[66,113480,494],{"class":106},[66,113482,131],{"class":102},[52,113484,113486],{"id":113485},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113488,113489],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[33,113491,113492,113498,113505,113508],{},[36,113493,113494,113495,113497],{},"call ",[15,113496,102562],{}," without saving the returned set",[36,113499,113500,113501,8464,113503],{},"confuse ",[15,113502,102562],{},[15,113504,14715],{},[36,113506,113507],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[36,113509,113510],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113512,113513,113514,798,113518,103],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[200,113515,3321,113516,774],{"href":102551},[15,113517,106336],{},[200,113519,3321,113521,774],{"href":113520},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113522,100182],{},[20,113524,62059],{},[57,113526,113528],{"className":59,"code":113527,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113529,113530,113540,113554,113564],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113531,113532,113534,113536,113538],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113533,138],{"class":137},[66,113535,110],{"class":102},[66,113537,15428],{"class":106},[66,113539,131],{"class":102},[66,113541,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113543,138],{"class":137},[66,113545,110],{"class":102},[66,113547,2964],{"class":2641},[66,113549,110],{"class":102},[66,113551,15428],{"class":106},[66,113553,1330],{"class":102},[66,113555,113556,113558,113560,113562],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113557,138],{"class":137},[66,113559,110],{"class":102},[66,113561,494],{"class":106},[66,113563,131],{"class":102},[66,113565,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,113567,31920],{"class":137},[66,113569,110],{"class":102},[66,113571,6039],{"class":2641},[66,113573,103],{"class":102},[66,113575,111032],{"class":24515},[66,113577,131],{"class":102},[52,113579,1518],{"id":1517},[258,113581,1522,113583,102502],{"id":113582},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113584,107806],{},[20,113586,102505],{},[258,113588,1573,113590,113592],{"id":113589},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113591,102562],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113594,113595],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[258,113597,28094,113599,113601],{"id":113598},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113600,102562],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113603,41918,113604,113606],{},[15,113605,102562],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[258,113608,113610],{"id":113609},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113612,113613],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[258,113615,4934,113617,798,113619,2228],{"id":113616},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113618,102562],{},[15,113620,113621],{},"|",[20,113623,113624,113625,113627,113628,113630],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113626,113621],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113629,102562],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[52,113632,1620],{"id":1619},[33,113634,113635,113639,113645,113651,113657],{},[36,113636,113637],{},[200,113638,96091],{"href":97262},[36,113640,113641],{},[200,113642,3321,113643,774],{"href":98282},[15,113644,97077],{},[36,113646,113647],{},[200,113648,3321,113649,774],{"href":102551},[15,113650,106336],{},[36,113652,113653],{},[200,113654,3321,113655,774],{"href":113520},[15,113656,100182],{},[36,113658,113659],{},[200,113660,100107],{"href":98840},[1651,113662,113663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":113665},[113666,113667,113669,113670,113671,113672,113674,113680,113685,113692,113693,113704],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":111762,"depth":91,"text":113668},"What set.union() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":21733,"depth":91,"text":21734},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":112249,"depth":91,"text":113673},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112407,"depth":91,"text":113675,"children":113676},"Using union() with other iterables",[113677,113678,113679],{"id":112418,"depth":134,"text":112419},{"id":112538,"depth":134,"text":112539},{"id":112680,"depth":134,"text":112681},{"id":112817,"depth":91,"text":113681,"children":113682},"union() vs update()",[113683,113684],{"id":111032,"depth":134,"text":102562},{"id":30231,"depth":134,"text":14715},{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":113686},[113687,113689,113690,113691],{"id":113024,"depth":134,"text":113688},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113192,"depth":134,"text":113193},{"id":113261,"depth":134,"text":113262},{"id":113387,"depth":134,"text":113388},{"id":113485,"depth":91,"text":113486},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":113694},[113695,113697,113699,113701,113702],{"id":113582,"depth":134,"text":113696},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113589,"depth":134,"text":113698},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113598,"depth":134,"text":113700},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113609,"depth":134,"text":113610},{"id":113616,"depth":134,"text":113703},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111642,"description":113705},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113711,"title":113712,"body":113713,"description":115602,"extension":1694,"meta":115603,"navigation":338,"path":96576,"seo":115604,"stem":115605,"__hash__":115606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113714,"toc":115568},[113715,113720,113725,113733,113735,113793,113798,113803,113807,113819,113822,113896,113901,113903,113905,113924,113926,113943,113946,113973,113975,114045,114049,114051,114057,114059,114120,114125,114127,114184,114188,114193,114258,114260,114280,114287,114291,114296,114381,114384,114391,114494,114498,114503,114561,114564,114575,114589,114596,114654,114661,114664,114674,114678,114736,114740,114806,114809,114867,114874,114881,114884,114888,114897,114966,114970,114976,115064,115074,115078,115082,115086,115089,115150,115155,115212,115216,115218,115253,115260,115262,115316,115323,115327,115330,115395,115404,115410,115467,115469,115474,115478,115482,115485,115492,115500,115504,115509,115513,115519,115521,115556,115565],[10,113716,95963,113718,18],{"id":113717},"python-set-update-method",[15,113719,14715],{},[20,113721,113722,113724],{},[15,113723,97077],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113726,113727,113728,113732],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[200,113729,113730],{"href":98263},[15,113731,95971],{},", which adds only one item.",[52,113734,3355],{"id":3354},[57,113736,113738],{"className":59,"code":113737,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113739,113740,113756,113778,113788],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113741,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113743,3365],{"class":72},[66,113745,77],{"class":76},[66,113747,10253],{"class":102},[66,113749,2729],{"class":478},[66,113751,121],{"class":102},[66,113753,561],{"class":478},[66,113755,9070],{"class":102},[66,113757,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774,113776],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113759,3397],{"class":72},[66,113761,103],{"class":102},[66,113763,30231],{"class":106},[66,113765,2726],{"class":102},[66,113767,1788],{"class":478},[66,113769,121],{"class":102},[66,113771,2186],{"class":478},[66,113773,121],{"class":102},[66,113775,2192],{"class":478},[66,113777,3640],{"class":102},[66,113779,113780,113782,113784,113786],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113781,138],{"class":137},[66,113783,110],{"class":102},[66,113785,3397],{"class":106},[66,113787,131],{"class":102},[66,113789,113790],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,113791,113792],{"class":3413},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113794,160,113795,113797],{},[15,113796,14715],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[52,113799,168,113801,41],{"id":113800},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113802,97077],{},[20,113804,113805,1111],{},[15,113806,97077],{},[33,113808,113809,113812,113814,113817],{},[36,113810,113811],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[36,113813,96078],{},[36,113815,113816],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[36,113818,96081],{},[20,113820,113821],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[57,113823,113825],{"className":59,"code":113824,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113826,113827,113851,113877,113881,113891],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113828,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845,113847,113849],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113830,12838],{"class":72},[66,113832,77],{"class":76},[66,113834,10253],{"class":102},[66,113836,113],{"class":80},[66,113838,1392],{"class":84},[66,113840,113],{"class":80},[66,113842,121],{"class":102},[66,113844,81],{"class":80},[66,113846,1401],{"class":84},[66,113848,113],{"class":80},[66,113850,9070],{"class":102},[66,113852,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113854,17264],{"class":72},[66,113856,103],{"class":102},[66,113858,30231],{"class":106},[66,113860,2726],{"class":102},[66,113862,113],{"class":80},[66,113864,1401],{"class":84},[66,113866,113],{"class":80},[66,113868,121],{"class":102},[66,113870,81],{"class":80},[66,113872,17217],{"class":84},[66,113874,113],{"class":80},[66,113876,3640],{"class":102},[66,113878,113879],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,113880,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,113882,113883,113885,113887,113889],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,113884,138],{"class":137},[66,113886,110],{"class":102},[66,113888,17264],{"class":106},[66,113890,131],{"class":102},[66,113892,113893],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,113894,113895],{"class":3413},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113897,20741,113898,113900],{},[15,113899,110797],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[52,113902,1891],{"id":1890},[20,113904,6973],{},[57,113906,113908],{"className":59,"code":113907,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113909,113910],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113911,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113913,15428],{"class":72},[66,113915,103],{"class":102},[66,113917,30231],{"class":106},[66,113919,110],{"class":102},[66,113921,3470],{"class":106},[66,113923,131],{"class":102},[20,113925,79967],{},[33,113927,113928,113931,113934,113937,113940],{},[36,113929,113930],{},"A list",[36,113932,113933],{},"A tuple",[36,113935,113936],{},"Another set",[36,113938,113939],{},"A string",[36,113941,113942],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113944,113945],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[57,113947,113949],{"className":59,"code":113948,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113950,113951],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113952,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113954,15428],{"class":72},[66,113956,103],{"class":102},[66,113958,30231],{"class":106},[66,113960,110],{"class":102},[66,113962,200],{"class":106},[66,113964,121],{"class":102},[66,113966,2296],{"class":106},[66,113968,121],{"class":102},[66,113970,9443],{"class":106},[66,113972,131],{"class":102},[20,113974,923],{},[57,113976,113978],{"className":59,"code":113977,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113979,113980,113992,114026,114030,114040],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113981,113982,113984,113986,113988,113990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113983,3573],{"class":72},[66,113985,77],{"class":76},[66,113987,10253],{"class":102},[66,113989,2729],{"class":478},[66,113991,9070],{"class":102},[66,113993,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022,114024],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,113995,5114],{"class":72},[66,113997,103],{"class":102},[66,113999,30231],{"class":106},[66,114001,2726],{"class":102},[66,114003,1788],{"class":478},[66,114005,121],{"class":102},[66,114007,2186],{"class":478},[66,114009,17824],{"class":102},[66,114011,8997],{"class":102},[66,114013,2241],{"class":478},[66,114015,121],{"class":102},[66,114017,4357],{"class":478},[66,114019,8994],{"class":102},[66,114021,10253],{"class":102},[66,114023,80358],{"class":478},[66,114025,30263],{"class":102},[66,114027,114028],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114029,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114031,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114033,138],{"class":137},[66,114035,110],{"class":102},[66,114037,5114],{"class":106},[66,114039,131],{"class":102},[66,114041,114042],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114043,114044],{"class":3413},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114046,96087,114047,103],{},[200,114048,96095],{"href":97646},[52,114050,21734],{"id":21733},[20,114052,114053,2131,114055,103],{},[15,114054,97077],{},[15,114056,3528],{},[20,114058,11477],{},[57,114060,114062],{"className":59,"code":114061,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114063,114064,114080,114102,114106,114116],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114065,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114067,3365],{"class":72},[66,114069,77],{"class":76},[66,114071,10253],{"class":102},[66,114073,2729],{"class":478},[66,114075,121],{"class":102},[66,114077,561],{"class":478},[66,114079,9070],{"class":102},[66,114081,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114083,447],{"class":72},[66,114085,77],{"class":76},[66,114087,4016],{"class":72},[66,114089,103],{"class":102},[66,114091,30231],{"class":106},[66,114093,2726],{"class":102},[66,114095,1794],{"class":478},[66,114097,121],{"class":102},[66,114099,2192],{"class":478},[66,114101,3640],{"class":102},[66,114103,114104],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114105,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114107,114108,114110,114112,114114],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114109,138],{"class":137},[66,114111,110],{"class":102},[66,114113,494],{"class":106},[66,114115,131],{"class":102},[66,114117,114118],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114119,61595],{"class":3413},[20,114121,114122,114123,103],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114124,494],{},[20,114126,18731],{},[57,114128,114130],{"className":59,"code":114129,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114131,114132,114148,114166,114170,114180],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114133,114134,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144,114146],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114135,3365],{"class":72},[66,114137,77],{"class":76},[66,114139,10253],{"class":102},[66,114141,2729],{"class":478},[66,114143,121],{"class":102},[66,114145,561],{"class":478},[66,114147,9070],{"class":102},[66,114149,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114151,3397],{"class":72},[66,114153,103],{"class":102},[66,114155,30231],{"class":106},[66,114157,2726],{"class":102},[66,114159,1794],{"class":478},[66,114161,121],{"class":102},[66,114163,2192],{"class":478},[66,114165,3640],{"class":102},[66,114167,114168],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114169,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114171,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114173,138],{"class":137},[66,114175,110],{"class":102},[66,114177,3397],{"class":106},[66,114179,131],{"class":102},[66,114181,114182],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114183,113792],{"class":3413},[52,114185,114187],{"id":114186},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114189,114190,114191,103],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114192,14715],{},[57,114194,114196],{"className":59,"code":114195,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114197,114198,114214,114240,114244,114254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114199,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114201,3365],{"class":72},[66,114203,77],{"class":76},[66,114205,10253],{"class":102},[66,114207,2729],{"class":478},[66,114209,121],{"class":102},[66,114211,561],{"class":478},[66,114213,9070],{"class":102},[66,114215,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114217,3397],{"class":72},[66,114219,103],{"class":102},[66,114221,30231],{"class":106},[66,114223,2726],{"class":102},[66,114225,1788],{"class":478},[66,114227,121],{"class":102},[66,114229,2186],{"class":478},[66,114231,121],{"class":102},[66,114233,2192],{"class":478},[66,114235,121],{"class":102},[66,114237,2192],{"class":478},[66,114239,3640],{"class":102},[66,114241,114242],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114243,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114245,114246,114248,114250,114252],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114247,138],{"class":137},[66,114249,110],{"class":102},[66,114251,3397],{"class":106},[66,114253,131],{"class":102},[66,114255,114256],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114257,113792],{"class":3413},[20,114259,11447],{},[33,114261,114262,114267,114274],{},[36,114263,114264,114266],{},[15,114265,1788],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[36,114268,114269,798,114271,114273],{},[15,114270,1794],{},[15,114272,2241],{}," are added",[36,114275,114276,114277,114279],{},"The second ",[15,114278,2241],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114281,114282,114283,114286],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[200,114284,114285],{"href":98840},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[52,114288,114290],{"id":114289},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114292,7518,114293,114295],{},[15,114294,14715],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[57,114297,114299],{"className":59,"code":114298,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114300,114301,114322,114343,114347,114363,114367,114377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114302,114303,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114304,114305],{"class":72},"set_a ",[66,114307,77],{"class":76},[66,114309,10253],{"class":102},[66,114311,2729],{"class":478},[66,114313,121],{"class":102},[66,114315,561],{"class":478},[66,114317,121],{"class":102},[66,114319,2186],{"class":478},[66,114321,9070],{"class":102},[66,114323,114324,114327,114329,114331,114333,114335,114337,114339,114341],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114325,114326],{"class":72},"set_b ",[66,114328,77],{"class":76},[66,114330,10253],{"class":102},[66,114332,1794],{"class":478},[66,114334,121],{"class":102},[66,114336,2192],{"class":478},[66,114338,121],{"class":102},[66,114340,4357],{"class":478},[66,114342,9070],{"class":102},[66,114344,114345],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114346,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114348,114349,114352,114354,114356,114358,114361],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114350,114351],{"class":72},"set_a",[66,114353,103],{"class":102},[66,114355,30231],{"class":106},[66,114357,110],{"class":102},[66,114359,114360],{"class":106},"set_b",[66,114362,131],{"class":102},[66,114364,114365],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114366,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114368,114369,114371,114373,114375],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,114370,138],{"class":137},[66,114372,110],{"class":102},[66,114374,114351],{"class":106},[66,114376,131],{"class":102},[66,114378,114379],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,114380,111754],{"class":3413},[20,114382,114383],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114385,114386,114387,103],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[200,114388,114389],{"href":102559},[15,114390,107806],{},[57,114392,114394],{"className":59,"code":114393,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114395,114396,114416,114436,114440,114460,114464,114475,114479,114489],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114397,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114399,114305],{"class":72},[66,114401,77],{"class":76},[66,114403,10253],{"class":102},[66,114405,2729],{"class":478},[66,114407,121],{"class":102},[66,114409,561],{"class":478},[66,114411,121],{"class":102},[66,114413,2186],{"class":478},[66,114415,9070],{"class":102},[66,114417,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114419,114326],{"class":72},[66,114421,77],{"class":76},[66,114423,10253],{"class":102},[66,114425,1794],{"class":478},[66,114427,121],{"class":102},[66,114429,2192],{"class":478},[66,114431,121],{"class":102},[66,114433,4357],{"class":478},[66,114435,9070],{"class":102},[66,114437,114438],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114439,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114441,114442,114445,114447,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114443,114444],{"class":72},"combined ",[66,114446,77],{"class":76},[66,114448,114449],{"class":72}," set_a",[66,114451,103],{"class":102},[66,114453,111032],{"class":106},[66,114455,110],{"class":102},[66,114457,114360],{"class":106},[66,114459,131],{"class":102},[66,114461,114462],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114463,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114465,114466,114468,114470,114473],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,114467,138],{"class":137},[66,114469,110],{"class":102},[66,114471,114472],{"class":106},"combined",[66,114474,131],{"class":102},[66,114476,114477],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,114478,111754],{"class":3413},[66,114480,114481,114483,114485,114487],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,114482,138],{"class":137},[66,114484,110],{"class":102},[66,114486,114351],{"class":106},[66,114488,131],{"class":102},[66,114490,114491],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,114492,114493],{"class":3413},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,114495,114497],{"id":114496},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114499,64503,114500,114502],{},[15,114501,14715],{}," adds each character separately.",[57,114504,114506],{"className":59,"code":114505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114507,114508,114524,114542,114546,114556],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114509,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520,114522],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114511,35857],{"class":72},[66,114513,77],{"class":76},[66,114515,10253],{"class":102},[66,114517,113],{"class":80},[66,114519,960],{"class":84},[66,114521,113],{"class":80},[66,114523,9070],{"class":102},[66,114525,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114527,35910],{"class":72},[66,114529,103],{"class":102},[66,114531,30231],{"class":106},[66,114533,110],{"class":102},[66,114535,113],{"class":80},[66,114537,462],{"class":84},[66,114539,113],{"class":80},[66,114541,131],{"class":102},[66,114543,114544],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114545,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114547,114548,114550,114552,114554],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114549,138],{"class":137},[66,114551,110],{"class":102},[66,114553,35910],{"class":106},[66,114555,131],{"class":102},[66,114557,114558],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114559,114560],{"class":3413},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114562,114563],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114565,114566,13815,114569,114571,114572,114574],{},[15,114567,114568],{},"update(\"cat\")",[398,114570,4383],{}," add ",[15,114573,797],{}," as one item. It adds:",[33,114576,114577,114581,114585],{},[36,114578,114579],{},[15,114580,66245],{},[36,114582,114583],{},[15,114584,17858],{},[36,114586,114587],{},[15,114588,112814],{},[20,114590,114591,114592,1111],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[200,114593,114594],{"href":98263},[15,114595,95971],{},[57,114597,114599],{"className":59,"code":114598,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114600,114601,114617,114635,114639,114649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114602,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114604,3823],{"class":72},[66,114606,77],{"class":76},[66,114608,10253],{"class":102},[66,114610,113],{"class":80},[66,114612,471],{"class":84},[66,114614,113],{"class":80},[66,114616,9070],{"class":102},[66,114618,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114620,3866],{"class":72},[66,114622,103],{"class":102},[66,114624,81870],{"class":106},[66,114626,110],{"class":102},[66,114628,113],{"class":80},[66,114630,462],{"class":84},[66,114632,113],{"class":80},[66,114634,131],{"class":102},[66,114636,114637],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114638,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114640,114641,114643,114645,114647],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114642,138],{"class":137},[66,114644,110],{"class":102},[66,114646,3866],{"class":106},[66,114648,131],{"class":102},[66,114650,114651],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114652,114653],{"class":3413},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[52,114655,114657,10348,114659],{"id":114656},"update-vs-add",[15,114658,14715],{},[15,114660,95966],{},[20,114662,114663],{},"The difference is simple:",[33,114665,114666,114670],{},[36,114667,114668,96565],{},[15,114669,95966],{},[36,114671,114672,96570],{},[15,114673,14715],{},[20,114675,45807,114676,1111],{},[15,114677,95966],{},[57,114679,114681],{"className":59,"code":114680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114682,114683,114699,114717,114721,114731],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114684,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114686,36006],{"class":72},[66,114688,77],{"class":76},[66,114690,10253],{"class":102},[66,114692,113],{"class":80},[66,114694,3832],{"class":84},[66,114696,113],{"class":80},[66,114698,9070],{"class":102},[66,114700,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114702,36058],{"class":72},[66,114704,103],{"class":102},[66,114706,81870],{"class":106},[66,114708,110],{"class":102},[66,114710,113],{"class":80},[66,114712,627],{"class":84},[66,114714,113],{"class":80},[66,114716,131],{"class":102},[66,114718,114719],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114720,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114722,114723,114725,114727,114729],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114724,138],{"class":137},[66,114726,110],{"class":102},[66,114728,36058],{"class":106},[66,114730,131],{"class":102},[66,114732,114733],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114734,114735],{"class":3413},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114737,45807,114738,1111],{},[15,114739,14715],{},[57,114741,114743],{"className":59,"code":114742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114744,114745,114761,114787,114791,114801],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114746,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114748,36006],{"class":72},[66,114750,77],{"class":76},[66,114752,10253],{"class":102},[66,114754,113],{"class":80},[66,114756,3832],{"class":84},[66,114758,113],{"class":80},[66,114760,9070],{"class":102},[66,114762,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114764,36058],{"class":72},[66,114766,103],{"class":102},[66,114768,30231],{"class":106},[66,114770,2726],{"class":102},[66,114772,113],{"class":80},[66,114774,627],{"class":84},[66,114776,113],{"class":80},[66,114778,121],{"class":102},[66,114780,81],{"class":80},[66,114782,32989],{"class":84},[66,114784,113],{"class":80},[66,114786,3640],{"class":102},[66,114788,114789],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114790,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114792,114793,114795,114797,114799],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114794,138],{"class":137},[66,114796,110],{"class":102},[66,114798,36058],{"class":106},[66,114800,131],{"class":102},[66,114802,114803],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114804,114805],{"class":3413},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114807,114808],{},"Important warning with strings:",[57,114810,114812],{"className":59,"code":114811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114813,114814,114830,114848,114852,114862],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114815,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114817,36006],{"class":72},[66,114819,77],{"class":76},[66,114821,10253],{"class":102},[66,114823,113],{"class":80},[66,114825,3832],{"class":84},[66,114827,113],{"class":80},[66,114829,9070],{"class":102},[66,114831,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114833,36058],{"class":72},[66,114835,103],{"class":102},[66,114837,30231],{"class":106},[66,114839,110],{"class":102},[66,114841,113],{"class":80},[66,114843,38107],{"class":84},[66,114845,113],{"class":80},[66,114847,131],{"class":102},[66,114849,114850],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114851,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114853,114854,114856,114858,114860],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114855,138],{"class":137},[66,114857,110],{"class":102},[66,114859,36058],{"class":106},[66,114861,131],{"class":102},[66,114863,114864],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114865,114866],{"class":3413},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114868,61870,114869,61943,114872,6385],{},[15,114870,114871],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114873,95966],{},[52,114875,114877,10348,114879],{"id":114876},"update-vs-union",[15,114878,14715],{},[15,114880,102562],{},[20,114882,114883],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[258,114885,114886],{"id":30231},[15,114887,14715],{},[33,114889,114890,114893],{},[36,114891,114892],{},"Changes the existing set",[36,114894,11186,114895],{},[15,114896,3528],{},[57,114898,114900],{"className":59,"code":114899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114901,114902,114918,114934,114938,114952,114962],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114903,114904,114906,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114905,2291],{"class":72},[66,114907,77],{"class":76},[66,114909,10253],{"class":102},[66,114911,2729],{"class":478},[66,114913,121],{"class":102},[66,114915,561],{"class":478},[66,114917,9070],{"class":102},[66,114919,114920,114922,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,114921,2319],{"class":72},[66,114923,77],{"class":76},[66,114925,10253],{"class":102},[66,114927,1788],{"class":478},[66,114929,121],{"class":102},[66,114931,2186],{"class":478},[66,114933,9070],{"class":102},[66,114935,114936],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,114937,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,114939,114940,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,114941,200],{"class":72},[66,114943,103],{"class":102},[66,114945,30231],{"class":106},[66,114947,110],{"class":102},[66,114949,4514],{"class":106},[66,114951,131],{"class":102},[66,114953,114954,114956,114958,114960],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,114955,138],{"class":137},[66,114957,110],{"class":102},[66,114959,200],{"class":106},[66,114961,131],{"class":102},[66,114963,114964],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,114965,114493],{"class":3413},[258,114967,114968],{"id":111032},[15,114969,102562],{},[33,114971,114972,114974],{},[36,114973,101100],{},[36,114975,101103],{},[57,114977,114979],{"className":59,"code":114978,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114980,114981,114997,115013,115017,115035,115045,115049,115059],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114982,114983,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114984,2291],{"class":72},[66,114986,77],{"class":76},[66,114988,10253],{"class":102},[66,114990,2729],{"class":478},[66,114992,121],{"class":102},[66,114994,561],{"class":478},[66,114996,9070],{"class":102},[66,114998,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115000,2319],{"class":72},[66,115002,77],{"class":76},[66,115004,10253],{"class":102},[66,115006,1788],{"class":478},[66,115008,121],{"class":102},[66,115010,2186],{"class":478},[66,115012,9070],{"class":102},[66,115014,115015],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115016,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115018,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115020,82950],{"class":72},[66,115022,77],{"class":76},[66,115024,56656],{"class":72},[66,115026,103],{"class":102},[66,115028,111032],{"class":106},[66,115030,110],{"class":102},[66,115032,4514],{"class":106},[66,115034,131],{"class":102},[66,115036,115037,115039,115041,115043],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115038,138],{"class":137},[66,115040,110],{"class":102},[66,115042,9501],{"class":106},[66,115044,131],{"class":102},[66,115046,115047],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,115048,114493],{"class":3413},[66,115050,115051,115053,115055,115057],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,115052,138],{"class":137},[66,115054,110],{"class":102},[66,115056,200],{"class":106},[66,115058,131],{"class":102},[66,115060,115061],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,115062,115063],{"class":3413},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115065,107448,115066,115068,115069,115073],{},[15,115067,14715],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[200,115070,115071],{"href":102559},[15,115072,102562],{}," when you want a new set.",[52,115075,115077],{"id":115076},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115079,10510,115080,103],{},[15,115081,97077],{},[258,115083,115085],{"id":115084},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115087,115088],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[57,115090,115092],{"className":59,"code":115091,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115093,115094,115110,115132,115136,115146],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115095,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115097,15390],{"class":72},[66,115099,77],{"class":76},[66,115101,10253],{"class":102},[66,115103,2729],{"class":478},[66,115105,121],{"class":102},[66,115107,561],{"class":478},[66,115109,9070],{"class":102},[66,115111,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115113,447],{"class":72},[66,115115,77],{"class":76},[66,115117,96687],{"class":72},[66,115119,103],{"class":102},[66,115121,30231],{"class":106},[66,115123,2726],{"class":102},[66,115125,1794],{"class":478},[66,115127,121],{"class":102},[66,115129,2192],{"class":478},[66,115131,3640],{"class":102},[66,115133,115134],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115135,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115137,115138,115140,115142,115144],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115139,138],{"class":137},[66,115141,110],{"class":102},[66,115143,494],{"class":106},[66,115145,131],{"class":102},[66,115147,115148],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115149,61595],{"class":3413},[20,115151,115152,115153,1111],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115154,14715],{},[57,115156,115158],{"className":59,"code":115157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115159,115160,115176,115194,115198,115208],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115161,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170,115172,115174],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115163,15390],{"class":72},[66,115165,77],{"class":76},[66,115167,10253],{"class":102},[66,115169,2729],{"class":478},[66,115171,121],{"class":102},[66,115173,561],{"class":478},[66,115175,9070],{"class":102},[66,115177,115178,115180,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115179,15428],{"class":72},[66,115181,103],{"class":102},[66,115183,30231],{"class":106},[66,115185,2726],{"class":102},[66,115187,1794],{"class":478},[66,115189,121],{"class":102},[66,115191,2192],{"class":478},[66,115193,3640],{"class":102},[66,115195,115196],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115197,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115199,115200,115202,115204,115206],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115201,138],{"class":137},[66,115203,110],{"class":102},[66,115205,15428],{"class":106},[66,115207,131],{"class":102},[66,115209,115210],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115211,113792],{"class":3413},[258,115213,115215],{"id":115214},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115217,2575],{},[57,115219,115221],{"className":59,"code":115220,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115222,115223,115239],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115224,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115226,15390],{"class":72},[66,115228,77],{"class":76},[66,115230,10253],{"class":102},[66,115232,2729],{"class":478},[66,115234,121],{"class":102},[66,115236,561],{"class":478},[66,115238,9070],{"class":102},[66,115240,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249,115251],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115242,15428],{"class":72},[66,115244,103],{"class":102},[66,115246,30231],{"class":106},[66,115248,110],{"class":102},[66,115250,1869],{"class":478},[66,115252,131],{"class":102},[20,115254,62049,115255,8360,115257,115259],{},[15,115256,2746],{},[15,115258,1869],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115261,6308],{},[57,115263,115265],{"className":59,"code":115264,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115266,115267,115283,115297,115301,115311],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115268,115269,115271,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115270,15390],{"class":72},[66,115272,77],{"class":76},[66,115274,10253],{"class":102},[66,115276,2729],{"class":478},[66,115278,121],{"class":102},[66,115280,561],{"class":478},[66,115282,9070],{"class":102},[66,115284,115285,115287,115289,115291,115293,115295],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115286,15428],{"class":72},[66,115288,103],{"class":102},[66,115290,30231],{"class":106},[66,115292,2726],{"class":102},[66,115294,1869],{"class":478},[66,115296,3640],{"class":102},[66,115298,115299],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115300,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115302,115303,115305,115307,115309],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115304,138],{"class":137},[66,115306,110],{"class":102},[66,115308,15428],{"class":106},[66,115310,131],{"class":102},[66,115312,115313],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115314,115315],{"class":3413},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115317,45680,115318,103],{},[200,115319,25445,115320],{"href":52367},[15,115321,115322],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[258,115324,115326],{"id":115325},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115328,115329],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[57,115331,115333],{"className":59,"code":115332,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115334,115335,115351,115377,115381,115391],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115338,15390],{"class":72},[66,115340,77],{"class":76},[66,115342,10253],{"class":102},[66,115344,2729],{"class":478},[66,115346,121],{"class":102},[66,115348,561],{"class":478},[66,115350,9070],{"class":102},[66,115352,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371,115373,115375],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115354,15428],{"class":72},[66,115356,103],{"class":102},[66,115358,30231],{"class":106},[66,115360,2726],{"class":102},[66,115362,1788],{"class":478},[66,115364,121],{"class":102},[66,115366,561],{"class":478},[66,115368,121],{"class":102},[66,115370,561],{"class":478},[66,115372,121],{"class":102},[66,115374,2186],{"class":478},[66,115376,3640],{"class":102},[66,115378,115379],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115380,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115382,115383,115385,115387,115389],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115384,138],{"class":137},[66,115386,110],{"class":102},[66,115388,15428],{"class":106},[66,115390,131],{"class":102},[66,115392,115393],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115394,114493],{"class":3413},[258,115396,115398,115399,44396,115401,115403],{"id":115397},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115400,14715],{},[15,115402,95966],{}," is better",[20,115405,115406,115407,115409],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115408,95966],{}," is usually the better choice.",[57,115411,115413],{"className":59,"code":115412,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115414,115415,115431,115449,115453,115463],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115416,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427,115429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115418,15390],{"class":72},[66,115420,77],{"class":76},[66,115422,10253],{"class":102},[66,115424,113],{"class":80},[66,115426,471],{"class":84},[66,115428,113],{"class":80},[66,115430,9070],{"class":102},[66,115432,115433,115435,115437,115439,115441,115443,115445,115447],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115434,15428],{"class":72},[66,115436,103],{"class":102},[66,115438,81870],{"class":106},[66,115440,110],{"class":102},[66,115442,113],{"class":80},[66,115444,462],{"class":84},[66,115446,113],{"class":80},[66,115448,131],{"class":102},[66,115450,115451],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115452,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115454,115455,115457,115459,115461],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115456,138],{"class":137},[66,115458,110],{"class":102},[66,115460,15428],{"class":106},[66,115462,131],{"class":102},[66,115464,115465],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115466,114653],{"class":3413},[52,115468,1518],{"id":1517},[258,115470,1522,115472,97056],{"id":115471},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115473,97077],{},[20,115475,97059,115476,103],{},[15,115477,3528],{},[258,115479,28094,115480,31994],{"id":31991},[15,115481,14715],{},[20,115483,115484],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[258,115486,4934,115488,798,115490,2228],{"id":115487},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115489,95966],{},[15,115491,14715],{},[20,115493,115494,115496,115497,115499],{},[15,115495,95966],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115498,14715],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[258,115501,115503],{"id":115502},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115505,115506,115507,114502],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115508,14715],{},[258,115510,115512],{"id":115511},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115514,160,115515,10854,115517,103],{},[15,115516,102562],{},[15,115518,14715],{},[52,115520,1620],{"id":1619},[33,115522,115523,115530,115537,115543,115549],{},[36,115524,115525],{},[200,115526,115527],{"href":98263},[15,115528,115529],{},"Python set add() method",[36,115531,115532],{},[200,115533,115534],{"href":102559},[15,115535,115536],{},"Python set union() method",[36,115538,115539],{},[200,115540,115541],{"href":97646},[15,115542,97101],{},[36,115544,115545],{},[200,115546,115547],{"href":98840},[15,115548,100107],{},[36,115550,115551],{},[200,115552,115553,115555],{"href":52367},[15,115554,115322],{}," fix",[20,115557,115558,115559,115561,115562,115564],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115560,95971],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115563,107806],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1651,115566,115567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":115569},[115570,115571,115573,115574,115575,115576,115577,115578,115580,115585,115592,115601],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":113800,"depth":91,"text":115572},"What set.update() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":21733,"depth":91,"text":21734},{"id":114186,"depth":91,"text":114187},{"id":114289,"depth":91,"text":114290},{"id":114496,"depth":91,"text":114497},{"id":114656,"depth":91,"text":115579},"update() vs add()",{"id":114876,"depth":91,"text":115581,"children":115582},"update() vs union()",[115583,115584],{"id":30231,"depth":134,"text":14715},{"id":111032,"depth":134,"text":102562},{"id":115076,"depth":91,"text":115077,"children":115586},[115587,115588,115589,115590],{"id":115084,"depth":134,"text":115085},{"id":115214,"depth":134,"text":115215},{"id":115325,"depth":134,"text":115326},{"id":115397,"depth":134,"text":115591},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":115593},[115594,115596,115597,115599,115600],{"id":115471,"depth":134,"text":115595},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31991,"depth":134,"text":32064},{"id":115487,"depth":134,"text":115598},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115502,"depth":134,"text":115503},{"id":115511,"depth":134,"text":115512},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113712,"description":115602},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115608,"title":115609,"body":115610,"description":117376,"extension":1694,"meta":117377,"navigation":338,"path":13551,"seo":117378,"stem":117379,"__hash__":117380},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115611,"toc":117351},[115612,115615,115618,115621,115632,115640,115643,115645,115794,115806,115810,115827,115831,115839,115841,115852,115854,115951,115957,115960,116056,116065,116070,116074,116079,116081,116091,116093,116202,116210,116214,116217,116220,116237,116243,116323,116326,116330,116333,116337,116340,116399,116402,116406,116409,116501,116505,116508,116615,116619,116625,116653,116655,116737,116747,116751,116754,116765,116768,116853,116856,116861,116865,116868,116879,116882,117024,117027,117031,117034,117048,117051,117112,117118,117120,117123,117145,117148,117248,117251,117283,117285,117289,117292,117294,117297,117301,117304,117308,117311,117315,117318,117320,117348],[10,115613,115609],{"id":115614},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115616,115617],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115619,115620],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[33,115622,115623,115626,115629],{},[36,115624,115625],{},"a list inside another list",[36,115627,115628],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[36,115630,115631],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115633,100029,115634,798,115636,115639],{},[398,115635,12613],{},[398,115637,115638],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115641,115642],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[52,115644,55],{"id":54},[57,115646,115648],{"className":59,"code":115647,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115649,115650,115657,115661,115687,115707,115727,115731,115749,115753,115766,115780],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115651,115652,115654],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115653,34856],{"class":3627},[66,115655,115656],{"class":72}," copy\n",[66,115658,115659],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115660,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115662,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115664,11848],{"class":72},[66,115666,77],{"class":76},[66,115668,56062],{"class":102},[66,115670,2729],{"class":478},[66,115672,121],{"class":102},[66,115674,561],{"class":478},[66,115676,17824],{"class":102},[66,115678,3370],{"class":102},[66,115680,1794],{"class":478},[66,115682,121],{"class":102},[66,115684,2192],{"class":478},[66,115686,53010],{"class":102},[66,115688,115689,115692,115694,115697,115699,115701,115703,115705],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115690,115691],{"class":72},"shallow ",[66,115693,77],{"class":76},[66,115695,115696],{"class":72}," copy",[66,115698,103],{"class":102},[66,115700,12674],{"class":106},[66,115702,110],{"class":102},[66,115704,11895],{"class":106},[66,115706,131],{"class":102},[66,115708,115709,115712,115714,115716,115718,115721,115723,115725],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115710,115711],{"class":72},"deep ",[66,115713,77],{"class":76},[66,115715,115696],{"class":72},[66,115717,103],{"class":102},[66,115719,115720],{"class":106},"deepcopy",[66,115722,110],{"class":102},[66,115724,11895],{"class":106},[66,115726,131],{"class":102},[66,115728,115729],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,115730,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115732,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,115734,11895],{"class":72},[66,115736,3652],{"class":102},[66,115738,1852],{"class":478},[66,115740,13311],{"class":102},[66,115742,13314],{"class":106},[66,115744,110],{"class":102},[66,115746,56115],{"class":478},[66,115748,131],{"class":102},[66,115750,115751],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,115752,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115754,115755,115757,115759,115761,115763],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,115756,138],{"class":137},[66,115758,110],{"class":102},[66,115760,11895],{"class":106},[66,115762,3410],{"class":102},[66,115764,115765],{"class":3413},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[66,115767,115768,115770,115772,115775,115777],{"class":68,"line":6190},[66,115769,138],{"class":137},[66,115771,110],{"class":102},[66,115773,115774],{"class":106},"shallow",[66,115776,3410],{"class":102},[66,115778,115779],{"class":3413},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[66,115781,115782,115784,115786,115789,115791],{"class":68,"line":11358},[66,115783,138],{"class":137},[66,115785,110],{"class":102},[66,115787,115788],{"class":106},"deep",[66,115790,3410],{"class":102},[66,115792,115793],{"class":3413},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115795,160,115796,115799,115800,798,115802,115805],{},[15,115797,115798],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[398,115801,12613],{},[15,115803,115804],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[52,115807,115809],{"id":115808},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[33,115811,115812,115815,115818,115821,115824],{},[36,115813,115814],{},"What a copy means in Python",[36,115816,115817],{},"How shallow copy works",[36,115819,115820],{},"How deep copy works",[36,115822,115823],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[36,115825,115826],{},"When to use each approach",[52,115828,115830],{"id":115829},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115832,14950,115833,115835,115836,115838],{},[398,115834,12613],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[398,115837,4383],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115840,1839],{},[33,115842,115843,115846,115849],{},[36,115844,115845],{},"the outer container is new",[36,115847,115848],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[36,115850,115851],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115853,923],{},[57,115855,115857],{"className":59,"code":115856,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115858,115859,115885,115899,115903,115921,115925,115938],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115860,115861,115863,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115862,11848],{"class":72},[66,115864,77],{"class":76},[66,115866,56062],{"class":102},[66,115868,2729],{"class":478},[66,115870,121],{"class":102},[66,115872,561],{"class":478},[66,115874,17824],{"class":102},[66,115876,3370],{"class":102},[66,115878,1794],{"class":478},[66,115880,121],{"class":102},[66,115882,2192],{"class":478},[66,115884,53010],{"class":102},[66,115886,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115888,14073],{"class":72},[66,115890,77],{"class":76},[66,115892,11923],{"class":72},[66,115894,103],{"class":102},[66,115896,12674],{"class":106},[66,115898,8402],{"class":102},[66,115900,115901],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,115902,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115904,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,115906,14092],{"class":72},[66,115908,103],{"class":102},[66,115910,13314],{"class":106},[66,115912,2726],{"class":102},[66,115914,1869],{"class":478},[66,115916,121],{"class":102},[66,115918,37409],{"class":478},[66,115920,3640],{"class":102},[66,115922,115923],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,115924,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,115926,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,115928,138],{"class":137},[66,115930,110],{"class":102},[66,115932,11895],{"class":106},[66,115934,3410],{"class":102},[66,115936,115937],{"class":3413},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[66,115939,115940,115942,115944,115946,115948],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,115941,138],{"class":137},[66,115943,110],{"class":102},[66,115945,14092],{"class":106},[66,115947,3410],{"class":102},[66,115949,115950],{"class":3413},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115952,115953,115954,115956],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115955,14092],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115958,115959],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[57,115961,115963],{"className":59,"code":115962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115964,115965,115991,116005,116009,116027,116031,116043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115966,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115968,11848],{"class":72},[66,115970,77],{"class":76},[66,115972,56062],{"class":102},[66,115974,2729],{"class":478},[66,115976,121],{"class":102},[66,115978,561],{"class":478},[66,115980,17824],{"class":102},[66,115982,3370],{"class":102},[66,115984,1794],{"class":478},[66,115986,121],{"class":102},[66,115988,2192],{"class":478},[66,115990,53010],{"class":102},[66,115992,115993,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,115994,14073],{"class":72},[66,115996,77],{"class":76},[66,115998,11923],{"class":72},[66,116000,103],{"class":102},[66,116002,12674],{"class":106},[66,116004,8402],{"class":102},[66,116006,116007],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116008,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116010,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116012,14092],{"class":72},[66,116014,3652],{"class":102},[66,116016,1852],{"class":478},[66,116018,13311],{"class":102},[66,116020,13314],{"class":106},[66,116022,110],{"class":102},[66,116024,56115],{"class":478},[66,116026,131],{"class":102},[66,116028,116029],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116030,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116032,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,116034,138],{"class":137},[66,116036,110],{"class":102},[66,116038,11895],{"class":106},[66,116040,3410],{"class":102},[66,116042,115765],{"class":3413},[66,116044,116045,116047,116049,116051,116053],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,116046,138],{"class":137},[66,116048,110],{"class":102},[66,116050,14092],{"class":106},[66,116052,3410],{"class":102},[66,116054,116055],{"class":3413},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116057,116058,116059,798,116061,116064],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116060,56219],{},[15,116062,116063],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116066,116067,116068,103],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[200,116069,43702],{"href":11827},[52,116071,116073],{"id":116072},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116075,14950,116076,116078],{},[398,116077,115638],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116080,1839],{},[33,116082,116083,116085,116088],{},[36,116084,115845],{},[36,116086,116087],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[36,116089,116090],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116092,923],{},[57,116094,116096],{"className":59,"code":116095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116097,116098,116104,116108,116134,116152,116156,116174,116178,116190],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116099,116100,116102],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116101,34856],{"class":3627},[66,116103,115656],{"class":72},[66,116105,116106],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116107,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116109,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116111,11848],{"class":72},[66,116113,77],{"class":76},[66,116115,56062],{"class":102},[66,116117,2729],{"class":478},[66,116119,121],{"class":102},[66,116121,561],{"class":478},[66,116123,17824],{"class":102},[66,116125,3370],{"class":102},[66,116127,1794],{"class":478},[66,116129,121],{"class":102},[66,116131,2192],{"class":478},[66,116133,53010],{"class":102},[66,116135,116136,116138,116140,116142,116144,116146,116148,116150],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116137,14073],{"class":72},[66,116139,77],{"class":76},[66,116141,115696],{"class":72},[66,116143,103],{"class":102},[66,116145,115720],{"class":106},[66,116147,110],{"class":102},[66,116149,11895],{"class":106},[66,116151,131],{"class":102},[66,116153,116154],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116155,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116157,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168,116170,116172],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,116159,14092],{"class":72},[66,116161,3652],{"class":102},[66,116163,1852],{"class":478},[66,116165,13311],{"class":102},[66,116167,13314],{"class":106},[66,116169,110],{"class":102},[66,116171,56115],{"class":478},[66,116173,131],{"class":102},[66,116175,116176],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,116177,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116179,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,116181,138],{"class":137},[66,116183,110],{"class":102},[66,116185,11895],{"class":106},[66,116187,3410],{"class":102},[66,116189,115937],{"class":3413},[66,116191,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,116193,138],{"class":137},[66,116195,110],{"class":102},[66,116197,14092],{"class":106},[66,116199,3410],{"class":102},[66,116201,116055],{"class":3413},[20,116203,116204,116205,116207,116208,103],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116206,116063],{}," does not change ",[15,116209,56219],{},[52,116211,116213],{"id":116212},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116215,116216],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116218,116219],{},"Common reasons:",[33,116221,116222,116225,116228,116234],{},[36,116223,116224],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[36,116226,116227],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[36,116229,116230,116231,116233],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116232,77],{}," does not make a copy",[36,116235,116236],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116238,116239,116240,116242],{},"For example, this does ",[398,116241,4383],{}," create a copy:",[57,116244,116246],{"className":59,"code":116245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116247,116248,116268,116276,116280,116294,116298,116310],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116249,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116251,11848],{"class":72},[66,116253,77],{"class":76},[66,116255,3370],{"class":102},[66,116257,2729],{"class":478},[66,116259,121],{"class":102},[66,116261,561],{"class":478},[66,116263,121],{"class":102},[66,116265,2186],{"class":478},[66,116267,3383],{"class":102},[66,116269,116270,116272,116274],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116271,14073],{"class":72},[66,116273,77],{"class":76},[66,116275,11886],{"class":72},[66,116277,116278],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116279,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116281,116282,116284,116286,116288,116290,116292],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116283,14092],{"class":72},[66,116285,103],{"class":102},[66,116287,13314],{"class":106},[66,116289,110],{"class":102},[66,116291,2241],{"class":478},[66,116293,131],{"class":102},[66,116295,116296],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116297,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116299,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,116301,138],{"class":137},[66,116303,110],{"class":102},[66,116305,11895],{"class":106},[66,116307,3410],{"class":102},[66,116309,55469],{"class":3413},[66,116311,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,116313,138],{"class":137},[66,116315,110],{"class":102},[66,116317,14092],{"class":106},[66,116319,3410],{"class":102},[66,116321,116322],{"class":3413},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116324,116325],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[52,116327,116329],{"id":116328},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116331,116332],{},"These three ideas are different.",[258,116334,116336],{"id":116335},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116338,116339],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[57,116341,116343],{"className":59,"code":116342,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116344,116345,116371,116379,116383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116346,116347,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116348,11848],{"class":72},[66,116350,77],{"class":76},[66,116352,56062],{"class":102},[66,116354,2729],{"class":478},[66,116356,121],{"class":102},[66,116358,561],{"class":478},[66,116360,17824],{"class":102},[66,116362,3370],{"class":102},[66,116364,1794],{"class":478},[66,116366,121],{"class":102},[66,116368,2192],{"class":478},[66,116370,53010],{"class":102},[66,116372,116373,116375,116377],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116374,13864],{"class":72},[66,116376,77],{"class":76},[66,116378,11886],{"class":72},[66,116380,116381],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116382,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116384,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116386,138],{"class":137},[66,116388,110],{"class":102},[66,116390,11848],{"class":106},[66,116392,11956],{"class":3627},[66,116394,13932],{"class":106},[66,116396,3410],{"class":102},[66,116398,3414],{"class":3413},[20,116400,116401],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[258,116403,116405],{"id":116404},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116407,116408],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[57,116410,116412],{"className":59,"code":116411,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116413,116414,116440,116454,116458,116475],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116415,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116417,11848],{"class":72},[66,116419,77],{"class":76},[66,116421,56062],{"class":102},[66,116423,2729],{"class":478},[66,116425,121],{"class":102},[66,116427,561],{"class":478},[66,116429,17824],{"class":102},[66,116431,3370],{"class":102},[66,116433,1794],{"class":478},[66,116435,121],{"class":102},[66,116437,2192],{"class":478},[66,116439,53010],{"class":102},[66,116441,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116443,115691],{"class":72},[66,116445,77],{"class":76},[66,116447,11923],{"class":72},[66,116449,103],{"class":102},[66,116451,12674],{"class":106},[66,116453,8402],{"class":102},[66,116455,116456],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116457,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116459,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116471,116473],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116461,138],{"class":137},[66,116463,110],{"class":102},[66,116465,11848],{"class":106},[66,116467,11956],{"class":3627},[66,116469,116470],{"class":106}," shallow",[66,116472,3410],{"class":102},[66,116474,20964],{"class":3413},[66,116476,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116478,138],{"class":137},[66,116480,110],{"class":102},[66,116482,11895],{"class":106},[66,116484,3652],{"class":102},[66,116486,1852],{"class":478},[66,116488,13034],{"class":102},[66,116490,7854],{"class":3627},[66,116492,116470],{"class":106},[66,116494,3652],{"class":102},[66,116496,1852],{"class":478},[66,116498,20209],{"class":102},[66,116500,3414],{"class":3413},[258,116502,116504],{"id":116503},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116506,116507],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[57,116509,116511],{"className":59,"code":116510,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116512,116513,116519,116523,116549,116567,116571,116589],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116514,116515,116517],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116516,34856],{"class":3627},[66,116518,115656],{"class":72},[66,116520,116521],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116522,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116524,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116526,11848],{"class":72},[66,116528,77],{"class":76},[66,116530,56062],{"class":102},[66,116532,2729],{"class":478},[66,116534,121],{"class":102},[66,116536,561],{"class":478},[66,116538,17824],{"class":102},[66,116540,3370],{"class":102},[66,116542,1794],{"class":478},[66,116544,121],{"class":102},[66,116546,2192],{"class":478},[66,116548,53010],{"class":102},[66,116550,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559,116561,116563,116565],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116552,115711],{"class":72},[66,116554,77],{"class":76},[66,116556,115696],{"class":72},[66,116558,103],{"class":102},[66,116560,115720],{"class":106},[66,116562,110],{"class":102},[66,116564,11895],{"class":106},[66,116566,131],{"class":102},[66,116568,116569],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116570,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116572,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581,116584,116586],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,116574,138],{"class":137},[66,116576,110],{"class":102},[66,116578,11848],{"class":106},[66,116580,11956],{"class":3627},[66,116582,116583],{"class":106}," deep",[66,116585,3410],{"class":102},[66,116587,116588],{"class":3413},"         # False\n",[66,116590,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,116592,138],{"class":137},[66,116594,110],{"class":102},[66,116596,11895],{"class":106},[66,116598,3652],{"class":102},[66,116600,1852],{"class":478},[66,116602,13034],{"class":102},[66,116604,7854],{"class":3627},[66,116606,116583],{"class":106},[66,116608,3652],{"class":102},[66,116610,1852],{"class":478},[66,116612,20209],{"class":102},[66,116614,43638],{"class":3413},[52,116616,116618],{"id":116617},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116620,116621,116622,1111],{},"These all make ",[398,116623,116624],{},"shallow copies",[33,116626,116627,116631,116635,116640,116646],{},[36,116628,116629],{},[15,116630,55369],{},[36,116632,116633],{},[15,116634,12197],{},[36,116636,116637],{},[15,116638,116639],{},"set.copy()",[36,116641,116642,116643],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116644,116645],{},"my_list[:]",[36,116647,116648,116650,116651,34846],{},[15,116649,115798],{}," from the ",[15,116652,12674],{},[20,116654,1858],{},[57,116656,116658],{"className":59,"code":116657,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116659,116660,116680,116684,116698,116709,116713,116725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116661,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116663,3365],{"class":72},[66,116665,77],{"class":76},[66,116667,3370],{"class":102},[66,116669,2729],{"class":478},[66,116671,121],{"class":102},[66,116673,561],{"class":478},[66,116675,121],{"class":102},[66,116677,2186],{"class":478},[66,116679,3383],{"class":102},[66,116681,116682],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116683,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116685,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116687,2291],{"class":72},[66,116689,77],{"class":76},[66,116691,4016],{"class":72},[66,116693,103],{"class":102},[66,116695,12674],{"class":106},[66,116697,8402],{"class":102},[66,116699,116700,116702,116704,116706],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116701,2319],{"class":72},[66,116703,77],{"class":76},[66,116705,4016],{"class":72},[66,116707,116708],{"class":102},"[:]\n",[66,116710,116711],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116712,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116714,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,116716,138],{"class":137},[66,116718,110],{"class":102},[66,116720,200],{"class":106},[66,116722,3410],{"class":102},[66,116724,54700],{"class":3413},[66,116726,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,116728,138],{"class":137},[66,116730,110],{"class":102},[66,116732,4514],{"class":106},[66,116734,3410],{"class":102},[66,116736,54700],{"class":3413},[20,116738,72904,116739,47301,116743,103],{},[200,116740,116741,774],{"href":54728},[15,116742,55369],{},[200,116744,116745,774],{"href":12194},[15,116746,12197],{},[52,116748,116750],{"id":116749},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116752,116753],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[33,116755,116756,116759,116762],{},[36,116757,116758],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[36,116760,116761],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[36,116763,116764],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116766,116767],{},"Example with a flat list:",[57,116769,116771],{"className":59,"code":116770,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116772,116773,116793,116807,116811,116825,116829,116841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116774,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116776,11848],{"class":72},[66,116778,77],{"class":76},[66,116780,3370],{"class":102},[66,116782,2729],{"class":478},[66,116784,121],{"class":102},[66,116786,561],{"class":478},[66,116788,121],{"class":102},[66,116790,2186],{"class":478},[66,116792,3383],{"class":102},[66,116794,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116796,14073],{"class":72},[66,116798,77],{"class":76},[66,116800,11923],{"class":72},[66,116802,103],{"class":102},[66,116804,12674],{"class":106},[66,116806,8402],{"class":102},[66,116808,116809],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116810,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116812,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116814,14092],{"class":72},[66,116816,103],{"class":102},[66,116818,13314],{"class":106},[66,116820,110],{"class":102},[66,116822,2241],{"class":478},[66,116824,131],{"class":102},[66,116826,116827],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116828,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116830,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,116832,138],{"class":137},[66,116834,110],{"class":102},[66,116836,11895],{"class":106},[66,116838,3410],{"class":102},[66,116840,54700],{"class":3413},[66,116842,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,116844,138],{"class":137},[66,116846,110],{"class":102},[66,116848,14092],{"class":106},[66,116850,3410],{"class":102},[66,116852,116322],{"class":3413},[20,116854,116855],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116857,116858,116859,103],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[200,116860,14650],{"href":56988},[52,116862,116864],{"id":116863},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116866,116867],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[33,116869,116870,116873,116876],{},[36,116871,116872],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[36,116874,116875],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[36,116877,116878],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116880,116881],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[57,116883,116885],{"className":59,"code":116884,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116886,116887,116893,116897,116923,116937,116955,116959,116981,116985,116998,117011],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116888,116889,116891],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116890,34856],{"class":3627},[66,116892,115656],{"class":72},[66,116894,116895],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,116896,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,116900,11848],{"class":72},[66,116902,77],{"class":76},[66,116904,10253],{"class":102},[66,116906,113],{"class":80},[66,116908,16151],{"class":84},[66,116910,113],{"class":80},[66,116912,1111],{"class":102},[66,116914,3370],{"class":102},[66,116916,2064],{"class":478},[66,116918,121],{"class":102},[66,116920,7546],{"class":478},[66,116922,13467],{"class":102},[66,116924,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,116926,115691],{"class":72},[66,116928,77],{"class":76},[66,116930,11923],{"class":72},[66,116932,103],{"class":102},[66,116934,12674],{"class":106},[66,116936,8402],{"class":102},[66,116938,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,116940,115711],{"class":72},[66,116942,77],{"class":76},[66,116944,115696],{"class":72},[66,116946,103],{"class":102},[66,116948,115720],{"class":106},[66,116950,110],{"class":102},[66,116952,11895],{"class":106},[66,116954,131],{"class":102},[66,116956,116957],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,116958,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116960,116961,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977,116979],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,116962,11895],{"class":72},[66,116964,3652],{"class":102},[66,116966,113],{"class":80},[66,116968,16151],{"class":84},[66,116970,113],{"class":80},[66,116972,13311],{"class":102},[66,116974,13314],{"class":106},[66,116976,110],{"class":102},[66,116978,36608],{"class":478},[66,116980,131],{"class":102},[66,116982,116983],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,116984,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,116986,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,116988,138],{"class":137},[66,116990,110],{"class":102},[66,116992,11895],{"class":106},[66,116994,3410],{"class":102},[66,116996,116997],{"class":3413},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[66,116999,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008],{"class":68,"line":6190},[66,117001,138],{"class":137},[66,117003,110],{"class":102},[66,117005,115774],{"class":106},[66,117007,3410],{"class":102},[66,117009,117010],{"class":3413},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[66,117012,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021],{"class":68,"line":11358},[66,117014,138],{"class":137},[66,117016,110],{"class":102},[66,117018,115788],{"class":106},[66,117020,3410],{"class":102},[66,117022,117023],{"class":3413},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117025,117026],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[52,117028,117030],{"id":117029},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117032,117033],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[33,117035,117036,117039,117042,117045],{},[36,117037,117038],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[36,117040,117041],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[36,117043,117044],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[36,117046,117047],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117049,117050],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[57,117052,117054],{"className":59,"code":117053,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117055,117056,117064,117072,117076,117084,117088,117100],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117057,117058,117060,117062],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117059,2291],{"class":72},[66,117061,77],{"class":76},[66,117063,2324],{"class":478},[66,117065,117066,117068,117070],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117067,2319],{"class":72},[66,117069,77],{"class":76},[66,117071,35942],{"class":72},[66,117073,117074],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,117075,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,117077,117078,117080,117082],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,117079,2319],{"class":72},[66,117081,77],{"class":76},[66,117083,14376],{"class":478},[66,117085,117086],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,117087,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,117089,117090,117092,117094,117096,117098],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,117091,138],{"class":137},[66,117093,110],{"class":102},[66,117095,200],{"class":106},[66,117097,3410],{"class":102},[66,117099,26560],{"class":3413},[66,117101,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,117103,138],{"class":137},[66,117105,110],{"class":102},[66,117107,4514],{"class":106},[66,117109,3410],{"class":102},[66,117111,27381],{"class":3413},[20,117113,93271,117114,117117],{},[200,117115,117116],{"href":11827},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[52,117119,2568],{"id":2567},[20,117121,117122],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[33,117124,117125,117129,117134,117139,117142],{},[36,117126,8176,117127,56552],{},[15,117128,77],{},[36,117130,8176,117131,117133],{},[15,117132,55369],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[36,117135,8176,117136,117138],{},[15,117137,12197],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[36,117140,117141],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[36,117143,117144],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117146,117147],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[57,117149,117151],{"className":59,"code":117150,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117152,117153,117167,117181,117203,117234],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117154,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117156,138],{"class":137},[66,117158,110],{"class":102},[66,117160,11848],{"class":106},[66,117162,11956],{"class":3627},[66,117164,14146],{"class":106},[66,117166,131],{"class":102},[66,117168,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177,117179],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117170,138],{"class":137},[66,117172,110],{"class":102},[66,117174,11848],{"class":106},[66,117176,4441],{"class":76},[66,117178,14146],{"class":106},[66,117180,131],{"class":102},[66,117182,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,117184,138],{"class":137},[66,117186,110],{"class":102},[66,117188,12412],{"class":137},[66,117190,110],{"class":102},[66,117192,11895],{"class":106},[66,117194,8994],{"class":102},[66,117196,14578],{"class":137},[66,117198,110],{"class":102},[66,117200,14092],{"class":106},[66,117202,1330],{"class":102},[66,117204,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230,117232],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,117206,138],{"class":137},[66,117208,110],{"class":102},[66,117210,12412],{"class":137},[66,117212,110],{"class":102},[66,117214,11895],{"class":106},[66,117216,3652],{"class":102},[66,117218,1852],{"class":478},[66,117220,117221],{"class":102},"]),",[66,117223,14578],{"class":137},[66,117225,110],{"class":102},[66,117227,14092],{"class":106},[66,117229,3652],{"class":102},[66,117231,1852],{"class":478},[66,117233,2740],{"class":102},[66,117235,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244,117246],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,117237,138],{"class":137},[66,117239,110],{"class":102},[66,117241,2964],{"class":2641},[66,117243,110],{"class":102},[66,117245,11895],{"class":106},[66,117247,1330],{"class":102},[20,117249,117250],{},"What they tell you:",[33,117252,117253,117258,117263,117268,117278],{},[36,117254,117255,117257],{},[15,117256,11956],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[36,117259,117260,117262],{},[15,117261,4441],{}," checks whether values are equal",[36,117264,117265,117267],{},[15,117266,43254],{}," shows the identity of an object",[36,117269,117270,117271,798,117274,117277],{},"comparing ",[15,117272,117273],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117275,117276],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[36,117279,117280,117282],{},[15,117281,2035],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[52,117284,1518],{"id":1517},[258,117286,117288],{"id":117287},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117290,117291],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[258,117293,57038],{"id":56953},[20,117295,117296],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[258,117298,117300],{"id":117299},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117302,117303],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[258,117305,117307],{"id":117306},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117309,117310],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[258,117312,117314],{"id":117313},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117316,117317],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[52,117319,1620],{"id":1619},[33,117321,117322,117327,117333,117339,117343],{},[36,117323,117324],{},[200,117325,117326],{"href":11827},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[36,117328,117329],{},[200,117330,3321,117331,774],{"href":54728},[15,117332,55369],{},[36,117334,117335],{},[200,117336,3321,117337,774],{"href":12194},[15,117338,12197],{},[36,117340,117341],{},[200,117342,14726],{"href":56988},[36,117344,117345],{},[200,117346,117347],{"href":58262},"What is a list in Python?",[1651,117349,117350],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":117352},[117353,117354,117355,117356,117357,117358,117363,117364,117365,117366,117367,117368,117375],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":115808,"depth":91,"text":115809},{"id":115829,"depth":91,"text":115830},{"id":116072,"depth":91,"text":116073},{"id":116212,"depth":91,"text":116213},{"id":116328,"depth":91,"text":116329,"children":117359},[117360,117361,117362],{"id":116335,"depth":134,"text":116336},{"id":116404,"depth":134,"text":116405},{"id":116503,"depth":134,"text":116504},{"id":116617,"depth":91,"text":116618},{"id":116749,"depth":91,"text":116750},{"id":116863,"depth":91,"text":116864},{"id":117029,"depth":91,"text":117030},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":117369},[117370,117371,117372,117373,117374],{"id":117287,"depth":134,"text":117288},{"id":56953,"depth":134,"text":57038},{"id":117299,"depth":134,"text":117300},{"id":117306,"depth":134,"text":117307},{"id":117313,"depth":134,"text":117314},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115609,"description":117376},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117382,"title":117383,"body":117384,"description":119241,"extension":1694,"meta":119242,"navigation":338,"path":119243,"seo":119244,"stem":119245,"__hash__":119246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117385,"toc":119199},[117386,117391,117396,117404,117406,117474,117479,117484,117499,117502,117504,117535,117537,117557,117560,117575,117577,117580,117653,117655,117700,117702,117713,117718,117722,117727,117730,117769,117771,117791,117794,117851,117853,117888,117891,117930,117932,117952,117955,117986,117988,118044,118046,118051,118122,118124,118157,118162,118167,118232,118234,118271,118274,118351,118353,118413,118420,118425,118428,118431,118512,118514,118555,118560,118563,118641,118643,118676,118685,118692,118695,118706,118709,118720,118724,118732,118741,118745,118750,118754,118759,118802,118805,118811,118814,118816,118863,118868,118872,118875,118924,118926,118947,118950,118952,118977,118980,119101,119106,119108,119113,119116,119121,119124,119132,119137,119144,119147,119155,119158,119160,119196],[10,117387,3321,117389,3325],{"id":117388},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117390,74188],{},[20,117392,117393,117395],{},[15,117394,74188],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117397,117398,117399,1923,117401,117403],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117400,77631],{},[15,117402,74188],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[52,117405,3355],{"id":3354},[57,117407,117409],{"className":59,"code":117408,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117410,117411,117431,117445,117449,117461],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117412,117413,117415,117417,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427,117429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117414,3365],{"class":72},[66,117416,77],{"class":76},[66,117418,3370],{"class":102},[66,117420,1794],{"class":478},[66,117422,121],{"class":102},[66,117424,479],{"class":478},[66,117426,121],{"class":102},[66,117428,561],{"class":478},[66,117430,3383],{"class":102},[66,117432,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117434,447],{"class":72},[66,117436,77],{"class":76},[66,117438,74322],{"class":137},[66,117440,110],{"class":102},[66,117442,3397],{"class":106},[66,117444,131],{"class":102},[66,117446,117447],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,117448,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,117450,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,117452,138],{"class":137},[66,117454,110],{"class":102},[66,117456,494],{"class":106},[66,117458,3410],{"class":102},[66,117460,55456],{"class":3413},[66,117462,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,117464,138],{"class":137},[66,117466,110],{"class":102},[66,117468,3397],{"class":106},[66,117470,3410],{"class":102},[66,117472,117473],{"class":3413},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117475,117476,117478],{},[15,117477,74188],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[52,117480,168,117482,41],{"id":117481},"what-sorted-does",[15,117483,74188],{},[33,117485,117486,117490,117493,117496],{},[36,117487,117488,62690],{},[15,117489,74188],{},[36,117491,117492],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,117494,117495],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[36,117497,117498],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117500,117501],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[52,117503,1891],{"id":1890},[57,117505,117507],{"className":59,"code":117506,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117508,117509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117510,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117512,74278],{"class":137},[66,117514,110],{"class":102},[66,117516,3470],{"class":106},[66,117518,121],{"class":102},[66,117520,21343],{"class":8936},[66,117522,77],{"class":76},[66,117524,3528],{"class":3602},[66,117526,121],{"class":102},[66,117528,77834],{"class":8936},[66,117530,77],{"class":76},[66,117532,3424],{"class":3602},[66,117534,131],{"class":102},[258,117536,261],{"id":260},[33,117538,117539,117544,117549],{},[36,117540,117541,117543],{},[15,117542,3470],{},": the values to sort",[36,117545,117546,117548],{},[15,117547,14603],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[36,117550,117551,117553,117554,117556],{},[15,117552,73341],{},": set to ",[15,117555,3350],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117558,117559],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[57,117561,117563],{"className":59,"code":117562,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117564,117565],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117568,74278],{"class":137},[66,117570,110],{"class":102},[66,117572,60076],{"class":106},[66,117574,131],{"class":102},[52,117576,11238],{"id":11237},[20,117578,117579],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[57,117581,117583],{"className":59,"code":117582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117584,117585,117609,117613,117628,117632,117643],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117586,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117588,3365],{"class":72},[66,117590,77],{"class":76},[66,117592,3370],{"class":102},[66,117594,1869],{"class":478},[66,117596,121],{"class":102},[66,117598,561],{"class":478},[66,117600,121],{"class":102},[66,117602,6112],{"class":478},[66,117604,121],{"class":102},[66,117606,479],{"class":478},[66,117608,3383],{"class":102},[66,117610,117611],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117612,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,117614,117615,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,117616,117617],{"class":72},"sorted_numbers ",[66,117619,77],{"class":76},[66,117621,74322],{"class":137},[66,117623,110],{"class":102},[66,117625,3397],{"class":106},[66,117627,131],{"class":102},[66,117629,117630],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,117631,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,117633,117634,117636,117638,117641],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,117635,138],{"class":137},[66,117637,110],{"class":102},[66,117639,117640],{"class":106},"sorted_numbers",[66,117642,131],{"class":102},[66,117644,117645,117647,117649,117651],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,117646,138],{"class":137},[66,117648,110],{"class":102},[66,117650,3397],{"class":106},[66,117652,131],{"class":102},[20,117654,148],{},[57,117656,117658],{"className":59,"code":117657,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117659,117660,117680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117661,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117663,3652],{"class":102},[66,117665,2729],{"class":478},[66,117667,121],{"class":102},[66,117669,561],{"class":478},[66,117671,121],{"class":102},[66,117673,4357],{"class":478},[66,117675,121],{"class":102},[66,117677,6112],{"class":478},[66,117679,3383],{"class":102},[66,117681,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117683,3652],{"class":102},[66,117685,1869],{"class":478},[66,117687,121],{"class":102},[66,117689,561],{"class":478},[66,117691,121],{"class":102},[66,117693,6112],{"class":478},[66,117695,121],{"class":102},[66,117697,479],{"class":478},[66,117699,3383],{"class":102},[20,117701,13524],{},[33,117703,117704,117709],{},[36,117705,117706,117708],{},[15,117707,117640],{}," is a new sorted list",[36,117710,117711,112246],{},[15,117712,3397],{},[20,117714,117715,117716,103],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[200,117717,78141],{"href":78140},[52,117719,117721],{"id":117720},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117723,117724,117726],{},[15,117725,74188],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[258,117728,117729],{"id":7851},"List",[57,117731,117733],{"className":59,"code":117732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117734,117735,117755],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117736,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117738,3365],{"class":72},[66,117740,77],{"class":76},[66,117742,3370],{"class":102},[66,117744,1794],{"class":478},[66,117746,121],{"class":102},[66,117748,479],{"class":478},[66,117750,121],{"class":102},[66,117752,561],{"class":478},[66,117754,3383],{"class":102},[66,117756,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117758,138],{"class":137},[66,117760,110],{"class":102},[66,117762,74278],{"class":137},[66,117764,110],{"class":102},[66,117766,3397],{"class":106},[66,117768,1330],{"class":102},[20,117770,148],{},[57,117772,117773],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,117774,117775],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117776,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117778,3652],{"class":102},[66,117780,2729],{"class":478},[66,117782,121],{"class":102},[66,117784,561],{"class":478},[66,117786,121],{"class":102},[66,117788,2186],{"class":478},[66,117790,3383],{"class":102},[258,117792,117793],{"id":48721},"Tuple",[57,117795,117797],{"className":59,"code":117796,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117798,117799,117819,117833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117800,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117802,3573],{"class":72},[66,117804,77],{"class":76},[66,117806,8997],{"class":102},[66,117808,1794],{"class":478},[66,117810,121],{"class":102},[66,117812,479],{"class":478},[66,117814,121],{"class":102},[66,117816,561],{"class":478},[66,117818,131],{"class":102},[66,117820,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117822,138],{"class":137},[66,117824,110],{"class":102},[66,117826,74278],{"class":137},[66,117828,110],{"class":102},[66,117830,5114],{"class":106},[66,117832,1330],{"class":102},[66,117834,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,117836,138],{"class":137},[66,117838,110],{"class":102},[66,117840,2964],{"class":2641},[66,117842,110],{"class":102},[66,117844,74278],{"class":137},[66,117846,110],{"class":102},[66,117848,5114],{"class":106},[66,117850,2652],{"class":102},[20,117852,148],{},[57,117854,117856],{"className":59,"code":117855,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117857,117858,117874],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117859,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117861,3652],{"class":102},[66,117863,2729],{"class":478},[66,117865,121],{"class":102},[66,117867,561],{"class":478},[66,117869,121],{"class":102},[66,117871,2186],{"class":478},[66,117873,3383],{"class":102},[66,117875,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117877,3033],{"class":76},[66,117879,3036],{"class":1797},[66,117881,3039],{"class":80},[66,117883,7851],{"class":84},[66,117885,3044],{"class":80},[66,117887,3047],{"class":76},[258,117889,117890],{"id":6039},"Set",[57,117892,117894],{"className":59,"code":117893,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117895,117896,117916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117897,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117899,3573],{"class":72},[66,117901,77],{"class":76},[66,117903,10253],{"class":102},[66,117905,1794],{"class":478},[66,117907,121],{"class":102},[66,117909,479],{"class":478},[66,117911,121],{"class":102},[66,117913,561],{"class":478},[66,117915,9070],{"class":102},[66,117917,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117919,138],{"class":137},[66,117921,110],{"class":102},[66,117923,74278],{"class":137},[66,117925,110],{"class":102},[66,117927,5114],{"class":106},[66,117929,1330],{"class":102},[20,117931,148],{},[57,117933,117934],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,117935,117936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117937,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117939,3652],{"class":102},[66,117941,2729],{"class":478},[66,117943,121],{"class":102},[66,117945,561],{"class":478},[66,117947,121],{"class":102},[66,117949,2186],{"class":478},[66,117951,3383],{"class":102},[258,117953,117954],{"id":217},"String",[57,117956,117958],{"className":59,"code":117957,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117959,117960,117972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117961,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117963,73],{"class":72},[66,117965,77],{"class":76},[66,117967,81],{"class":80},[66,117969,61],{"class":84},[66,117971,88],{"class":80},[66,117973,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,117975,138],{"class":137},[66,117977,110],{"class":102},[66,117979,74278],{"class":137},[66,117981,110],{"class":102},[66,117983,349],{"class":106},[66,117985,1330],{"class":102},[20,117987,148],{},[57,117989,117990],{"className":59,"code":79158,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,117991,117992],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117993,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117995,3652],{"class":102},[66,117997,3044],{"class":80},[66,117999,60206],{"class":84},[66,118001,3044],{"class":80},[66,118003,121],{"class":102},[66,118005,3039],{"class":80},[66,118007,75794],{"class":84},[66,118009,3044],{"class":80},[66,118011,121],{"class":102},[66,118013,3039],{"class":80},[66,118015,656],{"class":84},[66,118017,3044],{"class":80},[66,118019,121],{"class":102},[66,118021,3039],{"class":80},[66,118023,20],{"class":84},[66,118025,3044],{"class":80},[66,118027,121],{"class":102},[66,118029,3039],{"class":80},[66,118031,63051],{"class":84},[66,118033,3044],{"class":80},[66,118035,121],{"class":102},[66,118037,3039],{"class":80},[66,118039,969],{"class":84},[66,118041,3044],{"class":80},[66,118043,3383],{"class":102},[258,118045,28989],{"id":15366},[20,118047,63304,118048,118050],{},[15,118049,74188],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[57,118052,118054],{"className":59,"code":118053,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118055,118056,118108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118057,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118059,12965],{"class":72},[66,118061,77],{"class":76},[66,118063,10253],{"class":102},[66,118065,113],{"class":80},[66,118067,7423],{"class":84},[66,118069,113],{"class":80},[66,118071,1111],{"class":102},[66,118073,81],{"class":80},[66,118075,12643],{"class":84},[66,118077,113],{"class":80},[66,118079,121],{"class":102},[66,118081,81],{"class":80},[66,118083,9060],{"class":84},[66,118085,113],{"class":80},[66,118087,1111],{"class":102},[66,118089,7546],{"class":478},[66,118091,121],{"class":102},[66,118093,81],{"class":80},[66,118095,10171],{"class":84},[66,118097,113],{"class":80},[66,118099,1111],{"class":102},[66,118101,81],{"class":80},[66,118103,15793],{"class":84},[66,118105,113],{"class":80},[66,118107,9070],{"class":102},[66,118109,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118111,138],{"class":137},[66,118113,110],{"class":102},[66,118115,74278],{"class":137},[66,118117,110],{"class":102},[66,118119,17070],{"class":106},[66,118121,1330],{"class":102},[20,118123,148],{},[57,118125,118127],{"className":59,"code":118126,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118128,118129],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118130,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118132,3652],{"class":102},[66,118134,3044],{"class":80},[66,118136,9060],{"class":84},[66,118138,3044],{"class":80},[66,118140,121],{"class":102},[66,118142,3039],{"class":80},[66,118144,10171],{"class":84},[66,118146,3044],{"class":80},[66,118148,121],{"class":102},[66,118150,3039],{"class":80},[66,118152,7423],{"class":84},[66,118154,3044],{"class":80},[66,118156,3383],{"class":102},[52,118158,8176,118160],{"id":118159},"using-reversetrue",[15,118161,77855],{},[20,118163,160,118164,118166],{},[15,118165,77855],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[57,118168,118170],{"className":59,"code":118169,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118171,118172,118192,118196,118210],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118173,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118175,3365],{"class":72},[66,118177,77],{"class":76},[66,118179,3370],{"class":102},[66,118181,1794],{"class":478},[66,118183,121],{"class":102},[66,118185,479],{"class":478},[66,118187,121],{"class":102},[66,118189,561],{"class":478},[66,118191,3383],{"class":102},[66,118193,118194],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118195,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,118197,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,118199,138],{"class":137},[66,118201,110],{"class":102},[66,118203,74278],{"class":137},[66,118205,110],{"class":102},[66,118207,3397],{"class":106},[66,118209,1330],{"class":102},[66,118211,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,118213,138],{"class":137},[66,118215,110],{"class":102},[66,118217,74278],{"class":137},[66,118219,110],{"class":102},[66,118221,3397],{"class":106},[66,118223,121],{"class":102},[66,118225,77834],{"class":8936},[66,118227,77],{"class":76},[66,118229,3350],{"class":3602},[66,118231,1330],{"class":102},[20,118233,148],{},[57,118235,118237],{"className":59,"code":118236,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118238,118239,118255],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118240,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118242,3652],{"class":102},[66,118244,2729],{"class":478},[66,118246,121],{"class":102},[66,118248,561],{"class":478},[66,118250,121],{"class":102},[66,118252,2186],{"class":478},[66,118254,3383],{"class":102},[66,118256,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118258,3652],{"class":102},[66,118260,1794],{"class":478},[66,118262,121],{"class":102},[66,118264,561],{"class":478},[66,118266,121],{"class":102},[66,118268,479],{"class":478},[66,118270,3383],{"class":102},[20,118272,118273],{},"This also works with strings:",[57,118275,118277],{"className":59,"code":118276,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118278,118279,118311,118315,118329],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118280,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118282,3823],{"class":72},[66,118284,77],{"class":76},[66,118286,3370],{"class":102},[66,118288,113],{"class":80},[66,118290,3832],{"class":84},[66,118292,113],{"class":80},[66,118294,121],{"class":102},[66,118296,81],{"class":80},[66,118298,627],{"class":84},[66,118300,113],{"class":80},[66,118302,121],{"class":102},[66,118304,81],{"class":80},[66,118306,3849],{"class":84},[66,118308,113],{"class":80},[66,118310,3383],{"class":102},[66,118312,118313],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118314,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,118316,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,118318,138],{"class":137},[66,118320,110],{"class":102},[66,118322,74278],{"class":137},[66,118324,110],{"class":102},[66,118326,3866],{"class":106},[66,118328,1330],{"class":102},[66,118330,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,118332,138],{"class":137},[66,118334,110],{"class":102},[66,118336,74278],{"class":137},[66,118338,110],{"class":102},[66,118340,3866],{"class":106},[66,118342,121],{"class":102},[66,118344,77834],{"class":8936},[66,118346,77],{"class":76},[66,118348,3350],{"class":3602},[66,118350,1330],{"class":102},[20,118352,148],{},[57,118354,118355],{"className":59,"code":73922,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,118356,118357,118385],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118358,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118360,3652],{"class":102},[66,118362,3044],{"class":80},[66,118364,3832],{"class":84},[66,118366,3044],{"class":80},[66,118368,121],{"class":102},[66,118370,3039],{"class":80},[66,118372,627],{"class":84},[66,118374,3044],{"class":80},[66,118376,121],{"class":102},[66,118378,3039],{"class":80},[66,118380,3849],{"class":84},[66,118382,3044],{"class":80},[66,118384,3383],{"class":102},[66,118386,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118388,3652],{"class":102},[66,118390,3044],{"class":80},[66,118392,3849],{"class":84},[66,118394,3044],{"class":80},[66,118396,121],{"class":102},[66,118398,3039],{"class":80},[66,118400,627],{"class":84},[66,118402,3044],{"class":80},[66,118404,121],{"class":102},[66,118406,3039],{"class":80},[66,118408,3832],{"class":84},[66,118410,3044],{"class":80},[66,118412,3383],{"class":102},[52,118414,8176,118416,118419],{"id":118415},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118417,118418],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118421,1711,118422,118424],{},[15,118423,118418],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118426,118427],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118429,118430],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[57,118432,118434],{"className":59,"code":118433,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118435,118436,118476,118480,118502],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118437,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118439,3823],{"class":72},[66,118441,77],{"class":76},[66,118443,3370],{"class":102},[66,118445,113],{"class":80},[66,118447,78508],{"class":84},[66,118449,113],{"class":80},[66,118451,121],{"class":102},[66,118453,81],{"class":80},[66,118455,38124],{"class":84},[66,118457,113],{"class":80},[66,118459,121],{"class":102},[66,118461,81],{"class":80},[66,118463,627],{"class":84},[66,118465,113],{"class":80},[66,118467,121],{"class":102},[66,118469,81],{"class":80},[66,118471,38107],{"class":84},[66,118473,113],{"class":80},[66,118475,3383],{"class":102},[66,118477,118478],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118479,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,118481,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,118483,447],{"class":72},[66,118485,77],{"class":76},[66,118487,74322],{"class":137},[66,118489,110],{"class":102},[66,118491,3866],{"class":106},[66,118493,121],{"class":102},[66,118495,21343],{"class":8936},[66,118497,77],{"class":76},[66,118499,10924],{"class":137},[66,118501,131],{"class":102},[66,118503,118504,118506,118508,118510],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,118505,138],{"class":137},[66,118507,110],{"class":102},[66,118509,494],{"class":106},[66,118511,131],{"class":102},[20,118513,148],{},[57,118515,118517],{"className":59,"code":118516,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118518,118519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118520,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118522,3652],{"class":102},[66,118524,3044],{"class":80},[66,118526,38124],{"class":84},[66,118528,3044],{"class":80},[66,118530,121],{"class":102},[66,118532,3039],{"class":80},[66,118534,78508],{"class":84},[66,118536,3044],{"class":80},[66,118538,121],{"class":102},[66,118540,3039],{"class":80},[66,118542,38107],{"class":84},[66,118544,3044],{"class":80},[66,118546,121],{"class":102},[66,118548,3039],{"class":80},[66,118550,627],{"class":84},[66,118552,3044],{"class":80},[66,118554,3383],{"class":102},[20,118556,20534,118557,118559],{},[15,118558,10924],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118561,118562],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[57,118564,118566],{"className":59,"code":118565,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118567,118568,118601,118605,118631],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118569,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118597,118599],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118571,3823],{"class":72},[66,118573,77],{"class":76},[66,118575,3370],{"class":102},[66,118577,113],{"class":80},[66,118579,83127],{"class":84},[66,118581,113],{"class":80},[66,118583,121],{"class":102},[66,118585,81],{"class":80},[66,118587,3832],{"class":84},[66,118589,113],{"class":80},[66,118591,121],{"class":102},[66,118593,81],{"class":80},[66,118595,118596],{"class":84},"Cherry",[66,118598,113],{"class":80},[66,118600,3383],{"class":102},[66,118602,118603],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118604,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,118606,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,118608,447],{"class":72},[66,118610,77],{"class":76},[66,118612,74322],{"class":137},[66,118614,110],{"class":102},[66,118616,3866],{"class":106},[66,118618,121],{"class":102},[66,118620,21343],{"class":8936},[66,118622,77],{"class":76},[66,118624,3188],{"class":2641},[66,118626,103],{"class":102},[66,118628,8399],{"class":24515},[66,118630,131],{"class":102},[66,118632,118633,118635,118637,118639],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,118634,138],{"class":137},[66,118636,110],{"class":102},[66,118638,494],{"class":106},[66,118640,131],{"class":102},[20,118642,148],{},[57,118644,118646],{"className":59,"code":118645,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118647,118648],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118649,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118651,3652],{"class":102},[66,118653,3044],{"class":80},[66,118655,3832],{"class":84},[66,118657,3044],{"class":80},[66,118659,121],{"class":102},[66,118661,3039],{"class":80},[66,118663,83127],{"class":84},[66,118665,3044],{"class":80},[66,118667,121],{"class":102},[66,118669,3039],{"class":80},[66,118671,118596],{"class":84},[66,118673,3044],{"class":80},[66,118675,3383],{"class":102},[20,118677,118678,118679,35095,118681,103],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118680,42127],{},[200,118682,3321,118683,3254],{"href":42124},[15,118684,42127],{},[52,118686,118688,10348,118690],{"id":118687},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118689,74188],{},[15,118691,77631],{},[20,118693,118694],{},"The main difference is this:",[33,118696,118697,118702],{},[36,118698,118699,118701],{},[15,118700,74188],{}," returns a new list",[36,118703,118704,73726],{},[15,118705,77631],{},[20,118707,118708],{},"Also:",[33,118710,118711,118716],{},[36,118712,118713,118715],{},[15,118714,74188],{}," works with many iterables",[36,118717,118718,79064],{},[15,118719,77631],{},[20,118721,160,118722,10364],{},[15,118723,74188],{},[33,118725,118726,118729],{},[36,118727,118728],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[36,118730,118731],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118733,118734,118735,103],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[200,118736,3321,118737,10348,118739,5537],{"href":78889},[15,118738,74188],{},[15,118740,77631],{},[52,118742,118744],{"id":118743},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118746,118747,118748,103],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118749,74188],{},[258,118751,118753],{"id":118752},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118755,118756,118757,1111],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118758,2746],{},[57,118760,118762],{"className":59,"code":118761,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118763,118764,118788],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118765,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118767,3573],{"class":72},[66,118769,77],{"class":76},[66,118771,3370],{"class":102},[66,118773,2729],{"class":478},[66,118775,121],{"class":102},[66,118777,81],{"class":80},[66,118779,1788],{"class":84},[66,118781,113],{"class":80},[66,118783,121],{"class":102},[66,118785,2186],{"class":478},[66,118787,3383],{"class":102},[66,118789,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118791,138],{"class":137},[66,118793,110],{"class":102},[66,118795,74278],{"class":137},[66,118797,110],{"class":102},[66,118799,5114],{"class":106},[66,118801,1330],{"class":102},[20,118803,118804],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[258,118806,118808,118809,2036],{"id":118807},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118810,14603],{},[20,118812,118813],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118815,923],{},[57,118817,118819],{"className":59,"code":118818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118820,118821,118841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118822,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118824,3365],{"class":72},[66,118826,77],{"class":76},[66,118828,3370],{"class":102},[66,118830,2064],{"class":478},[66,118832,121],{"class":102},[66,118834,561],{"class":478},[66,118836,121],{"class":102},[66,118838,7551],{"class":478},[66,118840,3383],{"class":102},[66,118842,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118844,138],{"class":137},[66,118846,110],{"class":102},[66,118848,74278],{"class":137},[66,118850,110],{"class":102},[66,118852,3397],{"class":106},[66,118854,121],{"class":102},[66,118856,21343],{"class":8936},[66,118858,77],{"class":76},[66,118860,10924],{"class":137},[66,118862,1330],{"class":102},[20,118864,48278,118865,118867],{},[15,118866,42127],{}," does not work on integers.",[258,118869,118871],{"id":118870},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118873,118874],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[57,118876,118878],{"className":59,"code":118877,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118879,118880,118900,118910,118914],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118881,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118883,3365],{"class":72},[66,118885,77],{"class":76},[66,118887,3370],{"class":102},[66,118889,1794],{"class":478},[66,118891,121],{"class":102},[66,118893,479],{"class":478},[66,118895,121],{"class":102},[66,118897,561],{"class":478},[66,118899,3383],{"class":102},[66,118901,118902,118904,118906,118908],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,118903,74278],{"class":137},[66,118905,110],{"class":102},[66,118907,3397],{"class":106},[66,118909,131],{"class":102},[66,118911,118912],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,118913,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,118915,118916,118918,118920,118922],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,118917,138],{"class":137},[66,118919,110],{"class":102},[66,118921,3397],{"class":106},[66,118923,131],{"class":102},[20,118925,148],{},[57,118927,118929],{"className":59,"code":118928,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118930,118931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118932,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118934,3652],{"class":102},[66,118936,1794],{"class":478},[66,118938,121],{"class":102},[66,118940,479],{"class":478},[66,118942,121],{"class":102},[66,118944,561],{"class":478},[66,118946,3383],{"class":102},[20,118948,118949],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[52,118951,2568],{"id":2567},[33,118953,118954,118958,118961,118966,118970],{},[36,118955,4331,118956,73726],{},[15,118957,74188],{},[36,118959,118960],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[36,118962,4457,118963,118965],{},[15,118964,74188],{}," always returns a list",[36,118967,8176,118968,22868],{},[15,118969,118418],{},[36,118971,29416,118972,118974,118975],{},[15,118973,64076],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118976,74188],{},[20,118978,118979],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[57,118981,118983],{"className":59,"code":118982,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118984,118985,119007,119033,119071],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118986,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118988,138],{"class":137},[66,118990,110],{"class":102},[66,118992,74278],{"class":137},[66,118994,2726],{"class":102},[66,118996,1794],{"class":478},[66,118998,121],{"class":102},[66,119000,479],{"class":478},[66,119002,121],{"class":102},[66,119004,561],{"class":478},[66,119006,2740],{"class":102},[66,119008,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,119010,138],{"class":137},[66,119012,110],{"class":102},[66,119014,2964],{"class":2641},[66,119016,110],{"class":102},[66,119018,74278],{"class":137},[66,119020,5264],{"class":102},[66,119022,1794],{"class":478},[66,119024,121],{"class":102},[66,119026,479],{"class":478},[66,119028,121],{"class":102},[66,119030,561],{"class":478},[66,119032,93127],{"class":102},[66,119034,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,119036,138],{"class":137},[66,119038,110],{"class":102},[66,119040,74278],{"class":137},[66,119042,2726],{"class":102},[66,119044,3044],{"class":80},[66,119046,83127],{"class":84},[66,119048,3044],{"class":80},[66,119050,121],{"class":102},[66,119052,3039],{"class":80},[66,119054,3832],{"class":84},[66,119056,3044],{"class":80},[66,119058,17824],{"class":102},[66,119060,21343],{"class":8936},[66,119062,77],{"class":76},[66,119064,3188],{"class":2641},[66,119066,103],{"class":102},[66,119068,8399],{"class":24515},[66,119070,1330],{"class":102},[66,119072,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097,119099],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,119074,138],{"class":137},[66,119076,110],{"class":102},[66,119078,74278],{"class":137},[66,119080,2726],{"class":102},[66,119082,1794],{"class":478},[66,119084,121],{"class":102},[66,119086,479],{"class":478},[66,119088,121],{"class":102},[66,119090,561],{"class":478},[66,119092,17824],{"class":102},[66,119094,77834],{"class":8936},[66,119096,77],{"class":76},[66,119098,3350],{"class":3602},[66,119100,1330],{"class":102},[20,119102,119103,119104,103],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[200,119105,52539],{"href":50746},[52,119107,1518],{"id":1517},[258,119109,1522,119111,56932],{"id":119110},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119112,74188],{},[20,119114,119115],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[258,119117,4897,119119,12478],{"id":119118},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119120,74188],{},[20,119122,119123],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[258,119125,119127,119128,10854,119130,2228],{"id":119126},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119129,74188],{},[15,119131,77631],{},[20,119133,160,119134,119136],{},[15,119135,74188],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[258,119138,4897,119140,86215,119142,2228],{"id":119139},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119141,118418],{},[15,119143,74188],{},[20,119145,119146],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[258,119148,4913,119150,119152,119153,2228],{"id":119149},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119151,74188],{}," give a ",[15,119154,2746],{},[20,119156,119157],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[52,119159,1620],{"id":1619},[33,119161,119162,119166,119174,119178,119184,119190],{},[36,119163,119164],{},[200,119165,79637],{"href":78140},[36,119167,119168],{},[200,119169,3321,119170,10348,119172,5537],{"href":78889},[15,119171,74188],{},[15,119173,77631],{},[36,119175,119176],{},[200,119177,52539],{"href":50746},[36,119179,119180],{},[200,119181,3321,119182,3254],{"href":42124},[15,119183,42127],{},[36,119185,119186],{},[200,119187,3321,119188,3254],{"href":91783},[15,119189,35515],{},[36,119191,119192],{},[200,119193,3321,119194,3254],{"href":35962},[15,119195,35965],{},[1651,119197,119198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":119200},[119201,119202,119204,119207,119208,119215,119217,119219,119221,119227,119228,119240],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":117481,"depth":91,"text":119203},"What sorted() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":119205},[119206],{"id":260,"depth":134,"text":261},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":117720,"depth":91,"text":117721,"children":119209},[119210,119211,119212,119213,119214],{"id":7851,"depth":134,"text":117729},{"id":48721,"depth":134,"text":117793},{"id":6039,"depth":134,"text":117890},{"id":217,"depth":134,"text":117954},{"id":15366,"depth":134,"text":28989},{"id":118159,"depth":91,"text":119216},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118415,"depth":91,"text":119218},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118687,"depth":91,"text":119220},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118743,"depth":91,"text":118744,"children":119222},[119223,119224,119226],{"id":118752,"depth":134,"text":118753},{"id":118807,"depth":134,"text":119225},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118870,"depth":134,"text":118871},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":119229},[119230,119232,119234,119236,119238],{"id":119110,"depth":134,"text":119231},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119118,"depth":134,"text":119233},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119126,"depth":134,"text":119235},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119139,"depth":134,"text":119237},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119149,"depth":134,"text":119239},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117383,"description":119241},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119248,"title":119249,"body":119250,"description":121361,"extension":1694,"meta":121362,"navigation":338,"path":78889,"seo":121363,"stem":121364,"__hash__":121365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119251,"toc":121308},[119252,119259,119262,119272,119278,119281,119299,119307,119309,119368,119376,119380,119402,119406,119410,119412,119429,119431,119443,119449,119533,119537,119584,119590,119597,119601,119606,119608,119620,119625,119678,119682,119702,119709,119716,119720,119723,119742,119746,119860,119864,119934,119936,119948,119953,119957,119970,119974,120049,120053,120092,120099,120105,120110,120114,120128,120132,120197,120201,120234,120237,120242,120250,120257,120270,120273,120277,120360,120364,120401,120405,120508,120512,120573,120578,120585,120589,120592,120598,120601,120668,120672,120696,120698,120716,120723,120776,120780,120800,120806,120808,120865,120872,120898,120903,120908,120916,120922,120982,120986,121033,121036,121038,121041,121067,121070,121163,121165,121185,121189,121192,121210,121216,121218,121226,121231,121238,121241,121247,121250,121256,121264,121272,121277,121279,121305],[10,119253,3321,119255,10348,119257,92841],{"id":119254},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119256,74188],{},[15,119258,77631],{},[20,119260,119261],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[33,119263,119264,119268],{},[36,119265,119266],{},[15,119267,74188],{},[36,119269,119270],{},[15,119271,77631],{},[20,119273,119274,119275,119277],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[398,119276,4383],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119279,119280],{},"The main difference is simple:",[33,119282,119283,119291],{},[36,119284,160,119285,119287,119288],{},[15,119286,74188],{}," when you want a ",[398,119289,119290],{},"new sorted result",[36,119292,160,119293,119295,119296],{},[15,119294,77631],{}," when you want to ",[398,119297,119298],{},"change the original list",[20,119300,119301,119302,2131,119304,119306],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119303,77631],{},[15,119305,3528],{}," and causes confusion.",[52,119308,3355],{"id":3354},[57,119310,119312],{"className":59,"code":119311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119313,119314,119334,119338,119355],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119315,119316,119318,119320,119322,119324,119326,119328,119330,119332],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119317,3365],{"class":72},[66,119319,77],{"class":76},[66,119321,3370],{"class":102},[66,119323,1794],{"class":478},[66,119325,121],{"class":102},[66,119327,479],{"class":478},[66,119329,121],{"class":102},[66,119331,561],{"class":478},[66,119333,3383],{"class":102},[66,119335,119336],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,119337,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,119339,119340,119342,119344,119346,119348,119350,119352],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,119341,55658],{"class":72},[66,119343,77],{"class":76},[66,119345,74322],{"class":137},[66,119347,110],{"class":102},[66,119349,3397],{"class":106},[66,119351,3410],{"class":102},[66,119353,119354],{"class":3413},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[66,119356,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,119358,3397],{"class":72},[66,119360,103],{"class":102},[66,119362,34566],{"class":106},[66,119364,7120],{"class":102},[66,119366,119367],{"class":3413},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119369,160,119370,119372,119373,119375],{},[15,119371,74188],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119374,77631],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[52,119377,119379],{"id":119378},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[33,119381,119382,119387,119392,119399],{},[36,119383,160,119384,119386],{},[15,119385,74188],{}," to get a new sorted list",[36,119388,160,119389,119391],{},[15,119390,77631],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[36,119393,119394,119395,2131,119397],{},"Understand why ",[15,119396,77631],{},[15,119398,3528],{},[36,119400,119401],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[52,119403,168,119404,41],{"id":117481},[15,119405,74188],{},[20,119407,119408,62690],{},[15,119409,74188],{},[20,119411,48695],{},[33,119413,119414,119420,119426],{},[36,119415,119416,119417],{},"returns a ",[398,119418,119419],{},"new list",[36,119421,119422,119423,119425],{},"does ",[398,119424,4383],{}," change the original data",[36,119427,119428],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119430,50900],{},[33,119432,119433,119435,119437,119439,119441],{},[36,119434,5055],{},[36,119436,5058],{},[36,119438,5064],{},[36,119440,5061],{},[36,119442,35676],{},[258,119444,34843,119446,119448],{"id":119445},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119447,74188],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[57,119450,119452],{"className":59,"code":119451,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119453,119454,119474,119478,119492,119496,119514],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119455,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466,119468,119470,119472],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119457,3365],{"class":72},[66,119459,77],{"class":76},[66,119461,3370],{"class":102},[66,119463,1794],{"class":478},[66,119465,121],{"class":102},[66,119467,479],{"class":478},[66,119469,121],{"class":102},[66,119471,561],{"class":478},[66,119473,3383],{"class":102},[66,119475,119476],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,119477,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,119479,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488,119490],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,119481,447],{"class":72},[66,119483,77],{"class":76},[66,119485,74322],{"class":137},[66,119487,110],{"class":102},[66,119489,3397],{"class":106},[66,119491,131],{"class":102},[66,119493,119494],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,119495,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,119497,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,119499,138],{"class":137},[66,119501,110],{"class":102},[66,119503,113],{"class":80},[66,119505,11916],{"class":84},[66,119507,113],{"class":80},[66,119509,121],{"class":102},[66,119511,4016],{"class":106},[66,119513,131],{"class":102},[66,119515,119516,119518,119520,119522,119525,119527,119529,119531],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,119517,138],{"class":137},[66,119519,110],{"class":102},[66,119521,113],{"class":80},[66,119523,119524],{"class":84},"sorted result:",[66,119526,113],{"class":80},[66,119528,121],{"class":102},[66,119530,80981],{"class":106},[66,119532,131],{"class":102},[20,119534,119535],{},[398,119536,148],{},[57,119538,119540],{"className":59,"code":119539,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119541,119542,119562],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119543,119544,119546,119548,119550,119552,119554,119556,119558,119560],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119545,11895],{"class":72},[66,119547,1111],{"class":102},[66,119549,3370],{"class":102},[66,119551,1794],{"class":478},[66,119553,121],{"class":102},[66,119555,479],{"class":478},[66,119557,121],{"class":102},[66,119559,561],{"class":478},[66,119561,3383],{"class":102},[66,119563,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,119565,74278],{"class":137},[66,119567,80981],{"class":72},[66,119569,1111],{"class":102},[66,119571,3370],{"class":102},[66,119573,2729],{"class":478},[66,119575,121],{"class":102},[66,119577,561],{"class":478},[66,119579,121],{"class":102},[66,119581,2186],{"class":478},[66,119583,3383],{"class":102},[20,119585,119586,119587,119589],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119588,3397],{}," stays the same.",[20,119591,119592,119593,103],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[200,119594,3321,119595,3254],{"href":74285},[15,119596,74188],{},[52,119598,168,119599,41],{"id":77697},[15,119600,77631],{},[20,119602,119603,119605],{},[15,119604,64076],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119607,48695],{},[33,119609,119610,119613,119616],{},[36,119611,119612],{},"changes the original list directly",[36,119614,119615],{},"only works on lists",[36,119617,3441,119618],{},[15,119619,3528],{},[258,119621,34843,119623,73726],{"id":119622},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119624,77631],{},[57,119626,119628],{"className":59,"code":119627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119629,119630,119650,119654,119664,119668],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119631,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119633,3365],{"class":72},[66,119635,77],{"class":76},[66,119637,3370],{"class":102},[66,119639,1794],{"class":478},[66,119641,121],{"class":102},[66,119643,479],{"class":478},[66,119645,121],{"class":102},[66,119647,561],{"class":478},[66,119649,3383],{"class":102},[66,119651,119652],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,119653,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,119655,119656,119658,119660,119662],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,119657,3397],{"class":72},[66,119659,103],{"class":102},[66,119661,34566],{"class":106},[66,119663,8402],{"class":102},[66,119665,119666],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,119667,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,119669,119670,119672,119674,119676],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,119671,138],{"class":137},[66,119673,110],{"class":102},[66,119675,3397],{"class":106},[66,119677,131],{"class":102},[20,119679,119680],{},[398,119681,148],{},[57,119683,119684],{"className":59,"code":54918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,119685,119686],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119687,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119689,3652],{"class":102},[66,119691,2729],{"class":478},[66,119693,121],{"class":102},[66,119695,561],{"class":478},[66,119697,121],{"class":102},[66,119699,2186],{"class":478},[66,119701,3383],{"class":102},[20,119703,119704,119705,119708],{},"After calling ",[15,119706,119707],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119710,119711,119712,103],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[200,119713,3321,119714,774],{"href":74539},[15,119715,77631],{},[52,119717,119719],{"id":119718},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119721,119722],{},"Here is the core difference:",[33,119724,119725,119734],{},[36,119726,119727,119730,119731],{},[15,119728,119729],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[398,119732,119733],{},"new sorted list",[36,119735,119736,119739,119740,74096],{},[15,119737,119738],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119741,8097],{},[258,119743,119745],{"id":119744},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[57,119747,119749],{"className":59,"code":119748,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119750,119751,119771,119775,119789,119808,119827,119831,119841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119752,119753,119755,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119754,3365],{"class":72},[66,119756,77],{"class":76},[66,119758,3370],{"class":102},[66,119760,1869],{"class":478},[66,119762,121],{"class":102},[66,119764,561],{"class":478},[66,119766,121],{"class":102},[66,119768,2192],{"class":478},[66,119770,3383],{"class":102},[66,119772,119773],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,119774,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,119776,119777,119779,119781,119783,119785,119787],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,119778,2291],{"class":72},[66,119780,77],{"class":76},[66,119782,74322],{"class":137},[66,119784,110],{"class":102},[66,119786,3397],{"class":106},[66,119788,131],{"class":102},[66,119790,119791,119793,119795,119797,119800,119802,119804,119806],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,119792,138],{"class":137},[66,119794,110],{"class":102},[66,119796,113],{"class":80},[66,119798,119799],{"class":84},"numbers after sorted():",[66,119801,113],{"class":80},[66,119803,121],{"class":102},[66,119805,4016],{"class":106},[66,119807,131],{"class":102},[66,119809,119810,119812,119814,119816,119819,119821,119823,119825],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,119811,138],{"class":137},[66,119813,110],{"class":102},[66,119815,113],{"class":80},[66,119817,119818],{"class":84},"a:",[66,119820,113],{"class":80},[66,119822,121],{"class":102},[66,119824,56656],{"class":106},[66,119826,131],{"class":102},[66,119828,119829],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,119830,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,119832,119833,119835,119837,119839],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,119834,3397],{"class":72},[66,119836,103],{"class":102},[66,119838,34566],{"class":106},[66,119840,8402],{"class":102},[66,119842,119843,119845,119847,119849,119852,119854,119856,119858],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,119844,138],{"class":137},[66,119846,110],{"class":102},[66,119848,113],{"class":80},[66,119850,119851],{"class":84},"numbers after sort():",[66,119853,113],{"class":80},[66,119855,121],{"class":102},[66,119857,4016],{"class":106},[66,119859,131],{"class":102},[20,119861,119862],{},[398,119863,148],{},[57,119865,119867],{"className":59,"code":119866,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119868,119869,119892,119912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119870,119871,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119872,119873],{"class":72},"numbers after ",[66,119875,74278],{"class":137},[66,119877,29350],{"class":102},[66,119879,3370],{"class":102},[66,119881,1869],{"class":478},[66,119883,121],{"class":102},[66,119885,561],{"class":478},[66,119887,121],{"class":102},[66,119889,2192],{"class":478},[66,119891,3383],{"class":102},[66,119893,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,119895,200],{"class":72},[66,119897,1111],{"class":102},[66,119899,3370],{"class":102},[66,119901,1788],{"class":478},[66,119903,121],{"class":102},[66,119905,2192],{"class":478},[66,119907,121],{"class":102},[66,119909,4357],{"class":478},[66,119911,3383],{"class":102},[66,119913,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,119915,119873],{"class":72},[66,119917,34566],{"class":106},[66,119919,29350],{"class":102},[66,119921,3370],{"class":102},[66,119923,1788],{"class":478},[66,119925,121],{"class":102},[66,119927,2192],{"class":478},[66,119929,121],{"class":102},[66,119931,4357],{"class":478},[66,119933,3383],{"class":102},[20,119935,10476],{},[33,119937,119938,119943],{},[36,119939,119940,119942],{},[15,119941,74188],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[36,119944,119945,119947],{},[15,119946,64076],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[52,119949,4715,119951],{"id":119950},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119952,74188],{},[20,119954,160,119955,10364],{},[15,119956,74188],{},[33,119958,119959,119962,119964,119967],{},[36,119960,119961],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[36,119963,118731],{},[36,119965,119966],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[36,119968,119969],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[258,119971,119973],{"id":119972},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[57,119975,119977],{"className":59,"code":119976,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119978,119979,120003,120007,120021,120025,120035],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119980,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119982,3365],{"class":72},[66,119984,77],{"class":76},[66,119986,8997],{"class":102},[66,119988,2241],{"class":478},[66,119990,121],{"class":102},[66,119992,479],{"class":478},[66,119994,121],{"class":102},[66,119996,2186],{"class":478},[66,119998,121],{"class":102},[66,120000,561],{"class":478},[66,120002,131],{"class":102},[66,120004,120005],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120006,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120008,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120010,447],{"class":72},[66,120012,77],{"class":76},[66,120014,74322],{"class":137},[66,120016,110],{"class":102},[66,120018,3397],{"class":106},[66,120020,131],{"class":102},[66,120022,120023],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120024,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120026,120027,120029,120031,120033],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120028,138],{"class":137},[66,120030,110],{"class":102},[66,120032,494],{"class":106},[66,120034,131],{"class":102},[66,120036,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,120038,138],{"class":137},[66,120040,110],{"class":102},[66,120042,2964],{"class":2641},[66,120044,110],{"class":102},[66,120046,494],{"class":106},[66,120048,1330],{"class":102},[20,120050,120051],{},[398,120052,148],{},[57,120054,120056],{"className":59,"code":120055,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120057,120058,120078],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120059,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120061,3652],{"class":102},[66,120063,2729],{"class":478},[66,120065,121],{"class":102},[66,120067,561],{"class":478},[66,120069,121],{"class":102},[66,120071,2186],{"class":478},[66,120073,121],{"class":102},[66,120075,2192],{"class":478},[66,120077,3383],{"class":102},[66,120079,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120081,3033],{"class":76},[66,120083,3036],{"class":1797},[66,120085,3039],{"class":80},[66,120087,7851],{"class":84},[66,120089,3044],{"class":80},[66,120091,3047],{"class":76},[20,120093,2019,120094,120096,120097,103],{},[15,120095,74188],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[398,120098,7851],{},[20,120100,120101,120102,120104],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[200,120103,52539],{"href":50746}," is a helpful next step.",[52,120106,4715,120108],{"id":120107},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120109,77631],{},[20,120111,160,120112,10364],{},[15,120113,77631],{},[33,120115,120116,120119,120122,120125],{},[36,120117,120118],{},"you already have a list",[36,120120,120121],{},"you want to update that list directly",[36,120123,120124],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[36,120126,120127],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[258,120129,120131],{"id":120130},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[57,120133,120135],{"className":59,"code":120134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120136,120137,120169,120173,120183,120187],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120138,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120140,4749],{"class":72},[66,120142,77],{"class":76},[66,120144,3370],{"class":102},[66,120146,113],{"class":80},[66,120148,4776],{"class":84},[66,120150,113],{"class":80},[66,120152,121],{"class":102},[66,120154,81],{"class":80},[66,120156,4758],{"class":84},[66,120158,113],{"class":80},[66,120160,121],{"class":102},[66,120162,81],{"class":80},[66,120164,4767],{"class":84},[66,120166,113],{"class":80},[66,120168,3383],{"class":102},[66,120170,120171],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120172,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120174,120175,120177,120179,120181],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120176,4793],{"class":72},[66,120178,103],{"class":102},[66,120180,34566],{"class":106},[66,120182,8402],{"class":102},[66,120184,120185],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120186,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120188,120189,120191,120193,120195],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120190,138],{"class":137},[66,120192,110],{"class":102},[66,120194,4793],{"class":106},[66,120196,131],{"class":102},[20,120198,120199],{},[398,120200,148],{},[57,120202,120204],{"className":59,"code":120203,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120205,120206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120207,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120209,3652],{"class":102},[66,120211,3044],{"class":80},[66,120213,4758],{"class":84},[66,120215,3044],{"class":80},[66,120217,121],{"class":102},[66,120219,3039],{"class":80},[66,120221,4767],{"class":84},[66,120223,3044],{"class":80},[66,120225,121],{"class":102},[66,120227,3039],{"class":80},[66,120229,4776],{"class":84},[66,120231,3044],{"class":80},[66,120233,3383],{"class":102},[20,120235,120236],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120238,120239,120240,103],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[200,120241,79637],{"href":78140},[52,120243,120245,798,120247,120249],{"id":120244},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120246,73341],{},[15,120248,14603],{}," work with both",[20,120251,10353,120252,798,120254,120256],{},[15,120253,74188],{},[15,120255,77631],{}," support:",[33,120258,120259,120264],{},[36,120260,120261,120263],{},[15,120262,77855],{}," for descending order",[36,120265,120266,120269],{},[15,120267,120268],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120271,120272],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[258,120274,120276],{"id":120275},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[57,120278,120280],{"className":59,"code":120279,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120281,120282,120302,120306,120328,120332,120350],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120283,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120285,3365],{"class":72},[66,120287,77],{"class":76},[66,120289,3370],{"class":102},[66,120291,1794],{"class":478},[66,120293,121],{"class":102},[66,120295,479],{"class":478},[66,120297,121],{"class":102},[66,120299,561],{"class":478},[66,120301,3383],{"class":102},[66,120303,120304],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120305,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120307,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120309,138],{"class":137},[66,120311,110],{"class":102},[66,120313,74278],{"class":137},[66,120315,110],{"class":102},[66,120317,3397],{"class":106},[66,120319,121],{"class":102},[66,120321,77834],{"class":8936},[66,120323,77],{"class":76},[66,120325,3350],{"class":3602},[66,120327,1330],{"class":102},[66,120329,120330],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120331,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120333,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120335,3397],{"class":72},[66,120337,103],{"class":102},[66,120339,34566],{"class":106},[66,120341,110],{"class":102},[66,120343,73341],{"class":8936},[66,120345,77],{"class":76},[66,120347,3350],{"class":3602},[66,120349,131],{"class":102},[66,120351,120352,120354,120356,120358],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,120353,138],{"class":137},[66,120355,110],{"class":102},[66,120357,3397],{"class":106},[66,120359,131],{"class":102},[20,120361,120362],{},[398,120363,148],{},[57,120365,120367],{"className":59,"code":120366,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120368,120369,120385],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120370,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120372,3652],{"class":102},[66,120374,1794],{"class":478},[66,120376,121],{"class":102},[66,120378,561],{"class":478},[66,120380,121],{"class":102},[66,120382,479],{"class":478},[66,120384,3383],{"class":102},[66,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120388,3652],{"class":102},[66,120390,1794],{"class":478},[66,120392,121],{"class":102},[66,120394,561],{"class":478},[66,120396,121],{"class":102},[66,120398,479],{"class":478},[66,120400,3383],{"class":102},[258,120402,120404],{"id":120403},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[57,120406,120408],{"className":59,"code":120407,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120409,120410,120442,120446,120472,120476,120498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120411,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120413,3823],{"class":72},[66,120415,77],{"class":76},[66,120417,3370],{"class":102},[66,120419,113],{"class":80},[66,120421,83127],{"class":84},[66,120423,113],{"class":80},[66,120425,121],{"class":102},[66,120427,81],{"class":80},[66,120429,3832],{"class":84},[66,120431,113],{"class":80},[66,120433,121],{"class":102},[66,120435,81],{"class":80},[66,120437,118596],{"class":84},[66,120439,113],{"class":80},[66,120441,3383],{"class":102},[66,120443,120444],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120445,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120447,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120449,138],{"class":137},[66,120451,110],{"class":102},[66,120453,74278],{"class":137},[66,120455,110],{"class":102},[66,120457,3866],{"class":106},[66,120459,121],{"class":102},[66,120461,21343],{"class":8936},[66,120463,77],{"class":76},[66,120465,3188],{"class":2641},[66,120467,103],{"class":102},[66,120469,8399],{"class":24515},[66,120471,1330],{"class":102},[66,120473,120474],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120475,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120477,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120479,3866],{"class":72},[66,120481,103],{"class":102},[66,120483,34566],{"class":106},[66,120485,110],{"class":102},[66,120487,14603],{"class":8936},[66,120489,77],{"class":76},[66,120491,3188],{"class":2641},[66,120493,103],{"class":102},[66,120495,8399],{"class":24515},[66,120497,131],{"class":102},[66,120499,120500,120502,120504,120506],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,120501,138],{"class":137},[66,120503,110],{"class":102},[66,120505,3866],{"class":106},[66,120507,131],{"class":102},[20,120509,120510],{},[398,120511,148],{},[57,120513,120515],{"className":59,"code":120514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120516,120517,120545],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120518,120519,120521,120523,120525,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120520,3652],{"class":102},[66,120522,3044],{"class":80},[66,120524,3832],{"class":84},[66,120526,3044],{"class":80},[66,120528,121],{"class":102},[66,120530,3039],{"class":80},[66,120532,83127],{"class":84},[66,120534,3044],{"class":80},[66,120536,121],{"class":102},[66,120538,3039],{"class":80},[66,120540,118596],{"class":84},[66,120542,3044],{"class":80},[66,120544,3383],{"class":102},[66,120546,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120548,3652],{"class":102},[66,120550,3044],{"class":80},[66,120552,3832],{"class":84},[66,120554,3044],{"class":80},[66,120556,121],{"class":102},[66,120558,3039],{"class":80},[66,120560,83127],{"class":84},[66,120562,3044],{"class":80},[66,120564,121],{"class":102},[66,120566,3039],{"class":80},[66,120568,118596],{"class":84},[66,120570,3044],{"class":80},[66,120572,3383],{"class":102},[20,120574,8176,120575,120577],{},[15,120576,78349],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120579,120580,120581,103],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[200,120582,120584],{"href":120583},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[52,120586,120588],{"id":120587},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120590,120591],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[258,120593,120595,120596,12360],{"id":120594},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120597,77631],{},[20,120599,120600],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[57,120602,120604],{"className":59,"code":120603,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120605,120606,120626,120630,120644,120648,120658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120607,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120609,3365],{"class":72},[66,120611,77],{"class":76},[66,120613,3370],{"class":102},[66,120615,1794],{"class":478},[66,120617,121],{"class":102},[66,120619,479],{"class":478},[66,120621,121],{"class":102},[66,120623,561],{"class":478},[66,120625,3383],{"class":102},[66,120627,120628],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120629,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120631,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120633,447],{"class":72},[66,120635,77],{"class":76},[66,120637,4016],{"class":72},[66,120639,103],{"class":102},[66,120641,34566],{"class":106},[66,120643,8402],{"class":102},[66,120645,120646],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120647,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120649,120650,120652,120654,120656],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120651,138],{"class":137},[66,120653,110],{"class":102},[66,120655,494],{"class":106},[66,120657,131],{"class":102},[66,120659,120660,120662,120664,120666],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,120661,138],{"class":137},[66,120663,110],{"class":102},[66,120665,3397],{"class":106},[66,120667,131],{"class":102},[20,120669,120670],{},[398,120671,148],{},[57,120673,120674],{"className":59,"code":78972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,120675,120676,120680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120677,120678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120679,11570],{"class":3602},[66,120681,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120683,3652],{"class":102},[66,120685,2729],{"class":478},[66,120687,121],{"class":102},[66,120689,561],{"class":478},[66,120691,121],{"class":102},[66,120693,2186],{"class":478},[66,120695,3383],{"class":102},[20,120697,11662],{},[33,120699,120700,120705,120710],{},[36,120701,120702,120704],{},[15,120703,119707],{}," sorts the list in place",[36,120706,34780,120707,120709],{},[398,120708,4383],{}," return the sorted list",[36,120711,89748,120712,41921,120714],{},[15,120713,494],{},[15,120715,3528],{},[258,120717,120719,120720,120722],{"id":120718},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120721,74188],{}," to change the original list",[57,120724,120726],{"className":59,"code":120725,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120727,120728,120748,120752,120762,120766],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120729,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120731,3365],{"class":72},[66,120733,77],{"class":76},[66,120735,3370],{"class":102},[66,120737,1794],{"class":478},[66,120739,121],{"class":102},[66,120741,479],{"class":478},[66,120743,121],{"class":102},[66,120745,561],{"class":478},[66,120747,3383],{"class":102},[66,120749,120750],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120751,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120753,120754,120756,120758,120760],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120755,74278],{"class":137},[66,120757,110],{"class":102},[66,120759,3397],{"class":106},[66,120761,131],{"class":102},[66,120763,120764],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120765,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120767,120768,120770,120772,120774],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120769,138],{"class":137},[66,120771,110],{"class":102},[66,120773,3397],{"class":106},[66,120775,131],{"class":102},[20,120777,120778],{},[398,120779,148],{},[57,120781,120782],{"className":59,"code":118928,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,120783,120784],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120785,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120787,3652],{"class":102},[66,120789,1794],{"class":478},[66,120791,121],{"class":102},[66,120793,479],{"class":478},[66,120795,121],{"class":102},[66,120797,561],{"class":478},[66,120799,3383],{"class":102},[20,120801,120802,120805],{},[15,120803,120804],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120807,1209],{},[57,120809,120811],{"className":59,"code":120810,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120812,120813,120833,120837,120851,120855],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120814,120815,120817,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120816,3365],{"class":72},[66,120818,77],{"class":76},[66,120820,3370],{"class":102},[66,120822,1794],{"class":478},[66,120824,121],{"class":102},[66,120826,479],{"class":478},[66,120828,121],{"class":102},[66,120830,561],{"class":478},[66,120832,3383],{"class":102},[66,120834,120835],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120836,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120838,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120840,55410],{"class":72},[66,120842,77],{"class":76},[66,120844,74322],{"class":137},[66,120846,110],{"class":102},[66,120848,3397],{"class":106},[66,120850,131],{"class":102},[66,120852,120853],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120854,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120856,120857,120859,120861,120863],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120858,138],{"class":137},[66,120860,110],{"class":102},[66,120862,55429],{"class":106},[66,120864,131],{"class":102},[258,120866,120868,120869,120871],{"id":120867},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120870,64076],{}," on a tuple or string",[57,120873,120874],{"className":59,"code":79074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,120875,120876,120888],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120877,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120879,73],{"class":72},[66,120881,77],{"class":76},[66,120883,81],{"class":80},[66,120885,61],{"class":84},[66,120887,88],{"class":80},[66,120889,120890,120892,120894,120896],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120891,349],{"class":72},[66,120893,103],{"class":102},[66,120895,34566],{"class":106},[66,120897,8402],{"class":102},[20,120899,120900,120901,33369],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120902,64076],{},[20,120904,120905,120907],{},[15,120906,64076],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120909,120910,120911,120913,120914,103],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120912,74188],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[200,120915,4891],{"href":5340},[258,120917,120919,120920,118965],{"id":120918},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120921,74188],{},[57,120923,120925],{"className":59,"code":120924,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120926,120927,120940,120954,120958,120968],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120928,120929,120931,120933,120935,120938],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120930,73],{"class":72},[66,120932,77],{"class":76},[66,120934,81],{"class":80},[66,120936,120937],{"class":84},"cab",[66,120939,88],{"class":80},[66,120941,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,120943,447],{"class":72},[66,120945,77],{"class":76},[66,120947,74322],{"class":137},[66,120949,110],{"class":102},[66,120951,349],{"class":106},[66,120953,131],{"class":102},[66,120955,120956],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,120957,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,120959,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,120961,138],{"class":137},[66,120963,110],{"class":102},[66,120965,494],{"class":106},[66,120967,131],{"class":102},[66,120969,120970,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,120971,138],{"class":137},[66,120973,110],{"class":102},[66,120975,2964],{"class":2641},[66,120977,110],{"class":102},[66,120979,494],{"class":106},[66,120981,1330],{"class":102},[20,120983,120984],{},[398,120985,148],{},[57,120987,120989],{"className":59,"code":120988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120990,120991,121019],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120992,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120994,3652],{"class":102},[66,120996,3044],{"class":80},[66,120998,200],{"class":84},[66,121000,3044],{"class":80},[66,121002,121],{"class":102},[66,121004,3039],{"class":80},[66,121006,4514],{"class":84},[66,121008,3044],{"class":80},[66,121010,121],{"class":102},[66,121012,3039],{"class":80},[66,121014,9501],{"class":84},[66,121016,3044],{"class":80},[66,121018,3383],{"class":102},[66,121020,121021,121023,121025,121027,121029,121031],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121022,3033],{"class":76},[66,121024,3036],{"class":1797},[66,121026,3039],{"class":80},[66,121028,7851],{"class":84},[66,121030,3044],{"class":80},[66,121032,3047],{"class":76},[20,121034,121035],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[52,121037,113486],{"id":113485},[20,121039,121040],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[33,121042,121043,121046,121051,121056,121062],{},[36,121044,121045],{},"confusing a function with a method",[36,121047,121048,121049,53412],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121050,64076],{},[36,121052,121053,121054,12360],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121055,77631],{},[36,121057,121058,121059,121061],{},"trying to use ",[15,121060,64076],{}," on non-list data types",[36,121063,50273,121064,121066],{},[15,121065,74188],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121068,121069],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[57,121071,121073],{"className":59,"code":121072,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121074,121075,121085,121099,121124,121139,121149],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121076,121077,121079,121081,121083],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121078,138],{"class":137},[66,121080,110],{"class":102},[66,121082,8097],{"class":106},[66,121084,131],{"class":102},[66,121086,121087,121089,121091,121093,121095,121097],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121088,138],{"class":137},[66,121090,110],{"class":102},[66,121092,74278],{"class":137},[66,121094,110],{"class":102},[66,121096,8097],{"class":106},[66,121098,1330],{"class":102},[66,121100,121101,121103,121105,121107,121109,121111,121113,121116,121118,121120,121122],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,121102,447],{"class":72},[66,121104,77],{"class":76},[66,121106,8154],{"class":72},[66,121108,103],{"class":102},[66,121110,34566],{"class":106},[66,121112,7120],{"class":102},[66,121114,121115],{"class":72},"; ",[66,121117,138],{"class":137},[66,121119,110],{"class":102},[66,121121,494],{"class":106},[66,121123,131],{"class":102},[66,121125,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121137],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,121127,138],{"class":137},[66,121129,110],{"class":102},[66,121131,2964],{"class":2641},[66,121133,110],{"class":102},[66,121135,121136],{"class":106},"my_data",[66,121138,1330],{"class":102},[66,121140,121141,121143,121145,121147],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,121142,31920],{"class":137},[66,121144,110],{"class":102},[66,121146,74278],{"class":137},[66,121148,131],{"class":102},[66,121150,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,121152,31920],{"class":137},[66,121154,110],{"class":102},[66,121156,7851],{"class":2641},[66,121158,103],{"class":102},[66,121160,34566],{"class":24515},[66,121162,131],{"class":102},[20,121164,84137],{},[33,121166,121167,121170,121174,121182],{},[36,121168,121169],{},"whether your original list changed",[36,121171,38,121172,904],{},[15,121173,74188],{},[36,121175,121176,121177,121179,121180],{},"whether ",[15,121178,64076],{}," returned ",[15,121181,3528],{},[36,121183,121184],{},"what type of object you are working with",[52,121186,121188],{"id":121187},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121190,121191],{},"Use this rule:",[33,121193,121194,121202],{},[36,121195,121196,121197,121199,121200],{},"Need a ",[398,121198,119290],{},": use ",[15,121201,74188],{},[36,121203,121204,121205,121199,121208],{},"Need to ",[398,121206,121207],{},"change one list directly",[15,121209,77631],{},[20,121211,121212,121213,121215],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121214,74188],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[52,121217,1518],{"id":1517},[258,121219,121221,121222,2617,121224,2228],{"id":121220},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121223,74188],{},[15,121225,77631],{},[20,121227,121228,121230],{},[15,121229,74188],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[258,121232,4913,121234,4916,121236,2228],{"id":121233},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121235,77631],{},[15,121237,3528],{},[20,121239,121240],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[258,121242,1573,121244,121246],{"id":121243},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121245,74188],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121248,121249],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[258,121251,28094,121253,121255],{"id":121252},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121254,64076],{}," on a string?",[20,121257,46132,121258,121260,121261,39696],{},[15,121259,64076],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121262,121263],{},"sorted(string)",[258,121265,11581,121267,798,121269,121271],{"id":121266},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121268,74188],{},[15,121270,64076],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121273,121274,121275,103],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121276,77855],{},[52,121278,1620],{"id":1619},[33,121280,121281,121287,121293,121297,121301],{},[36,121282,121283],{},[200,121284,3321,121285,3254],{"href":74285},[15,121286,74188],{},[36,121288,121289],{},[200,121290,3321,121291,774],{"href":74539},[15,121292,77631],{},[36,121294,121295],{},[200,121296,79637],{"href":78140},[36,121298,121299],{},[200,121300,120584],{"href":120583},[36,121302,121303],{},[200,121304,52539],{"href":50746},[1651,121306,121307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":121309},[121310,121311,121312,121316,121320,121323,121327,121331,121336,121346,121347,121348,121360],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":119378,"depth":91,"text":119379},{"id":117481,"depth":91,"text":119203,"children":121313},[121314],{"id":119445,"depth":134,"text":121315},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77697,"depth":91,"text":79659,"children":121317},[121318],{"id":119622,"depth":134,"text":121319},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119718,"depth":91,"text":119719,"children":121321},[121322],{"id":119744,"depth":134,"text":119745},{"id":119950,"depth":91,"text":121324,"children":121325},"When to use sorted()",[121326],{"id":119972,"depth":134,"text":119973},{"id":120107,"depth":91,"text":121328,"children":121329},"When to use list.sort()",[121330],{"id":120130,"depth":134,"text":120131},{"id":120244,"depth":91,"text":121332,"children":121333},"reverse and key work with both",[121334,121335],{"id":120275,"depth":134,"text":120276},{"id":120403,"depth":134,"text":120404},{"id":120587,"depth":91,"text":120588,"children":121337},[121338,121340,121342,121344],{"id":120594,"depth":134,"text":121339},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120718,"depth":134,"text":121341},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120867,"depth":134,"text":121343},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120918,"depth":134,"text":121345},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113485,"depth":91,"text":113486},{"id":121187,"depth":91,"text":121188},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":121349},[121350,121352,121354,121356,121358],{"id":121220,"depth":134,"text":121351},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121233,"depth":134,"text":121353},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121243,"depth":134,"text":121355},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121252,"depth":134,"text":121357},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121266,"depth":134,"text":121359},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119249,"description":121361},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121367,"title":41942,"body":121368,"description":123100,"extension":1694,"meta":123101,"navigation":338,"path":123102,"seo":123103,"stem":123104,"__hash__":123105},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121369,"toc":123057},[121370,121375,121380,121386,121388,121443,121447,121470,121475,121480,121485,121487,121518,121521,121535,121537,121539,121554,121559,121563,121566,121617,121621,121635,121642,121646,121650,121705,121709,121732,121736,121792,121796,121819,121823,121878,121882,121905,121909,121976,121980,122015,122021,122026,122031,122033,122047,122049,122123,122127,122147,122152,122159,122162,122174,122176,122245,122249,122286,122289,122314,122321,122330,122333,122345,122351,122357,122359,122365,122370,122449,122453,122494,122498,122500,122527,122530,122553,122556,122562,122565,122602,122614,122621,122623,122674,122677,122709,122712,122714,122721,122723,122738,122740,122797,122801,122825,122827,122832,122848,122855,122859,122862,122945,122955,122957,122962,122965,122971,122974,122980,122983,122989,122992,122999,123007,123009,123054],[10,121371,3321,121373,3325],{"id":121372},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121374,47451],{},[20,121376,32085,121377,121379],{},[15,121378,47451],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121381,121382,121383,121385],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121384,47451],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[52,121387,55],{"id":54},[57,121389,121391],{"className":59,"code":121390,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121392,121393,121401,121415,121419,121429],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121394,121395,121397,121399],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121396,21392],{"class":72},[66,121398,77],{"class":76},[66,121400,44992],{"class":478},[66,121402,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121404,73],{"class":72},[66,121406,77],{"class":76},[66,121408,48672],{"class":2641},[66,121410,110],{"class":102},[66,121412,9060],{"class":106},[66,121414,131],{"class":102},[66,121416,121417],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,121418,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,121420,121421,121423,121425,121427],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,121422,138],{"class":137},[66,121424,110],{"class":102},[66,121426,349],{"class":106},[66,121428,131],{"class":102},[66,121430,121431,121433,121435,121437,121439,121441],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,121432,138],{"class":137},[66,121434,110],{"class":102},[66,121436,2964],{"class":2641},[66,121438,110],{"class":102},[66,121440,349],{"class":106},[66,121442,1330],{"class":102},[20,121444,121445],{},[398,121446,148],{},[57,121448,121450],{"className":59,"code":121449,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121451,121452,121456],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121453,121454],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121455,2446],{"class":478},[66,121457,121458,121460,121462,121464,121466,121468],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121459,3033],{"class":76},[66,121461,3036],{"class":1797},[66,121463,3039],{"class":80},[66,121465,3188],{"class":84},[66,121467,3044],{"class":80},[66,121469,3047],{"class":76},[20,121471,160,121472,121474],{},[15,121473,47451],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[52,121476,168,121478,41],{"id":121477},"what-str-does",[15,121479,47451],{},[20,121481,121482,121484],{},[15,121483,47451],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121486,1839],{},[33,121488,121489,121496,121503,121510],{},[36,121490,121491,121492,41921,121494],{},"An integer like ",[15,121493,2064],{},[15,121495,41892],{},[36,121497,121498,121499,41921,121501],{},"A float like ",[15,121500,39910],{},[15,121502,47862],{},[36,121504,121505,121506,41921,121508],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121507,3350],{},[15,121509,6395],{},[36,121511,121512,121513,41921,121515],{},"A list like ",[15,121514,75010],{},[15,121516,121517],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121519,121520],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[33,121522,121523,121526,121529,121532],{},[36,121524,121525],{},"print it",[36,121527,121528],{},"combine it with other strings",[36,121530,121531],{},"save it to a file",[36,121533,121534],{},"use it in messages",[52,121536,1891],{"id":1890},[20,121538,6973],{},[57,121540,121542],{"className":59,"code":121541,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"str(object)\n",[15,121543,121544],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121545,121546,121548,121550,121552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121547,3188],{"class":2641},[66,121549,110],{"class":102},[66,121551,42165],{"class":2641},[66,121553,131],{"class":102},[20,121555,20534,121556,121558],{},[15,121557,42165],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121560,121561,7983],{},[15,121562,47451],{},[20,121564,121565],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[57,121567,121569],{"className":59,"code":121568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121570,121571,121580,121603,121607],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121572,121573,121575,121577],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121574,4850],{"class":72},[66,121576,77],{"class":76},[66,121578,121579],{"class":478}," 100\n",[66,121581,121582,121584,121586,121588,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599,121601],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121583,89768],{"class":72},[66,121585,77],{"class":76},[66,121587,81],{"class":80},[66,121589,121590],{"class":84},"Your score is ",[66,121592,113],{"class":80},[66,121594,2189],{"class":76},[66,121596,48672],{"class":2641},[66,121598,110],{"class":102},[66,121600,85284],{"class":106},[66,121602,131],{"class":102},[66,121604,121605],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,121606,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,121608,121609,121611,121613,121615],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,121610,138],{"class":137},[66,121612,110],{"class":102},[66,121614,89785],{"class":106},[66,121616,131],{"class":102},[20,121618,121619],{},[398,121620,148],{},[57,121622,121624],{"className":59,"code":121623,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121625,121626],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121627,121628,121631,121633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121629,121630],{"class":72},"Your score ",[66,121632,11956],{"class":76},[66,121634,121579],{"class":478},[20,121636,2029,121637,121641],{},[200,121638,121639,2036],{"href":2032},[15,121640,2035],{}," can help you check.",[52,121643,121645],{"id":121644},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[258,121647,121649],{"id":121648},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[57,121651,121653],{"className":59,"code":121652,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121654,121655,121663,121677,121681,121691],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121656,121657,121659,121661],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121658,1951],{"class":72},[66,121660,77],{"class":76},[66,121662,2324],{"class":478},[66,121664,121665,121667,121669,121671,121673,121675],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121666,73],{"class":72},[66,121668,77],{"class":76},[66,121670,48672],{"class":2641},[66,121672,110],{"class":102},[66,121674,1973],{"class":106},[66,121676,131],{"class":102},[66,121678,121679],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,121680,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,121682,121683,121685,121687,121689],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,121684,138],{"class":137},[66,121686,110],{"class":102},[66,121688,349],{"class":106},[66,121690,131],{"class":102},[66,121692,121693,121695,121697,121699,121701,121703],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,121694,138],{"class":137},[66,121696,110],{"class":102},[66,121698,2964],{"class":2641},[66,121700,110],{"class":102},[66,121702,349],{"class":106},[66,121704,1330],{"class":102},[20,121706,121707],{},[398,121708,148],{},[57,121710,121712],{"className":59,"code":121711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121713,121714,121718],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121715,121716],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121717,2110],{"class":478},[66,121719,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121721,3033],{"class":76},[66,121723,3036],{"class":1797},[66,121725,3039],{"class":80},[66,121727,3188],{"class":84},[66,121729,3044],{"class":80},[66,121731,3047],{"class":76},[258,121733,121735],{"id":121734},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[57,121737,121739],{"className":59,"code":121738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121740,121741,121750,121764,121768,121778],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121742,121743,121745,121747],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121744,40154],{"class":72},[66,121746,77],{"class":76},[66,121748,121749],{"class":478}," 3.14\n",[66,121751,121752,121754,121756,121758,121760,121762],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121753,73],{"class":72},[66,121755,77],{"class":76},[66,121757,48672],{"class":2641},[66,121759,110],{"class":102},[66,121761,24915],{"class":106},[66,121763,131],{"class":102},[66,121765,121766],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,121767,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,121769,121770,121772,121774,121776],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,121771,138],{"class":137},[66,121773,110],{"class":102},[66,121775,349],{"class":106},[66,121777,131],{"class":102},[66,121779,121780,121782,121784,121786,121788,121790],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,121781,138],{"class":137},[66,121783,110],{"class":102},[66,121785,2964],{"class":2641},[66,121787,110],{"class":102},[66,121789,349],{"class":106},[66,121791,1330],{"class":102},[20,121793,121794],{},[398,121795,148],{},[57,121797,121799],{"className":59,"code":121798,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121800,121801,121805],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121802,121803],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121804,39944],{"class":478},[66,121806,121807,121809,121811,121813,121815,121817],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121808,3033],{"class":76},[66,121810,3036],{"class":1797},[66,121812,3039],{"class":80},[66,121814,3188],{"class":84},[66,121816,3044],{"class":80},[66,121818,3047],{"class":76},[258,121820,121822],{"id":121821},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[57,121824,121826],{"className":59,"code":121825,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121827,121828,121836,121850,121854,121864],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121829,121830,121832,121834],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121831,2181],{"class":72},[66,121833,77],{"class":76},[66,121835,6176],{"class":3602},[66,121837,121838,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121839,73],{"class":72},[66,121841,77],{"class":76},[66,121843,48672],{"class":2641},[66,121845,110],{"class":102},[66,121847,2208],{"class":106},[66,121849,131],{"class":102},[66,121851,121852],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,121853,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,121855,121856,121858,121860,121862],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,121857,138],{"class":137},[66,121859,110],{"class":102},[66,121861,349],{"class":106},[66,121863,131],{"class":102},[66,121865,121866,121868,121870,121872,121874,121876],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,121867,138],{"class":137},[66,121869,110],{"class":102},[66,121871,2964],{"class":2641},[66,121873,110],{"class":102},[66,121875,349],{"class":106},[66,121877,1330],{"class":102},[20,121879,121880],{},[398,121881,148],{},[57,121883,121885],{"className":59,"code":121884,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121886,121887,121891],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121888,121889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121890,3732],{"class":3602},[66,121892,121893,121895,121897,121899,121901,121903],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121894,3033],{"class":76},[66,121896,3036],{"class":1797},[66,121898,3039],{"class":80},[66,121900,3188],{"class":84},[66,121902,3044],{"class":80},[66,121904,3047],{"class":76},[258,121906,121908],{"id":121907},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[57,121910,121912],{"className":59,"code":121911,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121913,121914,121934,121948,121952,121962],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121915,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926,121928,121930,121932],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121917,7535],{"class":72},[66,121919,77],{"class":76},[66,121921,3370],{"class":102},[66,121923,2729],{"class":478},[66,121925,121],{"class":102},[66,121927,561],{"class":478},[66,121929,121],{"class":102},[66,121931,2186],{"class":478},[66,121933,3383],{"class":102},[66,121935,121936,121938,121940,121942,121944,121946],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,121937,73],{"class":72},[66,121939,77],{"class":76},[66,121941,48672],{"class":2641},[66,121943,110],{"class":102},[66,121945,7566],{"class":106},[66,121947,131],{"class":102},[66,121949,121950],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,121951,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,121953,121954,121956,121958,121960],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,121955,138],{"class":137},[66,121957,110],{"class":102},[66,121959,349],{"class":106},[66,121961,131],{"class":102},[66,121963,121964,121966,121968,121970,121972,121974],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,121965,138],{"class":137},[66,121967,110],{"class":102},[66,121969,2964],{"class":2641},[66,121971,110],{"class":102},[66,121973,349],{"class":106},[66,121975,1330],{"class":102},[20,121977,121978],{},[398,121979,148],{},[57,121981,121983],{"className":59,"code":121982,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121984,121985,122001],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121986,121987,121989,121991,121993,121995,121997,121999],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121988,3652],{"class":102},[66,121990,2729],{"class":478},[66,121992,121],{"class":102},[66,121994,561],{"class":478},[66,121996,121],{"class":102},[66,121998,2186],{"class":478},[66,122000,3383],{"class":102},[66,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122004,3033],{"class":76},[66,122006,3036],{"class":1797},[66,122008,3039],{"class":80},[66,122010,3188],{"class":84},[66,122012,3044],{"class":80},[66,122014,3047],{"class":76},[20,122016,122017,122018,122020],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[398,122019,4383],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[52,122022,4715,122024],{"id":122023},"when-to-use-str",[15,122025,47451],{},[20,122027,160,122028,122030],{},[15,122029,47451],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122032,36193],{},[33,122034,122035,122038,122041,122044],{},[36,122036,122037],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[36,122039,122040],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[36,122042,122043],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[36,122045,122046],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122048,923],{},[57,122050,122052],{"className":59,"code":122051,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122053,122054,122066,122074,122078,122113],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122055,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122057,7633],{"class":72},[66,122059,77],{"class":76},[66,122061,81],{"class":80},[66,122063,11272],{"class":84},[66,122065,88],{"class":80},[66,122067,122068,122070,122072],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122069,21392],{"class":72},[66,122071,77],{"class":76},[66,122073,44992],{"class":478},[66,122075,122076],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122077,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,122079,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100,122102,122104,122106,122108,122111],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,122081,89768],{"class":72},[66,122083,77],{"class":76},[66,122085,35735],{"class":72},[66,122087,1791],{"class":76},[66,122089,81],{"class":80},[66,122091,4537],{"class":84},[66,122093,113],{"class":80},[66,122095,2189],{"class":76},[66,122097,48672],{"class":2641},[66,122099,110],{"class":102},[66,122101,9060],{"class":106},[66,122103,3410],{"class":102},[66,122105,2189],{"class":76},[66,122107,81],{"class":80},[66,122109,122110],{"class":84}," years old.",[66,122112,88],{"class":80},[66,122114,122115,122117,122119,122121],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,122116,138],{"class":137},[66,122118,110],{"class":102},[66,122120,89785],{"class":106},[66,122122,131],{"class":102},[20,122124,122125],{},[398,122126,148],{},[57,122128,122130],{"className":59,"code":122129,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122131,122132],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122133,122134,122137,122139,122141,122144],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122135,122136],{"class":72},"Maya ",[66,122138,11956],{"class":76},[66,122140,9067],{"class":478},[66,122142,122143],{"class":72}," years old",[66,122145,122146],{"class":102},".\n",[20,122148,122149,122150,103],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[200,122151,89456],{"href":89455},[52,122153,122155,10348,122157],{"id":122154},"str-vs-print",[15,122156,47451],{},[15,122158,46219],{},[20,122160,122161],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[33,122163,122164,122169],{},[36,122165,122166,122168],{},[15,122167,47451],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[36,122170,122171,122173],{},[15,122172,46219],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122175,923],{},[57,122177,122179],{"className":59,"code":122178,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122180,122181,122189,122193,122207,122217,122231],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122182,122183,122185,122187],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122184,2181],{"class":72},[66,122186,77],{"class":76},[66,122188,2506],{"class":478},[66,122190,122191],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122192,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,122194,122195,122197,122199,122201,122203,122205],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122196,73],{"class":72},[66,122198,77],{"class":76},[66,122200,48672],{"class":2641},[66,122202,110],{"class":102},[66,122204,2208],{"class":106},[66,122206,131],{"class":102},[66,122208,122209,122211,122213,122215],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,122210,138],{"class":137},[66,122212,110],{"class":102},[66,122214,349],{"class":106},[66,122216,131],{"class":102},[66,122218,122219,122221,122223,122225,122227,122229],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,122220,138],{"class":137},[66,122222,110],{"class":102},[66,122224,2964],{"class":2641},[66,122226,110],{"class":102},[66,122228,349],{"class":106},[66,122230,1330],{"class":102},[66,122232,122233,122235,122237,122239,122241,122243],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,122234,138],{"class":137},[66,122236,110],{"class":102},[66,122238,2964],{"class":2641},[66,122240,110],{"class":102},[66,122242,2208],{"class":106},[66,122244,1330],{"class":102},[20,122246,122247],{},[398,122248,148],{},[57,122250,122252],{"className":59,"code":122251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122253,122254,122258,122272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122255,122256],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122257,46379],{"class":478},[66,122259,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122261,3033],{"class":76},[66,122263,3036],{"class":1797},[66,122265,3039],{"class":80},[66,122267,3188],{"class":84},[66,122269,3044],{"class":80},[66,122271,3047],{"class":76},[66,122273,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122275,3033],{"class":76},[66,122277,3036],{"class":1797},[66,122279,3039],{"class":80},[66,122281,1922],{"class":84},[66,122283,3044],{"class":80},[66,122285,3047],{"class":76},[20,122287,122288],{},"Notice:",[33,122290,122291,122297,122302],{},[36,122292,122293,122296],{},[15,122294,122295],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[36,122298,122299,122301],{},[15,122300,46219],{}," only displayed values",[36,122303,122304,122306,122307,122309,122310,61065,122312],{},[15,122305,46219],{}," did not change ",[15,122308,2208],{}," from ",[15,122311,1922],{},[15,122313,3188],{},[20,122315,122316,122317,103],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[200,122318,122319,2036],{"href":46216},[15,122320,46219],{},[52,122322,122324,10348,122326,122329],{"id":122323},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122325,47451],{},[15,122327,122328],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122331,122332],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[33,122334,122335,122340],{},[36,122336,122337,122339],{},[15,122338,47451],{}," is the more readable text version",[36,122341,122342,122344],{},[15,122343,122328],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122346,122347,122348,122350],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122349,47451],{}," much more often.",[20,122352,122353,122354,122356],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122355,47451],{}," is usually the right choice.",[52,122358,1105],{"id":1104},[258,122360,25540,122362,122364],{"id":122361},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122363,47451],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122366,122367,122369],{},[15,122368,47451],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[57,122371,122373],{"className":59,"code":122372,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122374,122375,122383,122397,122401,122411,122425,122435],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122376,122377,122379,122381],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122378,21392],{"class":72},[66,122380,77],{"class":76},[66,122382,44992],{"class":478},[66,122384,122385,122387,122389,122391,122393,122395],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122386,73],{"class":72},[66,122388,77],{"class":76},[66,122390,48672],{"class":2641},[66,122392,110],{"class":102},[66,122394,9060],{"class":106},[66,122396,131],{"class":102},[66,122398,122399],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122400,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,122402,122403,122405,122407,122409],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,122404,138],{"class":137},[66,122406,110],{"class":102},[66,122408,9060],{"class":106},[66,122410,131],{"class":102},[66,122412,122413,122415,122417,122419,122421,122423],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,122414,138],{"class":137},[66,122416,110],{"class":102},[66,122418,2964],{"class":2641},[66,122420,110],{"class":102},[66,122422,9060],{"class":106},[66,122424,1330],{"class":102},[66,122426,122427,122429,122431,122433],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,122428,138],{"class":137},[66,122430,110],{"class":102},[66,122432,349],{"class":106},[66,122434,131],{"class":102},[66,122436,122437,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,122438,138],{"class":137},[66,122440,110],{"class":102},[66,122442,2964],{"class":2641},[66,122444,110],{"class":102},[66,122446,349],{"class":106},[66,122448,1330],{"class":102},[20,122450,122451],{},[398,122452,148],{},[57,122454,122456],{"className":59,"code":122455,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122457,122458,122462,122476,122480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122459,122460],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122461,2446],{"class":478},[66,122463,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472,122474],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122465,3033],{"class":76},[66,122467,3036],{"class":1797},[66,122469,3039],{"class":80},[66,122471,1922],{"class":84},[66,122473,3044],{"class":80},[66,122475,3047],{"class":76},[66,122477,122478],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122479,2446],{"class":478},[66,122481,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,122483,3033],{"class":76},[66,122485,3036],{"class":1797},[66,122487,3039],{"class":80},[66,122489,3188],{"class":84},[66,122491,3044],{"class":80},[66,122493,3047],{"class":76},[258,122495,122497],{"id":122496},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122499,6442],{},[57,122501,122503],{"className":59,"code":122502,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122504,122505,122513],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122506,122507,122509,122511],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122508,21392],{"class":72},[66,122510,77],{"class":76},[66,122512,44992],{"class":478},[66,122514,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122516,73],{"class":72},[66,122518,77],{"class":76},[66,122520,48672],{"class":2641},[66,122522,110],{"class":102},[66,122524,9060],{"class":106},[66,122526,131],{"class":102},[20,122528,122529],{},"But if you only do this:",[57,122531,122533],{"className":59,"code":122532,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122534,122535,122543],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122536,122537,122539,122541],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122538,21392],{"class":72},[66,122540,77],{"class":76},[66,122542,44992],{"class":478},[66,122544,122545,122547,122549,122551],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122546,3188],{"class":2641},[66,122548,110],{"class":102},[66,122550,9060],{"class":106},[66,122552,131],{"class":102},[20,122554,122555],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[258,122557,8176,122559,122561],{"id":122558},"using-str-too-early",[15,122560,47451],{}," too early",[20,122563,122564],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[57,122566,122568],{"className":59,"code":122567,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122569,122570,122578,122593,122597],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122571,122572,122574,122576],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122573,40154],{"class":72},[66,122575,77],{"class":76},[66,122577,2324],{"class":478},[66,122579,122580,122583,122585,122587,122589,122591],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122581,122582],{"class":72},"text_price ",[66,122584,77],{"class":76},[66,122586,48672],{"class":2641},[66,122588,110],{"class":102},[66,122590,24915],{"class":106},[66,122592,131],{"class":102},[66,122594,122595],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122596,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,122598,122599],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,122600,122601],{"class":3413},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122603,122604,122605,2617,122609,122613],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[200,122606,122607],{"href":2613},[15,122608,2616],{},[200,122610,122611],{"href":2620},[15,122612,2623],{},", depending on the situation.",[258,122615,1119,122617,122620],{"id":122616},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122618,122619],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122622,64407],{},[57,122624,122626],{"className":59,"code":122625,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122627,122628,122660],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122629,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640,122642,122644,122646,122648,122650,122652,122654,122656,122658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122631,7535],{"class":72},[66,122633,77],{"class":76},[66,122635,3370],{"class":102},[66,122637,113],{"class":80},[66,122639,3832],{"class":84},[66,122641,113],{"class":80},[66,122643,121],{"class":102},[66,122645,81],{"class":80},[66,122647,627],{"class":84},[66,122649,113],{"class":80},[66,122651,121],{"class":102},[66,122653,81],{"class":80},[66,122655,32989],{"class":84},[66,122657,113],{"class":80},[66,122659,3383],{"class":102},[66,122661,122662,122664,122666,122668,122670,122672],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122663,138],{"class":137},[66,122665,110],{"class":102},[66,122667,3188],{"class":2641},[66,122669,110],{"class":102},[66,122671,7566],{"class":106},[66,122673,1330],{"class":102},[20,122675,122676],{},"prints:",[57,122678,122679],{"className":59,"code":72600,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,122680,122681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122682,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122684,3652],{"class":102},[66,122686,3044],{"class":80},[66,122688,3832],{"class":84},[66,122690,3044],{"class":80},[66,122692,121],{"class":102},[66,122694,3039],{"class":80},[66,122696,627],{"class":84},[66,122698,3044],{"class":80},[66,122700,121],{"class":102},[66,122702,3039],{"class":80},[66,122704,32989],{"class":84},[66,122706,3044],{"class":80},[66,122708,3383],{"class":102},[20,122710,122711],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[52,122713,17180],{"id":17179},[20,122715,122716,21739,122718,103],{},[15,122717,47451],{},[398,122719,122720],{},"new string",[20,122722,11221],{},[33,122724,122725,122728,122731],{},[36,122726,122727],{},"It always returns a string",[36,122729,122730],{},"It does not modify the original object",[36,122732,7518,122733,122737],{},[200,122734,122735],{"href":2032},[15,122736,2035],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122739,923],{},[57,122741,122743],{"className":59,"code":122742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122744,122745,122753,122768,122772,122783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122746,122747,122749,122751],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122748,2181],{"class":72},[66,122750,77],{"class":76},[66,122752,13892],{"class":478},[66,122754,122755,122758,122760,122762,122764,122766],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122756,122757],{"class":72},"converted ",[66,122759,77],{"class":76},[66,122761,48672],{"class":2641},[66,122763,110],{"class":102},[66,122765,2208],{"class":106},[66,122767,131],{"class":102},[66,122769,122770],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122771,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,122773,122774,122776,122778,122781],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,122775,138],{"class":137},[66,122777,110],{"class":102},[66,122779,122780],{"class":106},"converted",[66,122782,131],{"class":102},[66,122784,122785,122787,122789,122791,122793,122795],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,122786,138],{"class":137},[66,122788,110],{"class":102},[66,122790,2964],{"class":2641},[66,122792,110],{"class":102},[66,122794,122780],{"class":106},[66,122796,1330],{"class":102},[20,122798,122799],{},[398,122800,148],{},[57,122802,122804],{"className":59,"code":122803,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122805,122806,122811],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122807,122808],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122809,122810],{"class":478},"99\n",[66,122812,122813,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122814,3033],{"class":76},[66,122816,3036],{"class":1797},[66,122818,3039],{"class":80},[66,122820,3188],{"class":84},[66,122822,3044],{"class":80},[66,122824,3047],{"class":76},[52,122826,113486],{"id":113485},[20,122828,122829,122830,74579],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122831,47451],{},[33,122833,122834,122837,122840,122845],{},[36,122835,122836],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[36,122838,122839],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[36,122841,8176,122842,122844],{},[15,122843,47451],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[36,122846,122847],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122849,122850,122851,103],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[200,122852,25445,122853],{"href":90166},[15,122854,90167],{},[52,122856,122858],{"id":122857},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122860,122861],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[57,122863,122865],{"className":59,"code":122864,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122866,122867,122875,122879,122889,122903,122907,122921,122931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122868,122869,122871,122873],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122870,2181],{"class":72},[66,122872,77],{"class":76},[66,122874,44992],{"class":478},[66,122876,122877],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,122878,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,122880,122881,122883,122885,122887],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,122882,138],{"class":137},[66,122884,110],{"class":102},[66,122886,2208],{"class":106},[66,122888,131],{"class":102},[66,122890,122891,122893,122895,122897,122899,122901],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,122892,138],{"class":137},[66,122894,110],{"class":102},[66,122896,2964],{"class":2641},[66,122898,110],{"class":102},[66,122900,2208],{"class":106},[66,122902,1330],{"class":102},[66,122904,122905],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,122906,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,122908,122909,122911,122913,122915,122917,122919],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,122910,122757],{"class":72},[66,122912,77],{"class":76},[66,122914,48672],{"class":2641},[66,122916,110],{"class":102},[66,122918,2208],{"class":106},[66,122920,131],{"class":102},[66,122922,122923,122925,122927,122929],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,122924,138],{"class":137},[66,122926,110],{"class":102},[66,122928,122780],{"class":106},[66,122930,131],{"class":102},[66,122932,122933,122935,122937,122939,122941,122943],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,122934,138],{"class":137},[66,122936,110],{"class":102},[66,122938,2964],{"class":2641},[66,122940,110],{"class":102},[66,122942,122780],{"class":106},[66,122944,1330],{"class":102},[20,122946,122947,122948,1923,122950,122952,122953,103],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122949,1922],{},[15,122951,1926],{},", or another type into ",[15,122954,3188],{},[52,122956,1518],{"id":1517},[258,122958,4897,122960,4900],{"id":122959},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122961,47451],{},[20,122963,122964],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[258,122966,1522,122968,122970],{"id":122967},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122969,47451],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122972,122973],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[258,122975,1573,122977,122979],{"id":122976},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122978,47451],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122981,122982],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[258,122984,94351,122986,122988],{"id":122985},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122987,47451],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122990,122991],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[258,122993,1610,122995,56974,122997,2228],{"id":122994},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122996,47451],{},[15,122998,46219],{},[20,123000,46132,123001,123003,123004,123006],{},[15,123002,47451],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123005,46219],{}," shows output.",[52,123008,1620],{"id":1619},[33,123010,123011,123017,123023,123029,123035,123044,123048],{},[36,123012,123013],{},[200,123014,123015,3254],{"href":46216},[15,123016,46219],{},[36,123018,123019],{},[200,123020,123021,3254],{"href":2032},[15,123022,2035],{},[36,123024,123025],{},[200,123026,123027,3254],{"href":2613},[15,123028,2616],{},[36,123030,123031],{},[200,123032,123033,3254],{"href":2620},[15,123034,2623],{},[36,123036,123037],{},[200,123038,123040,123041,123043],{"href":123039},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123042,1922],{}," to string in Python",[36,123045,123046],{},[200,123047,90443],{"href":89455},[36,123049,123050],{},[200,123051,30114,123052],{"href":90166},[15,123053,90167],{},[1651,123055,123056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":123058},[123059,123060,123062,123063,123069,123071,123073,123075,123084,123085,123086,123087,123099],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":121477,"depth":91,"text":123061},"What str() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":121644,"depth":91,"text":121645,"children":123064},[123065,123066,123067,123068],{"id":121648,"depth":134,"text":121649},{"id":121734,"depth":134,"text":121735},{"id":121821,"depth":134,"text":121822},{"id":121907,"depth":134,"text":121908},{"id":122023,"depth":91,"text":123070},"When to use str()",{"id":122154,"depth":91,"text":123072},"str() vs print()",{"id":122323,"depth":91,"text":123074},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1104,"depth":91,"text":1105,"children":123076},[123077,123079,123080,123082],{"id":122361,"depth":134,"text":123078},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122496,"depth":134,"text":122497},{"id":122558,"depth":134,"text":123081},"Using str() too early",{"id":122616,"depth":134,"text":123083},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":113485,"depth":91,"text":113486},{"id":122857,"depth":91,"text":122858},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":123088},[123089,123091,123093,123095,123097],{"id":122959,"depth":134,"text":123090},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122967,"depth":134,"text":123092},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122976,"depth":134,"text":123094},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122985,"depth":134,"text":123096},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122994,"depth":134,"text":123098},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41942,"description":123100},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123107,"title":123108,"body":123109,"description":124550,"extension":1694,"meta":124551,"navigation":338,"path":124552,"seo":124553,"stem":124554,"__hash__":124555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123110,"toc":124512},[123111,123116,123121,123124,123146,123148,123210,123212,123225,123231,123236,123241,123243,123256,123267,123269,123296,123298,123315,123322,123333,123335,123340,123342,123354,123362,123371,123373,123376,123429,123431,123439,123447,123451,123456,123496,123498,123506,123509,123511,123551,123553,123561,123570,123576,123579,123652,123654,123667,123671,123676,123704,123707,123742,123744,123752,123755,123757,123761,123763,123779,123781,123821,123823,123831,123838,123881,123883,123891,123893,123897,123903,123906,123946,123948,123956,123961,123964,124007,124011,124014,124049,124054,124056,124095,124105,124113,124123,124131,124135,124140,124142,124183,124185,124193,124198,124201,124204,124222,124228,124232,124237,124240,124278,124280,124285,124384,124387,124403,124405,124424,124426,124432,124435,124440,124443,124449,124453,124459,124462,124468,124471,124473,124509],[10,123112,13,123114,18],{"id":123113},"python-string-count-method",[15,123115,57059],{},[20,123117,22,123118,123120],{},[15,123119,57059],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123122,123123],{},"This reference page explains:",[33,123125,123126,123130,123133,123135,123143],{},[36,123127,38,123128,41],{},[15,123129,57059],{},[36,123131,123132],{},"its syntax",[36,123134,35160],{},[36,123136,123137,123138,798,123140,123142],{},"how ",[15,123139,35839],{},[15,123141,52428],{}," work",[36,123144,123145],{},"common beginner mistakes",[52,123147,55],{"id":54},[57,123149,123151],{"className":59,"code":123150,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123152,123153,123165,123187],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123154,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123156,73],{"class":72},[66,123158,77],{"class":76},[66,123160,81],{"class":80},[66,123162,627],{"class":84},[66,123164,88],{"class":80},[66,123166,123167,123169,123171,123173,123175,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123168,138],{"class":137},[66,123170,110],{"class":102},[66,123172,349],{"class":106},[66,123174,103],{"class":102},[66,123176,195],{"class":106},[66,123178,110],{"class":102},[66,123180,113],{"class":80},[66,123182,200],{"class":84},[66,123184,113],{"class":80},[66,123186,1330],{"class":102},[66,123188,123189,123191,123193,123195,123197,123199,123201,123203,123206,123208],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,123190,138],{"class":137},[66,123192,110],{"class":102},[66,123194,349],{"class":106},[66,123196,103],{"class":102},[66,123198,195],{"class":106},[66,123200,110],{"class":102},[66,123202,113],{"class":80},[66,123204,123205],{"class":84},"na",[66,123207,113],{"class":80},[66,123209,1330],{"class":102},[20,123211,148],{},[57,123213,123215],{"className":59,"code":123214,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n2\n",[15,123216,123217,123221],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123218,123219],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123220,46384],{"class":478},[66,123222,123223],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123224,16819],{"class":478},[20,123226,160,123227,123230],{},[15,123228,123229],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[52,123232,12759,123234,12762],{"id":123233},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123235,57059],{},[20,123237,123238,123240],{},[15,123239,57059],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123242,178],{},[33,123244,123245,123248,123251,123253],{},[36,123246,123247],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[36,123249,123250],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[36,123252,43424],{},[36,123254,123255],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123257,123258,123259,123261,123262,1923,123264,123266],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123260,17858],{}," characters are in ",[15,123263,65038],{},[15,123265,57059],{}," is a simple choice.",[52,123268,1891],{"id":1890},[57,123270,123272],{"className":59,"code":123271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123273,123274],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123275,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123277,217],{"class":72},[66,123279,103],{"class":102},[66,123281,195],{"class":106},[66,123283,110],{"class":102},[66,123285,2208],{"class":106},[66,123287,121],{"class":102},[66,123289,35818],{"class":106},[66,123291,121],{"class":102},[66,123293,64804],{"class":106},[66,123295,131],{"class":102},[258,123297,261],{"id":260},[33,123299,123300,123305,123310],{},[36,123301,123302,123304],{},[15,123303,2208],{},": the text to search for",[36,123306,123307,123309],{},[15,123308,35839],{},": optional; where counting begins",[36,123311,123312,123314],{},[15,123313,52428],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123316,123317,798,123319,123321],{},[15,123318,35839],{},[15,123320,52428],{}," work like slice positions:",[33,123323,123324,123329],{},[36,123325,123326,123328],{},[15,123327,35839],{}," is included",[36,123330,123331,75505],{},[15,123332,52428],{},[52,123334,17180],{"id":17179},[20,123336,123337,123339],{},[15,123338,57059],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123341,1858],{},[33,123343,123344,123349],{},[36,123345,123346,123347],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123348,1794],{},[36,123350,123351,123352],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123353,1852],{},[20,123355,40673,123356,4916,123358,2617,123360,103],{},[398,123357,4383],{},[15,123359,3350],{},[15,123361,3424],{},[20,123363,123364,123365,123370],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[200,123366,123368,101361],{"href":123367},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123369,3634],{}," is often a better fit.",[52,123372,11238],{"id":11237},[20,123374,123375],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[57,123377,123379],{"className":59,"code":123378,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123380,123381,123393,123415,123419],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123382,123383,123385,123387,123389,123391],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123384,73],{"class":72},[66,123386,77],{"class":76},[66,123388,81],{"class":80},[66,123390,3832],{"class":84},[66,123392,88],{"class":80},[66,123394,123395,123397,123399,123401,123403,123405,123407,123409,123411,123413],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123396,447],{"class":72},[66,123398,77],{"class":76},[66,123400,99],{"class":72},[66,123402,103],{"class":102},[66,123404,195],{"class":106},[66,123406,110],{"class":102},[66,123408,113],{"class":80},[66,123410,20],{"class":84},[66,123412,113],{"class":80},[66,123414,131],{"class":102},[66,123416,123417],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,123418,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,123420,123421,123423,123425,123427],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,123422,138],{"class":137},[66,123424,110],{"class":102},[66,123426,494],{"class":106},[66,123428,131],{"class":102},[20,123430,148],{},[57,123432,123433],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123434,123435],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123436,123437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123438,16819],{"class":478},[20,123440,63584,123441,123444,123445,103],{},[15,123442,123443],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123446,57602],{},[52,123448,123450],{"id":123449},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123452,123453,123455],{},[15,123454,57059],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[57,123457,123459],{"className":59,"code":123458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123460,123461,123474],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123462,123463,123465,123467,123469,123472],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123464,73],{"class":72},[66,123466,77],{"class":76},[66,123468,81],{"class":80},[66,123470,123471],{"class":84},"cat dog cat bird cat",[66,123473,88],{"class":80},[66,123475,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123477,138],{"class":137},[66,123479,110],{"class":102},[66,123481,349],{"class":106},[66,123483,103],{"class":102},[66,123485,195],{"class":106},[66,123487,110],{"class":102},[66,123489,113],{"class":80},[66,123491,462],{"class":84},[66,123493,113],{"class":80},[66,123495,1330],{"class":102},[20,123497,148],{},[57,123499,123500],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123501,123502],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123503,123504],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123505,46384],{"class":478},[20,123507,123508],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123510,923],{},[57,123512,123514],{"className":59,"code":123513,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123515,123516,123529],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123517,123518,123520,123522,123524,123527],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123519,73],{"class":72},[66,123521,77],{"class":76},[66,123523,81],{"class":80},[66,123525,123526],{"class":84},"one One one",[66,123528,88],{"class":80},[66,123530,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123532,138],{"class":137},[66,123534,110],{"class":102},[66,123536,349],{"class":106},[66,123538,103],{"class":102},[66,123540,195],{"class":106},[66,123542,110],{"class":102},[66,123544,113],{"class":80},[66,123546,6339],{"class":84},[66,123548,113],{"class":80},[66,123550,1330],{"class":102},[20,123552,148],{},[57,123554,123555],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123556,123557],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123558,123559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123560,16819],{"class":478},[20,123562,123563,123564,123567,123568,791],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123565,123566],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123569,57059],{},[52,123571,8176,123572,798,123574],{"id":65170},[15,123573,35839],{},[15,123575,52428],{},[20,123577,123578],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[57,123580,123582],{"className":59,"code":123581,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123583,123584,123596,123622],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123585,123586,123588,123590,123592,123594],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123587,73],{"class":72},[66,123589,77],{"class":76},[66,123591,81],{"class":80},[66,123593,627],{"class":84},[66,123595,88],{"class":80},[66,123597,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123599,138],{"class":137},[66,123601,110],{"class":102},[66,123603,349],{"class":106},[66,123605,103],{"class":102},[66,123607,195],{"class":106},[66,123609,110],{"class":102},[66,123611,113],{"class":80},[66,123613,200],{"class":84},[66,123615,113],{"class":80},[66,123617,121],{"class":102},[66,123619,561],{"class":478},[66,123621,1330],{"class":102},[66,123623,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,123625,138],{"class":137},[66,123627,110],{"class":102},[66,123629,349],{"class":106},[66,123631,103],{"class":102},[66,123633,195],{"class":106},[66,123635,110],{"class":102},[66,123637,113],{"class":80},[66,123639,200],{"class":84},[66,123641,113],{"class":80},[66,123643,121],{"class":102},[66,123645,561],{"class":478},[66,123647,121],{"class":102},[66,123649,4357],{"class":478},[66,123651,1330],{"class":102},[20,123653,148],{},[57,123655,123657],{"className":59,"code":123656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n1\n",[15,123658,123659,123663],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123660,123661],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123662,16819],{"class":478},[66,123664,123665],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123666,46684],{"class":478},[258,123668,123670],{"id":123669},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123672,123673,123674,1111],{},"In ",[15,123675,65038],{},[33,123677,123678,123686,123694],{},[36,123679,70729,123680,123682,123683],{},[15,123681,1788],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123684,123685],{},"\"n\"",[36,123687,123688,123691,123692,75803],{},[15,123689,123690],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123693,1788],{},[36,123695,123696,123691,123699,123701,123702],{},[15,123697,123698],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123700,1788],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123703,1869],{},[20,123705,123706],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[57,123708,123710],{"className":59,"code":123709,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123711,123712,123724],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123713,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123715,73],{"class":72},[66,123717,77],{"class":76},[66,123719,81],{"class":80},[66,123721,627],{"class":84},[66,123723,88],{"class":80},[66,123725,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123727,138],{"class":137},[66,123729,110],{"class":102},[66,123731,349],{"class":106},[66,123733,3652],{"class":102},[66,123735,1788],{"class":478},[66,123737,1111],{"class":102},[66,123739,1869],{"class":478},[66,123741,3640],{"class":102},[20,123743,148],{},[57,123745,123746],{"className":59,"code":41235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123747,123748],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123749,123750],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123751,41235],{"class":72},[20,123753,123754],{},"Only that section is searched.",[52,123756,786],{"id":785},[20,123758,123759,791],{},[15,123760,57059],{},[20,123762,1839],{},[33,123764,123765,123773],{},[36,123766,123767,798,123769,123772],{},[15,123768,17858],{},[15,123770,123771],{},"\"A\""," are different",[36,123774,123775,798,123777,123772],{},[15,123776,1347],{},[15,123778,1350],{},[20,123780,923],{},[57,123782,123784],{"className":59,"code":123783,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123785,123786,123799],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123787,123788,123790,123792,123794,123797],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123789,73],{"class":72},[66,123791,77],{"class":76},[66,123793,81],{"class":80},[66,123795,123796],{"class":84},"Apple apple APPLE",[66,123798,88],{"class":80},[66,123800,123801,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123802,138],{"class":137},[66,123804,110],{"class":102},[66,123806,349],{"class":106},[66,123808,103],{"class":102},[66,123810,195],{"class":106},[66,123812,110],{"class":102},[66,123814,113],{"class":80},[66,123816,3832],{"class":84},[66,123818,113],{"class":80},[66,123820,1330],{"class":102},[20,123822,148],{},[57,123824,123825],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123826,123827],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123828,123829],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123830,46684],{"class":478},[20,123832,123833,123834,1111],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[200,123835,123836],{"href":895},[15,123837,898],{},[57,123839,123841],{"className":59,"code":123840,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123842,123843,123855],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123844,123845,123847,123849,123851,123853],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123846,73],{"class":72},[66,123848,77],{"class":76},[66,123850,81],{"class":80},[66,123852,123796],{"class":84},[66,123854,88],{"class":80},[66,123856,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123858,138],{"class":137},[66,123860,110],{"class":102},[66,123862,349],{"class":106},[66,123864,103],{"class":102},[66,123866,8399],{"class":106},[66,123868,8396],{"class":102},[66,123870,195],{"class":106},[66,123872,110],{"class":102},[66,123874,113],{"class":80},[66,123876,3832],{"class":84},[66,123878,113],{"class":80},[66,123880,1330],{"class":102},[20,123882,148],{},[57,123884,123885],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123886,123887],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123888,123889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123890,46384],{"class":478},[52,123892,2568],{"id":2567},[20,123894,22859,123895,103],{},[15,123896,57059],{},[258,123898,1119,123900,123902],{"id":123899},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123901,57059],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123904,123905],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[57,123907,123909],{"className":59,"code":123908,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123910,123911,123924],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123912,123913,123915,123917,123919,123922],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123914,73],{"class":72},[66,123916,77],{"class":76},[66,123918,81],{"class":80},[66,123920,123921],{"class":84},"Aardvark",[66,123923,88],{"class":80},[66,123925,123926,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123927,138],{"class":137},[66,123929,110],{"class":102},[66,123931,349],{"class":106},[66,123933,103],{"class":102},[66,123935,195],{"class":106},[66,123937,110],{"class":102},[66,123939,113],{"class":80},[66,123941,200],{"class":84},[66,123943,113],{"class":80},[66,123945,1330],{"class":102},[20,123947,148],{},[57,123949,123950],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123951,123952],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123953,123954],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123955,16819],{"class":478},[20,123957,123563,123958,123960],{},[15,123959,123771],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123962,123963],{},"If needed, convert first:",[57,123965,123967],{"className":59,"code":123966,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123968,123969,123981],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123970,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123972,73],{"class":72},[66,123974,77],{"class":76},[66,123976,81],{"class":80},[66,123978,123921],{"class":84},[66,123980,88],{"class":80},[66,123982,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,123984,138],{"class":137},[66,123986,110],{"class":102},[66,123988,349],{"class":106},[66,123990,103],{"class":102},[66,123992,8399],{"class":106},[66,123994,8396],{"class":102},[66,123996,195],{"class":106},[66,123998,110],{"class":102},[66,124000,113],{"class":80},[66,124002,200],{"class":84},[66,124004,113],{"class":80},[66,124006,1330],{"class":102},[258,124008,124010],{"id":124009},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124012,124013],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[57,124015,124017],{"className":59,"code":124016,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124018,124019,124031],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124020,124021,124023,124025,124027,124029],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124022,73],{"class":72},[66,124024,77],{"class":76},[66,124026,81],{"class":80},[66,124028,627],{"class":84},[66,124030,88],{"class":80},[66,124032,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124034,138],{"class":137},[66,124036,110],{"class":102},[66,124038,349],{"class":106},[66,124040,103],{"class":102},[66,124042,195],{"class":106},[66,124044,110],{"class":102},[66,124046,200],{"class":106},[66,124048,1330],{"class":102},[20,124050,124051,124052,103],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124053,200],{},[20,124055,1209],{},[57,124057,124059],{"className":59,"code":124058,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124060,124061,124073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124062,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124064,73],{"class":72},[66,124066,77],{"class":76},[66,124068,81],{"class":80},[66,124070,627],{"class":84},[66,124072,88],{"class":80},[66,124074,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085,124087,124089,124091,124093],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124076,138],{"class":137},[66,124078,110],{"class":102},[66,124080,349],{"class":106},[66,124082,103],{"class":102},[66,124084,195],{"class":106},[66,124086,110],{"class":102},[66,124088,113],{"class":80},[66,124090,200],{"class":84},[66,124092,113],{"class":80},[66,124094,1330],{"class":102},[258,124096,1128,124098,8464,124100,2617,124103],{"id":124097},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124099,57059],{},[15,124101,124102],{},"find()",[15,124104,58736],{},[20,124106,160,124107,124109,124110,103],{},[15,124108,57059],{}," when you need the ",[398,124111,124112],{},"number of matches",[20,124114,160,124115,124109,124120,124122],{},[200,124116,124118],{"href":124117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124119,124102],{},[398,124121,64710],{}," of the first match.",[20,124124,160,124125,124130],{},[200,124126,124128],{"href":124127},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124129,58736],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[258,124132,124134],{"id":124133},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124136,124137,124139],{},[15,124138,57059],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124141,923],{},[57,124143,124145],{"className":59,"code":124144,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124146,124147,124160],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124148,124149,124151,124153,124155,124158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124150,73],{"class":72},[66,124152,77],{"class":76},[66,124154,81],{"class":80},[66,124156,124157],{"class":84},"aaaa",[66,124159,88],{"class":80},[66,124161,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174,124176,124179,124181],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124163,138],{"class":137},[66,124165,110],{"class":102},[66,124167,349],{"class":106},[66,124169,103],{"class":102},[66,124171,195],{"class":106},[66,124173,110],{"class":102},[66,124175,113],{"class":80},[66,124177,124178],{"class":84},"aa",[66,124180,113],{"class":80},[66,124182,1330],{"class":102},[20,124184,148],{},[57,124186,124187],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,124188,124189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124190,124191],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124192,16819],{"class":478},[20,124194,124195,124196,103],{},"It does not return ",[15,124197,1794],{},[20,124199,124200],{},"Why not?",[20,124202,124203],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[33,124205,124206,124215],{},[36,124207,124208,124211,124212],{},[15,124209,124210],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124213,124214],{},"0-1",[36,124216,124217,124211,124219],{},[15,124218,124210],{},[15,124220,124221],{},"2-3",[20,124223,124224,124225,103],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124226,124227],{},"1-2",[52,124229,4715,124230],{"id":58141},[15,124231,57059],{},[20,124233,160,124234,124236],{},[15,124235,57059],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124238,124239],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[33,124241,124242,124251,124261,124271],{},[36,124243,160,124244,124246,124247,124250],{},[15,124245,57059],{}," when you need ",[398,124248,124249],{},"how many times"," something appears",[36,124252,160,124253,124246,124257,124260],{},[200,124254,124255],{"href":124117},[15,124256,124102],{},[398,124258,124259],{},"where"," it appears",[36,124262,47578,124263,124267,124268],{},[200,124264,124265,101361],{"href":123367},[15,124266,3634],{}," when you only need to know ",[398,124269,124270],{},"if it exists",[36,124272,160,124273,124277],{},[200,124274,124275],{"href":597},[15,124276,17],{}," when you want to change matching text",[52,124279,25708],{"id":25707},[20,124281,8635,124282,124284],{},[15,124283,57059],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[57,124286,124288],{"className":59,"code":124287,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124289,124290,124300,124314,124336,124362],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124291,124292,124294,124296,124298],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124293,138],{"class":137},[66,124295,110],{"class":102},[66,124297,349],{"class":106},[66,124299,131],{"class":102},[66,124301,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310,124312],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124303,138],{"class":137},[66,124305,110],{"class":102},[66,124307,2964],{"class":2641},[66,124309,110],{"class":102},[66,124311,349],{"class":106},[66,124313,1330],{"class":102},[66,124315,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,124317,138],{"class":137},[66,124319,110],{"class":102},[66,124321,349],{"class":106},[66,124323,103],{"class":102},[66,124325,195],{"class":106},[66,124327,110],{"class":102},[66,124329,113],{"class":80},[66,124331,200],{"class":84},[66,124333,113],{"class":80},[66,124335,1330],{"class":102},[66,124337,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354,124356,124358,124360],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,124339,138],{"class":137},[66,124341,110],{"class":102},[66,124343,349],{"class":106},[66,124345,103],{"class":102},[66,124347,8399],{"class":106},[66,124349,8396],{"class":102},[66,124351,195],{"class":106},[66,124353,110],{"class":102},[66,124355,113],{"class":80},[66,124357,200],{"class":84},[66,124359,113],{"class":80},[66,124361,1330],{"class":102},[66,124363,124364,124366,124368,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378,124380,124382],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,124365,138],{"class":137},[66,124367,110],{"class":102},[66,124369,349],{"class":106},[66,124371,103],{"class":102},[66,124373,195],{"class":106},[66,124375,110],{"class":102},[66,124377,113],{"class":80},[66,124379,123205],{"class":84},[66,124381,113],{"class":80},[66,124383,1330],{"class":102},[20,124385,124386],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[33,124388,124389,124392,124397,124400],{},[36,124390,124391],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,124393,124394,124396],{},[15,124395,349],{}," not being a string",[36,124398,124399],{},"counting the wrong substring",[36,124401,124402],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124404,58630],{},[33,124406,124407,124410,124413,124416],{},[36,124408,124409],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[36,124411,124412],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[36,124414,124415],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[36,124417,50259,124418,44396,124420,2617,124422,73075],{},[15,124419,57059],{},[15,124421,124102],{},[15,124423,3634],{},[52,124425,1518],{"id":1517},[258,124427,124429,124430,1525],{"id":124428},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124431,57059],{},[20,124433,124434],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[258,124436,1610,124438,1613],{"id":124437},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124439,57059],{},[20,124441,124442],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[258,124444,4897,124446,124448],{"id":124445},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124447,57059],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124450,4903,124451,103],{},[15,124452,1852],{},[258,124454,1573,124456,124458],{"id":124455},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124457,57059],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124460,124461],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[258,124463,1522,124465,124467],{"id":124464},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124466,57059],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124469,124470],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[52,124472,1620],{"id":1619},[33,124474,124475,124482,124489,124496,124503],{},[36,124476,124477],{},[200,124478,124479],{"href":124117},[15,124480,124481],{},"Python string find() method",[36,124483,124484],{},[200,124485,124486],{"href":124127},[15,124487,124488],{},"Python string index() method",[36,124490,124491],{},[200,124492,124493],{"href":895},[15,124494,124495],{},"Python string lower() method",[36,124497,124498],{},[200,124499,124500],{"href":123367},[15,124501,124502],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,124504,124505],{},[200,124506,124507],{"href":597},[15,124508,1627],{},[1651,124510,124511],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":124513},[124514,124515,124517,124520,124521,124522,124523,124526,124527,124535,124536,124537,124549],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":123233,"depth":91,"text":124516},"What the count() method does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":124518},[124519],{"id":260,"depth":134,"text":261},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":123449,"depth":91,"text":123450},{"id":65170,"depth":91,"text":65953,"children":124524},[124525],{"id":123669,"depth":134,"text":123670},{"id":785,"depth":91,"text":786},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":124528},[124529,124531,124532,124534],{"id":123899,"depth":134,"text":124530},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124009,"depth":134,"text":124010},{"id":124097,"depth":134,"text":124533},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124133,"depth":134,"text":124134},{"id":58141,"depth":91,"text":58772},{"id":25707,"depth":91,"text":25708},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":124538},[124539,124541,124543,124545,124547],{"id":124428,"depth":134,"text":124540},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124437,"depth":134,"text":124542},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124445,"depth":134,"text":124544},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124455,"depth":134,"text":124546},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124464,"depth":134,"text":124548},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123108,"description":124550},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124557,"title":124558,"body":124559,"description":126141,"extension":1694,"meta":126142,"navigation":338,"path":126143,"seo":126144,"stem":126145,"__hash__":126146},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124560,"toc":126114},[124561,124564,124567,124664,124673,124675,124694,124698,124701,124704,124717,124720,124749,124754,124759,124817,124819,124852,124856,124860,124863,124866,124895,124898,124925,124928,124931,124935,124938,124945,125008,125010,125028,125031,125035,125038,125041,125083,125086,125130,125133,125136,125140,125145,125148,125191,125193,125216,125219,125252,125255,125304,125314,125318,125321,125324,125353,125356,125367,125369,125428,125431,125435,125438,125441,125456,125465,125468,125502,125505,125532,125535,125542,125544,125547,125549,125552,125566,125575,125577,125604,125608,125611,125625,125628,125687,125691,125694,125721,125724,125751,125759,125762,125822,125824,125857,125861,125864,125883,125888,125937,125942,125944,125947,126006,126024,126026,126030,126038,126042,126045,126049,126055,126059,126069,126073,126076,126078,126111],[10,124562,124558],{"id":124563},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124565,124566],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[57,124568,124570],{"className":59,"code":124569,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124571,124572,124584,124596,124605,124619,124623,124633,124643,124654],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124573,124574,124576,124578,124580,124582],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124575,7633],{"class":72},[66,124577,77],{"class":76},[66,124579,81],{"class":80},[66,124581,4758],{"class":84},[66,124583,88],{"class":80},[66,124585,124586,124588,124590,124592,124594],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124587,89768],{"class":72},[66,124589,77],{"class":76},[66,124591,3039],{"class":80},[66,124593,1296],{"class":84},[66,124595,29466],{"class":80},[66,124597,124598,124601,124603],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,124599,124600],{"class":72},"empty ",[66,124602,77],{"class":76},[66,124604,7638],{"class":80},[66,124606,124607,124609,124611,124613,124615,124617],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,124608,73],{"class":72},[66,124610,77],{"class":76},[66,124612,48672],{"class":2641},[66,124614,110],{"class":102},[66,124616,50013],{"class":478},[66,124618,131],{"class":102},[66,124620,124621],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,124622,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,124624,124625,124627,124629,124631],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,124626,138],{"class":137},[66,124628,110],{"class":102},[66,124630,7423],{"class":106},[66,124632,131],{"class":102},[66,124634,124635,124637,124639,124641],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,124636,138],{"class":137},[66,124638,110],{"class":102},[66,124640,89785],{"class":106},[66,124642,131],{"class":102},[66,124644,124645,124647,124649,124652],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,124646,138],{"class":137},[66,124648,110],{"class":102},[66,124650,124651],{"class":106},"empty",[66,124653,131],{"class":102},[66,124655,124656,124658,124660,124662],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,124657,138],{"class":137},[66,124659,110],{"class":102},[66,124661,349],{"class":106},[66,124663,131],{"class":102},[20,124665,124666,124669,124670,124672],{},[398,124667,124668],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124671,47451],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[52,124674,14924],{"id":14923},[33,124676,124677,124680,124683,124686,124691],{},[36,124678,124679],{},"What a string is in Python",[36,124681,124682],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[36,124684,124685],{},"How to create an empty string",[36,124687,124688,124689],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124690,47451],{},[36,124692,124693],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[52,124695,124697],{"id":124696},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124699,124700],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124702,124703],{},"Strings can contain:",[33,124705,124706,124709,124711,124714],{},[36,124707,124708],{},"Letters",[36,124710,56230],{},[36,124712,124713],{},"Spaces",[36,124715,124716],{},"Symbols",[20,124718,124719],{},"Examples of strings:",[57,124721,124723],{"className":59,"code":124722,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124724,124725,124733,124741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124726,124727,124729,124731],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124728,113],{"class":43094},[66,124730,939],{"class":43098},[66,124732,88],{"class":43094},[66,124734,124735,124737,124739],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124736,113],{"class":43094},[66,124738,50013],{"class":43098},[66,124740,88],{"class":43094},[66,124742,124743,124745,124747],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,124744,113],{"class":43094},[66,124746,88912],{"class":43098},[66,124748,88],{"class":43094},[20,124750,20741,124751,124753],{},[15,124752,50063],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124755,124756,124757,1111],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124758,2035],{},[57,124760,124762],{"className":59,"code":124761,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124763,124764,124776,124785,124789,124803],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124765,124766,124768,124770,124772,124774],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124767,73],{"class":72},[66,124769,77],{"class":76},[66,124771,81],{"class":80},[66,124773,50013],{"class":84},[66,124775,88],{"class":80},[66,124777,124778,124780,124782],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124779,1951],{"class":72},[66,124781,77],{"class":76},[66,124783,124784],{"class":478}," 123\n",[66,124786,124787],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,124788,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,124790,124791,124793,124795,124797,124799,124801],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,124792,138],{"class":137},[66,124794,110],{"class":102},[66,124796,2964],{"class":2641},[66,124798,110],{"class":102},[66,124800,349],{"class":106},[66,124802,1330],{"class":102},[66,124804,124805,124807,124809,124811,124813,124815],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,124806,138],{"class":137},[66,124808,110],{"class":102},[66,124810,2964],{"class":2641},[66,124812,110],{"class":102},[66,124814,1973],{"class":106},[66,124816,1330],{"class":102},[20,124818,148],{},[57,124820,124822],{"className":59,"code":124821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124823,124824,124838],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124825,124826,124828,124830,124832,124834,124836],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124827,3033],{"class":76},[66,124829,3036],{"class":1797},[66,124831,3039],{"class":80},[66,124833,3188],{"class":84},[66,124835,3044],{"class":80},[66,124837,3047],{"class":76},[66,124839,124840,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124841,3033],{"class":76},[66,124843,3036],{"class":1797},[66,124845,3039],{"class":80},[66,124847,1922],{"class":84},[66,124849,3044],{"class":80},[66,124851,3047],{"class":76},[20,124853,198,124854,103],{},[200,124855,203],{"href":202},[52,124857,124859],{"id":124858},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124861,124862],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124864,124865],{},"You can use single quotes:",[57,124867,124869],{"className":59,"code":124868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124870,124871,124884],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124872,124873,124876,124878,124880,124882],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124874,124875],{"class":72},"greeting ",[66,124877,77],{"class":76},[66,124879,3039],{"class":80},[66,124881,939],{"class":84},[66,124883,29466],{"class":80},[66,124885,124886,124888,124890,124893],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124887,138],{"class":137},[66,124889,110],{"class":102},[66,124891,124892],{"class":106},"greeting",[66,124894,131],{"class":102},[20,124896,124897],{},"Or double quotes:",[57,124899,124901],{"className":59,"code":124900,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124902,124903,124915],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124904,124905,124907,124909,124911,124913],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124906,124875],{"class":72},[66,124908,77],{"class":76},[66,124910,81],{"class":80},[66,124912,939],{"class":84},[66,124914,88],{"class":80},[66,124916,124917,124919,124921,124923],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124918,138],{"class":137},[66,124920,110],{"class":102},[66,124922,124892],{"class":106},[66,124924,131],{"class":102},[20,124926,124927],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124929,124930],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[52,124932,124934],{"id":124933},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124936,124937],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124939,124940,124941,2617,124943,1111],{},"Use either ",[15,124942,6024],{},[15,124944,3523],{},[57,124946,124948],{"className":59,"code":124947,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124949,124950,124959,124968,124972,124983,124994],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124951,124952,124955,124957],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124953,124954],{"class":72},"empty1 ",[66,124956,77],{"class":76},[66,124958,7638],{"class":80},[66,124960,124961,124964,124966],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,124962,124963],{"class":72},"empty2 ",[66,124965,77],{"class":76},[66,124967,47263],{"class":80},[66,124969,124970],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,124971,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,124973,124974,124976,124978,124981],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,124975,138],{"class":137},[66,124977,110],{"class":102},[66,124979,124980],{"class":106},"empty1",[66,124982,131],{"class":102},[66,124984,124985,124987,124989,124992],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,124986,138],{"class":137},[66,124988,110],{"class":102},[66,124990,124991],{"class":106},"empty2",[66,124993,131],{"class":102},[66,124995,124996,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,124997,138],{"class":137},[66,124999,110],{"class":102},[66,125001,2964],{"class":2641},[66,125003,110],{"class":102},[66,125005,124980],{"class":106},[66,125007,1330],{"class":102},[20,125009,148],{},[57,125011,125012],{"className":59,"code":45537,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,125013,125014],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125015,125016,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125017,3033],{"class":76},[66,125019,3036],{"class":1797},[66,125021,3039],{"class":80},[66,125023,3188],{"class":84},[66,125025,3044],{"class":80},[66,125027,3047],{"class":76},[20,125029,125030],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[52,125032,125034],{"id":125033},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125036,125037],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125039,125040],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[57,125042,125044],{"className":59,"code":125043,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125045,125046,125057,125062,125069,125073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125047,125048,125050,125052,125055],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125049,89768],{"class":72},[66,125051,77],{"class":76},[66,125053,125054],{"class":80}," \"\"\"",[66,125056,1335],{"class":84},[66,125058,125059],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125060,125061],{"class":84},"Welcome to Python\n",[66,125063,125064,125067],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125065,125066],{"class":84},"Have a nice day",[66,125068,43102],{"class":80},[66,125070,125071],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125072,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125074,125075,125077,125079,125081],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,125076,138],{"class":137},[66,125078,110],{"class":102},[66,125080,89785],{"class":106},[66,125082,131],{"class":102},[20,125084,125085],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[57,125087,125089],{"className":59,"code":125088,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125090,125091,125103,125108,125116,125120],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125092,125093,125095,125097,125100],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125094,89768],{"class":72},[66,125096,77],{"class":76},[66,125098,125099],{"class":80}," '''",[66,125101,125102],{"class":84},"Line 1\n",[66,125104,125105],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125106,125107],{"class":84},"Line 2\n",[66,125109,125110,125113],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125111,125112],{"class":84},"Line 3",[66,125114,125115],{"class":80},"'''\n",[66,125117,125118],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125119,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125121,125122,125124,125126,125128],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,125123,138],{"class":137},[66,125125,110],{"class":102},[66,125127,89785],{"class":106},[66,125129,131],{"class":102},[20,125131,125132],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125134,125135],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[52,125137,125139],{"id":125138},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125141,1711,125142,125144],{},[15,125143,47451],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125146,125147],{},"Example with a number:",[57,125149,125151],{"className":59,"code":125150,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125152,125153,125167,125177],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125154,125155,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125156,73],{"class":72},[66,125158,77],{"class":76},[66,125160,48672],{"class":2641},[66,125162,110],{"class":102},[66,125164,46293],{"class":478},[66,125166,131],{"class":102},[66,125168,125169,125171,125173,125175],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125170,138],{"class":137},[66,125172,110],{"class":102},[66,125174,349],{"class":106},[66,125176,131],{"class":102},[66,125178,125179,125181,125183,125185,125187,125189],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125180,138],{"class":137},[66,125182,110],{"class":102},[66,125184,2964],{"class":2641},[66,125186,110],{"class":102},[66,125188,349],{"class":106},[66,125190,1330],{"class":102},[20,125192,148],{},[57,125194,125196],{"className":59,"code":125195,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125197,125198,125202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125199,125200],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125201,46379],{"class":478},[66,125203,125204,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125205,3033],{"class":76},[66,125207,3036],{"class":1797},[66,125209,3039],{"class":80},[66,125211,3188],{"class":84},[66,125213,3044],{"class":80},[66,125215,3047],{"class":76},[20,125217,125218],{},"You can also convert other values:",[57,125220,125222],{"className":59,"code":125221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125223,125224,125238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125225,125226,125228,125230,125232,125234,125236],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125227,138],{"class":137},[66,125229,110],{"class":102},[66,125231,3188],{"class":2641},[66,125233,110],{"class":102},[66,125235,3350],{"class":3602},[66,125237,1330],{"class":102},[66,125239,125240,125242,125244,125246,125248,125250],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125241,138],{"class":137},[66,125243,110],{"class":102},[66,125245,3188],{"class":2641},[66,125247,110],{"class":102},[66,125249,39910],{"class":478},[66,125251,1330],{"class":102},[20,125253,125254],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[57,125256,125258],{"className":59,"code":125257,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125259,125260,125268,125290,125294],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125261,125262,125264,125266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125263,21392],{"class":72},[66,125265,77],{"class":76},[66,125267,44992],{"class":478},[66,125269,125270,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280,125282,125284,125286,125288],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125271,89768],{"class":72},[66,125273,77],{"class":76},[66,125275,81],{"class":80},[66,125277,89188],{"class":84},[66,125279,113],{"class":80},[66,125281,2189],{"class":76},[66,125283,48672],{"class":2641},[66,125285,110],{"class":102},[66,125287,9060],{"class":106},[66,125289,131],{"class":102},[66,125291,125292],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125293,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125295,125296,125298,125300,125302],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125297,138],{"class":137},[66,125299,110],{"class":102},[66,125301,89785],{"class":106},[66,125303,131],{"class":102},[20,125305,125306,125307,2617,125311,103],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[200,125308,3321,125309,3254],{"href":41941},[15,125310,47451],{},[200,125312,125313],{"href":123039},"how to convert int to string in Python",[52,125315,125317],{"id":125316},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125319,125320],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125322,125323],{},"Both of these are valid:",[57,125325,125327],{"className":59,"code":125326,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125328,125329,125341],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125330,125331,125333,125335,125337,125339],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125332,2291],{"class":72},[66,125334,77],{"class":76},[66,125336,3039],{"class":80},[66,125338,1047],{"class":84},[66,125340,29466],{"class":80},[66,125342,125343,125345,125347,125349,125351],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125344,2319],{"class":72},[66,125346,77],{"class":76},[66,125348,81],{"class":80},[66,125350,1047],{"class":84},[66,125352,88],{"class":80},[20,125354,125355],{},"A common rule is:",[33,125357,125358,125361,125364],{},[36,125359,125360],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[36,125362,125363],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[36,125365,125366],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125368,923],{},[57,125370,125372],{"className":59,"code":125371,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125373,125374,125388,125402,125406,125417],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125375,125376,125379,125381,125383,125386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125377,125378],{"class":72},"text1 ",[66,125380,77],{"class":76},[66,125382,81],{"class":80},[66,125384,125385],{"class":84},"It's working",[66,125387,88],{"class":80},[66,125389,125390,125393,125395,125397,125400],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125391,125392],{"class":72},"text2 ",[66,125394,77],{"class":76},[66,125396,3039],{"class":80},[66,125398,125399],{"class":84},"She said \"hello\"",[66,125401,29466],{"class":80},[66,125403,125404],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125405,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125407,125408,125410,125412,125415],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125409,138],{"class":137},[66,125411,110],{"class":102},[66,125413,125414],{"class":106},"text1",[66,125416,131],{"class":102},[66,125418,125419,125421,125423,125426],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,125420,138],{"class":137},[66,125422,110],{"class":102},[66,125424,125425],{"class":106},"text2",[66,125427,131],{"class":102},[20,125429,125430],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[52,125432,125434],{"id":125433},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125436,125437],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125439,125440],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[57,125442,125444],{"className":59,"code":125443,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125445,125446,125451],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125447,125448],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125449,125450],{"class":3413},"# This will cause an error\n",[66,125452,125453],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125454,125455],{"class":3413},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125457,125458,125459,35095,125461,125464],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125460,3044],{},[15,125462,125463],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125466,125467],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[57,125469,125471],{"className":59,"code":125470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125472,125473,125492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125474,125475,125477,125479,125481,125484,125487,125490],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125476,73],{"class":72},[66,125478,77],{"class":76},[66,125480,3039],{"class":80},[66,125482,125483],{"class":84},"It",[66,125485,125486],{"class":879},"\\'",[66,125488,125489],{"class":84},"s working",[66,125491,29466],{"class":80},[66,125493,125494,125496,125498,125500],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125495,138],{"class":137},[66,125497,110],{"class":102},[66,125499,349],{"class":106},[66,125501,131],{"class":102},[20,125503,125504],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[57,125506,125508],{"className":59,"code":125507,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125509,125510,125522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125511,125512,125514,125516,125518,125520],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125513,73],{"class":72},[66,125515,77],{"class":76},[66,125517,81],{"class":80},[66,125519,125385],{"class":84},[66,125521,88],{"class":80},[66,125523,125524,125526,125528,125530],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125525,138],{"class":137},[66,125527,110],{"class":102},[66,125529,349],{"class":106},[66,125531,131],{"class":102},[20,125533,125534],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125536,125537,125538,103],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[200,125539,125541],{"href":125540},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[52,125543,2568],{"id":2567},[20,125545,125546],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[258,125548,89975],{"id":89974},[20,125550,125551],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[57,125553,125555],{"className":59,"code":125554,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125556,125557,125561],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125558,125559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125560,125450],{"class":3413},[66,125562,125563],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125564,125565],{"class":3413},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125567,125568,125569,8360,125572,125574],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125570,125571],{},"NameError",[15,125573,4758],{}," is not defined.",[20,125576,1209],{},[57,125578,125580],{"className":59,"code":125579,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125581,125582,125594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125583,125584,125586,125588,125590,125592],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125585,7633],{"class":72},[66,125587,77],{"class":76},[66,125589,81],{"class":80},[66,125591,4758],{"class":84},[66,125593,88],{"class":80},[66,125595,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125597,138],{"class":137},[66,125599,110],{"class":102},[66,125601,7423],{"class":106},[66,125603,131],{"class":102},[258,125605,125607],{"id":125606},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125609,125610],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[57,125612,125614],{"className":59,"code":125613,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125615,125616,125620],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125617,125618],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125619,125450],{"class":3413},[66,125621,125622],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125623,125624],{"class":3413},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125626,125627],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[57,125629,125631],{"className":59,"code":125630,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125632,125633,125650,125663,125667,125677],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125634,125635,125637,125639,125641,125643,125645,125648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125636,125378],{"class":72},[66,125638,77],{"class":76},[66,125640,3039],{"class":80},[66,125642,125483],{"class":84},[66,125644,125486],{"class":879},[66,125646,125647],{"class":84},"s good",[66,125649,29466],{"class":80},[66,125651,125652,125654,125656,125658,125661],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125653,125392],{"class":72},[66,125655,77],{"class":76},[66,125657,81],{"class":80},[66,125659,125660],{"class":84},"It's good",[66,125662,88],{"class":80},[66,125664,125665],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125666,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125668,125669,125671,125673,125675],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125670,138],{"class":137},[66,125672,110],{"class":102},[66,125674,125414],{"class":106},[66,125676,131],{"class":102},[66,125678,125679,125681,125683,125685],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,125680,138],{"class":137},[66,125682,110],{"class":102},[66,125684,125425],{"class":106},[66,125686,131],{"class":102},[258,125688,125690],{"id":125689},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125692,125693],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[57,125695,125697],{"className":59,"code":125696,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125698,125699,125711],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125700,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125702,73],{"class":72},[66,125704,77],{"class":76},[66,125706,125054],{"class":80},[66,125708,939],{"class":84},[66,125710,43102],{"class":80},[66,125712,125713,125715,125717,125719],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125714,138],{"class":137},[66,125716,110],{"class":102},[66,125718,349],{"class":106},[66,125720,131],{"class":102},[20,125722,125723],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[57,125725,125727],{"className":59,"code":125726,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125728,125729,125741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125730,125731,125733,125735,125737,125739],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125732,73],{"class":72},[66,125734,77],{"class":76},[66,125736,81],{"class":80},[66,125738,939],{"class":84},[66,125740,88],{"class":80},[66,125742,125743,125745,125747,125749],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125744,138],{"class":137},[66,125746,110],{"class":102},[66,125748,349],{"class":106},[66,125750,131],{"class":102},[258,125752,4331,125754,798,125756,125758],{"id":125753},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125755,50013],{},[15,125757,50063],{}," are the same type",[20,125760,125761],{},"They are different:",[57,125763,125765],{"className":59,"code":125764,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125766,125767,125776,125789,125793,125807],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125768,125769,125772,125774],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125770,125771],{"class":72},"value1 ",[66,125773,77],{"class":76},[66,125775,124784],{"class":478},[66,125777,125778,125781,125783,125785,125787],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125779,125780],{"class":72},"value2 ",[66,125782,77],{"class":76},[66,125784,81],{"class":80},[66,125786,50013],{"class":84},[66,125788,88],{"class":80},[66,125790,125791],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125792,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125794,125795,125797,125799,125801,125803,125805],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125796,138],{"class":137},[66,125798,110],{"class":102},[66,125800,2964],{"class":2641},[66,125802,110],{"class":102},[66,125804,84534],{"class":106},[66,125806,1330],{"class":102},[66,125808,125809,125811,125813,125815,125817,125820],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,125810,138],{"class":137},[66,125812,110],{"class":102},[66,125814,2964],{"class":2641},[66,125816,110],{"class":102},[66,125818,125819],{"class":106},"value2",[66,125821,1330],{"class":102},[20,125823,148],{},[57,125825,125827],{"className":59,"code":125826,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125828,125829,125843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125830,125831,125833,125835,125837,125839,125841],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125832,3033],{"class":76},[66,125834,3036],{"class":1797},[66,125836,3039],{"class":80},[66,125838,1922],{"class":84},[66,125840,3044],{"class":80},[66,125842,3047],{"class":76},[66,125844,125845,125847,125849,125851,125853,125855],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125846,3033],{"class":76},[66,125848,3036],{"class":1797},[66,125850,3039],{"class":80},[66,125852,3188],{"class":84},[66,125854,3044],{"class":80},[66,125856,3047],{"class":76},[258,125858,125860],{"id":125859},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125862,125863],{},"This causes a type error:",[57,125865,125867],{"className":59,"code":125866,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125868,125869,125873,125878],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125870,125871],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125872,125450],{"class":3413},[66,125874,125875],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125876,125877],{"class":3413},"# age = 10\n",[66,125879,125880],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125881,125882],{"class":3413},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125884,125885,125886,1111],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125887,47451],{},[57,125889,125891],{"className":59,"code":125890,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125892,125893,125901,125923,125927],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125894,125895,125897,125899],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125896,21392],{"class":72},[66,125898,77],{"class":76},[66,125900,2324],{"class":478},[66,125902,125903,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913,125915,125917,125919,125921],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125904,89768],{"class":72},[66,125906,77],{"class":76},[66,125908,81],{"class":80},[66,125910,89188],{"class":84},[66,125912,113],{"class":80},[66,125914,2189],{"class":76},[66,125916,48672],{"class":2641},[66,125918,110],{"class":102},[66,125920,9060],{"class":106},[66,125922,131],{"class":102},[66,125924,125925],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125926,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125928,125929,125931,125933,125935],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125930,138],{"class":137},[66,125932,110],{"class":102},[66,125934,89785],{"class":106},[66,125936,131],{"class":102},[20,125938,125939,125940,103],{},"For this specific error, see ",[200,125941,90167],{"href":90166},[258,125943,60475],{"id":60474},[20,125945,125946],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[57,125948,125950],{"className":59,"code":125949,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125951,125952,125964,125968,125978,125992],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125953,125954,125956,125958,125960,125962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125955,73],{"class":72},[66,125957,77],{"class":76},[66,125959,81],{"class":80},[66,125961,939],{"class":84},[66,125963,88],{"class":80},[66,125965,125966],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,125967,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,125969,125970,125972,125974,125976],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,125971,138],{"class":137},[66,125973,110],{"class":102},[66,125975,349],{"class":106},[66,125977,131],{"class":102},[66,125979,125980,125982,125984,125986,125988,125990],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,125981,138],{"class":137},[66,125983,110],{"class":102},[66,125985,2964],{"class":2641},[66,125987,110],{"class":102},[66,125989,349],{"class":106},[66,125991,1330],{"class":102},[66,125993,125994,125996,125998,126000,126002,126004],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,125995,138],{"class":137},[66,125997,110],{"class":102},[66,125999,41545],{"class":137},[66,126001,110],{"class":102},[66,126003,349],{"class":106},[66,126005,1330],{"class":102},[33,126007,126008,126013,126018],{},[36,126009,126010,46045],{},[15,126011,126012],{},"print(text)",[36,126014,126015,46050],{},[15,126016,126017],{},"print(type(text))",[36,126019,126020,126023],{},[15,126021,126022],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[52,126025,1518],{"id":1517},[258,126027,126029],{"id":126028},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126031,126032,126033,2617,126036,103],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126034,126035],{},"'hello'",[15,126037,1347],{},[258,126039,126041],{"id":126040},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126043,126044],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[258,126046,126048],{"id":126047},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126050,160,126051,2617,126053,103],{},[15,126052,6024],{},[15,126054,3523],{},[258,126056,126058],{"id":126057},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126060,160,126061,126063,126064,126066,126067,103],{},[15,126062,47451],{},", like ",[15,126065,80144],{},", which returns ",[15,126068,41892],{},[258,126070,126072],{"id":126071},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126074,126075],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[52,126077,1620],{"id":1619},[33,126079,126080,126084,126090,126095,126103,126107],{},[36,126081,126082],{},[200,126083,203],{"href":202},[36,126085,126086],{},[200,126087,3321,126088,3254],{"href":41941},[15,126089,47451],{},[36,126091,126092],{},[200,126093,126094],{"href":123039},"How to convert int to string in Python",[36,126096,126097],{},[200,126098,770,126100,774],{"href":126099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,126101,126102],{},"format()",[36,126104,126105],{},[200,126106,125541],{"href":125540},[36,126108,126109],{},[200,126110,90167],{"href":90166},[1651,126112,126113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":126115},[126116,126117,126118,126119,126120,126121,126122,126123,126124,126133,126140],{"id":14923,"depth":91,"text":14924},{"id":124696,"depth":91,"text":124697},{"id":124858,"depth":91,"text":124859},{"id":124933,"depth":91,"text":124934},{"id":125033,"depth":91,"text":125034},{"id":125138,"depth":91,"text":125139},{"id":125316,"depth":91,"text":125317},{"id":125433,"depth":91,"text":125434},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":126125},[126126,126127,126128,126129,126131,126132],{"id":89974,"depth":134,"text":89975},{"id":125606,"depth":134,"text":125607},{"id":125689,"depth":134,"text":125690},{"id":125753,"depth":134,"text":126130},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125859,"depth":134,"text":125860},{"id":60474,"depth":134,"text":60475},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":126134},[126135,126136,126137,126138,126139],{"id":126028,"depth":134,"text":126029},{"id":126040,"depth":134,"text":126041},{"id":126047,"depth":134,"text":126048},{"id":126057,"depth":134,"text":126058},{"id":126071,"depth":134,"text":126072},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124558,"description":126141},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126148,"title":126149,"body":126150,"description":128061,"extension":1694,"meta":128062,"navigation":338,"path":128063,"seo":128064,"stem":128065,"__hash__":128066},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126151,"toc":128022},[126152,126158,126163,126171,126173,126240,126242,126254,126263,126268,126272,126289,126291,126356,126358,126370,126375,126377,126405,126426,126429,126468,126470,126478,126482,126486,126490,126498,126501,126542,126544,126552,126555,126612,126614,126622,126626,126631,126675,126677,126685,126694,126698,126703,126751,126753,126761,126767,126769,126773,126785,126790,126869,126871,126891,126895,126899,126939,126941,126949,126953,126996,126998,127006,127010,127050,127052,127060,127064,127120,127122,127130,127136,127138,127142,127150,127217,127219,127232,127239,127282,127284,127292,127296,127299,127355,127357,127365,127368,127370,127447,127449,127457,127466,127468,127472,127476,127478,127500,127503,127550,127554,127593,127595,127603,127605,127647,127654,127659,127721,127723,127735,127741,127746,127795,127797,127816,127821,127823,127842,127844,127935,127937,127943,127950,127956,127962,127967,127976,127983,127991,127993,128019],[10,126153,13,126155,18],{"id":126154},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126156,126157],{},"endswith()",[20,126159,22,126160,126162],{},[15,126161,126157],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126164,126165,126166,2617,126168,126170],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126167,3350],{},[15,126169,3424],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[52,126172,55],{"id":54},[57,126174,126176],{"className":59,"code":126175,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126177,126178,126192,126217],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126179,126180,126183,126185,126187,126190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126181,126182],{"class":72},"filename ",[66,126184,77],{"class":76},[66,126186,81],{"class":80},[66,126188,126189],{"class":84},"report.csv",[66,126191,88],{"class":80},[66,126193,126194,126196,126198,126201,126203,126206,126208,126210,126213,126215],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126195,138],{"class":137},[66,126197,110],{"class":102},[66,126199,126200],{"class":106},"filename",[66,126202,103],{"class":102},[66,126204,126205],{"class":106},"endswith",[66,126207,110],{"class":102},[66,126209,113],{"class":80},[66,126211,126212],{"class":84},".csv",[66,126214,113],{"class":80},[66,126216,1330],{"class":102},[66,126218,126219,126221,126223,126225,126227,126229,126231,126233,126236,126238],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,126220,138],{"class":137},[66,126222,110],{"class":102},[66,126224,126200],{"class":106},[66,126226,103],{"class":102},[66,126228,126205],{"class":106},[66,126230,110],{"class":102},[66,126232,113],{"class":80},[66,126234,126235],{"class":84},".txt",[66,126237,113],{"class":80},[66,126239,1330],{"class":102},[20,126241,148],{},[57,126243,126244],{"className":59,"code":43940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126245,126246,126250],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126247,126248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126249,3732],{"class":3602},[66,126251,126252],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126253,3793],{"class":3602},[20,126255,160,126256,5125,126258,2617,126260,126262],{},[15,126257,126157],{},[15,126259,3350],{},[15,126261,3424],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[52,126264,168,126266,41],{"id":126265},"what-endswith-does",[15,126267,126157],{},[20,126269,126270,1111],{},[15,126271,126157],{},[33,126273,126274,126277,126283,126286],{},[36,126275,126276],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[36,126278,11186,126279,2617,126281],{},[15,126280,3350],{},[15,126282,3424],{},[36,126284,126285],{},"Does not change the original string",[36,126287,126288],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126290,923],{},[57,126292,126294],{"className":59,"code":126293,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126295,126296,126308,126312,126334],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126297,126298,126300,126302,126304,126306],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126299,73],{"class":72},[66,126301,77],{"class":76},[66,126303,81],{"class":80},[66,126305,1017],{"class":84},[66,126307,88],{"class":80},[66,126309,126310],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126311,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,126313,126314,126316,126318,126320,126322,126324,126326,126328,126330,126332],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,126315,138],{"class":137},[66,126317,110],{"class":102},[66,126319,349],{"class":106},[66,126321,103],{"class":102},[66,126323,126205],{"class":106},[66,126325,110],{"class":102},[66,126327,113],{"class":80},[66,126329,1038],{"class":84},[66,126331,113],{"class":80},[66,126333,1330],{"class":102},[66,126335,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,126337,138],{"class":137},[66,126339,110],{"class":102},[66,126341,349],{"class":106},[66,126343,103],{"class":102},[66,126345,126205],{"class":106},[66,126347,110],{"class":102},[66,126349,113],{"class":80},[66,126351,939],{"class":84},[66,126353,113],{"class":80},[66,126355,1330],{"class":102},[20,126357,148],{},[57,126359,126360],{"className":59,"code":43940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126361,126362,126366],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126363,126364],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126365,3732],{"class":3602},[66,126367,126368],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126369,3793],{"class":3602},[20,126371,126372,126373,103],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[200,126374,203],{"href":202},[52,126376,1891],{"id":1890},[57,126378,126380],{"className":59,"code":126379,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126381,126382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126383,126384,126386,126388,126390,126392,126395,126397,126399,126401,126403],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126385,217],{"class":72},[66,126387,103],{"class":102},[66,126389,126205],{"class":106},[66,126391,110],{"class":102},[66,126393,126394],{"class":106},"suffix",[66,126396,121],{"class":102},[66,126398,35818],{"class":106},[66,126400,121],{"class":102},[66,126402,64804],{"class":106},[66,126404,131],{"class":102},[33,126406,126407,126412,126419],{},[36,126408,126409,126411],{},[15,126410,126394],{}," is required",[36,126413,126414,798,126416,126418],{},[15,126415,35839],{},[15,126417,52428],{}," are optional",[36,126420,126421,798,126423,126425],{},[15,126422,35839],{},[15,126424,52428],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126427,126428],{},"Basic example:",[57,126430,126432],{"className":59,"code":126431,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126433,126434,126446],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126435,126436,126438,126440,126442,126444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126437,126182],{"class":72},[66,126439,77],{"class":76},[66,126441,81],{"class":80},[66,126443,86659],{"class":84},[66,126445,88],{"class":80},[66,126447,126448,126450,126452,126454,126456,126458,126460,126462,126464,126466],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126449,138],{"class":137},[66,126451,110],{"class":102},[66,126453,126200],{"class":106},[66,126455,103],{"class":102},[66,126457,126205],{"class":106},[66,126459,110],{"class":102},[66,126461,113],{"class":80},[66,126463,126235],{"class":84},[66,126465,113],{"class":80},[66,126467,1330],{"class":102},[20,126469,148],{},[57,126471,126472],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126473,126474],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126475,126476],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126477,3732],{"class":3602},[52,126479,126481],{"id":126480},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[258,126483,126484],{"id":126394},[15,126485,126394],{},[20,126487,126488,30517],{},[15,126489,126394],{},[33,126491,126492,126495],{},[36,126493,126494],{},"A single string",[36,126496,126497],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126499,126500],{},"Single suffix:",[57,126502,126504],{"className":59,"code":126503,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126505,126506,126519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126507,126508,126510,126512,126514,126517],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126509,7633],{"class":72},[66,126511,77],{"class":76},[66,126513,81],{"class":80},[66,126515,126516],{"class":84},"image.png",[66,126518,88],{"class":80},[66,126520,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535,126538,126540],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126522,138],{"class":137},[66,126524,110],{"class":102},[66,126526,7423],{"class":106},[66,126528,103],{"class":102},[66,126530,126205],{"class":106},[66,126532,110],{"class":102},[66,126534,113],{"class":80},[66,126536,126537],{"class":84},".png",[66,126539,113],{"class":80},[66,126541,1330],{"class":102},[20,126543,148],{},[57,126545,126546],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126547,126548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126549,126550],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126551,3732],{"class":3602},[20,126553,126554],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[57,126556,126558],{"className":59,"code":126557,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126559,126560,126572],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126561,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126563,7633],{"class":72},[66,126565,77],{"class":76},[66,126567,81],{"class":80},[66,126569,126516],{"class":84},[66,126571,88],{"class":80},[66,126573,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603,126605,126608,126610],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126575,138],{"class":137},[66,126577,110],{"class":102},[66,126579,7423],{"class":106},[66,126581,103],{"class":102},[66,126583,126205],{"class":106},[66,126585,5264],{"class":102},[66,126587,113],{"class":80},[66,126589,126590],{"class":84},".jpg",[66,126592,113],{"class":80},[66,126594,121],{"class":102},[66,126596,81],{"class":80},[66,126598,126537],{"class":84},[66,126600,113],{"class":80},[66,126602,121],{"class":102},[66,126604,81],{"class":80},[66,126606,126607],{"class":84},".gif",[66,126609,113],{"class":80},[66,126611,2652],{"class":102},[20,126613,148],{},[57,126615,126616],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126617,126618],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126619,126620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126621,3732],{"class":3602},[258,126623,126624],{"id":35839},[15,126625,35839],{},[20,126627,126628,126630],{},[15,126629,35839],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[57,126632,126634],{"className":59,"code":126633,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126635,126636,126649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126637,126638,126640,126642,126644,126647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126639,73],{"class":72},[66,126641,77],{"class":76},[66,126643,81],{"class":80},[66,126645,126646],{"class":84},"my_report.csv",[66,126648,88],{"class":80},[66,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669,126671,126673],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126652,138],{"class":137},[66,126654,110],{"class":102},[66,126656,349],{"class":106},[66,126658,103],{"class":102},[66,126660,126205],{"class":106},[66,126662,110],{"class":102},[66,126664,113],{"class":80},[66,126666,126212],{"class":84},[66,126668,113],{"class":80},[66,126670,121],{"class":102},[66,126672,2186],{"class":478},[66,126674,1330],{"class":102},[20,126676,148],{},[57,126678,126679],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126680,126681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126682,126683],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126684,3732],{"class":3602},[20,126686,126687,126688,126690,126691,103],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126689,1794],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126692,126693],{},"\"report.csv\"",[258,126695,126696],{"id":52428},[15,126697,52428],{},[20,126699,126700,126702],{},[15,126701,52428],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[57,126704,126706],{"className":59,"code":126705,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126707,126708,126721],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126709,126710,126712,126714,126716,126719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126711,73],{"class":72},[66,126713,77],{"class":76},[66,126715,81],{"class":80},[66,126717,126718],{"class":84},"report.csv backup",[66,126720,88],{"class":80},[66,126722,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126724,138],{"class":137},[66,126726,110],{"class":102},[66,126728,349],{"class":106},[66,126730,103],{"class":102},[66,126732,126205],{"class":106},[66,126734,110],{"class":102},[66,126736,113],{"class":80},[66,126738,126212],{"class":84},[66,126740,113],{"class":80},[66,126742,121],{"class":102},[66,126744,3584],{"class":478},[66,126746,121],{"class":102},[66,126748,5757],{"class":478},[66,126750,1330],{"class":102},[20,126752,148],{},[57,126754,126755],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126756,126757],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126758,126759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126760,3732],{"class":3602},[20,126762,126763,126764,126766],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126765,126693],{}," and ignores the rest.",[52,126768,17180],{"id":17179},[20,126770,126771,25274],{},[15,126772,126157],{},[33,126774,126775,126780],{},[36,126776,126777,126779],{},[15,126778,3350],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[36,126781,126782,126784],{},[15,126783,3424],{}," if it does not",[20,126786,126787,126788,6927],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126789,6752],{},[57,126791,126793],{"className":59,"code":126792,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126794,126795,126808,126812,126833,126848,126854],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126796,126797,126799,126801,126803,126806],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126798,126182],{"class":72},[66,126800,77],{"class":76},[66,126802,81],{"class":80},[66,126804,126805],{"class":84},"data.csv",[66,126807,88],{"class":80},[66,126809,126810],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126811,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,126813,126814,126816,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,126815,6752],{"class":3627},[66,126817,126818],{"class":72}," filename",[66,126820,103],{"class":102},[66,126822,126205],{"class":106},[66,126824,110],{"class":102},[66,126826,113],{"class":80},[66,126828,126212],{"class":84},[66,126830,113],{"class":80},[66,126832,8100],{"class":102},[66,126834,126835,126837,126839,126841,126844,126846],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,126836,7826],{"class":137},[66,126838,110],{"class":102},[66,126840,113],{"class":80},[66,126842,126843],{"class":84},"This is a CSV file.",[66,126845,113],{"class":80},[66,126847,131],{"class":102},[66,126849,126850,126852],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,126851,27199],{"class":3627},[66,126853,6146],{"class":102},[66,126855,126856,126858,126860,126862,126865,126867],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,126857,7826],{"class":137},[66,126859,110],{"class":102},[66,126861,113],{"class":80},[66,126863,126864],{"class":84},"This is not a CSV file.",[66,126866,113],{"class":80},[66,126868,131],{"class":102},[20,126870,148],{},[57,126872,126874],{"className":59,"code":126873,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126875,126876],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126877,126878,126880,126882,126884,126887,126889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126879,49646],{"class":72},[66,126881,11956],{"class":76},[66,126883,44311],{"class":72},[66,126885,126886],{"class":879},"CSV",[66,126888,86400],{"class":86399},[66,126890,122146],{"class":102},[52,126892,126894],{"id":126893},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[258,126896,126898],{"id":126897},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[57,126900,126902],{"className":59,"code":126901,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126903,126904,126917],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126905,126906,126908,126910,126912,126915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126907,126182],{"class":72},[66,126909,77],{"class":76},[66,126911,81],{"class":80},[66,126913,126914],{"class":84},"sales.csv",[66,126916,88],{"class":80},[66,126918,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126920,138],{"class":137},[66,126922,110],{"class":102},[66,126924,126200],{"class":106},[66,126926,103],{"class":102},[66,126928,126205],{"class":106},[66,126930,110],{"class":102},[66,126932,113],{"class":80},[66,126934,126212],{"class":84},[66,126936,113],{"class":80},[66,126938,1330],{"class":102},[20,126940,148],{},[57,126942,126943],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126944,126945],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126946,126947],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126948,3732],{"class":3602},[258,126950,126952],{"id":126951},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[57,126954,126956],{"className":59,"code":126955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126957,126958,126972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126959,126960,126963,126965,126967,126970],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126961,126962],{"class":72},"url ",[66,126964,77],{"class":76},[66,126966,81],{"class":80},[66,126968,126969],{"class":84},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[66,126971,88],{"class":80},[66,126973,126974,126976,126978,126981,126983,126985,126987,126989,126992,126994],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,126975,138],{"class":137},[66,126977,110],{"class":102},[66,126979,126980],{"class":106},"url",[66,126982,103],{"class":102},[66,126984,126205],{"class":106},[66,126986,110],{"class":102},[66,126988,113],{"class":80},[66,126990,126991],{"class":84},"\u002F",[66,126993,113],{"class":80},[66,126995,1330],{"class":102},[20,126997,148],{},[57,126999,127000],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127001,127002],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127003,127004],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127005,3732],{"class":3602},[258,127007,127009],{"id":127008},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[57,127011,127013],{"className":59,"code":127012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127014,127015,127028],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127016,127017,127019,127021,127023,127026],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127018,89768],{"class":72},[66,127020,77],{"class":76},[66,127022,81],{"class":80},[66,127024,127025],{"class":84},"Hello!",[66,127027,88],{"class":80},[66,127029,127030,127032,127034,127036,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127031,138],{"class":137},[66,127033,110],{"class":102},[66,127035,89785],{"class":106},[66,127037,103],{"class":102},[66,127039,126205],{"class":106},[66,127041,110],{"class":102},[66,127043,113],{"class":80},[66,127045,89610],{"class":84},[66,127047,113],{"class":80},[66,127049,1330],{"class":102},[20,127051,148],{},[57,127053,127054],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127055,127056],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127057,127058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127059,3732],{"class":3602},[258,127061,127063],{"id":127062},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[57,127065,127067],{"className":59,"code":127066,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127068,127069,127082],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127070,127071,127073,127075,127077,127080],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127072,126182],{"class":72},[66,127074,77],{"class":76},[66,127076,81],{"class":80},[66,127078,127079],{"class":84},"photo.jpg",[66,127081,88],{"class":80},[66,127083,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127085,138],{"class":137},[66,127087,110],{"class":102},[66,127089,126200],{"class":106},[66,127091,103],{"class":102},[66,127093,126205],{"class":106},[66,127095,5264],{"class":102},[66,127097,113],{"class":80},[66,127099,126590],{"class":84},[66,127101,113],{"class":80},[66,127103,121],{"class":102},[66,127105,81],{"class":80},[66,127107,126537],{"class":84},[66,127109,113],{"class":80},[66,127111,121],{"class":102},[66,127113,81],{"class":80},[66,127115,126607],{"class":84},[66,127117,113],{"class":80},[66,127119,2652],{"class":102},[20,127121,148],{},[57,127123,127124],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127125,127126],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127127,127128],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127129,3732],{"class":3602},[20,127131,127132,127133,103],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[200,127134,127135],{"href":123367},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[52,127137,786],{"id":785},[20,127139,127140,791],{},[15,127141,126157],{},[20,127143,794,127144,798,127147,802],{},[15,127145,127146],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127148,127149],{},"\".csv\"",[57,127151,127153],{"className":59,"code":127152,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127154,127155,127168,127172,127194],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127156,127157,127159,127161,127163,127166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127158,126182],{"class":72},[66,127160,77],{"class":76},[66,127162,81],{"class":80},[66,127164,127165],{"class":84},"REPORT.CSV",[66,127167,88],{"class":80},[66,127169,127170],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127171,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,127173,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,127175,138],{"class":137},[66,127177,110],{"class":102},[66,127179,126200],{"class":106},[66,127181,103],{"class":102},[66,127183,126205],{"class":106},[66,127185,110],{"class":102},[66,127187,113],{"class":80},[66,127189,126212],{"class":84},[66,127191,113],{"class":80},[66,127193,1330],{"class":102},[66,127195,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127213,127215],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,127197,138],{"class":137},[66,127199,110],{"class":102},[66,127201,126200],{"class":106},[66,127203,103],{"class":102},[66,127205,126205],{"class":106},[66,127207,110],{"class":102},[66,127209,113],{"class":80},[66,127211,127212],{"class":84},".CSV",[66,127214,113],{"class":80},[66,127216,1330],{"class":102},[20,127218,148],{},[57,127220,127222],{"className":59,"code":127221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127223,127224,127228],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127225,127226],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127227,3793],{"class":3602},[66,127229,127230],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127231,3732],{"class":3602},[20,127233,127234,127235,103],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[200,127236,127237],{"href":895},[15,127238,898],{},[57,127240,127242],{"className":59,"code":127241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127243,127244,127256],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127245,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127247,126182],{"class":72},[66,127249,77],{"class":76},[66,127251,81],{"class":80},[66,127253,127165],{"class":84},[66,127255,88],{"class":80},[66,127257,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127259,138],{"class":137},[66,127261,110],{"class":102},[66,127263,126200],{"class":106},[66,127265,103],{"class":102},[66,127267,8399],{"class":106},[66,127269,8396],{"class":102},[66,127271,126205],{"class":106},[66,127273,110],{"class":102},[66,127275,113],{"class":80},[66,127277,126212],{"class":84},[66,127279,113],{"class":80},[66,127281,1330],{"class":102},[20,127283,148],{},[57,127285,127286],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127287,127288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127289,127290],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127291,3732],{"class":3602},[52,127293,127295],{"id":127294},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127297,127298],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[57,127300,127302],{"className":59,"code":127301,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127303,127304,127317],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127305,127306,127308,127310,127312,127315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127307,126182],{"class":72},[66,127309,77],{"class":76},[66,127311,81],{"class":80},[66,127313,127314],{"class":84},"picture.gif",[66,127316,88],{"class":80},[66,127318,127319,127321,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127320,138],{"class":137},[66,127322,110],{"class":102},[66,127324,126200],{"class":106},[66,127326,103],{"class":102},[66,127328,126205],{"class":106},[66,127330,5264],{"class":102},[66,127332,113],{"class":80},[66,127334,126590],{"class":84},[66,127336,113],{"class":80},[66,127338,121],{"class":102},[66,127340,81],{"class":80},[66,127342,126537],{"class":84},[66,127344,113],{"class":80},[66,127346,121],{"class":102},[66,127348,81],{"class":80},[66,127350,126607],{"class":84},[66,127352,113],{"class":80},[66,127354,2652],{"class":102},[20,127356,148],{},[57,127358,127359],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127360,127361],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127362,127363],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127364,3732],{"class":3602},[20,127366,127367],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127369,51847],{},[57,127371,127373],{"className":59,"code":127372,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127374,127375,127388,127423,127427],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127376,127377,127380,127382,127384,127386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127378,127379],{"class":72},"document ",[66,127381,77],{"class":76},[66,127383,81],{"class":80},[66,127385,86659],{"class":84},[66,127387,88],{"class":80},[66,127389,127390,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407,127410,127412,127414,127416,127419,127421],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127391,127392],{"class":72},"allowed ",[66,127394,77],{"class":76},[66,127396,8997],{"class":102},[66,127398,113],{"class":80},[66,127400,126235],{"class":84},[66,127402,113],{"class":80},[66,127404,121],{"class":102},[66,127406,81],{"class":80},[66,127408,127409],{"class":84},".md",[66,127411,113],{"class":80},[66,127413,121],{"class":102},[66,127415,81],{"class":80},[66,127417,127418],{"class":84},".docx",[66,127420,113],{"class":80},[66,127422,131],{"class":102},[66,127424,127425],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,127426,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,127428,127429,127431,127433,127436,127438,127440,127442,127445],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,127430,138],{"class":137},[66,127432,110],{"class":102},[66,127434,127435],{"class":106},"document",[66,127437,103],{"class":102},[66,127439,126205],{"class":106},[66,127441,110],{"class":102},[66,127443,127444],{"class":106},"allowed",[66,127446,1330],{"class":102},[20,127448,148],{},[57,127450,127451],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127452,127453],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127454,127455],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127456,3732],{"class":3602},[20,127458,127459,127460,103],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[200,127461,770,127463,774],{"href":127462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127464,127465],{},"startswith()",[52,127467,2568],{"id":2567},[20,127469,8206,127470,103],{},[15,127471,126157],{},[258,127473,127475],{"id":127474},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127477,4277],{},[57,127479,127481],{"className":59,"code":127480,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127482,127483,127495],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127484,127485,127487,127489,127491,127493],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127486,126182],{"class":72},[66,127488,77],{"class":76},[66,127490,81],{"class":80},[66,127492,127079],{"class":84},[66,127494,88],{"class":80},[66,127496,127497],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127498,127499],{"class":3413},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127501,127502],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[57,127504,127506],{"className":59,"code":127505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127507,127508,127520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127509,127510,127512,127514,127516,127518],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127511,126182],{"class":72},[66,127513,77],{"class":76},[66,127515,81],{"class":80},[66,127517,127079],{"class":84},[66,127519,88],{"class":80},[66,127521,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127523,138],{"class":137},[66,127525,110],{"class":102},[66,127527,126200],{"class":106},[66,127529,103],{"class":102},[66,127531,126205],{"class":106},[66,127533,5264],{"class":102},[66,127535,113],{"class":80},[66,127537,126590],{"class":84},[66,127539,113],{"class":80},[66,127541,121],{"class":102},[66,127543,81],{"class":80},[66,127545,126537],{"class":84},[66,127547,113],{"class":80},[66,127549,2652],{"class":102},[258,127551,127553],{"id":127552},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[57,127555,127557],{"className":59,"code":127556,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127558,127559,127571],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127560,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127562,126182],{"class":72},[66,127564,77],{"class":76},[66,127566,81],{"class":80},[66,127568,127165],{"class":84},[66,127570,88],{"class":80},[66,127572,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127574,138],{"class":137},[66,127576,110],{"class":102},[66,127578,126200],{"class":106},[66,127580,103],{"class":102},[66,127582,126205],{"class":106},[66,127584,110],{"class":102},[66,127586,113],{"class":80},[66,127588,126212],{"class":84},[66,127590,113],{"class":80},[66,127592,1330],{"class":102},[20,127594,148],{},[57,127596,127597],{"className":59,"code":3793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127598,127599],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127600,127601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127602,3793],{"class":3602},[20,127604,39028],{},[57,127606,127607],{"className":59,"code":127241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127608,127609,127621],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127610,127611,127613,127615,127617,127619],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127612,126182],{"class":72},[66,127614,77],{"class":76},[66,127616,81],{"class":80},[66,127618,127165],{"class":84},[66,127620,88],{"class":80},[66,127622,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127624,138],{"class":137},[66,127626,110],{"class":102},[66,127628,126200],{"class":106},[66,127630,103],{"class":102},[66,127632,8399],{"class":106},[66,127634,8396],{"class":102},[66,127636,126205],{"class":106},[66,127638,110],{"class":102},[66,127640,113],{"class":80},[66,127642,126212],{"class":84},[66,127644,113],{"class":80},[66,127646,1330],{"class":102},[258,127648,1128,127650,8464,127652],{"id":127649},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127651,126157],{},[15,127653,3634],{},[20,127655,127656,127658],{},[15,127657,126157],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[57,127660,127662],{"className":59,"code":127661,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127663,127664,127677,127681,127703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127665,127666,127668,127670,127672,127675],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127667,73],{"class":72},[66,127669,77],{"class":76},[66,127671,81],{"class":80},[66,127673,127674],{"class":84},"my_report.csv.backup",[66,127676,88],{"class":80},[66,127678,127679],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127680,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,127682,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697,127699,127701],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,127684,138],{"class":137},[66,127686,110],{"class":102},[66,127688,349],{"class":106},[66,127690,103],{"class":102},[66,127692,126205],{"class":106},[66,127694,110],{"class":102},[66,127696,113],{"class":80},[66,127698,126212],{"class":84},[66,127700,113],{"class":80},[66,127702,1330],{"class":102},[66,127704,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,127706,138],{"class":137},[66,127708,110],{"class":102},[66,127710,113],{"class":80},[66,127712,126212],{"class":84},[66,127714,113],{"class":80},[66,127716,20937],{"class":3627},[66,127718,99],{"class":106},[66,127720,131],{"class":102},[20,127722,148],{},[57,127724,127725],{"className":59,"code":127221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127726,127727,127731],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127728,127729],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127730,3793],{"class":3602},[66,127732,127733],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127734,3732],{"class":3602},[258,127736,1119,127738,127740],{"id":127737},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127739,126157],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127742,127743,127745],{},[15,127744,126157],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[57,127747,127749],{"className":59,"code":127748,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127750,127751,127763,127785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127752,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127754,126182],{"class":72},[66,127756,77],{"class":76},[66,127758,81],{"class":80},[66,127760,126189],{"class":84},[66,127762,88],{"class":80},[66,127764,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127766,138],{"class":137},[66,127768,110],{"class":102},[66,127770,126200],{"class":106},[66,127772,103],{"class":102},[66,127774,126205],{"class":106},[66,127776,110],{"class":102},[66,127778,113],{"class":80},[66,127780,126212],{"class":84},[66,127782,113],{"class":80},[66,127784,1330],{"class":102},[66,127786,127787,127789,127791,127793],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,127788,138],{"class":137},[66,127790,110],{"class":102},[66,127792,126200],{"class":106},[66,127794,131],{"class":102},[20,127796,148],{},[57,127798,127800],{"className":59,"code":127799,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127801,127802,127806],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127803,127804],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127805,3732],{"class":3602},[66,127807,127808,127811,127813],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127809,127810],{"class":72},"report",[66,127812,103],{"class":102},[66,127814,127815],{"class":24515},"csv\n",[20,127817,127818,127819,103],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[200,127820,598],{"href":597},[20,127822,65827],{},[33,127824,127825,127828,127831,127834],{},[36,127826,127827],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[36,127829,127830],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[36,127832,127833],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[36,127835,8176,127836,44396,127838,2617,127840,111312],{},[15,127837,126157],{},[15,127839,17],{},[15,127841,781],{},[20,127843,29902],{},[57,127845,127847],{"className":59,"code":127846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127848,127849,127859,127873,127895,127921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127850,127851,127853,127855,127857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127852,138],{"class":137},[66,127854,110],{"class":102},[66,127856,349],{"class":106},[66,127858,131],{"class":102},[66,127860,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,127862,138],{"class":137},[66,127864,110],{"class":102},[66,127866,41545],{"class":137},[66,127868,110],{"class":102},[66,127870,349],{"class":106},[66,127872,1330],{"class":102},[66,127874,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,127876,138],{"class":137},[66,127878,110],{"class":102},[66,127880,349],{"class":106},[66,127882,103],{"class":102},[66,127884,126205],{"class":106},[66,127886,110],{"class":102},[66,127888,3044],{"class":80},[66,127890,126212],{"class":84},[66,127892,3044],{"class":80},[66,127894,1330],{"class":102},[66,127896,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,127898,138],{"class":137},[66,127900,110],{"class":102},[66,127902,349],{"class":106},[66,127904,103],{"class":102},[66,127906,8399],{"class":106},[66,127908,8396],{"class":102},[66,127910,126205],{"class":106},[66,127912,110],{"class":102},[66,127914,3044],{"class":80},[66,127916,126212],{"class":84},[66,127918,3044],{"class":80},[66,127920,1330],{"class":102},[66,127922,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931,127933],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,127924,138],{"class":137},[66,127926,110],{"class":102},[66,127928,2964],{"class":2641},[66,127930,110],{"class":102},[66,127932,349],{"class":106},[66,127934,1330],{"class":102},[52,127936,1518],{"id":1517},[258,127938,1522,127940,127942],{"id":127939},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127941,126157],{}," change the string?",[20,127944,127945,127946,2617,127948,103],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127947,3350],{},[15,127949,3424],{},[258,127951,1573,127953,127955],{"id":127952},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127954,126157],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127957,127958,127959,103],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127960,127961],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[258,127963,1610,127965,1613],{"id":127964},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127966,126157],{},[20,127968,127969,127970,2617,127972,127975],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127971,898],{},[15,127973,127974],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[258,127977,4934,127979,798,127981,2228],{"id":127978},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127980,126157],{},[15,127982,124102],{},[20,127984,127985,127987,127988,127990],{},[15,127986,126157],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127989,124102],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[52,127992,1620],{"id":1619},[33,127994,127995,128001,128007,128011,128015],{},[36,127996,127997],{},[200,127998,770,127999,774],{"href":127462},[15,128000,127465],{},[36,128002,128003],{},[200,128004,770,128005,774],{"href":895},[15,128006,898],{},[36,128008,128009],{},[200,128010,124502],{"href":123367},[36,128012,128013],{},[200,128014,1627],{"href":597},[36,128016,128017],{},[200,128018,203],{"href":202},[1651,128020,128021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":128023},[128024,128025,128027,128028,128033,128034,128040,128041,128042,128050,128060],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":126265,"depth":91,"text":128026},"What endswith() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":126480,"depth":91,"text":126481,"children":128029},[128030,128031,128032],{"id":126394,"depth":134,"text":126394},{"id":35839,"depth":134,"text":35839},{"id":52428,"depth":134,"text":52428},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":126893,"depth":91,"text":126894,"children":128035},[128036,128037,128038,128039],{"id":126897,"depth":134,"text":126898},{"id":126951,"depth":134,"text":126952},{"id":127008,"depth":134,"text":127009},{"id":127062,"depth":134,"text":127063},{"id":785,"depth":91,"text":786},{"id":127294,"depth":91,"text":127295},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":128043},[128044,128045,128046,128048],{"id":127474,"depth":134,"text":127475},{"id":127552,"depth":134,"text":127553},{"id":127649,"depth":134,"text":128047},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127737,"depth":134,"text":128049},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":128051},[128052,128054,128056,128058],{"id":127939,"depth":134,"text":128053},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127952,"depth":134,"text":128055},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127964,"depth":134,"text":128057},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127978,"depth":134,"text":128059},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126149,"description":128061},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128068,"title":128069,"body":128070,"description":129736,"extension":1694,"meta":129737,"navigation":338,"path":129738,"seo":129739,"stem":129740,"__hash__":129741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128071,"toc":129709},[128072,128077,128082,128087,128092,128185,128195,128200,128205,128220,128222,128304,128312,128314,128316,128343,128345,128361,128368,128370,128478,128480,128485,128501,128503,128598,128606,128609,128615,128620,128625,128632,128771,128774,128786,128788,128792,128799,128869,128872,128921,128928,128935,128949,128954,128959,129005,129051,129067,129069,129074,129088,129091,129213,129218,129220,129225,129258,129261,129337,129339,129348,129362,129365,129449,129452,129563,129566,129594,129596,129603,129607,129613,129616,129622,129624,129631,129642,129648,129655,129657,129706],[10,128073,13,128075,18],{"id":128074},"python-string-find-method",[15,128076,124102],{},[20,128078,22,128079,128081],{},[15,128080,124102],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128083,128084,128085,103],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128086,65618],{},[20,128088,160,128089,128091],{},[15,128090,124102],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[57,128093,128095],{"className":59,"code":128094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128096,128097,128109,128132,128145,128149,128172],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128098,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128100,73],{"class":72},[66,128102,77],{"class":76},[66,128104,81],{"class":80},[66,128106,1017],{"class":84},[66,128108,88],{"class":80},[66,128110,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128112,64683],{"class":72},[66,128114,77],{"class":76},[66,128116,99],{"class":72},[66,128118,103],{"class":102},[66,128120,128121],{"class":106},"find",[66,128123,110],{"class":102},[66,128125,113],{"class":80},[66,128127,1038],{"class":84},[66,128129,113],{"class":80},[66,128131,131],{"class":102},[66,128133,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128135,138],{"class":137},[66,128137,110],{"class":102},[66,128139,64710],{"class":106},[66,128141,3410],{"class":102},[66,128143,128144],{"class":3413},"   # 6\n",[66,128146,128147],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,128148,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128150,128151,128154,128156,128158,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,128152,128153],{"class":72},"missing ",[66,128155,77],{"class":76},[66,128157,99],{"class":72},[66,128159,103],{"class":102},[66,128161,128121],{"class":106},[66,128163,110],{"class":102},[66,128165,113],{"class":80},[66,128167,61],{"class":84},[66,128169,113],{"class":80},[66,128171,131],{"class":102},[66,128173,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,128175,138],{"class":137},[66,128177,110],{"class":102},[66,128179,26538],{"class":106},[66,128181,3410],{"class":102},[66,128183,128184],{"class":3413},"    # -1\n",[43346,128186,128187],{},[20,128188,160,128189,128191,128192,128194],{},[15,128190,124102],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128193,65618],{}," if the substring is not found.",[52,128196,168,128198,41],{"id":128197},"what-find-does",[15,128199,124102],{},[20,128201,128202,128204],{},[15,128203,124102],{}," is a string method that:",[33,128206,128207,128210,128213,128218],{},[36,128208,128209],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[36,128211,128212],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[36,128214,11186,128215,128217],{},[15,128216,65618],{}," if no match is found",[36,128219,126285],{},[20,128221,923],{},[57,128223,128225],{"className":59,"code":128224,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128226,128227,128239,128243,128267,128291],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128228,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128230,73],{"class":72},[66,128232,77],{"class":76},[66,128234,81],{"class":80},[66,128236,627],{"class":84},[66,128238,88],{"class":80},[66,128240,128241],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128242,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128244,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128246,138],{"class":137},[66,128248,110],{"class":102},[66,128250,349],{"class":106},[66,128252,103],{"class":102},[66,128254,128121],{"class":106},[66,128256,110],{"class":102},[66,128258,113],{"class":80},[66,128260,123205],{"class":84},[66,128262,113],{"class":80},[66,128264,5117],{"class":102},[66,128266,57414],{"class":3413},[66,128268,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,128270,138],{"class":137},[66,128272,110],{"class":102},[66,128274,349],{"class":106},[66,128276,103],{"class":102},[66,128278,128121],{"class":106},[66,128280,110],{"class":102},[66,128282,113],{"class":80},[66,128284,960],{"class":84},[66,128286,113],{"class":80},[66,128288,5117],{"class":102},[66,128290,128184],{"class":3413},[66,128292,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,128294,138],{"class":137},[66,128296,110],{"class":102},[66,128298,349],{"class":106},[66,128300,3410],{"class":102},[66,128302,128303],{"class":3413},"              # banana\n",[20,128305,20534,128306,128309,128310,103],{},[15,128307,128308],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128311,1788],{},[52,128313,1891],{"id":1890},[20,128315,1894],{},[57,128317,128319],{"className":59,"code":128318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128320,128321],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128322,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128324,217],{"class":72},[66,128326,103],{"class":102},[66,128328,128121],{"class":106},[66,128330,110],{"class":102},[66,128332,2208],{"class":106},[66,128334,121],{"class":102},[66,128336,35818],{"class":106},[66,128338,121],{"class":102},[66,128340,64804],{"class":106},[66,128342,131],{"class":102},[258,128344,261],{"id":260},[33,128346,128347,128351,128356],{},[36,128348,128349,123304],{},[15,128350,2208],{},[36,128352,128353,128355],{},[15,128354,35839],{},": optional starting position",[36,128357,128358,128360],{},[15,128359,52428],{},": optional ending position",[20,128362,128363,798,128365,128367],{},[15,128364,35839],{},[15,128366,52428],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128369,126428],{},[57,128371,128373],{"className":59,"code":128372,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128374,128375,128387,128391,128416,128445],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128376,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128378,73],{"class":72},[66,128380,77],{"class":76},[66,128382,81],{"class":80},[66,128384,1017],{"class":84},[66,128386,88],{"class":80},[66,128388,128389],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128390,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128392,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128394,138],{"class":137},[66,128396,110],{"class":102},[66,128398,349],{"class":106},[66,128400,103],{"class":102},[66,128402,128121],{"class":106},[66,128404,110],{"class":102},[66,128406,113],{"class":80},[66,128408,656],{"class":84},[66,128410,113],{"class":80},[66,128412,5117],{"class":102},[66,128414,128415],{"class":3413},"        # 4\n",[66,128417,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,128419,138],{"class":137},[66,128421,110],{"class":102},[66,128423,349],{"class":106},[66,128425,103],{"class":102},[66,128427,128121],{"class":106},[66,128429,110],{"class":102},[66,128431,113],{"class":80},[66,128433,656],{"class":84},[66,128435,113],{"class":80},[66,128437,121],{"class":102},[66,128439,4357],{"class":478},[66,128441,5117],{"class":102},[66,128443,128444],{"class":3413},"     # 7\n",[66,128446,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,128448,138],{"class":137},[66,128450,110],{"class":102},[66,128452,349],{"class":106},[66,128454,103],{"class":102},[66,128456,128121],{"class":106},[66,128458,110],{"class":102},[66,128460,113],{"class":80},[66,128462,656],{"class":84},[66,128464,113],{"class":80},[66,128466,121],{"class":102},[66,128468,4357],{"class":478},[66,128470,121],{"class":102},[66,128472,5746],{"class":478},[66,128474,5117],{"class":102},[66,128476,128477],{"class":3413},"  # -1\n",[52,128479,37786],{"id":37785},[20,128481,57313,128482,128484],{},[15,128483,124102],{}," is always an integer.",[33,128486,128487,128493,128496],{},[36,128488,128489,128490,128492],{},"A number ",[15,128491,1852],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[36,128494,128495],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[36,128497,128498,128500],{},[15,128499,65618],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128502,923],{},[57,128504,128506],{"className":59,"code":128505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128507,128508,128520,128524,128549,128574],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128509,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128511,73],{"class":72},[66,128513,77],{"class":76},[66,128515,81],{"class":80},[66,128517,61],{"class":84},[66,128519,88],{"class":80},[66,128521,128522],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128523,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128525,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128543,128545,128547],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128527,138],{"class":137},[66,128529,110],{"class":102},[66,128531,349],{"class":106},[66,128533,103],{"class":102},[66,128535,128121],{"class":106},[66,128537,110],{"class":102},[66,128539,113],{"class":80},[66,128541,128542],{"class":84},"py",[66,128544,113],{"class":80},[66,128546,5117],{"class":102},[66,128548,20531],{"class":3413},[66,128550,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128568,128570,128572],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,128552,138],{"class":137},[66,128554,110],{"class":102},[66,128556,349],{"class":106},[66,128558,103],{"class":102},[66,128560,128121],{"class":106},[66,128562,110],{"class":102},[66,128564,113],{"class":80},[66,128566,128567],{"class":84},"th",[66,128569,113],{"class":80},[66,128571,5117],{"class":102},[66,128573,57414],{"class":3413},[66,128575,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,128577,138],{"class":137},[66,128579,110],{"class":102},[66,128581,349],{"class":106},[66,128583,103],{"class":102},[66,128585,128121],{"class":106},[66,128587,110],{"class":102},[66,128589,113],{"class":80},[66,128591,21841],{"class":84},[66,128593,113],{"class":80},[66,128595,5117],{"class":102},[66,128597,128184],{"class":3413},[20,128599,89672,128600,8214,128602,2617,128604,103],{},[15,128601,124102],{},[15,128603,3350],{},[15,128605,3424],{},[20,128607,128608],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[52,128610,8176,128611,798,128613],{"id":65170},[15,128612,35839],{},[15,128614,52428],{},[20,128616,160,128617,128619],{},[15,128618,35839],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128621,160,128622,128624],{},[15,128623,52428],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128626,1711,128627,75226,128629,128631],{},[15,128628,52428],{},[398,128630,64833],{}," in the search.",[57,128633,128635],{"className":59,"code":128634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128636,128637,128650,128654,128678,128707,128739],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128638,128639,128641,128643,128645,128648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128640,73],{"class":72},[66,128642,77],{"class":76},[66,128644,81],{"class":80},[66,128646,128647],{"class":84},"one two three two",[66,128649,88],{"class":80},[66,128651,128652],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128653,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128655,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128657,138],{"class":137},[66,128659,110],{"class":102},[66,128661,349],{"class":106},[66,128663,103],{"class":102},[66,128665,128121],{"class":106},[66,128667,110],{"class":102},[66,128669,113],{"class":80},[66,128671,79035],{"class":84},[66,128673,113],{"class":80},[66,128675,5117],{"class":102},[66,128677,128415],{"class":3413},[66,128679,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,128681,138],{"class":137},[66,128683,110],{"class":102},[66,128685,349],{"class":106},[66,128687,103],{"class":102},[66,128689,128121],{"class":106},[66,128691,110],{"class":102},[66,128693,113],{"class":80},[66,128695,79035],{"class":84},[66,128697,113],{"class":80},[66,128699,121],{"class":102},[66,128701,4357],{"class":478},[66,128703,5117],{"class":102},[66,128705,128706],{"class":3413},"     # 14\n",[66,128708,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,128710,138],{"class":137},[66,128712,110],{"class":102},[66,128714,349],{"class":106},[66,128716,103],{"class":102},[66,128718,128121],{"class":106},[66,128720,110],{"class":102},[66,128722,113],{"class":80},[66,128724,79035],{"class":84},[66,128726,113],{"class":80},[66,128728,121],{"class":102},[66,128730,3584],{"class":478},[66,128732,121],{"class":102},[66,128734,5746],{"class":478},[66,128736,5117],{"class":102},[66,128738,50703],{"class":3413},[66,128740,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,128742,138],{"class":137},[66,128744,110],{"class":102},[66,128746,349],{"class":106},[66,128748,103],{"class":102},[66,128750,128121],{"class":106},[66,128752,110],{"class":102},[66,128754,113],{"class":80},[66,128756,79035],{"class":84},[66,128758,113],{"class":80},[66,128760,121],{"class":102},[66,128762,3584],{"class":478},[66,128764,121],{"class":102},[66,128766,2192],{"class":478},[66,128768,5117],{"class":102},[66,128770,128477],{"class":3413},[20,128772,128773],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128775,128776,128777,54837,128781,103],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[200,128778,128780],{"href":128779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[200,128782,128783,128785],{"href":769},[15,128784,773],{}," string method",[52,128787,786],{"id":785},[20,128789,128790,791],{},[15,128791,124102],{},[20,128793,794,128794,798,128796,128798],{},[15,128795,1350],{},[15,128797,1347],{}," are treated as different text.",[57,128800,128802],{"className":59,"code":128801,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128803,128804,128817,128821,128845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128805,128806,128808,128810,128812,128815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128807,73],{"class":72},[66,128809,77],{"class":76},[66,128811,81],{"class":80},[66,128813,128814],{"class":84},"Hello World",[66,128816,88],{"class":80},[66,128818,128819],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128820,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128822,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128824,138],{"class":137},[66,128826,110],{"class":102},[66,128828,349],{"class":106},[66,128830,103],{"class":102},[66,128832,128121],{"class":106},[66,128834,110],{"class":102},[66,128836,113],{"class":80},[66,128838,1296],{"class":84},[66,128840,113],{"class":80},[66,128842,5117],{"class":102},[66,128844,51014],{"class":3413},[66,128846,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,128848,138],{"class":137},[66,128850,110],{"class":102},[66,128852,349],{"class":106},[66,128854,103],{"class":102},[66,128856,128121],{"class":106},[66,128858,110],{"class":102},[66,128860,113],{"class":80},[66,128862,939],{"class":84},[66,128864,113],{"class":80},[66,128866,5117],{"class":102},[66,128868,128477],{"class":3413},[20,128870,128871],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[57,128873,128875],{"className":59,"code":128874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128876,128877,128889,128893],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128878,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128880,73],{"class":72},[66,128882,77],{"class":76},[66,128884,81],{"class":80},[66,128886,128814],{"class":84},[66,128888,88],{"class":80},[66,128890,128891],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128892,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128894,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128896,138],{"class":137},[66,128898,110],{"class":102},[66,128900,349],{"class":106},[66,128902,103],{"class":102},[66,128904,8399],{"class":106},[66,128906,8396],{"class":102},[66,128908,128121],{"class":106},[66,128910,110],{"class":102},[66,128912,113],{"class":80},[66,128914,939],{"class":84},[66,128916,113],{"class":80},[66,128918,5117],{"class":102},[66,128920,51014],{"class":3413},[52,128922,128924,10348,128926],{"id":128923},"find-vs-index",[15,128925,124102],{},[15,128927,58736],{},[20,128929,128930,798,128932,128934],{},[15,128931,124102],{},[15,128933,58736],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[33,128936,128937,128943],{},[36,128938,128939,2131,128941],{},[15,128940,124102],{},[15,128942,65618],{},[36,128944,128945,52262,128947],{},[15,128946,58736],{},[15,128948,40471],{},[20,128950,160,128951,128953],{},[15,128952,124102],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128955,160,128956,128958],{},[15,128957,58736],{}," when the value must exist.",[57,128960,128962],{"className":59,"code":128961,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128963,128964,128976,128980],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128965,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128967,73],{"class":72},[66,128969,77],{"class":76},[66,128971,81],{"class":80},[66,128973,939],{"class":84},[66,128975,88],{"class":80},[66,128977,128978],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,128979,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,128981,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,128983,138],{"class":137},[66,128985,110],{"class":102},[66,128987,349],{"class":106},[66,128989,103],{"class":102},[66,128991,128121],{"class":106},[66,128993,110],{"class":102},[66,128995,113],{"class":80},[66,128997,960],{"class":84},[66,128999,113],{"class":80},[66,129001,5117],{"class":102},[66,129003,129004],{"class":3413},"   # -1\n",[57,129006,129008],{"className":59,"code":129007,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129009,129010,129022,129026],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129011,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129013,73],{"class":72},[66,129015,77],{"class":76},[66,129017,81],{"class":80},[66,129019,939],{"class":84},[66,129021,88],{"class":80},[66,129023,129024],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129025,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,129027,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,129029,138],{"class":137},[66,129031,110],{"class":102},[66,129033,349],{"class":106},[66,129035,103],{"class":102},[66,129037,35612],{"class":106},[66,129039,110],{"class":102},[66,129041,113],{"class":80},[66,129043,960],{"class":84},[66,129045,113],{"class":80},[66,129047,5117],{"class":102},[66,129049,129050],{"class":3413},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129052,129053,129054,129058,129059,129061,129062,103],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[200,129055,129056,128785],{"href":124127},[15,129057,58736],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129060,58736],{},", read ",[200,129063,25445,129064],{"href":73246},[15,129065,129066],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[52,129068,40813],{"id":40812},[20,129070,35171,129071,129073],{},[15,129072,124102],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[33,129075,129076,129079,129082,129085],{},[36,129077,129078],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[36,129080,129081],{},"Get the position of a word",[36,129083,129084],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[36,129086,129087],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129089,129090],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[57,129092,129094],{"className":59,"code":129093,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129095,129096,129109,129132,129136,129151,129167,129186,129200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129097,129098,129100,129102,129104,129107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129099,73],{"class":72},[66,129101,77],{"class":76},[66,129103,81],{"class":80},[66,129105,129106],{"class":84},"name:Alice",[66,129108,88],{"class":80},[66,129110,129111,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129112,129113],{"class":72},"colon_pos ",[66,129115,77],{"class":76},[66,129117,99],{"class":72},[66,129119,103],{"class":102},[66,129121,128121],{"class":106},[66,129123,110],{"class":102},[66,129125,113],{"class":80},[66,129127,1111],{"class":84},[66,129129,113],{"class":80},[66,129131,131],{"class":102},[66,129133,129134],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,129135,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,129137,129138,129140,129143,129145,129147,129149],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,129139,6752],{"class":3627},[66,129141,129142],{"class":72}," colon_pos ",[66,129144,72356],{"class":76},[66,129146,1956],{"class":76},[66,129148,2729],{"class":478},[66,129150,6146],{"class":102},[66,129152,129153,129156,129158,129160,129162,129165],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,129154,129155],{"class":72},"    label ",[66,129157,77],{"class":76},[66,129159,99],{"class":72},[66,129161,75299],{"class":102},[66,129163,129164],{"class":72},"colon_pos",[66,129166,3383],{"class":102},[66,129168,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,129170,27166],{"class":72},[66,129172,77],{"class":76},[66,129174,99],{"class":72},[66,129176,3652],{"class":102},[66,129178,129113],{"class":72},[66,129180,1791],{"class":76},[66,129182,479],{"class":478},[66,129184,129185],{"class":102},":]\n",[66,129187,129188,129190,129192,129195,129197],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,129189,7826],{"class":137},[66,129191,110],{"class":102},[66,129193,129194],{"class":106},"label",[66,129196,3410],{"class":102},[66,129198,129199],{"class":3413},"  # name\n",[66,129201,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,129203,7826],{"class":137},[66,129205,110],{"class":102},[66,129207,2208],{"class":106},[66,129209,3410],{"class":102},[66,129211,129212],{"class":3413},"  # Alice\n",[20,129214,129215,129216,103],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[200,129217,127135],{"href":123367},[52,129219,2568],{"id":2567},[20,129221,129222,129223,1111],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129224,124102],{},[33,129226,129227,129236,129242,129247,129253],{},[36,129228,1119,129229,8214,129231,2617,129233,129235],{},[15,129230,124102],{},[15,129232,3350],{},[15,129234,3424],{}," instead of an index",[36,129237,129238,129239,129241],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129240,65618],{}," when the substring is missing",[36,129243,8176,129244,129246],{},[15,129245,124102],{}," without handling case differences",[36,129248,1128,129249,8464,129251],{},[15,129250,124102],{},[15,129252,58736],{},[36,129254,4331,129255,129257],{},[15,129256,124102],{}," changes the string",[20,129259,129260],{},"Example of a mistake:",[57,129262,129264],{"className":59,"code":129263,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129265,129266,129278,129282,129302,129317,129323],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129267,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129269,73],{"class":72},[66,129271,77],{"class":76},[66,129273,81],{"class":80},[66,129275,939],{"class":84},[66,129277,88],{"class":80},[66,129279,129280],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129281,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,129283,129284,129286,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,129285,6752],{"class":3627},[66,129287,99],{"class":72},[66,129289,103],{"class":102},[66,129291,128121],{"class":106},[66,129293,110],{"class":102},[66,129295,113],{"class":80},[66,129297,60206],{"class":84},[66,129299,113],{"class":80},[66,129301,8100],{"class":102},[66,129303,129304,129306,129308,129310,129313,129315],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,129305,7826],{"class":137},[66,129307,110],{"class":102},[66,129309,113],{"class":80},[66,129311,129312],{"class":84},"Found",[66,129314,113],{"class":80},[66,129316,131],{"class":102},[66,129318,129319,129321],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,129320,27199],{"class":3627},[66,129322,6146],{"class":102},[66,129324,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,129326,7826],{"class":137},[66,129328,110],{"class":102},[66,129330,113],{"class":80},[66,129332,26080],{"class":84},[66,129334,113],{"class":80},[66,129336,131],{"class":102},[20,129338,99676],{},[57,129340,129342],{"className":59,"code":129341,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Not found\n",[15,129343,129344],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129345,129346],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129347,129341],{"class":72},[20,129349,45470,129350,129353,129354,16835,129356,129358,129359,129361],{},[15,129351,129352],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129355,1852],{},[15,129357,1852],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129360,6752],{}," statement.",[20,129363,129364],{},"A safer version is:",[57,129366,129368],{"className":59,"code":129367,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129369,129370,129382,129386,129415,129429,129435],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129371,129372,129374,129376,129378,129380],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129373,73],{"class":72},[66,129375,77],{"class":76},[66,129377,81],{"class":80},[66,129379,939],{"class":84},[66,129381,88],{"class":80},[66,129383,129384],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129385,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,129387,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129409,129411,129413],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,129389,6752],{"class":3627},[66,129391,99],{"class":72},[66,129393,103],{"class":102},[66,129395,128121],{"class":106},[66,129397,110],{"class":102},[66,129399,113],{"class":80},[66,129401,60206],{"class":84},[66,129403,113],{"class":80},[66,129405,3410],{"class":102},[66,129407,129408],{"class":76}," !=",[66,129410,1956],{"class":76},[66,129412,2729],{"class":478},[66,129414,6146],{"class":102},[66,129416,129417,129419,129421,129423,129425,129427],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,129418,7826],{"class":137},[66,129420,110],{"class":102},[66,129422,113],{"class":80},[66,129424,129312],{"class":84},[66,129426,113],{"class":80},[66,129428,131],{"class":102},[66,129430,129431,129433],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,129432,27199],{"class":3627},[66,129434,6146],{"class":102},[66,129436,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,129438,7826],{"class":137},[66,129440,110],{"class":102},[66,129442,113],{"class":80},[66,129444,26080],{"class":84},[66,129446,113],{"class":80},[66,129448,131],{"class":102},[20,129450,129451],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[57,129453,129455],{"className":59,"code":129454,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129456,129457,129479,129493,129519,129533],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129458,129459,129461,129463,129465,129467,129469,129471,129473,129475,129477],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129460,138],{"class":137},[66,129462,110],{"class":102},[66,129464,349],{"class":106},[66,129466,103],{"class":102},[66,129468,128121],{"class":106},[66,129470,110],{"class":102},[66,129472,3044],{"class":80},[66,129474,38157],{"class":84},[66,129476,3044],{"class":80},[66,129478,1330],{"class":102},[66,129480,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129482,138],{"class":137},[66,129484,110],{"class":102},[66,129486,41545],{"class":137},[66,129488,110],{"class":102},[66,129490,349],{"class":106},[66,129492,1330],{"class":102},[66,129494,129495,129497,129499,129501,129503,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513,129515,129517],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,129496,138],{"class":137},[66,129498,110],{"class":102},[66,129500,349],{"class":106},[66,129502,103],{"class":102},[66,129504,8399],{"class":106},[66,129506,8396],{"class":102},[66,129508,128121],{"class":106},[66,129510,110],{"class":102},[66,129512,3044],{"class":80},[66,129514,38157],{"class":84},[66,129516,3044],{"class":80},[66,129518,1330],{"class":102},[66,129520,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,129522,138],{"class":137},[66,129524,110],{"class":102},[66,129526,10924],{"class":137},[66,129528,110],{"class":102},[66,129530,349],{"class":106},[66,129532,1330],{"class":102},[66,129534,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559,129561],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,129536,138],{"class":137},[66,129538,110],{"class":102},[66,129540,349],{"class":106},[66,129542,103],{"class":102},[66,129544,128121],{"class":106},[66,129546,110],{"class":102},[66,129548,3044],{"class":80},[66,129550,38157],{"class":84},[66,129552,3044],{"class":80},[66,129554,121],{"class":102},[66,129556,35818],{"class":106},[66,129558,121],{"class":102},[66,129560,64804],{"class":106},[66,129562,1330],{"class":102},[20,129564,129565],{},"These help you check:",[33,129567,129568,129573,129578,129583,129586],{},[36,129569,129570,129571],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129572,124102],{},[36,129574,129575,129576],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129577,122328],{},[36,129579,129580,129581],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129582,898],{},[36,129584,129585],{},"The string length",[36,129587,129588,129589,798,129591,129593],{},"Whether your ",[15,129590,35839],{},[15,129592,52428],{}," values are correct",[52,129595,1518],{"id":1517},[258,129597,129599,129600,129602],{"id":129598},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129601,124102],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129604,4903,129605,103],{},[15,129606,65618],{},[258,129608,1522,129610,129612],{"id":129609},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129611,124102],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129614,129615],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[258,129617,129619,129620,1613],{"id":129618},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129621,124102],{},[20,129623,1616],{},[258,129625,4934,129627,798,129629,69419],{"id":129626},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129628,124102],{},[15,129630,58736],{},[20,129632,129633,2131,129635,129637,129638,52262,129640,103],{},[15,129634,124102],{},[15,129636,65618],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129639,58736],{},[15,129641,40471],{},[258,129643,28094,129645,129647],{"id":129644},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129646,124102],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129649,129650,129651,798,129653,65917],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129652,35839],{},[15,129654,52428],{},[52,129656,1620],{"id":1619},[33,129658,129659,129665,129671,129678,129684,129691,129695,129700],{},[36,129660,129661],{},[200,129662,770,129663,774],{"href":124127},[15,129664,58736],{},[36,129666,129667],{},[200,129668,770,129669,774],{"href":769},[15,129670,773],{},[36,129672,129673],{},[200,129674,770,129676,774],{"href":129675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129677,17],{},[36,129679,129680],{},[200,129681,770,129682,774],{"href":127462},[15,129683,127465],{},[36,129685,129686],{},[200,129687,770,129689,774],{"href":129688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129690,126157],{},[36,129692,129693],{},[200,129694,124502],{"href":123367},[36,129696,129697],{},[200,129698,129699],{"href":128779},"How to split a string in Python",[36,129701,129702],{},[200,129703,25887,129704],{"href":73246},[15,129705,129066],{},[1651,129707,129708],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":129710},[129711,129713,129716,129717,129718,129719,129721,129722,129723,129735],{"id":128197,"depth":91,"text":129712},"What find() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":129714},[129715],{"id":260,"depth":134,"text":261},{"id":37785,"depth":91,"text":37786},{"id":65170,"depth":91,"text":65953},{"id":785,"depth":91,"text":786},{"id":128923,"depth":91,"text":129720},"find() vs index()",{"id":40812,"depth":91,"text":40813},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":129724},[129725,129727,129729,129731,129733],{"id":129598,"depth":134,"text":129726},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129609,"depth":134,"text":129728},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129618,"depth":134,"text":129730},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129626,"depth":134,"text":129732},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129644,"depth":134,"text":129734},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128069,"description":129736},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129743,"title":129744,"body":129745,"description":131668,"extension":1694,"meta":131669,"navigation":338,"path":131670,"seo":131671,"stem":131672,"__hash__":131673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129746,"toc":131636},[129747,129752,129757,129760,129762,129838,129842,129870,129878,129882,129887,129891,129908,129910,129975,129979,130001,130009,130011,130014,130038,130041,130055,130057,130142,130146,130158,130161,130165,130171,130221,130225,130242,130251,130254,130262,130265,130314,130318,130343,130346,130401,130405,130417,130423,130427,130433,130438,130505,130509,130535,130538,130549,130551,130618,130622,130647,130654,130658,130663,130670,130678,130680,130732,130736,130754,130756,130801,130805,130820,130823,130833,130840,130842,130846,130849,130860,130862,130922,130926,130954,130957,130963,130968,130971,130975,131019,131022,131060,131063,131071,131073,131078,131082,131085,131133,131136,131139,131195,131199,131204,131207,131256,131258,131307,131312,131317,131319,131366,131370,131383,131385,131436,131442,131445,131449,131452,131458,131463,131465,131468,131540,131543,131560,131562,131567,131570,131574,131580,131586,131593,131599,131605,131607,131633],[10,129748,13,129750,18],{"id":129749},"python-string-format-method",[15,129751,126102],{},[20,129753,22,129754,129756],{},[15,129755,126102],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129758,129759],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[52,129761,55],{"id":54},[57,129763,129765],{"className":59,"code":129764,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129766,129767,129779,129787,129791,129828],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129768,129769,129771,129773,129775,129777],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129770,7633],{"class":72},[66,129772,77],{"class":76},[66,129774,81],{"class":80},[66,129776,11272],{"class":84},[66,129778,88],{"class":80},[66,129780,129781,129783,129785],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129782,21392],{"class":72},[66,129784,77],{"class":76},[66,129786,88563],{"class":478},[66,129788,129789],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,129790,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,129792,129793,129795,129797,129799,129802,129804,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,129794,89768],{"class":72},[66,129796,77],{"class":76},[66,129798,81],{"class":80},[66,129800,129801],{"class":84},"My name is ",[66,129803,3542],{"class":478},[66,129805,129806],{"class":84}," and I am ",[66,129808,3542],{"class":478},[66,129810,122110],{"class":84},[66,129812,113],{"class":80},[66,129814,103],{"class":102},[66,129816,129817],{"class":106},"format",[66,129819,110],{"class":102},[66,129821,7423],{"class":106},[66,129823,121],{"class":102},[66,129825,8949],{"class":106},[66,129827,131],{"class":102},[66,129829,129830,129832,129834,129836],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,129831,138],{"class":137},[66,129833,110],{"class":102},[66,129835,89785],{"class":106},[66,129837,131],{"class":102},[20,129839,129840],{},[398,129841,148],{},[57,129843,129845],{"className":59,"code":129844,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129846,129847],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129848,129849,129852,129854,129857,129860,129863,129866,129868],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129850,129851],{"class":72},"My name ",[66,129853,11956],{"class":76},[66,129855,129856],{"class":72}," Maya ",[66,129858,129859],{"class":76},"and",[66,129861,129862],{"class":72}," I am ",[66,129864,129865],{"class":478},"12",[66,129867,122143],{"class":72},[66,129869,122146],{"class":102},[20,129871,160,129872,129874,129875,129877],{},[15,129873,3542],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129876,126102],{}," in the same order.",[20,129879,198,129880,103],{},[200,129881,203],{"href":202},[52,129883,12759,129885,12762],{"id":129884},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129886,126102],{},[20,129888,1711,129889,11175],{},[15,129890,126102],{},[33,129892,129893,129896,129902,129905],{},[36,129894,129895],{},"inserts values into a string",[36,129897,129898,129899,129901],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129900,3542],{}," with given values",[36,129903,129904],{},"returns a new string",[36,129906,129907],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129909,923],{},[57,129911,129913],{"className":59,"code":129912,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129914,129915,129929,129951,129955,129965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129916,129917,129919,129921,129923,129925,129927],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129918,73],{"class":72},[66,129920,77],{"class":76},[66,129922,81],{"class":80},[66,129924,44668],{"class":84},[66,129926,3542],{"class":478},[66,129928,88],{"class":80},[66,129930,129931,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129932,94],{"class":72},[66,129934,77],{"class":76},[66,129936,99],{"class":72},[66,129938,103],{"class":102},[66,129940,129817],{"class":106},[66,129942,110],{"class":102},[66,129944,113],{"class":80},[66,129946,7432],{"class":84},[66,129948,113],{"class":80},[66,129950,131],{"class":102},[66,129952,129953],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,129954,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,129956,129957,129959,129961,129963],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,129958,138],{"class":137},[66,129960,110],{"class":102},[66,129962,143],{"class":106},[66,129964,131],{"class":102},[66,129966,129967,129969,129971,129973],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,129968,138],{"class":137},[66,129970,110],{"class":102},[66,129972,349],{"class":106},[66,129974,131],{"class":102},[20,129976,129977],{},[398,129978,148],{},[57,129980,129982],{"className":59,"code":129981,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129983,129984,129993],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129985,129986,129988,129990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129987,1296],{"class":72},[66,129989,121],{"class":102},[66,129991,129992],{"class":72}," Sam\n",[66,129994,129995,129997,129999],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,129996,1296],{"class":72},[66,129998,121],{"class":102},[66,130000,9600],{"class":102},[20,130002,2019,130003,130005,130006,130008],{},[15,130004,349],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130007,126102],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[52,130010,1891],{"id":1890},[20,130012,130013],{},"The general form is:",[57,130015,130017],{"className":59,"code":130016,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130018,130019],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130020,130021,130023,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130022,113],{"class":43094},[66,130024,130025],{"class":43098},"text {}",[66,130027,113],{"class":43094},[66,130029,103],{"class":102},[66,130031,129817],{"class":106},[66,130033,110],{"class":102},[66,130035,2208],{"class":106},[66,130037,131],{"class":102},[20,130039,130040],{},"Key idea:",[33,130042,130043,130049,130052],{},[36,130044,130045,130046,130048],{},"each ",[15,130047,3542],{}," is a placeholder",[36,130050,130051],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[36,130053,130054],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130056,923],{},[57,130058,130060],{"className":59,"code":130059,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130061,130062,130075,130089,130093,130131],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130063,130064,130067,130069,130071,130073],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130065,130066],{"class":72},"animal ",[66,130068,77],{"class":76},[66,130070,81],{"class":80},[66,130072,462],{"class":84},[66,130074,88],{"class":80},[66,130076,130077,130080,130082,130084,130087],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130078,130079],{"class":72},"sound ",[66,130081,77],{"class":76},[66,130083,81],{"class":80},[66,130085,130086],{"class":84},"meow",[66,130088,88],{"class":80},[66,130090,130091],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,130092,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,130094,130095,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106,130109,130111,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121,130124,130126,130129],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,130096,130097],{"class":72},"sentence ",[66,130099,77],{"class":76},[66,130101,81],{"class":80},[66,130103,1711],{"class":84},[66,130105,3542],{"class":478},[66,130107,130108],{"class":84}," says ",[66,130110,3542],{"class":478},[66,130112,103],{"class":84},[66,130114,113],{"class":80},[66,130116,103],{"class":102},[66,130118,129817],{"class":106},[66,130120,110],{"class":102},[66,130122,130123],{"class":106},"animal",[66,130125,121],{"class":102},[66,130127,130128],{"class":106}," sound",[66,130130,131],{"class":102},[66,130132,130133,130135,130137,130140],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,130134,138],{"class":137},[66,130136,110],{"class":102},[66,130138,130139],{"class":106},"sentence",[66,130141,131],{"class":102},[20,130143,130144],{},[398,130145,148],{},[57,130147,130149],{"className":59,"code":130148,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130150,130151],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130152,130153,130156],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130154,130155],{"class":72},"The cat says meow",[66,130157,122146],{"class":102},[20,130159,130160],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[52,130162,130164],{"id":130163},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130166,130167,130168,130170],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130169,3542],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[57,130172,130174],{"className":59,"code":130173,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130175,130176],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130177,130178,130180,130182,130184,130187,130189,130191,130193,130195,130197,130199,130201,130203,130205,130208,130210,130212,130214,130217,130219],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130179,138],{"class":137},[66,130181,110],{"class":102},[66,130183,113],{"class":80},[66,130185,130186],{"class":84},"I like ",[66,130188,3542],{"class":478},[66,130190,798],{"class":84},[66,130192,3542],{"class":478},[66,130194,103],{"class":84},[66,130196,113],{"class":80},[66,130198,103],{"class":102},[66,130200,129817],{"class":106},[66,130202,110],{"class":102},[66,130204,113],{"class":80},[66,130206,130207],{"class":84},"pizza",[66,130209,113],{"class":80},[66,130211,121],{"class":102},[66,130213,81],{"class":80},[66,130215,130216],{"class":84},"pasta",[66,130218,113],{"class":80},[66,130220,1330],{"class":102},[20,130222,130223],{},[398,130224,148],{},[57,130226,130228],{"className":59,"code":130227,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130229,130230],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130231,130232,130235,130237,130240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130233,130234],{"class":72},"I like pizza ",[66,130236,129859],{"class":76},[66,130238,130239],{"class":72}," pasta",[66,130241,122146],{"class":102},[20,130243,130244,130245,798,130248,103],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130246,130247],{},"{0}",[15,130249,130250],{},"{1}",[20,130252,130253],{},"This is helpful when:",[33,130255,130256,130259],{},[36,130257,130258],{},"you want to reuse a value",[36,130260,130261],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130263,130264],{},"Example with reused values:",[57,130266,130268],{"className":59,"code":130267,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130269,130270,130304],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130271,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280,130283,130285,130288,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130273,73],{"class":72},[66,130275,77],{"class":76},[66,130277,81],{"class":80},[66,130279,130247],{"class":478},[66,130281,130282],{"class":84}," is learning Python. ",[66,130284,130247],{"class":478},[66,130286,130287],{"class":84}," likes coding.",[66,130289,113],{"class":80},[66,130291,103],{"class":102},[66,130293,129817],{"class":106},[66,130295,110],{"class":102},[66,130297,113],{"class":80},[66,130299,19645],{"class":84},[66,130301,113],{"class":80},[66,130303,131],{"class":102},[66,130305,130306,130308,130310,130312],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130307,138],{"class":137},[66,130309,110],{"class":102},[66,130311,349],{"class":106},[66,130313,131],{"class":102},[20,130315,130316],{},[398,130317,148],{},[57,130319,130321],{"className":59,"code":130320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130322,130323],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130324,130325,130328,130330,130333,130335,130338,130341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130326,130327],{"class":72},"Lina ",[66,130329,11956],{"class":76},[66,130331,130332],{"class":72}," learning Python",[66,130334,103],{"class":102},[66,130336,130337],{"class":24515}," Lina",[66,130339,130340],{"class":72}," likes coding",[66,130342,122146],{"class":102},[20,130344,130345],{},"Example with changed order:",[57,130347,130349],{"className":59,"code":130348,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130350,130351,130391],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130352,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130354,73],{"class":72},[66,130356,77],{"class":76},[66,130358,81],{"class":80},[66,130360,130250],{"class":478},[66,130362,83090],{"class":84},[66,130364,130247],{"class":478},[66,130366,103],{"class":84},[66,130368,113],{"class":80},[66,130370,103],{"class":102},[66,130372,129817],{"class":106},[66,130374,110],{"class":102},[66,130376,113],{"class":80},[66,130378,6339],{"class":84},[66,130380,113],{"class":80},[66,130382,121],{"class":102},[66,130384,81],{"class":80},[66,130386,79035],{"class":84},[66,130388,113],{"class":80},[66,130390,131],{"class":102},[66,130392,130393,130395,130397,130399],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130394,138],{"class":137},[66,130396,110],{"class":102},[66,130398,349],{"class":106},[66,130400,131],{"class":102},[20,130402,130403],{},[398,130404,148],{},[57,130406,130408],{"className":59,"code":130407,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130409,130410],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130411,130412,130415],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130413,130414],{"class":72},"two comes after one",[66,130416,122146],{"class":102},[20,130418,130419,130420,130422],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130421,3542],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[52,130424,130426],{"id":130425},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130428,130429,130430,103],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130431,130432],{},"{name}",[20,130434,130435,130436,1111],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130437,126102],{},[57,130439,130441],{"className":59,"code":130440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130442,130443,130495],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130444,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130458,130461,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485,130487,130489,130491,130493],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130446,73],{"class":72},[66,130448,77],{"class":76},[66,130450,81],{"class":80},[66,130452,129801],{"class":84},[66,130454,130432],{"class":478},[66,130456,130457],{"class":84}," and I live in ",[66,130459,130460],{"class":478},"{city}",[66,130462,103],{"class":84},[66,130464,113],{"class":80},[66,130466,103],{"class":102},[66,130468,129817],{"class":106},[66,130470,110],{"class":102},[66,130472,7423],{"class":8936},[66,130474,77],{"class":76},[66,130476,113],{"class":80},[66,130478,12643],{"class":84},[66,130480,113],{"class":80},[66,130482,121],{"class":102},[66,130484,31152],{"class":8936},[66,130486,77],{"class":76},[66,130488,113],{"class":80},[66,130490,15793],{"class":84},[66,130492,113],{"class":80},[66,130494,131],{"class":102},[66,130496,130497,130499,130501,130503],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130498,138],{"class":137},[66,130500,110],{"class":102},[66,130502,349],{"class":106},[66,130504,131],{"class":102},[20,130506,130507],{},[398,130508,148],{},[57,130510,130512],{"className":59,"code":130511,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130513,130514],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130515,130516,130518,130520,130523,130525,130528,130530,130533],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130517,129851],{"class":72},[66,130519,11956],{"class":76},[66,130521,130522],{"class":72}," Ana ",[66,130524,129859],{"class":76},[66,130526,130527],{"class":72}," I live ",[66,130529,3634],{"class":76},[66,130531,130532],{"class":72}," Lima",[66,130534,122146],{"class":102},[20,130536,130537],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[33,130539,130540,130543,130546],{},[36,130541,130542],{},"they make code easier to read",[36,130544,130545],{},"they help when a string has many values",[36,130547,130548],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130550,923],{},[57,130552,130554],{"className":59,"code":130553,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130555,130556,130608],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130557,130558,130561,130563,130565,130568,130571,130574,130577,130579,130581,130583,130585,130587,130589,130591,130594,130596,130598,130601,130603,130606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130559,130560],{"class":72},"report ",[66,130562,77],{"class":76},[66,130564,81],{"class":80},[66,130566,130567],{"class":84},"Student: ",[66,130569,130570],{"class":478},"{student}",[66,130572,130573],{"class":84},", Score: ",[66,130575,130576],{"class":478},"{score}",[66,130578,113],{"class":80},[66,130580,103],{"class":102},[66,130582,129817],{"class":106},[66,130584,110],{"class":102},[66,130586,13387],{"class":8936},[66,130588,77],{"class":76},[66,130590,113],{"class":80},[66,130592,130593],{"class":84},"Noah",[66,130595,113],{"class":80},[66,130597,121],{"class":102},[66,130599,130600],{"class":8936}," score",[66,130602,77],{"class":76},[66,130604,130605],{"class":478},"95",[66,130607,131],{"class":102},[66,130609,130610,130612,130614,130616],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130611,138],{"class":137},[66,130613,110],{"class":102},[66,130615,127810],{"class":106},[66,130617,131],{"class":102},[20,130619,130620],{},[398,130621,148],{},[57,130623,130625],{"className":59,"code":130624,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130626,130627],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130628,130629,130632,130634,130637,130639,130642,130644],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130630,130631],{"class":72},"Student",[66,130633,1111],{"class":102},[66,130635,130636],{"class":72}," Noah",[66,130638,121],{"class":102},[66,130640,130641],{"class":72}," Score",[66,130643,1111],{"class":102},[66,130645,130646],{"class":478}," 95\n",[20,130648,130649,130650,103],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[200,130651,3321,130652,3254],{"href":41941},[15,130653,47451],{},[52,130655,130657],{"id":130656},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130659,130660,130662],{},[15,130661,126102],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130664,130665,130666,130669],{},"A common example is ",[15,130667,130668],{},":.2f",", which means:",[33,130671,130672,130675],{},[36,130673,130674],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[36,130676,130677],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130679,923],{},[57,130681,130683],{"className":59,"code":130682,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130684,130685,130693,130722],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130686,130687,130689,130691],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130688,40154],{"class":72},[66,130690,77],{"class":76},[66,130692,49044],{"class":478},[66,130694,130695,130697,130699,130701,130704,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130696,73],{"class":72},[66,130698,77],{"class":76},[66,130700,81],{"class":80},[66,130702,130703],{"class":84},"Price: $",[66,130705,9039],{"class":478},[66,130707,130668],{"class":1797},[66,130709,22067],{"class":478},[66,130711,113],{"class":80},[66,130713,103],{"class":102},[66,130715,129817],{"class":106},[66,130717,110],{"class":102},[66,130719,24915],{"class":106},[66,130721,131],{"class":102},[66,130723,130724,130726,130728,130730],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,130725,138],{"class":137},[66,130727,110],{"class":102},[66,130729,349],{"class":106},[66,130731,131],{"class":102},[20,130733,130734],{},[398,130735,148],{},[57,130737,130739],{"className":59,"code":130738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130740,130741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130742,130743,130746,130748,130751],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130744,130745],{"class":72},"Price",[66,130747,1111],{"class":102},[66,130749,130750],{"class":37132}," $",[66,130752,130753],{"class":478},"3.50\n",[20,130755,51847],{},[57,130757,130759],{"className":59,"code":130758,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130760,130761,130771],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130762,130763,130766,130768],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130764,130765],{"class":72},"average ",[66,130767,77],{"class":76},[66,130769,130770],{"class":478}," 91.236\n",[66,130772,130773,130775,130777,130779,130782,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792,130794,130796,130799],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130774,138],{"class":137},[66,130776,110],{"class":102},[66,130778,113],{"class":80},[66,130780,130781],{"class":84},"Average: ",[66,130783,9039],{"class":478},[66,130785,130668],{"class":1797},[66,130787,22067],{"class":478},[66,130789,113],{"class":80},[66,130791,103],{"class":102},[66,130793,129817],{"class":106},[66,130795,110],{"class":102},[66,130797,130798],{"class":106},"average",[66,130800,1330],{"class":102},[20,130802,130803],{},[398,130804,148],{},[57,130806,130808],{"className":59,"code":130807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130809,130810],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130811,130812,130815,130817],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130813,130814],{"class":72},"Average",[66,130816,1111],{"class":102},[66,130818,130819],{"class":478}," 91.24\n",[20,130821,130822],{},"This is useful for:",[33,130824,130825,130827,130830],{},[36,130826,82848],{},[36,130828,130829],{},"averages",[36,130831,130832],{},"percentages",[20,130834,130835,130836,103],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[200,130837,3321,130838,2036],{"href":46216},[15,130839,46219],{},[52,130841,17180],{"id":17179},[20,130843,130844,92281],{},[15,130845,126102],{},[20,130847,130848],{},"That means you can:",[33,130850,130851,130854,130857],{},[36,130852,130853],{},"save it in a variable",[36,130855,130856],{},"print it directly",[36,130858,130859],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130861,923],{},[57,130863,130865],{"className":59,"code":130864,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130866,130867,130898,130908],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130868,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130894,130896],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130870,89768],{"class":72},[66,130872,77],{"class":76},[66,130874,81],{"class":80},[66,130876,44668],{"class":84},[66,130878,3542],{"class":478},[66,130880,89610],{"class":84},[66,130882,113],{"class":80},[66,130884,103],{"class":102},[66,130886,129817],{"class":106},[66,130888,110],{"class":102},[66,130890,113],{"class":80},[66,130892,130893],{"class":84},"Chris",[66,130895,113],{"class":80},[66,130897,131],{"class":102},[66,130899,130900,130902,130904,130906],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130901,138],{"class":137},[66,130903,110],{"class":102},[66,130905,89785],{"class":106},[66,130907,131],{"class":102},[66,130909,130910,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,130911,138],{"class":137},[66,130913,110],{"class":102},[66,130915,2964],{"class":2641},[66,130917,110],{"class":102},[66,130919,89785],{"class":106},[66,130921,1330],{"class":102},[20,130923,130924],{},[398,130925,148],{},[57,130927,130929],{"className":59,"code":130928,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130930,130931,130940],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130932,130933,130935,130937],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130934,1296],{"class":72},[66,130936,121],{"class":102},[66,130938,130939],{"class":72}," Chris!\n",[66,130941,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130943,3033],{"class":76},[66,130945,3036],{"class":1797},[66,130947,3039],{"class":80},[66,130949,3188],{"class":84},[66,130951,3044],{"class":80},[66,130953,3047],{"class":76},[20,130955,130956],{},"The original string is not changed.",[52,130958,130960,130962],{"id":130959},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130961,126102],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130964,130965,130967],{},[15,130966,126102],{}," is a string method.",[20,130969,130970],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130972,45807,130973,1111],{},[15,130974,126102],{},[57,130976,130978],{"className":59,"code":130977,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130979,130980,130993],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130981,130982,130984,130986,130988,130991],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130983,7633],{"class":72},[66,130985,77],{"class":76},[66,130987,81],{"class":80},[66,130989,130990],{"class":84},"Rita",[66,130992,88],{"class":80},[66,130994,130995,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,130996,138],{"class":137},[66,130998,110],{"class":102},[66,131000,113],{"class":80},[66,131002,44668],{"class":84},[66,131004,3542],{"class":478},[66,131006,89610],{"class":84},[66,131008,113],{"class":80},[66,131010,103],{"class":102},[66,131012,129817],{"class":106},[66,131014,110],{"class":102},[66,131016,7423],{"class":106},[66,131018,1330],{"class":102},[20,131020,131021],{},"Example with an f-string:",[57,131023,131025],{"className":59,"code":131024,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131026,131027,131039],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131028,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131030,7633],{"class":72},[66,131032,77],{"class":76},[66,131034,81],{"class":80},[66,131036,130990],{"class":84},[66,131038,88],{"class":80},[66,131040,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053,131055,131058],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131042,138],{"class":137},[66,131044,110],{"class":102},[66,131046,22058],{"class":1797},[66,131048,43112],{"class":84},[66,131050,9039],{"class":478},[66,131052,7423],{"class":106},[66,131054,22067],{"class":478},[66,131056,131057],{"class":84},"!\"",[66,131059,131],{"class":102},[20,131061,131062],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131064,131065,131066,131068,131069,103],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131067,126102],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[200,131070,89456],{"href":89455},[52,131072,2568],{"id":2567},[20,131074,131075,131076,103],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131077,126102],{},[258,131079,131081],{"id":131080},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131083,131084],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[57,131086,131088],{"className":59,"code":131087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131089,131090,131123],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131091,131092,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131105,131107,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131093,73],{"class":72},[66,131095,77],{"class":76},[66,131097,81],{"class":80},[66,131099,44668],{"class":84},[66,131101,3542],{"class":478},[66,131103,131104],{"class":478}," {}",[66,131106,89610],{"class":84},[66,131108,113],{"class":80},[66,131110,103],{"class":102},[66,131112,129817],{"class":106},[66,131114,110],{"class":102},[66,131116,113],{"class":80},[66,131118,7432],{"class":84},[66,131120,113],{"class":80},[66,131122,131],{"class":102},[66,131124,131125,131127,131129,131131],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131126,138],{"class":137},[66,131128,110],{"class":102},[66,131130,349],{"class":106},[66,131132,131],{"class":102},[20,131134,131135],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131137,131138],{},"Fixed version:",[57,131140,131142],{"className":59,"code":131141,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131143,131144,131185],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131145,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131168,131170,131172,131174,131176,131178,131181,131183],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131147,73],{"class":72},[66,131149,77],{"class":76},[66,131151,81],{"class":80},[66,131153,44668],{"class":84},[66,131155,3542],{"class":478},[66,131157,131104],{"class":478},[66,131159,89610],{"class":84},[66,131161,113],{"class":80},[66,131163,103],{"class":102},[66,131165,129817],{"class":106},[66,131167,110],{"class":102},[66,131169,113],{"class":80},[66,131171,7432],{"class":84},[66,131173,113],{"class":80},[66,131175,121],{"class":102},[66,131177,81],{"class":80},[66,131179,131180],{"class":84},"Lee",[66,131182,113],{"class":80},[66,131184,131],{"class":102},[66,131186,131187,131189,131191,131193],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131188,138],{"class":137},[66,131190,110],{"class":102},[66,131192,349],{"class":106},[66,131194,131],{"class":102},[258,131196,131198],{"id":131197},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131200,131201,131202,103],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131203,126102],{},[20,131205,131206],{},"Problem:",[57,131208,131210],{"className":59,"code":131209,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131211,131212,131246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131213,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131215,73],{"class":72},[66,131217,77],{"class":76},[66,131219,81],{"class":80},[66,131221,44668],{"class":84},[66,131223,130432],{"class":478},[66,131225,89610],{"class":84},[66,131227,113],{"class":80},[66,131229,103],{"class":102},[66,131231,129817],{"class":106},[66,131233,110],{"class":102},[66,131235,7742],{"class":8936},[66,131237,77],{"class":76},[66,131239,113],{"class":80},[66,131241,7432],{"class":84},[66,131243,113],{"class":80},[66,131245,131],{"class":102},[66,131247,131248,131250,131252,131254],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131249,138],{"class":137},[66,131251,110],{"class":102},[66,131253,349],{"class":106},[66,131255,131],{"class":102},[20,131257,131138],{},[57,131259,131261],{"className":59,"code":131260,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131262,131263,131297],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131264,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131266,73],{"class":72},[66,131268,77],{"class":76},[66,131270,81],{"class":80},[66,131272,44668],{"class":84},[66,131274,130432],{"class":478},[66,131276,89610],{"class":84},[66,131278,113],{"class":80},[66,131280,103],{"class":102},[66,131282,129817],{"class":106},[66,131284,110],{"class":102},[66,131286,7423],{"class":8936},[66,131288,77],{"class":76},[66,131290,113],{"class":80},[66,131292,7432],{"class":84},[66,131294,113],{"class":80},[66,131296,131],{"class":102},[66,131298,131299,131301,131303,131305],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131300,138],{"class":137},[66,131302,110],{"class":102},[66,131304,349],{"class":106},[66,131306,131],{"class":102},[258,131308,1119,131310,1122],{"id":131309},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131311,126102],{},[20,131313,131314,131316],{},[15,131315,126102],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131318,131206],{},[57,131320,131322],{"className":59,"code":131321,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131323,131324,131338,131356],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131325,131326,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131327,73],{"class":72},[66,131329,77],{"class":76},[66,131331,81],{"class":80},[66,131333,44668],{"class":84},[66,131335,3542],{"class":478},[66,131337,88],{"class":80},[66,131339,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131341,349],{"class":72},[66,131343,103],{"class":102},[66,131345,129817],{"class":106},[66,131347,110],{"class":102},[66,131349,113],{"class":80},[66,131351,7432],{"class":84},[66,131353,113],{"class":80},[66,131355,131],{"class":102},[66,131357,131358,131360,131362,131364],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,131359,138],{"class":137},[66,131361,110],{"class":102},[66,131363,349],{"class":106},[66,131365,131],{"class":102},[20,131367,131368],{},[398,131369,148],{},[57,131371,131373],{"className":59,"code":131372,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131374,131375],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131376,131377,131379,131381],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131378,1296],{"class":72},[66,131380,121],{"class":102},[66,131382,9600],{"class":102},[20,131384,131138],{},[57,131386,131388],{"className":59,"code":131387,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131389,131390,131404,131426],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131391,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131393,73],{"class":72},[66,131395,77],{"class":76},[66,131397,81],{"class":80},[66,131399,44668],{"class":84},[66,131401,3542],{"class":478},[66,131403,88],{"class":80},[66,131405,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131407,73],{"class":72},[66,131409,77],{"class":76},[66,131411,99],{"class":72},[66,131413,103],{"class":102},[66,131415,129817],{"class":106},[66,131417,110],{"class":102},[66,131419,113],{"class":80},[66,131421,7432],{"class":84},[66,131423,113],{"class":80},[66,131425,131],{"class":102},[66,131427,131428,131430,131432,131434],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,131429,138],{"class":137},[66,131431,110],{"class":102},[66,131433,349],{"class":106},[66,131435,131],{"class":102},[258,131437,4457,131439,131441],{"id":131438},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131440,126102],{}," returns a new string",[20,131443,131444],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[258,131446,131448],{"id":131447},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131450,131451],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131453,131454,131455,131457],{},"Use simple ",[15,131456,3542],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131459,131460,131461,103],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[200,131462,90167],{"href":90166},[52,131464,67659],{"id":67658},[20,131466,131467],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[57,131469,131471],{"className":59,"code":131470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131472,131473,131483,131497,131526],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131474,131475,131477,131479,131481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131476,138],{"class":137},[66,131478,110],{"class":102},[66,131480,349],{"class":106},[66,131482,131],{"class":102},[66,131484,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493,131495],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131486,138],{"class":137},[66,131488,110],{"class":102},[66,131490,2964],{"class":2641},[66,131492,110],{"class":102},[66,131494,2208],{"class":106},[66,131496,1330],{"class":102},[66,131498,131499,131501,131503,131505,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,131500,138],{"class":137},[66,131502,110],{"class":102},[66,131504,113],{"class":80},[66,131506,131507],{"class":84},"Hello ",[66,131509,3542],{"class":478},[66,131511,113],{"class":80},[66,131513,103],{"class":102},[66,131515,129817],{"class":106},[66,131517,110],{"class":102},[66,131519,113],{"class":80},[66,131521,7432],{"class":84},[66,131523,113],{"class":80},[66,131525,1330],{"class":102},[66,131527,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,131529,31920],{"class":137},[66,131531,110],{"class":102},[66,131533,3188],{"class":2641},[66,131535,103],{"class":102},[66,131537,129817],{"class":24515},[66,131539,131],{"class":102},[20,131541,131542],{},"Use them to check:",[33,131544,131545,131548,131551,131554],{},[36,131546,131547],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[36,131549,131550],{},"what type your value has",[36,131552,131553],{},"whether a small test example works",[36,131555,131556,131557],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131558,131559],{},"str.format",[52,131561,1518],{"id":1517},[258,131563,129599,131565,12478],{"id":131564},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131566,126102],{},[20,131568,131569],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[258,131571,131573],{"id":131572},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131575,131576,131577,131579],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131578,3542],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[258,131581,131583,131584,2228],{"id":131582},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131585,126102],{},[20,131587,131588,131589,131592],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131590,131591],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[258,131594,1610,131596,131598],{"id":131595},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131597,126102],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131600,131601,131602,131604],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131603,126102],{}," is still useful and common.",[52,131606,1620],{"id":1619},[33,131608,131609,131613,131617,131623,131629],{},[36,131610,131611],{},[200,131612,203],{"href":202},[36,131614,131615],{},[200,131616,90443],{"href":89455},[36,131618,131619],{},[200,131620,3321,131621,3254],{"href":46216},[15,131622,46219],{},[36,131624,131625],{},[200,131626,3321,131627,3254],{"href":41941},[15,131628,47451],{},[36,131630,131631],{},[200,131632,90167],{"href":90166},[1651,131634,131635],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":131637},[131638,131639,131641,131642,131643,131644,131645,131646,131648,131657,131658,131667],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":129884,"depth":91,"text":131640},"What the format() method does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":130163,"depth":91,"text":130164},{"id":130425,"depth":91,"text":130426},{"id":130656,"depth":91,"text":130657},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":130959,"depth":91,"text":131647},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":131649},[131650,131651,131652,131654,131656],{"id":131080,"depth":134,"text":131081},{"id":131197,"depth":134,"text":131198},{"id":131309,"depth":134,"text":131653},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131438,"depth":134,"text":131655},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131447,"depth":134,"text":131448},{"id":67658,"depth":91,"text":67659},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":131659},[131660,131662,131663,131665],{"id":131564,"depth":134,"text":131661},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131572,"depth":134,"text":131573},{"id":131582,"depth":134,"text":131664},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131595,"depth":134,"text":131666},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129744,"description":131668},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131675,"title":131676,"body":131677,"description":133157,"extension":1694,"meta":133158,"navigation":338,"path":133159,"seo":133160,"stem":133161,"__hash__":133162},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131678,"toc":133129},[131679,131684,131689,131694,131696,131758,131765,131771,131776,131778,131794,131796,131867,131869,131883,131886,131936,131938,131940,131967,131970,131985,131988,132029,132032,132077,132084,132133,132135,132143,132145,132163,132165,132258,132266,132307,132312,132319,132325,132332,132335,132339,132440,132442,132464,132468,132521,132524,132527,132533,132540,132542,132581,132583,132601,132611,132618,132701,132704,132711,132718,132725,132729,132737,132783,132787,132796,132861,132866,132871,132882,132884,132889,132916,132918,133021,133024,133044,133046,133051,133054,133058,133062,133069,133078,133084,133087,133093,133095,133097,133126],[10,131680,13,131682,18],{"id":131681},"python-string-index-method",[15,131683,58736],{},[20,131685,22,131686,131688],{},[15,131687,58736],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131690,131691,131692,103],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131693,40471],{},[52,131695,55],{"id":54},[57,131697,131699],{"className":59,"code":131698,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131700,131701,131713,131735,131745,131749,131753],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131702,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131704,73],{"class":72},[66,131706,77],{"class":76},[66,131708,81],{"class":80},[66,131710,1017],{"class":84},[66,131712,88],{"class":80},[66,131714,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131716,64683],{"class":72},[66,131718,77],{"class":76},[66,131720,99],{"class":72},[66,131722,103],{"class":102},[66,131724,35612],{"class":106},[66,131726,110],{"class":102},[66,131728,113],{"class":80},[66,131730,1038],{"class":84},[66,131732,113],{"class":80},[66,131734,131],{"class":102},[66,131736,131737,131739,131741,131743],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,131738,138],{"class":137},[66,131740,110],{"class":102},[66,131742,64710],{"class":106},[66,131744,131],{"class":102},[66,131746,131747],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,131748,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,131750,131751],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,131752,90584],{"class":3413},[66,131754,131755],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,131756,131757],{"class":3413},"# 6\n",[20,131759,160,131760,131762,131763,103],{},[15,131761,58736],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131764,40471],{},[52,131766,168,131768,41],{"id":131767},"what-strindex-does",[15,131769,131770],{},"str.index()",[20,131772,131773,131775],{},[15,131774,131770],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131777,178],{},[33,131779,131780,131783,131786,131789],{},[36,131781,131782],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[36,131784,131785],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[36,131787,131788],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[36,131790,30060,131791,131793],{},[15,131792,40471],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131795,923],{},[57,131797,131799],{"className":59,"code":131798,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131800,131801,131813,131817,131842],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131802,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131804,73],{"class":72},[66,131806,77],{"class":76},[66,131808,81],{"class":80},[66,131810,627],{"class":84},[66,131812,88],{"class":80},[66,131814,131815],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131816,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,131818,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,131820,138],{"class":137},[66,131822,110],{"class":102},[66,131824,349],{"class":106},[66,131826,103],{"class":102},[66,131828,35612],{"class":106},[66,131830,110],{"class":102},[66,131832,113],{"class":80},[66,131834,200],{"class":84},[66,131836,113],{"class":80},[66,131838,5117],{"class":102},[66,131840,131841],{"class":3413},"     # 1\n",[66,131843,131844,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862,131864],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,131845,138],{"class":137},[66,131847,110],{"class":102},[66,131849,349],{"class":106},[66,131851,103],{"class":102},[66,131853,35612],{"class":106},[66,131855,110],{"class":102},[66,131857,113],{"class":80},[66,131859,123205],{"class":84},[66,131861,113],{"class":80},[66,131863,5117],{"class":102},[66,131865,131866],{"class":3413},"    # 2\n",[20,131868,1912],{},[33,131870,131871,131877],{},[36,131872,131873,128309,131875],{},[15,131874,17858],{},[15,131876,2729],{},[36,131878,131879,128309,131881],{},[15,131880,128308],{},[15,131882,1788],{},[20,131884,131885],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[57,131887,131889],{"className":59,"code":131888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131890,131891,131903,131907,131931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131892,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131894,73],{"class":72},[66,131896,77],{"class":76},[66,131898,81],{"class":80},[66,131900,1296],{"class":84},[66,131902,88],{"class":80},[66,131904,131905],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,131906,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,131908,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,131910,138],{"class":137},[66,131912,110],{"class":102},[66,131914,349],{"class":106},[66,131916,103],{"class":102},[66,131918,35612],{"class":106},[66,131920,110],{"class":102},[66,131922,113],{"class":80},[66,131924,50958],{"class":84},[66,131926,113],{"class":80},[66,131928,5117],{"class":102},[66,131930,20531],{"class":3413},[66,131932,131933],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,131934,131935],{"class":3413},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[52,131937,1891],{"id":1890},[20,131939,1894],{},[57,131941,131943],{"className":59,"code":131942,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131944,131945],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131946,131947,131949,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131948,217],{"class":72},[66,131950,103],{"class":102},[66,131952,35612],{"class":106},[66,131954,110],{"class":102},[66,131956,2208],{"class":106},[66,131958,121],{"class":102},[66,131960,35818],{"class":106},[66,131962,121],{"class":102},[66,131964,64804],{"class":106},[66,131966,131],{"class":102},[20,131968,131969],{},"Parameters:",[33,131971,131972,131976,131980],{},[36,131973,131974,123304],{},[15,131975,2208],{},[36,131977,131978,128355],{},[15,131979,35839],{},[36,131981,131982,131984],{},[15,131983,52428],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131986,131987],{},"You can use just the value:",[57,131989,131991],{"className":59,"code":131990,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131992,131993,132005],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131994,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131996,73],{"class":72},[66,131998,77],{"class":76},[66,132000,81],{"class":80},[66,132002,61],{"class":84},[66,132004,88],{"class":80},[66,132006,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132008,138],{"class":137},[66,132010,110],{"class":102},[66,132012,349],{"class":106},[66,132014,103],{"class":102},[66,132016,35612],{"class":106},[66,132018,110],{"class":102},[66,132020,113],{"class":80},[66,132022,63051],{"class":84},[66,132024,113],{"class":80},[66,132026,5117],{"class":102},[66,132028,51182],{"class":3413},[20,132030,132031],{},"Or include a start position:",[57,132033,132035],{"className":59,"code":132034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132036,132037,132049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132038,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132040,73],{"class":72},[66,132042,77],{"class":76},[66,132044,81],{"class":80},[66,132046,627],{"class":84},[66,132048,88],{"class":80},[66,132050,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132052,138],{"class":137},[66,132054,110],{"class":102},[66,132056,349],{"class":106},[66,132058,103],{"class":102},[66,132060,35612],{"class":106},[66,132062,110],{"class":102},[66,132064,113],{"class":80},[66,132066,200],{"class":84},[66,132068,113],{"class":80},[66,132070,121],{"class":102},[66,132072,561],{"class":478},[66,132074,5117],{"class":102},[66,132076,50538],{"class":3413},[20,132078,132079,132080,798,132082,1111],{},"Or include both ",[15,132081,35839],{},[15,132083,52428],{},[57,132085,132087],{"className":59,"code":132086,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132088,132089,132101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132090,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132092,73],{"class":72},[66,132094,77],{"class":76},[66,132096,81],{"class":80},[66,132098,627],{"class":84},[66,132100,88],{"class":80},[66,132102,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132104,138],{"class":137},[66,132106,110],{"class":102},[66,132108,349],{"class":106},[66,132110,103],{"class":102},[66,132112,35612],{"class":106},[66,132114,110],{"class":102},[66,132116,113],{"class":80},[66,132118,200],{"class":84},[66,132120,113],{"class":80},[66,132122,121],{"class":102},[66,132124,561],{"class":478},[66,132126,121],{"class":102},[66,132128,4357],{"class":478},[66,132130,5117],{"class":102},[66,132132,50538],{"class":3413},[52,132134,37786],{"id":37785},[20,132136,28474,132137,132139,132140,103],{},[15,132138,58736],{}," is a ",[398,132141,132142],{},"zero-based index",[20,132144,1839],{},[33,132146,132147,132153,132158],{},[36,132148,132149,132150,132152],{},"Index ",[15,132151,1852],{}," is the first character",[36,132154,132149,132155,132157],{},[15,132156,2729],{}," is the second character",[36,132159,132149,132160,132162],{},[15,132161,1788],{}," is the third character",[20,132164,923],{},[57,132166,132168],{"className":59,"code":132167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132169,132170,132182,132186,132210,132234],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132171,132172,132174,132176,132178,132180],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132173,73],{"class":72},[66,132175,77],{"class":76},[66,132177,81],{"class":80},[66,132179,462],{"class":84},[66,132181,88],{"class":80},[66,132183,132184],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132185,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,132187,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,132189,138],{"class":137},[66,132191,110],{"class":102},[66,132193,349],{"class":106},[66,132195,103],{"class":102},[66,132197,35612],{"class":106},[66,132199,110],{"class":102},[66,132201,113],{"class":80},[66,132203,9501],{"class":84},[66,132205,113],{"class":80},[66,132207,5117],{"class":102},[66,132209,51014],{"class":3413},[66,132211,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,132213,138],{"class":137},[66,132215,110],{"class":102},[66,132217,349],{"class":106},[66,132219,103],{"class":102},[66,132221,35612],{"class":106},[66,132223,110],{"class":102},[66,132225,113],{"class":80},[66,132227,200],{"class":84},[66,132229,113],{"class":80},[66,132231,5117],{"class":102},[66,132233,27545],{"class":3413},[66,132235,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,132237,138],{"class":137},[66,132239,110],{"class":102},[66,132241,349],{"class":106},[66,132243,103],{"class":102},[66,132245,35612],{"class":106},[66,132247,110],{"class":102},[66,132249,113],{"class":80},[66,132251,63051],{"class":84},[66,132253,113],{"class":80},[66,132255,5117],{"class":102},[66,132257,51182],{"class":3413},[20,132259,132260,132262,132263,132265],{},[15,132261,58736],{}," returns only the ",[398,132264,29675],{}," matching position.",[57,132267,132269],{"className":59,"code":132268,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132270,132271,132283],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132272,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132274,73],{"class":72},[66,132276,77],{"class":76},[66,132278,81],{"class":80},[66,132280,627],{"class":84},[66,132282,88],{"class":80},[66,132284,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132286,138],{"class":137},[66,132288,110],{"class":102},[66,132290,349],{"class":106},[66,132292,103],{"class":102},[66,132294,35612],{"class":106},[66,132296,110],{"class":102},[66,132298,113],{"class":80},[66,132300,200],{"class":84},[66,132302,113],{"class":80},[66,132304,5117],{"class":102},[66,132306,27545],{"class":3413},[20,132308,20741,132309,132311],{},[15,132310,17858],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132313,132314,132315,103],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[200,132316,132317,774],{"href":124552},[15,132318,58358],{},[52,132320,8176,132321,798,132323],{"id":65170},[15,132322,35839],{},[15,132324,52428],{},[20,132326,1711,132327,798,132329,132331],{},[15,132328,35839],{},[15,132330,52428],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132333,132334],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132336,45807,132337,1111],{},[15,132338,35839],{},[57,132340,132342],{"className":59,"code":132341,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132343,132344,132356,132360,132384,132412],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132345,132346,132348,132350,132352,132354],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132347,73],{"class":72},[66,132349,77],{"class":76},[66,132351,81],{"class":80},[66,132353,627],{"class":84},[66,132355,88],{"class":80},[66,132357,132358],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132359,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,132361,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,132363,138],{"class":137},[66,132365,110],{"class":102},[66,132367,349],{"class":106},[66,132369,103],{"class":102},[66,132371,35612],{"class":106},[66,132373,110],{"class":102},[66,132375,113],{"class":80},[66,132377,200],{"class":84},[66,132379,113],{"class":80},[66,132381,5117],{"class":102},[66,132383,50887],{"class":3413},[66,132385,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,132387,138],{"class":137},[66,132389,110],{"class":102},[66,132391,349],{"class":106},[66,132393,103],{"class":102},[66,132395,35612],{"class":106},[66,132397,110],{"class":102},[66,132399,113],{"class":80},[66,132401,200],{"class":84},[66,132403,113],{"class":80},[66,132405,121],{"class":102},[66,132407,561],{"class":478},[66,132409,5117],{"class":102},[66,132411,50737],{"class":3413},[66,132413,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,132415,138],{"class":137},[66,132417,110],{"class":102},[66,132419,349],{"class":106},[66,132421,103],{"class":102},[66,132423,35612],{"class":106},[66,132425,110],{"class":102},[66,132427,113],{"class":80},[66,132429,200],{"class":84},[66,132431,113],{"class":80},[66,132433,121],{"class":102},[66,132435,2192],{"class":478},[66,132437,5117],{"class":102},[66,132439,50521],{"class":3413},[20,132441,19720],{},[33,132443,132444,132451,132457],{},[36,132445,132446,132447,65360,132449],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132448,17858],{},[15,132450,2729],{},[36,132452,132453,132454,132456],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132455,1788],{}," skips that first match",[36,132458,132453,132459,132461,132462],{},[15,132460,2241],{}," finds the last ",[15,132463,17858],{},[20,132465,45807,132466,1111],{},[15,132467,52428],{},[57,132469,132471],{"className":59,"code":132470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132472,132473,132485,132489],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132474,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132476,73],{"class":72},[66,132478,77],{"class":76},[66,132480,81],{"class":80},[66,132482,627],{"class":84},[66,132484,88],{"class":80},[66,132486,132487],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132488,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,132490,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,132492,138],{"class":137},[66,132494,110],{"class":102},[66,132496,349],{"class":106},[66,132498,103],{"class":102},[66,132500,35612],{"class":106},[66,132502,110],{"class":102},[66,132504,113],{"class":80},[66,132506,75794],{"class":84},[66,132508,113],{"class":80},[66,132510,121],{"class":102},[66,132512,3584],{"class":478},[66,132514,121],{"class":102},[66,132516,2192],{"class":478},[66,132518,5117],{"class":102},[66,132520,51182],{"class":3413},[20,132522,132523],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132525,132526],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[52,132528,43979,132530,132532],{"id":132529},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132531,58736],{}," causes an error",[20,132534,132535,132536,52262,132538,103],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132537,58736],{},[15,132539,40471],{},[20,132541,923],{},[57,132543,132545],{"className":59,"code":132544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132546,132547,132559],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132548,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132550,73],{"class":72},[66,132552,77],{"class":76},[66,132554,81],{"class":80},[66,132556,939],{"class":84},[66,132558,88],{"class":80},[66,132560,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132562,138],{"class":137},[66,132564,110],{"class":102},[66,132566,349],{"class":106},[66,132568,103],{"class":102},[66,132570,35612],{"class":106},[66,132572,110],{"class":102},[66,132574,113],{"class":80},[66,132576,21841],{"class":84},[66,132578,113],{"class":80},[66,132580,1330],{"class":102},[20,132582,148],{},[57,132584,132586],{"className":59,"code":132585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132587,132588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132589,132590,132592,132594,132597,132599],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132591,40471],{"class":2641},[66,132593,1111],{"class":102},[66,132595,132596],{"class":72}," substring ",[66,132598,4383],{"class":76},[66,132600,65593],{"class":72},[20,132602,53109,132603,126066,132608,132610],{},[200,132604,132605],{"href":129738},[15,132606,132607],{},"str.find()",[15,132609,65618],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132612,132613,132614,798,132616,1111],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132615,29570],{},[15,132617,29601],{},[57,132619,132621],{"className":59,"code":132620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132622,132623,132635,132639,132645,132668,132678,132686],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132624,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132626,73],{"class":72},[66,132628,77],{"class":76},[66,132630,81],{"class":80},[66,132632,939],{"class":84},[66,132634,88],{"class":80},[66,132636,132637],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132638,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,132640,132641,132643],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,132642,29570],{"class":3627},[66,132644,6146],{"class":102},[66,132646,132647,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,132648,132649],{"class":72},"    position ",[66,132651,77],{"class":76},[66,132653,99],{"class":72},[66,132655,103],{"class":102},[66,132657,35612],{"class":106},[66,132659,110],{"class":102},[66,132661,113],{"class":80},[66,132663,21841],{"class":84},[66,132665,113],{"class":80},[66,132667,131],{"class":102},[66,132669,132670,132672,132674,132676],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,132671,7826],{"class":137},[66,132673,110],{"class":102},[66,132675,64710],{"class":106},[66,132677,131],{"class":102},[66,132679,132680,132682,132684],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,132681,29601],{"class":3627},[66,132683,41692],{"class":2641},[66,132685,6146],{"class":102},[66,132687,132688,132690,132692,132694,132697,132699],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,132689,7826],{"class":137},[66,132691,110],{"class":102},[66,132693,113],{"class":80},[66,132695,132696],{"class":84},"Substring not found",[66,132698,113],{"class":80},[66,132700,131],{"class":102},[20,132702,132703],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132705,41712,132706,103],{},[200,132707,25445,132709],{"href":132708},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132710,129066],{},[52,132712,132714,10348,132716],{"id":132713},"index-vs-find",[15,132715,58736],{},[15,132717,124102],{},[20,132719,132720,798,132722,132724],{},[15,132721,58736],{},[15,132723,124102],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[258,132726,132727],{"id":35612},[15,132728,58736],{},[33,132730,132731,132734],{},[36,132732,132733],{},"Returns the first match position",[36,132735,132736],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[57,132738,132740],{"className":59,"code":132739,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132741,132742,132754,132778],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132743,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132745,73],{"class":72},[66,132747,77],{"class":76},[66,132749,81],{"class":80},[66,132751,939],{"class":84},[66,132753,88],{"class":80},[66,132755,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132757,138],{"class":137},[66,132759,110],{"class":102},[66,132761,349],{"class":106},[66,132763,103],{"class":102},[66,132765,35612],{"class":106},[66,132767,110],{"class":102},[66,132769,113],{"class":80},[66,132771,60215],{"class":84},[66,132773,113],{"class":80},[66,132775,5117],{"class":102},[66,132777,27545],{"class":3413},[66,132779,132780],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,132781,132782],{"class":3413},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[258,132784,132785],{"id":128121},[15,132786,124102],{},[33,132788,132789,132791],{},[36,132790,132733],{},[36,132792,11186,132793,132795],{},[15,132794,65618],{}," if nothing is found",[57,132797,132799],{"className":59,"code":132798,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132800,132801,132813,132837],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132802,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132804,73],{"class":72},[66,132806,77],{"class":76},[66,132808,81],{"class":80},[66,132810,939],{"class":84},[66,132812,88],{"class":80},[66,132814,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132816,138],{"class":137},[66,132818,110],{"class":102},[66,132820,349],{"class":106},[66,132822,103],{"class":102},[66,132824,128121],{"class":106},[66,132826,110],{"class":102},[66,132828,113],{"class":80},[66,132830,60215],{"class":84},[66,132832,113],{"class":80},[66,132834,5117],{"class":102},[66,132836,27545],{"class":3413},[66,132838,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,132840,138],{"class":137},[66,132842,110],{"class":102},[66,132844,349],{"class":106},[66,132846,103],{"class":102},[66,132848,128121],{"class":106},[66,132850,110],{"class":102},[66,132852,113],{"class":80},[66,132854,21841],{"class":84},[66,132856,113],{"class":80},[66,132858,5117],{"class":102},[66,132860,128477],{"class":3413},[20,132862,160,132863,132865],{},[15,132864,58736],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132867,160,132868,132870],{},[15,132869,124102],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132872,132873,132874,2617,132879,103],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[200,132875,132876,132878],{"href":129738},[15,132877,132607],{}," method reference",[200,132880,127135],{"href":132881},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[52,132883,2568],{"id":2567},[20,132885,132886,132887,1111],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132888,58736],{},[33,132890,132891,132894,132901,132906,132911],{},[36,132892,132893],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[36,132895,1119,132896,8214,132898,132900],{},[15,132897,58736],{},[15,132899,65618],{}," when no match exists",[36,132902,8176,132903,132905],{},[15,132904,58736],{}," on a value that may not be present",[36,132907,132908,132909],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132910,2729],{},[36,132912,4331,132913,132915],{},[15,132914,58736],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132917,62059],{},[57,132919,132921],{"className":59,"code":132920,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132922,132923,132933,132947,132969,132991],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132924,132925,132927,132929,132931],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132926,138],{"class":137},[66,132928,110],{"class":102},[66,132930,349],{"class":106},[66,132932,131],{"class":102},[66,132934,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,132936,138],{"class":137},[66,132938,110],{"class":102},[66,132940,41545],{"class":137},[66,132942,110],{"class":102},[66,132944,349],{"class":106},[66,132946,1330],{"class":102},[66,132948,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,132950,138],{"class":137},[66,132952,110],{"class":102},[66,132954,349],{"class":106},[66,132956,103],{"class":102},[66,132958,35612],{"class":106},[66,132960,110],{"class":102},[66,132962,113],{"class":80},[66,132964,2208],{"class":84},[66,132966,113],{"class":80},[66,132968,1330],{"class":102},[66,132970,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,132972,138],{"class":137},[66,132974,110],{"class":102},[66,132976,349],{"class":106},[66,132978,103],{"class":102},[66,132980,128121],{"class":106},[66,132982,110],{"class":102},[66,132984,113],{"class":80},[66,132986,2208],{"class":84},[66,132988,113],{"class":80},[66,132990,1330],{"class":102},[66,132992,132993,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,132994,138],{"class":137},[66,132996,110],{"class":102},[66,132998,349],{"class":106},[66,133000,103],{"class":102},[66,133002,35612],{"class":106},[66,133004,110],{"class":102},[66,133006,113],{"class":80},[66,133008,2208],{"class":84},[66,133010,113],{"class":80},[66,133012,121],{"class":102},[66,133014,35818],{"class":106},[66,133016,121],{"class":102},[66,133018,64804],{"class":106},[66,133020,1330],{"class":102},[20,133022,133023],{},"Tips:",[33,133025,133026,133031,133036,133039],{},[36,133027,160,133028,133030],{},[15,133029,126022],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[36,133032,160,133033,133035],{},[15,133034,124102],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[36,133037,133038],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,133040,133041,133042],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133043,1852],{},[52,133045,1518],{"id":1517},[258,133047,129599,133049,12478],{"id":133048},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133050,58736],{},[20,133052,133053],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[258,133055,133057],{"id":133056},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133059,76622,133060,103],{},[15,133061,40471],{},[258,133063,4934,133065,798,133067,2228],{"id":133064},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133066,58736],{},[15,133068,124102],{},[20,133070,133071,133073,133074,2131,133076,6385],{},[15,133072,58736],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133075,124102],{},[15,133077,65618],{},[258,133079,1573,133081,133083],{"id":133080},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133082,58736],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133085,133086],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[258,133088,133090,133091,1613],{"id":133089},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133092,58736],{},[20,133094,1616],{},[52,133096,1620],{"id":1619},[33,133098,133099,133105,133109,133114,133120],{},[36,133100,133101],{},[200,133102,133103,774],{"href":129738},[15,133104,132607],{},[36,133106,133107],{},[200,133108,124502],{"href":132881},[36,133110,133111],{},[200,133112,129699],{"href":133113},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[36,133115,133116],{},[200,133117,133118,774],{"href":124552},[15,133119,58358],{},[36,133121,133122],{},[200,133123,30114,133124],{"href":132708},[15,133125,129066],{},[1651,133127,133128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":133130},[133131,133132,133134,133135,133136,133137,133139,133144,133145,133156],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":131767,"depth":91,"text":133133},"What str.index() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":37785,"depth":91,"text":37786},{"id":65170,"depth":91,"text":65953},{"id":132529,"depth":91,"text":133138},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132713,"depth":91,"text":133140,"children":133141},"index() vs find()",[133142,133143],{"id":35612,"depth":134,"text":58736},{"id":128121,"depth":134,"text":124102},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":133146},[133147,133149,133150,133152,133154],{"id":133048,"depth":134,"text":133148},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133056,"depth":134,"text":133057},{"id":133064,"depth":134,"text":133151},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133080,"depth":134,"text":133153},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133089,"depth":134,"text":133155},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131676,"description":133157},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133164,"title":133165,"body":133166,"description":135940,"extension":1694,"meta":135941,"navigation":338,"path":135942,"seo":135943,"stem":135944,"__hash__":135945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133167,"toc":135876},[133168,133174,133179,133182,133185,133196,133198,133267,133269,133283,133288,133293,133298,133300,133342,133344,133427,133429,133475,133481,133483,133485,133505,133507,133530,133532,133606,133608,133627,133632,133634,133638,133710,133712,133726,133730,133806,133808,133827,133831,133925,133927,133936,133943,134019,134021,134039,134043,134046,134053,134102,134104,134113,134120,134179,134181,134199,134202,134209,134268,134270,134288,134295,134352,134354,134363,134367,134372,134376,134435,134437,134455,134459,134506,134511,134514,134583,134585,134602,134609,134615,134670,134675,134678,134755,134757,134775,134781,134787,134847,134849,134868,134874,134877,134884,134937,134942,134944,135005,135014,135021,135023,135080,135085,135087,135158,135162,135217,135219,135228,135233,135239,135308,135310,135342,135348,135356,135363,135369,135434,135436,135445,135451,135532,135534,135543,135548,135562,135569,135573,135578,135606,135608,135741,135744,135781,135783,135789,135798,135803,135806,135811,135816,135822,135825,135834,135837,135839,135868,135873],[10,133169,13,133171,18],{"id":133170},"python-string-join-method",[15,133172,133173],{},"join()",[20,133175,22,133176,133178],{},[15,133177,133173],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133180,133181],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133183,133184],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[33,133186,133187,133193],{},[36,133188,133189,133190,133192],{},"You call ",[15,133191,133173],{}," on the separator string",[36,133194,133195],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[52,133197,3355],{"id":3354},[57,133199,133201],{"className":59,"code":133200,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133202,133203,133236,133257],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133204,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133232,133234],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133206,3823],{"class":72},[66,133208,77],{"class":76},[66,133210,3370],{"class":102},[66,133212,113],{"class":80},[66,133214,1047],{"class":84},[66,133216,113],{"class":80},[66,133218,121],{"class":102},[66,133220,81],{"class":80},[66,133222,11956],{"class":84},[66,133224,113],{"class":80},[66,133226,121],{"class":102},[66,133228,81],{"class":80},[66,133230,133231],{"class":84},"fun",[66,133233,113],{"class":80},[66,133235,3383],{"class":102},[66,133237,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133251,133253,133255],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133239,447],{"class":72},[66,133241,77],{"class":76},[66,133243,81],{"class":80},[66,133245,81],{"class":80},[66,133247,103],{"class":102},[66,133249,133250],{"class":106},"join",[66,133252,110],{"class":102},[66,133254,3866],{"class":106},[66,133256,131],{"class":102},[66,133258,133259,133261,133263,133265],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,133260,138],{"class":137},[66,133262,110],{"class":102},[66,133264,494],{"class":106},[66,133266,131],{"class":102},[20,133268,148],{},[57,133270,133272],{"className":59,"code":133271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python is fun\n",[15,133273,133274],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133275,133276,133278,133280],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133277,3321],{"class":72},[66,133279,11956],{"class":76},[66,133281,133282],{"class":72}," fun\n",[20,133284,160,133285,133287],{},[15,133286,133173],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[52,133289,168,133291,41],{"id":133290},"what-join-does",[15,133292,133173],{},[20,133294,133295,133297],{},[15,133296,133173],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133299,11221],{},[33,133301,133302,133309,133337,133339],{},[36,133303,133304,133305,133308],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133306,133307],{},".join()"," as the separator",[36,133310,133311,133312],{},"Common separators are:\n",[33,133313,133314,133320,133326,133332],{},[36,133315,133316,133319],{},[15,133317,133318],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[36,133321,133322,133325],{},[15,133323,133324],{},"\", \""," for commas",[36,133327,133328,133331],{},[15,133329,133330],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[36,133333,133334,133336],{},[15,133335,6024],{}," for no separator",[36,133338,183],{},[36,133340,133341],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133343,923],{},[57,133345,133347],{"className":59,"code":133346,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133348,133349,133381,133403,133407,133417],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133350,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133352,3823],{"class":72},[66,133354,77],{"class":76},[66,133356,3370],{"class":102},[66,133358,113],{"class":80},[66,133360,1392],{"class":84},[66,133362,113],{"class":80},[66,133364,121],{"class":102},[66,133366,81],{"class":80},[66,133368,17217],{"class":84},[66,133370,113],{"class":80},[66,133372,121],{"class":102},[66,133374,81],{"class":80},[66,133376,1401],{"class":84},[66,133378,113],{"class":80},[66,133380,3383],{"class":102},[66,133382,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133384,447],{"class":72},[66,133386,77],{"class":76},[66,133388,81],{"class":80},[66,133390,1923],{"class":84},[66,133392,113],{"class":80},[66,133394,103],{"class":102},[66,133396,133250],{"class":106},[66,133398,110],{"class":102},[66,133400,3866],{"class":106},[66,133402,131],{"class":102},[66,133404,133405],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,133406,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,133408,133409,133411,133413,133415],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,133410,138],{"class":137},[66,133412,110],{"class":102},[66,133414,494],{"class":106},[66,133416,131],{"class":102},[66,133418,133419,133421,133423,133425],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,133420,138],{"class":137},[66,133422,110],{"class":102},[66,133424,3866],{"class":106},[66,133426,131],{"class":102},[20,133428,148],{},[57,133430,133432],{"className":59,"code":133431,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133433,133434,133447],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133435,133436,133438,133440,133443,133445],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133437,1392],{"class":72},[66,133439,121],{"class":102},[66,133441,133442],{"class":72}," green",[66,133444,121],{"class":102},[66,133446,35647],{"class":72},[66,133448,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133450,3652],{"class":102},[66,133452,3044],{"class":80},[66,133454,1392],{"class":84},[66,133456,3044],{"class":80},[66,133458,121],{"class":102},[66,133460,3039],{"class":80},[66,133462,17217],{"class":84},[66,133464,3044],{"class":80},[66,133466,121],{"class":102},[66,133468,3039],{"class":80},[66,133470,1401],{"class":84},[66,133472,3044],{"class":80},[66,133474,3383],{"class":102},[20,133476,133477,133478,133480],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133479,133173],{}," creates a new string.",[52,133482,1891],{"id":1890},[20,133484,6973],{},[57,133486,133488],{"className":59,"code":133487,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133489,133490],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133491,133492,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133493,133494],{"class":72},"separator",[66,133496,103],{"class":102},[66,133498,133250],{"class":106},[66,133500,110],{"class":102},[66,133502,3470],{"class":106},[66,133504,131],{"class":102},[258,133506,48778],{"id":48777},[33,133508,133509,133522,133527],{},[36,133510,133511,133513,133514,1923,133516,1923,133518,1927,133520],{},[15,133512,133494],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133515,133318],{},[15,133517,133324],{},[15,133519,133330],{},[15,133521,6024],{},[36,133523,133524,133526],{},[15,133525,3470],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[36,133528,133529],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133531,923],{},[57,133533,133535],{"className":59,"code":133534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133536,133537,133569,133592,133596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133538,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133540,4749],{"class":72},[66,133542,77],{"class":76},[66,133544,3370],{"class":102},[66,133546,113],{"class":80},[66,133548,12643],{"class":84},[66,133550,113],{"class":80},[66,133552,121],{"class":102},[66,133554,81],{"class":80},[66,133556,35707],{"class":84},[66,133558,113],{"class":80},[66,133560,121],{"class":102},[66,133562,81],{"class":80},[66,133564,35716],{"class":84},[66,133566,113],{"class":80},[66,133568,3383],{"class":102},[66,133570,133571,133573,133575,133577,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133572,447],{"class":72},[66,133574,77],{"class":76},[66,133576,81],{"class":80},[66,133578,133579],{"class":84}," | ",[66,133581,113],{"class":80},[66,133583,103],{"class":102},[66,133585,133250],{"class":106},[66,133587,110],{"class":102},[66,133589,4793],{"class":106},[66,133591,131],{"class":102},[66,133593,133594],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,133595,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,133597,133598,133600,133602,133604],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,133599,138],{"class":137},[66,133601,110],{"class":102},[66,133603,494],{"class":106},[66,133605,131],{"class":102},[20,133607,148],{},[57,133609,133611],{"className":59,"code":133610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133612,133613],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133614,133615,133618,133620,133623,133625],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133616,133617],{"class":72},"Ana ",[66,133619,113621],{"class":76},[66,133621,133622],{"class":72}," Ben ",[66,133624,113621],{"class":76},[66,133626,35788],{"class":72},[20,133628,133629,133630,103],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[200,133631,203],{"href":202},[52,133633,121645],{"id":121644},[258,133635,133637],{"id":133636},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[57,133639,133641],{"className":59,"code":133640,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133642,133643,133676,133696,133700],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133644,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133672,133674],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133646,3823],{"class":72},[66,133648,77],{"class":76},[66,133650,3370],{"class":102},[66,133652,113],{"class":80},[66,133654,1047],{"class":84},[66,133656,113],{"class":80},[66,133658,121],{"class":102},[66,133660,81],{"class":80},[66,133662,11956],{"class":84},[66,133664,113],{"class":80},[66,133666,121],{"class":102},[66,133668,81],{"class":80},[66,133670,133671],{"class":84},"easy",[66,133673,113],{"class":80},[66,133675,3383],{"class":102},[66,133677,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133679,447],{"class":72},[66,133681,77],{"class":76},[66,133683,81],{"class":80},[66,133685,81],{"class":80},[66,133687,103],{"class":102},[66,133689,133250],{"class":106},[66,133691,110],{"class":102},[66,133693,3866],{"class":106},[66,133695,131],{"class":102},[66,133697,133698],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,133699,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,133701,133702,133704,133706,133708],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,133703,138],{"class":137},[66,133705,110],{"class":102},[66,133707,494],{"class":106},[66,133709,131],{"class":102},[20,133711,148],{},[57,133713,133715],{"className":59,"code":133714,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python is easy\n",[15,133716,133717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133718,133719,133721,133723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133720,3321],{"class":72},[66,133722,11956],{"class":76},[66,133724,133725],{"class":72}," easy\n",[258,133727,133729],{"id":133728},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[57,133731,133733],{"className":59,"code":133732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133734,133735,133770,133792,133796],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133736,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133748,133750,133752,133754,133757,133759,133761,133763,133766,133768],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133738,7535],{"class":72},[66,133740,77],{"class":76},[66,133742,3370],{"class":102},[66,133744,113],{"class":80},[66,133746,133747],{"class":84},"apples",[66,133749,113],{"class":80},[66,133751,121],{"class":102},[66,133753,81],{"class":80},[66,133755,133756],{"class":84},"bananas",[66,133758,113],{"class":80},[66,133760,121],{"class":102},[66,133762,81],{"class":80},[66,133764,133765],{"class":84},"oranges",[66,133767,113],{"class":80},[66,133769,3383],{"class":102},[66,133771,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133773,447],{"class":72},[66,133775,77],{"class":76},[66,133777,81],{"class":80},[66,133779,1923],{"class":84},[66,133781,113],{"class":80},[66,133783,103],{"class":102},[66,133785,133250],{"class":106},[66,133787,110],{"class":102},[66,133789,7566],{"class":106},[66,133791,131],{"class":102},[66,133793,133794],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,133795,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,133797,133798,133800,133802,133804],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,133799,138],{"class":137},[66,133801,110],{"class":102},[66,133803,494],{"class":106},[66,133805,131],{"class":102},[20,133807,148],{},[57,133809,133811],{"className":59,"code":133810,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133812,133813],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133814,133815,133817,133819,133822,133824],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133816,133747],{"class":72},[66,133818,121],{"class":102},[66,133820,133821],{"class":72}," bananas",[66,133823,121],{"class":102},[66,133825,133826],{"class":72}," oranges\n",[258,133828,133830],{"id":133829},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[57,133832,133834],{"className":59,"code":133833,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133835,133836,133893,133911,133915],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133837,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133839,35857],{"class":72},[66,133841,77],{"class":76},[66,133843,3370],{"class":102},[66,133845,113],{"class":80},[66,133847,133848],{"class":84},"P",[66,133850,113],{"class":80},[66,133852,121],{"class":102},[66,133854,81],{"class":80},[66,133856,969],{"class":84},[66,133858,113],{"class":80},[66,133860,121],{"class":102},[66,133862,81],{"class":80},[66,133864,63051],{"class":84},[66,133866,113],{"class":80},[66,133868,121],{"class":102},[66,133870,81],{"class":80},[66,133872,60206],{"class":84},[66,133874,113],{"class":80},[66,133876,121],{"class":102},[66,133878,81],{"class":80},[66,133880,656],{"class":84},[66,133882,113],{"class":80},[66,133884,121],{"class":102},[66,133886,81],{"class":80},[66,133888,75794],{"class":84},[66,133890,113],{"class":80},[66,133892,3383],{"class":102},[66,133894,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133896,447],{"class":72},[66,133898,77],{"class":76},[66,133900,733],{"class":80},[66,133902,103],{"class":102},[66,133904,133250],{"class":106},[66,133906,110],{"class":102},[66,133908,35910],{"class":106},[66,133910,131],{"class":102},[66,133912,133913],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,133914,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,133916,133917,133919,133921,133923],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,133918,138],{"class":137},[66,133920,110],{"class":102},[66,133922,494],{"class":106},[66,133924,131],{"class":102},[20,133926,148],{},[57,133928,133930],{"className":59,"code":133929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python\n",[15,133931,133932],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133933,133934],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133935,133929],{"class":72},[258,133937,133939,133940,133942],{"id":133938},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133941,133173],{}," returns the result",[57,133944,133946],{"className":59,"code":133945,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133947,133948,133981,134004,134008],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133949,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133977,133979],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133951,3823],{"class":72},[66,133953,77],{"class":76},[66,133955,3370],{"class":102},[66,133957,113],{"class":80},[66,133959,6339],{"class":84},[66,133961,113],{"class":80},[66,133963,121],{"class":102},[66,133965,81],{"class":80},[66,133967,79035],{"class":84},[66,133969,113],{"class":80},[66,133971,121],{"class":102},[66,133973,81],{"class":80},[66,133975,133976],{"class":84},"three",[66,133978,113],{"class":80},[66,133980,3383],{"class":102},[66,133982,133983,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,133984,133985],{"class":72},"joined_text ",[66,133987,77],{"class":76},[66,133989,81],{"class":80},[66,133991,1753],{"class":84},[66,133993,113],{"class":80},[66,133995,103],{"class":102},[66,133997,133250],{"class":106},[66,133999,110],{"class":102},[66,134001,3866],{"class":106},[66,134003,131],{"class":102},[66,134005,134006],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,134007,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,134009,134010,134012,134014,134017],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,134011,138],{"class":137},[66,134013,110],{"class":102},[66,134015,134016],{"class":106},"joined_text",[66,134018,131],{"class":102},[20,134020,148],{},[57,134022,134024],{"className":59,"code":134023,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"one-two-three\n",[15,134025,134026],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134027,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134029,6339],{"class":72},[66,134031,1753],{"class":76},[66,134033,79035],{"class":72},[66,134035,1753],{"class":76},[66,134037,134038],{"class":72},"three\n",[52,134040,134042],{"id":134041},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134044,134045],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[258,134047,134049,134052],{"id":134048},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134050,134051],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[57,134054,134056],{"className":59,"code":134055,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134057,134058,134082],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134059,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134061,3823],{"class":72},[66,134063,77],{"class":76},[66,134065,3370],{"class":102},[66,134067,113],{"class":80},[66,134069,939],{"class":84},[66,134071,113],{"class":80},[66,134073,121],{"class":102},[66,134075,81],{"class":80},[66,134077,1038],{"class":84},[66,134079,113],{"class":80},[66,134081,3383],{"class":102},[66,134083,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134085,138],{"class":137},[66,134087,110],{"class":102},[66,134089,113],{"class":80},[66,134091,81],{"class":80},[66,134093,103],{"class":102},[66,134095,133250],{"class":106},[66,134097,110],{"class":102},[66,134099,3866],{"class":106},[66,134101,1330],{"class":102},[20,134103,148],{},[57,134105,134107],{"className":59,"code":134106,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello world\n",[15,134108,134109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134110,134111],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134112,134106],{"class":72},[258,134114,134116,134119],{"id":134115},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134117,134118],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[57,134121,134123],{"className":59,"code":134122,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134124,134125,134157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134126,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134128,12838],{"class":72},[66,134130,77],{"class":76},[66,134132,3370],{"class":102},[66,134134,113],{"class":80},[66,134136,1392],{"class":84},[66,134138,113],{"class":80},[66,134140,121],{"class":102},[66,134142,81],{"class":80},[66,134144,1401],{"class":84},[66,134146,113],{"class":80},[66,134148,121],{"class":102},[66,134150,81],{"class":80},[66,134152,17217],{"class":84},[66,134154,113],{"class":80},[66,134156,3383],{"class":102},[66,134158,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134160,138],{"class":137},[66,134162,110],{"class":102},[66,134164,113],{"class":80},[66,134166,1923],{"class":84},[66,134168,113],{"class":80},[66,134170,103],{"class":102},[66,134172,133250],{"class":106},[66,134174,110],{"class":102},[66,134176,17264],{"class":106},[66,134178,1330],{"class":102},[20,134180,148],{},[57,134182,134184],{"className":59,"code":134183,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134185,134186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134187,134188,134190,134192,134195,134197],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134189,1392],{"class":72},[66,134191,121],{"class":102},[66,134193,134194],{"class":72}," blue",[66,134196,121],{"class":102},[66,134198,35640],{"class":72},[20,134200,134201],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[258,134203,134205,134208],{"id":134204},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134206,134207],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[57,134210,134212],{"className":59,"code":134211,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134213,134214,134246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134215,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134217,42603],{"class":72},[66,134219,77],{"class":76},[66,134221,3370],{"class":102},[66,134223,113],{"class":80},[66,134225,61],{"class":84},[66,134227,113],{"class":80},[66,134229,121],{"class":102},[66,134231,81],{"class":80},[66,134233,217],{"class":84},[66,134235,113],{"class":80},[66,134237,121],{"class":102},[66,134239,81],{"class":80},[66,134241,133250],{"class":84},[66,134243,113],{"class":80},[66,134245,3383],{"class":102},[66,134247,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134249,138],{"class":137},[66,134251,110],{"class":102},[66,134253,113],{"class":80},[66,134255,1753],{"class":84},[66,134257,113],{"class":80},[66,134259,103],{"class":102},[66,134261,133250],{"class":106},[66,134263,110],{"class":102},[66,134265,42634],{"class":106},[66,134267,1330],{"class":102},[20,134269,148],{},[57,134271,134273],{"className":59,"code":134272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"python-string-join\n",[15,134274,134275],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134276,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134278,61],{"class":72},[66,134280,1753],{"class":76},[66,134282,217],{"class":72},[66,134284,1753],{"class":76},[66,134286,134287],{"class":72},"join\n",[258,134289,134291,134294],{"id":134290},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134292,134293],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[57,134296,134298],{"className":59,"code":134297,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134299,134300,134333],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134301,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134329,134331],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134303,112694],{"class":72},[66,134305,77],{"class":76},[66,134307,3370],{"class":102},[66,134309,113],{"class":80},[66,134311,22009],{"class":84},[66,134313,113],{"class":80},[66,134315,121],{"class":102},[66,134317,81],{"class":80},[66,134319,30367],{"class":84},[66,134321,113],{"class":80},[66,134323,121],{"class":102},[66,134325,81],{"class":80},[66,134327,134328],{"class":84},"C",[66,134330,113],{"class":80},[66,134332,3383],{"class":102},[66,134334,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134350],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134336,138],{"class":137},[66,134338,110],{"class":102},[66,134340,6024],{"class":80},[66,134342,103],{"class":102},[66,134344,133250],{"class":106},[66,134346,110],{"class":102},[66,134348,134349],{"class":106},"chars",[66,134351,1330],{"class":102},[20,134353,148],{},[57,134355,134357],{"className":59,"code":134356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ABC\n",[15,134358,134359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134360,134361],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134362,134356],{"class":879},[52,134364,134366],{"id":134365},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134368,134369,134371],{},[15,134370,133173],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[258,134373,134375],{"id":134374},"this-works","This works",[57,134377,134379],{"className":59,"code":134378,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134380,134381,134413],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134382,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134384,3573],{"class":72},[66,134386,77],{"class":76},[66,134388,3370],{"class":102},[66,134390,113],{"class":80},[66,134392,2064],{"class":84},[66,134394,113],{"class":80},[66,134396,121],{"class":102},[66,134398,81],{"class":80},[66,134400,15516],{"class":84},[66,134402,113],{"class":80},[66,134404,121],{"class":102},[66,134406,81],{"class":80},[66,134408,36608],{"class":84},[66,134410,113],{"class":80},[66,134412,3383],{"class":102},[66,134414,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134416,138],{"class":137},[66,134418,110],{"class":102},[66,134420,113],{"class":80},[66,134422,1923],{"class":84},[66,134424,113],{"class":80},[66,134426,103],{"class":102},[66,134428,133250],{"class":106},[66,134430,110],{"class":102},[66,134432,5114],{"class":106},[66,134434,1330],{"class":102},[20,134436,148],{},[57,134438,134440],{"className":59,"code":134439,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134441,134442],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134443,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134445,2064],{"class":478},[66,134447,121],{"class":102},[66,134449,7546],{"class":478},[66,134451,121],{"class":102},[66,134453,134454],{"class":478}," 30\n",[258,134456,134458],{"id":134457},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[57,134460,134462],{"className":59,"code":134461,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134463,134464,134484],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134465,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134467,3573],{"class":72},[66,134469,77],{"class":76},[66,134471,3370],{"class":102},[66,134473,2729],{"class":478},[66,134475,121],{"class":102},[66,134477,561],{"class":478},[66,134479,121],{"class":102},[66,134481,2186],{"class":478},[66,134483,3383],{"class":102},[66,134485,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134487,138],{"class":137},[66,134489,110],{"class":102},[66,134491,113],{"class":80},[66,134493,1923],{"class":84},[66,134495,113],{"class":80},[66,134497,103],{"class":102},[66,134499,133250],{"class":106},[66,134501,110],{"class":102},[66,134503,5114],{"class":106},[66,134505,1330],{"class":102},[20,134507,90072,134508,134510],{},[15,134509,2746],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134512,134513],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[57,134515,134517],{"className":59,"code":134516,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134518,134519,134539,134569,134573],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134522,3573],{"class":72},[66,134524,77],{"class":76},[66,134526,3370],{"class":102},[66,134528,2729],{"class":478},[66,134530,121],{"class":102},[66,134532,561],{"class":478},[66,134534,121],{"class":102},[66,134536,2186],{"class":478},[66,134538,3383],{"class":102},[66,134540,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134542,447],{"class":72},[66,134544,77],{"class":76},[66,134546,81],{"class":80},[66,134548,1923],{"class":84},[66,134550,113],{"class":80},[66,134552,103],{"class":102},[66,134554,133250],{"class":106},[66,134556,110],{"class":102},[66,134558,39626],{"class":137},[66,134560,110],{"class":102},[66,134562,3188],{"class":2641},[66,134564,121],{"class":102},[66,134566,3637],{"class":106},[66,134568,1330],{"class":102},[66,134570,134571],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,134572,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,134574,134575,134577,134579,134581],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,134576,138],{"class":137},[66,134578,110],{"class":102},[66,134580,494],{"class":106},[66,134582,131],{"class":102},[20,134584,148],{},[57,134586,134588],{"className":59,"code":134587,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134589,134590],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134591,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134593,2729],{"class":478},[66,134595,121],{"class":102},[66,134597,561],{"class":478},[66,134599,121],{"class":102},[66,134601,2314],{"class":478},[20,134603,134604,134605,103],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[200,134606,3321,134607,3254],{"href":41941},[15,134608,47451],{},[258,134610,134612,134614],{"id":134611},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134613,3528],{}," values do not work directly",[57,134616,134618],{"className":59,"code":134617,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134619,134620,134648],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134621,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134623,3573],{"class":72},[66,134625,77],{"class":76},[66,134627,3370],{"class":102},[66,134629,113],{"class":80},[66,134631,3832],{"class":84},[66,134633,113],{"class":80},[66,134635,121],{"class":102},[66,134637,3603],{"class":3602},[66,134639,121],{"class":102},[66,134641,81],{"class":80},[66,134643,627],{"class":84},[66,134645,113],{"class":80},[66,134647,3383],{"class":102},[66,134649,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134651,138],{"class":137},[66,134653,110],{"class":102},[66,134655,113],{"class":80},[66,134657,1923],{"class":84},[66,134659,113],{"class":80},[66,134661,103],{"class":102},[66,134663,133250],{"class":106},[66,134665,110],{"class":102},[66,134667,5114],{"class":106},[66,134669,1330],{"class":102},[20,134671,134672,134673,103],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134674,2746],{},[20,134676,134677],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[57,134679,134681],{"className":59,"code":134680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134682,134683,134711,134741,134745],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134684,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134686,3573],{"class":72},[66,134688,77],{"class":76},[66,134690,3370],{"class":102},[66,134692,113],{"class":80},[66,134694,3832],{"class":84},[66,134696,113],{"class":80},[66,134698,121],{"class":102},[66,134700,3603],{"class":3602},[66,134702,121],{"class":102},[66,134704,81],{"class":80},[66,134706,627],{"class":84},[66,134708,113],{"class":80},[66,134710,3383],{"class":102},[66,134712,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134714,447],{"class":72},[66,134716,77],{"class":76},[66,134718,81],{"class":80},[66,134720,1923],{"class":84},[66,134722,113],{"class":80},[66,134724,103],{"class":102},[66,134726,133250],{"class":106},[66,134728,110],{"class":102},[66,134730,39626],{"class":137},[66,134732,110],{"class":102},[66,134734,3188],{"class":2641},[66,134736,121],{"class":102},[66,134738,3637],{"class":106},[66,134740,1330],{"class":102},[66,134742,134743],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,134744,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,134746,134747,134749,134751,134753],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,134748,138],{"class":137},[66,134750,110],{"class":102},[66,134752,494],{"class":106},[66,134754,131],{"class":102},[20,134756,148],{},[57,134758,134760],{"className":59,"code":134759,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134761,134762],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134763,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134765,3832],{"class":72},[66,134767,121],{"class":102},[66,134769,3603],{"class":3602},[66,134771,121],{"class":102},[66,134773,134774],{"class":72}," banana\n",[20,134776,134777,134778,134780],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134779,3528],{}," values instead of converting them.",[258,134782,134784,134786],{"id":134783},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134785,133173],{}," also works with tuples",[57,134788,134790],{"className":59,"code":134789,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134791,134792,134824],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134793,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134795,4749],{"class":72},[66,134797,77],{"class":76},[66,134799,8997],{"class":102},[66,134801,113],{"class":80},[66,134803,7432],{"class":84},[66,134805,113],{"class":80},[66,134807,121],{"class":102},[66,134809,81],{"class":80},[66,134811,131180],{"class":84},[66,134813,113],{"class":80},[66,134815,121],{"class":102},[66,134817,81],{"class":80},[66,134819,7678],{"class":84},[66,134821,113],{"class":80},[66,134823,131],{"class":102},[66,134825,134826,134828,134830,134832,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134827,138],{"class":137},[66,134829,110],{"class":102},[66,134831,113],{"class":80},[66,134833,134834],{"class":84}," \u002F ",[66,134836,113],{"class":80},[66,134838,103],{"class":102},[66,134840,133250],{"class":106},[66,134842,110],{"class":102},[66,134844,4793],{"class":106},[66,134846,1330],{"class":102},[20,134848,148],{},[57,134850,134852],{"className":59,"code":134851,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134853,134854],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134855,134856,134859,134861,134864,134866],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134857,134858],{"class":72},"Sam ",[66,134860,126991],{"class":76},[66,134862,134863],{"class":72}," Lee ",[66,134865,126991],{"class":76},[66,134867,22098],{"class":72},[52,134869,134871,134872],{"id":134870},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134873,133173],{},[20,134875,134876],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[258,134878,134880,134881,134883],{"id":134879},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134882,2746],{}," because not all items are strings",[57,134885,134887],{"className":59,"code":134886,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134888,134889,134917],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134890,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134892,7535],{"class":72},[66,134894,77],{"class":76},[66,134896,3370],{"class":102},[66,134898,113],{"class":80},[66,134900,200],{"class":84},[66,134902,113],{"class":80},[66,134904,121],{"class":102},[66,134906,561],{"class":478},[66,134908,121],{"class":102},[66,134910,81],{"class":80},[66,134912,9501],{"class":84},[66,134914,113],{"class":80},[66,134916,3383],{"class":102},[66,134918,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134920,138],{"class":137},[66,134922,110],{"class":102},[66,134924,113],{"class":80},[66,134926,81],{"class":80},[66,134928,103],{"class":102},[66,134930,133250],{"class":106},[66,134932,110],{"class":102},[66,134934,7566],{"class":106},[66,134936,1330],{"class":102},[20,134938,48278,134939,134941],{},[15,134940,1788],{}," is an integer.",[20,134943,39028],{},[57,134945,134947],{"className":59,"code":134946,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134948,134949,134977],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134950,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134952,7535],{"class":72},[66,134954,77],{"class":76},[66,134956,3370],{"class":102},[66,134958,113],{"class":80},[66,134960,200],{"class":84},[66,134962,113],{"class":80},[66,134964,121],{"class":102},[66,134966,561],{"class":478},[66,134968,121],{"class":102},[66,134970,81],{"class":80},[66,134972,9501],{"class":84},[66,134974,113],{"class":80},[66,134976,3383],{"class":102},[66,134978,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,134980,138],{"class":137},[66,134982,110],{"class":102},[66,134984,113],{"class":80},[66,134986,81],{"class":80},[66,134988,103],{"class":102},[66,134990,133250],{"class":106},[66,134992,110],{"class":102},[66,134994,39626],{"class":137},[66,134996,110],{"class":102},[66,134998,3188],{"class":2641},[66,135000,121],{"class":102},[66,135002,5718],{"class":106},[66,135004,2652],{"class":102},[20,135006,135007,135008,103],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[200,135009,25445,135011],{"href":135010},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135012,135013],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[258,135015,135017,135018,135020],{"id":135016},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135019,133173],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135022,4277],{},[57,135024,135026],{"className":59,"code":135025,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135027,135028,135060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135029,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135031,3823],{"class":72},[66,135033,77],{"class":76},[66,135035,3370],{"class":102},[66,135037,113],{"class":80},[66,135039,1047],{"class":84},[66,135041,113],{"class":80},[66,135043,121],{"class":102},[66,135045,81],{"class":80},[66,135047,11956],{"class":84},[66,135049,113],{"class":80},[66,135051,121],{"class":102},[66,135053,81],{"class":80},[66,135055,133231],{"class":84},[66,135057,113],{"class":80},[66,135059,3383],{"class":102},[66,135061,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135063,447],{"class":72},[66,135065,77],{"class":76},[66,135067,5920],{"class":72},[66,135069,103],{"class":102},[66,135071,133250],{"class":106},[66,135073,110],{"class":102},[66,135075,113],{"class":80},[66,135077,81],{"class":80},[66,135079,131],{"class":102},[20,135081,135082,135084],{},[15,135083,133173],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135086,1209],{},[57,135088,135090],{"className":59,"code":135089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135091,135092,135124,135144,135148],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135093,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135095,3823],{"class":72},[66,135097,77],{"class":76},[66,135099,3370],{"class":102},[66,135101,113],{"class":80},[66,135103,1047],{"class":84},[66,135105,113],{"class":80},[66,135107,121],{"class":102},[66,135109,81],{"class":80},[66,135111,11956],{"class":84},[66,135113,113],{"class":80},[66,135115,121],{"class":102},[66,135117,81],{"class":80},[66,135119,133231],{"class":84},[66,135121,113],{"class":80},[66,135123,3383],{"class":102},[66,135125,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135127,447],{"class":72},[66,135129,77],{"class":76},[66,135131,81],{"class":80},[66,135133,81],{"class":80},[66,135135,103],{"class":102},[66,135137,133250],{"class":106},[66,135139,110],{"class":102},[66,135141,3866],{"class":106},[66,135143,131],{"class":102},[66,135145,135146],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,135147,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,135149,135150,135152,135154,135156],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,135151,138],{"class":137},[66,135153,110],{"class":102},[66,135155,494],{"class":106},[66,135157,131],{"class":102},[258,135159,135161],{"id":135160},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[57,135163,135165],{"className":59,"code":135164,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135166,135167,135199],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135168,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135170,3823],{"class":72},[66,135172,77],{"class":76},[66,135174,3370],{"class":102},[66,135176,113],{"class":80},[66,135178,6339],{"class":84},[66,135180,113],{"class":80},[66,135182,121],{"class":102},[66,135184,81],{"class":80},[66,135186,79035],{"class":84},[66,135188,113],{"class":80},[66,135190,121],{"class":102},[66,135192,81],{"class":80},[66,135194,133976],{"class":84},[66,135196,113],{"class":80},[66,135198,3383],{"class":102},[66,135200,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135202,138],{"class":137},[66,135204,110],{"class":102},[66,135206,6024],{"class":80},[66,135208,103],{"class":102},[66,135210,133250],{"class":106},[66,135212,110],{"class":102},[66,135214,3866],{"class":106},[66,135216,1330],{"class":102},[20,135218,148],{},[57,135220,135222],{"className":59,"code":135221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"onetwothree\n",[15,135223,135224],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135225,135226],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135227,135221],{"class":72},[20,135229,135230,135231,6385],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135232,133318],{},[258,135234,135236,135237,131441],{"id":135235},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135238,133173],{},[57,135240,135242],{"className":59,"code":135241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135243,135244,135276,135294,135298],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135245,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135247,3823],{"class":72},[66,135249,77],{"class":76},[66,135251,3370],{"class":102},[66,135253,113],{"class":80},[66,135255,200],{"class":84},[66,135257,113],{"class":80},[66,135259,121],{"class":102},[66,135261,81],{"class":80},[66,135263,4514],{"class":84},[66,135265,113],{"class":80},[66,135267,121],{"class":102},[66,135269,81],{"class":80},[66,135271,9501],{"class":84},[66,135273,113],{"class":80},[66,135275,3383],{"class":102},[66,135277,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135279,113],{"class":43094},[66,135281,1753],{"class":43098},[66,135283,113],{"class":43094},[66,135285,103],{"class":102},[66,135287,133250],{"class":106},[66,135289,110],{"class":102},[66,135291,3866],{"class":106},[66,135293,131],{"class":102},[66,135295,135296],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,135297,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,135299,135300,135302,135304,135306],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,135301,138],{"class":137},[66,135303,110],{"class":102},[66,135305,3866],{"class":106},[66,135307,131],{"class":102},[20,135309,148],{},[57,135311,135312],{"className":59,"code":42641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,135313,135314],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135315,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135317,3652],{"class":102},[66,135319,3044],{"class":80},[66,135321,200],{"class":84},[66,135323,3044],{"class":80},[66,135325,121],{"class":102},[66,135327,3039],{"class":80},[66,135329,4514],{"class":84},[66,135331,3044],{"class":80},[66,135333,121],{"class":102},[66,135335,3039],{"class":80},[66,135337,9501],{"class":84},[66,135339,3044],{"class":80},[66,135341,3383],{"class":102},[20,135343,135344,135345,135347],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135346,133173],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[52,135349,135351,135353,135354],{"id":135350},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135352,133173],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135355,1791],{},[20,135357,10353,135358,798,135360,135362],{},[15,135359,133173],{},[15,135361,1791],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[258,135364,160,135366,135368],{"id":135365},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135367,1791],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[57,135370,135372],{"className":59,"code":135371,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135373,135374,135387,135400,135420,135424],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135375,135376,135379,135381,135383,135385],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135377,135378],{"class":72},"first ",[66,135380,77],{"class":76},[66,135382,81],{"class":80},[66,135384,1296],{"class":84},[66,135386,88],{"class":80},[66,135388,135389,135392,135394,135396,135398],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135390,135391],{"class":72},"second ",[66,135393,77],{"class":76},[66,135395,81],{"class":80},[66,135397,89502],{"class":84},[66,135399,88],{"class":80},[66,135401,135402,135404,135406,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,135403,447],{"class":72},[66,135405,77],{"class":76},[66,135407,135408],{"class":72}," first ",[66,135410,1791],{"class":76},[66,135412,81],{"class":80},[66,135414,81],{"class":80},[66,135416,2189],{"class":76},[66,135418,135419],{"class":72}," second\n",[66,135421,135422],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,135423,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,135425,135426,135428,135430,135432],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,135427,138],{"class":137},[66,135429,110],{"class":102},[66,135431,494],{"class":106},[66,135433,131],{"class":102},[20,135435,148],{},[57,135437,135439],{"className":59,"code":135438,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello World\n",[15,135440,135441],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135442,135443],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135444,135438],{"class":72},[258,135446,160,135448,135450],{"id":135447},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135449,133173],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[57,135452,135454],{"className":59,"code":135453,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135455,135456,135498,135518,135522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135457,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135477,135479,135481,135483,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135459,3823],{"class":72},[66,135461,77],{"class":76},[66,135463,3370],{"class":102},[66,135465,113],{"class":80},[66,135467,1047],{"class":84},[66,135469,113],{"class":80},[66,135471,121],{"class":102},[66,135473,81],{"class":80},[66,135475,135476],{"class":84},"makes",[66,135478,113],{"class":80},[66,135480,121],{"class":102},[66,135482,81],{"class":80},[66,135484,135485],{"class":84},"this",[66,135487,113],{"class":80},[66,135489,121],{"class":102},[66,135491,81],{"class":80},[66,135493,133671],{"class":84},[66,135495,113],{"class":80},[66,135497,3383],{"class":102},[66,135499,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135501,447],{"class":72},[66,135503,77],{"class":76},[66,135505,81],{"class":80},[66,135507,81],{"class":80},[66,135509,103],{"class":102},[66,135511,133250],{"class":106},[66,135513,110],{"class":102},[66,135515,3866],{"class":106},[66,135517,131],{"class":102},[66,135519,135520],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,135521,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,135523,135524,135526,135528,135530],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,135525,138],{"class":137},[66,135527,110],{"class":102},[66,135529,494],{"class":106},[66,135531,131],{"class":102},[20,135533,148],{},[57,135535,135537],{"className":59,"code":135536,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135538,135539],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135540,135541],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135542,135536],{"class":72},[20,135544,135545,135547],{},[15,135546,133173],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[33,135549,135550,135553,135556],{},[36,135551,135552],{},"You already have a list of strings",[36,135554,135555],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[36,135557,135558,135559,135561],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135560,1791],{}," operators",[20,135563,135564,135565,103],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[200,135566,135568],{"href":135567},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[52,135570,135572],{"id":135571},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135574,8635,135575,135577],{},[15,135576,133173],{}," is not working, check these first:",[33,135579,135580,135583,135588,135597,135603],{},[36,135581,135582],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[36,135584,135585,135586],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135587,3528],{},[36,135589,135590,135591,10854,135594],{},"You may have written ",[15,135592,135593],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135595,135596],{},"string.join(...)",[36,135598,135599,135600,135602],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135601,133173],{}," to change the original iterable",[36,135604,135605],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135607,94140],{},[57,135609,135611],{"className":59,"code":135610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135612,135613,135627,135637,135661,135701],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135614,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135616,138],{"class":137},[66,135618,110],{"class":102},[66,135620,2964],{"class":2641},[66,135622,110],{"class":102},[66,135624,7566],{"class":106},[66,135626,1330],{"class":102},[66,135628,135629,135631,135633,135635],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135630,138],{"class":137},[66,135632,110],{"class":102},[66,135634,7566],{"class":106},[66,135636,131],{"class":102},[66,135638,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,135640,138],{"class":137},[66,135642,2726],{"class":102},[66,135644,2964],{"class":2641},[66,135646,110],{"class":102},[66,135648,23075],{"class":106},[66,135650,3410],{"class":102},[66,135652,3628],{"class":3627},[66,135654,5713],{"class":106},[66,135656,3634],{"class":3627},[66,135658,5718],{"class":106},[66,135660,3640],{"class":102},[66,135662,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,135664,138],{"class":137},[66,135666,110],{"class":102},[66,135668,3044],{"class":80},[66,135670,3039],{"class":80},[66,135672,103],{"class":102},[66,135674,133250],{"class":106},[66,135676,2726],{"class":102},[66,135678,3044],{"class":80},[66,135680,200],{"class":84},[66,135682,3044],{"class":80},[66,135684,121],{"class":102},[66,135686,3039],{"class":80},[66,135688,4514],{"class":84},[66,135690,3044],{"class":80},[66,135692,121],{"class":102},[66,135694,3039],{"class":80},[66,135696,9501],{"class":84},[66,135698,3044],{"class":80},[66,135700,2740],{"class":102},[66,135702,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,135704,138],{"class":137},[66,135706,110],{"class":102},[66,135708,3044],{"class":80},[66,135710,1923],{"class":84},[66,135712,3044],{"class":80},[66,135714,103],{"class":102},[66,135716,133250],{"class":106},[66,135718,110],{"class":102},[66,135720,39626],{"class":137},[66,135722,110],{"class":102},[66,135724,3188],{"class":2641},[66,135726,121],{"class":102},[66,135728,3370],{"class":102},[66,135730,2729],{"class":478},[66,135732,121],{"class":102},[66,135734,561],{"class":478},[66,135736,121],{"class":102},[66,135738,2186],{"class":478},[66,135740,37030],{"class":102},[20,135742,135743],{},"What these checks do:",[33,135745,135746,135754,135760,135766,135775],{},[36,135747,135748,135751,135752,7854],{},[15,135749,135750],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135753,7566],{},[36,135755,135756,135759],{},[15,135757,135758],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[36,135761,135762,135765],{},[15,135763,135764],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[36,135767,135768,135771,135772,135774],{},[15,135769,135770],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135773,133173],{}," behavior",[36,135776,135777,135780],{},[15,135778,135779],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[52,135782,1518],{"id":1517},[258,135784,1522,135786,135788],{"id":135785},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135787,133173],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135790,135791,135792,135794,135795,103],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135793,133173],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135796,135797],{},"map(str, values)",[258,135799,1522,135801,56932],{"id":135800},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135802,133173],{},[20,135804,135805],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[258,135807,28094,135809,62399],{"id":135808},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135810,133173],{},[20,135812,41918,135813,135815],{},[15,135814,133173],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[258,135817,4897,135819,39727],{"id":135818},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135820,135821],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135823,135824],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[258,135826,135828,135829,135831,135832,2228],{"id":135827},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135830,2746],{}," when using ",[15,135833,133173],{},[20,135835,135836],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[52,135838,1620],{"id":1619},[33,135840,135841,135846,135852,135858,135864],{},[36,135842,135843],{},[200,135844,135845],{"href":135567},"How to join strings in Python",[36,135847,135848],{},[200,135849,770,135850,774],{"href":769},[15,135851,773],{},[36,135853,135854],{},[200,135855,3321,135856,3254],{"href":41941},[15,135857,47451],{},[36,135859,135860],{},[200,135861,30114,135862],{"href":135010},[15,135863,135013],{},[36,135865,135866],{},[200,135867,203],{"href":202},[20,135869,97110,135870,135872],{},[15,135871,133173],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1651,135874,135875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":135877},[135878,135879,135881,135884,135891,135901,135909,135919,135926,135927,135939],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":133290,"depth":91,"text":135880},"What join() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":135882},[135883],{"id":48777,"depth":134,"text":48778},{"id":121644,"depth":91,"text":121645,"children":135885},[135886,135887,135888,135889],{"id":133636,"depth":134,"text":133637},{"id":133728,"depth":134,"text":133729},{"id":133829,"depth":134,"text":133830},{"id":133938,"depth":134,"text":135890},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134041,"depth":91,"text":134042,"children":135892},[135893,135895,135897,135899],{"id":134048,"depth":134,"text":135894},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134115,"depth":134,"text":135896},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134204,"depth":134,"text":135898},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134290,"depth":134,"text":135900},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134365,"depth":91,"text":134366,"children":135902},[135903,135904,135905,135907],{"id":134374,"depth":134,"text":134375},{"id":134457,"depth":134,"text":134458},{"id":134611,"depth":134,"text":135906},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134783,"depth":134,"text":135908},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134870,"depth":91,"text":135910,"children":135911},"Common errors with join()",[135912,135914,135916,135917],{"id":134879,"depth":134,"text":135913},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135016,"depth":134,"text":135915},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135160,"depth":134,"text":135161},{"id":135235,"depth":134,"text":135918},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135350,"depth":91,"text":135920,"children":135921},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135922,135924],{"id":135365,"depth":134,"text":135923},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135447,"depth":134,"text":135925},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135571,"depth":91,"text":135572},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":135928},[135929,135931,135933,135935,135937],{"id":135785,"depth":134,"text":135930},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135800,"depth":134,"text":135932},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135808,"depth":134,"text":135934},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135818,"depth":134,"text":135936},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135827,"depth":134,"text":135938},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133165,"description":135940},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135947,"title":135948,"body":135949,"description":137514,"extension":1694,"meta":137515,"navigation":338,"path":137516,"seo":137517,"stem":137518,"__hash__":137519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135950,"toc":137481},[135951,135956,135961,135963,135977,136022,136029,136034,136039,136041,136056,136065,136067,136069,136084,136086,136096,136098,136160,136162,136165,136226,136228,136244,136246,136259,136262,136309,136311,136317,136320,136323,136383,136391,136477,136481,136486,136488,136502,136505,136590,136593,136651,136661,136716,136718,136724,136730,136736,136780,136783,136830,136832,136834,136841,136843,136874,136877,136879,136910,136914,136917,136919,136959,136961,137004,137010,137015,137017,137044,137049,137052,137101,137105,137108,137183,137194,137197,137254,137261,137267,137275,137280,137287,137294,137312,137314,137368,137376,137378,137383,137386,137392,137398,137403,137406,137412,137418,137425,137433,137435,137478],[10,135952,13,135954,18],{"id":135953},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135955,898],{},[20,135957,22,135958,135960],{},[15,135959,898],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135962,23852],{},[33,135964,135965,135968,135971,135974],{},[36,135966,135967],{},"convert text to lowercase",[36,135969,135970],{},"compare text without case differences",[36,135972,135973],{},"clean up user input",[36,135975,135976],{},"make simple text matching easier",[57,135978,135980],{"className":59,"code":135979,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135981,135982,135995,136009],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135983,135984,135986,135988,135990,135993],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135985,73],{"class":72},[66,135987,77],{"class":76},[66,135989,81],{"class":80},[66,135991,135992],{"class":84},"Hello WORLD",[66,135994,88],{"class":80},[66,135996,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,135998,447],{"class":72},[66,136000,77],{"class":76},[66,136002,99],{"class":72},[66,136004,103],{"class":102},[66,136006,8399],{"class":106},[66,136008,8402],{"class":102},[66,136010,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136012,138],{"class":137},[66,136014,110],{"class":102},[66,136016,494],{"class":106},[66,136018,3410],{"class":102},[66,136020,136021],{"class":3413},"  # hello world\n",[20,136023,136024,88726,136026,136028],{},[398,136025,83585],{},[15,136027,898],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[52,136030,168,136032,41],{"id":136031},"what-lower-does",[15,136033,898],{},[20,136035,136036,136038],{},[15,136037,898],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136040,178],{},[33,136042,136043,136048,136051,136054],{},[36,136044,136045,136047],{},[15,136046,898],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[36,136049,136050],{},"It works on string objects",[36,136052,136053],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[36,136055,186],{},[20,136057,198,136058,136062,136063,103],{},[200,136059,136061],{"href":136060},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[200,136064,50743],{"href":202},[52,136066,1891],{"id":1890},[20,136068,1894],{},[57,136070,136072],{"className":59,"code":136071,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.lower()\n",[15,136073,136074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136075,136076,136078,136080,136082],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136077,217],{"class":72},[66,136079,103],{"class":102},[66,136081,8399],{"class":106},[66,136083,8402],{"class":102},[20,136085,43416],{},[33,136087,136088,136090,136093],{},[36,136089,97288],{},[36,136091,136092],{},"You call it directly on a string",[36,136094,136095],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136097,923],{},[57,136099,136101],{"className":59,"code":136100,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136102,136103,136126,136130,136143],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136104,136105,136107,136109,136111,136114,136116,136118,136120,136123],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136106,138],{"class":137},[66,136108,110],{"class":102},[66,136110,113],{"class":80},[66,136112,136113],{"class":84},"HELLO",[66,136115,113],{"class":80},[66,136117,103],{"class":102},[66,136119,8399],{"class":106},[66,136121,136122],{"class":102},"())",[66,136124,136125],{"class":3413},"  # hello\n",[66,136127,136128],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136129,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136131,136132,136134,136136,136138,136141],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136133,7633],{"class":72},[66,136135,77],{"class":76},[66,136137,81],{"class":80},[66,136139,136140],{"class":84},"PyThOn",[66,136142,88],{"class":80},[66,136144,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153,136155,136157],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136146,138],{"class":137},[66,136148,110],{"class":102},[66,136150,7423],{"class":106},[66,136152,103],{"class":102},[66,136154,8399],{"class":106},[66,136156,136122],{"class":102},[66,136158,136159],{"class":3413},"  # python\n",[52,136161,11238],{"id":11237},[20,136163,136164],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[57,136166,136168],{"className":59,"code":136167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136169,136170,136182,136186,136201,136205,136216],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136171,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136173,73],{"class":72},[66,136175,77],{"class":76},[66,136177,81],{"class":80},[66,136179,135992],{"class":84},[66,136181,88],{"class":80},[66,136183,136184],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136185,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136187,136188,136191,136193,136195,136197,136199],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136189,136190],{"class":72},"lower_text ",[66,136192,77],{"class":76},[66,136194,99],{"class":72},[66,136196,103],{"class":102},[66,136198,8399],{"class":106},[66,136200,8402],{"class":102},[66,136202,136203],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136204,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136206,136207,136209,136211,136214],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,136208,138],{"class":137},[66,136210,110],{"class":102},[66,136212,136213],{"class":106},"lower_text",[66,136215,131],{"class":102},[66,136217,136218,136220,136222,136224],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,136219,138],{"class":137},[66,136221,110],{"class":102},[66,136223,349],{"class":106},[66,136225,131],{"class":102},[20,136227,148],{},[57,136229,136231],{"className":59,"code":136230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136232,136233,136237],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136234,136235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136236,134106],{"class":72},[66,136238,136239,136241],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136240,131507],{"class":72},[66,136242,136243],{"class":879},"WORLD\n",[20,136245,24372],{},[33,136247,136248,136253],{},[36,136249,136250,136252],{},[15,136251,898],{}," returns the lowercase result",[36,136254,136255,136256,136258],{},"the original ",[15,136257,349],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136260,136261],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[57,136263,136265],{"className":59,"code":136264,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136266,136267,136279,136293,136297],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136268,136269,136271,136273,136275,136277],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136270,73],{"class":72},[66,136272,77],{"class":76},[66,136274,81],{"class":80},[66,136276,135992],{"class":84},[66,136278,88],{"class":80},[66,136280,136281,136283,136285,136287,136289,136291],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136282,73],{"class":72},[66,136284,77],{"class":76},[66,136286,99],{"class":72},[66,136288,103],{"class":102},[66,136290,8399],{"class":106},[66,136292,8402],{"class":102},[66,136294,136295],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136296,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136298,136299,136301,136303,136305,136307],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136300,138],{"class":137},[66,136302,110],{"class":102},[66,136304,349],{"class":106},[66,136306,3410],{"class":102},[66,136308,136021],{"class":3413},[52,136310,17180],{"id":17179},[20,136312,136313,21739,136315,103],{},[15,136314,898],{},[398,136316,217],{},[20,136318,136319],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136321,136322],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[57,136324,136326],{"className":59,"code":136325,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136327,136328,136342,136346,136369],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136329,136330,136333,136335,136337,136340],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136331,136332],{"class":72},"answer ",[66,136334,77],{"class":76},[66,136336,81],{"class":80},[66,136338,136339],{"class":84},"YES",[66,136341,88],{"class":80},[66,136343,136344],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136345,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136347,136348,136350,136353,136355,136357,136359,136361,136363,136365,136367],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136349,6752],{"class":3627},[66,136351,136352],{"class":72}," answer",[66,136354,103],{"class":102},[66,136356,8399],{"class":106},[66,136358,7120],{"class":102},[66,136360,6161],{"class":76},[66,136362,81],{"class":80},[66,136364,8417],{"class":84},[66,136366,113],{"class":80},[66,136368,6146],{"class":102},[66,136370,136371,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136372,7826],{"class":137},[66,136374,110],{"class":102},[66,136376,113],{"class":80},[66,136378,96597],{"class":84},[66,136380,113],{"class":80},[66,136382,131],{"class":102},[20,136384,136385,136386,1111],{},"This is especially useful with ",[200,136387,136388,136389,2036],{"href":7977},"the ",[15,136390,2698],{},[57,136392,136394],{"className":59,"code":136393,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136395,136396,136415,136419,136441,136456,136462],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136397,136398,136400,136402,136404,136406,136408,136411,136413],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136399,136332],{"class":72},[66,136401,77],{"class":76},[66,136403,8000],{"class":137},[66,136405,110],{"class":102},[66,136407,113],{"class":80},[66,136409,136410],{"class":84},"Type yes or no: ",[66,136412,113],{"class":80},[66,136414,131],{"class":102},[66,136416,136417],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136418,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136420,136421,136423,136425,136427,136429,136431,136433,136435,136437,136439],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136422,6752],{"class":3627},[66,136424,136352],{"class":72},[66,136426,103],{"class":102},[66,136428,8399],{"class":106},[66,136430,7120],{"class":102},[66,136432,6161],{"class":76},[66,136434,81],{"class":80},[66,136436,8417],{"class":84},[66,136438,113],{"class":80},[66,136440,6146],{"class":102},[66,136442,136443,136445,136447,136449,136452,136454],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136444,7826],{"class":137},[66,136446,110],{"class":102},[66,136448,113],{"class":80},[66,136450,136451],{"class":84},"You typed yes",[66,136453,113],{"class":80},[66,136455,131],{"class":102},[66,136457,136458,136460],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,136459,27199],{"class":3627},[66,136461,6146],{"class":102},[66,136463,136464,136466,136468,136470,136473,136475],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,136465,7826],{"class":137},[66,136467,110],{"class":102},[66,136469,113],{"class":80},[66,136471,136472],{"class":84},"You typed something else",[66,136474,113],{"class":80},[66,136476,131],{"class":102},[52,136478,136480],{"id":136479},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136482,136483,136485],{},[15,136484,898],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136487,7097],{},[33,136489,136490,136493,136496,136499],{},[36,136491,136492],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[36,136494,136495],{},"Make text matching easier",[36,136497,136498],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[36,136500,136501],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136503,136504],{},"Example: checking user input",[57,136506,136508],{"className":59,"code":136507,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136509,136510,136528,136532,136554,136569,136575],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136511,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524,136526],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136513,44725],{"class":72},[66,136515,77],{"class":76},[66,136517,8000],{"class":137},[66,136519,110],{"class":102},[66,136521,113],{"class":80},[66,136523,44736],{"class":84},[66,136525,113],{"class":80},[66,136527,131],{"class":102},[66,136529,136530],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136531,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136533,136534,136536,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136535,6752],{"class":3627},[66,136537,35617],{"class":72},[66,136539,103],{"class":102},[66,136541,8399],{"class":106},[66,136543,7120],{"class":102},[66,136545,6161],{"class":76},[66,136547,81],{"class":80},[66,136549,1401],{"class":84},[66,136551,113],{"class":80},[66,136553,6146],{"class":102},[66,136555,136556,136558,136560,136562,136565,136567],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136557,7826],{"class":137},[66,136559,110],{"class":102},[66,136561,113],{"class":80},[66,136563,136564],{"class":84},"Nice choice!",[66,136566,113],{"class":80},[66,136568,131],{"class":102},[66,136570,136571,136573],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,136572,27199],{"class":3627},[66,136574,6146],{"class":102},[66,136576,136577,136579,136581,136583,136586,136588],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,136578,7826],{"class":137},[66,136580,110],{"class":102},[66,136582,113],{"class":80},[66,136584,136585],{"class":84},"Got it.",[66,136587,113],{"class":80},[66,136589,131],{"class":102},[20,136591,136592],{},"Example: simple search",[57,136594,136596],{"className":59,"code":136595,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136597,136598,136611,136615,136636],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136599,136600,136602,136604,136606,136609],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136601,89768],{"class":72},[66,136603,77],{"class":76},[66,136605,81],{"class":80},[66,136607,136608],{"class":84},"Python Is Fun",[66,136610,88],{"class":80},[66,136612,136613],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136614,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136616,136617,136619,136621,136623,136625,136627,136630,136632,136634],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136618,6752],{"class":3627},[66,136620,81],{"class":80},[66,136622,61],{"class":84},[66,136624,113],{"class":80},[66,136626,20937],{"class":76},[66,136628,136629],{"class":72}," message",[66,136631,103],{"class":102},[66,136633,8399],{"class":106},[66,136635,21359],{"class":102},[66,136637,136638,136640,136642,136644,136647,136649],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136639,7826],{"class":137},[66,136641,110],{"class":102},[66,136643,113],{"class":80},[66,136645,136646],{"class":84},"Found it",[66,136648,113],{"class":80},[66,136650,131],{"class":102},[20,136652,136653,136654,136656,136657,1111],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136655,898],{}," is often used with ",[200,136658,136659],{"href":778},[15,136660,781],{},[57,136662,136664],{"className":59,"code":136663,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136665,136666,136679,136698,136702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136667,136668,136670,136672,136674,136677],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136669,7633],{"class":72},[66,136671,77],{"class":76},[66,136673,81],{"class":80},[66,136675,136676],{"class":84},"  ALICE  ",[66,136678,88],{"class":80},[66,136680,136681,136684,136686,136688,136690,136692,136694,136696],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136682,136683],{"class":72},"clean_name ",[66,136685,77],{"class":76},[66,136687,35758],{"class":72},[66,136689,103],{"class":102},[66,136691,8393],{"class":106},[66,136693,8396],{"class":102},[66,136695,8399],{"class":106},[66,136697,8402],{"class":102},[66,136699,136700],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136701,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136703,136704,136706,136708,136711,136713],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136705,138],{"class":137},[66,136707,110],{"class":102},[66,136709,136710],{"class":106},"clean_name",[66,136712,3410],{"class":102},[66,136714,136715],{"class":3413},"  # alice\n",[52,136717,15358],{"id":15357},[20,136719,136720,136721,136723],{},"Strings are ",[398,136722,400],{}," in Python.",[20,136725,136726,136727,136729],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136728,898],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136731,136732,136733,136735],{},"So this does ",[398,136734,4383],{}," update the original variable:",[57,136737,136739],{"className":59,"code":136738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136740,136741,136753,136763,136767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136742,136743,136745,136747,136749,136751],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136744,73],{"class":72},[66,136746,77],{"class":76},[66,136748,81],{"class":80},[66,136750,136113],{"class":84},[66,136752,88],{"class":80},[66,136754,136755,136757,136759,136761],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136756,349],{"class":72},[66,136758,103],{"class":102},[66,136760,8399],{"class":106},[66,136762,8402],{"class":102},[66,136764,136765],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136766,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136768,136769,136771,136773,136775,136777],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136770,138],{"class":137},[66,136772,110],{"class":102},[66,136774,349],{"class":106},[66,136776,3410],{"class":102},[66,136778,136779],{"class":3413},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136781,136782],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[57,136784,136786],{"className":59,"code":136785,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136787,136788,136800,136814,136818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136789,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136791,73],{"class":72},[66,136793,77],{"class":76},[66,136795,81],{"class":80},[66,136797,136113],{"class":84},[66,136799,88],{"class":80},[66,136801,136802,136804,136806,136808,136810,136812],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136803,73],{"class":72},[66,136805,77],{"class":76},[66,136807,99],{"class":72},[66,136809,103],{"class":102},[66,136811,8399],{"class":106},[66,136813,8402],{"class":102},[66,136815,136816],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136817,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,136819,136820,136822,136824,136826,136828],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,136821,138],{"class":137},[66,136823,110],{"class":102},[66,136825,349],{"class":106},[66,136827,3410],{"class":102},[66,136829,136125],{"class":3413},[52,136831,2568],{"id":2567},[258,136833,25453],{"id":25452},[20,136835,136836,136837,10854,136839,103],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136838,8399],{},[15,136840,898],{},[20,136842,16406],{},[57,136844,136846],{"className":59,"code":136845,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136847,136848,136860],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136849,136850,136852,136854,136856,136858],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136851,73],{"class":72},[66,136853,77],{"class":76},[66,136855,81],{"class":80},[66,136857,136113],{"class":84},[66,136859,88],{"class":80},[66,136861,136862,136864,136866,136868,136870,136872],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136863,138],{"class":137},[66,136865,110],{"class":102},[66,136867,349],{"class":106},[66,136869,103],{"class":102},[66,136871,8399],{"class":24515},[66,136873,131],{"class":102},[20,136875,136876],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136878,16418],{},[57,136880,136882],{"className":59,"code":136881,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136883,136884,136896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136885,136886,136888,136890,136892,136894],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136887,73],{"class":72},[66,136889,77],{"class":76},[66,136891,81],{"class":80},[66,136893,136113],{"class":84},[66,136895,88],{"class":80},[66,136897,136898,136900,136902,136904,136906,136908],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136899,138],{"class":137},[66,136901,110],{"class":102},[66,136903,349],{"class":106},[66,136905,103],{"class":102},[66,136907,8399],{"class":106},[66,136909,6949],{"class":102},[258,136911,136913],{"id":136912},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136915,136916],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136918,16406],{},[57,136920,136922],{"className":59,"code":136921,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136923,136924,136936,136946],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136927,73],{"class":72},[66,136929,77],{"class":76},[66,136931,81],{"class":80},[66,136933,136113],{"class":84},[66,136935,88],{"class":80},[66,136937,136938,136940,136942,136944],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136939,349],{"class":72},[66,136941,103],{"class":102},[66,136943,8399],{"class":106},[66,136945,8402],{"class":102},[66,136947,136948,136950,136952,136954,136956],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136949,138],{"class":137},[66,136951,110],{"class":102},[66,136953,349],{"class":106},[66,136955,3410],{"class":102},[66,136957,136958],{"class":3413},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136960,16418],{},[57,136962,136964],{"className":59,"code":136963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136965,136966,136978,136992],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136967,136968,136970,136972,136974,136976],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136969,73],{"class":72},[66,136971,77],{"class":76},[66,136973,81],{"class":80},[66,136975,136113],{"class":84},[66,136977,88],{"class":80},[66,136979,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988,136990],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,136981,73],{"class":72},[66,136983,77],{"class":76},[66,136985,99],{"class":72},[66,136987,103],{"class":102},[66,136989,8399],{"class":106},[66,136991,8402],{"class":102},[66,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137002],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,136995,138],{"class":137},[66,136997,110],{"class":102},[66,136999,349],{"class":106},[66,137001,3410],{"class":102},[66,137003,136125],{"class":3413},[258,137005,8176,137007,137009],{"id":137006},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137008,898],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137011,137012,137014],{},[15,137013,898],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137016,16406],{},[57,137018,137020],{"className":59,"code":137019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137021,137022,137030],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137023,137024,137026,137028],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137025,1951],{"class":72},[66,137027,77],{"class":76},[66,137029,124784],{"class":478},[66,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038,137040,137042],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,137033,138],{"class":137},[66,137035,110],{"class":102},[66,137037,1973],{"class":106},[66,137039,103],{"class":102},[66,137041,8399],{"class":106},[66,137043,6949],{"class":102},[20,137045,137046,137047,33369],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137048,898],{},[20,137050,137051],{},"You can check the type first:",[57,137053,137055],{"className":59,"code":137054,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137056,137057,137069,137073,137087],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137058,137059,137061,137063,137065,137067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137060,73],{"class":72},[66,137062,77],{"class":76},[66,137064,81],{"class":80},[66,137066,136113],{"class":84},[66,137068,88],{"class":80},[66,137070,137071],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,137072,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,137074,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,137076,138],{"class":137},[66,137078,110],{"class":102},[66,137080,2964],{"class":2641},[66,137082,110],{"class":102},[66,137084,349],{"class":106},[66,137086,1330],{"class":102},[66,137088,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,137090,138],{"class":137},[66,137092,110],{"class":102},[66,137094,349],{"class":106},[66,137096,103],{"class":102},[66,137098,8399],{"class":106},[66,137100,6949],{"class":102},[258,137102,137104],{"id":137103},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137106,137107],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[57,137109,137111],{"className":59,"code":137110,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137112,137113,137126,137130,137147,137162,137168],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137114,137115,137117,137119,137121,137124],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137116,136332],{"class":72},[66,137118,77],{"class":76},[66,137120,81],{"class":80},[66,137122,137123],{"class":84},"Yes",[66,137125,88],{"class":80},[66,137127,137128],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,137129,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,137131,137132,137134,137137,137139,137141,137143,137145],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,137133,6752],{"class":3627},[66,137135,137136],{"class":72}," answer ",[66,137138,4441],{"class":76},[66,137140,81],{"class":80},[66,137142,8417],{"class":84},[66,137144,113],{"class":80},[66,137146,6146],{"class":102},[66,137148,137149,137151,137153,137155,137158,137160],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,137150,7826],{"class":137},[66,137152,110],{"class":102},[66,137154,113],{"class":80},[66,137156,137157],{"class":84},"Match",[66,137159,113],{"class":80},[66,137161,131],{"class":102},[66,137163,137164,137166],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,137165,27199],{"class":3627},[66,137167,6146],{"class":102},[66,137169,137170,137172,137174,137176,137179,137181],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,137171,7826],{"class":137},[66,137173,110],{"class":102},[66,137175,113],{"class":80},[66,137177,137178],{"class":84},"No match",[66,137180,113],{"class":80},[66,137182,131],{"class":102},[20,137184,28827,137185,798,137188,137191,137192,103],{},[15,137186,137187],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137189,137190],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137193,137178],{},[20,137195,137196],{},"Better:",[57,137198,137200],{"className":59,"code":137199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137201,137202,137214,137218,137240],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137203,137204,137206,137208,137210,137212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137205,136332],{"class":72},[66,137207,77],{"class":76},[66,137209,81],{"class":80},[66,137211,137123],{"class":84},[66,137213,88],{"class":80},[66,137215,137216],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,137217,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,137219,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234,137236,137238],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,137221,6752],{"class":3627},[66,137223,136352],{"class":72},[66,137225,103],{"class":102},[66,137227,8399],{"class":106},[66,137229,7120],{"class":102},[66,137231,6161],{"class":76},[66,137233,81],{"class":80},[66,137235,8417],{"class":84},[66,137237,113],{"class":80},[66,137239,6146],{"class":102},[66,137241,137242,137244,137246,137248,137250,137252],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,137243,7826],{"class":137},[66,137245,110],{"class":102},[66,137247,113],{"class":80},[66,137249,137157],{"class":84},[66,137251,113],{"class":80},[66,137253,131],{"class":102},[258,137255,43979,137257,137260],{"id":137256},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137258,137259],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137262,137263,137264,137266],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137265,898],{}," is enough.",[20,137268,137269,137270,137272,137273,103],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137271,137259],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137274,898],{},[20,137276,137277,137278,122356],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137279,898],{},[52,137281,137283,10348,137285],{"id":137282},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137284,898],{},[15,137286,127974],{},[20,137288,137289,798,137291,137293],{},[15,137290,898],{},[15,137292,127974],{}," are very similar.",[33,137295,137296,137301,137306,137309],{},[36,137297,137298,137300],{},[15,137299,898],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[36,137302,137303,137305],{},[15,137304,127974],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[36,137307,137308],{},"Both return new strings",[36,137310,137311],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137313,923],{},[57,137315,137317],{"className":59,"code":137316,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137318,137319,137331,137335,137351],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137320,137321,137323,137325,137327,137329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137322,73],{"class":72},[66,137324,77],{"class":76},[66,137326,81],{"class":80},[66,137328,128814],{"class":84},[66,137330,88],{"class":80},[66,137332,137333],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,137334,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,137336,137337,137339,137341,137343,137345,137347,137349],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,137338,138],{"class":137},[66,137340,110],{"class":102},[66,137342,349],{"class":106},[66,137344,103],{"class":102},[66,137346,8399],{"class":106},[66,137348,136122],{"class":102},[66,137350,136021],{"class":3413},[66,137352,137353,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363,137365],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,137354,138],{"class":137},[66,137356,110],{"class":102},[66,137358,349],{"class":106},[66,137360,103],{"class":102},[66,137362,34246],{"class":106},[66,137364,136122],{"class":102},[66,137366,137367],{"class":3413},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137369,137370,137371,103],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[200,137372,770,137374,774],{"href":137373},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137375,127974],{},[52,137377,1518],{"id":1517},[258,137379,1522,137381,1525],{"id":137380},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137382,898],{},[20,137384,137385],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[258,137387,1522,137389,137391],{"id":137388},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137390,898],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137393,137394,137395,103],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137396,137397],{},"string.lower()",[258,137399,4897,137401,12478],{"id":137400},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137402,898],{},[20,137404,137405],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[258,137407,28094,137409,137411],{"id":137408},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137410,898],{}," on user input?",[20,137413,137414,137415,137417],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137416,2698],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[258,137419,4934,137421,798,137423,2228],{"id":137420},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137422,898],{},[15,137424,137259],{},[20,137426,137427,137429,137430,137432],{},[15,137428,898],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137431,137259],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[52,137434,1620],{"id":1619},[33,137436,137437,137441,137447,137453,137459,137463,137467,137473],{},[36,137438,137439],{},[200,137440,50743],{"href":202},[36,137442,137443],{},[200,137444,770,137445,774],{"href":137373},[15,137446,127974],{},[36,137448,137449],{},[200,137450,770,137451,774],{"href":778},[15,137452,781],{},[36,137454,137455],{},[200,137456,770,137457,774],{"href":129675},[15,137458,17],{},[36,137460,137461],{},[200,137462,124502],{"href":123367},[36,137464,137465],{},[200,137466,90443],{"href":89455},[36,137468,137469],{},[200,137470,3321,137471,3254],{"href":7977},[15,137472,2698],{},[36,137474,137475],{},[200,137476,137477],{"href":136060},"What is a string in Python?",[1651,137479,137480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138937,"toc":140919},[138938,138943,138948,138951,138962,138964,139019,139024,139029,139036,139038,139053,139055,139111,139113,139151,139156,139158,139182,139185,139198,139203,139205,139237,139239,139272,139278,139283,139286,139296,139299,139301,139357,139359,139409,139412,139420,139423,139479,139481,139554,139567,139575,139579,139590,139593,139596,139649,139651,139683,139686,139740,139742,139777,139780,139785,139790,139795,139798,139800,139858,139860,139894,139896,139911,139914,139916,139958,139960,139986,139991,139999,140002,140004,140086,140088,140139,140142,140153,140161,140163,140236,140238,140256,140260,140263,140267,140294,140296,140304,140308,140343,140345,140358,140362,140365,140404,140406,140423,140428,140433,140444,140447,140458,140460,140462,140488,140491,140540,140542,140559,140562,140564,140616,140618,140650,140653,140711,140716,140718,140723,140826,140828,140842,140844,140851,140856,140861,140866,140871,140876,140879,140883,140888,140890,140916],[10,138939,13,138941,18],{"id":138940},"python-string-split-method",[15,138942,773],{},[20,138944,22,138945,138947],{},[15,138946,773],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138949,138950],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[33,138952,138953,138956,138959],{},[36,138954,138955],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[36,138957,138958],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[36,138960,138961],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[52,138963,55],{"id":54},[57,138965,138967],{"className":59,"code":138966,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138968,138969,138982,139004,139014],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138970,138971,138973,138975,138977,138980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138972,73],{"class":72},[66,138974,77],{"class":76},[66,138976,81],{"class":80},[66,138978,138979],{"class":84},"apple,banana,cherry",[66,138981,88],{"class":80},[66,138983,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,138985,42603],{"class":72},[66,138987,77],{"class":76},[66,138989,99],{"class":72},[66,138991,103],{"class":102},[66,138993,34237],{"class":106},[66,138995,110],{"class":102},[66,138997,113],{"class":80},[66,138999,121],{"class":84},[66,139001,113],{"class":80},[66,139003,131],{"class":102},[66,139005,139006,139008,139010,139012],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,139007,138],{"class":137},[66,139009,110],{"class":102},[66,139011,42634],{"class":106},[66,139013,131],{"class":102},[66,139015,139016],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,139017,139018],{"class":3413},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139020,160,139021,139023],{},[15,139022,773],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[52,139025,168,139027,41],{"id":139026},"what-split-does",[15,139028,773],{},[20,139030,139031,132139,139033,103],{},[15,139032,773],{},[398,139034,139035],{},"string method",[20,139037,48695],{},[33,139039,139040,139043,139048],{},[36,139041,139042],{},"divides a string into parts",[36,139044,119416,139045],{},[398,139046,139047],{},"new list of strings",[36,139049,119422,139050,139052],{},[398,139051,4383],{}," change the original string",[20,139054,923],{},[57,139056,139058],{"className":59,"code":139057,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139059,139060,139073,139087,139091,139101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139061,139062,139064,139066,139068,139071],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139063,73],{"class":72},[66,139065,77],{"class":76},[66,139067,81],{"class":80},[66,139069,139070],{"class":84},"red blue green",[66,139072,88],{"class":80},[66,139074,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139076,42603],{"class":72},[66,139078,77],{"class":76},[66,139080,99],{"class":72},[66,139082,103],{"class":102},[66,139084,34237],{"class":106},[66,139086,8402],{"class":102},[66,139088,139089],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,139090,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,139092,139093,139095,139097,139099],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,139094,138],{"class":137},[66,139096,110],{"class":102},[66,139098,349],{"class":106},[66,139100,131],{"class":102},[66,139102,139103,139105,139107,139109],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,139104,138],{"class":137},[66,139106,110],{"class":102},[66,139108,42634],{"class":106},[66,139110,131],{"class":102},[20,139112,148],{},[57,139114,139116],{"className":59,"code":139115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139117,139118,139123],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139119,139120],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139121,139122],{"class":72},"red blue green\n",[66,139124,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139126,3652],{"class":102},[66,139128,3044],{"class":80},[66,139130,1392],{"class":84},[66,139132,3044],{"class":80},[66,139134,121],{"class":102},[66,139136,3039],{"class":80},[66,139138,1401],{"class":84},[66,139140,3044],{"class":80},[66,139142,121],{"class":102},[66,139144,3039],{"class":80},[66,139146,17217],{"class":84},[66,139148,3044],{"class":80},[66,139150,3383],{"class":102},[20,139152,139153,139154,103],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[200,139155,203],{"href":202},[52,139157,1891],{"id":1890},[57,139159,139161],{"className":59,"code":139160,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139162,139163],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139164,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139180],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139166,217],{"class":72},[66,139168,103],{"class":102},[66,139170,34237],{"class":106},[66,139172,110],{"class":102},[66,139174,133494],{"class":106},[66,139176,121],{"class":102},[66,139178,139179],{"class":106}," maxsplit",[66,139181,131],{"class":102},[20,139183,139184],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[33,139186,139187,139192],{},[36,139188,139189,139191],{},[15,139190,133494],{}," tells Python where to split",[36,139193,139194,139197],{},[15,139195,139196],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139199,8635,139200,139202],{},[15,139201,133494],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139204,923],{},[57,139206,139208],{"className":59,"code":139207,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139209,139210,139223],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139211,139212,139214,139216,139218,139221],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139213,73],{"class":72},[66,139215,77],{"class":76},[66,139217,81],{"class":80},[66,139219,139220],{"class":84},"one two three",[66,139222,88],{"class":80},[66,139224,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139226,138],{"class":137},[66,139228,110],{"class":102},[66,139230,349],{"class":106},[66,139232,103],{"class":102},[66,139234,34237],{"class":106},[66,139236,6949],{"class":102},[20,139238,148],{},[57,139240,139242],{"className":59,"code":139241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139243,139244],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139245,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139247,3652],{"class":102},[66,139249,3044],{"class":80},[66,139251,6339],{"class":84},[66,139253,3044],{"class":80},[66,139255,121],{"class":102},[66,139257,3039],{"class":80},[66,139259,79035],{"class":84},[66,139261,3044],{"class":80},[66,139263,121],{"class":102},[66,139265,3039],{"class":80},[66,139267,133976],{"class":84},[66,139269,3044],{"class":80},[66,139271,3383],{"class":102},[52,139273,8176,139275,139277],{"id":139274},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139276,773],{}," with no separator",[20,139279,69938,139280,139282],{},[15,139281,773],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139284,139285],{},"Whitespace includes:",[33,139287,139288,139290,139293],{},[36,139289,10214],{},[36,139291,139292],{},"tabs",[36,139294,139295],{},"new lines",[20,139297,139298],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139300,923],{},[57,139302,139304],{"className":59,"code":139303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139305,139306,139329,139343,139347],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139307,139308,139310,139312,139314,139317,139320,139322,139324,139327],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139309,73],{"class":72},[66,139311,77],{"class":76},[66,139313,81],{"class":80},[66,139315,139316],{"class":84},"Python   is",[66,139318,139319],{"class":879},"\\t",[66,139321,133231],{"class":84},[66,139323,86917],{"class":879},[66,139325,139326],{"class":84},"and useful",[66,139328,88],{"class":80},[66,139330,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139332,42603],{"class":72},[66,139334,77],{"class":76},[66,139336,99],{"class":72},[66,139338,103],{"class":102},[66,139340,34237],{"class":106},[66,139342,8402],{"class":102},[66,139344,139345],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,139346,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,139348,139349,139351,139353,139355],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,139350,138],{"class":137},[66,139352,110],{"class":102},[66,139354,42634],{"class":106},[66,139356,131],{"class":102},[20,139358,148],{},[57,139360,139362],{"className":59,"code":139361,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139363,139364],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139365,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398,139400,139402,139405,139407],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139367,3652],{"class":102},[66,139369,3044],{"class":80},[66,139371,1047],{"class":84},[66,139373,3044],{"class":80},[66,139375,121],{"class":102},[66,139377,3039],{"class":80},[66,139379,11956],{"class":84},[66,139381,3044],{"class":80},[66,139383,121],{"class":102},[66,139385,3039],{"class":80},[66,139387,133231],{"class":84},[66,139389,3044],{"class":80},[66,139391,121],{"class":102},[66,139393,3039],{"class":80},[66,139395,129859],{"class":84},[66,139397,3044],{"class":80},[66,139399,121],{"class":102},[66,139401,3039],{"class":80},[66,139403,139404],{"class":84},"useful",[66,139406,3044],{"class":80},[66,139408,3383],{"class":102},[20,139410,139411],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[258,139413,139415,10348,139417],{"id":139414},"split-vs-split",[15,139416,773],{},[15,139418,139419],{},"split(' ')",[20,139421,139422],{},"These are not the same.",[57,139424,139426],{"className":59,"code":139425,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139427,139428,139441,139445,139459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139429,139430,139432,139434,139436,139439],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139431,73],{"class":72},[66,139433,77],{"class":76},[66,139435,81],{"class":80},[66,139437,139438],{"class":84},"a  b   c",[66,139440,88],{"class":80},[66,139442,139443],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139444,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,139446,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,139448,138],{"class":137},[66,139450,110],{"class":102},[66,139452,349],{"class":106},[66,139454,103],{"class":102},[66,139456,34237],{"class":106},[66,139458,6949],{"class":102},[66,139460,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475,139477],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,139462,138],{"class":137},[66,139464,110],{"class":102},[66,139466,349],{"class":106},[66,139468,103],{"class":102},[66,139470,34237],{"class":106},[66,139472,110],{"class":102},[66,139474,113],{"class":80},[66,139476,81],{"class":80},[66,139478,1330],{"class":102},[20,139480,148],{},[57,139482,139484],{"className":59,"code":139483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139485,139486,139514],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139487,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510,139512],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139489,3652],{"class":102},[66,139491,3044],{"class":80},[66,139493,200],{"class":84},[66,139495,3044],{"class":80},[66,139497,121],{"class":102},[66,139499,3039],{"class":80},[66,139501,4514],{"class":84},[66,139503,3044],{"class":80},[66,139505,121],{"class":102},[66,139507,3039],{"class":80},[66,139509,9501],{"class":84},[66,139511,3044],{"class":80},[66,139513,3383],{"class":102},[66,139515,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139517,3652],{"class":102},[66,139519,3044],{"class":80},[66,139521,200],{"class":84},[66,139523,3044],{"class":80},[66,139525,121],{"class":102},[66,139527,3589],{"class":80},[66,139529,121],{"class":102},[66,139531,3039],{"class":80},[66,139533,4514],{"class":84},[66,139535,3044],{"class":80},[66,139537,121],{"class":102},[66,139539,3589],{"class":80},[66,139541,121],{"class":102},[66,139543,3589],{"class":80},[66,139545,121],{"class":102},[66,139547,3039],{"class":80},[66,139549,9501],{"class":84},[66,139551,3044],{"class":80},[66,139553,3383],{"class":102},[33,139555,139556,139561],{},[36,139557,139558,139560],{},[15,139559,773],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[36,139562,139563,139566],{},[15,139564,139565],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139568,139569,139570,139574],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[200,139571,770,139572,774],{"href":778},[15,139573,781],{}," is often useful.",[52,139576,139578],{"id":139577},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139580,139581,139582,1923,139585,1927,139587,103],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139583,139584],{},"\",\"",[15,139586,133330],{},[15,139588,139589],{},"\"::\"",[20,139591,139592],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139594,139595],{},"Example with commas:",[57,139597,139599],{"className":59,"code":139598,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139600,139601,139613,139635,139639],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139602,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139604,73],{"class":72},[66,139606,77],{"class":76},[66,139608,81],{"class":80},[66,139610,138979],{"class":84},[66,139612,88],{"class":80},[66,139614,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139616,42603],{"class":72},[66,139618,77],{"class":76},[66,139620,99],{"class":72},[66,139622,103],{"class":102},[66,139624,34237],{"class":106},[66,139626,110],{"class":102},[66,139628,113],{"class":80},[66,139630,121],{"class":84},[66,139632,113],{"class":80},[66,139634,131],{"class":102},[66,139636,139637],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,139638,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,139640,139641,139643,139645,139647],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,139642,138],{"class":137},[66,139644,110],{"class":102},[66,139646,42634],{"class":106},[66,139648,131],{"class":102},[20,139650,148],{},[57,139652,139653],{"className":59,"code":78214,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,139654,139655],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139656,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139658,3652],{"class":102},[66,139660,3044],{"class":80},[66,139662,3832],{"class":84},[66,139664,3044],{"class":80},[66,139666,121],{"class":102},[66,139668,3039],{"class":80},[66,139670,627],{"class":84},[66,139672,3044],{"class":80},[66,139674,121],{"class":102},[66,139676,3039],{"class":80},[66,139678,3849],{"class":84},[66,139680,3044],{"class":80},[66,139682,3383],{"class":102},[20,139684,139685],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[57,139687,139689],{"className":59,"code":139688,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139690,139691,139704,139726,139730],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139692,139693,139695,139697,139699,139702],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139694,73],{"class":72},[66,139696,77],{"class":76},[66,139698,81],{"class":80},[66,139700,139701],{"class":84},"2024::10::31",[66,139703,88],{"class":80},[66,139705,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139707,42603],{"class":72},[66,139709,77],{"class":76},[66,139711,99],{"class":72},[66,139713,103],{"class":102},[66,139715,34237],{"class":106},[66,139717,110],{"class":102},[66,139719,113],{"class":80},[66,139721,76431],{"class":84},[66,139723,113],{"class":80},[66,139725,131],{"class":102},[66,139727,139728],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,139729,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,139731,139732,139734,139736,139738],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,139733,138],{"class":137},[66,139735,110],{"class":102},[66,139737,42634],{"class":106},[66,139739,131],{"class":102},[20,139741,148],{},[57,139743,139745],{"className":59,"code":139744,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139746,139747],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139748,139749,139751,139753,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139773,139775],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139750,3652],{"class":102},[66,139752,3044],{"class":80},[66,139754,139755],{"class":84},"2024",[66,139757,3044],{"class":80},[66,139759,121],{"class":102},[66,139761,3039],{"class":80},[66,139763,2064],{"class":84},[66,139765,3044],{"class":80},[66,139767,121],{"class":102},[66,139769,3039],{"class":80},[66,139771,139772],{"class":84},"31",[66,139774,3044],{"class":80},[66,139776,3383],{"class":102},[20,139778,139779],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139781,139782,139783,103],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[200,139784,128780],{"href":128779},[52,139786,8176,139788],{"id":139787},"using-maxsplit",[15,139789,139196],{},[20,139791,139792,139794],{},[15,139793,139196],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139796,139797],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139799,923],{},[57,139801,139803],{"className":59,"code":139802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139804,139805,139818,139844,139848],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139806,139807,139809,139811,139813,139816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139808,73],{"class":72},[66,139810,77],{"class":76},[66,139812,81],{"class":80},[66,139814,139815],{"class":84},"name:age:city:country",[66,139817,88],{"class":80},[66,139819,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139821,42603],{"class":72},[66,139823,77],{"class":76},[66,139825,99],{"class":72},[66,139827,103],{"class":102},[66,139829,34237],{"class":106},[66,139831,110],{"class":102},[66,139833,113],{"class":80},[66,139835,1111],{"class":84},[66,139837,113],{"class":80},[66,139839,121],{"class":102},[66,139841,561],{"class":478},[66,139843,131],{"class":102},[66,139845,139846],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,139847,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,139849,139850,139852,139854,139856],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,139851,138],{"class":137},[66,139853,110],{"class":102},[66,139855,42634],{"class":106},[66,139857,131],{"class":102},[20,139859,148],{},[57,139861,139863],{"className":59,"code":139862,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139864,139865],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139890,139892],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139868,3652],{"class":102},[66,139870,3044],{"class":80},[66,139872,7423],{"class":84},[66,139874,3044],{"class":80},[66,139876,121],{"class":102},[66,139878,3039],{"class":80},[66,139880,9060],{"class":84},[66,139882,3044],{"class":80},[66,139884,121],{"class":102},[66,139886,3039],{"class":80},[66,139888,139889],{"class":84},"city:country",[66,139891,3044],{"class":80},[66,139893,3383],{"class":102},[20,139895,1912],{},[33,139897,139898,139903,139908],{},[36,139899,139900,139901],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139902,1111],{},[36,139904,139905,139906],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139907,1111],{},[36,139909,139910],{},"then stops",[20,139912,139913],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139915,51847],{},[57,139917,139919],{"className":59,"code":139918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139920,139921,139934],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139922,139923,139925,139927,139929,139932],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139924,73],{"class":72},[66,139926,77],{"class":76},[66,139928,81],{"class":80},[66,139930,139931],{"class":84},"apple banana cherry grape",[66,139933,88],{"class":80},[66,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,139937,138],{"class":137},[66,139939,110],{"class":102},[66,139941,349],{"class":106},[66,139943,103],{"class":102},[66,139945,34237],{"class":106},[66,139947,110],{"class":102},[66,139949,113],{"class":80},[66,139951,81],{"class":80},[66,139953,121],{"class":102},[66,139955,479],{"class":478},[66,139957,1330],{"class":102},[20,139959,148],{},[57,139961,139963],{"className":59,"code":139962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139964,139965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139966,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139982,139984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139968,3652],{"class":102},[66,139970,3044],{"class":80},[66,139972,3832],{"class":84},[66,139974,3044],{"class":80},[66,139976,121],{"class":102},[66,139978,3039],{"class":80},[66,139980,139981],{"class":84},"banana cherry grape",[66,139983,3044],{"class":80},[66,139985,3383],{"class":102},[52,139987,168,139989,904],{"id":139988},"what-split-returns",[15,139990,773],{},[20,139992,139993,139994,139996,139997,103],{},"The result of ",[15,139995,773],{}," is always a ",[398,139998,7851],{},[20,140000,140001],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140003,923],{},[57,140005,140007],{"className":59,"code":140006,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140008,140009,140022,140044,140048,140058,140072],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140010,140011,140013,140015,140017,140020],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140012,73],{"class":72},[66,140014,77],{"class":76},[66,140016,81],{"class":80},[66,140018,140019],{"class":84},"cat,dog,bird",[66,140021,88],{"class":80},[66,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140025,42603],{"class":72},[66,140027,77],{"class":76},[66,140029,99],{"class":72},[66,140031,103],{"class":102},[66,140033,34237],{"class":106},[66,140035,110],{"class":102},[66,140037,113],{"class":80},[66,140039,121],{"class":84},[66,140041,113],{"class":80},[66,140043,131],{"class":102},[66,140045,140046],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,140047,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,140049,140050,140052,140054,140056],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,140051,138],{"class":137},[66,140053,110],{"class":102},[66,140055,42634],{"class":106},[66,140057,131],{"class":102},[66,140059,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,140061,138],{"class":137},[66,140063,110],{"class":102},[66,140065,2964],{"class":2641},[66,140067,110],{"class":102},[66,140069,42634],{"class":106},[66,140071,1330],{"class":102},[66,140073,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,140075,138],{"class":137},[66,140077,110],{"class":102},[66,140079,42634],{"class":106},[66,140081,3652],{"class":102},[66,140083,1852],{"class":478},[66,140085,3640],{"class":102},[20,140087,148],{},[57,140089,140091],{"className":59,"code":140090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140092,140093,140121,140135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140094,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140096,3652],{"class":102},[66,140098,3044],{"class":80},[66,140100,462],{"class":84},[66,140102,3044],{"class":80},[66,140104,121],{"class":102},[66,140106,3039],{"class":80},[66,140108,471],{"class":84},[66,140110,3044],{"class":80},[66,140112,121],{"class":102},[66,140114,3039],{"class":80},[66,140116,57912],{"class":84},[66,140118,3044],{"class":80},[66,140120,3383],{"class":102},[66,140122,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140124,3033],{"class":76},[66,140126,3036],{"class":1797},[66,140128,3039],{"class":80},[66,140130,7851],{"class":84},[66,140132,3044],{"class":80},[66,140134,3047],{"class":76},[66,140136,140137],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,140138,85233],{"class":72},[20,140140,140141],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[33,140143,140144,140147,140150],{},[36,140145,140146],{},"loop over it",[36,140148,140149],{},"access items by index",[36,140151,140152],{},"combine items again later",[20,140154,140155,140156,103],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[200,140157,770,140159,774],{"href":140158},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140160,133173],{},[20,140162,923],{},[57,140164,140166],{"className":59,"code":140165,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140167,140168,140200,140222,140226],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140169,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140171,42603],{"class":72},[66,140173,77],{"class":76},[66,140175,3370],{"class":102},[66,140177,3044],{"class":80},[66,140179,462],{"class":84},[66,140181,3044],{"class":80},[66,140183,121],{"class":102},[66,140185,3039],{"class":80},[66,140187,471],{"class":84},[66,140189,3044],{"class":80},[66,140191,121],{"class":102},[66,140193,3039],{"class":80},[66,140195,57912],{"class":84},[66,140197,3044],{"class":80},[66,140199,3383],{"class":102},[66,140201,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140203,73],{"class":72},[66,140205,77],{"class":76},[66,140207,81],{"class":80},[66,140209,1753],{"class":84},[66,140211,113],{"class":80},[66,140213,103],{"class":102},[66,140215,133250],{"class":106},[66,140217,110],{"class":102},[66,140219,42634],{"class":106},[66,140221,131],{"class":102},[66,140223,140224],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,140225,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,140227,140228,140230,140232,140234],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,140229,138],{"class":137},[66,140231,110],{"class":102},[66,140233,349],{"class":106},[66,140235,131],{"class":102},[20,140237,148],{},[57,140239,140241],{"className":59,"code":140240,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140242,140243],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140244,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140246,462],{"class":72},[66,140248,1753],{"class":76},[66,140250,471],{"class":72},[66,140252,1753],{"class":76},[66,140254,140255],{"class":72},"bird\n",[52,140257,140259],{"id":140258},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140261,140262],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[258,140264,140266],{"id":140265},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[57,140268,140270],{"className":59,"code":140269,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140271,140272,140280],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140273,140274,140276,140278],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140275,73],{"class":72},[66,140277,77],{"class":76},[66,140279,7638],{"class":80},[66,140281,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140283,138],{"class":137},[66,140285,110],{"class":102},[66,140287,349],{"class":106},[66,140289,103],{"class":102},[66,140291,34237],{"class":106},[66,140293,6949],{"class":102},[20,140295,148],{},[57,140297,140298],{"className":59,"code":38063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,140299,140300],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140301,140302],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140303,38063],{"class":102},[258,140305,140307],{"id":140306},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[57,140309,140311],{"className":59,"code":140310,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140312,140313,140321],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140314,140315,140317,140319],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140316,73],{"class":72},[66,140318,77],{"class":76},[66,140320,7638],{"class":80},[66,140322,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140324,138],{"class":137},[66,140326,110],{"class":102},[66,140328,349],{"class":106},[66,140330,103],{"class":102},[66,140332,34237],{"class":106},[66,140334,110],{"class":102},[66,140336,113],{"class":80},[66,140338,121],{"class":84},[66,140340,113],{"class":80},[66,140342,1330],{"class":102},[20,140344,148],{},[57,140346,140348],{"className":59,"code":140347,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['']\n",[15,140349,140350],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140351,140352,140354,140356],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140353,3652],{"class":102},[66,140355,3523],{"class":80},[66,140357,3383],{"class":102},[258,140359,140361],{"id":140360},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140363,140364],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[57,140366,140368],{"className":59,"code":140367,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140369,140370,140382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140371,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140373,73],{"class":72},[66,140375,77],{"class":76},[66,140377,81],{"class":80},[66,140379,939],{"class":84},[66,140381,88],{"class":80},[66,140383,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140385,138],{"class":137},[66,140387,110],{"class":102},[66,140389,349],{"class":106},[66,140391,103],{"class":102},[66,140393,34237],{"class":106},[66,140395,110],{"class":102},[66,140397,113],{"class":80},[66,140399,121],{"class":84},[66,140401,113],{"class":80},[66,140403,1330],{"class":102},[20,140405,148],{},[57,140407,140409],{"className":59,"code":140408,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['hello']\n",[15,140410,140411],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140412,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140414,3652],{"class":102},[66,140416,3044],{"class":80},[66,140418,939],{"class":84},[66,140420,3044],{"class":80},[66,140422,3383],{"class":102},[52,140424,4715,140426],{"id":140425},"when-to-use-split",[15,140427,773],{},[20,140429,160,140430,140432],{},[15,140431,773],{}," when you need to:",[33,140434,140435,140438,140441],{},[36,140436,140437],{},"split a sentence into words",[36,140439,140440],{},"split comma-separated values",[36,140442,140443],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140445,140446],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[33,140448,140449,140452,140455],{},[36,140450,140451],{},"cleaning text",[36,140453,140454],{},"parsing user input",[36,140456,140457],{},"processing simple file content",[52,140459,2568],{"id":2567},[20,140461,84004],{},[33,140463,140464,140468,140474,140477,140485],{},[36,140465,50273,140466,1122],{},[15,140467,773],{},[36,140469,140470,140471,140473],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140472,773],{}," returns a list, not a string",[36,140475,140476],{},"using the wrong separator",[36,140478,140479,140480,140482,140483],{},"assuming ",[15,140481,139419],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140484,773],{},[36,140486,140487],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140489,140490],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[57,140492,140494],{"className":59,"code":140493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140495,140496,140508,140526,140530],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140497,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140499,73],{"class":72},[66,140501,77],{"class":76},[66,140503,81],{"class":80},[66,140505,42596],{"class":84},[66,140507,88],{"class":80},[66,140509,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140511,349],{"class":72},[66,140513,103],{"class":102},[66,140515,34237],{"class":106},[66,140517,110],{"class":102},[66,140519,113],{"class":80},[66,140521,121],{"class":84},[66,140523,113],{"class":80},[66,140525,131],{"class":102},[66,140527,140528],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,140529,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,140531,140532,140534,140536,140538],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,140533,138],{"class":137},[66,140535,110],{"class":102},[66,140537,349],{"class":106},[66,140539,131],{"class":102},[20,140541,148],{},[57,140543,140545],{"className":59,"code":140544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a,b,c\n",[15,140546,140547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140548,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140550,200],{"class":72},[66,140552,121],{"class":102},[66,140554,4514],{"class":72},[66,140556,121],{"class":102},[66,140558,69010],{"class":72},[20,140560,140561],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140563,1209],{},[57,140565,140566],{"className":59,"code":42583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,140567,140568,140580,140602,140606],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140569,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140571,73],{"class":72},[66,140573,77],{"class":76},[66,140575,81],{"class":80},[66,140577,42596],{"class":84},[66,140579,88],{"class":80},[66,140581,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140583,42603],{"class":72},[66,140585,77],{"class":76},[66,140587,99],{"class":72},[66,140589,103],{"class":102},[66,140591,34237],{"class":106},[66,140593,110],{"class":102},[66,140595,113],{"class":80},[66,140597,121],{"class":84},[66,140599,113],{"class":80},[66,140601,131],{"class":102},[66,140603,140604],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,140605,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,140607,140608,140610,140612,140614],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,140609,138],{"class":137},[66,140611,110],{"class":102},[66,140613,42634],{"class":106},[66,140615,131],{"class":102},[20,140617,148],{},[57,140619,140620],{"className":59,"code":42641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,140621,140622],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140623,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140625,3652],{"class":102},[66,140627,3044],{"class":80},[66,140629,200],{"class":84},[66,140631,3044],{"class":80},[66,140633,121],{"class":102},[66,140635,3039],{"class":80},[66,140637,4514],{"class":84},[66,140639,3044],{"class":80},[66,140641,121],{"class":102},[66,140643,3039],{"class":80},[66,140645,9501],{"class":84},[66,140647,3044],{"class":80},[66,140649,3383],{"class":102},[20,140651,140652],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[57,140654,140656],{"className":59,"code":140655,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140657,140658,140671,140693,140697],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140659,140660,140662,140664,140666,140669],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140661,73],{"class":72},[66,140663,77],{"class":76},[66,140665,81],{"class":80},[66,140667,140668],{"class":84},"apple,banana",[66,140670,88],{"class":80},[66,140672,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140674,42603],{"class":72},[66,140676,77],{"class":76},[66,140678,99],{"class":72},[66,140680,103],{"class":102},[66,140682,34237],{"class":106},[66,140684,110],{"class":102},[66,140686,113],{"class":80},[66,140688,121],{"class":84},[66,140690,113],{"class":80},[66,140692,131],{"class":102},[66,140694,140695],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,140696,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,140698,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,140700,138],{"class":137},[66,140702,110],{"class":102},[66,140704,42634],{"class":106},[66,140706,3652],{"class":102},[66,140708,1788],{"class":478},[66,140710,3640],{"class":102},[20,140712,140713,140714,103],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[200,140715,69023],{"href":69022},[258,140717,60475],{"id":60474},[20,140719,8635,140720,140722],{},[15,140721,773],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[57,140724,140726],{"className":59,"code":140725,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140727,140728,140738,140752,140774,140800],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140729,140730,140732,140734,140736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140731,138],{"class":137},[66,140733,110],{"class":102},[66,140735,349],{"class":106},[66,140737,131],{"class":102},[66,140739,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,140741,138],{"class":137},[66,140743,110],{"class":102},[66,140745,349],{"class":106},[66,140747,103],{"class":102},[66,140749,34237],{"class":106},[66,140751,6949],{"class":102},[66,140753,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770,140772],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,140755,138],{"class":137},[66,140757,110],{"class":102},[66,140759,349],{"class":106},[66,140761,103],{"class":102},[66,140763,34237],{"class":106},[66,140765,110],{"class":102},[66,140767,3044],{"class":80},[66,140769,121],{"class":84},[66,140771,3044],{"class":80},[66,140773,1330],{"class":102},[66,140775,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140796,140798],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,140777,138],{"class":137},[66,140779,110],{"class":102},[66,140781,10924],{"class":137},[66,140783,110],{"class":102},[66,140785,349],{"class":106},[66,140787,103],{"class":102},[66,140789,34237],{"class":106},[66,140791,110],{"class":102},[66,140793,3044],{"class":80},[66,140795,121],{"class":84},[66,140797,3044],{"class":80},[66,140799,2652],{"class":102},[66,140801,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,140803,138],{"class":137},[66,140805,110],{"class":102},[66,140807,2964],{"class":2641},[66,140809,110],{"class":102},[66,140811,349],{"class":106},[66,140813,103],{"class":102},[66,140815,34237],{"class":106},[66,140817,110],{"class":102},[66,140819,3044],{"class":80},[66,140821,121],{"class":84},[66,140823,3044],{"class":80},[66,140825,2652],{"class":102},[20,140827,10933],{},[33,140829,140830,140833,140836,140839],{},[36,140831,140832],{},"what the original string looks like",[36,140834,140835],{},"which separator works",[36,140837,140838],{},"how many items were created",[36,140840,140841],{},"that the result is a list",[52,140843,1518],{"id":1517},[258,140845,4934,140847,798,140849,2228],{"id":140846},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140848,773],{},[15,140850,139419],{},[20,140852,140853,140855],{},[15,140854,773],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140857,140858,140860],{},[15,140859,139419],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[258,140862,1522,140864,1525],{"id":140863},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140865,773],{},[20,140867,140868,140869,56247],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140870,773],{},[258,140872,4897,140874,39727],{"id":140873},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140875,139196],{},[20,140877,140878],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[258,140880,140882],{"id":140881},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140884,28827,140885,140887],{},[15,140886,773],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[52,140889,1620],{"id":1619},[33,140891,140892,140896,140902,140908,140912],{},[36,140893,140894],{},[200,140895,129699],{"href":128779},[36,140897,140898],{},[200,140899,770,140900,774],{"href":140158},[15,140901,133173],{},[36,140903,140904],{},[200,140905,770,140906,774],{"href":778},[15,140907,781],{},[36,140909,140910],{},[200,140911,203],{"href":202},[36,140913,140914],{},[200,140915,69023],{"href":69022},[1651,140917,140918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":140920},[140921,140922,140924,140925,140930,140931,140933,140935,140940,140942,140945,140954],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":139026,"depth":91,"text":140923},"What split() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":139274,"depth":91,"text":140926,"children":140927},"Using split() with no separator",[140928],{"id":139414,"depth":134,"text":140929},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139577,"depth":91,"text":139578},{"id":139787,"depth":91,"text":140932},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139988,"depth":91,"text":140934},"What split() returns",{"id":140258,"depth":91,"text":140259,"children":140936},[140937,140938,140939],{"id":140265,"depth":134,"text":140266},{"id":140306,"depth":134,"text":140307},{"id":140360,"depth":134,"text":140361},{"id":140425,"depth":91,"text":140941},"When to use split()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":140943},[140944],{"id":60474,"depth":134,"text":60475},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":140946},[140947,140949,140951,140953],{"id":140846,"depth":134,"text":140948},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140863,"depth":134,"text":140950},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140873,"depth":134,"text":140952},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140881,"depth":134,"text":140882},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138935,"description":140955},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140962,"title":140963,"body":140964,"description":142907,"extension":1694,"meta":142908,"navigation":338,"path":142909,"seo":142910,"stem":142911,"__hash__":142912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140965,"toc":142866},[140966,140971,140976,140983,141056,141061,141066,141071,141087,141089,141159,141161,141163,141183,141185,141230,141235,141237,141335,141340,141344,141349,141353,141356,141398,141402,141405,141450,141454,141457,141507,141511,141516,141568,141570,141575,141586,141591,141671,141673,141685,141694,141701,141716,141718,141833,141839,141843,141846,141851,141993,141996,142003,142005,142009,142017,142086,142092,142141,142146,142151,142153,142173,142175,142241,142243,142247,142250,142254,142295,142297,142330,142335,142338,142365,142367,142410,142417,142422,142432,142498,142502,142510,142515,142566,142570,142573,142575,142584,142586,142636,142638,142745,142747,142752,142759,142765,142768,142799,142804,142806,142813,142821,142830,142833,142835,142863],[10,140967,13,140969,18],{"id":140968},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140970,127465],{},[20,140972,22,140973,140975],{},[15,140974,127465],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140977,126165,140978,2617,140980,140982],{},[15,140979,3350],{},[15,140981,3424],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[57,140984,140986],{"className":59,"code":140985,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140987,140988,141001,141005,141030],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140989,140990,140992,140994,140996,140999],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140991,73],{"class":72},[66,140993,77],{"class":76},[66,140995,81],{"class":80},[66,140997,140998],{"class":84},"Python Beginner Help",[66,141000,88],{"class":80},[66,141002,141003],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141004,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141018,141020,141022,141024,141026,141028],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,141008,138],{"class":137},[66,141010,110],{"class":102},[66,141012,349],{"class":106},[66,141014,103],{"class":102},[66,141016,141017],{"class":106},"startswith",[66,141019,110],{"class":102},[66,141021,113],{"class":80},[66,141023,1047],{"class":84},[66,141025,113],{"class":80},[66,141027,5117],{"class":102},[66,141029,43621],{"class":3413},[66,141031,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141049,141051,141053],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,141033,138],{"class":137},[66,141035,110],{"class":102},[66,141037,349],{"class":106},[66,141039,103],{"class":102},[66,141041,141017],{"class":106},[66,141043,110],{"class":102},[66,141045,113],{"class":80},[66,141047,141048],{"class":84},"Beginner",[66,141050,113],{"class":80},[66,141052,5117],{"class":102},[66,141054,141055],{"class":3413}," # False\n",[20,141057,160,141058,141060],{},[15,141059,127465],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[52,141062,168,141064,41],{"id":141063},"what-startswith-does",[15,141065,127465],{},[20,141067,141068,141070],{},[15,141069,127465],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[33,141072,141073,141076,141082,141084],{},[36,141074,141075],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[36,141077,4903,141078,2617,141080],{},[15,141079,3350],{},[15,141081,3424],{},[36,141083,123255],{},[36,141085,141086],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141088,923],{},[57,141090,141092],{"className":59,"code":141091,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141093,141094,141106,141110,141135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141095,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141097,7633],{"class":72},[66,141099,77],{"class":76},[66,141101,81],{"class":80},[66,141103,1047],{"class":84},[66,141105,88],{"class":80},[66,141107,141108],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141109,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,141111,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122,141124,141126,141129,141131,141133],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,141113,138],{"class":137},[66,141115,110],{"class":102},[66,141117,7423],{"class":106},[66,141119,103],{"class":102},[66,141121,141017],{"class":106},[66,141123,110],{"class":102},[66,141125,113],{"class":80},[66,141127,141128],{"class":84},"Py",[66,141130,113],{"class":80},[66,141132,5117],{"class":102},[66,141134,43621],{"class":3413},[66,141136,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,141138,138],{"class":137},[66,141140,110],{"class":102},[66,141142,7423],{"class":106},[66,141144,103],{"class":102},[66,141146,141017],{"class":106},[66,141148,110],{"class":102},[66,141150,113],{"class":80},[66,141152,128542],{"class":84},[66,141154,113],{"class":80},[66,141156,5117],{"class":102},[66,141158,43638],{"class":3413},[52,141160,1891],{"id":1890},[20,141162,42151],{},[57,141164,141166],{"className":59,"code":141165,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141167,141168],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141169,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178,141181],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141171,217],{"class":72},[66,141173,103],{"class":102},[66,141175,141017],{"class":106},[66,141177,110],{"class":102},[66,141179,141180],{"class":106},"prefix",[66,141182,131],{"class":102},[20,141184,30531],{},[57,141186,141188],{"className":59,"code":141187,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141189,141190,141208],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141191,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141193,217],{"class":72},[66,141195,103],{"class":102},[66,141197,141017],{"class":106},[66,141199,110],{"class":102},[66,141201,141180],{"class":106},[66,141203,121],{"class":102},[66,141205,35818],{"class":106},[66,141207,131],{"class":102},[66,141209,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224,141226,141228],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141211,217],{"class":72},[66,141213,103],{"class":102},[66,141215,141017],{"class":106},[66,141217,110],{"class":102},[66,141219,141180],{"class":106},[66,141221,121],{"class":102},[66,141223,35818],{"class":106},[66,141225,121],{"class":102},[66,141227,64804],{"class":106},[66,141229,131],{"class":102},[20,141231,20534,141232,141234],{},[15,141233,141180],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141236,923],{},[57,141238,141240],{"className":59,"code":141239,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141241,141242,141254,141258,141283,141307],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141243,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141245,73],{"class":72},[66,141247,77],{"class":76},[66,141249,81],{"class":80},[66,141251,1017],{"class":84},[66,141253,88],{"class":80},[66,141255,141256],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141257,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,141259,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,141261,138],{"class":137},[66,141263,110],{"class":102},[66,141265,349],{"class":106},[66,141267,103],{"class":102},[66,141269,141017],{"class":106},[66,141271,110],{"class":102},[66,141273,113],{"class":80},[66,141275,939],{"class":84},[66,141277,113],{"class":80},[66,141279,5117],{"class":102},[66,141281,141282],{"class":3413},"      # True\n",[66,141284,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303,141305],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,141286,138],{"class":137},[66,141288,110],{"class":102},[66,141290,349],{"class":106},[66,141292,103],{"class":102},[66,141294,141017],{"class":106},[66,141296,110],{"class":102},[66,141298,113],{"class":80},[66,141300,1038],{"class":84},[66,141302,113],{"class":80},[66,141304,5117],{"class":102},[66,141306,20964],{"class":3413},[66,141308,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,141310,138],{"class":137},[66,141312,110],{"class":102},[66,141314,349],{"class":106},[66,141316,103],{"class":102},[66,141318,141017],{"class":106},[66,141320,110],{"class":102},[66,141322,113],{"class":80},[66,141324,1038],{"class":84},[66,141326,113],{"class":80},[66,141328,121],{"class":102},[66,141330,37409],{"class":478},[66,141332,5117],{"class":102},[66,141334,43621],{"class":3413},[20,141336,141337,141338,103],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[200,141339,203],{"href":202},[52,141341,141343],{"id":141342},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141345,141346,141348],{},[15,141347,127465],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[258,141350,141351],{"id":141180},[15,141352,141180],{},[20,141354,141355],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[57,141357,141359],{"className":59,"code":141358,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141360,141361,141373],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141362,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141364,73],{"class":72},[66,141366,77],{"class":76},[66,141368,81],{"class":80},[66,141370,627],{"class":84},[66,141372,88],{"class":80},[66,141374,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141392,141394,141396],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141376,138],{"class":137},[66,141378,110],{"class":102},[66,141380,349],{"class":106},[66,141382,103],{"class":102},[66,141384,141017],{"class":106},[66,141386,110],{"class":102},[66,141388,113],{"class":80},[66,141390,141391],{"class":84},"ban",[66,141393,113],{"class":80},[66,141395,5117],{"class":102},[66,141397,3414],{"class":3413},[258,141399,141400],{"id":35839},[15,141401,35839],{},[20,141403,141404],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[57,141406,141408],{"className":59,"code":141407,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141409,141410,141422],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141411,141412,141414,141416,141418,141420],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141413,73],{"class":72},[66,141415,77],{"class":76},[66,141417,81],{"class":80},[66,141419,1017],{"class":84},[66,141421,88],{"class":80},[66,141423,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141425,138],{"class":137},[66,141427,110],{"class":102},[66,141429,349],{"class":106},[66,141431,103],{"class":102},[66,141433,141017],{"class":106},[66,141435,110],{"class":102},[66,141437,113],{"class":80},[66,141439,1038],{"class":84},[66,141441,113],{"class":80},[66,141443,121],{"class":102},[66,141445,37409],{"class":478},[66,141447,5117],{"class":102},[66,141449,3414],{"class":3413},[258,141451,141452],{"id":52428},[15,141453,52428],{},[20,141455,141456],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[57,141458,141460],{"className":59,"code":141459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141461,141462,141474],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141463,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141465,73],{"class":72},[66,141467,77],{"class":76},[66,141469,81],{"class":80},[66,141471,1017],{"class":84},[66,141473,88],{"class":80},[66,141475,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141477,138],{"class":137},[66,141479,110],{"class":102},[66,141481,349],{"class":106},[66,141483,103],{"class":102},[66,141485,141017],{"class":106},[66,141487,110],{"class":102},[66,141489,113],{"class":80},[66,141491,141492],{"class":84},"wor",[66,141494,113],{"class":80},[66,141496,121],{"class":102},[66,141498,37409],{"class":478},[66,141500,121],{"class":102},[66,141502,53904],{"class":478},[66,141504,5117],{"class":102},[66,141506,3414],{"class":3413},[258,141508,141510],{"id":141509},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141512,141513,141515],{},[15,141514,141180],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[57,141517,141519],{"className":59,"code":141518,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141520,141521,141534],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141522,141523,141525,141527,141529,141532],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141524,126182],{"class":72},[66,141526,77],{"class":76},[66,141528,81],{"class":80},[66,141530,141531],{"class":84},"img_001.png",[66,141533,88],{"class":80},[66,141535,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141553,141555,141557,141559,141562,141564,141566],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141537,138],{"class":137},[66,141539,110],{"class":102},[66,141541,126200],{"class":106},[66,141543,103],{"class":102},[66,141545,141017],{"class":106},[66,141547,5264],{"class":102},[66,141549,113],{"class":80},[66,141551,141552],{"class":84},"img_",[66,141554,113],{"class":80},[66,141556,121],{"class":102},[66,141558,81],{"class":80},[66,141560,141561],{"class":84},"photo_",[66,141563,113],{"class":80},[66,141565,50858],{"class":102},[66,141567,3414],{"class":3413},[52,141569,17180],{"id":17179},[20,141571,141572,141574],{},[15,141573,127465],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[33,141576,141577,141582],{},[36,141578,141579,141581],{},[15,141580,3350],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[36,141583,141584,126784],{},[15,141585,3424],{},[20,141587,141588,141589,6927],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141590,6752],{},[57,141592,141594],{"className":59,"code":141593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141595,141596,141610,141614,141635,141650,141656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141597,141598,141601,141603,141605,141608],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141599,141600],{"class":72},"command ",[66,141602,77],{"class":76},[66,141604,81],{"class":80},[66,141606,141607],{"class":84},"\u002Fhelp",[66,141609,88],{"class":80},[66,141611,141612],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141613,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,141615,141616,141618,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,141617,6752],{"class":3627},[66,141619,141620],{"class":72}," command",[66,141622,103],{"class":102},[66,141624,141017],{"class":106},[66,141626,110],{"class":102},[66,141628,113],{"class":80},[66,141630,126991],{"class":84},[66,141632,113],{"class":80},[66,141634,8100],{"class":102},[66,141636,141637,141639,141641,141643,141646,141648],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,141638,7826],{"class":137},[66,141640,110],{"class":102},[66,141642,113],{"class":80},[66,141644,141645],{"class":84},"This looks like a command.",[66,141647,113],{"class":80},[66,141649,131],{"class":102},[66,141651,141652,141654],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,141653,27199],{"class":3627},[66,141655,6146],{"class":102},[66,141657,141658,141660,141662,141664,141667,141669],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,141659,7826],{"class":137},[66,141661,110],{"class":102},[66,141663,113],{"class":80},[66,141665,141666],{"class":84},"This is normal text.",[66,141668,113],{"class":80},[66,141670,131],{"class":102},[20,141672,148],{},[57,141674,141676],{"className":59,"code":141675,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141677,141678],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141679,141680,141683],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141681,141682],{"class":72},"This looks like a command",[66,141684,122146],{"class":102},[52,141686,8176,141688,8464,141690,798,141692],{"id":141687},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141689,127465],{},[15,141691,35839],{},[15,141693,52428],{},[20,141695,1711,141696,798,141698,141700],{},[15,141697,35839],{},[15,141699,52428],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[33,141702,141703,141708,141713],{},[36,141704,141705,141707],{},[15,141706,35839],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[36,141709,141710,141712],{},[15,141711,52428],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[36,141714,141715],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141717,923],{},[57,141719,141721],{"className":59,"code":141720,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141722,141723,141735,141739,141768,141801],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141724,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141726,73],{"class":72},[66,141728,77],{"class":76},[66,141730,81],{"class":80},[66,141732,139220],{"class":84},[66,141734,88],{"class":80},[66,141736,141737],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141738,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,141740,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,141742,138],{"class":137},[66,141744,110],{"class":102},[66,141746,349],{"class":106},[66,141748,103],{"class":102},[66,141750,141017],{"class":106},[66,141752,110],{"class":102},[66,141754,113],{"class":80},[66,141756,79035],{"class":84},[66,141758,113],{"class":80},[66,141760,121],{"class":102},[66,141762,2192],{"class":478},[66,141764,5117],{"class":102},[66,141766,141767],{"class":3413},"        # True\n",[66,141769,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141797,141799],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,141771,138],{"class":137},[66,141773,110],{"class":102},[66,141775,349],{"class":106},[66,141777,103],{"class":102},[66,141779,141017],{"class":106},[66,141781,110],{"class":102},[66,141783,113],{"class":80},[66,141785,133976],{"class":84},[66,141787,113],{"class":80},[66,141789,121],{"class":102},[66,141791,6112],{"class":478},[66,141793,121],{"class":102},[66,141795,141796],{"class":478}," 13",[66,141798,5117],{"class":102},[66,141800,3414],{"class":3413},[66,141802,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,141804,138],{"class":137},[66,141806,110],{"class":102},[66,141808,349],{"class":106},[66,141810,103],{"class":102},[66,141812,141017],{"class":106},[66,141814,110],{"class":102},[66,141816,113],{"class":80},[66,141818,133976],{"class":84},[66,141820,113],{"class":80},[66,141822,121],{"class":102},[66,141824,6112],{"class":478},[66,141826,121],{"class":102},[66,141828,30710],{"class":478},[66,141830,5117],{"class":102},[66,141832,4525],{"class":3413},[20,141834,141835,141836,141838],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141837,52428],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[52,141840,141842],{"id":141841},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141844,141845],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141847,141848,141849,49116],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141850,40604],{},[57,141852,141854],{"className":59,"code":141853,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141855,141856,141870,141884,141898,141902,141926,141930,141951,141972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141857,141858,141861,141863,141865,141868],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141859,141860],{"class":72},"filename1 ",[66,141862,77],{"class":76},[66,141864,81],{"class":80},[66,141866,141867],{"class":84},"img_101.jpg",[66,141869,88],{"class":80},[66,141871,141872,141875,141877,141879,141882],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,141873,141874],{"class":72},"filename2 ",[66,141876,77],{"class":76},[66,141878,81],{"class":80},[66,141880,141881],{"class":84},"photo_202.jpg",[66,141883,88],{"class":80},[66,141885,141886,141889,141891,141893,141896],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,141887,141888],{"class":72},"filename3 ",[66,141890,77],{"class":76},[66,141892,81],{"class":80},[66,141894,141895],{"class":84},"doc_303.jpg",[66,141897,88],{"class":80},[66,141899,141900],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,141901,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,141903,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,141905,127392],{"class":72},[66,141907,77],{"class":76},[66,141909,8997],{"class":102},[66,141911,113],{"class":80},[66,141913,141552],{"class":84},[66,141915,113],{"class":80},[66,141917,121],{"class":102},[66,141919,81],{"class":80},[66,141921,141561],{"class":84},[66,141923,113],{"class":80},[66,141925,131],{"class":102},[66,141927,141928],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,141929,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,141931,141932,141934,141936,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,141933,138],{"class":137},[66,141935,110],{"class":102},[66,141937,141938],{"class":106},"filename1",[66,141940,103],{"class":102},[66,141942,141017],{"class":106},[66,141944,110],{"class":102},[66,141946,127444],{"class":106},[66,141948,5117],{"class":102},[66,141950,3414],{"class":3413},[66,141952,141953,141955,141957,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,141954,138],{"class":137},[66,141956,110],{"class":102},[66,141958,141959],{"class":106},"filename2",[66,141961,103],{"class":102},[66,141963,141017],{"class":106},[66,141965,110],{"class":102},[66,141967,127444],{"class":106},[66,141969,5117],{"class":102},[66,141971,3414],{"class":3413},[66,141973,141974,141976,141978,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,141975,138],{"class":137},[66,141977,110],{"class":102},[66,141979,141980],{"class":106},"filename3",[66,141982,103],{"class":102},[66,141984,141017],{"class":106},[66,141986,110],{"class":102},[66,141988,127444],{"class":106},[66,141990,5117],{"class":102},[66,141992,4525],{"class":3413},[20,141994,141995],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141997,74536,141998,142002],{},[200,141999,770,142000,774],{"href":129688},[15,142001,126157],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[52,142004,786],{"id":785},[20,142006,142007,791],{},[15,142008,127465],{},[20,142010,794,142011,798,142014,802],{},[15,142012,142013],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142015,142016],{},"\"python\"",[57,142018,142020],{"className":59,"code":142019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142021,142022,142034,142038,142062],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142023,142024,142026,142028,142030,142032],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142025,73],{"class":72},[66,142027,77],{"class":76},[66,142029,81],{"class":80},[66,142031,1047],{"class":84},[66,142033,88],{"class":80},[66,142035,142036],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142037,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,142039,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142041,138],{"class":137},[66,142043,110],{"class":102},[66,142045,349],{"class":106},[66,142047,103],{"class":102},[66,142049,141017],{"class":106},[66,142051,110],{"class":102},[66,142053,113],{"class":80},[66,142055,141128],{"class":84},[66,142057,113],{"class":80},[66,142059,5117],{"class":102},[66,142061,3414],{"class":3413},[66,142063,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,142065,138],{"class":137},[66,142067,110],{"class":102},[66,142069,349],{"class":106},[66,142071,103],{"class":102},[66,142073,141017],{"class":106},[66,142075,110],{"class":102},[66,142077,113],{"class":80},[66,142079,128542],{"class":84},[66,142081,113],{"class":80},[66,142083,5117],{"class":102},[66,142085,4525],{"class":3413},[20,142087,127234,142088,103],{},[200,142089,142090],{"href":895},[15,142091,898],{},[57,142093,142095],{"className":59,"code":142094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142096,142097,142109,142113],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142098,142099,142101,142103,142105,142107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142100,73],{"class":72},[66,142102,77],{"class":76},[66,142104,81],{"class":80},[66,142106,1047],{"class":84},[66,142108,88],{"class":80},[66,142110,142111],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142112,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,142114,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137,142139],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142116,138],{"class":137},[66,142118,110],{"class":102},[66,142120,349],{"class":106},[66,142122,103],{"class":102},[66,142124,8399],{"class":106},[66,142126,8396],{"class":102},[66,142128,141017],{"class":106},[66,142130,110],{"class":102},[66,142132,113],{"class":80},[66,142134,128542],{"class":84},[66,142136,113],{"class":80},[66,142138,5117],{"class":102},[66,142140,3414],{"class":3413},[52,142142,4715,142144],{"id":142143},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142145,127465],{},[20,142147,142148,142150],{},[15,142149,127465],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142152,9135],{},[33,142154,142155,142158,142161,142170],{},[36,142156,142157],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[36,142159,142160],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[36,142162,142163,142164,2617,142167],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142165,142166],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142168,142169],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[36,142171,142172],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142174,923],{},[57,142176,142178],{"className":59,"code":142177,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142179,142180,142193,142197,142226],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142181,142182,142184,142186,142188,142191],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142183,126962],{"class":72},[66,142185,77],{"class":76},[66,142187,81],{"class":80},[66,142189,142190],{"class":84},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[66,142192,88],{"class":80},[66,142194,142195],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142196,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,142198,142199,142201,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142200,6752],{"class":3627},[66,142202,142203],{"class":72}," url",[66,142205,103],{"class":102},[66,142207,141017],{"class":106},[66,142209,5264],{"class":102},[66,142211,113],{"class":80},[66,142213,142166],{"class":84},[66,142215,113],{"class":80},[66,142217,121],{"class":102},[66,142219,81],{"class":80},[66,142221,142169],{"class":84},[66,142223,113],{"class":80},[66,142225,69327],{"class":102},[66,142227,142228,142230,142232,142234,142237,142239],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,142229,7826],{"class":137},[66,142231,110],{"class":102},[66,142233,113],{"class":80},[66,142235,142236],{"class":84},"This looks like a web URL.",[66,142238,113],{"class":80},[66,142240,131],{"class":102},[52,142242,2568],{"id":2567},[20,142244,22859,142245,103],{},[15,142246,127465],{},[258,142248,1125],{"id":142249},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142251,142252,791],{},[15,142253,127465],{},[57,142255,142257],{"className":59,"code":142256,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142258,142259,142271],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142260,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142262,73],{"class":72},[66,142264,77],{"class":76},[66,142266,81],{"class":80},[66,142268,1047],{"class":84},[66,142270,88],{"class":80},[66,142272,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142274,138],{"class":137},[66,142276,110],{"class":102},[66,142278,349],{"class":106},[66,142280,103],{"class":102},[66,142282,141017],{"class":106},[66,142284,110],{"class":102},[66,142286,113],{"class":80},[66,142288,61],{"class":84},[66,142290,113],{"class":80},[66,142292,5117],{"class":102},[66,142294,4525],{"class":3413},[20,142296,39028],{},[57,142298,142300],{"className":59,"code":142299,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142301,142302],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142303,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142305,138],{"class":137},[66,142307,110],{"class":102},[66,142309,349],{"class":106},[66,142311,103],{"class":102},[66,142313,8399],{"class":106},[66,142315,8396],{"class":102},[66,142317,141017],{"class":106},[66,142319,110],{"class":102},[66,142321,113],{"class":80},[66,142323,61],{"class":84},[66,142325,113],{"class":80},[66,142327,5117],{"class":102},[66,142329,3414],{"class":3413},[258,142331,29416,142333,137009],{"id":142332},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142334,127465],{},[20,142336,142337],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[57,142339,142341],{"className":59,"code":142340,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142342,142343,142351,142355,142360],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142344,142345,142347,142349],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142346,2181],{"class":72},[66,142348,77],{"class":76},[66,142350,124784],{"class":478},[66,142352,142353],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142354,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,142356,142357],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142358,142359],{"class":3413},"# This will cause an error:\n",[66,142361,142362],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,142363,142364],{"class":3413},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142366,39028],{},[57,142368,142370],{"className":59,"code":142369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142371,142372,142386],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142373,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142375,2181],{"class":72},[66,142377,77],{"class":76},[66,142379,48672],{"class":2641},[66,142381,110],{"class":102},[66,142383,50013],{"class":478},[66,142385,131],{"class":102},[66,142387,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142389,138],{"class":137},[66,142391,110],{"class":102},[66,142393,2208],{"class":106},[66,142395,103],{"class":102},[66,142397,141017],{"class":106},[66,142399,110],{"class":102},[66,142401,113],{"class":80},[66,142403,2729],{"class":84},[66,142405,113],{"class":80},[66,142407,5117],{"class":102},[66,142409,3414],{"class":3413},[258,142411,1128,142413,8464,142415],{"id":142412},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142414,127465],{},[15,142416,3634],{},[20,142418,142419,142421],{},[15,142420,127465],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142423,142424,142425,142427,142428,103],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142426,3634],{}," or methods like ",[200,142429,142430],{"href":124117},[15,142431,124102],{},[57,142433,142435],{"className":59,"code":142434,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142436,142437,142449,142453,142477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142438,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142440,73],{"class":72},[66,142442,77],{"class":76},[66,142444,81],{"class":80},[66,142446,1017],{"class":84},[66,142448,88],{"class":80},[66,142450,142451],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142452,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,142454,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142456,138],{"class":137},[66,142458,110],{"class":102},[66,142460,349],{"class":106},[66,142462,103],{"class":102},[66,142464,141017],{"class":106},[66,142466,110],{"class":102},[66,142468,113],{"class":80},[66,142470,1038],{"class":84},[66,142472,113],{"class":80},[66,142474,5117],{"class":102},[66,142476,4525],{"class":3413},[66,142478,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,142480,138],{"class":137},[66,142482,110],{"class":102},[66,142484,113],{"class":80},[66,142486,1038],{"class":84},[66,142488,113],{"class":80},[66,142490,20937],{"class":3627},[66,142492,99],{"class":106},[66,142494,3410],{"class":102},[66,142496,142497],{"class":3413},"           # True\n",[20,142499,135564,142500,103],{},[200,142501,127135],{"href":123367},[258,142503,4457,142505,798,142507,142509],{"id":142504},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142506,35839],{},[15,142508,52428],{}," use index positions",[20,142511,142512,142513,103],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142514,1852],{},[57,142516,142518],{"className":59,"code":142517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142519,142520,142533,142537],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142521,142522,142524,142526,142528,142531],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142523,73],{"class":72},[66,142525,77],{"class":76},[66,142527,81],{"class":80},[66,142529,142530],{"class":84},"abcdef",[66,142532,88],{"class":80},[66,142534,142535],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142536,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,142538,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142540,138],{"class":137},[66,142542,110],{"class":102},[66,142544,349],{"class":106},[66,142546,103],{"class":102},[66,142548,141017],{"class":106},[66,142550,110],{"class":102},[66,142552,113],{"class":80},[66,142554,142555],{"class":84},"cd",[66,142557,113],{"class":80},[66,142559,121],{"class":102},[66,142561,561],{"class":478},[66,142563,5117],{"class":102},[66,142565,3414],{"class":3413},[258,142567,142569],{"id":142568},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142571,142572],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142574,16406],{},[57,142576,142578],{"className":59,"code":142577,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142579,142580],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142581,142582],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142583,142577],{"class":3413},[20,142585,16418],{},[57,142587,142589],{"className":59,"code":142588,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142590,142591,142603],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142592,142593,142595,142597,142599,142601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142594,73],{"class":72},[66,142596,77],{"class":76},[66,142598,81],{"class":80},[66,142600,1047],{"class":84},[66,142602,88],{"class":80},[66,142604,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627,142630,142632,142634],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142606,138],{"class":137},[66,142608,110],{"class":102},[66,142610,349],{"class":106},[66,142612,103],{"class":102},[66,142614,141017],{"class":106},[66,142616,5264],{"class":102},[66,142618,113],{"class":80},[66,142620,141128],{"class":84},[66,142622,113],{"class":80},[66,142624,121],{"class":102},[66,142626,81],{"class":80},[66,142628,142629],{"class":84},"Ja",[66,142631,113],{"class":80},[66,142633,50858],{"class":102},[66,142635,3414],{"class":3413},[20,142637,31850],{},[57,142639,142641],{"className":59,"code":142640,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142642,142643,142653,142667,142689,142715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142644,142645,142647,142649,142651],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142646,138],{"class":137},[66,142648,110],{"class":102},[66,142650,349],{"class":106},[66,142652,131],{"class":102},[66,142654,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142656,138],{"class":137},[66,142658,110],{"class":102},[66,142660,2964],{"class":2641},[66,142662,110],{"class":102},[66,142664,349],{"class":106},[66,142666,1330],{"class":102},[66,142668,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142670,138],{"class":137},[66,142672,110],{"class":102},[66,142674,349],{"class":106},[66,142676,103],{"class":102},[66,142678,141017],{"class":106},[66,142680,110],{"class":102},[66,142682,113],{"class":80},[66,142684,141128],{"class":84},[66,142686,113],{"class":80},[66,142688,1330],{"class":102},[66,142690,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,142692,138],{"class":137},[66,142694,110],{"class":102},[66,142696,349],{"class":106},[66,142698,103],{"class":102},[66,142700,8399],{"class":106},[66,142702,8396],{"class":102},[66,142704,141017],{"class":106},[66,142706,110],{"class":102},[66,142708,113],{"class":80},[66,142710,128542],{"class":84},[66,142712,113],{"class":80},[66,142714,1330],{"class":102},[66,142716,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,142718,138],{"class":137},[66,142720,110],{"class":102},[66,142722,349],{"class":106},[66,142724,103],{"class":102},[66,142726,141017],{"class":106},[66,142728,5264],{"class":102},[66,142730,113],{"class":80},[66,142732,141128],{"class":84},[66,142734,113],{"class":80},[66,142736,121],{"class":102},[66,142738,81],{"class":80},[66,142740,142629],{"class":84},[66,142742,113],{"class":80},[66,142744,2652],{"class":102},[52,142746,1518],{"id":1517},[258,142748,1522,142750,127942],{"id":142749},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142751,127465],{},[20,142753,142754,142755,2617,142757,103],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142756,3350],{},[15,142758,3424],{},[258,142760,1573,142762,142764],{"id":142761},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142763,127465],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142766,142767],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[57,142769,142771],{"className":59,"code":142770,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142772,142773],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142774,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142776,349],{"class":72},[66,142778,103],{"class":102},[66,142780,141017],{"class":106},[66,142782,5264],{"class":102},[66,142784,113],{"class":80},[66,142786,200],{"class":84},[66,142788,113],{"class":80},[66,142790,121],{"class":102},[66,142792,81],{"class":80},[66,142794,4514],{"class":84},[66,142796,113],{"class":80},[66,142798,1330],{"class":102},[258,142800,1610,142802,1613],{"id":142801},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142803,127465],{},[20,142805,1616],{},[258,142807,4934,142809,798,142811,2228],{"id":142808},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142810,127465],{},[15,142812,3634],{},[20,142814,142815,142817,142818,142820],{},[15,142816,127465],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142819,3634],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[258,142822,28094,142824,798,142826,8464,142828,2228],{"id":142823},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142825,35839],{},[15,142827,52428],{},[15,142829,127465],{},[20,142831,142832],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[52,142834,1620],{"id":1619},[33,142836,142837,142843,142849,142855,142859],{},[36,142838,142839],{},[200,142840,770,142841,774],{"href":129688},[15,142842,126157],{},[36,142844,142845],{},[200,142846,770,142847,774],{"href":124117},[15,142848,124102],{},[36,142850,142851],{},[200,142852,770,142853,774],{"href":895},[15,142854,898],{},[36,142856,142857],{},[200,142858,124502],{"href":123367},[36,142860,142861],{},[200,142862,203],{"href":202},[1651,142864,142865],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":142867},[142868,142870,142871,142877,142878,142880,142881,142882,142884,142894,142906],{"id":141063,"depth":91,"text":142869},"What startswith() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":141342,"depth":91,"text":141343,"children":142872},[142873,142874,142875,142876],{"id":141180,"depth":134,"text":141180},{"id":35839,"depth":134,"text":35839},{"id":52428,"depth":134,"text":52428},{"id":141509,"depth":134,"text":141510},{"id":17179,"depth":91,"text":17180},{"id":141687,"depth":91,"text":142879},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141841,"depth":91,"text":141842},{"id":785,"depth":91,"text":786},{"id":142143,"depth":91,"text":142883},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":142885},[142886,142887,142889,142891,142893],{"id":142249,"depth":134,"text":1125},{"id":142332,"depth":134,"text":142888},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142412,"depth":134,"text":142890},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142504,"depth":134,"text":142892},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142568,"depth":134,"text":142569},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":142895},[142896,142898,142900,142902,142904],{"id":142749,"depth":134,"text":142897},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142761,"depth":134,"text":142899},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142801,"depth":134,"text":142901},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142808,"depth":134,"text":142903},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142823,"depth":134,"text":142905},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140963,"description":142907},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142914,"title":142915,"body":142916,"description":144370,"extension":1694,"meta":144371,"navigation":338,"path":144372,"seo":144373,"stem":144374,"__hash__":144375},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142917,"toc":144340},[142918,142923,142928,142931,142933,142977,142979,142987,142992,142997,143002,143004,143022,143024,143070,143072,143086,143095,143099,143101,143103,143115,143120,143123,143155,143157,143166,143171,143174,143215,143217,143225,143227,143240,143246,143250,143253,143269,143271,143320,143322,143331,143334,143393,143395,143404,143411,143414,143467,143469,143493,143500,143506,143510,143516,143519,143530,143532,143572,143574,143582,143584,143624,143626,143635,143637,143655,143658,143665,143676,143679,143696,143698,143775,143777,143808,143811,143813,143816,143842,143844,143884,143886,143895,143905,143913,143921,143926,143931,143933,143947,143949,144000,144002,144011,144021,144023,144025,144047,144050,144129,144131,144167,144170,144245,144250,144252,144258,144263,144268,144271,144277,144280,144287,144295,144299,144307,144309,144337],[10,142919,13,142921,18],{"id":142920},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142922,781],{},[20,142924,32085,142925,142927],{},[15,142926,781],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142929,142930],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[52,142932,3355],{"id":3354},[57,142934,142936],{"className":59,"code":142935,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142937,142938,142951,142966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142939,142940,142942,142944,142946,142949],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142941,73],{"class":72},[66,142943,77],{"class":76},[66,142945,81],{"class":80},[66,142947,142948],{"class":84},"  hello  ",[66,142950,88],{"class":80},[66,142952,142953,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,142954,142955],{"class":72},"clean_text ",[66,142957,77],{"class":76},[66,142959,99],{"class":72},[66,142961,103],{"class":102},[66,142963,8393],{"class":106},[66,142965,8402],{"class":102},[66,142967,142968,142970,142972,142975],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,142969,138],{"class":137},[66,142971,110],{"class":102},[66,142973,142974],{"class":106},"clean_text",[66,142976,131],{"class":102},[20,142978,148],{},[57,142980,142981],{"className":59,"code":992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,142982,142983],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142984,142985],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142986,992],{"class":72},[20,142988,160,142989,142991],{},[15,142990,781],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[52,142993,168,142995,41],{"id":142994},"what-strip-does",[15,142996,781],{},[20,142998,142999,143001],{},[15,143000,781],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143003,178],{},[33,143005,143006,143010,143013,143016,143019],{},[36,143007,143008,131441],{},[15,143009,781],{},[36,143011,143012],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[36,143014,143015],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[36,143017,143018],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[36,143020,143021],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143023,923],{},[57,143025,143027],{"className":59,"code":143026,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143028,143029,143042,143046,143060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143030,143031,143033,143035,143037,143040],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143032,73],{"class":72},[66,143034,77],{"class":76},[66,143036,81],{"class":80},[66,143038,143039],{"class":84},"  hello world  ",[66,143041,88],{"class":80},[66,143043,143044],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143045,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,143047,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,143049,138],{"class":137},[66,143051,110],{"class":102},[66,143053,349],{"class":106},[66,143055,103],{"class":102},[66,143057,8393],{"class":106},[66,143059,6949],{"class":102},[66,143061,143062,143064,143066,143068],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,143063,138],{"class":137},[66,143065,110],{"class":102},[66,143067,349],{"class":106},[66,143069,131],{"class":102},[20,143071,148],{},[57,143073,143075],{"className":59,"code":143074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143076,143077,143081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143078,143079],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143080,134106],{"class":72},[66,143082,143083],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143084,143085],{"class":72},"  hello world\n",[20,143087,143088,143089,143091,143092,143094],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143090,781],{},", but the original ",[15,143093,349],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143096,198,143097,103],{},[200,143098,203],{"href":202},[52,143100,1891],{"id":1890},[20,143102,26252],{},[33,143104,143105,143110],{},[36,143106,143107],{},[15,143108,143109],{},"string.strip()",[36,143111,143112],{},[15,143113,143114],{},"string.strip(chars)",[258,143116,143118],{"id":143117},"stringstrip",[15,143119,143109],{},[20,143121,143122],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[57,143124,143126],{"className":59,"code":143125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143127,143128,143141],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143129,143130,143132,143134,143136,143139],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143131,7633],{"class":72},[66,143133,77],{"class":76},[66,143135,81],{"class":80},[66,143137,143138],{"class":84},"  Alice  ",[66,143140,88],{"class":80},[66,143142,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143144,138],{"class":137},[66,143146,110],{"class":102},[66,143148,7423],{"class":106},[66,143150,103],{"class":102},[66,143152,8393],{"class":106},[66,143154,6949],{"class":102},[20,143156,148],{},[57,143158,143160],{"className":59,"code":143159,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Alice\n",[15,143161,143162],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143163,143164],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143165,143159],{"class":72},[258,143167,143169],{"id":143168},"stringstripchars",[15,143170,143114],{},[20,143172,143173],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[57,143175,143177],{"className":59,"code":143176,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143178,143179,143192],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143180,143181,143183,143185,143187,143190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143182,73],{"class":72},[66,143184,77],{"class":76},[66,143186,81],{"class":80},[66,143188,143189],{"class":84},"!!hello??",[66,143191,88],{"class":80},[66,143193,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143211,143213],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143195,138],{"class":137},[66,143197,110],{"class":102},[66,143199,349],{"class":106},[66,143201,103],{"class":102},[66,143203,8393],{"class":106},[66,143205,110],{"class":102},[66,143207,113],{"class":80},[66,143209,143210],{"class":84},"!?",[66,143212,113],{"class":80},[66,143214,1330],{"class":102},[20,143216,148],{},[57,143218,143219],{"className":59,"code":992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,143220,143221],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143222,143223],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143224,992],{"class":72},[20,143226,83585],{},[33,143228,143229,143234],{},[36,143230,143231,143233],{},[15,143232,134349],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[36,143235,143236,143237,143239],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143238,134349],{}," does not matter",[52,143241,143243,143244],{"id":143242},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143245,781],{},[20,143247,30652,143248,103],{},[15,143249,781],{},[20,143251,143252],{},"It is useful for:",[33,143254,143255,143260,143263,143266],{},[36,143256,143257,143258,3637],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143259,2698],{},[36,143261,143262],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[36,143264,143265],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[36,143267,143268],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143270,48129],{},[57,143272,143274],{"className":59,"code":143273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143275,143276,143289,143305,143309],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143277,143278,143280,143282,143284,143287],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143279,7718],{"class":72},[66,143281,77],{"class":76},[66,143283,81],{"class":80},[66,143285,143286],{"class":84},"  sam  ",[66,143288,88],{"class":80},[66,143290,143291,143294,143296,143299,143301,143303],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143292,143293],{"class":72},"clean_username ",[66,143295,77],{"class":76},[66,143297,143298],{"class":72}," username",[66,143300,103],{"class":102},[66,143302,8393],{"class":106},[66,143304,8402],{"class":102},[66,143306,143307],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,143308,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,143310,143311,143313,143315,143318],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,143312,138],{"class":137},[66,143314,110],{"class":102},[66,143316,143317],{"class":106},"clean_username",[66,143319,131],{"class":102},[20,143321,148],{},[57,143323,143325],{"className":59,"code":143324,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sam\n",[15,143326,143327],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143328,143329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143330,143324],{"class":72},[20,143332,143333],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[57,143335,143337],{"className":59,"code":143336,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143338,143339,143352,143356,143378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143340,143341,143343,143345,143347,143350],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143342,136332],{"class":72},[66,143344,77],{"class":76},[66,143346,81],{"class":80},[66,143348,143349],{"class":84}," yes  ",[66,143351,88],{"class":80},[66,143353,143354],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143355,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,143357,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366,143368,143370,143372,143374,143376],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,143359,6752],{"class":3627},[66,143361,136352],{"class":72},[66,143363,103],{"class":102},[66,143365,8393],{"class":106},[66,143367,7120],{"class":102},[66,143369,6161],{"class":76},[66,143371,81],{"class":80},[66,143373,8417],{"class":84},[66,143375,113],{"class":80},[66,143377,6146],{"class":102},[66,143379,143380,143382,143384,143386,143389,143391],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,143381,7826],{"class":137},[66,143383,110],{"class":102},[66,143385,113],{"class":80},[66,143387,143388],{"class":84},"Matched",[66,143390,113],{"class":80},[66,143392,131],{"class":102},[20,143394,148],{},[57,143396,143398],{"className":59,"code":143397,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Matched\n",[15,143399,143400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143401,143402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143403,143397],{"class":72},[20,143405,143406,143407,103],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[200,143408,143410],{"href":143409},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143412,143413],{},"Example with file-style text:",[57,143415,143417],{"className":59,"code":143416,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143418,143419,143435,143449],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143420,143421,143424,143426,143428,143431,143433],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143422,143423],{"class":72},"line ",[66,143425,77],{"class":76},[66,143427,81],{"class":80},[66,143429,143430],{"class":84},"Python basics",[66,143432,86917],{"class":879},[66,143434,88],{"class":80},[66,143436,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445,143447],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143438,138],{"class":137},[66,143440,110],{"class":102},[66,143442,41545],{"class":137},[66,143444,110],{"class":102},[66,143446,68],{"class":106},[66,143448,1330],{"class":102},[66,143450,143451,143453,143455,143457,143459,143461,143463,143465],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,143452,138],{"class":137},[66,143454,110],{"class":102},[66,143456,41545],{"class":137},[66,143458,110],{"class":102},[66,143460,68],{"class":106},[66,143462,103],{"class":102},[66,143464,8393],{"class":106},[66,143466,6042],{"class":102},[20,143468,148],{},[57,143470,143472],{"className":59,"code":143471,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143473,143474,143485],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143475,143476,143478,143480,143483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143477,3044],{"class":43094},[66,143479,143430],{"class":43098},[66,143481,86917],{"class":143482},"sfi6f",[66,143484,29466],{"class":43094},[66,143486,143487,143489,143491],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143488,3044],{"class":43094},[66,143490,143430],{"class":43098},[66,143492,29466],{"class":43094},[20,143494,8176,143495,143497,143498,103],{},[15,143496,122328],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143499,86917],{},[20,143501,143502,143503,103],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[200,143504,143505],{"href":87570},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[52,143507,143509],{"id":143508},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143511,143512,143513,103],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143514,143515],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143517,143518],{},"Python will:",[33,143520,143521,143524,143527],{},[36,143522,143523],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[36,143525,143526],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[36,143528,143529],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143531,923],{},[57,143533,143535],{"className":59,"code":143534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143536,143537,143550],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143538,143539,143541,143543,143545,143548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143540,73],{"class":72},[66,143542,77],{"class":76},[66,143544,81],{"class":80},[66,143546,143547],{"class":84},"??hello!!",[66,143549,88],{"class":80},[66,143551,143552,143554,143556,143558,143560,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143553,138],{"class":137},[66,143555,110],{"class":102},[66,143557,349],{"class":106},[66,143559,103],{"class":102},[66,143561,8393],{"class":106},[66,143563,110],{"class":102},[66,143565,113],{"class":80},[66,143567,143210],{"class":84},[66,143569,113],{"class":80},[66,143571,1330],{"class":102},[20,143573,148],{},[57,143575,143576],{"className":59,"code":992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,143577,143578],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143579,143580],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143581,992],{"class":72},[20,143583,51847],{},[57,143585,143587],{"className":59,"code":143586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143588,143589,143602],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143590,143591,143593,143595,143597,143600],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143592,73],{"class":72},[66,143594,77],{"class":76},[66,143596,81],{"class":80},[66,143598,143599],{"class":84},"abcHelloCba",[66,143601,88],{"class":80},[66,143603,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143605,138],{"class":137},[66,143607,110],{"class":102},[66,143609,349],{"class":106},[66,143611,103],{"class":102},[66,143613,8393],{"class":106},[66,143615,110],{"class":102},[66,143617,113],{"class":80},[66,143619,41327],{"class":84},[66,143621,113],{"class":80},[66,143623,1330],{"class":102},[20,143625,148],{},[57,143627,143629],{"className":59,"code":143628,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HelloC\n",[15,143630,143631],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143632,143633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143634,143628],{"class":72},[20,143636,5987],{},[20,143638,143639,13815,143642,143644,143645,143647,143648,1923,143650,1927,143652,143654],{},[15,143640,143641],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[398,143643,4383],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143646,41327],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143649,200],{},[15,143651,4514],{},[15,143653,9501],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143656,143657],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143659,143660,143661,6385],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[200,143662,143663],{"href":129675},[15,143664,17],{},[52,143666,143668,10348,143670,10348,143673],{"id":143667},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143669,781],{},[15,143671,143672],{},"lstrip()",[15,143674,143675],{},"rstrip()",[20,143677,143678],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[33,143680,143681,143686,143691],{},[36,143682,143683,143685],{},[15,143684,781],{}," removes from both ends",[36,143687,143688,143690],{},[15,143689,143672],{}," removes from the left side only",[36,143692,143693,143695],{},[15,143694,143675],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143697,923],{},[57,143699,143701],{"className":59,"code":143700,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143702,143703,143715,143719,143737,143756],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143704,143705,143707,143709,143711,143713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143706,73],{"class":72},[66,143708,77],{"class":76},[66,143710,81],{"class":80},[66,143712,142948],{"class":84},[66,143714,88],{"class":80},[66,143716,143717],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143718,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,143720,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731,143733,143735],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,143722,138],{"class":137},[66,143724,110],{"class":102},[66,143726,41545],{"class":137},[66,143728,110],{"class":102},[66,143730,349],{"class":106},[66,143732,103],{"class":102},[66,143734,8393],{"class":106},[66,143736,6042],{"class":102},[66,143738,143739,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749,143751,143754],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,143740,138],{"class":137},[66,143742,110],{"class":102},[66,143744,41545],{"class":137},[66,143746,110],{"class":102},[66,143748,349],{"class":106},[66,143750,103],{"class":102},[66,143752,143753],{"class":106},"lstrip",[66,143755,6042],{"class":102},[66,143757,143758,143760,143762,143764,143766,143768,143770,143773],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,143759,138],{"class":137},[66,143761,110],{"class":102},[66,143763,41545],{"class":137},[66,143765,110],{"class":102},[66,143767,349],{"class":106},[66,143769,103],{"class":102},[66,143771,143772],{"class":106},"rstrip",[66,143774,6042],{"class":102},[20,143776,148],{},[57,143778,143780],{"className":59,"code":143779,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143781,143782,143790,143799],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143783,143784,143786,143788],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143785,3044],{"class":43094},[66,143787,939],{"class":43098},[66,143789,29466],{"class":43094},[66,143791,143792,143794,143797],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143793,3044],{"class":43094},[66,143795,143796],{"class":43098},"hello  ",[66,143798,29466],{"class":43094},[66,143800,143801,143803,143806],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,143802,3044],{"class":43094},[66,143804,143805],{"class":43098},"  hello",[66,143807,29466],{"class":43094},[20,143809,143810],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[52,143812,108123],{"id":108122},[20,143814,143815],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[33,143817,143818,143826,143836,143839],{},[36,143819,143820,143822,143823,143825],{},[15,143821,143641],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143824,41296],{}," once",[36,143827,143828,143829,1923,143831,1927,143833,143835],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143830,200],{},[15,143832,4514],{},[15,143834,9501],{}," from both ends",[36,143837,143838],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[36,143840,143841],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143843,923],{},[57,143845,143847],{"className":59,"code":143846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143848,143849,143862],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143850,143851,143853,143855,143857,143860],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143852,126182],{"class":72},[66,143854,77],{"class":76},[66,143856,81],{"class":80},[66,143858,143859],{"class":84},"txt_report.txt",[66,143861,88],{"class":80},[66,143863,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876,143878,143880,143882],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143865,138],{"class":137},[66,143867,110],{"class":102},[66,143869,126200],{"class":106},[66,143871,103],{"class":102},[66,143873,8393],{"class":106},[66,143875,110],{"class":102},[66,143877,113],{"class":80},[66,143879,126235],{"class":84},[66,143881,113],{"class":80},[66,143883,1330],{"class":102},[20,143885,148],{},[57,143887,143889],{"className":59,"code":143888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"_report\n",[15,143890,143891],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143892,143893],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143894,143888],{"class":72},[20,143896,143897,143898,1923,143900,1927,143902,143904],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143899,103],{},[15,143901,63051],{},[15,143903,960],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143906,53421,143907,4537,143910,143912],{},[15,143908,143909],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[398,143911,4383],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143914,143915,143916,143920],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[200,143917,143918],{"href":129675},[15,143919,17],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[52,143922,4715,143924],{"id":143923},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143925,781],{},[20,143927,160,143928,143930],{},[15,143929,781],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143932,36193],{},[33,143934,143935,143939,143941,143944],{},[36,143936,143257,143937,3637],{},[15,143938,2698],{},[36,143940,143262],{},[36,143942,143943],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[36,143945,143946],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143948,923],{},[57,143950,143952],{"className":59,"code":143951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143953,143954,143968,143972,143985],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143955,143956,143959,143961,143963,143966],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143957,143958],{"class":72},"email ",[66,143960,77],{"class":76},[66,143962,81],{"class":80},[66,143964,143965],{"class":84},"  user@example.com  ",[66,143967,88],{"class":80},[66,143969,143970],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,143971,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,143973,143974,143976,143979,143981,143983],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,143975,6752],{"class":3627},[66,143977,143978],{"class":72}," email",[66,143980,103],{"class":102},[66,143982,8393],{"class":106},[66,143984,21359],{"class":102},[66,143986,143987,143989,143991,143993,143996,143998],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,143988,7826],{"class":137},[66,143990,110],{"class":102},[66,143992,113],{"class":80},[66,143994,143995],{"class":84},"Email was entered",[66,143997,113],{"class":80},[66,143999,131],{"class":102},[20,144001,148],{},[57,144003,144005],{"className":59,"code":144004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Email was entered\n",[15,144006,144007],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144008,144009],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144010,144004],{"class":72},[20,144012,144013,144014,144016,144017,103],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144015,781],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[200,144018,144019],{"href":895},[15,144020,898],{},[52,144022,2568],{"id":2567},[20,144024,84004],{},[33,144026,144027,144031,144036,144041],{},[36,144028,1119,144029,1122],{},[15,144030,781],{},[36,144032,1119,144033,144035],{},[15,144034,781],{}," to remove text from the middle",[36,144037,8176,144038,144040],{},[15,144039,143909],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[36,144042,4457,144043,144046],{},[15,144044,144045],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144048,144049],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[57,144051,144053],{"className":59,"code":144052,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144054,144055,144069,144073,144083,144097,144111],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144056,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065,144067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144058,73],{"class":72},[66,144060,77],{"class":76},[66,144062,81],{"class":80},[66,144064,143805],{"class":84},[66,144066,86917],{"class":879},[66,144068,88],{"class":80},[66,144070,144071],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144072,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,144074,144075,144077,144079,144081],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144076,138],{"class":137},[66,144078,110],{"class":102},[66,144080,349],{"class":106},[66,144082,131],{"class":102},[66,144084,144085,144087,144089,144091,144093,144095],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144086,138],{"class":137},[66,144088,110],{"class":102},[66,144090,41545],{"class":137},[66,144092,110],{"class":102},[66,144094,349],{"class":106},[66,144096,1330],{"class":102},[66,144098,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,144100,138],{"class":137},[66,144102,110],{"class":102},[66,144104,349],{"class":106},[66,144106,103],{"class":102},[66,144108,8393],{"class":106},[66,144110,6949],{"class":102},[66,144112,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,144114,138],{"class":137},[66,144116,110],{"class":102},[66,144118,41545],{"class":137},[66,144120,110],{"class":102},[66,144122,349],{"class":106},[66,144124,103],{"class":102},[66,144126,8393],{"class":106},[66,144128,6042],{"class":102},[20,144130,148],{},[57,144132,144134],{"className":59,"code":144133,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144135,144136,144141,144145,144155,144159],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144137,144138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144139,144140],{"class":72},"  hello\n",[66,144142,144143],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144144,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,144146,144147,144149,144151,144153],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144148,3044],{"class":43094},[66,144150,143805],{"class":43098},[66,144152,86917],{"class":143482},[66,144154,29466],{"class":43094},[66,144156,144157],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144158,992],{"class":72},[66,144160,144161,144163,144165],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,144162,3044],{"class":43094},[66,144164,939],{"class":43098},[66,144166,29466],{"class":43094},[20,144168,144169],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[57,144171,144173],{"className":59,"code":144172,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144174,144175,144185,144199,144213,144231],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144176,144177,144179,144181,144183],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144178,138],{"class":137},[66,144180,110],{"class":102},[66,144182,349],{"class":106},[66,144184,131],{"class":102},[66,144186,144187,144189,144191,144193,144195,144197],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144188,138],{"class":137},[66,144190,110],{"class":102},[66,144192,41545],{"class":137},[66,144194,110],{"class":102},[66,144196,349],{"class":106},[66,144198,1330],{"class":102},[66,144200,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209,144211],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144202,138],{"class":137},[66,144204,110],{"class":102},[66,144206,349],{"class":106},[66,144208,103],{"class":102},[66,144210,8393],{"class":106},[66,144212,6949],{"class":102},[66,144214,144215,144217,144219,144221,144223,144225,144227,144229],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144216,138],{"class":137},[66,144218,110],{"class":102},[66,144220,41545],{"class":137},[66,144222,110],{"class":102},[66,144224,349],{"class":106},[66,144226,103],{"class":102},[66,144228,8393],{"class":106},[66,144230,6042],{"class":102},[66,144232,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241,144243],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,144234,31920],{"class":137},[66,144236,110],{"class":102},[66,144238,3188],{"class":2641},[66,144240,103],{"class":102},[66,144242,8393],{"class":24515},[66,144244,131],{"class":102},[20,144246,144247,144249],{},[15,144248,122328],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[52,144251,1518],{"id":1517},[258,144253,1522,144255,144257],{"id":144254},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144256,781],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144259,46132,144260,144262],{},[15,144261,781],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[258,144264,1522,144266,1525],{"id":144265},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144267,781],{},[20,144269,144270],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[258,144272,4897,144274,144276],{"id":144273},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144275,781],{}," remove by default?",[20,144278,144279],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[258,144281,33974,144283,33977,144285,2228],{"id":144282},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144284,781],{},[15,144286,17],{},[20,144288,144289,144291,144292,144294],{},[15,144290,781],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144293,17],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[258,144296,144298],{"id":144297},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144300,127969,144301,144303,144304,144306],{},[15,144302,143672],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144305,143675],{}," for the right side.",[52,144308,1620],{"id":1619},[33,144310,144311,144317,144323,144328,144333],{},[36,144312,144313],{},[200,144314,770,144315,774],{"href":895},[15,144316,898],{},[36,144318,144319],{},[200,144320,770,144321,774],{"href":129675},[15,144322,17],{},[36,144324,144325],{},[200,144326,144327],{"href":143409},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[36,144329,144330],{},[200,144331,144332],{"href":87570},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[36,144334,144335],{},[200,144336,203],{"href":202},[1651,144338,144339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":144341},[144342,144343,144345,144349,144351,144352,144354,144355,144357,144358,144369],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":142994,"depth":91,"text":144344},"What strip() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":144346},[144347,144348],{"id":143117,"depth":134,"text":143109},{"id":143168,"depth":134,"text":143114},{"id":143242,"depth":91,"text":144350},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143508,"depth":91,"text":143509},{"id":143667,"depth":91,"text":144353},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108122,"depth":91,"text":108123},{"id":143923,"depth":91,"text":144356},"When to use strip()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":144359},[144360,144362,144364,144366,144368],{"id":144254,"depth":134,"text":144361},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144265,"depth":134,"text":144363},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144273,"depth":134,"text":144365},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144282,"depth":134,"text":144367},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144297,"depth":134,"text":144298},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142915,"description":144370},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144377,"title":144378,"body":144379,"description":145559,"extension":1694,"meta":145560,"navigation":338,"path":145561,"seo":145562,"stem":145563,"__hash__":145564},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144380,"toc":145529},[144381,144386,144391,144396,144398,144444,144452,144457,144471,144477,144479,144481,144496,144498,144508,144511,144542,144545,144568,144570,144573,144630,144632,144646,144648,144662,144668,144673,144676,144717,144719,144728,144736,144739,144784,144786,144795,144798,144802,144807,144821,144823,144855,144857,144877,144880,144885,144890,144892,144903,144906,144963,144965,144973,144982,144984,144986,144992,144994,145031,145033,145041,145043,145084,145086,145095,145100,145105,145107,145134,145141,145144,145175,145177,145186,145192,145201,145232,145234,145246,145259,145263,145268,145298,145300,145367,145369,145379,145381,145386,145389,145394,145399,145403,145409,145415,145418,145420,145478,145480,145488,145490,145526],[10,144382,13,144384,18],{"id":144383},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144385,127974],{},[20,144387,22,144388,144390],{},[15,144389,127974],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144392,84381,144393,144395],{},[15,144394,127974],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[52,144397,55],{"id":54},[57,144399,144401],{"className":59,"code":144400,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144402,144403,144415,144429,144439],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144404,144405,144407,144409,144411,144413],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144406,73],{"class":72},[66,144408,77],{"class":76},[66,144410,81],{"class":80},[66,144412,128814],{"class":84},[66,144414,88],{"class":80},[66,144416,144417,144419,144421,144423,144425,144427],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144418,447],{"class":72},[66,144420,77],{"class":76},[66,144422,99],{"class":72},[66,144424,103],{"class":102},[66,144426,34246],{"class":106},[66,144428,8402],{"class":102},[66,144430,144431,144433,144435,144437],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144432,138],{"class":137},[66,144434,110],{"class":102},[66,144436,494],{"class":106},[66,144438,131],{"class":102},[66,144440,144441],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144442,144443],{"class":3413},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144445,144446,144448,144449,144451],{},[15,144447,127974],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[398,144450,4383],{}," change the original string in place.",[52,144453,168,144455,41],{"id":144454},"what-upper-does",[15,144456,127974],{},[33,144458,144459,144464,144467,144469],{},[36,144460,144461,144463],{},[15,144462,127974],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[36,144465,144466],{},"It works on string values only",[36,144468,183],{},[36,144470,186],{},[20,144472,198,144473,2617,144475,103],{},[200,144474,136061],{"href":136060},[200,144476,203],{"href":202},[52,144478,1891],{"id":1890},[20,144480,1894],{},[57,144482,144484],{"className":59,"code":144483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.upper()\n",[15,144485,144486],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144487,144488,144490,144492,144494],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144489,217],{"class":72},[66,144491,103],{"class":102},[66,144493,34246],{"class":106},[66,144495,8402],{"class":102},[20,144497,11221],{},[33,144499,144500,144502,144505],{},[36,144501,97288],{},[36,144503,144504],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[36,144506,144507],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144509,144510],{},"Example with a variable:",[57,144512,144514],{"className":59,"code":144513,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144515,144516,144528],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144517,144518,144520,144522,144524,144526],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144519,7633],{"class":72},[66,144521,77],{"class":76},[66,144523,81],{"class":80},[66,144525,61],{"class":84},[66,144527,88],{"class":80},[66,144529,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538,144540],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144531,138],{"class":137},[66,144533,110],{"class":102},[66,144535,7423],{"class":106},[66,144537,103],{"class":102},[66,144539,34246],{"class":106},[66,144541,6949],{"class":102},[20,144543,144544],{},"Example with a string literal:",[57,144546,144548],{"className":59,"code":144547,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144549,144550],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144551,144552,144554,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144553,138],{"class":137},[66,144555,110],{"class":102},[66,144557,113],{"class":80},[66,144559,939],{"class":84},[66,144561,113],{"class":80},[66,144563,103],{"class":102},[66,144565,34246],{"class":106},[66,144567,6949],{"class":102},[52,144569,11238],{"id":11237},[20,144571,144572],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[57,144574,144576],{"className":59,"code":144575,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144577,144578,144590,144605,144609,144619],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144579,144580,144582,144584,144586,144588],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144581,5906],{"class":72},[66,144583,77],{"class":76},[66,144585,81],{"class":80},[66,144587,627],{"class":84},[66,144589,88],{"class":80},[66,144591,144592,144595,144597,144599,144601,144603],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144593,144594],{"class":72},"uppercase_word ",[66,144596,77],{"class":76},[66,144598,38147],{"class":72},[66,144600,103],{"class":102},[66,144602,34246],{"class":106},[66,144604,8402],{"class":102},[66,144606,144607],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144608,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,144610,144611,144613,144615,144617],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144612,138],{"class":137},[66,144614,110],{"class":102},[66,144616,38157],{"class":106},[66,144618,131],{"class":102},[66,144620,144621,144623,144625,144628],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,144622,138],{"class":137},[66,144624,110],{"class":102},[66,144626,144627],{"class":106},"uppercase_word",[66,144629,131],{"class":102},[20,144631,148],{},[57,144633,144635],{"className":59,"code":144634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144636,144637,144641],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144638,144639],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144640,70170],{"class":72},[66,144642,144643],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144644,144645],{"class":879},"BANANA\n",[20,144647,112229],{},[33,144649,144650,144655],{},[36,144651,144652,144654],{},[15,144653,38157],{}," keeps its original value",[36,144656,144657,144659,144660],{},[15,144658,144627],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144661,127974],{},[52,144663,144665,144667],{"id":144664},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144666,127974],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144669,136720,144670,144672],{},[398,144671,400],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144674,144675],{},"So this method:",[57,144677,144679],{"className":59,"code":144678,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144680,144681,144693,144703,144707],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144682,144683,144685,144687,144689,144691],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144684,7633],{"class":72},[66,144686,77],{"class":76},[66,144688,81],{"class":80},[66,144690,17565],{"class":84},[66,144692,88],{"class":80},[66,144694,144695,144697,144699,144701],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144696,7423],{"class":72},[66,144698,103],{"class":102},[66,144700,34246],{"class":106},[66,144702,8402],{"class":102},[66,144704,144705],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144706,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,144708,144709,144711,144713,144715],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144710,138],{"class":137},[66,144712,110],{"class":102},[66,144714,7423],{"class":106},[66,144716,131],{"class":102},[20,144718,148],{},[57,144720,144722],{"className":59,"code":144721,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"alice\n",[15,144723,144724],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144725,144726],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144727,144721],{"class":72},[20,144729,20741,144730,144732,144733,144735],{},[15,144731,127974],{}," was called, ",[15,144734,7423],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144737,144738],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[57,144740,144742],{"className":59,"code":144741,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144743,144744,144756,144770,144774],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144745,144746,144748,144750,144752,144754],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144747,7633],{"class":72},[66,144749,77],{"class":76},[66,144751,81],{"class":80},[66,144753,17565],{"class":84},[66,144755,88],{"class":80},[66,144757,144758,144760,144762,144764,144766,144768],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144759,7633],{"class":72},[66,144761,77],{"class":76},[66,144763,35758],{"class":72},[66,144765,103],{"class":102},[66,144767,34246],{"class":106},[66,144769,8402],{"class":102},[66,144771,144772],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144773,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,144775,144776,144778,144780,144782],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144777,138],{"class":137},[66,144779,110],{"class":102},[66,144781,7423],{"class":106},[66,144783,131],{"class":102},[20,144785,148],{},[57,144787,144789],{"className":59,"code":144788,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ALICE\n",[15,144790,144791],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144792,144793],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144794,144788],{"class":879},[20,144796,144797],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[52,144799,144801],{"id":144800},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144803,144804,144806],{},[15,144805,127974],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[33,144808,144809,144812,144815,144818],{},[36,144810,144811],{},"Numbers stay the same",[36,144813,144814],{},"Spaces stay the same",[36,144816,144817],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[36,144819,144820],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144822,923],{},[57,144824,144826],{"className":59,"code":144825,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144827,144828,144841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144829,144830,144832,144834,144836,144839],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144831,73],{"class":72},[66,144833,77],{"class":76},[66,144835,81],{"class":80},[66,144837,144838],{"class":84},"Room 7, table #3!",[66,144840,88],{"class":80},[66,144842,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851,144853],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144844,138],{"class":137},[66,144846,110],{"class":102},[66,144848,349],{"class":106},[66,144850,103],{"class":102},[66,144852,34246],{"class":106},[66,144854,6949],{"class":102},[20,144856,148],{},[57,144858,144860],{"className":59,"code":144859,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144861,144862],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144863,144864,144867,144869,144871,144874],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144865,144866],{"class":879},"ROOM",[66,144868,5746],{"class":478},[66,144870,121],{"class":102},[66,144872,144873],{"class":879}," TABLE",[66,144875,144876],{"class":3413}," #3!\n",[20,144878,144879],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[52,144881,4715,144883],{"id":144882},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144884,127974],{},[20,144886,144887,144889],{},[15,144888,127974],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144891,48107],{},[33,144893,144894,144897,144900],{},[36,144895,144896],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[36,144898,144899],{},"Format labels or headings",[36,144901,144902],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144904,144905],{},"Example: simple comparison",[57,144907,144909],{"className":59,"code":144908,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144910,144911,144923,144927,144949],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144912,144913,144915,144917,144919,144921],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144914,136332],{"class":72},[66,144916,77],{"class":76},[66,144918,81],{"class":80},[66,144920,8417],{"class":84},[66,144922,88],{"class":80},[66,144924,144925],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,144926,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,144928,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937,144939,144941,144943,144945,144947],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,144930,6752],{"class":3627},[66,144932,136352],{"class":72},[66,144934,103],{"class":102},[66,144936,34246],{"class":106},[66,144938,7120],{"class":102},[66,144940,6161],{"class":76},[66,144942,81],{"class":80},[66,144944,136339],{"class":84},[66,144946,113],{"class":80},[66,144948,6146],{"class":102},[66,144950,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959,144961],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,144952,7826],{"class":137},[66,144954,110],{"class":102},[66,144956,113],{"class":80},[66,144958,143388],{"class":84},[66,144960,113],{"class":80},[66,144962,131],{"class":102},[20,144964,148],{},[57,144966,144967],{"className":59,"code":143397,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,144968,144969],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144970,144971],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144972,143397],{"class":72},[20,144974,144975,144976,1923,144978,1927,144980,103],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144977,8417],{},[15,144979,137123],{},[15,144981,136339],{},[52,144983,2568],{"id":2567},[258,144985,95649],{"id":95648},[20,144987,7874,144988,144991],{},[15,144989,144990],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144993,16406],{},[57,144995,144997],{"className":59,"code":144996,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144998,144999,145011,145021],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145000,145001,145003,145005,145007,145009],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145002,73],{"class":72},[66,145004,77],{"class":76},[66,145006,81],{"class":80},[66,145008,939],{"class":84},[66,145010,88],{"class":80},[66,145012,145013,145015,145017,145019],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145014,349],{"class":72},[66,145016,103],{"class":102},[66,145018,34246],{"class":106},[66,145020,8402],{"class":102},[66,145022,145023,145025,145027,145029],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,145024,138],{"class":137},[66,145026,110],{"class":102},[66,145028,349],{"class":106},[66,145030,131],{"class":102},[20,145032,148],{},[57,145034,145035],{"className":59,"code":992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145036,145037],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145038,145039],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145040,992],{"class":72},[20,145042,16418],{},[57,145044,145046],{"className":59,"code":145045,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145047,145048,145060,145074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145049,145050,145052,145054,145056,145058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145051,73],{"class":72},[66,145053,77],{"class":76},[66,145055,81],{"class":80},[66,145057,939],{"class":84},[66,145059,88],{"class":80},[66,145061,145062,145064,145066,145068,145070,145072],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145063,73],{"class":72},[66,145065,77],{"class":76},[66,145067,99],{"class":72},[66,145069,103],{"class":102},[66,145071,34246],{"class":106},[66,145073,8402],{"class":102},[66,145075,145076,145078,145080,145082],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,145077,138],{"class":137},[66,145079,110],{"class":102},[66,145081,349],{"class":106},[66,145083,131],{"class":102},[20,145085,148],{},[57,145087,145089],{"className":59,"code":145088,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HELLO\n",[15,145090,145091],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145092,145093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145094,145088],{"class":879},[258,145096,18670,145098,137009],{"id":145097},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145099,127974],{},[20,145101,145102,145104],{},[15,145103,127974],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145106,923],{},[57,145108,145110],{"className":59,"code":145109,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145111,145112,145120],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145113,145114,145116,145118],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145115,1951],{"class":72},[66,145117,77],{"class":76},[66,145119,124784],{"class":478},[66,145121,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130,145132],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145123,138],{"class":137},[66,145125,110],{"class":102},[66,145127,1973],{"class":106},[66,145129,103],{"class":102},[66,145131,34246],{"class":106},[66,145133,6949],{"class":102},[20,145135,39420,145136,145138,145139,33369],{},[15,145137,1922],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145140,127974],{},[20,145142,145143],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[57,145145,145147],{"className":59,"code":145146,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145148,145149,145157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145150,145151,145153,145155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145152,1951],{"class":72},[66,145154,77],{"class":76},[66,145156,124784],{"class":478},[66,145158,145159,145161,145163,145165,145167,145169,145171,145173],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145160,138],{"class":137},[66,145162,110],{"class":102},[66,145164,3188],{"class":2641},[66,145166,110],{"class":102},[66,145168,1973],{"class":106},[66,145170,8390],{"class":102},[66,145172,34246],{"class":106},[66,145174,6949],{"class":102},[20,145176,148],{},[57,145178,145180],{"className":59,"code":145179,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"123\n",[15,145181,145182],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145183,145184],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145185,145179],{"class":478},[258,145187,1128,145189,145191],{"id":145188},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145190,127974],{}," with title case",[20,145193,145194,145196,145197,145200],{},[15,145195,127974],{}," makes ",[398,145198,145199],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[57,145202,145204],{"className":59,"code":145203,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145205,145206,145218],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145207,145208,145210,145212,145214,145216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145209,73],{"class":72},[66,145211,77],{"class":76},[66,145213,81],{"class":80},[66,145215,1017],{"class":84},[66,145217,88],{"class":80},[66,145219,145220,145222,145224,145226,145228,145230],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145221,138],{"class":137},[66,145223,110],{"class":102},[66,145225,349],{"class":106},[66,145227,103],{"class":102},[66,145229,34246],{"class":106},[66,145231,6949],{"class":102},[20,145233,148],{},[57,145235,145237],{"className":59,"code":145236,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145238,145239],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145240,145241,145243],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145242,136113],{"class":879},[66,145244,145245],{"class":879}," WORLD\n",[20,145247,145248,145249,145253,145254,145258],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[200,145250,145251],{"href":895},[15,145252,898],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[200,145255,145256],{"href":129675},[15,145257,17],{}," changes parts of a string.",[52,145260,145262],{"id":145261},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145264,145265,145266,1111],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145267,127974],{},[33,145269,145270,145277,145284,145291],{},[36,145271,145272,145276],{},[200,145273,145274],{"href":895},[15,145275,898],{}," for lowercase text",[36,145278,145279,145283],{},[200,145280,145281],{"href":778},[15,145282,781],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[36,145285,145286,145290],{},[200,145287,145288],{"href":129675},[15,145289,17],{}," for changing parts of a string",[36,145292,145293,798,145295,145297],{},[15,145294,127465],{},[15,145296,126157],{}," for checks",[20,145299,923],{},[57,145301,145303],{"className":59,"code":145302,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145304,145305,145317,145321,145336,145352,145356],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145306,145307,145309,145311,145313,145315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145308,73],{"class":72},[66,145310,77],{"class":76},[66,145312,81],{"class":80},[66,145314,143039],{"class":84},[66,145316,88],{"class":80},[66,145318,145319],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145320,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,145322,145323,145326,145328,145330,145332,145334],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,145324,145325],{"class":72},"cleaned ",[66,145327,77],{"class":76},[66,145329,99],{"class":72},[66,145331,103],{"class":102},[66,145333,8393],{"class":106},[66,145335,8402],{"class":102},[66,145337,145338,145341,145343,145346,145348,145350],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,145339,145340],{"class":72},"loud ",[66,145342,77],{"class":76},[66,145344,145345],{"class":72}," cleaned",[66,145347,103],{"class":102},[66,145349,34246],{"class":106},[66,145351,8402],{"class":102},[66,145353,145354],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,145355,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,145357,145358,145360,145362,145365],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,145359,138],{"class":137},[66,145361,110],{"class":102},[66,145363,145364],{"class":106},"loud",[66,145366,131],{"class":102},[20,145368,148],{},[57,145370,145371],{"className":59,"code":145236,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145372,145373],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145374,145375,145377],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145376,136113],{"class":879},[66,145378,145245],{"class":879},[52,145380,1518],{"id":1517},[258,145382,1522,145384,1525],{"id":145383},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145385,127974],{},[20,145387,145388],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[258,145390,1522,145392,137391],{"id":145391},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145393,127974],{},[20,145395,145396,145397,103],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145398,144990],{},[258,145400,145402],{"id":145401},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145404,145405,145406,145408],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145407,127974],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[258,145410,28094,145412,145414],{"id":145411},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145413,127974],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145416,145417],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145419,923],{},[57,145421,145423],{"className":59,"code":145422,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145424,145425,145437,145450,145454],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145426,145427,145429,145431,145433,145435],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145428,2291],{"class":72},[66,145430,77],{"class":76},[66,145432,81],{"class":80},[66,145434,61],{"class":84},[66,145436,88],{"class":80},[66,145438,145439,145441,145443,145445,145448],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145440,2319],{"class":72},[66,145442,77],{"class":76},[66,145444,81],{"class":80},[66,145446,145447],{"class":84},"PYTHON",[66,145449,88],{"class":80},[66,145451,145452],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,145453,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,145455,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468,145470,145472,145474,145476],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,145457,138],{"class":137},[66,145459,110],{"class":102},[66,145461,200],{"class":106},[66,145463,103],{"class":102},[66,145465,34246],{"class":106},[66,145467,7120],{"class":102},[66,145469,6161],{"class":76},[66,145471,2296],{"class":106},[66,145473,103],{"class":102},[66,145475,34246],{"class":106},[66,145477,6949],{"class":102},[20,145479,148],{},[57,145481,145482],{"className":59,"code":3732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145483,145484],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145485,145486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145487,3732],{"class":3602},[52,145489,1620],{"id":1619},[33,145491,145492,145496,145502,145508,145514,145518,145522],{},[36,145493,145494],{},[200,145495,203],{"href":202},[36,145497,145498],{},[200,145499,770,145500,774],{"href":895},[15,145501,898],{},[36,145503,145504],{},[200,145505,770,145506,774],{"href":778},[15,145507,781],{},[36,145509,145510],{},[200,145511,770,145512,774],{"href":129675},[15,145513,17],{},[36,145515,145516],{},[200,145517,90443],{"href":89455},[36,145519,145520],{},[200,145521,124502],{"href":123367},[36,145523,145524],{},[200,145525,137477],{"href":136060},[1651,145527,145528],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":145530},[145531,145532,145534,145535,145536,145538,145539,145541,145548,145549,145558],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":144454,"depth":91,"text":145533},"What upper() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":144664,"depth":91,"text":145537},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144800,"depth":91,"text":144801},{"id":144882,"depth":91,"text":145540},"When to use upper()",{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":145542},[145543,145544,145546],{"id":95648,"depth":134,"text":95649},{"id":145097,"depth":134,"text":145545},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145188,"depth":134,"text":145547},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145261,"depth":91,"text":145262},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":145550},[145551,145553,145555,145556],{"id":145383,"depth":134,"text":145552},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145391,"depth":134,"text":145554},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145401,"depth":134,"text":145402},{"id":145411,"depth":134,"text":145557},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144378,"description":145559},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145566,"title":145567,"body":145568,"description":147445,"extension":1694,"meta":147446,"navigation":338,"path":147447,"seo":147448,"stem":147449,"__hash__":147450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145569,"toc":147395},[145570,145576,145583,145589,145591,145647,145652,145657,145662,145665,145684,145687,145689,145713,145731,145742,145744,145747,145800,145802,145810,145812,145830,145835,145838,145895,145897,145906,145909,145929,145932,145938,145943,145945,145988,145990,145998,146001,146042,146044,146053,146059,146065,146092,146094,146102,146107,146111,146123,146166,146168,146176,146181,146187,146192,146196,146198,146241,146244,146291,146293,146302,146309,146313,146316,146362,146367,146371,146373,146416,146419,146427,146429,146434,146436,146438,146457,146460,146472,146474,146493,146495,146503,146507,146509,146560,146563,146638,146640,146648,146651,146655,146657,146704,146707,146778,146780,146788,146794,146796,146871,146875,146954,146956,146964,146970,146976,146981,146986,147035,147039,147110,147113,147118,147129,147132,147143,147153,147155,147160,147185,147190,147271,147273,147298,147300,147305,147308,147314,147323,147329,147332,147338,147344,147351,147354,147356,147392],[10,145571,3321,145573,3325],{"id":145572},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145574,145575],{},"sum()",[20,145577,8883,145578,145580,145581,24529],{},[15,145579,145575],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145582,59767],{},[20,145584,145585,145586,145588],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145587,35839],{}," value and a few important limits.",[52,145590,55],{"id":54},[57,145592,145594],{"className":59,"code":145593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145595,145596,145620,145635],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145597,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610,145612,145614,145616,145618],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145599,3365],{"class":72},[66,145601,77],{"class":76},[66,145603,3370],{"class":102},[66,145605,2729],{"class":478},[66,145607,121],{"class":102},[66,145609,561],{"class":478},[66,145611,121],{"class":102},[66,145613,2186],{"class":478},[66,145615,121],{"class":102},[66,145617,2192],{"class":478},[66,145619,3383],{"class":102},[66,145621,145622,145624,145626,145629,145631,145633],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145623,40950],{"class":72},[66,145625,77],{"class":76},[66,145627,145628],{"class":137}," sum",[66,145630,110],{"class":102},[66,145632,3397],{"class":106},[66,145634,131],{"class":102},[66,145636,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,145638,138],{"class":137},[66,145640,110],{"class":102},[66,145642,40979],{"class":106},[66,145644,3410],{"class":102},[66,145646,26560],{"class":3413},[20,145648,160,145649,145651],{},[15,145650,145575],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[52,145653,168,145655,41],{"id":145654},"what-sum-does",[15,145656,145575],{},[20,145658,145659,145661],{},[15,145660,145575],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145663,145664],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[33,145666,145667,145670,145673,145678],{},[36,145668,145669],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[36,145671,145672],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[36,145674,145675,145676],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145677,35965],{},[36,145679,145680,145681,145683],{},"Counting ",[15,145682,3350],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145685,145686],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[52,145688,1891],{"id":1890},[57,145690,145692],{"className":59,"code":145691,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145693,145694],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145695,145696,145699,145701,145703,145705,145707,145709,145711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145697,145698],{"class":137},"sum",[66,145700,110],{"class":102},[66,145702,3470],{"class":106},[66,145704,121],{"class":102},[66,145706,35818],{"class":8936},[66,145708,77],{"class":76},[66,145710,1852],{"class":478},[66,145712,131],{"class":102},[33,145714,145715,145720,145725],{},[36,145716,145717,145719],{},[15,145718,3470],{}," is the group of values to add",[36,145721,145722,145724],{},[15,145723,35839],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[36,145726,145727,145728],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145729,145730],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145732,145733,145734,145737,145738,103],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145735,145736,3470],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[200,145739,145740,24382],{"href":35962},[15,145741,35965],{},[52,145743,11238],{"id":11237},[20,145745,145746],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[57,145748,145750],{"className":59,"code":145749,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145751,145752,145772,145786,145790],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145753,145754,145756,145758,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768,145770],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145755,3365],{"class":72},[66,145757,77],{"class":76},[66,145759,3370],{"class":102},[66,145761,1869],{"class":478},[66,145763,121],{"class":102},[66,145765,5757],{"class":478},[66,145767,121],{"class":102},[66,145769,37702],{"class":478},[66,145771,3383],{"class":102},[66,145773,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145775,40950],{"class":72},[66,145777,77],{"class":76},[66,145779,145628],{"class":137},[66,145781,110],{"class":102},[66,145783,3397],{"class":106},[66,145785,131],{"class":102},[66,145787,145788],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,145789,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,145791,145792,145794,145796,145798],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,145793,138],{"class":137},[66,145795,110],{"class":102},[66,145797,40979],{"class":106},[66,145799,131],{"class":102},[20,145801,148],{},[57,145803,145804],{"className":59,"code":69604,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145805,145806],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145807,145808],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145809,69604],{"class":478},[20,145811,11447],{},[33,145813,145814,145819,145825],{},[36,145815,145816,145818],{},[15,145817,3397],{}," contains three integers",[36,145820,145821,145824],{},[15,145822,145823],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[36,145826,145827,145828],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145829,40979],{},[52,145831,36380,145833,8192],{"id":145832},"using-the-start-value",[15,145834,35839],{},[20,145836,145837],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[57,145839,145841],{"className":59,"code":145840,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145842,145843,145863,145881,145885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145844,145845,145847,145849,145851,145853,145855,145857,145859,145861],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145846,3365],{"class":72},[66,145848,77],{"class":76},[66,145850,3370],{"class":102},[66,145852,2729],{"class":478},[66,145854,121],{"class":102},[66,145856,561],{"class":478},[66,145858,121],{"class":102},[66,145860,2186],{"class":478},[66,145862,3383],{"class":102},[66,145864,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145866,40950],{"class":72},[66,145868,77],{"class":76},[66,145870,145628],{"class":137},[66,145872,110],{"class":102},[66,145874,3397],{"class":106},[66,145876,121],{"class":102},[66,145878,5757],{"class":478},[66,145880,131],{"class":102},[66,145882,145883],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,145884,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,145886,145887,145889,145891,145893],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,145888,138],{"class":137},[66,145890,110],{"class":102},[66,145892,40979],{"class":106},[66,145894,131],{"class":102},[20,145896,148],{},[57,145898,145900],{"className":59,"code":145899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"16\n",[15,145901,145902],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145903,145904],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145905,145899],{"class":478},[20,145907,145908],{},"This works like:",[33,145910,145911,145916,145921,145925],{},[36,145912,145913,145914],{},"Start at ",[15,145915,2064],{},[36,145917,145918,145919],{},"Add ",[15,145920,2729],{},[36,145922,145918,145923],{},[15,145924,1788],{},[36,145926,145918,145927],{},[15,145928,1794],{},[20,145930,145931],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[52,145933,168,145935,145937],{"id":145934},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145936,145575],{}," can work with",[20,145939,145940,145942],{},[15,145941,145575],{}," works with numeric values.",[258,145944,40192],{"id":40191},[57,145946,145948],{"className":59,"code":145947,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145949,145950,145974],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145951,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970,145972],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145953,3573],{"class":72},[66,145955,77],{"class":76},[66,145957,3370],{"class":102},[66,145959,2729],{"class":478},[66,145961,121],{"class":102},[66,145963,561],{"class":478},[66,145965,121],{"class":102},[66,145967,2186],{"class":478},[66,145969,121],{"class":102},[66,145971,2192],{"class":478},[66,145973,3383],{"class":102},[66,145975,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,145977,138],{"class":137},[66,145979,110],{"class":102},[66,145981,145698],{"class":137},[66,145983,110],{"class":102},[66,145985,5114],{"class":106},[66,145987,1330],{"class":102},[20,145989,148],{},[57,145991,145992],{"className":59,"code":2110,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145993,145994],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145995,145996],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145997,2110],{"class":478},[258,145999,146000],{"id":51813},"Floats",[57,146002,146004],{"className":59,"code":146003,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146005,146006,146028],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146007,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146021,146023,146026],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146009,82812],{"class":72},[66,146011,77],{"class":76},[66,146013,3370],{"class":102},[66,146015,40926],{"class":478},[66,146017,121],{"class":102},[66,146019,146020],{"class":478}," 3.75",[66,146022,121],{"class":102},[66,146024,146025],{"class":478}," 1.25",[66,146027,3383],{"class":102},[66,146029,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146031,138],{"class":137},[66,146033,110],{"class":102},[66,146035,145698],{"class":137},[66,146037,110],{"class":102},[66,146039,82848],{"class":106},[66,146041,1330],{"class":102},[20,146043,148],{},[57,146045,146047],{"className":59,"code":146046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7.5\n",[15,146048,146049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146050,146051],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146052,146046],{"class":478},[20,146054,146055,146056,103],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[200,146057,146058],{"href":2153},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[258,146060,146062,146063],{"id":146061},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146064,35965],{},[57,146066,146068],{"className":59,"code":146067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146069,146070],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146071,146072,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088,146090],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146073,138],{"class":137},[66,146075,110],{"class":102},[66,146077,145698],{"class":137},[66,146079,110],{"class":102},[66,146081,59767],{"class":137},[66,146083,110],{"class":102},[66,146085,2729],{"class":478},[66,146087,121],{"class":102},[66,146089,37409],{"class":478},[66,146091,2652],{"class":102},[20,146093,148],{},[57,146095,146096],{"className":59,"code":46808,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146097,146098],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146099,146100],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146101,46808],{"class":478},[20,146103,113318,146104,103],{},[15,146105,146106],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[258,146108,146110],{"id":146109},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146112,146113,146114,146116,146117,798,146119,146116,146121,103],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146115,3350],{}," acts like ",[15,146118,2729],{},[15,146120,3424],{},[15,146122,1852],{},[57,146124,146126],{"className":59,"code":146125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146127,146128,146152],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146129,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148,146150],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146131,51733],{"class":72},[66,146133,77],{"class":76},[66,146135,3370],{"class":102},[66,146137,3350],{"class":3602},[66,146139,121],{"class":102},[66,146141,3659],{"class":3602},[66,146143,121],{"class":102},[66,146145,3668],{"class":3602},[66,146147,121],{"class":102},[66,146149,3668],{"class":3602},[66,146151,3383],{"class":102},[66,146153,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146155,138],{"class":137},[66,146157,110],{"class":102},[66,146159,145698],{"class":137},[66,146161,110],{"class":102},[66,146163,51786],{"class":106},[66,146165,1330],{"class":102},[20,146167,148],{},[57,146169,146170],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146171,146172],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146173,146174],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146175,46384],{"class":478},[20,146177,146178,146179,103],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146180,3350],{},[52,146182,168,146184,146186],{"id":146183},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146185,145575],{}," does not work with",[20,146188,146189,146191],{},[15,146190,145575],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[258,146193,146195],{"id":146194},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146197,2575],{},[57,146199,146201],{"className":59,"code":146200,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146202,146203,146227],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146204,146205,146207,146209,146211,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146206,3823],{"class":72},[66,146208,77],{"class":76},[66,146210,3370],{"class":102},[66,146212,113],{"class":80},[66,146214,939],{"class":84},[66,146216,113],{"class":80},[66,146218,121],{"class":102},[66,146220,81],{"class":80},[66,146222,1038],{"class":84},[66,146224,113],{"class":80},[66,146226,3383],{"class":102},[66,146228,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237,146239],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146230,138],{"class":137},[66,146232,110],{"class":102},[66,146234,145698],{"class":137},[66,146236,110],{"class":102},[66,146238,3866],{"class":106},[66,146240,1330],{"class":102},[20,146242,146243],{},"Use string joining instead:",[57,146245,146247],{"className":59,"code":146246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146248,146249,146273],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146250,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146252,3823],{"class":72},[66,146254,77],{"class":76},[66,146256,3370],{"class":102},[66,146258,113],{"class":80},[66,146260,939],{"class":84},[66,146262,113],{"class":80},[66,146264,121],{"class":102},[66,146266,81],{"class":80},[66,146268,1038],{"class":84},[66,146270,113],{"class":80},[66,146272,3383],{"class":102},[66,146274,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287,146289],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146276,138],{"class":137},[66,146278,110],{"class":102},[66,146280,6024],{"class":80},[66,146282,103],{"class":102},[66,146284,133250],{"class":106},[66,146286,110],{"class":102},[66,146288,3866],{"class":106},[66,146290,1330],{"class":102},[20,146292,148],{},[57,146294,146296],{"className":59,"code":146295,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"helloworld\n",[15,146297,146298],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146299,146300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146301,146295],{"class":72},[20,146303,146304,146305,103],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[200,146306,146307,5537],{"href":41941},[15,146308,47451],{},[258,146310,146312],{"id":146311},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146314,146315],{},"This also causes an error:",[57,146317,146319],{"className":59,"code":146318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146320,146321,146348],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146322,146323,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146324,146325],{"class":72},"lists ",[66,146327,77],{"class":76},[66,146329,56062],{"class":102},[66,146331,2729],{"class":478},[66,146333,121],{"class":102},[66,146335,561],{"class":478},[66,146337,17824],{"class":102},[66,146339,3370],{"class":102},[66,146341,1794],{"class":478},[66,146343,121],{"class":102},[66,146345,2192],{"class":478},[66,146347,53010],{"class":102},[66,146349,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146351,138],{"class":137},[66,146353,110],{"class":102},[66,146355,145698],{"class":137},[66,146357,110],{"class":102},[66,146359,5055],{"class":106},[66,146361,1330],{"class":102},[20,146363,146364,146366],{},[15,146365,145575],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[258,146368,146370],{"id":146369},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146372,5226],{},[57,146374,146376],{"className":59,"code":146375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146377,146378,146402],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146379,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146381,3573],{"class":72},[66,146383,77],{"class":76},[66,146385,3370],{"class":102},[66,146387,2729],{"class":478},[66,146389,121],{"class":102},[66,146391,561],{"class":478},[66,146393,121],{"class":102},[66,146395,81],{"class":80},[66,146397,1794],{"class":84},[66,146399,113],{"class":80},[66,146401,3383],{"class":102},[66,146403,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146405,138],{"class":137},[66,146407,110],{"class":102},[66,146409,145698],{"class":137},[66,146411,110],{"class":102},[66,146413,5114],{"class":106},[66,146415,1330],{"class":102},[20,146417,146418],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146420,146421,146422,146424,146425,103],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146423,65709],{},", convert them first. See ",[200,146426,2703],{"href":2702},[52,146428,41271],{"id":41270},[20,146430,146431,146432,103],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146433,145575],{},[258,146435,6278],{"id":6277},[20,146437,4277],{},[57,146439,146441],{"className":59,"code":146440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146442,146443],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146444,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146446,138],{"class":137},[66,146448,110],{"class":102},[66,146450,145698],{"class":137},[66,146452,110],{"class":102},[66,146454,1869],{"class":478},[66,146456,1330],{"class":102},[20,146458,146459],{},"Why it fails:",[33,146461,146462,146467],{},[36,146463,146464,146466],{},[15,146465,1869],{}," is a single integer",[36,146468,146469,146471],{},[15,146470,145575],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146473,6308],{},[57,146475,146477],{"className":59,"code":146476,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146478,146479],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146480,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146482,138],{"class":137},[66,146484,110],{"class":102},[66,146486,145698],{"class":137},[66,146488,2726],{"class":102},[66,146490,1869],{"class":478},[66,146492,2740],{"class":102},[20,146494,148],{},[57,146496,146497],{"className":59,"code":2687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146498,146499],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146500,146501],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146502,2687],{"class":478},[258,146504,146506],{"id":146505},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146508,4277],{},[57,146510,146512],{"className":59,"code":146511,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146513,146514,146546],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146515,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540,146542,146544],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146517,3573],{"class":72},[66,146519,77],{"class":76},[66,146521,3370],{"class":102},[66,146523,113],{"class":80},[66,146525,2729],{"class":84},[66,146527,113],{"class":80},[66,146529,121],{"class":102},[66,146531,81],{"class":80},[66,146533,1788],{"class":84},[66,146535,113],{"class":80},[66,146537,121],{"class":102},[66,146539,81],{"class":80},[66,146541,1794],{"class":84},[66,146543,113],{"class":80},[66,146545,3383],{"class":102},[66,146547,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146549,138],{"class":137},[66,146551,110],{"class":102},[66,146553,145698],{"class":137},[66,146555,110],{"class":102},[66,146557,5114],{"class":106},[66,146559,1330],{"class":102},[20,146561,146562],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[57,146564,146566],{"className":59,"code":146565,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146567,146568,146600,146628],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146569,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146571,3573],{"class":72},[66,146573,77],{"class":76},[66,146575,3370],{"class":102},[66,146577,113],{"class":80},[66,146579,2729],{"class":84},[66,146581,113],{"class":80},[66,146583,121],{"class":102},[66,146585,81],{"class":80},[66,146587,1788],{"class":84},[66,146589,113],{"class":80},[66,146591,121],{"class":102},[66,146593,81],{"class":80},[66,146595,1794],{"class":84},[66,146597,113],{"class":80},[66,146599,3383],{"class":102},[66,146601,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146603,40950],{"class":72},[66,146605,77],{"class":76},[66,146607,145628],{"class":137},[66,146609,110],{"class":102},[66,146611,1922],{"class":2641},[66,146613,110],{"class":102},[66,146615,960],{"class":106},[66,146617,3410],{"class":102},[66,146619,3628],{"class":3627},[66,146621,3631],{"class":106},[66,146623,3634],{"class":3627},[66,146625,3637],{"class":106},[66,146627,131],{"class":102},[66,146629,146630,146632,146634,146636],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,146631,138],{"class":137},[66,146633,110],{"class":102},[66,146635,40979],{"class":106},[66,146637,131],{"class":102},[20,146639,148],{},[57,146641,146642],{"className":59,"code":2392,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146643,146644],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146645,146646],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146647,2392],{"class":478},[20,146649,146650],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[258,146652,146654],{"id":146653},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146656,4277],{},[57,146658,146660],{"className":59,"code":146659,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146661,146662,146690],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146663,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146665,3573],{"class":72},[66,146667,77],{"class":76},[66,146669,3370],{"class":102},[66,146671,2729],{"class":478},[66,146673,121],{"class":102},[66,146675,561],{"class":478},[66,146677,121],{"class":102},[66,146679,81],{"class":80},[66,146681,1794],{"class":84},[66,146683,113],{"class":80},[66,146685,121],{"class":102},[66,146687,2192],{"class":478},[66,146689,3383],{"class":102},[66,146691,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146693,138],{"class":137},[66,146695,110],{"class":102},[66,146697,145698],{"class":137},[66,146699,110],{"class":102},[66,146701,5114],{"class":106},[66,146703,1330],{"class":102},[20,146705,146706],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[57,146708,146710],{"className":59,"code":146709,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146711,146712,146740,146768],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146713,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146715,3573],{"class":72},[66,146717,77],{"class":76},[66,146719,3370],{"class":102},[66,146721,2729],{"class":478},[66,146723,121],{"class":102},[66,146725,561],{"class":478},[66,146727,121],{"class":102},[66,146729,81],{"class":80},[66,146731,1794],{"class":84},[66,146733,113],{"class":80},[66,146735,121],{"class":102},[66,146737,2192],{"class":478},[66,146739,3383],{"class":102},[66,146741,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146743,40950],{"class":72},[66,146745,77],{"class":76},[66,146747,145628],{"class":137},[66,146749,110],{"class":102},[66,146751,1922],{"class":2641},[66,146753,110],{"class":102},[66,146755,960],{"class":106},[66,146757,3410],{"class":102},[66,146759,3628],{"class":3627},[66,146761,3631],{"class":106},[66,146763,3634],{"class":3627},[66,146765,3637],{"class":106},[66,146767,131],{"class":102},[66,146769,146770,146772,146774,146776],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,146771,138],{"class":137},[66,146773,110],{"class":102},[66,146775,40979],{"class":106},[66,146777,131],{"class":102},[20,146779,148],{},[57,146781,146782],{"className":59,"code":2110,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146783,146784],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146785,146786],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146787,2110],{"class":478},[258,146789,8176,146791,146793],{"id":146790},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146792,145575],{}," to join text",[20,146795,4277],{},[57,146797,146799],{"className":59,"code":146798,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146800,146801,146857],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146802,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146804,35857],{"class":72},[66,146806,77],{"class":76},[66,146808,3370],{"class":102},[66,146810,113],{"class":80},[66,146812,133848],{"class":84},[66,146814,113],{"class":80},[66,146816,121],{"class":102},[66,146818,81],{"class":80},[66,146820,969],{"class":84},[66,146822,113],{"class":80},[66,146824,121],{"class":102},[66,146826,81],{"class":80},[66,146828,63051],{"class":84},[66,146830,113],{"class":80},[66,146832,121],{"class":102},[66,146834,81],{"class":80},[66,146836,60206],{"class":84},[66,146838,113],{"class":80},[66,146840,121],{"class":102},[66,146842,81],{"class":80},[66,146844,656],{"class":84},[66,146846,113],{"class":80},[66,146848,121],{"class":102},[66,146850,81],{"class":80},[66,146852,75794],{"class":84},[66,146854,113],{"class":80},[66,146856,3383],{"class":102},[66,146858,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146860,138],{"class":137},[66,146862,110],{"class":102},[66,146864,145698],{"class":137},[66,146866,110],{"class":102},[66,146868,35910],{"class":106},[66,146870,1330],{"class":102},[20,146872,160,146873,60298],{},[15,146874,133173],{},[57,146876,146878],{"className":59,"code":146877,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146879,146880,146936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146881,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146883,35857],{"class":72},[66,146885,77],{"class":76},[66,146887,3370],{"class":102},[66,146889,113],{"class":80},[66,146891,133848],{"class":84},[66,146893,113],{"class":80},[66,146895,121],{"class":102},[66,146897,81],{"class":80},[66,146899,969],{"class":84},[66,146901,113],{"class":80},[66,146903,121],{"class":102},[66,146905,81],{"class":80},[66,146907,63051],{"class":84},[66,146909,113],{"class":80},[66,146911,121],{"class":102},[66,146913,81],{"class":80},[66,146915,60206],{"class":84},[66,146917,113],{"class":80},[66,146919,121],{"class":102},[66,146921,81],{"class":80},[66,146923,656],{"class":84},[66,146925,113],{"class":80},[66,146927,121],{"class":102},[66,146929,81],{"class":80},[66,146931,75794],{"class":84},[66,146933,113],{"class":80},[66,146935,3383],{"class":102},[66,146937,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,146939,138],{"class":137},[66,146941,110],{"class":102},[66,146943,6024],{"class":80},[66,146945,103],{"class":102},[66,146947,133250],{"class":106},[66,146949,110],{"class":102},[66,146951,35910],{"class":106},[66,146953,1330],{"class":102},[20,146955,148],{},[57,146957,146958],{"className":59,"code":133929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146959,146960],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146961,146962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146963,133929],{"class":72},[20,146965,146966,146967,103],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[200,146968,146969],{"href":135010},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[52,146971,146973,146975],{"id":146972},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146974,145575],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146977,146978,146980],{},[15,146979,145575],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[258,146982,8176,146984],{"id":146983},"using-sum",[15,146985,145575],{},[57,146987,146989],{"className":59,"code":146988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146990,146991,147011,147025],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146992,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146994,3365],{"class":72},[66,146996,77],{"class":76},[66,146998,3370],{"class":102},[66,147000,2241],{"class":478},[66,147002,121],{"class":102},[66,147004,5746],{"class":478},[66,147006,121],{"class":102},[66,147008,53904],{"class":478},[66,147010,3383],{"class":102},[66,147012,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,147014,40950],{"class":72},[66,147016,77],{"class":76},[66,147018,145628],{"class":137},[66,147020,110],{"class":102},[66,147022,3397],{"class":106},[66,147024,131],{"class":102},[66,147026,147027,147029,147031,147033],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,147028,138],{"class":137},[66,147030,110],{"class":102},[66,147032,40979],{"class":106},[66,147034,131],{"class":102},[258,147036,147038],{"id":147037},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[57,147040,147042],{"className":59,"code":147041,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147043,147044,147064,147072,147076,147088,147096,147100],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147045,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147047,3365],{"class":72},[66,147049,77],{"class":76},[66,147051,3370],{"class":102},[66,147053,2241],{"class":478},[66,147055,121],{"class":102},[66,147057,5746],{"class":478},[66,147059,121],{"class":102},[66,147061,53904],{"class":478},[66,147063,3383],{"class":102},[66,147065,147066,147068,147070],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,147067,40950],{"class":72},[66,147069,77],{"class":76},[66,147071,38279],{"class":478},[66,147073,147074],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,147075,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,147077,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,147079,5710],{"class":3627},[66,147081,6139],{"class":72},[66,147083,3634],{"class":3627},[66,147085,4016],{"class":72},[66,147087,6146],{"class":102},[66,147089,147090,147092,147094],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,147091,89868],{"class":72},[66,147093,89871],{"class":76},[66,147095,89874],{"class":72},[66,147097,147098],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,147099,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,147101,147102,147104,147106,147108],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,147103,138],{"class":137},[66,147105,110],{"class":102},[66,147107,40979],{"class":106},[66,147109,131],{"class":102},[20,147111,147112],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147114,2224,147115,147117],{},[15,147116,145575],{}," is often better:",[33,147119,147120,147123,147126],{},[36,147121,147122],{},"Shorter code",[36,147124,147125],{},"Easier to read",[36,147127,147128],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147130,147131],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[33,147133,147134,147137,147140],{},[36,147135,147136],{},"You need to skip some values",[36,147138,147139],{},"You need extra checks",[36,147141,147142],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147144,147145,147146,147149,147150,147152],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[200,147147,147148],{"href":39775},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147151,145575],{}," on the filtered result.",[52,147154,2568],{"id":2567},[20,147156,147157,147158,1111],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147159,145575],{},[33,147161,147162,147168,147175,147182],{},[36,147163,147164,147165],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147166,147167],{},"sum(5)",[36,147169,147170,147171,147174],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147172,147173],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[36,147176,8176,147177,147179,147180],{},[15,147178,145575],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147181,133173],{},[36,147183,147184],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147186,8635,147187,147189],{},[15,147188,145575],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[57,147191,147193],{"className":59,"code":147192,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147194,147195,147205,147219,147243],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147196,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147198,138],{"class":137},[66,147200,110],{"class":102},[66,147202,5114],{"class":106},[66,147204,131],{"class":102},[66,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,147208,138],{"class":137},[66,147210,110],{"class":102},[66,147212,2964],{"class":2641},[66,147214,110],{"class":102},[66,147216,5114],{"class":106},[66,147218,1330],{"class":102},[66,147220,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,147222,138],{"class":137},[66,147224,2726],{"class":102},[66,147226,2964],{"class":2641},[66,147228,110],{"class":102},[66,147230,960],{"class":106},[66,147232,3410],{"class":102},[66,147234,3628],{"class":3627},[66,147236,3631],{"class":106},[66,147238,3634],{"class":3627},[66,147240,3637],{"class":106},[66,147242,3640],{"class":102},[66,147244,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,147246,138],{"class":137},[66,147248,110],{"class":102},[66,147250,145698],{"class":137},[66,147252,2726],{"class":102},[66,147254,1922],{"class":2641},[66,147256,110],{"class":102},[66,147258,960],{"class":106},[66,147260,3410],{"class":102},[66,147262,3628],{"class":3627},[66,147264,3631],{"class":106},[66,147266,3634],{"class":3627},[66,147268,3637],{"class":106},[66,147270,2740],{"class":102},[20,147272,135743],{},[33,147274,147275,147281,147287,147292],{},[36,147276,147277,147280],{},[15,147278,147279],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[36,147282,147283,147286],{},[15,147284,147285],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[36,147288,147289,135765],{},[15,147290,147291],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[36,147293,147294,147297],{},[15,147295,147296],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[52,147299,1518],{"id":1517},[258,147301,4897,147303,4900],{"id":147302},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147304,145575],{},[20,147306,147307],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[258,147309,1573,147311,147313],{"id":147310},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147312,145575],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147315,30037,147316,2617,147319,147322],{},[15,147317,147318],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147320,147321],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[258,147324,1573,147326,147328],{"id":147325},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147327,145575],{}," work with floats?",[20,147330,147331],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[258,147333,147335,147336,2228],{"id":147334},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147337,145575],{},[20,147339,147340,147341,147343],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147342,35839],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[258,147345,4913,147347,119152,147349,2228],{"id":147346},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147348,145575],{},[15,147350,2746],{},[20,147352,147353],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[52,147355,1620],{"id":1619},[33,147357,147358,147362,147368,147374,147380,147384,147388],{},[36,147359,147360],{},[200,147361,146058],{"href":2153},[36,147363,147364],{},[200,147365,3321,147366,3254],{"href":35962},[15,147367,35965],{},[36,147369,147370],{},[200,147371,3321,147372,3254],{"href":42124},[15,147373,42127],{},[36,147375,147376],{},[200,147377,3321,147378,3254],{"href":41941},[15,147379,47451],{},[36,147381,147382],{},[200,147383,4976],{"href":39775},[36,147385,147386],{},[200,147387,3271],{"href":2702},[36,147389,147390],{},[200,147391,146969],{"href":135010},[1651,147393,147394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":147396},[147397,147398,147400,147401,147402,147404,147412,147418,147425,147431,147432,147444],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":145654,"depth":91,"text":147399},"What sum() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":145832,"depth":91,"text":147403},"Using the start value",{"id":145934,"depth":91,"text":147405,"children":147406},"What sum() can work with",[147407,147408,147409,147411],{"id":40191,"depth":134,"text":40192},{"id":51813,"depth":134,"text":146000},{"id":146061,"depth":134,"text":147410},"Values from range()",{"id":146109,"depth":134,"text":146110},{"id":146183,"depth":91,"text":147413,"children":147414},"What sum() does not work with",[147415,147416,147417],{"id":146194,"depth":134,"text":146195},{"id":146311,"depth":134,"text":146312},{"id":146369,"depth":134,"text":146370},{"id":41270,"depth":91,"text":41271,"children":147419},[147420,147421,147422,147423],{"id":6277,"depth":134,"text":6278},{"id":146505,"depth":134,"text":146506},{"id":146653,"depth":134,"text":146654},{"id":146790,"depth":134,"text":147424},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146972,"depth":91,"text":147426,"children":147427},"sum() vs manual loop",[147428,147430],{"id":146983,"depth":134,"text":147429},"Using sum()",{"id":147037,"depth":134,"text":147038},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":147433},[147434,147436,147438,147440,147442],{"id":147302,"depth":134,"text":147435},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147310,"depth":134,"text":147437},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147325,"depth":134,"text":147439},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147334,"depth":134,"text":147441},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147346,"depth":134,"text":147443},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145567,"description":147445},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147452,"title":147453,"body":147454,"description":148856,"extension":1694,"meta":148857,"navigation":338,"path":148858,"seo":148859,"stem":148860,"__hash__":148861},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147455,"toc":148824},[147456,147462,147468,147471,147534,147540,147545,147549,147566,147580,147584,147604,147618,147620,147713,147715,147729,147731,147734,147823,147825,147833,147842,147844,147848,147869,147871,147963,147965,147986,147988,147992,148006,148008,148082,148084,148103,148107,148110,148133,148135,148246,148253,148261,148263,148269,148272,148315,148318,148341,148349,148353,148428,148434,148459,148466,148469,148472,148476,148481,148569,148577,148581,148584,148609,148613,148674,148678,148727,148737,148739,148744,148747,148753,148756,148760,148764,148770,148773,148781,148789,148791,148821],[10,147457,147459,147460,18],{"id":147458},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147461,57059],{},[20,147463,147464,147467],{},[15,147465,147466],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147469,147470],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[57,147472,147474],{"className":59,"code":147473,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147475,147476,147504,147522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147477,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490,147492,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147479,3365],{"class":72},[66,147481,77],{"class":76},[66,147483,8997],{"class":102},[66,147485,2729],{"class":478},[66,147487,121],{"class":102},[66,147489,561],{"class":478},[66,147491,121],{"class":102},[66,147493,561],{"class":478},[66,147495,121],{"class":102},[66,147497,2186],{"class":478},[66,147499,121],{"class":102},[66,147501,561],{"class":478},[66,147503,131],{"class":102},[66,147505,147506,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,147507,447],{"class":72},[66,147509,77],{"class":76},[66,147511,4016],{"class":72},[66,147513,103],{"class":102},[66,147515,195],{"class":106},[66,147517,110],{"class":102},[66,147519,1788],{"class":478},[66,147521,131],{"class":102},[66,147523,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,147525,138],{"class":137},[66,147527,110],{"class":102},[66,147529,494],{"class":106},[66,147531,3410],{"class":102},[66,147533,50538],{"class":3413},[20,147535,160,147536,147539],{},[15,147537,147538],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[52,147541,168,147543,41],{"id":147542},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147544,147466],{},[20,147546,147547,1111],{},[15,147548,147538],{},[33,147550,147551,147557,147560,147563],{},[36,147552,147553,147554,147556],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147555,2208],{}," appears in the tuple",[36,147558,147559],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[36,147561,147562],{},"Returns an integer",[36,147564,147565],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147567,147568,147569,147571,147572,2617,147576,103],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147570,57059],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[200,147573,147575],{"href":147574},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[200,147577,147579],{"href":147578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[52,147581,147583],{"id":147582},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[57,147585,147587],{"className":59,"code":147586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147588,147589],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147590,147591,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147592,147593],{"class":72},"my_tuple",[66,147595,103],{"class":102},[66,147597,195],{"class":106},[66,147599,110],{"class":102},[66,147601,2208],{"class":106},[66,147603,131],{"class":102},[33,147605,147606,147610,147613],{},[36,147607,147608,57224],{},[15,147609,2208],{},[36,147611,147612],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[36,147614,147615,147616],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147617,1852],{},[258,147619,102868],{"id":102867},[57,147621,147623],{"className":59,"code":147622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147624,147625,147665,147689],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147626,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147628,12838],{"class":72},[66,147630,77],{"class":76},[66,147632,8997],{"class":102},[66,147634,113],{"class":80},[66,147636,1392],{"class":84},[66,147638,113],{"class":80},[66,147640,121],{"class":102},[66,147642,81],{"class":80},[66,147644,1401],{"class":84},[66,147646,113],{"class":80},[66,147648,121],{"class":102},[66,147650,81],{"class":80},[66,147652,1392],{"class":84},[66,147654,113],{"class":80},[66,147656,121],{"class":102},[66,147658,81],{"class":80},[66,147660,17217],{"class":84},[66,147662,113],{"class":80},[66,147664,131],{"class":102},[66,147666,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,147668,138],{"class":137},[66,147670,110],{"class":102},[66,147672,17264],{"class":106},[66,147674,103],{"class":102},[66,147676,195],{"class":106},[66,147678,110],{"class":102},[66,147680,113],{"class":80},[66,147682,1392],{"class":84},[66,147684,113],{"class":80},[66,147686,5117],{"class":102},[66,147688,57414],{"class":3413},[66,147690,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,147692,138],{"class":137},[66,147694,110],{"class":102},[66,147696,17264],{"class":106},[66,147698,103],{"class":102},[66,147700,195],{"class":106},[66,147702,110],{"class":102},[66,147704,113],{"class":80},[66,147706,22288],{"class":84},[66,147708,113],{"class":80},[66,147710,5117],{"class":102},[66,147712,51014],{"class":3413},[20,147714,19720],{},[33,147716,147717,147722],{},[36,147718,147719,147721],{},[15,147720,65156],{}," appears 2 times",[36,147723,147724,147726,147727],{},[15,147725,109564],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147728,1852],{},[52,147730,11238],{"id":11237},[20,147732,147733],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[57,147735,147737],{"className":59,"code":147736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147738,147739,147787,147791,147813],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147740,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147742,36006],{"class":72},[66,147744,77],{"class":76},[66,147746,8997],{"class":102},[66,147748,113],{"class":80},[66,147750,3832],{"class":84},[66,147752,113],{"class":80},[66,147754,121],{"class":102},[66,147756,81],{"class":80},[66,147758,627],{"class":84},[66,147760,113],{"class":80},[66,147762,121],{"class":102},[66,147764,81],{"class":80},[66,147766,3832],{"class":84},[66,147768,113],{"class":80},[66,147770,121],{"class":102},[66,147772,81],{"class":80},[66,147774,32989],{"class":84},[66,147776,113],{"class":80},[66,147778,121],{"class":102},[66,147780,81],{"class":80},[66,147782,3832],{"class":84},[66,147784,113],{"class":80},[66,147786,131],{"class":102},[66,147788,147789],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,147790,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,147792,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,147794,447],{"class":72},[66,147796,77],{"class":76},[66,147798,52619],{"class":72},[66,147800,103],{"class":102},[66,147802,195],{"class":106},[66,147804,110],{"class":102},[66,147806,113],{"class":80},[66,147808,3832],{"class":84},[66,147810,113],{"class":80},[66,147812,131],{"class":102},[66,147814,147815,147817,147819,147821],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,147816,138],{"class":137},[66,147818,110],{"class":102},[66,147820,494],{"class":106},[66,147822,131],{"class":102},[20,147824,148],{},[57,147826,147827],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,147828,147829],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147830,147831],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147832,46384],{"class":478},[20,147834,147835,147837,147838,2131,147840,103],{},[15,147836,57602],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147839,57059],{},[15,147841,1794],{},[52,147843,37786],{"id":37785},[20,147845,57313,147846,128484],{},[15,147847,57059],{},[33,147849,147850,147855,147860,147863],{},[36,147851,11186,147852,147854],{},[15,147853,1852],{}," when the value does not exist",[36,147856,11186,147857,147859],{},[15,147858,2729],{}," when the value appears once",[36,147861,147862],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[36,147864,147865,147866,147868],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147867,6752],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147870,923],{},[57,147872,147874],{"className":59,"code":147873,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147875,147876,147917,147921,147948],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147877,147878,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147879,147880],{"class":72},"answers ",[66,147882,77],{"class":76},[66,147884,8997],{"class":102},[66,147886,113],{"class":80},[66,147888,8417],{"class":84},[66,147890,113],{"class":80},[66,147892,121],{"class":102},[66,147894,81],{"class":80},[66,147896,8356],{"class":84},[66,147898,113],{"class":80},[66,147900,121],{"class":102},[66,147902,81],{"class":80},[66,147904,8417],{"class":84},[66,147906,113],{"class":80},[66,147908,121],{"class":102},[66,147910,81],{"class":80},[66,147912,8417],{"class":84},[66,147914,113],{"class":80},[66,147916,131],{"class":102},[66,147918,147919],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,147920,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,147922,147923,147925,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,147924,6752],{"class":3627},[66,147926,147927],{"class":72}," answers",[66,147929,103],{"class":102},[66,147931,195],{"class":106},[66,147933,110],{"class":102},[66,147935,113],{"class":80},[66,147937,8417],{"class":84},[66,147939,113],{"class":80},[66,147941,3410],{"class":102},[66,147943,38162],{"class":76},[66,147945,479],{"class":478},[66,147947,6146],{"class":102},[66,147949,147950,147952,147954,147956,147959,147961],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,147951,7826],{"class":137},[66,147953,110],{"class":102},[66,147955,113],{"class":80},[66,147957,147958],{"class":84},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[66,147960,113],{"class":80},[66,147962,131],{"class":102},[20,147964,148],{},[57,147966,147968],{"className":59,"code":147967,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147969,147970],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147971,147972,147975,147977,147979,147981,147984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147973,147974],{"class":72},"The answer ",[66,147976,3044],{"class":80},[66,147978,8417],{"class":84},[66,147980,3044],{"class":80},[66,147982,147983],{"class":72}," appears more than once",[66,147985,122146],{"class":102},[52,147987,40813],{"id":40812},[20,147989,35171,147990,104331],{},[15,147991,147466],{},[33,147993,147994,147997,148000,148003],{},[36,147995,147996],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[36,147998,147999],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[36,148001,148002],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[36,148004,148005],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148007,923],{},[57,148009,148011],{"className":59,"code":148010,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148012,148013,148041,148045,148067],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148014,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148016,4818],{"class":72},[66,148018,77],{"class":76},[66,148020,8997],{"class":102},[66,148022,2064],{"class":478},[66,148024,121],{"class":102},[66,148026,7546],{"class":478},[66,148028,121],{"class":102},[66,148030,5757],{"class":478},[66,148032,121],{"class":102},[66,148034,7551],{"class":478},[66,148036,121],{"class":102},[66,148038,5757],{"class":478},[66,148040,131],{"class":102},[66,148042,148043],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148044,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,148046,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,148048,6752],{"class":3627},[66,148050,4865],{"class":72},[66,148052,103],{"class":102},[66,148054,195],{"class":106},[66,148056,110],{"class":102},[66,148058,2064],{"class":478},[66,148060,3410],{"class":102},[66,148062,51055],{"class":76},[66,148064,561],{"class":478},[66,148066,6146],{"class":102},[66,148068,148069,148071,148073,148075,148078,148080],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,148070,7826],{"class":137},[66,148072,110],{"class":102},[66,148074,113],{"class":80},[66,148076,148077],{"class":84},"The score 10 is repeated.",[66,148079,113],{"class":80},[66,148081,131],{"class":102},[20,148083,148],{},[57,148085,148087],{"className":59,"code":148086,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148088,148089],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148090,148091,148094,148096,148098,148101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148092,148093],{"class":72},"The score ",[66,148095,2064],{"class":478},[66,148097,7854],{"class":76},[66,148099,148100],{"class":72}," repeated",[66,148102,122146],{"class":102},[52,148104,148106],{"id":148105},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148108,148109],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[33,148111,148112,148118,148123,148126],{},[36,148113,148114,148115,148117],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148116,57059],{}," still works because it only reads data",[36,148119,148120,148122],{},[15,148121,57059],{}," counts exact matches",[36,148124,148125],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[36,148127,148128,798,148130,148132],{},[15,148129,2729],{},[15,148131,41924],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148134,923],{},[57,148136,148138],{"className":59,"code":148137,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148139,148140,148174,148178,148198,148222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148141,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148155,148157,148159,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148143,3573],{"class":72},[66,148145,77],{"class":76},[66,148147,8997],{"class":102},[66,148149,2729],{"class":478},[66,148151,121],{"class":102},[66,148153,148154],{"class":478}," 1.0",[66,148156,121],{"class":102},[66,148158,81],{"class":80},[66,148160,148161],{"class":84},"Cat",[66,148163,113],{"class":80},[66,148165,121],{"class":102},[66,148167,81],{"class":80},[66,148169,462],{"class":84},[66,148171,113],{"class":80},[66,148173,131],{"class":102},[66,148175,148176],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148177,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,148179,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,148181,138],{"class":137},[66,148183,110],{"class":102},[66,148185,5114],{"class":106},[66,148187,103],{"class":102},[66,148189,195],{"class":106},[66,148191,110],{"class":102},[66,148193,2729],{"class":478},[66,148195,5117],{"class":102},[66,148197,50861],{"class":3413},[66,148199,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,148201,138],{"class":137},[66,148203,110],{"class":102},[66,148205,5114],{"class":106},[66,148207,103],{"class":102},[66,148209,195],{"class":106},[66,148211,110],{"class":102},[66,148213,113],{"class":80},[66,148215,148161],{"class":84},[66,148217,113],{"class":80},[66,148219,5117],{"class":102},[66,148221,27545],{"class":3413},[66,148223,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,148225,138],{"class":137},[66,148227,110],{"class":102},[66,148229,5114],{"class":106},[66,148231,103],{"class":102},[66,148233,195],{"class":106},[66,148235,110],{"class":102},[66,148237,113],{"class":80},[66,148239,462],{"class":84},[66,148241,113],{"class":80},[66,148243,5117],{"class":102},[66,148245,27545],{"class":3413},[20,148247,4913,148248,4916,148251,2228],{},[15,148249,148250],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148252,1788],{},[20,148254,8545,148255,4537,148258,148260],{},[15,148256,148257],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148259,3350],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[52,148262,2568],{"id":2567},[258,148264,8176,148266,148268],{"id":148265},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148267,195],{}," without parentheses",[20,148270,148271],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[57,148273,148275],{"className":59,"code":148274,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148276,148277,148301],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148278,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148280,3365],{"class":72},[66,148282,77],{"class":76},[66,148284,8997],{"class":102},[66,148286,2729],{"class":478},[66,148288,121],{"class":102},[66,148290,561],{"class":478},[66,148292,121],{"class":102},[66,148294,561],{"class":478},[66,148296,121],{"class":102},[66,148298,2186],{"class":478},[66,148300,131],{"class":102},[66,148302,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148304,138],{"class":137},[66,148306,110],{"class":102},[66,148308,3397],{"class":106},[66,148310,103],{"class":102},[66,148312,195],{"class":24515},[66,148314,131],{"class":102},[20,148316,148317],{},"To call the method correctly:",[57,148319,148321],{"className":59,"code":148320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148322,148323],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148324,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148326,138],{"class":137},[66,148328,110],{"class":102},[66,148330,3397],{"class":106},[66,148332,103],{"class":102},[66,148334,195],{"class":106},[66,148336,110],{"class":102},[66,148338,1788],{"class":478},[66,148340,1330],{"class":102},[258,148342,1119,148343,8214,148345,2617,148347],{"id":58361},[15,148344,57059],{},[15,148346,3350],{},[15,148348,3424],{},[20,148350,148351,58372],{},[15,148352,57059],{},[57,148354,148356],{"className":59,"code":148355,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148357,148358,148390,148412,148416],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148359,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148361,35857],{"class":72},[66,148363,77],{"class":76},[66,148365,8997],{"class":102},[66,148367,113],{"class":80},[66,148369,200],{"class":84},[66,148371,113],{"class":80},[66,148373,121],{"class":102},[66,148375,81],{"class":80},[66,148377,4514],{"class":84},[66,148379,113],{"class":80},[66,148381,121],{"class":102},[66,148383,81],{"class":80},[66,148385,200],{"class":84},[66,148387,113],{"class":80},[66,148389,131],{"class":102},[66,148391,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148393,447],{"class":72},[66,148395,77],{"class":76},[66,148397,69860],{"class":72},[66,148399,103],{"class":102},[66,148401,195],{"class":106},[66,148403,110],{"class":102},[66,148405,113],{"class":80},[66,148407,200],{"class":84},[66,148409,113],{"class":80},[66,148411,131],{"class":102},[66,148413,148414],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,148415,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,148417,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,148419,138],{"class":137},[66,148421,110],{"class":102},[66,148423,494],{"class":106},[66,148425,3410],{"class":102},[66,148427,51182],{"class":3413},[20,148429,148430,148431,148433],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148432,3634],{}," is often simpler:",[57,148435,148437],{"className":59,"code":148436,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148438,148439],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148440,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148442,138],{"class":137},[66,148444,110],{"class":102},[66,148446,113],{"class":80},[66,148448,200],{"class":84},[66,148450,113],{"class":80},[66,148452,20937],{"class":3627},[66,148454,69860],{"class":106},[66,148456,3410],{"class":102},[66,148458,3414],{"class":3413},[258,148460,1128,148462,8464,148464],{"id":148461},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148463,147466],{},[15,148465,57064],{},[20,148467,148468],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148470,148471],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[258,148473,148475],{"id":148474},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148477,148478,148480],{},[15,148479,57059],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[57,148482,148484],{"className":59,"code":148483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148485,148486,148519,148545],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148487,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148489,3823],{"class":72},[66,148491,77],{"class":76},[66,148493,8997],{"class":102},[66,148495,113],{"class":80},[66,148497,3832],{"class":84},[66,148499,113],{"class":80},[66,148501,121],{"class":102},[66,148503,81],{"class":80},[66,148505,148506],{"class":84},"pineapple",[66,148508,113],{"class":80},[66,148510,121],{"class":102},[66,148512,81],{"class":80},[66,148514,3832],{"class":84},[66,148516,113],{"class":80},[66,148518,131],{"class":102},[66,148520,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148538,148540,148542],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148522,138],{"class":137},[66,148524,110],{"class":102},[66,148526,3866],{"class":106},[66,148528,103],{"class":102},[66,148530,195],{"class":106},[66,148532,110],{"class":102},[66,148534,113],{"class":80},[66,148536,148537],{"class":84},"app",[66,148539,113],{"class":80},[66,148541,5117],{"class":102},[66,148543,148544],{"class":3413},"    # 0\n",[66,148546,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,148548,138],{"class":137},[66,148550,110],{"class":102},[66,148552,3866],{"class":106},[66,148554,103],{"class":102},[66,148556,195],{"class":106},[66,148558,110],{"class":102},[66,148560,113],{"class":80},[66,148562,3832],{"class":84},[66,148564,113],{"class":80},[66,148566,5117],{"class":102},[66,148568,51182],{"class":3413},[20,148570,148571,148574,148575,103],{},[15,148572,148573],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148576,1852],{},[52,148578,148580],{"id":148579},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148582,148583],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[33,148585,148586,148591,148600,148606],{},[36,148587,160,148588,148590],{},[15,148589,3634],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[36,148592,160,148593,148599],{},[200,148594,148596,148597],{"href":148595},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148598,58736],{}," to find the position of a value",[36,148601,160,148602,148605],{},[15,148603,148604],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[36,148607,148608],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148610,45807,148611,1111],{},[15,148612,3634],{},[57,148614,148616],{"className":59,"code":148615,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148617,148618,148638,148642,148658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148619,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148621,3365],{"class":72},[66,148623,77],{"class":76},[66,148625,8997],{"class":102},[66,148627,2241],{"class":478},[66,148629,121],{"class":102},[66,148631,5746],{"class":478},[66,148633,121],{"class":102},[66,148635,53904],{"class":478},[66,148637,131],{"class":102},[66,148639,148640],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148641,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,148643,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,148645,138],{"class":137},[66,148647,110],{"class":102},[66,148649,1756],{"class":478},[66,148651,20937],{"class":3627},[66,148653,4016],{"class":106},[66,148655,3410],{"class":102},[66,148657,43621],{"class":3413},[66,148659,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,148661,138],{"class":137},[66,148663,110],{"class":102},[66,148665,1869],{"class":478},[66,148667,20937],{"class":3627},[66,148669,4016],{"class":106},[66,148671,3410],{"class":102},[66,148673,43638],{"class":3413},[20,148675,45807,148676,1111],{},[15,148677,58736],{},[57,148679,148681],{"className":59,"code":148680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148682,148683,148707],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148684,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148686,3365],{"class":72},[66,148688,77],{"class":76},[66,148690,8997],{"class":102},[66,148692,2241],{"class":478},[66,148694,121],{"class":102},[66,148696,5746],{"class":478},[66,148698,121],{"class":102},[66,148700,53904],{"class":478},[66,148702,121],{"class":102},[66,148704,5746],{"class":478},[66,148706,131],{"class":102},[66,148708,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148710,138],{"class":137},[66,148712,110],{"class":102},[66,148714,3397],{"class":106},[66,148716,103],{"class":102},[66,148718,35612],{"class":106},[66,148720,110],{"class":102},[66,148722,1756],{"class":478},[66,148724,5117],{"class":102},[66,148726,27545],{"class":3413},[20,148728,148729,148731,148732,148734,148736],{},[15,148730,57059],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9608,148733],{},[15,148735,58736],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[52,148738,1518],{"id":1517},[258,148740,4897,148742,4900],{"id":148741},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148743,147466],{},[20,148745,148746],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[258,148748,1522,148750,148752],{"id":148749},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148751,147466],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148754,148755],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[258,148757,148759],{"id":148758},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148761,11673,148762,103],{},[15,148763,1852],{},[258,148765,1573,148767,148769],{"id":148766},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148768,147466],{}," count strings?",[20,148771,148772],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[258,148774,4934,148776,798,148778,2228],{"id":148775},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148777,147466],{},[15,148779,148780],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148782,148783,148785,148786,148788],{},[15,148784,57059],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148787,58736],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[52,148790,1620],{"id":1619},[33,148792,148793,148797,148802,148809,148817],{},[36,148794,148795],{},[200,148796,147575],{"href":147574},[36,148798,148799],{},[200,148800,148801],{"href":147578},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[36,148803,148804],{},[200,148805,148806,148807,774],{"href":148595},"Python tuple ",[15,148808,58736],{},[36,148810,148811],{},[200,148812,148814,148815],{"href":148813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148816,42127],{},[36,148818,148819],{},[200,148820,58724],{"href":58723},[1651,148822,148823],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":148825},[148826,148828,148831,148832,148833,148834,148835,148843,148844,148855],{"id":147542,"depth":91,"text":148827},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147582,"depth":91,"text":147583,"children":148829},[148830],{"id":102867,"depth":134,"text":102868},{"id":11237,"depth":91,"text":11238},{"id":37785,"depth":91,"text":37786},{"id":40812,"depth":91,"text":40813},{"id":148105,"depth":91,"text":148106},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":148836},[148837,148839,148840,148842],{"id":148265,"depth":134,"text":148838},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58361,"depth":134,"text":58777},{"id":148461,"depth":134,"text":148841},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148474,"depth":134,"text":148475},{"id":148579,"depth":91,"text":148580},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":148845},[148846,148848,148850,148851,148853],{"id":148741,"depth":134,"text":148847},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148749,"depth":134,"text":148849},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148758,"depth":134,"text":148759},{"id":148766,"depth":134,"text":148852},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148775,"depth":134,"text":148854},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147453,"description":148856},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148863,"title":148864,"body":148865,"description":150552,"extension":1694,"meta":150553,"navigation":338,"path":150554,"seo":150555,"stem":150556,"__hash__":150557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148866,"toc":150515},[148867,148870,148873,148882,148884,149014,149016,149077,149083,149085,149105,149109,149112,149115,149150,149152,149173,149176,149215,149217,149242,149249,149253,149256,149293,149295,149318,149321,149324,149336,149342,149346,149349,149355,149396,149398,149421,149424,149465,149467,149494,149496,149513,149515,149532,149535,149539,149542,149544,149578,149580,149627,149631,149670,149674,149677,149734,149736,149777,149783,149789,149794,149796,149833,149835,149855,149857,149890,149892,149925,149928,149932,149965,149967,149992,149995,149997,150011,150018,150020,150023,150027,150030,150065,150068,150103,150107,150110,150149,150152,150191,150195,150197,150227,150230,150237,150239,150271,150274,150306,150309,150340,150342,150359,150363,150366,150430,150432,150436,150443,150447,150450,150454,150457,150461,150464,150469,150475,150477,150512],[10,148868,148864],{"id":148869},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148871,148872],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148874,148875,148876,2617,148880,103],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[200,148877,148879],{"href":148878},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[200,148881,147575],{"href":147574},[52,148883,55],{"id":54},[57,148885,148887],{"className":59,"code":148886,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148888,148889,148909,148918,148932,148968,148972,148982,148992,149003],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148890,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148892,3365],{"class":72},[66,148894,77],{"class":76},[66,148896,8997],{"class":102},[66,148898,2729],{"class":478},[66,148900,121],{"class":102},[66,148902,561],{"class":478},[66,148904,121],{"class":102},[66,148906,2186],{"class":478},[66,148908,131],{"class":102},[66,148910,148911,148913,148915],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,148912,124600],{"class":72},[66,148914,77],{"class":76},[66,148916,148917],{"class":102}," ()\n",[66,148919,148920,148923,148925,148927,148929],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,148921,148922],{"class":72},"one_item ",[66,148924,77],{"class":76},[66,148926,8997],{"class":102},[66,148928,1869],{"class":478},[66,148930,148931],{"class":102},",)\n",[66,148933,148934,148937,148939,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,148935,148936],{"class":72},"from_list ",[66,148938,77],{"class":76},[66,148940,148941],{"class":2641}," tuple",[66,148943,2726],{"class":102},[66,148945,113],{"class":80},[66,148947,200],{"class":84},[66,148949,113],{"class":80},[66,148951,121],{"class":102},[66,148953,81],{"class":80},[66,148955,4514],{"class":84},[66,148957,113],{"class":80},[66,148959,121],{"class":102},[66,148961,81],{"class":80},[66,148963,9501],{"class":84},[66,148965,113],{"class":80},[66,148967,3640],{"class":102},[66,148969,148970],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,148971,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,148973,148974,148976,148978,148980],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,148975,138],{"class":137},[66,148977,110],{"class":102},[66,148979,3397],{"class":106},[66,148981,131],{"class":102},[66,148983,148984,148986,148988,148990],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,148985,138],{"class":137},[66,148987,110],{"class":102},[66,148989,124651],{"class":106},[66,148991,131],{"class":102},[66,148993,148994,148996,148998,149001],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,148995,138],{"class":137},[66,148997,110],{"class":102},[66,148999,149000],{"class":106},"one_item",[66,149002,131],{"class":102},[66,149004,149005,149007,149009,149012],{"class":68,"line":6185},[66,149006,138],{"class":137},[66,149008,110],{"class":102},[66,149010,149011],{"class":106},"from_list",[66,149013,131],{"class":102},[20,149015,148],{},[57,149017,149019],{"className":59,"code":149018,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149020,149021,149037,149041,149049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149022,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149024,110],{"class":102},[66,149026,2729],{"class":478},[66,149028,121],{"class":102},[66,149030,561],{"class":478},[66,149032,121],{"class":102},[66,149034,2186],{"class":478},[66,149036,131],{"class":102},[66,149038,149039],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149040,8402],{"class":102},[66,149042,149043,149045,149047],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,149044,110],{"class":102},[66,149046,1869],{"class":478},[66,149048,148931],{"class":102},[66,149050,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,149052,110],{"class":102},[66,149054,3044],{"class":80},[66,149056,200],{"class":84},[66,149058,3044],{"class":80},[66,149060,121],{"class":102},[66,149062,3039],{"class":80},[66,149064,4514],{"class":84},[66,149066,3044],{"class":80},[66,149068,121],{"class":102},[66,149070,3039],{"class":80},[66,149072,9501],{"class":84},[66,149074,3044],{"class":80},[66,149076,131],{"class":102},[20,149078,149079,149080,103],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149081,149082],{},"(5,)",[52,149084,14924],{"id":14923},[33,149086,149087,149090,149093,149096,149099,149102],{},[36,149088,149089],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[36,149091,149092],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[36,149094,149095],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[36,149097,149098],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[36,149100,149101],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[36,149103,149104],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[52,149106,149108],{"id":149107},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149110,149111],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149113,149114],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[57,149116,149118],{"className":59,"code":149117,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149119,149120,149140],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149121,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149123,3365],{"class":72},[66,149125,77],{"class":76},[66,149127,8997],{"class":102},[66,149129,2729],{"class":478},[66,149131,121],{"class":102},[66,149133,561],{"class":478},[66,149135,121],{"class":102},[66,149137,2186],{"class":478},[66,149139,131],{"class":102},[66,149141,149142,149144,149146,149148],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149143,138],{"class":137},[66,149145,110],{"class":102},[66,149147,3397],{"class":106},[66,149149,131],{"class":102},[20,149151,148],{},[57,149153,149155],{"className":59,"code":149154,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149156,149157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149158,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149160,110],{"class":102},[66,149162,2729],{"class":478},[66,149164,121],{"class":102},[66,149166,561],{"class":478},[66,149168,121],{"class":102},[66,149170,2186],{"class":478},[66,149172,131],{"class":102},[20,149174,149175],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[57,149177,149179],{"className":59,"code":149178,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149180,149181,149205],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149182,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149184,8926],{"class":72},[66,149186,77],{"class":76},[66,149188,8997],{"class":102},[66,149190,2729],{"class":478},[66,149192,121],{"class":102},[66,149194,81],{"class":80},[66,149196,3832],{"class":84},[66,149198,113],{"class":80},[66,149200,121],{"class":102},[66,149202,3668],{"class":3602},[66,149204,131],{"class":102},[66,149206,149207,149209,149211,149213],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149208,138],{"class":137},[66,149210,110],{"class":102},[66,149212,8965],{"class":106},[66,149214,131],{"class":102},[20,149216,148],{},[57,149218,149220],{"className":59,"code":149219,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149221,149222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149223,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236,149238,149240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149225,110],{"class":102},[66,149227,2729],{"class":478},[66,149229,121],{"class":102},[66,149231,3039],{"class":80},[66,149233,3832],{"class":84},[66,149235,3044],{"class":80},[66,149237,121],{"class":102},[66,149239,3668],{"class":3602},[66,149241,131],{"class":102},[20,149243,149244,149245,103],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[200,149246,149248],{"href":149247},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[52,149250,149252],{"id":149251},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149254,149255],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[57,149257,149259],{"className":59,"code":149258,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149260,149261,149269,149279],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149262,149263,149265,149267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149264,124600],{"class":72},[66,149266,77],{"class":76},[66,149268,148917],{"class":102},[66,149270,149271,149273,149275,149277],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149272,138],{"class":137},[66,149274,110],{"class":102},[66,149276,124651],{"class":106},[66,149278,131],{"class":102},[66,149280,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,149282,138],{"class":137},[66,149284,110],{"class":102},[66,149286,2964],{"class":2641},[66,149288,110],{"class":102},[66,149290,124651],{"class":106},[66,149292,1330],{"class":102},[20,149294,148],{},[57,149296,149298],{"className":59,"code":149297,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149299,149300,149304],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149301,149302],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149303,8402],{"class":102},[66,149305,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314,149316],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149307,3033],{"class":76},[66,149309,3036],{"class":1797},[66,149311,3039],{"class":80},[66,149313,48721],{"class":84},[66,149315,3044],{"class":80},[66,149317,3047],{"class":76},[20,149319,149320],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149322,149323],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[33,149325,149326,149331],{},[36,149327,149328,149329],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149330,7120],{},[36,149332,149333,149334],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149335,3537],{},[20,149337,149338,149339,103],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[200,149340,149341],{"href":56922},"Python list: creating a list",[52,149343,149345],{"id":149344},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149347,149348],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149350,149351,149352,149354],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[398,149353,4383],{}," automatically a tuple:",[57,149356,149358],{"className":59,"code":149357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149359,149360,149372,149382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149363,2181],{"class":72},[66,149365,77],{"class":76},[66,149367,8997],{"class":102},[66,149369,1869],{"class":478},[66,149371,131],{"class":102},[66,149373,149374,149376,149378,149380],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149375,138],{"class":137},[66,149377,110],{"class":102},[66,149379,2208],{"class":106},[66,149381,131],{"class":102},[66,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,149385,138],{"class":137},[66,149387,110],{"class":102},[66,149389,2964],{"class":2641},[66,149391,110],{"class":102},[66,149393,2208],{"class":106},[66,149395,1330],{"class":102},[20,149397,148],{},[57,149399,149401],{"className":59,"code":149400,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149402,149403,149407],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149404,149405],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149406,2687],{"class":478},[66,149408,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149410,3033],{"class":76},[66,149412,3036],{"class":1797},[66,149414,3039],{"class":80},[66,149416,1922],{"class":84},[66,149418,3044],{"class":80},[66,149420,3047],{"class":76},[20,149422,149423],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[57,149425,149427],{"className":59,"code":149426,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149428,149429,149441,149451],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149430,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149432,148922],{"class":72},[66,149434,77],{"class":76},[66,149436,8997],{"class":102},[66,149438,1869],{"class":478},[66,149440,148931],{"class":102},[66,149442,149443,149445,149447,149449],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149444,138],{"class":137},[66,149446,110],{"class":102},[66,149448,149000],{"class":106},[66,149450,131],{"class":102},[66,149452,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,149454,138],{"class":137},[66,149456,110],{"class":102},[66,149458,2964],{"class":2641},[66,149460,110],{"class":102},[66,149462,149000],{"class":106},[66,149464,1330],{"class":102},[20,149466,148],{},[57,149468,149470],{"className":59,"code":149469,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149471,149472,149480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149473,149474,149476,149478],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149475,110],{"class":102},[66,149477,1869],{"class":478},[66,149479,148931],{"class":102},[66,149481,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149483,3033],{"class":76},[66,149485,3036],{"class":1797},[66,149487,3039],{"class":80},[66,149489,48721],{"class":84},[66,149491,3044],{"class":80},[66,149493,3047],{"class":76},[20,149495,16418],{},[57,149497,149499],{"className":59,"code":149498,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149500,149501],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149502,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149504,110],{"class":102},[66,149506,113],{"class":80},[66,149508,3832],{"class":84},[66,149510,113],{"class":80},[66,149512,148931],{"class":102},[20,149514,16406],{},[57,149516,149518],{"className":59,"code":149517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149519,149520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149521,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149523,110],{"class":102},[66,149525,113],{"class":80},[66,149527,3832],{"class":84},[66,149529,113],{"class":80},[66,149531,131],{"class":102},[20,149533,149534],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[52,149536,149538],{"id":149537},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149540,149541],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[258,149543,56230],{"id":3397},[57,149545,149546],{"className":59,"code":149117,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,149547,149548,149568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149549,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149551,3365],{"class":72},[66,149553,77],{"class":76},[66,149555,8997],{"class":102},[66,149557,2729],{"class":478},[66,149559,121],{"class":102},[66,149561,561],{"class":478},[66,149563,121],{"class":102},[66,149565,2186],{"class":478},[66,149567,131],{"class":102},[66,149569,149570,149572,149574,149576],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149571,138],{"class":137},[66,149573,110],{"class":102},[66,149575,3397],{"class":106},[66,149577,131],{"class":102},[258,149579,56233],{"id":5064},[57,149581,149583],{"className":59,"code":149582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149584,149585,149617],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149586,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149588,12838],{"class":72},[66,149590,77],{"class":76},[66,149592,8997],{"class":102},[66,149594,113],{"class":80},[66,149596,1392],{"class":84},[66,149598,113],{"class":80},[66,149600,121],{"class":102},[66,149602,81],{"class":80},[66,149604,17217],{"class":84},[66,149606,113],{"class":80},[66,149608,121],{"class":102},[66,149610,81],{"class":80},[66,149612,1401],{"class":84},[66,149614,113],{"class":80},[66,149616,131],{"class":102},[66,149618,149619,149621,149623,149625],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149620,138],{"class":137},[66,149622,110],{"class":102},[66,149624,17264],{"class":106},[66,149626,131],{"class":102},[258,149628,149630],{"id":149629},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[57,149632,149634],{"className":59,"code":149633,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149635,149636,149660],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149637,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652,149654,149656,149658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149639,59241],{"class":72},[66,149641,77],{"class":76},[66,149643,8997],{"class":102},[66,149645,2729],{"class":478},[66,149647,121],{"class":102},[66,149649,81],{"class":80},[66,149651,3832],{"class":84},[66,149653,113],{"class":80},[66,149655,121],{"class":102},[66,149657,3668],{"class":3602},[66,149659,131],{"class":102},[66,149661,149662,149664,149666,149668],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149663,138],{"class":137},[66,149665,110],{"class":102},[66,149667,59294],{"class":106},[66,149669,131],{"class":102},[258,149671,149673],{"id":149672},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149675,149676],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[57,149678,149680],{"className":59,"code":149679,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149681,149682,149723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149683,149684,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149685,149686],{"class":72},"nested ",[66,149688,77],{"class":76},[66,149690,8997],{"class":102},[66,149692,2729],{"class":478},[66,149694,121],{"class":102},[66,149696,8997],{"class":102},[66,149698,113],{"class":80},[66,149700,200],{"class":84},[66,149702,113],{"class":80},[66,149704,121],{"class":102},[66,149706,81],{"class":80},[66,149708,4514],{"class":84},[66,149710,113],{"class":80},[66,149712,8994],{"class":102},[66,149714,3370],{"class":102},[66,149716,2064],{"class":478},[66,149718,121],{"class":102},[66,149720,7546],{"class":478},[66,149722,3640],{"class":102},[66,149724,149725,149727,149729,149732],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149726,138],{"class":137},[66,149728,110],{"class":102},[66,149730,149731],{"class":106},"nested",[66,149733,131],{"class":102},[20,149735,148],{},[57,149737,149739],{"className":59,"code":149738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149740,149741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149742,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149744,110],{"class":102},[66,149746,2729],{"class":478},[66,149748,121],{"class":102},[66,149750,8997],{"class":102},[66,149752,3044],{"class":80},[66,149754,200],{"class":84},[66,149756,3044],{"class":80},[66,149758,121],{"class":102},[66,149760,3039],{"class":80},[66,149762,4514],{"class":84},[66,149764,3044],{"class":80},[66,149766,8994],{"class":102},[66,149768,3370],{"class":102},[66,149770,2064],{"class":478},[66,149772,121],{"class":102},[66,149774,7546],{"class":478},[66,149776,3640],{"class":102},[52,149778,149780,149781],{"id":149779},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149782,37812],{},[20,149784,149785,149786,149788],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149787,37812],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149790,149791,149792,103],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[200,149793,62982],{"href":62981},[258,149795,105008],{"id":105007},[57,149797,149799],{"className":59,"code":149798,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149800,149801,149823],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149802,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819,149821],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149804,3365],{"class":72},[66,149806,77],{"class":76},[66,149808,148941],{"class":2641},[66,149810,2726],{"class":102},[66,149812,2729],{"class":478},[66,149814,121],{"class":102},[66,149816,561],{"class":478},[66,149818,121],{"class":102},[66,149820,2186],{"class":478},[66,149822,3640],{"class":102},[66,149824,149825,149827,149829,149831],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149826,138],{"class":137},[66,149828,110],{"class":102},[66,149830,3397],{"class":106},[66,149832,131],{"class":102},[20,149834,148],{},[57,149836,149837],{"className":59,"code":149154,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,149838,149839],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149840,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149842,110],{"class":102},[66,149844,2729],{"class":478},[66,149846,121],{"class":102},[66,149848,561],{"class":478},[66,149850,121],{"class":102},[66,149852,2186],{"class":478},[66,149854,131],{"class":102},[258,149856,105194],{"id":105193},[57,149858,149860],{"className":59,"code":149859,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149861,149862,149880],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149863,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149865,35857],{"class":72},[66,149867,77],{"class":76},[66,149869,148941],{"class":2641},[66,149871,110],{"class":102},[66,149873,113],{"class":80},[66,149875,41327],{"class":84},[66,149877,113],{"class":80},[66,149879,131],{"class":102},[66,149881,149882,149884,149886,149888],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149883,138],{"class":137},[66,149885,110],{"class":102},[66,149887,35910],{"class":106},[66,149889,131],{"class":102},[20,149891,148],{},[57,149893,149895],{"className":59,"code":149894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149896,149897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149898,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149900,110],{"class":102},[66,149902,3044],{"class":80},[66,149904,200],{"class":84},[66,149906,3044],{"class":80},[66,149908,121],{"class":102},[66,149910,3039],{"class":80},[66,149912,4514],{"class":84},[66,149914,3044],{"class":80},[66,149916,121],{"class":102},[66,149918,3039],{"class":80},[66,149920,9501],{"class":84},[66,149922,3044],{"class":80},[66,149924,131],{"class":102},[20,149926,149927],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[258,149929,149931],{"id":149930},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[57,149933,149935],{"className":59,"code":149934,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149936,149937,149955],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149938,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149940,3573],{"class":72},[66,149942,77],{"class":76},[66,149944,148941],{"class":2641},[66,149946,110],{"class":102},[66,149948,59767],{"class":137},[66,149950,110],{"class":102},[66,149952,2241],{"class":478},[66,149954,1330],{"class":102},[66,149956,149957,149959,149961,149963],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,149958,138],{"class":137},[66,149960,110],{"class":102},[66,149962,5114],{"class":106},[66,149964,131],{"class":102},[20,149966,148],{},[57,149968,149970],{"className":59,"code":149969,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149971,149972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149973,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149975,110],{"class":102},[66,149977,1852],{"class":478},[66,149979,121],{"class":102},[66,149981,479],{"class":478},[66,149983,121],{"class":102},[66,149985,561],{"class":478},[66,149987,121],{"class":102},[66,149989,2186],{"class":478},[66,149991,131],{"class":102},[20,149993,149994],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[52,149996,20564],{"id":20563},[33,149998,149999,150002,150005,150008],{},[36,150000,150001],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[36,150003,150004],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[36,150006,150007],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[36,150009,150010],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150012,150013,150014,103],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[200,150015,150017],{"href":150016},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[52,150019,2568],{"id":2567},[20,150021,150022],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[258,150024,150026],{"id":150025},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150028,150029],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[57,150031,150033],{"className":59,"code":150032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150034,150035,150051],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150036,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150038,28304],{"class":72},[66,150040,77],{"class":76},[66,150042,8997],{"class":102},[66,150044,113],{"class":80},[66,150046,3832],{"class":84},[66,150048,113],{"class":80},[66,150050,131],{"class":102},[66,150052,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150054,138],{"class":137},[66,150056,110],{"class":102},[66,150058,2964],{"class":2641},[66,150060,110],{"class":102},[66,150062,23075],{"class":106},[66,150064,1330],{"class":102},[20,150066,150067],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[57,150069,150071],{"className":59,"code":150070,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150072,150073,150089],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150074,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150076,28304],{"class":72},[66,150078,77],{"class":76},[66,150080,8997],{"class":102},[66,150082,113],{"class":80},[66,150084,3832],{"class":84},[66,150086,113],{"class":80},[66,150088,148931],{"class":102},[66,150090,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150092,138],{"class":137},[66,150094,110],{"class":102},[66,150096,2964],{"class":2641},[66,150098,110],{"class":102},[66,150100,23075],{"class":106},[66,150102,1330],{"class":102},[258,150104,150106],{"id":150105},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150108,150109],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[57,150111,150113],{"className":59,"code":150112,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150114,150115,150135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150116,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150118,3573],{"class":72},[66,150120,77],{"class":76},[66,150122,3370],{"class":102},[66,150124,2729],{"class":478},[66,150126,121],{"class":102},[66,150128,561],{"class":478},[66,150130,121],{"class":102},[66,150132,2186],{"class":478},[66,150134,3383],{"class":102},[66,150136,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150138,138],{"class":137},[66,150140,110],{"class":102},[66,150142,2964],{"class":2641},[66,150144,110],{"class":102},[66,150146,5114],{"class":106},[66,150148,1330],{"class":102},[20,150150,150151],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[57,150153,150155],{"className":59,"code":150154,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150156,150157,150177],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150158,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150160,3573],{"class":72},[66,150162,77],{"class":76},[66,150164,8997],{"class":102},[66,150166,2729],{"class":478},[66,150168,121],{"class":102},[66,150170,561],{"class":478},[66,150172,121],{"class":102},[66,150174,2186],{"class":478},[66,150176,131],{"class":102},[66,150178,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150180,138],{"class":137},[66,150182,110],{"class":102},[66,150184,2964],{"class":2641},[66,150186,110],{"class":102},[66,150188,5114],{"class":106},[66,150190,1330],{"class":102},[258,150192,150194],{"id":150193},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150196,150007],{},[57,150198,150200],{"className":59,"code":150199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150201,150202,150222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150203,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150205,3365],{"class":72},[66,150207,77],{"class":76},[66,150209,8997],{"class":102},[66,150211,2729],{"class":478},[66,150213,121],{"class":102},[66,150215,561],{"class":478},[66,150217,121],{"class":102},[66,150219,2186],{"class":478},[66,150221,131],{"class":102},[66,150223,150224],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150225,150226],{"class":3413},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150228,150229],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[258,150231,1128,150233,150236],{"id":150232},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150234,150235],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150238,64407],{},[57,150240,150241],{"className":59,"code":149859,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,150242,150243,150261],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150244,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150246,35857],{"class":72},[66,150248,77],{"class":76},[66,150250,148941],{"class":2641},[66,150252,110],{"class":102},[66,150254,113],{"class":80},[66,150256,41327],{"class":84},[66,150258,113],{"class":80},[66,150260,131],{"class":102},[66,150262,150263,150265,150267,150269],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150264,138],{"class":137},[66,150266,110],{"class":102},[66,150268,35910],{"class":106},[66,150270,131],{"class":102},[20,150272,150273],{},"gives:",[57,150275,150276],{"className":59,"code":149894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,150277,150278],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150279,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150281,110],{"class":102},[66,150283,3044],{"class":80},[66,150285,200],{"class":84},[66,150287,3044],{"class":80},[66,150289,121],{"class":102},[66,150291,3039],{"class":80},[66,150293,4514],{"class":84},[66,150295,3044],{"class":80},[66,150297,121],{"class":102},[66,150299,3039],{"class":80},[66,150301,9501],{"class":84},[66,150303,3044],{"class":80},[66,150305,131],{"class":102},[20,150307,150308],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[57,150310,150312],{"className":59,"code":150311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150313,150314,150330],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150315,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150317,5906],{"class":72},[66,150319,77],{"class":76},[66,150321,8997],{"class":102},[66,150323,113],{"class":80},[66,150325,41327],{"class":84},[66,150327,113],{"class":80},[66,150329,148931],{"class":102},[66,150331,150332,150334,150336,150338],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150333,138],{"class":137},[66,150335,110],{"class":102},[66,150337,38157],{"class":106},[66,150339,131],{"class":102},[20,150341,148],{},[57,150343,150345],{"className":59,"code":150344,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('abc',)\n",[15,150346,150347],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150348,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150350,110],{"class":102},[66,150352,3044],{"class":80},[66,150354,41327],{"class":84},[66,150356,3044],{"class":80},[66,150358,148931],{"class":102},[258,150360,150362],{"id":150361},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150364,150365],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[57,150367,150369],{"className":59,"code":150368,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150370,150371,150388,150392,150402,150416],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150372,150373,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150374,150375],{"class":72},"my_tuple ",[66,150377,77],{"class":76},[66,150379,8997],{"class":102},[66,150381,113],{"class":80},[66,150383,3832],{"class":84},[66,150385,113],{"class":80},[66,150387,148931],{"class":102},[66,150389,150390],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150391,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,150393,150394,150396,150398,150400],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,150395,138],{"class":137},[66,150397,110],{"class":102},[66,150399,147593],{"class":106},[66,150401,131],{"class":102},[66,150403,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,150405,138],{"class":137},[66,150407,110],{"class":102},[66,150409,2964],{"class":2641},[66,150411,110],{"class":102},[66,150413,147593],{"class":106},[66,150415,1330],{"class":102},[66,150417,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,150419,138],{"class":137},[66,150421,110],{"class":102},[66,150423,10924],{"class":137},[66,150425,110],{"class":102},[66,150427,147593],{"class":106},[66,150429,1330],{"class":102},[52,150431,1518],{"id":1517},[258,150433,150435],{"id":150434},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150437,150438,150439,150442],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150440,150441],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[258,150444,150446],{"id":150445},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150448,150449],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[258,150451,150453],{"id":150452},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150455,150456],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[258,150458,150460],{"id":150459},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150462,150463],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[258,150465,4897,150467,12478],{"id":150466},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150468,150235],{},[20,150470,4903,150471,150474],{},[15,150472,150473],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[52,150476,1620],{"id":1619},[33,150478,150479,150483,150487,150493,150498,150503,150507],{},[36,150480,150481],{},[200,150482,147575],{"href":147574},[36,150484,150485],{},[200,150486,149248],{"href":149247},[36,150488,150489],{},[200,150490,150492],{"href":150491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[36,150494,150495],{},[200,150496,150497],{"href":148813},"Python tuple length with len()",[36,150499,150500],{},[200,150501,150502],{"href":148878},"What is a tuple in Python?",[36,150504,150505],{},[200,150506,62982],{"href":62981},[36,150508,150509],{},[200,150510,150511],{"href":150016},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1651,150513,150514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":150516},[150517,150518,150519,150520,150521,150522,150528,150534,150535,150543,150551],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":14923,"depth":91,"text":14924},{"id":149107,"depth":91,"text":149108},{"id":149251,"depth":91,"text":149252},{"id":149344,"depth":91,"text":149345},{"id":149537,"depth":91,"text":149538,"children":150523},[150524,150525,150526,150527],{"id":3397,"depth":134,"text":56230},{"id":5064,"depth":134,"text":56233},{"id":149629,"depth":134,"text":149630},{"id":149672,"depth":134,"text":149673},{"id":149779,"depth":91,"text":150529,"children":150530},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150531,150532,150533],{"id":105007,"depth":134,"text":105008},{"id":105193,"depth":134,"text":105194},{"id":149930,"depth":134,"text":149931},{"id":20563,"depth":91,"text":20564},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":150536},[150537,150538,150539,150540,150542],{"id":150025,"depth":134,"text":150026},{"id":150105,"depth":134,"text":150106},{"id":150193,"depth":134,"text":150194},{"id":150232,"depth":134,"text":150541},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150361,"depth":134,"text":150362},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":150544},[150545,150546,150547,150548,150549],{"id":150434,"depth":134,"text":150435},{"id":150445,"depth":134,"text":150446},{"id":150452,"depth":134,"text":150453},{"id":150459,"depth":134,"text":150460},{"id":150466,"depth":134,"text":150550},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148864,"description":150552},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150559,"title":150560,"body":150561,"description":152106,"extension":1694,"meta":152107,"navigation":338,"path":152108,"seo":152109,"stem":152110,"__hash__":152111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150562,"toc":152076},[150563,150566,150571,150573,150586,150592,150594,150661,150663,150698,150703,150707,150711,150713,150724,150732,150734,150736,150757,150759,150779,150782,150784,150789,150832,150834,150856,150859,150872,150876,150880,150883,150936,150938,150959,150964,150968,150971,151016,151018,151051,151063,151067,151075,151112,151114,151143,151147,151150,151203,151205,151225,151232,151236,151241,151310,151312,151337,151341,151344,151350,151427,151429,151488,151490,151502,151507,151511,151515,151529,151531,151566,151568,151585,151588,151601,151605,151609,151620,151625,151640,151643,151646,151648,151651,151655,151657,151671,151673,151697,151702,151706,151709,151728,151731,151780,151785,151802,151805,151838,151842,151844,151895,151898,151923,151926,151949,151953,151959,151961,151996,151999,152004,152006,152010,152013,152017,152022,152026,152029,152033,152036,152040,152045,152047,152073],[10,150564,150560],{"id":150565},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150567,8883,150568,150570],{},[15,150569,37812],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150572,82353],{},[33,150574,150575,150580],{},[36,150576,150577,150579],{},[15,150578,37812],{}," creates an empty tuple",[36,150581,150582,150585],{},[15,150583,150584],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150587,150588,150589,150591],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150590,37812],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[52,150593,55],{"id":54},[57,150595,150597],{"className":59,"code":150596,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150598,150599,150619,150633,150637,150647],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150600,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150602,3365],{"class":72},[66,150604,77],{"class":76},[66,150606,3370],{"class":102},[66,150608,2729],{"class":478},[66,150610,121],{"class":102},[66,150612,561],{"class":478},[66,150614,121],{"class":102},[66,150616,2186],{"class":478},[66,150618,3383],{"class":102},[66,150620,150621,150623,150625,150627,150629,150631],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150622,447],{"class":72},[66,150624,77],{"class":76},[66,150626,148941],{"class":2641},[66,150628,110],{"class":102},[66,150630,3397],{"class":106},[66,150632,131],{"class":102},[66,150634,150635],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,150636,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,150638,150639,150641,150643,150645],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,150640,138],{"class":137},[66,150642,110],{"class":102},[66,150644,494],{"class":106},[66,150646,131],{"class":102},[66,150648,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,150650,138],{"class":137},[66,150652,110],{"class":102},[66,150654,2964],{"class":2641},[66,150656,110],{"class":102},[66,150658,494],{"class":106},[66,150660,1330],{"class":102},[20,150662,148],{},[57,150664,150666],{"className":59,"code":150665,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150667,150668,150684],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150669,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150671,110],{"class":102},[66,150673,2729],{"class":478},[66,150675,121],{"class":102},[66,150677,561],{"class":478},[66,150679,121],{"class":102},[66,150681,2186],{"class":478},[66,150683,131],{"class":102},[66,150685,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150687,3033],{"class":76},[66,150689,3036],{"class":1797},[66,150691,3039],{"class":80},[66,150693,48721],{"class":84},[66,150695,3044],{"class":80},[66,150697,3047],{"class":76},[20,150699,160,150700,150702],{},[15,150701,150584],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[52,150704,150706],{"id":150705},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150708,150709,62690],{},[15,150710,37812],{},[20,150712,48695],{},[33,150714,150715,150718,150721],{},[36,150716,150717],{},"creates a tuple object",[36,150719,150720],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[36,150722,150723],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150725,150726,150727,150729,150730,103],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[200,150728,148879],{"href":148878}," or the full guide to ",[200,150731,147575],{"href":147574},[52,150733,1891],{"id":1890},[20,150735,26252],{},[57,150737,150739],{"className":59,"code":150738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150740,150741,150747],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150742,150743,150745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150744,48721],{"class":2641},[66,150746,8402],{"class":102},[66,150748,150749,150751,150753,150755],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150750,48721],{"class":2641},[66,150752,110],{"class":102},[66,150754,3470],{"class":106},[66,150756,131],{"class":102},[20,150758,11221],{},[33,150760,150761,150764],{},[36,150762,150763],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[36,150765,150766,150767],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[33,150768,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777],{},[36,150770,5055],{},[36,150772,5064],{},[36,150774,62761],{},[36,150776,5061],{},[36,150778,7006],{},[20,150780,150781],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[52,150783,149252],{"id":149251},[20,150785,29416,150786,150788],{},[15,150787,37812],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[57,150790,150792],{"className":59,"code":150791,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150793,150794,150804,150808,150818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150795,150796,150798,150800,150802],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150797,124600],{"class":72},[66,150799,77],{"class":76},[66,150801,148941],{"class":2641},[66,150803,8402],{"class":102},[66,150805,150806],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150807,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,150809,150810,150812,150814,150816],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,150811,138],{"class":137},[66,150813,110],{"class":102},[66,150815,124651],{"class":106},[66,150817,131],{"class":102},[66,150819,150820,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,150821,138],{"class":137},[66,150823,110],{"class":102},[66,150825,2964],{"class":2641},[66,150827,110],{"class":102},[66,150829,124651],{"class":106},[66,150831,1330],{"class":102},[20,150833,148],{},[57,150835,150836],{"className":59,"code":149297,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,150837,150838,150842],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150839,150840],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150841,8402],{"class":102},[66,150843,150844,150846,150848,150850,150852,150854],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150845,3033],{"class":76},[66,150847,3036],{"class":1797},[66,150849,3039],{"class":80},[66,150851,48721],{"class":84},[66,150853,3044],{"class":80},[66,150855,3047],{"class":76},[20,150857,150858],{},"This is equivalent to:",[57,150860,150862],{"className":59,"code":150861,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty = ()\n",[15,150863,150864],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150865,150866,150868,150870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150867,124600],{"class":72},[66,150869,77],{"class":76},[66,150871,148917],{"class":102},[52,150873,150875],{"id":150874},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[258,150877,150879],{"id":150878},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150881,150882],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[57,150884,150886],{"className":59,"code":150885,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150887,150888,150908,150922,150926],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150889,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904,150906],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150891,3365],{"class":72},[66,150893,77],{"class":76},[66,150895,3370],{"class":102},[66,150897,2064],{"class":478},[66,150899,121],{"class":102},[66,150901,7546],{"class":478},[66,150903,121],{"class":102},[66,150905,7551],{"class":478},[66,150907,3383],{"class":102},[66,150909,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918,150920],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150911,447],{"class":72},[66,150913,77],{"class":76},[66,150915,148941],{"class":2641},[66,150917,110],{"class":102},[66,150919,3397],{"class":106},[66,150921,131],{"class":102},[66,150923,150924],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,150925,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,150927,150928,150930,150932,150934],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,150929,138],{"class":137},[66,150931,110],{"class":102},[66,150933,494],{"class":106},[66,150935,131],{"class":102},[20,150937,148],{},[57,150939,150941],{"className":59,"code":150940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150942,150943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150944,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150946,110],{"class":102},[66,150948,2064],{"class":478},[66,150950,121],{"class":102},[66,150952,7546],{"class":478},[66,150954,121],{"class":102},[66,150956,7551],{"class":478},[66,150958,131],{"class":102},[20,150960,150961,150962,103],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[200,150963,104813],{"href":59824},[258,150965,150967],{"id":150966},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150969,150970],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[57,150972,150974],{"className":59,"code":150973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150975,150976,150988,151002,151006],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150977,150978,150980,150982,150984,150986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150979,73],{"class":72},[66,150981,77],{"class":76},[66,150983,81],{"class":80},[66,150985,462],{"class":84},[66,150987,88],{"class":80},[66,150989,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998,151000],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,150991,447],{"class":72},[66,150993,77],{"class":76},[66,150995,148941],{"class":2641},[66,150997,110],{"class":102},[66,150999,349],{"class":106},[66,151001,131],{"class":102},[66,151003,151004],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,151005,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,151007,151008,151010,151012,151014],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,151009,138],{"class":137},[66,151011,110],{"class":102},[66,151013,494],{"class":106},[66,151015,131],{"class":102},[20,151017,148],{},[57,151019,151021],{"className":59,"code":151020,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151022,151023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151024,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151026,110],{"class":102},[66,151028,3044],{"class":80},[66,151030,9501],{"class":84},[66,151032,3044],{"class":80},[66,151034,121],{"class":102},[66,151036,3039],{"class":80},[66,151038,200],{"class":84},[66,151040,3044],{"class":80},[66,151042,121],{"class":102},[66,151044,3039],{"class":80},[66,151046,63051],{"class":84},[66,151048,3044],{"class":80},[66,151050,131],{"class":102},[20,151052,151053,151054,13815,151057,151059,151060,103],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151055,151056],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[398,151058,4383],{}," create ",[15,151061,151062],{},"('cat',)",[258,151064,151066],{"id":151065},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151068,151069,151071,151072,151074],{},[15,151070,35965],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151073,37812],{}," collects them all.",[57,151076,151078],{"className":59,"code":151077,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151079,151080,151098,151102],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151083,447],{"class":72},[66,151085,77],{"class":76},[66,151087,148941],{"class":2641},[66,151089,110],{"class":102},[66,151091,59767],{"class":137},[66,151093,110],{"class":102},[66,151095,1869],{"class":478},[66,151097,1330],{"class":102},[66,151099,151100],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151101,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,151103,151104,151106,151108,151110],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,151105,138],{"class":137},[66,151107,110],{"class":102},[66,151109,494],{"class":106},[66,151111,131],{"class":102},[20,151113,148],{},[57,151115,151117],{"className":59,"code":151116,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151118,151119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151120,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139,151141],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151122,110],{"class":102},[66,151124,1852],{"class":478},[66,151126,121],{"class":102},[66,151128,479],{"class":478},[66,151130,121],{"class":102},[66,151132,561],{"class":478},[66,151134,121],{"class":102},[66,151136,2186],{"class":478},[66,151138,121],{"class":102},[66,151140,2192],{"class":478},[66,151142,131],{"class":102},[258,151144,151146],{"id":151145},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151148,151149],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[57,151151,151153],{"className":59,"code":151152,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151154,151155,151175,151189,151193],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151156,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151158,3573],{"class":72},[66,151160,77],{"class":76},[66,151162,10253],{"class":102},[66,151164,2729],{"class":478},[66,151166,121],{"class":102},[66,151168,561],{"class":478},[66,151170,121],{"class":102},[66,151172,2186],{"class":478},[66,151174,9070],{"class":102},[66,151176,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151178,447],{"class":72},[66,151180,77],{"class":76},[66,151182,148941],{"class":2641},[66,151184,110],{"class":102},[66,151186,5114],{"class":106},[66,151188,131],{"class":102},[66,151190,151191],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,151192,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,151194,151195,151197,151199,151201],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,151196,138],{"class":137},[66,151198,110],{"class":102},[66,151200,494],{"class":106},[66,151202,131],{"class":102},[20,151204,148],{},[57,151206,151207],{"className":59,"code":149154,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,151208,151209],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151210,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151212,110],{"class":102},[66,151214,2729],{"class":478},[66,151216,121],{"class":102},[66,151218,561],{"class":478},[66,151220,121],{"class":102},[66,151222,2186],{"class":478},[66,151224,131],{"class":102},[20,151226,151227,151228,103],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[200,151229,151231],{"href":151230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[258,151233,151235],{"id":151234},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151237,63304,151238,151240],{},[15,151239,37812],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[57,151242,151244],{"className":59,"code":151243,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151245,151246,151282,151296,151300],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151247,151248,151250,151252,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278,151280],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151249,12965],{"class":72},[66,151251,77],{"class":76},[66,151253,10253],{"class":102},[66,151255,113],{"class":80},[66,151257,7423],{"class":84},[66,151259,113],{"class":80},[66,151261,1111],{"class":102},[66,151263,81],{"class":80},[66,151265,12643],{"class":84},[66,151267,113],{"class":80},[66,151269,121],{"class":102},[66,151271,81],{"class":80},[66,151273,9060],{"class":84},[66,151275,113],{"class":80},[66,151277,1111],{"class":102},[66,151279,9067],{"class":478},[66,151281,9070],{"class":102},[66,151283,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151285,447],{"class":72},[66,151287,77],{"class":76},[66,151289,148941],{"class":2641},[66,151291,110],{"class":102},[66,151293,17070],{"class":106},[66,151295,131],{"class":102},[66,151297,151298],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,151299,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,151301,151302,151304,151306,151308],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,151303,138],{"class":137},[66,151305,110],{"class":102},[66,151307,494],{"class":106},[66,151309,131],{"class":102},[20,151311,29796],{},[57,151313,151315],{"className":59,"code":151314,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151316,151317],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151318,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329,151331,151333,151335],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151320,110],{"class":102},[66,151322,3044],{"class":80},[66,151324,7423],{"class":84},[66,151326,3044],{"class":80},[66,151328,121],{"class":102},[66,151330,3039],{"class":80},[66,151332,9060],{"class":84},[66,151334,3044],{"class":80},[66,151336,131],{"class":102},[52,151338,151340],{"id":151339},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151342,151343],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151345,151346,151349],{},[15,151347,151348],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[57,151351,151353],{"className":59,"code":151352,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151354,151355,151391,151395,151409],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151356,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151358,12965],{"class":72},[66,151360,77],{"class":76},[66,151362,10253],{"class":102},[66,151364,113],{"class":80},[66,151366,7423],{"class":84},[66,151368,113],{"class":80},[66,151370,1111],{"class":102},[66,151372,81],{"class":80},[66,151374,12643],{"class":84},[66,151376,113],{"class":80},[66,151378,121],{"class":102},[66,151380,81],{"class":80},[66,151382,9060],{"class":84},[66,151384,113],{"class":80},[66,151386,1111],{"class":102},[66,151388,9067],{"class":478},[66,151390,9070],{"class":102},[66,151392,151393],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151394,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,151398,138],{"class":137},[66,151400,110],{"class":102},[66,151402,48721],{"class":2641},[66,151404,110],{"class":102},[66,151406,17070],{"class":106},[66,151408,1330],{"class":102},[66,151410,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,151412,138],{"class":137},[66,151414,110],{"class":102},[66,151416,48721],{"class":2641},[66,151418,110],{"class":102},[66,151420,17070],{"class":106},[66,151422,103],{"class":102},[66,151424,7566],{"class":106},[66,151426,6042],{"class":102},[20,151428,148],{},[57,151430,151432],{"className":59,"code":151431,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151433,151434,151454],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151435,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151437,110],{"class":102},[66,151439,3044],{"class":80},[66,151441,7423],{"class":84},[66,151443,3044],{"class":80},[66,151445,121],{"class":102},[66,151447,3039],{"class":80},[66,151449,9060],{"class":84},[66,151451,3044],{"class":80},[66,151453,131],{"class":102},[66,151455,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151457,5264],{"class":102},[66,151459,3044],{"class":80},[66,151461,7423],{"class":84},[66,151463,3044],{"class":80},[66,151465,121],{"class":102},[66,151467,3039],{"class":80},[66,151469,12643],{"class":84},[66,151471,3044],{"class":80},[66,151473,8994],{"class":102},[66,151475,8997],{"class":102},[66,151477,3044],{"class":80},[66,151479,9060],{"class":84},[66,151481,3044],{"class":80},[66,151483,121],{"class":102},[66,151485,9067],{"class":478},[66,151487,1330],{"class":102},[20,151489,18457],{},[33,151491,151492,151497],{},[36,151493,151494,151496],{},[15,151495,151348],{}," for keys",[36,151498,151499,32325],{},[15,151500,151501],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151503,151504,151505,103],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[200,151506,63314],{"href":63313},[52,151508,151510],{"id":151509},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151512,151513,18081],{},[15,151514,37812],{},[33,151516,151517,151520,151523,151526],{},[36,151518,151519],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[36,151521,151522],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[36,151524,151525],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[36,151527,151528],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151530,923],{},[57,151532,151534],{"className":59,"code":151533,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151535,151536,151555],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151537,151538,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151539,151540],{"class":72},"coordinates ",[66,151542,77],{"class":76},[66,151544,148941],{"class":2641},[66,151546,2726],{"class":102},[66,151548,2241],{"class":478},[66,151550,121],{"class":102},[66,151552,5746],{"class":478},[66,151554,3640],{"class":102},[66,151556,151557,151559,151561,151564],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151558,138],{"class":137},[66,151560,110],{"class":102},[66,151562,151563],{"class":106},"coordinates",[66,151565,131],{"class":102},[20,151567,148],{},[57,151569,151571],{"className":59,"code":151570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151572,151573],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151574,151575,151577,151579,151581,151583],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151576,110],{"class":102},[66,151578,2241],{"class":478},[66,151580,121],{"class":102},[66,151582,5746],{"class":478},[66,151584,131],{"class":102},[20,151586,151587],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[33,151589,151590,151592,151595,151598],{},[36,151591,151563],{},[36,151593,151594],{},"RGB colors",[36,151596,151597],{},"dates",[36,151599,151600],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[52,151602,151604],{"id":151603},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151606,44195,151607,10364],{},[15,151608,37812],{},[33,151610,151611,151614,151617],{},[36,151612,151613],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[36,151615,151616],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[36,151618,151619],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151621,116239,151622,151624],{},[398,151623,4383],{}," work:",[57,151626,151628],{"className":59,"code":151627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151629,151630],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151633,48721],{"class":2641},[66,151635,110],{"class":102},[66,151637,1869],{"class":478},[66,151639,131],{"class":102},[20,151641,151642],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151644,151645],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[52,151647,115077],{"id":115076},[20,151649,151650],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[258,151652,151654],{"id":151653},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151656,2575],{},[57,151658,151659],{"className":59,"code":151627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,151660,151661],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151662,151663,151665,151667,151669],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151664,48721],{"class":2641},[66,151666,110],{"class":102},[66,151668,1869],{"class":478},[66,151670,131],{"class":102},[20,151672,29447],{},[57,151674,151675],{"className":59,"code":63418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,151676,151677],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151678,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151680,2746],{"class":2641},[66,151682,1111],{"class":102},[66,151684,3039],{"class":80},[66,151686,1922],{"class":84},[66,151688,3044],{"class":80},[66,151690,24382],{"class":2641},[66,151692,7854],{"class":76},[66,151694,7857],{"class":76},[66,151696,63441],{"class":72},[20,151698,151699,151700,103],{},"If you see this, read ",[200,151701,62055],{"href":52367},[258,151703,151705],{"id":151704},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151707,151708],{},"This code:",[57,151710,151712],{"className":59,"code":151711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151713,151714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151715,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151717,48721],{"class":2641},[66,151719,110],{"class":102},[66,151721,113],{"class":80},[66,151723,939],{"class":84},[66,151725,113],{"class":80},[66,151727,131],{"class":102},[20,151729,151730],{},"returns:",[57,151732,151734],{"className":59,"code":151733,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151735,151736],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151737,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151739,110],{"class":102},[66,151741,3044],{"class":80},[66,151743,60206],{"class":84},[66,151745,3044],{"class":80},[66,151747,121],{"class":102},[66,151749,3039],{"class":80},[66,151751,60215],{"class":84},[66,151753,3044],{"class":80},[66,151755,121],{"class":102},[66,151757,3039],{"class":80},[66,151759,60224],{"class":84},[66,151761,3044],{"class":80},[66,151763,121],{"class":102},[66,151765,3039],{"class":80},[66,151767,60224],{"class":84},[66,151769,3044],{"class":80},[66,151771,121],{"class":102},[66,151773,3039],{"class":80},[66,151775,656],{"class":84},[66,151777,3044],{"class":80},[66,151779,131],{"class":102},[20,151781,40673,151782,151784],{},[398,151783,4383],{}," return:",[57,151786,151788],{"className":59,"code":151787,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('hello',)\n",[15,151789,151790],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151791,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151793,110],{"class":102},[66,151795,3044],{"class":80},[66,151797,939],{"class":84},[66,151799,3044],{"class":80},[66,151801,148931],{"class":102},[20,151803,151804],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[57,151806,151808],{"className":59,"code":151807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151809,151810,151827],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151811,151812,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151813,151814],{"class":72},"single ",[66,151816,77],{"class":76},[66,151818,8997],{"class":102},[66,151820,113],{"class":80},[66,151822,939],{"class":84},[66,151824,113],{"class":80},[66,151826,148931],{"class":102},[66,151828,151829,151831,151833,151836],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151830,138],{"class":137},[66,151832,110],{"class":102},[66,151834,151835],{"class":106},"single",[66,151837,131],{"class":102},[258,151839,151841],{"id":151840},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151843,151708],{},[57,151845,151847],{"className":59,"code":151846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151848,151849,151881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151850,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151852,8926],{"class":72},[66,151854,77],{"class":76},[66,151856,10253],{"class":102},[66,151858,113],{"class":80},[66,151860,200],{"class":84},[66,151862,113],{"class":80},[66,151864,1111],{"class":102},[66,151866,479],{"class":478},[66,151868,121],{"class":102},[66,151870,81],{"class":80},[66,151872,4514],{"class":84},[66,151874,113],{"class":80},[66,151876,1111],{"class":102},[66,151878,561],{"class":478},[66,151880,9070],{"class":102},[66,151882,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151884,138],{"class":137},[66,151886,110],{"class":102},[66,151888,48721],{"class":2641},[66,151890,110],{"class":102},[66,151892,8965],{"class":106},[66,151894,1330],{"class":102},[20,151896,151897],{},"returns only the keys:",[57,151899,151901],{"className":59,"code":151900,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151902,151903],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151904,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151906,110],{"class":102},[66,151908,3044],{"class":80},[66,151910,200],{"class":84},[66,151912,3044],{"class":80},[66,151914,121],{"class":102},[66,151916,3039],{"class":80},[66,151918,4514],{"class":84},[66,151920,3044],{"class":80},[66,151922,131],{"class":102},[20,151924,151925],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[57,151927,151929],{"className":59,"code":151928,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151930,151931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151932,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151934,138],{"class":137},[66,151936,110],{"class":102},[66,151938,48721],{"class":2641},[66,151940,110],{"class":102},[66,151942,8965],{"class":106},[66,151944,103],{"class":102},[66,151946,7566],{"class":106},[66,151948,6042],{"class":102},[258,151950,151952],{"id":151951},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151954,151955,151956,151958],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151957,37812],{}," conversion.",[20,151960,5226],{},[57,151962,151964],{"className":59,"code":151963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151965,151966,151986],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151967,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151969,2181],{"class":72},[66,151971,77],{"class":76},[66,151973,8997],{"class":102},[66,151975,2729],{"class":478},[66,151977,121],{"class":102},[66,151979,561],{"class":478},[66,151981,121],{"class":102},[66,151983,2186],{"class":478},[66,151985,131],{"class":102},[66,151987,151988,151990,151992,151994],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,151989,138],{"class":137},[66,151991,110],{"class":102},[66,151993,2208],{"class":106},[66,151995,131],{"class":102},[20,151997,151998],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152000,25271,152001,152003],{},[15,152002,37812],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[52,152005,1518],{"id":1517},[258,152007,152009],{"id":152008},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152011,152012],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[258,152014,152016],{"id":152015},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152018,152019,152020,103],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152021,7120],{},[258,152023,152025],{"id":152024},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152027,152028],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[258,152030,152032],{"id":152031},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152034,152035],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[258,152037,152039],{"id":152038},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152041,152042,152043,103],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152044,2746],{},[52,152046,1620],{"id":1619},[33,152048,152049,152053,152057,152061,152065,152069],{},[36,152050,152051],{},[200,152052,147575],{"href":147574},[36,152054,152055],{},[200,152056,150502],{"href":148878},[36,152058,152059],{},[200,152060,104813],{"href":59824},[36,152062,152063],{},[200,152064,151231],{"href":151230},[36,152066,152067],{},[200,152068,63314],{"href":63313},[36,152070,152071],{},[200,152072,62055],{"href":52367},[1651,152074,152075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":152077},[152078,152079,152080,152081,152082,152089,152090,152091,152092,152098,152105],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":150705,"depth":91,"text":150706},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":149251,"depth":91,"text":149252},{"id":150874,"depth":91,"text":150875,"children":152083},[152084,152085,152086,152087,152088],{"id":150878,"depth":134,"text":150879},{"id":150966,"depth":134,"text":150967},{"id":151065,"depth":134,"text":151066},{"id":151145,"depth":134,"text":151146},{"id":151234,"depth":134,"text":151235},{"id":151339,"depth":91,"text":151340},{"id":151509,"depth":91,"text":151510},{"id":151603,"depth":91,"text":151604},{"id":115076,"depth":91,"text":115077,"children":152093},[152094,152095,152096,152097],{"id":151653,"depth":134,"text":151654},{"id":151704,"depth":134,"text":151705},{"id":151840,"depth":134,"text":151841},{"id":151951,"depth":134,"text":151952},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":152099},[152100,152101,152102,152103,152104],{"id":152008,"depth":134,"text":152009},{"id":152015,"depth":134,"text":152016},{"id":152024,"depth":134,"text":152025},{"id":152031,"depth":134,"text":152032},{"id":152038,"depth":134,"text":152039},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150560,"description":152106},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152113,"title":152114,"body":152115,"description":153528,"extension":1694,"meta":153529,"navigation":338,"path":153530,"seo":153531,"stem":153532,"__hash__":153533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152116,"toc":153500},[152117,152122,152127,152130,152132,152211,152217,152222,152226,152241,152243,152290,152292,152300,152308,152314,152316,152321,152341,152344,152371,152373,152397,152399,152541,152543,152547,152555,152558,152560,152637,152639,152647,152651,152655,152665,152675,152677,152682,152684,152743,152748,152750,152850,152852,152866,152871,152877,152884,152887,152889,152999,153003,153020,153022,153085,153087,153095,153107,153111,153116,153144,153147,153229,153231,153242,153244,153248,153275,153277,153279,153359,153367,153369,153424,153426,153431,153434,153438,153442,153444,153448,153452,153460,153467,153470,153472,153497],[10,152118,147459,152120,18],{"id":152119},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152121,58736],{},[20,152123,152124,152126],{},[15,152125,148780],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152128,152129],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[52,152131,55],{"id":54},[57,152133,152135],{"className":59,"code":152134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152136,152137,152177,152199],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152138,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152140,12838],{"class":72},[66,152142,77],{"class":76},[66,152144,8997],{"class":102},[66,152146,113],{"class":80},[66,152148,1392],{"class":84},[66,152150,113],{"class":80},[66,152152,121],{"class":102},[66,152154,81],{"class":80},[66,152156,1401],{"class":84},[66,152158,113],{"class":80},[66,152160,121],{"class":102},[66,152162,81],{"class":80},[66,152164,17217],{"class":84},[66,152166,113],{"class":80},[66,152168,121],{"class":102},[66,152170,81],{"class":80},[66,152172,1401],{"class":84},[66,152174,113],{"class":80},[66,152176,131],{"class":102},[66,152178,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,152180,64683],{"class":72},[66,152182,77],{"class":76},[66,152184,12884],{"class":72},[66,152186,103],{"class":102},[66,152188,35612],{"class":106},[66,152190,110],{"class":102},[66,152192,113],{"class":80},[66,152194,1401],{"class":84},[66,152196,113],{"class":80},[66,152198,131],{"class":102},[66,152200,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,152202,138],{"class":137},[66,152204,110],{"class":102},[66,152206,64710],{"class":106},[66,152208,3410],{"class":102},[66,152210,27545],{"class":3413},[20,152212,152213,152216],{},[15,152214,152215],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[52,152218,168,152220,41],{"id":152219},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152221,148780],{},[20,152223,1711,152224,11175],{},[15,152225,58736],{},[33,152227,152228,152231,152233,152236],{},[36,152229,152230],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[36,152232,128212],{},[36,152234,152235],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[36,152237,152238,152239],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152240,1852],{},[20,152242,923],{},[57,152244,152246],{"className":59,"code":152245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152247,152248,152272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152249,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152251,3365],{"class":72},[66,152253,77],{"class":76},[66,152255,8997],{"class":102},[66,152257,2064],{"class":478},[66,152259,121],{"class":102},[66,152261,7546],{"class":478},[66,152263,121],{"class":102},[66,152265,7551],{"class":478},[66,152267,121],{"class":102},[66,152269,7546],{"class":478},[66,152271,131],{"class":102},[66,152273,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,152275,138],{"class":137},[66,152277,110],{"class":102},[66,152279,3397],{"class":106},[66,152281,103],{"class":102},[66,152283,35612],{"class":106},[66,152285,110],{"class":102},[66,152287,15516],{"class":478},[66,152289,1330],{"class":102},[20,152291,148],{},[57,152293,152294],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,152295,152296],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152297,152298],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152299,46684],{"class":478},[20,152301,20741,152302,152304,152305,152307],{},[15,152303,15516],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152306,58736],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152309,150726,152310,103],{},[200,152311,152313],{"href":152312},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[52,152315,1891],{"id":1890},[20,152317,7518,152318,152320],{},[15,152319,58736],{}," in two ways:",[57,152322,152324],{"className":59,"code":152323,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152325,152326],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152327,152328,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152329,152330],{"class":72},"tuple_name",[66,152332,103],{"class":102},[66,152334,35612],{"class":106},[66,152336,110],{"class":102},[66,152338,2208],{"class":106},[66,152340,131],{"class":102},[20,152342,152343],{},"or:",[57,152345,152347],{"className":59,"code":152346,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152348,152349],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152350,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152352,152330],{"class":72},[66,152354,103],{"class":102},[66,152356,35612],{"class":106},[66,152358,110],{"class":102},[66,152360,2208],{"class":106},[66,152362,121],{"class":102},[66,152364,35818],{"class":106},[66,152366,121],{"class":102},[66,152368,64804],{"class":106},[66,152370,131],{"class":102},[258,152372,261],{"id":260},[33,152374,152375,152380,152385,152390],{},[36,152376,152377,152379],{},[15,152378,2208],{}," — the item to search for",[36,152381,152382,152384],{},[15,152383,35839],{}," — optional starting position",[36,152386,152387,152389],{},[15,152388,52428],{}," — optional ending position",[36,152391,152392,4537,152394,152396],{},[15,152393,52428],{},[398,152395,64833],{}," in the search",[20,152398,923],{},[57,152400,152402],{"className":59,"code":152401,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152403,152404,152452,152456,152481,152509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152405,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152407,35857],{"class":72},[66,152409,77],{"class":76},[66,152411,8997],{"class":102},[66,152413,113],{"class":80},[66,152415,200],{"class":84},[66,152417,113],{"class":80},[66,152419,121],{"class":102},[66,152421,81],{"class":80},[66,152423,4514],{"class":84},[66,152425,113],{"class":80},[66,152427,121],{"class":102},[66,152429,81],{"class":80},[66,152431,9501],{"class":84},[66,152433,113],{"class":80},[66,152435,121],{"class":102},[66,152437,81],{"class":80},[66,152439,4514],{"class":84},[66,152441,113],{"class":80},[66,152443,121],{"class":102},[66,152445,81],{"class":80},[66,152447,18530],{"class":84},[66,152449,113],{"class":80},[66,152451,131],{"class":102},[66,152453,152454],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,152455,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,152457,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,152459,138],{"class":137},[66,152461,110],{"class":102},[66,152463,35910],{"class":106},[66,152465,103],{"class":102},[66,152467,35612],{"class":106},[66,152469,110],{"class":102},[66,152471,113],{"class":80},[66,152473,4514],{"class":84},[66,152475,113],{"class":80},[66,152477,5117],{"class":102},[66,152479,152480],{"class":3413},"        # 1\n",[66,152482,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505,152507],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,152484,138],{"class":137},[66,152486,110],{"class":102},[66,152488,35910],{"class":106},[66,152490,103],{"class":102},[66,152492,35612],{"class":106},[66,152494,110],{"class":102},[66,152496,113],{"class":80},[66,152498,4514],{"class":84},[66,152500,113],{"class":80},[66,152502,121],{"class":102},[66,152504,561],{"class":478},[66,152506,5117],{"class":102},[66,152508,50686],{"class":3413},[66,152510,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,152512,138],{"class":137},[66,152514,110],{"class":102},[66,152516,35910],{"class":106},[66,152518,103],{"class":102},[66,152520,35612],{"class":106},[66,152522,110],{"class":102},[66,152524,113],{"class":80},[66,152526,4514],{"class":84},[66,152528,113],{"class":80},[66,152530,121],{"class":102},[66,152532,479],{"class":478},[66,152534,121],{"class":102},[66,152536,2186],{"class":478},[66,152538,5117],{"class":102},[66,152540,27545],{"class":3413},[52,152542,103140],{"id":103139},[20,152544,152545,25274],{},[15,152546,148780],{},[33,152548,152549,152552],{},[36,152550,152551],{},"An integer",[36,152553,152554],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152556,152557],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152559,923],{},[57,152561,152563],{"className":59,"code":152562,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152564,152565,152605,152627],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152566,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152568,108239],{"class":72},[66,152570,77],{"class":76},[66,152572,8997],{"class":102},[66,152574,113],{"class":80},[66,152576,462],{"class":84},[66,152578,113],{"class":80},[66,152580,121],{"class":102},[66,152582,81],{"class":80},[66,152584,471],{"class":84},[66,152586,113],{"class":80},[66,152588,121],{"class":102},[66,152590,81],{"class":80},[66,152592,57912],{"class":84},[66,152594,113],{"class":80},[66,152596,121],{"class":102},[66,152598,81],{"class":80},[66,152600,471],{"class":84},[66,152602,113],{"class":80},[66,152604,131],{"class":102},[66,152606,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,152608,447],{"class":72},[66,152610,77],{"class":76},[66,152612,108282],{"class":72},[66,152614,103],{"class":102},[66,152616,35612],{"class":106},[66,152618,110],{"class":102},[66,152620,113],{"class":80},[66,152622,471],{"class":84},[66,152624,113],{"class":80},[66,152626,131],{"class":102},[66,152628,152629,152631,152633,152635],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,152630,138],{"class":137},[66,152632,110],{"class":102},[66,152634,494],{"class":106},[66,152636,131],{"class":102},[20,152638,148],{},[57,152640,152641],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,152642,152643],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152644,152645],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152646,46684],{"class":478},[52,152648,152650],{"id":152649},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152652,160,152653,10364],{},[15,152654,148780],{},[33,152656,152657,152659,152662],{},[36,152658,65862],{},[36,152660,152661],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[36,152663,152664],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152666,152667,152668,152671,152672,103],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152669,152670],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[200,152673,149248],{"href":152674},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[52,152676,65394],{"id":65393},[20,152678,152679,152680,103],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152681,40471],{},[20,152683,923],{},[57,152685,152687],{"className":59,"code":152686,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152688,152689,152721],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152690,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152692,12838],{"class":72},[66,152694,77],{"class":76},[66,152696,8997],{"class":102},[66,152698,113],{"class":80},[66,152700,1392],{"class":84},[66,152702,113],{"class":80},[66,152704,121],{"class":102},[66,152706,81],{"class":80},[66,152708,1401],{"class":84},[66,152710,113],{"class":80},[66,152712,121],{"class":102},[66,152714,81],{"class":80},[66,152716,17217],{"class":84},[66,152718,113],{"class":80},[66,152720,131],{"class":102},[66,152722,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,152724,138],{"class":137},[66,152726,110],{"class":102},[66,152728,17264],{"class":106},[66,152730,103],{"class":102},[66,152732,35612],{"class":106},[66,152734,110],{"class":102},[66,152736,113],{"class":80},[66,152738,22288],{"class":84},[66,152740,113],{"class":80},[66,152742,1330],{"class":102},[20,152744,39420,152745,152747],{},[15,152746,109564],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152749,65469],{},[57,152751,152753],{"className":59,"code":152752,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152754,152755,152787,152791,152807,152829,152835],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152756,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152758,12838],{"class":72},[66,152760,77],{"class":76},[66,152762,8997],{"class":102},[66,152764,113],{"class":80},[66,152766,1392],{"class":84},[66,152768,113],{"class":80},[66,152770,121],{"class":102},[66,152772,81],{"class":80},[66,152774,1401],{"class":84},[66,152776,113],{"class":80},[66,152778,121],{"class":102},[66,152780,81],{"class":80},[66,152782,17217],{"class":84},[66,152784,113],{"class":80},[66,152786,131],{"class":102},[66,152788,152789],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,152790,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,152792,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,152794,6752],{"class":3627},[66,152796,81],{"class":80},[66,152798,22288],{"class":84},[66,152800,113],{"class":80},[66,152802,20937],{"class":76},[66,152804,12884],{"class":72},[66,152806,6146],{"class":102},[66,152808,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,152810,7826],{"class":137},[66,152812,110],{"class":102},[66,152814,17264],{"class":106},[66,152816,103],{"class":102},[66,152818,35612],{"class":106},[66,152820,110],{"class":102},[66,152822,113],{"class":80},[66,152824,22288],{"class":84},[66,152826,113],{"class":80},[66,152828,1330],{"class":102},[66,152830,152831,152833],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,152832,27199],{"class":3627},[66,152834,6146],{"class":102},[66,152836,152837,152839,152841,152843,152846,152848],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,152838,7826],{"class":137},[66,152840,110],{"class":102},[66,152842,113],{"class":80},[66,152844,152845],{"class":84},"Value not found",[66,152847,113],{"class":80},[66,152849,131],{"class":102},[20,152851,148],{},[57,152853,152855],{"className":59,"code":152854,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Value not found\n",[15,152856,152857],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152858,152859,152862,152864],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152860,152861],{"class":72},"Value ",[66,152863,4383],{"class":76},[66,152865,65593],{"class":72},[20,152867,152868,152869,103],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[200,152870,65603],{"href":65602},[52,152872,8176,152873,798,152875],{"id":65170},[15,152874,35839],{},[15,152876,52428],{},[20,152878,1711,152879,798,152881,152883],{},[15,152880,35839],{},[15,152882,52428],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152885,152886],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152888,923],{},[57,152890,152892],{"className":59,"code":152891,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152893,152894,152922,152926,152947,152971],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152895,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152897,3573],{"class":72},[66,152899,77],{"class":76},[66,152901,8997],{"class":102},[66,152903,1869],{"class":478},[66,152905,121],{"class":102},[66,152907,5757],{"class":478},[66,152909,121],{"class":102},[66,152911,4357],{"class":478},[66,152913,121],{"class":102},[66,152915,7546],{"class":478},[66,152917,121],{"class":102},[66,152919,4357],{"class":478},[66,152921,131],{"class":102},[66,152923,152924],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,152925,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,152927,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,152929,138],{"class":137},[66,152931,110],{"class":102},[66,152933,5114],{"class":106},[66,152935,103],{"class":102},[66,152937,35612],{"class":106},[66,152939,110],{"class":102},[66,152941,1869],{"class":478},[66,152943,5117],{"class":102},[66,152945,152946],{"class":3413},"        # 0\n",[66,152948,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,152950,138],{"class":137},[66,152952,110],{"class":102},[66,152954,5114],{"class":106},[66,152956,103],{"class":102},[66,152958,35612],{"class":106},[66,152960,110],{"class":102},[66,152962,1869],{"class":478},[66,152964,121],{"class":102},[66,152966,479],{"class":478},[66,152968,5117],{"class":102},[66,152970,50720],{"class":3413},[66,152972,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,152974,138],{"class":137},[66,152976,110],{"class":102},[66,152978,5114],{"class":106},[66,152980,103],{"class":102},[66,152982,35612],{"class":106},[66,152984,110],{"class":102},[66,152986,1869],{"class":478},[66,152988,121],{"class":102},[66,152990,2186],{"class":478},[66,152992,121],{"class":102},[66,152994,4357],{"class":478},[66,152996,5117],{"class":102},[66,152998,50703],{"class":3413},[258,153000,153002],{"id":153001},"how-it-works","How it works",[33,153004,153005,153010,153015],{},[36,153006,153007,153009],{},[15,153008,35839],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[36,153011,153012,153014],{},[15,153013,52428],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[36,153016,1711,153017,153019],{},[15,153018,52428],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153021,923],{},[57,153023,153025],{"className":59,"code":153024,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153026,153027,153055,153059],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153028,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153030,3573],{"class":72},[66,153032,77],{"class":76},[66,153034,8997],{"class":102},[66,153036,1869],{"class":478},[66,153038,121],{"class":102},[66,153040,5757],{"class":478},[66,153042,121],{"class":102},[66,153044,4357],{"class":478},[66,153046,121],{"class":102},[66,153048,7546],{"class":478},[66,153050,121],{"class":102},[66,153052,4357],{"class":478},[66,153054,131],{"class":102},[66,153056,153057],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153058,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,153060,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153062,138],{"class":137},[66,153064,110],{"class":102},[66,153066,5114],{"class":106},[66,153068,103],{"class":102},[66,153070,35612],{"class":106},[66,153072,110],{"class":102},[66,153074,1869],{"class":478},[66,153076,121],{"class":102},[66,153078,479],{"class":478},[66,153080,121],{"class":102},[66,153082,2192],{"class":478},[66,153084,1330],{"class":102},[20,153086,148],{},[57,153088,153089],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,153090,153091],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153092,153093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153094,16819],{"class":478},[20,153096,153097,153098,1923,153100,16835,153102,153104,153105,103],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153099,2729],{},[15,153101,1788],{},[15,153103,1794],{},", but not ",[15,153106,2241],{},[52,153108,153110],{"id":153109},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153112,153113,153114,1111],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153115,148780],{},[33,153117,153118,153126,153131,153138],{},[36,153119,153120,153121,153123,153124],{},"Do not confuse the ",[398,153122,2208],{}," with the ",[398,153125,35612],{},[36,153127,153128,153129],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153130,1852],{},[36,153132,160,153133,153137],{},[200,153134,148806,153135,774],{"href":148858},[15,153136,57059],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[36,153139,153140,153141,153143],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153142,152670],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153145,153146],{},"Example of value vs index:",[57,153148,153150],{"className":59,"code":153149,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153151,153152,153184,153188,153212],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153153,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153155,36006],{"class":72},[66,153157,77],{"class":76},[66,153159,8997],{"class":102},[66,153161,113],{"class":80},[66,153163,3832],{"class":84},[66,153165,113],{"class":80},[66,153167,121],{"class":102},[66,153169,81],{"class":80},[66,153171,627],{"class":84},[66,153173,113],{"class":80},[66,153175,121],{"class":102},[66,153177,81],{"class":80},[66,153179,32989],{"class":84},[66,153181,113],{"class":80},[66,153183,131],{"class":102},[66,153185,153186],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153187,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,153189,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153191,138],{"class":137},[66,153193,110],{"class":102},[66,153195,36058],{"class":106},[66,153197,103],{"class":102},[66,153199,35612],{"class":106},[66,153201,110],{"class":102},[66,153203,113],{"class":80},[66,153205,627],{"class":84},[66,153207,113],{"class":80},[66,153209,5117],{"class":102},[66,153211,27545],{"class":3413},[66,153213,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,153215,138],{"class":137},[66,153217,110],{"class":102},[66,153219,36058],{"class":106},[66,153221,3652],{"class":102},[66,153223,2729],{"class":478},[66,153225,20209],{"class":102},[66,153227,153228],{"class":3413},"               # banana\n",[20,153230,1912],{},[33,153232,153233,153237],{},[36,153234,153235,15008],{},[15,153236,65038],{},[36,153238,153239,153241],{},[15,153240,2729],{}," is the index",[52,153243,2568],{"id":2567},[20,153245,105878,153246,1111],{},[15,153247,148780],{},[33,153249,153250,153253,153258,153263,153270],{},[36,153251,153252],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[36,153254,1119,153255,153257],{},[15,153256,58736],{}," to return all matching positions",[36,153259,153260,153261],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153262,1852],{},[36,153264,153265,153266,798,153268],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153267,35839],{},[15,153269,52428],{},[36,153271,1128,153272,153274],{},[15,153273,148780],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[258,153276,60475],{"id":60474},[20,153278,94140],{},[57,153280,153282],{"className":59,"code":153281,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153283,153284,153294,153308,153323,153341],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153285,153286,153288,153290,153292],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153287,138],{"class":137},[66,153289,110],{"class":102},[66,153291,147593],{"class":106},[66,153293,131],{"class":102},[66,153295,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153297,138],{"class":137},[66,153299,110],{"class":102},[66,153301,10924],{"class":137},[66,153303,110],{"class":102},[66,153305,147593],{"class":106},[66,153307,1330],{"class":102},[66,153309,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153321],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153311,138],{"class":137},[66,153313,110],{"class":102},[66,153315,2181],{"class":106},[66,153317,3634],{"class":3627},[66,153319,153320],{"class":106}," my_tuple",[66,153322,131],{"class":102},[66,153324,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,153326,138],{"class":137},[66,153328,110],{"class":102},[66,153330,147593],{"class":106},[66,153332,103],{"class":102},[66,153334,195],{"class":106},[66,153336,110],{"class":102},[66,153338,2208],{"class":106},[66,153340,1330],{"class":102},[66,153342,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,153344,138],{"class":137},[66,153346,110],{"class":102},[66,153348,147593],{"class":106},[66,153350,103],{"class":102},[66,153352,35612],{"class":106},[66,153354,110],{"class":102},[66,153356,2208],{"class":106},[66,153358,1330],{"class":102},[20,153360,153361,153362,84161,153364,153366],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153363,40471],{},[15,153365,2208],{}," is missing.",[20,153368,129364],{},[57,153370,153372],{"className":59,"code":153371,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153373,153374,153386,153404,153410],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153375,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153377,6752],{"class":3627},[66,153379,21348],{"class":72},[66,153381,3634],{"class":76},[66,153383,153320],{"class":72},[66,153385,6146],{"class":102},[66,153387,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153389,7826],{"class":137},[66,153391,110],{"class":102},[66,153393,147593],{"class":106},[66,153395,103],{"class":102},[66,153397,35612],{"class":106},[66,153399,110],{"class":102},[66,153401,2208],{"class":106},[66,153403,1330],{"class":102},[66,153405,153406,153408],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153407,27199],{"class":3627},[66,153409,6146],{"class":102},[66,153411,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,153413,7826],{"class":137},[66,153415,110],{"class":102},[66,153417,113],{"class":80},[66,153419,152845],{"class":84},[66,153421,113],{"class":80},[66,153423,131],{"class":102},[52,153425,1518],{"id":1517},[258,153427,4897,153429,12478],{"id":153428},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153430,148780],{},[20,153432,153433],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[258,153435,153437],{"id":153436},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153439,153440,152307],{},[15,153441,148780],{},[258,153443,148759],{"id":148758},[20,153445,76622,153446,103],{},[15,153447,40471],{},[258,153449,153451],{"id":153450},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153453,153454,153455,798,153457,153459],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153456,35839],{},[15,153458,52428],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[258,153461,1610,153463,56974,153465,2228],{"id":153462},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153464,148780],{},[15,153466,64629],{},[20,153468,153469],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[52,153471,1620],{"id":1619},[33,153473,153474,153480,153484,153489,153493],{},[36,153475,153476],{},[200,153477,148806,153478,774],{"href":148858},[15,153479,57059],{},[36,153481,153482],{},[200,153483,149248],{"href":152674},[36,153485,153486],{},[200,153487,153488],{"href":150554},"Creating a tuple in Python",[36,153490,153491],{},[200,153492,65603],{"href":65602},[36,153494,153495],{},[200,153496,150502],{"href":152312},[1651,153498,153499],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891,"children":153506},[153507],{"id":260,"depth":134,"text":261},{"id":103139,"depth":91,"text":103140},{"id":152649,"depth":91,"text":152650},{"id":65393,"depth":91,"text":65394},{"id":65170,"depth":91,"text":65953,"children":153512},[153513],{"id":153001,"depth":134,"text":153002},{"id":153109,"depth":91,"text":153110},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568,"children":153516},[153517],{"id":60474,"depth":134,"text":60475},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":153519},[153520,153522,153523,153524,153525],{"id":153428,"depth":134,"text":153521},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153436,"depth":134,"text":153437},{"id":148758,"depth":134,"text":148759},{"id":153450,"depth":134,"text":153451},{"id":153462,"depth":134,"text":153526},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152114,"description":153528},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153535,"title":153536,"body":153537,"description":154932,"extension":1694,"meta":154933,"navigation":338,"path":152674,"seo":154934,"stem":154935,"__hash__":154936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153538,"toc":154914},[153539,153542,153545,153548,153562,153564,153567,153661,153671,153677,153681,153684,153687,153689,153707,153709,153780,153782,153799,153803,153807,153810,153827,153830,153845,153847,153938,153941,153945,153948,153965,153967,154062,154065,154068,154072,154075,154169,154171,154190,154193,154197,154200,154202,154257,154259,154294,154297,154311,154319,154412,154421,154425,154428,154435,154438,154485,154487,154495,154498,154549,154551,154568,154573,154577,154580,154583,154585,154636,154639,154694,154697,154700,154702,154705,154725,154727,154800,154803,154816,154818,154822,154827,154831,154836,154853,154857,154860,154877,154881,154884,154886,154911],[10,153540,153536],{"id":153541},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153543,153544],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153546,153547],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[33,153549,153550,153553,153556,153559],{},[36,153551,153552],{},"positive indexes",[36,153554,153555],{},"negative indexes",[36,153557,153558],{},"common indexing mistakes",[36,153560,153561],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[52,153563,3355],{"id":3354},[20,153565,153566],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[57,153568,153570],{"className":59,"code":153569,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153571,153572,153604,153608,153625,153642],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153573,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153575,12838],{"class":72},[66,153577,77],{"class":76},[66,153579,8997],{"class":102},[66,153581,113],{"class":80},[66,153583,1392],{"class":84},[66,153585,113],{"class":80},[66,153587,121],{"class":102},[66,153589,81],{"class":80},[66,153591,17217],{"class":84},[66,153593,113],{"class":80},[66,153595,121],{"class":102},[66,153597,81],{"class":80},[66,153599,1401],{"class":84},[66,153601,113],{"class":80},[66,153603,131],{"class":102},[66,153605,153606],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153607,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,153609,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620,153622],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153611,138],{"class":137},[66,153613,110],{"class":102},[66,153615,17264],{"class":106},[66,153617,3652],{"class":102},[66,153619,1852],{"class":478},[66,153621,20209],{"class":102},[66,153623,153624],{"class":3413},"   # red\n",[66,153626,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,153628,138],{"class":137},[66,153630,110],{"class":102},[66,153632,17264],{"class":106},[66,153634,3652],{"class":102},[66,153636,2729],{"class":478},[66,153638,20209],{"class":102},[66,153640,153641],{"class":3413},"   # green\n",[66,153643,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,153645,138],{"class":137},[66,153647,110],{"class":102},[66,153649,17264],{"class":106},[66,153651,3652],{"class":102},[66,153653,1753],{"class":76},[66,153655,2729],{"class":478},[66,153657,20209],{"class":102},[66,153659,153660],{"class":3413},"  # blue\n",[33,153662,153663,153668],{},[36,153664,132149,153665,153667],{},[15,153666,1852],{}," is the first item.",[36,153669,153670],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153672,153673,153674,103],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[200,153675,153676],{"href":147578},"how to create a tuple in Python",[52,153678,153680],{"id":153679},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153682,153683],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153685,153686],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153688,11221],{},[33,153690,153691,153694,153701,153704],{},[36,153692,153693],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[36,153695,153696,153697,18726,153699],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153698,1852],{},[15,153700,2729],{},[36,153702,153703],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[36,153705,153706],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153708,923],{},[57,153710,153712],{"className":59,"code":153711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153713,153714,153734,153738,153752,153766],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153715,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153717,3365],{"class":72},[66,153719,77],{"class":76},[66,153721,8997],{"class":102},[66,153723,2064],{"class":478},[66,153725,121],{"class":102},[66,153727,7546],{"class":478},[66,153729,121],{"class":102},[66,153731,7551],{"class":478},[66,153733,131],{"class":102},[66,153735,153736],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153737,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,153739,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153741,138],{"class":137},[66,153743,110],{"class":102},[66,153745,3397],{"class":106},[66,153747,3652],{"class":102},[66,153749,1852],{"class":478},[66,153751,3640],{"class":102},[66,153753,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,153755,138],{"class":137},[66,153757,110],{"class":102},[66,153759,3397],{"class":106},[66,153761,3652],{"class":102},[66,153763,2729],{"class":478},[66,153765,3640],{"class":102},[66,153767,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,153769,138],{"class":137},[66,153771,110],{"class":102},[66,153773,3397],{"class":106},[66,153775,3652],{"class":102},[66,153777,1788],{"class":478},[66,153779,3640],{"class":102},[20,153781,148],{},[57,153783,153785],{"className":59,"code":153784,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153786,153787,153791,153795],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153788,153789],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153790,2110],{"class":478},[66,153792,153793],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153794,70988],{"class":478},[66,153796,153797],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153798,69604],{"class":478},[20,153800,59161,153801,103],{},[200,153802,147575],{"href":147574},[52,153804,153806],{"id":153805},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153808,153809],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[33,153811,153812,153817,153822],{},[36,153813,153814,153816],{},[15,153815,1852],{}," = first item",[36,153818,153819,153821],{},[15,153820,2729],{}," = second item",[36,153823,153824,153826],{},[15,153825,1788],{}," = third item",[20,153828,153829],{},"Pattern:",[57,153831,153833],{"className":59,"code":153832,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153834,153835],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153836,153837,153839,153841,153843],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153838,152330],{"class":72},[66,153840,3652],{"class":102},[66,153842,35612],{"class":72},[66,153844,3383],{"class":102},[20,153846,923],{},[57,153848,153850],{"className":59,"code":153849,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153851,153852,153884,153888,153905,153921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153853,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153855,36006],{"class":72},[66,153857,77],{"class":76},[66,153859,8997],{"class":102},[66,153861,113],{"class":80},[66,153863,3832],{"class":84},[66,153865,113],{"class":80},[66,153867,121],{"class":102},[66,153869,81],{"class":80},[66,153871,627],{"class":84},[66,153873,113],{"class":80},[66,153875,121],{"class":102},[66,153877,81],{"class":80},[66,153879,3849],{"class":84},[66,153881,113],{"class":80},[66,153883,131],{"class":102},[66,153885,153886],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,153887,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,153889,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,153891,138],{"class":137},[66,153893,110],{"class":102},[66,153895,36058],{"class":106},[66,153897,3652],{"class":102},[66,153899,1852],{"class":478},[66,153901,20209],{"class":102},[66,153903,153904],{"class":3413},"  # apple\n",[66,153906,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,153908,138],{"class":137},[66,153910,110],{"class":102},[66,153912,36058],{"class":106},[66,153914,3652],{"class":102},[66,153916,2729],{"class":478},[66,153918,20209],{"class":102},[66,153920,51253],{"class":3413},[66,153922,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,153924,138],{"class":137},[66,153926,110],{"class":102},[66,153928,36058],{"class":106},[66,153930,3652],{"class":102},[66,153932,1788],{"class":478},[66,153934,20209],{"class":102},[66,153936,153937],{"class":3413},"  # cherry\n",[20,153939,153940],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[52,153942,153944],{"id":153943},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153946,153947],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[33,153949,153950,153955,153960],{},[36,153951,153952,153954],{},[15,153953,65618],{}," = last item",[36,153956,153957,153959],{},[15,153958,95170],{}," = second-to-last item",[36,153961,153962,153964],{},[15,153963,47438],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153966,923],{},[57,153968,153970],{"className":59,"code":153969,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153971,153972,154004,154008,154026,154044],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153973,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153975,36006],{"class":72},[66,153977,77],{"class":76},[66,153979,8997],{"class":102},[66,153981,113],{"class":80},[66,153983,3832],{"class":84},[66,153985,113],{"class":80},[66,153987,121],{"class":102},[66,153989,81],{"class":80},[66,153991,627],{"class":84},[66,153993,113],{"class":80},[66,153995,121],{"class":102},[66,153997,81],{"class":80},[66,153999,3849],{"class":84},[66,154001,113],{"class":80},[66,154003,131],{"class":102},[66,154005,154006],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154007,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,154009,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154011,138],{"class":137},[66,154013,110],{"class":102},[66,154015,36058],{"class":106},[66,154017,3652],{"class":102},[66,154019,1753],{"class":76},[66,154021,2729],{"class":478},[66,154023,20209],{"class":102},[66,154025,153937],{"class":3413},[66,154027,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,154029,138],{"class":137},[66,154031,110],{"class":102},[66,154033,36058],{"class":106},[66,154035,3652],{"class":102},[66,154037,1753],{"class":76},[66,154039,1788],{"class":478},[66,154041,20209],{"class":102},[66,154043,51253],{"class":3413},[66,154045,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,154047,138],{"class":137},[66,154049,110],{"class":102},[66,154051,36058],{"class":106},[66,154053,3652],{"class":102},[66,154055,1753],{"class":76},[66,154057,1794],{"class":478},[66,154059,20209],{"class":102},[66,154061,153904],{"class":3413},[20,154063,154064],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154066,154067],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[52,154069,154071],{"id":154070},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154073,154074],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[57,154076,154078],{"className":59,"code":154077,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154079,154080,154112,154116,154133,154150],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154081,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154083,4749],{"class":72},[66,154085,77],{"class":76},[66,154087,8997],{"class":102},[66,154089,113],{"class":80},[66,154091,12643],{"class":84},[66,154093,113],{"class":80},[66,154095,121],{"class":102},[66,154097,81],{"class":80},[66,154099,35707],{"class":84},[66,154101,113],{"class":80},[66,154103,121],{"class":102},[66,154105,81],{"class":80},[66,154107,35716],{"class":84},[66,154109,113],{"class":80},[66,154111,131],{"class":102},[66,154113,154114],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154115,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,154117,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128,154130],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154119,138],{"class":137},[66,154121,110],{"class":102},[66,154123,4793],{"class":106},[66,154125,3652],{"class":102},[66,154127,1852],{"class":478},[66,154129,20209],{"class":102},[66,154131,154132],{"class":3413},"   # first item\n",[66,154134,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,154136,138],{"class":137},[66,154138,110],{"class":102},[66,154140,4793],{"class":106},[66,154142,3652],{"class":102},[66,154144,2729],{"class":478},[66,154146,20209],{"class":102},[66,154148,154149],{"class":3413},"   # middle item\n",[66,154151,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,154153,138],{"class":137},[66,154155,110],{"class":102},[66,154157,4793],{"class":106},[66,154159,3652],{"class":102},[66,154161,1753],{"class":76},[66,154163,2729],{"class":478},[66,154165,20209],{"class":102},[66,154167,154168],{"class":3413},"  # last item\n",[20,154170,148],{},[57,154172,154174],{"className":59,"code":154173,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154175,154176,154180,154185],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154177,154178],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154179,49807],{"class":72},[66,154181,154182],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154183,154184],{"class":72},"Ben\n",[66,154186,154187],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154188,154189],{"class":72},"Cara\n",[20,154191,154192],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[52,154194,154196],{"id":154195},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154198,154199],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154201,923],{},[57,154203,154205],{"className":59,"code":154204,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154206,154207,154239,154243],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154208,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154210,35857],{"class":72},[66,154212,77],{"class":76},[66,154214,8997],{"class":102},[66,154216,113],{"class":80},[66,154218,200],{"class":84},[66,154220,113],{"class":80},[66,154222,121],{"class":102},[66,154224,81],{"class":80},[66,154226,4514],{"class":84},[66,154228,113],{"class":80},[66,154230,121],{"class":102},[66,154232,81],{"class":80},[66,154234,9501],{"class":84},[66,154236,113],{"class":80},[66,154238,131],{"class":102},[66,154240,154241],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154242,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,154244,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154246,138],{"class":137},[66,154248,110],{"class":102},[66,154250,35910],{"class":106},[66,154252,3652],{"class":102},[66,154254,1869],{"class":478},[66,154256,3640],{"class":102},[20,154258,148],{},[57,154260,154262],{"className":59,"code":154261,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154263,154264,154276,154281],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154265,154266,154269,154271,154274],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154267,154268],{"class":106},"Traceback ",[66,154270,110],{"class":102},[66,154272,154273],{"class":106},"most recent call last",[66,154275,8100],{"class":102},[66,154277,154278],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154279,154280],{"class":879},"  ...\n",[66,154282,154283,154285,154287,154289,154292],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154284,70495],{"class":2641},[66,154286,1111],{"class":102},[66,154288,148941],{"class":2641},[66,154290,154291],{"class":72}," index out of ",[66,154293,70687],{"class":137},[20,154295,154296],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[33,154298,154299,154303,154307],{},[36,154300,154301],{},[15,154302,1852],{},[36,154304,154305],{},[15,154306,2729],{},[36,154308,154309],{},[15,154310,1788],{},[20,154312,154313,154314,103],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[200,154315,154316,154318],{"href":148813},[15,154317,42127],{}," on a tuple",[57,154320,154322],{"className":59,"code":154321,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154323,154324,154356,154360,154376,154380,154398],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154325,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154327,35857],{"class":72},[66,154329,77],{"class":76},[66,154331,8997],{"class":102},[66,154333,113],{"class":80},[66,154335,200],{"class":84},[66,154337,113],{"class":80},[66,154339,121],{"class":102},[66,154341,81],{"class":80},[66,154343,4514],{"class":84},[66,154345,113],{"class":80},[66,154347,121],{"class":102},[66,154349,81],{"class":80},[66,154351,9501],{"class":84},[66,154353,113],{"class":80},[66,154355,131],{"class":102},[66,154357,154358],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154359,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,154361,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154363,138],{"class":137},[66,154365,110],{"class":102},[66,154367,10924],{"class":137},[66,154369,110],{"class":102},[66,154371,35910],{"class":106},[66,154373,5117],{"class":102},[66,154375,50538],{"class":3413},[66,154377,154378],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,154379,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,154381,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,154383,6752],{"class":3627},[66,154385,38152],{"class":137},[66,154387,110],{"class":102},[66,154389,35910],{"class":106},[66,154391,3410],{"class":102},[66,154393,38162],{"class":76},[66,154395,561],{"class":478},[66,154397,6146],{"class":102},[66,154399,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,154401,7826],{"class":137},[66,154403,110],{"class":102},[66,154405,35910],{"class":106},[66,154407,3652],{"class":102},[66,154409,1788],{"class":478},[66,154411,3640],{"class":102},[20,154413,154414,154415,103],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[200,154416,25445,154418],{"href":154417},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154419,154420],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[52,154422,154424],{"id":154423},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154426,154427],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,154429,154430,154432],{},[36,154431,76639],{},[36,154433,154434],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154436,154437],{},"Indexing example:",[57,154439,154441],{"className":59,"code":154440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154442,154443,154467,154471],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154444,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154446,3365],{"class":72},[66,154448,77],{"class":76},[66,154450,8997],{"class":102},[66,154452,2064],{"class":478},[66,154454,121],{"class":102},[66,154456,7546],{"class":478},[66,154458,121],{"class":102},[66,154460,7551],{"class":478},[66,154462,121],{"class":102},[66,154464,50611],{"class":478},[66,154466,131],{"class":102},[66,154468,154469],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154470,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,154472,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154474,138],{"class":137},[66,154476,110],{"class":102},[66,154478,3397],{"class":106},[66,154480,3652],{"class":102},[66,154482,2729],{"class":478},[66,154484,3640],{"class":102},[20,154486,148],{},[57,154488,154489],{"className":59,"code":70988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,154490,154491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154492,154493],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154494,70988],{"class":478},[20,154496,154497],{},"Slicing example:",[57,154499,154501],{"className":59,"code":154500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154502,154503,154527,154531],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154504,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154506,3365],{"class":72},[66,154508,77],{"class":76},[66,154510,8997],{"class":102},[66,154512,2064],{"class":478},[66,154514,121],{"class":102},[66,154516,7546],{"class":478},[66,154518,121],{"class":102},[66,154520,7551],{"class":478},[66,154522,121],{"class":102},[66,154524,50611],{"class":478},[66,154526,131],{"class":102},[66,154528,154529],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154530,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,154532,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154534,138],{"class":137},[66,154536,110],{"class":102},[66,154538,3397],{"class":106},[66,154540,3652],{"class":102},[66,154542,2729],{"class":478},[66,154544,1111],{"class":102},[66,154546,1794],{"class":478},[66,154548,3640],{"class":102},[20,154550,148],{},[57,154552,154554],{"className":59,"code":154553,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154555,154556],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154557,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154559,110],{"class":102},[66,154561,15516],{"class":478},[66,154563,121],{"class":102},[66,154565,7551],{"class":478},[66,154567,131],{"class":102},[20,154569,154570,154571,103],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[200,154572,150492],{"href":150491},[52,154574,154576],{"id":154575},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154578,154579],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154581,154582],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154584,6442],{},[57,154586,154588],{"className":59,"code":154587,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154589,154590,154622],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154591,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154593,12838],{"class":72},[66,154595,77],{"class":76},[66,154597,8997],{"class":102},[66,154599,113],{"class":80},[66,154601,1392],{"class":84},[66,154603,113],{"class":80},[66,154605,121],{"class":102},[66,154607,81],{"class":80},[66,154609,17217],{"class":84},[66,154611,113],{"class":80},[66,154613,121],{"class":102},[66,154615,81],{"class":80},[66,154617,1401],{"class":84},[66,154619,113],{"class":80},[66,154621,131],{"class":102},[66,154623,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154625,138],{"class":137},[66,154627,110],{"class":102},[66,154629,17264],{"class":106},[66,154631,3652],{"class":102},[66,154633,2729],{"class":478},[66,154635,3640],{"class":102},[20,154637,154638],{},"But this does not work:",[57,154640,154642],{"className":59,"code":154641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154643,154644,154676],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154645,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154647,12838],{"class":72},[66,154649,77],{"class":76},[66,154651,8997],{"class":102},[66,154653,113],{"class":80},[66,154655,1392],{"class":84},[66,154657,113],{"class":80},[66,154659,121],{"class":102},[66,154661,81],{"class":80},[66,154663,17217],{"class":84},[66,154665,113],{"class":80},[66,154667,121],{"class":102},[66,154669,81],{"class":80},[66,154671,1401],{"class":84},[66,154673,113],{"class":80},[66,154675,131],{"class":102},[66,154677,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154679,17264],{"class":72},[66,154681,3652],{"class":102},[66,154683,2729],{"class":478},[66,154685,13034],{"class":102},[66,154687,13037],{"class":76},[66,154689,81],{"class":80},[66,154691,22288],{"class":84},[66,154693,88],{"class":80},[20,154695,154696],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154698,154699],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[52,154701,2568],{"id":2567},[20,154703,154704],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[33,154706,154707,154713,154716,154719],{},[36,154708,132453,154709,10854,154711],{},[15,154710,2729],{},[15,154712,1852],{},[36,154714,154715],{},"Using an index that is too large",[36,154717,154718],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[36,154720,154721,154722],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154723,154724],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154726,62059],{},[57,154728,154730],{"className":59,"code":154729,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154731,154732,154742,154756,154770,154786],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154733,154734,154736,154738,154740],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154735,138],{"class":137},[66,154737,110],{"class":102},[66,154739,147593],{"class":106},[66,154741,131],{"class":102},[66,154743,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154745,138],{"class":137},[66,154747,110],{"class":102},[66,154749,10924],{"class":137},[66,154751,110],{"class":102},[66,154753,147593],{"class":106},[66,154755,1330],{"class":102},[66,154757,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,154759,138],{"class":137},[66,154761,110],{"class":102},[66,154763,147593],{"class":106},[66,154765,3652],{"class":102},[66,154767,1852],{"class":478},[66,154769,3640],{"class":102},[66,154771,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,154773,138],{"class":137},[66,154775,110],{"class":102},[66,154777,147593],{"class":106},[66,154779,3652],{"class":102},[66,154781,1753],{"class":76},[66,154783,2729],{"class":478},[66,154785,3640],{"class":102},[66,154787,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,154789,138],{"class":137},[66,154791,110],{"class":102},[66,154793,2964],{"class":2641},[66,154795,110],{"class":102},[66,154797,147593],{"class":106},[66,154799,1330],{"class":102},[20,154801,154802],{},"These can help you confirm:",[33,154804,154805,154808,154810,154813],{},[36,154806,154807],{},"what the tuple contains",[36,154809,60549],{},[36,154811,154812],{},"what the first and last items are",[36,154814,154815],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[52,154817,1518],{"id":1517},[258,154819,154821],{"id":154820},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154823,154824,154825,103],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154826,1852],{},[258,154828,154830],{"id":154829},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154832,160,154833,154835],{},[15,154834,65618],{}," as the index:",[57,154837,154839],{"className":59,"code":154838,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154840,154841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154842,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154844,147593],{"class":72},[66,154846,3652],{"class":102},[66,154848,1753],{"class":76},[66,154850,2729],{"class":478},[66,154852,3383],{"class":102},[258,154854,154856],{"id":154855},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154858,154859],{},"Python raises:",[57,154861,154863],{"className":59,"code":154862,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154864,154865],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154866,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154868,70495],{"class":2641},[66,154870,1111],{"class":102},[66,154872,148941],{"class":2641},[66,154874,154291],{"class":72},[66,154876,70687],{"class":137},[258,154878,154880],{"id":154879},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154882,154883],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[52,154885,1620],{"id":1619},[33,154887,154888,154893,154897,154901,154907],{},[36,154889,154890],{},[200,154891,154892],{"href":147578},"How to create a tuple in Python",[36,154894,154895],{},[200,154896,150492],{"href":150491},[36,154898,154899],{},[200,154900,150497],{"href":148813},[36,154902,154903],{},[200,154904,25887,154905],{"href":154417},[15,154906,154420],{},[36,154908,154909],{},[200,154910,147575],{"href":147574},[1651,154912,154913],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":154915},[154916,154917,154918,154919,154920,154921,154922,154923,154924,154925,154931],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":153679,"depth":91,"text":153680},{"id":153805,"depth":91,"text":153806},{"id":153943,"depth":91,"text":153944},{"id":154070,"depth":91,"text":154071},{"id":154195,"depth":91,"text":154196},{"id":154423,"depth":91,"text":154424},{"id":154575,"depth":91,"text":154576},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":154926},[154927,154928,154929,154930],{"id":154820,"depth":134,"text":154821},{"id":154829,"depth":134,"text":154830},{"id":154855,"depth":134,"text":154856},{"id":154879,"depth":134,"text":154880},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153536,"description":154932},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154938,"title":154939,"body":154940,"description":156829,"extension":1694,"meta":156830,"navigation":338,"path":156831,"seo":156832,"stem":156833,"__hash__":156834},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154941,"toc":156786},[154942,154948,154953,155004,155008,155016,155022,155024,155040,155042,155045,155060,155062,155075,155077,155134,155138,155146,155153,155159,155165,155169,155220,155224,155232,155236,155265,155269,155277,155281,155314,155318,155326,155330,155333,155384,155388,155396,155398,155415,155419,155423,155482,155486,155494,155497,155524,155528,155536,155540,155546,155621,155625,155662,155670,155674,155737,155741,155749,155754,155758,155764,155807,155811,155819,155825,155828,155875,155879,155887,155896,155902,155957,155961,155969,155972,155976,155978,156009,156013,156032,156035,156080,156084,156107,156113,156118,156120,156167,156172,156175,156223,156227,156235,156239,156244,156248,156298,156302,156317,156321,156379,156383,156398,156402,156473,156477,156486,156490,156569,156573,156595,156603,156605,156608,156633,156635,156688,156690,156707,156709,156713,156719,156724,156729,156733,156738,156742,156747,156753,156756,156758,156783],[10,154943,154945,154946,3410],{"id":154944},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154947,10924],{},[20,154949,160,154950,154952],{},[15,154951,42127],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[57,154954,154956],{"className":59,"code":154955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154957,154958,154990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154959,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154961,12838],{"class":72},[66,154963,77],{"class":76},[66,154965,8997],{"class":102},[66,154967,113],{"class":80},[66,154969,1392],{"class":84},[66,154971,113],{"class":80},[66,154973,121],{"class":102},[66,154975,81],{"class":80},[66,154977,17217],{"class":84},[66,154979,113],{"class":80},[66,154981,121],{"class":102},[66,154983,81],{"class":80},[66,154985,1401],{"class":84},[66,154987,113],{"class":80},[66,154989,131],{"class":102},[66,154991,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,154993,138],{"class":137},[66,154995,110],{"class":102},[66,154997,10924],{"class":137},[66,154999,110],{"class":102},[66,155001,17264],{"class":106},[66,155003,1330],{"class":102},[20,155005,155006],{},[398,155007,148],{},[57,155009,155010],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155011,155012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155013,155014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155015,46384],{"class":478},[20,155017,160,155018,155021],{},[15,155019,155020],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[52,155023,14924],{"id":14923},[33,155025,155026,155031,155035,155038],{},[36,155027,3951,155028,155030],{},[15,155029,42127],{}," works with tuples",[36,155032,68022,155033,904],{},[15,155034,42127],{},[36,155036,155037],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[36,155039,1105],{},[52,155041,1891],{"id":1890},[20,155043,155044],{},"Use this pattern:",[57,155046,155048],{"className":59,"code":155047,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155049,155050],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155051,155052,155054,155056,155058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155053,10924],{"class":137},[66,155055,110],{"class":102},[66,155057,147593],{"class":106},[66,155059,131],{"class":102},[20,155061,11221],{},[33,155063,155064,155067,155070],{},[36,155065,155066],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[36,155068,155069],{},"The result is an integer",[36,155071,155072,155074],{},[15,155073,42127],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155076,923],{},[57,155078,155080],{"className":59,"code":155079,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155081,155082,155106,155120,155124],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155083,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155085,3365],{"class":72},[66,155087,77],{"class":76},[66,155089,8997],{"class":102},[66,155091,2064],{"class":478},[66,155093,121],{"class":102},[66,155095,7546],{"class":478},[66,155097,121],{"class":102},[66,155099,7551],{"class":478},[66,155101,121],{"class":102},[66,155103,50611],{"class":478},[66,155105,131],{"class":102},[66,155107,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155109,41009],{"class":72},[66,155111,77],{"class":76},[66,155113,38152],{"class":137},[66,155115,110],{"class":102},[66,155117,3397],{"class":106},[66,155119,131],{"class":102},[66,155121,155122],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,155123,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,155125,155126,155128,155130,155132],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,155127,138],{"class":137},[66,155129,110],{"class":102},[66,155131,195],{"class":106},[66,155133,131],{"class":102},[20,155135,155136],{},[398,155137,148],{},[57,155139,155140],{"className":59,"code":48418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155141,155142],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155143,155144],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155145,48418],{"class":478},[20,155147,155148,155149,103],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[200,155150,3321,155151,3254],{"href":42124},[15,155152,42127],{},[52,155154,168,155156,155158],{"id":155155},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155157,42127],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155160,155161,155162,155164],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155163,42127],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[258,155166,155168],{"id":155167},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[57,155170,155172],{"className":59,"code":155171,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155173,155174,155206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155175,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202,155204],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155177,36006],{"class":72},[66,155179,77],{"class":76},[66,155181,8997],{"class":102},[66,155183,113],{"class":80},[66,155185,3832],{"class":84},[66,155187,113],{"class":80},[66,155189,121],{"class":102},[66,155191,81],{"class":80},[66,155193,627],{"class":84},[66,155195,113],{"class":80},[66,155197,121],{"class":102},[66,155199,81],{"class":80},[66,155201,32989],{"class":84},[66,155203,113],{"class":80},[66,155205,131],{"class":102},[66,155207,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155209,138],{"class":137},[66,155211,110],{"class":102},[66,155213,10924],{"class":137},[66,155215,110],{"class":102},[66,155217,36058],{"class":106},[66,155219,1330],{"class":102},[20,155221,155222],{},[398,155223,148],{},[57,155225,155226],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155227,155228],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155229,155230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155231,46384],{"class":478},[258,155233,155235],{"id":155234},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[57,155237,155239],{"className":59,"code":155238,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155240,155241,155250],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155242,155243,155246,155248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155244,155245],{"class":72},"empty_tuple ",[66,155247,77],{"class":76},[66,155249,148917],{"class":102},[66,155251,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155263],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155253,138],{"class":137},[66,155255,110],{"class":102},[66,155257,10924],{"class":137},[66,155259,110],{"class":102},[66,155261,155262],{"class":106},"empty_tuple",[66,155264,1330],{"class":102},[20,155266,155267],{},[398,155268,148],{},[57,155270,155271],{"className":59,"code":47019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155272,155273],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155274,155275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155276,47019],{"class":478},[258,155278,155280],{"id":155279},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[57,155282,155284],{"className":59,"code":155283,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155285,155286,155299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155287,155288,155291,155293,155295,155297],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155289,155290],{"class":72},"single_value ",[66,155292,77],{"class":76},[66,155294,8997],{"class":102},[66,155296,1869],{"class":478},[66,155298,148931],{"class":102},[66,155300,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155312],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155302,138],{"class":137},[66,155304,110],{"class":102},[66,155306,10924],{"class":137},[66,155308,110],{"class":102},[66,155310,155311],{"class":106},"single_value",[66,155313,1330],{"class":102},[20,155315,155316],{},[398,155317,148],{},[57,155319,155320],{"className":59,"code":46684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155321,155322],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155323,155324],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155325,46684],{"class":478},[258,155327,155329],{"id":155328},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155331,155332],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[57,155334,155336],{"className":59,"code":155335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155337,155338,155370],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155339,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155341,8926],{"class":72},[66,155343,77],{"class":76},[66,155345,8997],{"class":102},[66,155347,2729],{"class":478},[66,155349,121],{"class":102},[66,155351,8997],{"class":102},[66,155353,1788],{"class":478},[66,155355,121],{"class":102},[66,155357,2186],{"class":478},[66,155359,8994],{"class":102},[66,155361,3370],{"class":102},[66,155363,2241],{"class":478},[66,155365,121],{"class":102},[66,155367,4357],{"class":478},[66,155369,3640],{"class":102},[66,155371,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155373,138],{"class":137},[66,155375,110],{"class":102},[66,155377,10924],{"class":137},[66,155379,110],{"class":102},[66,155381,8965],{"class":106},[66,155383,1330],{"class":102},[20,155385,155386],{},[398,155387,148],{},[57,155389,155390],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155391,155392],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155393,155394],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155395,46384],{"class":478},[20,155397,19720],{},[33,155399,155400,155405,155410],{},[36,155401,155402,155404],{},[15,155403,2729],{}," is one item",[36,155406,155407,155404],{},[15,155408,155409],{},"(2, 3)",[36,155411,155412,155404],{},[15,155413,155414],{},"[4, 5]",[52,155416,155418],{"id":155417},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[258,155420,155422],{"id":155421},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[57,155424,155426],{"className":59,"code":155425,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155427,155428,155468],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155429,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155431,12838],{"class":72},[66,155433,77],{"class":76},[66,155435,8997],{"class":102},[66,155437,113],{"class":80},[66,155439,1392],{"class":84},[66,155441,113],{"class":80},[66,155443,121],{"class":102},[66,155445,81],{"class":80},[66,155447,17217],{"class":84},[66,155449,113],{"class":80},[66,155451,121],{"class":102},[66,155453,81],{"class":80},[66,155455,1401],{"class":84},[66,155457,113],{"class":80},[66,155459,121],{"class":102},[66,155461,81],{"class":80},[66,155463,22288],{"class":84},[66,155465,113],{"class":80},[66,155467,131],{"class":102},[66,155469,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155471,138],{"class":137},[66,155473,110],{"class":102},[66,155475,10924],{"class":137},[66,155477,110],{"class":102},[66,155479,17264],{"class":106},[66,155481,1330],{"class":102},[20,155483,155484],{},[398,155485,148],{},[57,155487,155488],{"className":59,"code":48418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155489,155490],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155491,155492],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155493,48418],{"class":478},[258,155495,155235],{"id":155496},"empty-tuple-1",[57,155498,155500],{"className":59,"code":155499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155501,155502,155510],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155503,155504,155506,155508],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155505,7535],{"class":72},[66,155507,77],{"class":76},[66,155509,148917],{"class":102},[66,155511,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155513,138],{"class":137},[66,155515,110],{"class":102},[66,155517,10924],{"class":137},[66,155519,110],{"class":102},[66,155521,7566],{"class":106},[66,155523,1330],{"class":102},[20,155525,155526],{},[398,155527,148],{},[57,155529,155530],{"className":59,"code":47019,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155531,155532],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155533,155534],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155535,47019],{"class":478},[258,155537,155539],{"id":155538},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155541,155542,155543,155545],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[398,155544,4383],{}," always a tuple.",[57,155547,155549],{"className":59,"code":155548,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155550,155551,155563,155575,155579,155593,155607],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155552,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155554,2291],{"class":72},[66,155556,77],{"class":76},[66,155558,8997],{"class":102},[66,155560,1869],{"class":478},[66,155562,131],{"class":102},[66,155564,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155566,2319],{"class":72},[66,155568,77],{"class":76},[66,155570,8997],{"class":102},[66,155572,1869],{"class":478},[66,155574,148931],{"class":102},[66,155576,155577],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,155578,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,155580,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,155582,138],{"class":137},[66,155584,110],{"class":102},[66,155586,2964],{"class":2641},[66,155588,110],{"class":102},[66,155590,200],{"class":106},[66,155592,1330],{"class":102},[66,155594,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,155596,138],{"class":137},[66,155598,110],{"class":102},[66,155600,2964],{"class":2641},[66,155602,110],{"class":102},[66,155604,4514],{"class":106},[66,155606,1330],{"class":102},[66,155608,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,155610,138],{"class":137},[66,155612,110],{"class":102},[66,155614,10924],{"class":137},[66,155616,110],{"class":102},[66,155618,4514],{"class":106},[66,155620,1330],{"class":102},[20,155622,155623],{},[398,155624,148],{},[57,155626,155628],{"className":59,"code":155627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155629,155630,155644,155658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155631,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155633,3033],{"class":76},[66,155635,3036],{"class":1797},[66,155637,3039],{"class":80},[66,155639,1922],{"class":84},[66,155641,3044],{"class":80},[66,155643,3047],{"class":76},[66,155645,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155647,3033],{"class":76},[66,155649,3036],{"class":1797},[66,155651,3039],{"class":80},[66,155653,48721],{"class":84},[66,155655,3044],{"class":80},[66,155657,3047],{"class":76},[66,155659,155660],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,155661,46684],{"class":478},[20,155663,155664,155665,798,155668,103],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[200,155666,155667],{"href":147578},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[200,155669,148879],{"href":148878},[258,155671,155673],{"id":155672},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[57,155675,155677],{"className":59,"code":155676,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155678,155679,155723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155680,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155682,59241],{"class":72},[66,155684,77],{"class":76},[66,155686,8997],{"class":102},[66,155688,113],{"class":80},[66,155690,3832],{"class":84},[66,155692,113],{"class":80},[66,155694,121],{"class":102},[66,155696,3370],{"class":102},[66,155698,2729],{"class":478},[66,155700,121],{"class":102},[66,155702,561],{"class":478},[66,155704,17824],{"class":102},[66,155706,8997],{"class":102},[66,155708,113],{"class":80},[66,155710,960],{"class":84},[66,155712,113],{"class":80},[66,155714,121],{"class":102},[66,155716,81],{"class":80},[66,155718,969],{"class":84},[66,155720,113],{"class":80},[66,155722,1330],{"class":102},[66,155724,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155726,138],{"class":137},[66,155728,110],{"class":102},[66,155730,10924],{"class":137},[66,155732,110],{"class":102},[66,155734,59294],{"class":106},[66,155736,1330],{"class":102},[20,155738,155739],{},[398,155740,148],{},[57,155742,155743],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155744,155745],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155746,155747],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155748,46384],{"class":478},[20,155750,155751,155753],{},[15,155752,42127],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[52,155755,155757],{"id":155756},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[258,155759,155761,155763],{"id":155760},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155762,42127],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[57,155765,155767],{"className":59,"code":155766,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155768,155769,155793],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155770,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155772,3823],{"class":72},[66,155774,77],{"class":76},[66,155776,8997],{"class":102},[66,155778,113],{"class":80},[66,155780,63360],{"class":84},[66,155782,113],{"class":80},[66,155784,121],{"class":102},[66,155786,81],{"class":80},[66,155788,61],{"class":84},[66,155790,113],{"class":80},[66,155792,131],{"class":102},[66,155794,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155796,138],{"class":137},[66,155798,110],{"class":102},[66,155800,10924],{"class":137},[66,155802,110],{"class":102},[66,155804,3866],{"class":106},[66,155806,1330],{"class":102},[20,155808,155809],{},[398,155810,148],{},[57,155812,155813],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155814,155815],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155816,155817],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155818,16819],{"class":478},[20,155820,155821,155822,155824],{},"This result is ",[15,155823,1788],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155826,155827],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[57,155829,155831],{"className":59,"code":155830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155832,155833,155857],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155834,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155836,3823],{"class":72},[66,155838,77],{"class":76},[66,155840,8997],{"class":102},[66,155842,113],{"class":80},[66,155844,63360],{"class":84},[66,155846,113],{"class":80},[66,155848,121],{"class":102},[66,155850,81],{"class":80},[66,155852,61],{"class":84},[66,155854,113],{"class":80},[66,155856,131],{"class":102},[66,155858,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155860,138],{"class":137},[66,155862,110],{"class":102},[66,155864,10924],{"class":137},[66,155866,110],{"class":102},[66,155868,3866],{"class":106},[66,155870,3652],{"class":102},[66,155872,1852],{"class":478},[66,155874,2740],{"class":102},[20,155876,155877],{},[398,155878,148],{},[57,155880,155881],{"className":59,"code":16819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155882,155883],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155884,155885],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155886,16819],{"class":478},[20,155888,20534,155889,155892,155893,103],{},[15,155890,155891],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155894,155895],{},"\"hi\"",[258,155897,155899,155901],{"id":155898},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155900,42127],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[57,155903,155905],{"className":59,"code":155904,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155906,155907,155943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155908,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155910,3573],{"class":72},[66,155912,77],{"class":76},[66,155914,9757],{"class":102},[66,155916,2729],{"class":478},[66,155918,121],{"class":102},[66,155920,561],{"class":478},[66,155922,8994],{"class":102},[66,155924,8997],{"class":102},[66,155926,1794],{"class":478},[66,155928,121],{"class":102},[66,155930,2192],{"class":478},[66,155932,8994],{"class":102},[66,155934,8997],{"class":102},[66,155936,1869],{"class":478},[66,155938,121],{"class":102},[66,155940,37409],{"class":478},[66,155942,1330],{"class":102},[66,155944,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155946,138],{"class":137},[66,155948,110],{"class":102},[66,155950,10924],{"class":137},[66,155952,110],{"class":102},[66,155954,5114],{"class":106},[66,155956,1330],{"class":102},[20,155958,155959],{},[398,155960,148],{},[57,155962,155963],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155964,155965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155966,155967],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155968,46384],{"class":478},[20,155970,155971],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[258,155973,155975],{"id":155974},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155977,25456],{},[57,155979,155981],{"className":59,"code":155980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155982,155983,155995],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155984,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155986,2181],{"class":72},[66,155988,77],{"class":76},[66,155990,8997],{"class":102},[66,155992,2064],{"class":478},[66,155994,131],{"class":102},[66,155996,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,155998,138],{"class":137},[66,156000,110],{"class":102},[66,156002,2964],{"class":2641},[66,156004,110],{"class":102},[66,156006,2208],{"class":106},[66,156008,1330],{"class":102},[20,156010,156011],{},[398,156012,148],{},[57,156014,156016],{"className":59,"code":156015,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156017,156018],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156019,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156021,3033],{"class":76},[66,156023,3036],{"class":1797},[66,156025,3039],{"class":80},[66,156027,1922],{"class":84},[66,156029,3044],{"class":80},[66,156031,3047],{"class":76},[20,156033,156034],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[57,156036,156038],{"className":59,"code":156037,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156039,156040,156052,156066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156041,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156043,2181],{"class":72},[66,156045,77],{"class":76},[66,156047,8997],{"class":102},[66,156049,2064],{"class":478},[66,156051,148931],{"class":102},[66,156053,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156055,138],{"class":137},[66,156057,110],{"class":102},[66,156059,2964],{"class":2641},[66,156061,110],{"class":102},[66,156063,2208],{"class":106},[66,156065,1330],{"class":102},[66,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156069,138],{"class":137},[66,156071,110],{"class":102},[66,156073,10924],{"class":137},[66,156075,110],{"class":102},[66,156077,2208],{"class":106},[66,156079,1330],{"class":102},[20,156081,156082],{},[398,156083,148],{},[57,156085,156087],{"className":59,"code":156086,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156088,156089,156103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156090,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156092,3033],{"class":76},[66,156094,3036],{"class":1797},[66,156096,3039],{"class":80},[66,156098,48721],{"class":84},[66,156100,3044],{"class":80},[66,156102,3047],{"class":76},[66,156104,156105],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156106,46684],{"class":478},[258,156108,156110,156112],{"id":156109},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156111,10924],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156114,44195,156115,156117],{},[15,156116,10924],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156119,44226],{},[57,156121,156123],{"className":59,"code":156122,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156124,156125,156133,156153],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156126,156127,156129,156131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156128,10924],{"class":137},[66,156130,13037],{"class":76},[66,156132,2324],{"class":478},[66,156134,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156136,3365],{"class":72},[66,156138,77],{"class":76},[66,156140,8997],{"class":102},[66,156142,2729],{"class":478},[66,156144,121],{"class":102},[66,156146,561],{"class":478},[66,156148,121],{"class":102},[66,156150,2186],{"class":478},[66,156152,131],{"class":102},[66,156154,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156156,138],{"class":137},[66,156158,110],{"class":102},[66,156160,10924],{"class":137},[66,156162,110],{"class":102},[66,156164,3397],{"class":106},[66,156166,1330],{"class":102},[20,156168,39420,156169,156171],{},[15,156170,10924],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156173,156174],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[57,156176,156178],{"className":59,"code":156177,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156179,156180,156189,156209],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156181,156182,156185,156187],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156183,156184],{"class":72},"length_value ",[66,156186,77],{"class":76},[66,156188,2324],{"class":478},[66,156190,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156192,3365],{"class":72},[66,156194,77],{"class":76},[66,156196,8997],{"class":102},[66,156198,2729],{"class":478},[66,156200,121],{"class":102},[66,156202,561],{"class":478},[66,156204,121],{"class":102},[66,156206,2186],{"class":478},[66,156208,131],{"class":102},[66,156210,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156212,138],{"class":137},[66,156214,110],{"class":102},[66,156216,10924],{"class":137},[66,156218,110],{"class":102},[66,156220,3397],{"class":106},[66,156222,1330],{"class":102},[20,156224,156225],{},[398,156226,148],{},[57,156228,156229],{"className":59,"code":46384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156230,156231],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156232,156233],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156234,46384],{"class":478},[52,156236,156238],{"id":156237},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156240,156241,156243],{},[15,156242,42127],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[258,156245,156247],{"id":156246},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[57,156249,156251],{"className":59,"code":156250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156252,156253,156261,156265,156283],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156254,156255,156257,156259],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156256,7535],{"class":72},[66,156258,77],{"class":76},[66,156260,148917],{"class":102},[66,156262,156263],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156264,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,156266,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156268,6752],{"class":3627},[66,156270,38152],{"class":137},[66,156272,110],{"class":102},[66,156274,7566],{"class":106},[66,156276,3410],{"class":102},[66,156278,6161],{"class":76},[66,156280,3584],{"class":478},[66,156282,6146],{"class":102},[66,156284,156285,156287,156289,156291,156294,156296],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,156286,7826],{"class":137},[66,156288,110],{"class":102},[66,156290,113],{"class":80},[66,156292,156293],{"class":84},"The tuple is empty",[66,156295,113],{"class":80},[66,156297,131],{"class":102},[20,156299,156300],{},[398,156301,148],{},[57,156303,156305],{"className":59,"code":156304,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156306,156307],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156308,156309,156311,156313,156315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156310,1711],{"class":72},[66,156312,48721],{"class":2641},[66,156314,7854],{"class":76},[66,156316,7860],{"class":72},[258,156318,156320],{"id":156319},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[57,156322,156324],{"className":59,"code":156323,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156325,156326,156342,156346,156364],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156327,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156329,51152],{"class":72},[66,156331,77],{"class":76},[66,156333,8997],{"class":102},[66,156335,2241],{"class":478},[66,156337,121],{"class":102},[66,156339,5746],{"class":478},[66,156341,131],{"class":102},[66,156343,156344],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156345,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,156347,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156349,6752],{"class":3627},[66,156351,38152],{"class":137},[66,156353,110],{"class":102},[66,156355,51177],{"class":106},[66,156357,3410],{"class":102},[66,156359,6161],{"class":76},[66,156361,561],{"class":478},[66,156363,6146],{"class":102},[66,156365,156366,156368,156370,156372,156375,156377],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,156367,7826],{"class":137},[66,156369,110],{"class":102},[66,156371,113],{"class":80},[66,156373,156374],{"class":84},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[66,156376,113],{"class":80},[66,156378,131],{"class":102},[20,156380,156381],{},[398,156382,148],{},[57,156384,156386],{"className":59,"code":156385,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156387,156388],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156389,156390,156393,156395],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156391,156392],{"class":72},"This looks like an x",[66,156394,121],{"class":102},[66,156396,156397],{"class":72}," y coordinate\n",[258,156399,156401],{"id":156400},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[57,156403,156405],{"className":59,"code":156404,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156406,156407,156436,156440,156458],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156408,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429,156432,156434],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156410,11251],{"class":72},[66,156412,77],{"class":76},[66,156414,8997],{"class":102},[66,156416,113],{"class":80},[66,156418,12643],{"class":84},[66,156420,113],{"class":80},[66,156422,121],{"class":102},[66,156424,9067],{"class":478},[66,156426,121],{"class":102},[66,156428,81],{"class":80},[66,156430,156431],{"class":84},"Canada",[66,156433,113],{"class":80},[66,156435,131],{"class":102},[66,156437,156438],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156439,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,156441,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156443,6752],{"class":3627},[66,156445,38152],{"class":137},[66,156447,110],{"class":102},[66,156449,11345],{"class":106},[66,156451,3410],{"class":102},[66,156453,6161],{"class":76},[66,156455,2186],{"class":478},[66,156457,6146],{"class":102},[66,156459,156460,156462,156464,156466,156469,156471],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,156461,7826],{"class":137},[66,156463,110],{"class":102},[66,156465,113],{"class":80},[66,156467,156468],{"class":84},"User record has the expected number of values",[66,156470,113],{"class":80},[66,156472,131],{"class":102},[20,156474,156475],{},[398,156476,148],{},[57,156478,156480],{"className":59,"code":156479,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156481,156482],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156483,156484],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156485,156479],{"class":72},[258,156487,156489],{"id":156488},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[57,156491,156493],{"className":59,"code":156492,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156494,156495,156527,156531,156551],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156496,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156498,35857],{"class":72},[66,156500,77],{"class":76},[66,156502,8997],{"class":102},[66,156504,113],{"class":80},[66,156506,200],{"class":84},[66,156508,113],{"class":80},[66,156510,121],{"class":102},[66,156512,81],{"class":80},[66,156514,4514],{"class":84},[66,156516,113],{"class":80},[66,156518,121],{"class":102},[66,156520,81],{"class":80},[66,156522,9501],{"class":84},[66,156524,113],{"class":80},[66,156526,131],{"class":102},[66,156528,156529],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156530,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,156532,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156534,5710],{"class":3627},[66,156536,69312],{"class":72},[66,156538,3634],{"class":3627},[66,156540,53838],{"class":137},[66,156542,110],{"class":102},[66,156544,10924],{"class":137},[66,156546,110],{"class":102},[66,156548,35910],{"class":106},[66,156550,69327],{"class":102},[66,156552,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,156554,7826],{"class":137},[66,156556,110],{"class":102},[66,156558,35921],{"class":106},[66,156560,121],{"class":102},[66,156562,69860],{"class":106},[66,156564,3652],{"class":102},[66,156566,35921],{"class":106},[66,156568,3640],{"class":102},[20,156570,156571],{},[398,156572,148],{},[57,156574,156575],{"className":59,"code":35933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156576,156577,156583,156589],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156578,156579,156581],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156580,1852],{"class":478},[66,156582,35942],{"class":72},[66,156584,156585,156587],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156586,2729],{"class":478},[66,156588,35949],{"class":72},[66,156590,156591,156593],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156592,1788],{"class":478},[66,156594,35956],{"class":72},[20,156596,156597,156598,156600,156601,103],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[200,156599,149248],{"href":149247},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[200,156602,150492],{"href":150491},[52,156604,2568],{"id":2567},[20,156606,156607],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[33,156609,156610,156618,156625,156630],{},[36,156611,156612,156613,10854,156616],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156614,156615],{},"(5)",[15,156617,149082],{},[36,156619,8176,156620,156622,156623],{},[15,156621,10924],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156624,42127],{},[36,156626,1119,156627,156629],{},[15,156628,42127],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[36,156631,156632],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156634,31850],{},[57,156636,156638],{"className":59,"code":156637,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156639,156640,156650,156664,156678],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156641,156642,156644,156646,156648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156643,138],{"class":137},[66,156645,110],{"class":102},[66,156647,147593],{"class":106},[66,156649,131],{"class":102},[66,156651,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156653,138],{"class":137},[66,156655,110],{"class":102},[66,156657,2964],{"class":2641},[66,156659,110],{"class":102},[66,156661,147593],{"class":106},[66,156663,1330],{"class":102},[66,156665,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156667,138],{"class":137},[66,156669,110],{"class":102},[66,156671,10924],{"class":137},[66,156673,110],{"class":102},[66,156675,147593],{"class":106},[66,156677,1330],{"class":102},[66,156679,156680,156682,156684,156686],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,156681,31920],{"class":137},[66,156683,110],{"class":102},[66,156685,10924],{"class":137},[66,156687,131],{"class":102},[20,156689,154802],{},[33,156691,156692,156695,156698,156702],{},[36,156693,156694],{},"what value you are using",[36,156696,156697],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[36,156699,38,156700,904],{},[15,156701,42127],{},[36,156703,123137,156704,156706],{},[15,156705,42127],{}," is documented in Python",[52,156708,1518],{"id":1517},[258,156710,156712],{"id":156711},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156714,160,156715,156718],{},[15,156716,156717],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[258,156720,1522,156722,148752],{"id":156721},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156723,42127],{},[20,156725,46132,156726,156728],{},[15,156727,42127],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[258,156730,156732],{"id":156731},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156734,156735,156736,103],{},"The length is ",[15,156737,1852],{},[258,156739,156741],{"id":156740},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156743,150438,156744,156746],{},[15,156745,150441],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[258,156748,1522,156750,156752],{"id":156749},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156751,42127],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156754,156755],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[52,156757,1620],{"id":1619},[33,156759,156760,156766,156770,156774,156778],{},[36,156761,156762],{},[200,156763,3321,156764,3254],{"href":42124},[15,156765,42127],{},[36,156767,156768],{},[200,156769,155667],{"href":147578},[36,156771,156772],{},[200,156773,149248],{"href":149247},[36,156775,156776],{},[200,156777,150492],{"href":150491},[36,156779,156780],{},[200,156781,156782],{"href":148878},"What is a tuple in Python",[1651,156784,156785],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":156787},[156788,156789,156790,156797,156803,156812,156818,156819,156828],{"id":14923,"depth":91,"text":14924},{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":155155,"depth":91,"text":156791,"children":156792},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156793,156794,156795,156796],{"id":155167,"depth":134,"text":155168},{"id":155234,"depth":134,"text":155235},{"id":155279,"depth":134,"text":155280},{"id":155328,"depth":134,"text":155329},{"id":155417,"depth":91,"text":155418,"children":156798},[156799,156800,156801,156802],{"id":155421,"depth":134,"text":155422},{"id":155496,"depth":134,"text":155235},{"id":155538,"depth":134,"text":155539},{"id":155672,"depth":134,"text":155673},{"id":155756,"depth":91,"text":155757,"children":156804},[156805,156807,156809,156810],{"id":155760,"depth":134,"text":156806},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155898,"depth":134,"text":156808},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155974,"depth":134,"text":155975},{"id":156109,"depth":134,"text":156811},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156237,"depth":91,"text":156238,"children":156813},[156814,156815,156816,156817],{"id":156246,"depth":134,"text":156247},{"id":156319,"depth":134,"text":156320},{"id":156400,"depth":134,"text":156401},{"id":156488,"depth":134,"text":156489},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":156820},[156821,156822,156824,156825,156826],{"id":156711,"depth":134,"text":156712},{"id":156721,"depth":134,"text":156823},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156731,"depth":134,"text":156732},{"id":156740,"depth":134,"text":156741},{"id":156749,"depth":134,"text":156827},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154939,"description":156829},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156836,"title":156837,"body":156838,"description":159223,"extension":1694,"meta":159224,"navigation":338,"path":159225,"seo":159226,"stem":159227,"__hash__":159228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156839,"toc":159184},[156840,156843,156846,156849,156872,156878,156880,156991,156995,156998,157008,157010,157109,157111,157188,157194,157198,157201,157224,157227,157244,157247,157249,157312,157314,157331,157342,157347,157349,157352,157358,157409,157411,157431,157435,157486,157488,157509,157513,157568,157570,157591,157595,157650,157652,157673,157677,157730,157732,157761,157763,157765,157768,157772,157829,157831,157852,157856,157909,157911,157936,157941,157945,157950,157968,157971,158034,158036,158057,158060,158121,158123,158144,158147,158190,158193,158197,158202,158206,158285,158287,158318,158322,158397,158399,158426,158430,158477,158479,158487,158492,158496,158499,158514,158516,158604,158606,158631,158634,158677,158686,158688,158691,158706,158709,158713,158767,158769,158789,158794,158798,158800,158838,158841,158891,158895,158968,158970,159007,159010,159012,159015,159035,159038,159107,159109,159122,159124,159128,159131,159135,159138,159143,159146,159152,159157,159159,159181],[10,156841,156837],{"id":156842},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156844,156845],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156847,156848],{},"Use this format:",[57,156850,156852],{"className":59,"code":156851,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156853,156854],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156855,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156857,48721],{"class":72},[66,156859,3652],{"class":102},[66,156861,35839],{"class":72},[66,156863,1111],{"class":102},[66,156865,75190],{"class":72},[66,156867,1111],{"class":102},[66,156869,75193],{"class":72},[66,156871,3383],{"class":102},[20,156873,1711,156874,75226,156876,103],{},[15,156875,75190],{},[398,156877,64833],{},[52,156879,55],{"id":54},[57,156881,156883],{"className":59,"code":156882,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156884,156885,156913,156917,156938,156955,156972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156886,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156888,3365],{"class":72},[66,156890,77],{"class":76},[66,156892,8997],{"class":102},[66,156894,2064],{"class":478},[66,156896,121],{"class":102},[66,156898,7546],{"class":478},[66,156900,121],{"class":102},[66,156902,7551],{"class":478},[66,156904,121],{"class":102},[66,156906,50611],{"class":478},[66,156908,121],{"class":102},[66,156910,4835],{"class":478},[66,156912,131],{"class":102},[66,156914,156915],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,156916,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,156918,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,156920,138],{"class":137},[66,156922,110],{"class":102},[66,156924,3397],{"class":106},[66,156926,3652],{"class":102},[66,156928,2729],{"class":478},[66,156930,1111],{"class":102},[66,156932,2241],{"class":478},[66,156934,20209],{"class":102},[66,156936,156937],{"class":3413},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[66,156939,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,156941,138],{"class":137},[66,156943,110],{"class":102},[66,156945,3397],{"class":106},[66,156947,75299],{"class":102},[66,156949,1794],{"class":478},[66,156951,20209],{"class":102},[66,156953,156954],{"class":3413},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[66,156956,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,156958,138],{"class":137},[66,156960,110],{"class":102},[66,156962,3397],{"class":106},[66,156964,73886],{"class":102},[66,156966,1788],{"class":478},[66,156968,20209],{"class":102},[66,156970,156971],{"class":3413},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[66,156973,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,156975,138],{"class":137},[66,156977,110],{"class":102},[66,156979,3397],{"class":106},[66,156981,73886],{"class":102},[66,156983,1753],{"class":76},[66,156985,2729],{"class":478},[66,156987,20209],{"class":102},[66,156989,156990],{"class":3413},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[52,156992,156994],{"id":156993},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156996,156997],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[33,156999,157000,157002,157005],{},[36,157001,75493],{},[36,157003,157004],{},"The result is a new tuple",[36,157006,157007],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157009,923],{},[57,157011,157013],{"className":59,"code":157012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157014,157015,157063,157067,157085,157089,157099],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157016,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157018,35857],{"class":72},[66,157020,77],{"class":76},[66,157022,8997],{"class":102},[66,157024,113],{"class":80},[66,157026,200],{"class":84},[66,157028,113],{"class":80},[66,157030,121],{"class":102},[66,157032,81],{"class":80},[66,157034,4514],{"class":84},[66,157036,113],{"class":80},[66,157038,121],{"class":102},[66,157040,81],{"class":80},[66,157042,9501],{"class":84},[66,157044,113],{"class":80},[66,157046,121],{"class":102},[66,157048,81],{"class":80},[66,157050,18530],{"class":84},[66,157052,113],{"class":80},[66,157054,121],{"class":102},[66,157056,81],{"class":80},[66,157058,60215],{"class":84},[66,157060,113],{"class":80},[66,157062,131],{"class":102},[66,157064,157065],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157066,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157068,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157070,75423],{"class":72},[66,157072,77],{"class":76},[66,157074,69860],{"class":72},[66,157076,3652],{"class":102},[66,157078,2729],{"class":478},[66,157080,1111],{"class":102},[66,157082,2241],{"class":478},[66,157084,3383],{"class":102},[66,157086,157087],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,157088,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157090,157091,157093,157095,157097],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,157092,138],{"class":137},[66,157094,110],{"class":102},[66,157096,75446],{"class":106},[66,157098,131],{"class":102},[66,157100,157101,157103,157105,157107],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,157102,138],{"class":137},[66,157104,110],{"class":102},[66,157106,35910],{"class":106},[66,157108,131],{"class":102},[20,157110,148],{},[57,157112,157114],{"className":59,"code":157113,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157115,157116,157144],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157117,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157119,110],{"class":102},[66,157121,3044],{"class":80},[66,157123,4514],{"class":84},[66,157125,3044],{"class":80},[66,157127,121],{"class":102},[66,157129,3039],{"class":80},[66,157131,9501],{"class":84},[66,157133,3044],{"class":80},[66,157135,121],{"class":102},[66,157137,3039],{"class":80},[66,157139,18530],{"class":84},[66,157141,3044],{"class":80},[66,157143,131],{"class":102},[66,157145,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157147,110],{"class":102},[66,157149,3044],{"class":80},[66,157151,200],{"class":84},[66,157153,3044],{"class":80},[66,157155,121],{"class":102},[66,157157,3039],{"class":80},[66,157159,4514],{"class":84},[66,157161,3044],{"class":80},[66,157163,121],{"class":102},[66,157165,3039],{"class":80},[66,157167,9501],{"class":84},[66,157169,3044],{"class":80},[66,157171,121],{"class":102},[66,157173,3039],{"class":80},[66,157175,18530],{"class":84},[66,157177,3044],{"class":80},[66,157179,121],{"class":102},[66,157181,3039],{"class":80},[66,157183,60215],{"class":84},[66,157185,3044],{"class":80},[66,157187,131],{"class":102},[20,157189,157190,157191,103],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[200,157192,147575],{"href":157193},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[52,157195,157197],{"id":157196},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157199,157200],{},"The full syntax is:",[57,157202,157204],{"className":59,"code":157203,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157205,157206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157207,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157209,147593],{"class":72},[66,157211,3652],{"class":102},[66,157213,35839],{"class":72},[66,157215,1111],{"class":102},[66,157217,75190],{"class":72},[66,157219,1111],{"class":102},[66,157221,75193],{"class":72},[66,157223,3383],{"class":102},[20,157225,157226],{},"Each part has a job:",[33,157228,157229,157234,157239],{},[36,157230,157231,157233],{},[15,157232,35839],{},": where slicing begins",[36,157235,157236,157238],{},[15,157237,75190],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[36,157240,157241,157243],{},[15,157242,75193],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157245,157246],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157248,923],{},[57,157250,157252],{"className":59,"code":157251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157253,157254,157286,157290],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157255,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157257,3365],{"class":72},[66,157259,77],{"class":76},[66,157261,8997],{"class":102},[66,157263,2064],{"class":478},[66,157265,121],{"class":102},[66,157267,7546],{"class":478},[66,157269,121],{"class":102},[66,157271,7551],{"class":478},[66,157273,121],{"class":102},[66,157275,50611],{"class":478},[66,157277,121],{"class":102},[66,157279,4835],{"class":478},[66,157281,121],{"class":102},[66,157283,75864],{"class":478},[66,157285,131],{"class":102},[66,157287,157288],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157289,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157291,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157293,138],{"class":137},[66,157295,110],{"class":102},[66,157297,3397],{"class":106},[66,157299,3652],{"class":102},[66,157301,2729],{"class":478},[66,157303,1111],{"class":102},[66,157305,1869],{"class":478},[66,157307,1111],{"class":102},[66,157309,1788],{"class":478},[66,157311,3640],{"class":102},[20,157313,148],{},[57,157315,157317],{"className":59,"code":157316,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157318,157319],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157320,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157322,110],{"class":102},[66,157324,15516],{"class":478},[66,157326,121],{"class":102},[66,157328,50611],{"class":478},[66,157330,131],{"class":102},[20,157332,157333,157334,157336,157337,157339,157340,103],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157335,2729],{},", stops before index ",[15,157338,1869],{},", and moves by ",[15,157341,1788],{},[20,157343,157344,157345,103],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[200,157346,149248],{"href":152674},[52,157348,75780],{"id":75779},[20,157350,157351],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[258,157353,157355,157356,5718],{"id":157354},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157357,75794],{},[57,157359,157361],{"className":59,"code":157360,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157362,157363,157391,157395],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157364,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157366,3365],{"class":72},[66,157368,77],{"class":76},[66,157370,8997],{"class":102},[66,157372,2064],{"class":478},[66,157374,121],{"class":102},[66,157376,7546],{"class":478},[66,157378,121],{"class":102},[66,157380,7551],{"class":478},[66,157382,121],{"class":102},[66,157384,50611],{"class":478},[66,157386,121],{"class":102},[66,157388,4835],{"class":478},[66,157390,131],{"class":102},[66,157392,157393],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157394,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157396,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157398,138],{"class":137},[66,157400,110],{"class":102},[66,157402,3397],{"class":106},[66,157404,75299],{"class":102},[66,157406,1794],{"class":478},[66,157408,3640],{"class":102},[20,157410,148],{},[57,157412,157413],{"className":59,"code":150940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,157414,157415],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157416,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157418,110],{"class":102},[66,157420,2064],{"class":478},[66,157422,121],{"class":102},[66,157424,7546],{"class":478},[66,157426,121],{"class":102},[66,157428,7551],{"class":478},[66,157430,131],{"class":102},[258,157432,157434],{"id":157433},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[57,157436,157438],{"className":59,"code":157437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157439,157440,157468,157472],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157441,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157443,3365],{"class":72},[66,157445,77],{"class":76},[66,157447,8997],{"class":102},[66,157449,2064],{"class":478},[66,157451,121],{"class":102},[66,157453,7546],{"class":478},[66,157455,121],{"class":102},[66,157457,7551],{"class":478},[66,157459,121],{"class":102},[66,157461,50611],{"class":478},[66,157463,121],{"class":102},[66,157465,4835],{"class":478},[66,157467,131],{"class":102},[66,157469,157470],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157471,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157473,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157475,138],{"class":137},[66,157477,110],{"class":102},[66,157479,3397],{"class":106},[66,157481,3652],{"class":102},[66,157483,1788],{"class":478},[66,157485,77480],{"class":102},[20,157487,148],{},[57,157489,157491],{"className":59,"code":157490,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157492,157493],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157494,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157496,110],{"class":102},[66,157498,36608],{"class":478},[66,157500,121],{"class":102},[66,157502,50611],{"class":478},[66,157504,121],{"class":102},[66,157506,4835],{"class":478},[66,157508,131],{"class":102},[258,157510,157512],{"id":157511},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[57,157514,157516],{"className":59,"code":157515,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157517,157518,157546,157550],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157519,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157521,3365],{"class":72},[66,157523,77],{"class":76},[66,157525,8997],{"class":102},[66,157527,2064],{"class":478},[66,157529,121],{"class":102},[66,157531,7546],{"class":478},[66,157533,121],{"class":102},[66,157535,7551],{"class":478},[66,157537,121],{"class":102},[66,157539,50611],{"class":478},[66,157541,121],{"class":102},[66,157543,4835],{"class":478},[66,157545,131],{"class":102},[66,157547,157548],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157549,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157551,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157553,138],{"class":137},[66,157555,110],{"class":102},[66,157557,3397],{"class":106},[66,157559,3652],{"class":102},[66,157561,2729],{"class":478},[66,157563,1111],{"class":102},[66,157565,2241],{"class":478},[66,157567,3640],{"class":102},[20,157569,148],{},[57,157571,157573],{"className":59,"code":157572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157574,157575],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157576,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157578,110],{"class":102},[66,157580,15516],{"class":478},[66,157582,121],{"class":102},[66,157584,7551],{"class":478},[66,157586,121],{"class":102},[66,157588,50611],{"class":478},[66,157590,131],{"class":102},[258,157592,157594],{"id":157593},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[57,157596,157598],{"className":59,"code":157597,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157599,157600,157632,157636],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157601,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157603,3365],{"class":72},[66,157605,77],{"class":76},[66,157607,8997],{"class":102},[66,157609,2064],{"class":478},[66,157611,121],{"class":102},[66,157613,7546],{"class":478},[66,157615,121],{"class":102},[66,157617,7551],{"class":478},[66,157619,121],{"class":102},[66,157621,50611],{"class":478},[66,157623,121],{"class":102},[66,157625,4835],{"class":478},[66,157627,121],{"class":102},[66,157629,75864],{"class":478},[66,157631,131],{"class":102},[66,157633,157634],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157635,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157637,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157639,138],{"class":137},[66,157641,110],{"class":102},[66,157643,3397],{"class":106},[66,157645,73886],{"class":102},[66,157647,1788],{"class":478},[66,157649,3640],{"class":102},[20,157651,148],{},[57,157653,157655],{"className":59,"code":157654,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157656,157657],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157658,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157660,110],{"class":102},[66,157662,2064],{"class":478},[66,157664,121],{"class":102},[66,157666,7551],{"class":478},[66,157668,121],{"class":102},[66,157670,4835],{"class":478},[66,157672,131],{"class":102},[258,157674,157676],{"id":157675},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[57,157678,157680],{"className":59,"code":157679,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157681,157682,157710,157714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157683,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157685,3365],{"class":72},[66,157687,77],{"class":76},[66,157689,8997],{"class":102},[66,157691,2064],{"class":478},[66,157693,121],{"class":102},[66,157695,7546],{"class":478},[66,157697,121],{"class":102},[66,157699,7551],{"class":478},[66,157701,121],{"class":102},[66,157703,50611],{"class":478},[66,157705,121],{"class":102},[66,157707,4835],{"class":478},[66,157709,131],{"class":102},[66,157711,157712],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157713,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157715,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157717,138],{"class":137},[66,157719,110],{"class":102},[66,157721,3397],{"class":106},[66,157723,73886],{"class":102},[66,157725,1753],{"class":76},[66,157727,2729],{"class":478},[66,157729,3640],{"class":102},[20,157731,148],{},[57,157733,157735],{"className":59,"code":157734,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157736,157737],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157738,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157740,110],{"class":102},[66,157742,76558],{"class":478},[66,157744,121],{"class":102},[66,157746,50611],{"class":478},[66,157748,121],{"class":102},[66,157750,7551],{"class":478},[66,157752,121],{"class":102},[66,157754,7546],{"class":478},[66,157756,121],{"class":102},[66,157758,5757],{"class":478},[66,157760,131],{"class":102},[52,157762,76074],{"id":76073},[20,157764,153947],{},[20,157766,157767],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[258,157769,157771],{"id":157770},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[57,157773,157775],{"className":59,"code":157774,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157776,157777,157809,157813],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157778,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157780,3365],{"class":72},[66,157782,77],{"class":76},[66,157784,8997],{"class":102},[66,157786,2064],{"class":478},[66,157788,121],{"class":102},[66,157790,7546],{"class":478},[66,157792,121],{"class":102},[66,157794,7551],{"class":478},[66,157796,121],{"class":102},[66,157798,50611],{"class":478},[66,157800,121],{"class":102},[66,157802,4835],{"class":478},[66,157804,121],{"class":102},[66,157806,75864],{"class":478},[66,157808,131],{"class":102},[66,157810,157811],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157812,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157814,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157816,138],{"class":137},[66,157818,110],{"class":102},[66,157820,3397],{"class":106},[66,157822,3652],{"class":102},[66,157824,1753],{"class":76},[66,157826,1794],{"class":478},[66,157828,77480],{"class":102},[20,157830,148],{},[57,157832,157834],{"className":59,"code":157833,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157835,157836],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157837,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157839,110],{"class":102},[66,157841,56461],{"class":478},[66,157843,121],{"class":102},[66,157845,4835],{"class":478},[66,157847,121],{"class":102},[66,157849,75864],{"class":478},[66,157851,131],{"class":102},[258,157853,157855],{"id":157854},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[57,157857,157859],{"className":59,"code":157858,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157860,157861,157889,157893],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157862,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157864,3365],{"class":72},[66,157866,77],{"class":76},[66,157868,8997],{"class":102},[66,157870,2064],{"class":478},[66,157872,121],{"class":102},[66,157874,7546],{"class":478},[66,157876,121],{"class":102},[66,157878,7551],{"class":478},[66,157880,121],{"class":102},[66,157882,50611],{"class":478},[66,157884,121],{"class":102},[66,157886,4835],{"class":478},[66,157888,131],{"class":102},[66,157890,157891],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,157892,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,157894,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,157896,138],{"class":137},[66,157898,110],{"class":102},[66,157900,3397],{"class":106},[66,157902,75299],{"class":102},[66,157904,1753],{"class":76},[66,157906,2729],{"class":478},[66,157908,3640],{"class":102},[20,157910,148],{},[57,157912,157914],{"className":59,"code":157913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157915,157916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157917,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157919,110],{"class":102},[66,157921,2064],{"class":478},[66,157923,121],{"class":102},[66,157925,7546],{"class":478},[66,157927,121],{"class":102},[66,157929,7551],{"class":478},[66,157931,121],{"class":102},[66,157933,50611],{"class":478},[66,157935,131],{"class":102},[20,157937,157938,157939,103],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[200,157940,150497],{"href":156831},[52,157942,157944],{"id":157943},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157946,1711,157947,157949],{},[15,157948,75193],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[33,157951,157952,157954,157956,157962],{},[36,157953,76330],{},[36,157955,76333],{},[36,157957,157958,157961],{},[15,157959,157960],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[36,157963,157964,157965,157967],{},"A step of ",[15,157966,1852],{}," is not allowed",[20,157969,157970],{},"Example with a positive step:",[57,157972,157974],{"className":59,"code":157973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157975,157976,158008,158012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157977,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157979,3365],{"class":72},[66,157981,77],{"class":76},[66,157983,8997],{"class":102},[66,157985,2064],{"class":478},[66,157987,121],{"class":102},[66,157989,7546],{"class":478},[66,157991,121],{"class":102},[66,157993,7551],{"class":478},[66,157995,121],{"class":102},[66,157997,50611],{"class":478},[66,157999,121],{"class":102},[66,158001,4835],{"class":478},[66,158003,121],{"class":102},[66,158005,75864],{"class":478},[66,158007,131],{"class":102},[66,158009,158010],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158011,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158013,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158015,138],{"class":137},[66,158017,110],{"class":102},[66,158019,3397],{"class":106},[66,158021,3652],{"class":102},[66,158023,2729],{"class":478},[66,158025,1111],{"class":102},[66,158027,80358],{"class":478},[66,158029,1111],{"class":102},[66,158031,1788],{"class":478},[66,158033,3640],{"class":102},[20,158035,148],{},[57,158037,158039],{"className":59,"code":158038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158040,158041],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158042,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158044,110],{"class":102},[66,158046,15516],{"class":478},[66,158048,121],{"class":102},[66,158050,50611],{"class":478},[66,158052,121],{"class":102},[66,158054,75864],{"class":478},[66,158056,131],{"class":102},[20,158058,158059],{},"Example with a negative step:",[57,158061,158063],{"className":59,"code":158062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158064,158065,158093,158097],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158066,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158068,3365],{"class":72},[66,158070,77],{"class":76},[66,158072,8997],{"class":102},[66,158074,2064],{"class":478},[66,158076,121],{"class":102},[66,158078,7546],{"class":478},[66,158080,121],{"class":102},[66,158082,7551],{"class":478},[66,158084,121],{"class":102},[66,158086,50611],{"class":478},[66,158088,121],{"class":102},[66,158090,4835],{"class":478},[66,158092,131],{"class":102},[66,158094,158095],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158096,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158098,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158100,138],{"class":137},[66,158102,110],{"class":102},[66,158104,3397],{"class":106},[66,158106,3652],{"class":102},[66,158108,2241],{"class":478},[66,158110,1111],{"class":102},[66,158112,2729],{"class":478},[66,158114,1111],{"class":102},[66,158116,1753],{"class":76},[66,158118,2729],{"class":478},[66,158120,3640],{"class":102},[20,158122,148],{},[57,158124,158126],{"className":59,"code":158125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158127,158128],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158129,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158131,110],{"class":102},[66,158133,76558],{"class":478},[66,158135,121],{"class":102},[66,158137,50611],{"class":478},[66,158139,121],{"class":102},[66,158141,7551],{"class":478},[66,158143,131],{"class":102},[20,158145,158146],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[57,158148,158150],{"className":59,"code":158149,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158151,158152,158172,158176],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158153,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158155,3365],{"class":72},[66,158157,77],{"class":76},[66,158159,8997],{"class":102},[66,158161,2064],{"class":478},[66,158163,121],{"class":102},[66,158165,7546],{"class":478},[66,158167,121],{"class":102},[66,158169,7551],{"class":478},[66,158171,131],{"class":102},[66,158173,158174],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158175,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158177,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158179,138],{"class":137},[66,158181,110],{"class":102},[66,158183,3397],{"class":106},[66,158185,73886],{"class":102},[66,158187,1852],{"class":478},[66,158189,3640],{"class":102},[20,158191,158192],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[52,158194,158196],{"id":158195},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158198,158199,158200,33510],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[398,158201,48721],{},[258,158203,158205],{"id":158204},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[57,158207,158209],{"className":59,"code":158208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158210,158211,158235,158239,158257,158261,158271],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158212,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158214,3365],{"class":72},[66,158216,77],{"class":76},[66,158218,8997],{"class":102},[66,158220,2064],{"class":478},[66,158222,121],{"class":102},[66,158224,7546],{"class":478},[66,158226,121],{"class":102},[66,158228,7551],{"class":478},[66,158230,121],{"class":102},[66,158232,50611],{"class":478},[66,158234,131],{"class":102},[66,158236,158237],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158238,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158240,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158242,447],{"class":72},[66,158244,77],{"class":76},[66,158246,4016],{"class":72},[66,158248,3652],{"class":102},[66,158250,2729],{"class":478},[66,158252,1111],{"class":102},[66,158254,1794],{"class":478},[66,158256,3383],{"class":102},[66,158258,158259],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,158260,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158262,158263,158265,158267,158269],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,158264,138],{"class":137},[66,158266,110],{"class":102},[66,158268,494],{"class":106},[66,158270,131],{"class":102},[66,158272,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,158274,138],{"class":137},[66,158276,110],{"class":102},[66,158278,2964],{"class":2641},[66,158280,110],{"class":102},[66,158282,494],{"class":106},[66,158284,1330],{"class":102},[20,158286,148],{},[57,158288,158290],{"className":59,"code":158289,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158291,158292,158304],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158295,110],{"class":102},[66,158297,15516],{"class":478},[66,158299,121],{"class":102},[66,158301,7551],{"class":478},[66,158303,131],{"class":102},[66,158305,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158307,3033],{"class":76},[66,158309,3036],{"class":1797},[66,158311,3039],{"class":80},[66,158313,48721],{"class":84},[66,158315,3044],{"class":80},[66,158317,3047],{"class":76},[258,158319,158321],{"id":158320},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[57,158323,158325],{"className":59,"code":158324,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158326,158327,158347,158351,158369,158373,158383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158328,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158330,3365],{"class":72},[66,158332,77],{"class":76},[66,158334,8997],{"class":102},[66,158336,2064],{"class":478},[66,158338,121],{"class":102},[66,158340,7546],{"class":478},[66,158342,121],{"class":102},[66,158344,7551],{"class":478},[66,158346,131],{"class":102},[66,158348,158349],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158350,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158352,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158354,447],{"class":72},[66,158356,77],{"class":76},[66,158358,4016],{"class":72},[66,158360,3652],{"class":102},[66,158362,2729],{"class":478},[66,158364,1111],{"class":102},[66,158366,1788],{"class":478},[66,158368,3383],{"class":102},[66,158370,158371],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,158372,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158374,158375,158377,158379,158381],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,158376,138],{"class":137},[66,158378,110],{"class":102},[66,158380,494],{"class":106},[66,158382,131],{"class":102},[66,158384,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,158386,138],{"class":137},[66,158388,110],{"class":102},[66,158390,2964],{"class":2641},[66,158392,110],{"class":102},[66,158394,494],{"class":106},[66,158396,1330],{"class":102},[20,158398,148],{},[57,158400,158402],{"className":59,"code":158401,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158403,158404,158412],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158405,158406,158408,158410],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158407,110],{"class":102},[66,158409,15516],{"class":478},[66,158411,148931],{"class":102},[66,158413,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158415,3033],{"class":76},[66,158417,3036],{"class":1797},[66,158419,3039],{"class":80},[66,158421,48721],{"class":84},[66,158423,3044],{"class":80},[66,158425,3047],{"class":76},[258,158427,158429],{"id":158428},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[57,158431,158433],{"className":59,"code":158432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158434,158435,158455,158459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158436,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158438,3365],{"class":72},[66,158440,77],{"class":76},[66,158442,8997],{"class":102},[66,158444,2064],{"class":478},[66,158446,121],{"class":102},[66,158448,7546],{"class":478},[66,158450,121],{"class":102},[66,158452,7551],{"class":478},[66,158454,131],{"class":102},[66,158456,158457],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158458,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158460,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158462,138],{"class":137},[66,158464,110],{"class":102},[66,158466,3397],{"class":106},[66,158468,3652],{"class":102},[66,158470,1869],{"class":478},[66,158472,1111],{"class":102},[66,158474,2079],{"class":478},[66,158476,3640],{"class":102},[20,158478,148],{},[57,158480,158481],{"className":59,"code":8402,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,158482,158483],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158484,158485],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158486,8402],{"class":102},[20,158488,158489,158490,103],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[200,158491,155667],{"href":150554},[52,158493,158495],{"id":158494},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158497,158498],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,158500,158501,158503,158506,158511],{},[36,158502,76639],{},[36,158504,158505],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[36,158507,158508,158509],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158510,70495],{},[36,158512,158513],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158515,923],{},[57,158517,158519],{"className":59,"code":158518,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158520,158521,158541,158545,158562,158583],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158522,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158524,3365],{"class":72},[66,158526,77],{"class":76},[66,158528,8997],{"class":102},[66,158530,2064],{"class":478},[66,158532,121],{"class":102},[66,158534,7546],{"class":478},[66,158536,121],{"class":102},[66,158538,7551],{"class":478},[66,158540,131],{"class":102},[66,158542,158543],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158544,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158546,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158548,138],{"class":137},[66,158550,110],{"class":102},[66,158552,3397],{"class":106},[66,158554,3652],{"class":102},[66,158556,2729],{"class":478},[66,158558,20209],{"class":102},[66,158560,158561],{"class":3413},"    # one item\n",[66,158563,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,158565,138],{"class":137},[66,158567,110],{"class":102},[66,158569,3397],{"class":106},[66,158571,3652],{"class":102},[66,158573,2729],{"class":478},[66,158575,1111],{"class":102},[66,158577,1869],{"class":478},[66,158579,20209],{"class":102},[66,158581,158582],{"class":3413},"  # slice\n",[66,158584,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,158586,138],{"class":137},[66,158588,110],{"class":102},[66,158590,3397],{"class":106},[66,158592,3652],{"class":102},[66,158594,1869],{"class":478},[66,158596,1111],{"class":102},[66,158598,2079],{"class":478},[66,158600,20209],{"class":102},[66,158602,158603],{"class":3413},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158605,148],{},[57,158607,158609],{"className":59,"code":158608,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158610,158611,158615,158627],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158612,158613],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158614,70988],{"class":478},[66,158616,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158618,110],{"class":102},[66,158620,15516],{"class":478},[66,158622,121],{"class":102},[66,158624,7551],{"class":478},[66,158626,131],{"class":102},[66,158628,158629],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158630,8402],{"class":102},[20,158632,158633],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[57,158635,158637],{"className":59,"code":158636,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158638,158639,158659,158663],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158640,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158642,3365],{"class":72},[66,158644,77],{"class":76},[66,158646,8997],{"class":102},[66,158648,2064],{"class":478},[66,158650,121],{"class":102},[66,158652,7546],{"class":478},[66,158654,121],{"class":102},[66,158656,7551],{"class":478},[66,158658,131],{"class":102},[66,158660,158661],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158662,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158664,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158666,138],{"class":137},[66,158668,110],{"class":102},[66,158670,3397],{"class":106},[66,158672,3652],{"class":102},[66,158674,1869],{"class":478},[66,158676,3640],{"class":102},[20,158678,158679,158680,158682,158683,103],{},"This raises an ",[15,158681,70495],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[200,158684,154420],{"href":158685},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[52,158687,14938],{"id":76906},[20,158689,158690],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[33,158692,158693,158696,158698,158701],{},[36,158694,158695],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[36,158697,60457],{},[36,158699,158700],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[36,158702,158703,158704],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158705,1852],{},[20,158707,158708],{},"Here are a few examples.",[258,158710,158712],{"id":158711},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[57,158714,158715],{"className":59,"code":157515,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,158716,158717,158745,158749],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158718,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158720,3365],{"class":72},[66,158722,77],{"class":76},[66,158724,8997],{"class":102},[66,158726,2064],{"class":478},[66,158728,121],{"class":102},[66,158730,7546],{"class":478},[66,158732,121],{"class":102},[66,158734,7551],{"class":478},[66,158736,121],{"class":102},[66,158738,50611],{"class":478},[66,158740,121],{"class":102},[66,158742,4835],{"class":478},[66,158744,131],{"class":102},[66,158746,158747],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158748,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158750,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158752,138],{"class":137},[66,158754,110],{"class":102},[66,158756,3397],{"class":106},[66,158758,3652],{"class":102},[66,158760,2729],{"class":478},[66,158762,1111],{"class":102},[66,158764,2241],{"class":478},[66,158766,3640],{"class":102},[20,158768,148],{},[57,158770,158771],{"className":59,"code":157572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,158772,158773],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158774,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158776,110],{"class":102},[66,158778,15516],{"class":478},[66,158780,121],{"class":102},[66,158782,7551],{"class":478},[66,158784,121],{"class":102},[66,158786,50611],{"class":478},[66,158788,131],{"class":102},[20,158790,132149,158791,158793],{},[15,158792,2241],{}," is not included.",[258,158795,158797],{"id":158796},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158799,4277],{},[57,158801,158803],{"className":59,"code":158802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158804,158805,158829,158833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158806,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158808,3365],{"class":72},[66,158810,77],{"class":76},[66,158812,8997],{"class":102},[66,158814,2064],{"class":478},[66,158816,121],{"class":102},[66,158818,7546],{"class":478},[66,158820,121],{"class":102},[66,158822,7551],{"class":478},[66,158824,121],{"class":102},[66,158826,50611],{"class":478},[66,158828,131],{"class":102},[66,158830,158831],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158832,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158834,158835],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158836,158837],{"class":3413},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158839,158840],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[57,158842,158843],{"className":59,"code":154500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,158844,158845,158869,158873],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158846,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158848,3365],{"class":72},[66,158850,77],{"class":76},[66,158852,8997],{"class":102},[66,158854,2064],{"class":478},[66,158856,121],{"class":102},[66,158858,7546],{"class":478},[66,158860,121],{"class":102},[66,158862,7551],{"class":478},[66,158864,121],{"class":102},[66,158866,50611],{"class":478},[66,158868,131],{"class":102},[66,158870,158871],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158872,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158874,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158876,138],{"class":137},[66,158878,110],{"class":102},[66,158880,3397],{"class":106},[66,158882,3652],{"class":102},[66,158884,2729],{"class":478},[66,158886,1111],{"class":102},[66,158888,1794],{"class":478},[66,158890,3640],{"class":102},[258,158892,158894],{"id":158893},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[57,158896,158898],{"className":59,"code":158897,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158899,158900,158924,158928,158943,158947,158958],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158901,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158903,3365],{"class":72},[66,158905,77],{"class":76},[66,158907,8997],{"class":102},[66,158909,2064],{"class":478},[66,158911,121],{"class":102},[66,158913,7546],{"class":478},[66,158915,121],{"class":102},[66,158917,7551],{"class":478},[66,158919,121],{"class":102},[66,158921,50611],{"class":478},[66,158923,131],{"class":102},[66,158925,158926],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158927,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158929,158930,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,158931,158932],{"class":72},"slice_result ",[66,158934,77],{"class":76},[66,158936,4016],{"class":72},[66,158938,75299],{"class":102},[66,158940,1788],{"class":478},[66,158942,3383],{"class":102},[66,158944,158945],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,158946,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,158948,158949,158951,158953,158956],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,158950,138],{"class":137},[66,158952,110],{"class":102},[66,158954,158955],{"class":106},"slice_result",[66,158957,131],{"class":102},[66,158959,158960,158962,158964,158966],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,158961,138],{"class":137},[66,158963,110],{"class":102},[66,158965,3397],{"class":106},[66,158967,131],{"class":102},[20,158969,148],{},[57,158971,158973],{"className":59,"code":158972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158974,158975,158987],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158976,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158978,110],{"class":102},[66,158980,2064],{"class":478},[66,158982,121],{"class":102},[66,158984,7546],{"class":478},[66,158986,131],{"class":102},[66,158988,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,158990,110],{"class":102},[66,158992,2064],{"class":478},[66,158994,121],{"class":102},[66,158996,7546],{"class":478},[66,158998,121],{"class":102},[66,159000,7551],{"class":478},[66,159002,121],{"class":102},[66,159004,50611],{"class":478},[66,159006,131],{"class":102},[20,159008,159009],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[52,159011,113486],{"id":113485},[20,159013,159014],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[33,159016,159017,159020,159023,159029,159032],{},[36,159018,159019],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[36,159021,159022],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[36,159024,159025,159026],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159027,159028],{},"tuple[::0]",[36,159030,159031],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[36,159033,159034],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159036,159037],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[57,159039,159041],{"className":59,"code":159040,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159042,159043,159053,159071,159093],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159044,159045,159047,159049,159051],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159046,138],{"class":137},[66,159048,110],{"class":102},[66,159050,147593],{"class":106},[66,159052,131],{"class":102},[66,159054,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159056,138],{"class":137},[66,159058,110],{"class":102},[66,159060,147593],{"class":106},[66,159062,3652],{"class":102},[66,159064,2729],{"class":478},[66,159066,1111],{"class":102},[66,159068,2241],{"class":478},[66,159070,3640],{"class":102},[66,159072,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,159074,138],{"class":137},[66,159076,110],{"class":102},[66,159078,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159080,110],{"class":102},[66,159082,147593],{"class":106},[66,159084,3652],{"class":102},[66,159086,2729],{"class":478},[66,159088,1111],{"class":102},[66,159090,2241],{"class":478},[66,159092,2740],{"class":102},[66,159094,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,159096,138],{"class":137},[66,159098,110],{"class":102},[66,159100,10924],{"class":137},[66,159102,110],{"class":102},[66,159104,147593],{"class":106},[66,159106,1330],{"class":102},[20,159108,10933],{},[33,159110,159111,159113,159116,159119],{},[36,159112,154807],{},[36,159114,159115],{},"what the slice actually returns",[36,159117,159118],{},"that the result is a tuple",[36,159120,159121],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[52,159123,1518],{"id":1517},[258,159125,159127],{"id":159126},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159129,159130],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[258,159132,159134],{"id":159133},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159136,159137],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[258,159139,4897,159141,39727],{"id":159140},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159142,157960],{},[20,159144,159145],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[258,159147,159149,159150,2228],{"id":159148},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159151,70495],{},[20,159153,159154,159155,103],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159156,70495],{},[52,159158,1620],{"id":1619},[33,159160,159161,159165,159169,159173,159177],{},[36,159162,159163],{},[200,159164,155667],{"href":150554},[36,159166,159167],{},[200,159168,149248],{"href":152674},[36,159170,159171],{},[200,159172,150497],{"href":156831},[36,159174,159175],{},[200,159176,147575],{"href":157193},[36,159178,159179],{},[200,159180,154420],{"href":158685},[1651,159182,159183],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":159185},[159186,159187,159188,159189,159197,159201,159202,159207,159208,159213,159214,159222],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":156993,"depth":91,"text":156994},{"id":157196,"depth":91,"text":157197},{"id":75779,"depth":91,"text":75780,"children":159190},[159191,159193,159194,159195,159196],{"id":157354,"depth":134,"text":159192},"Get the first n items",{"id":157433,"depth":134,"text":157434},{"id":157511,"depth":134,"text":157512},{"id":157593,"depth":134,"text":157594},{"id":157675,"depth":134,"text":157676},{"id":76073,"depth":91,"text":76074,"children":159198},[159199,159200],{"id":157770,"depth":134,"text":157771},{"id":157854,"depth":134,"text":157855},{"id":157943,"depth":91,"text":157944},{"id":158195,"depth":91,"text":158196,"children":159203},[159204,159205,159206],{"id":158204,"depth":134,"text":158205},{"id":158320,"depth":134,"text":158321},{"id":158428,"depth":134,"text":158429},{"id":158494,"depth":91,"text":158495},{"id":76906,"depth":91,"text":14938,"children":159209},[159210,159211,159212],{"id":158711,"depth":134,"text":158712},{"id":158796,"depth":134,"text":158797},{"id":158893,"depth":134,"text":158894},{"id":113485,"depth":91,"text":113486},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":159215},[159216,159217,159218,159220],{"id":159126,"depth":134,"text":159127},{"id":159133,"depth":134,"text":159134},{"id":159140,"depth":134,"text":159219},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159148,"depth":134,"text":159221},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156837,"description":159223},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159230,"title":159231,"body":159232,"description":161055,"extension":1694,"meta":161056,"navigation":338,"path":34575,"seo":161057,"stem":161058,"__hash__":161059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159233,"toc":161021},[159234,159239,159244,159248,159266,159269,159284,159290,159292,159349,159351,159383,159395,159401,159406,159409,159444,159450,159452,159455,159469,159472,159474,159497,159499,159517,159520,159536,159538,159541,159654,159656,159745,159748,159753,159759,159762,159765,159864,159866,159925,159930,159933,160002,160006,160038,160054,160059,160066,160073,160085,160087,160136,160138,160161,160167,160215,160220,160227,160235,160241,160244,160268,160271,160273,160349,160351,160376,160382,160385,160390,160394,160408,160410,160473,160475,160507,160510,160526,160528,160534,160541,160543,160562,160564,160582,160589,160594,160601,160603,160640,160643,160650,160654,160657,160715,160718,160721,160776,160778,160790,160796,160798,160802,160835,160842,160844,160907,160910,160912,160917,160931,160938,160946,160955,160964,160970,160976,160978,161018],[10,159235,3321,159237,3325],{"id":159236},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159238,2035],{},[20,159240,32085,159241,159243],{},[15,159242,2035],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159245,62531,159246,104331],{},[15,159247,2035],{},[33,159249,159250,159253,159256,159259],{},[36,159251,159252],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[36,159254,159255],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[36,159257,159258],{},"debug confusing code",[36,159260,159261,159262],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[200,159263,159264],{"href":7977},[15,159265,2698],{},[20,159267,159268],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[57,159270,159272],{"className":59,"code":159271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"type(object)\n",[15,159273,159274],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159275,159276,159278,159280,159282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159277,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159279,110],{"class":102},[66,159281,42165],{"class":2641},[66,159283,131],{"class":102},[20,159285,159286,159287,159289],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159288,2035],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[52,159291,3355],{"id":3354},[57,159293,159295],{"className":59,"code":159294,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159296,159297,159309,159323,159327,159335],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159298,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159300,7633],{"class":72},[66,159302,77],{"class":76},[66,159304,81],{"class":80},[66,159306,4758],{"class":84},[66,159308,88],{"class":80},[66,159310,159311,159313,159315,159317,159319,159321],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159312,138],{"class":137},[66,159314,110],{"class":102},[66,159316,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159318,110],{"class":102},[66,159320,7423],{"class":106},[66,159322,1330],{"class":102},[66,159324,159325],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,159326,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,159328,159329,159331,159333],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,159330,1951],{"class":72},[66,159332,77],{"class":76},[66,159334,2324],{"class":478},[66,159336,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345,159347],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,159338,138],{"class":137},[66,159340,110],{"class":102},[66,159342,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159344,110],{"class":102},[66,159346,1973],{"class":106},[66,159348,1330],{"class":102},[20,159350,148],{},[57,159352,159353],{"className":59,"code":124821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159354,159355,159369],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159356,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365,159367],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159358,3033],{"class":76},[66,159360,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159362,3039],{"class":80},[66,159364,3188],{"class":84},[66,159366,3044],{"class":80},[66,159368,3047],{"class":76},[66,159370,159371,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159372,3033],{"class":76},[66,159374,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159376,3039],{"class":80},[66,159378,1922],{"class":84},[66,159380,3044],{"class":80},[66,159382,3047],{"class":76},[20,159384,160,159385,159388,159389,798,159392,103],{},[15,159386,159387],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159390,159391],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159393,159394],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[52,159396,12759,159398,159400],{"id":159397},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159399,2035],{}," function does",[20,159402,159403,159405],{},[15,159404,2035],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159407,159408],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[33,159410,159411,159416,159421,159426,159431,159436],{},[36,159412,159413,159415],{},[15,159414,3188],{}," for text",[36,159417,159418,159420],{},[15,159419,1922],{}," for whole numbers",[36,159422,159423,159425],{},[15,159424,1926],{}," for decimal numbers",[36,159427,159428,159430],{},[15,159429,7851],{}," for lists",[36,159432,159433,159435],{},[15,159434,8581],{}," for dictionaries",[36,159437,159438,68859,159440,798,159442],{},[15,159439,3618],{},[15,159441,3350],{},[15,159443,3424],{},[20,159445,159446,159447,159449],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159448,2035],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[52,159451,1891],{"id":1890},[20,159453,159454],{},"The main beginner form is:",[57,159456,159457],{"className":59,"code":159271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159458,159459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159460,159461,159463,159465,159467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159462,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159464,110],{"class":102},[66,159466,42165],{"class":2641},[66,159468,131],{"class":102},[20,159470,159471],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159473,923],{},[57,159475,159477],{"className":59,"code":159476,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159478,159479],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159480,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159482,138],{"class":137},[66,159484,110],{"class":102},[66,159486,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159488,110],{"class":102},[66,159490,113],{"class":80},[66,159492,939],{"class":84},[66,159494,113],{"class":80},[66,159496,1330],{"class":102},[20,159498,148],{},[57,159500,159501],{"className":59,"code":45537,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159502,159503],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159504,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159506,3033],{"class":76},[66,159508,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159510,3039],{"class":80},[66,159512,3188],{"class":84},[66,159514,3044],{"class":80},[66,159516,3047],{"class":76},[20,159518,159519],{},"You can pass either:",[33,159521,159522,159529],{},[36,159523,159524,159525,2617,159527],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159526,1347],{},[15,159528,46293],{},[36,159530,159531,159532,2617,159534],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159533,7423],{},[15,159535,9060],{},[52,159537,121645],{"id":121644},[20,159539,159540],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[57,159542,159544],{"className":59,"code":159543,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159545,159546,159564,159578,159592,159614,159640],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159547,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159549,138],{"class":137},[66,159551,110],{"class":102},[66,159553,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159555,110],{"class":102},[66,159557,113],{"class":80},[66,159559,939],{"class":84},[66,159561,113],{"class":80},[66,159563,1330],{"class":102},[66,159565,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159567,138],{"class":137},[66,159569,110],{"class":102},[66,159571,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159573,110],{"class":102},[66,159575,2064],{"class":478},[66,159577,1330],{"class":102},[66,159579,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,159581,138],{"class":137},[66,159583,110],{"class":102},[66,159585,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159587,110],{"class":102},[66,159589,39910],{"class":478},[66,159591,1330],{"class":102},[66,159593,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608,159610,159612],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,159595,138],{"class":137},[66,159597,110],{"class":102},[66,159599,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159601,2726],{"class":102},[66,159603,2729],{"class":478},[66,159605,121],{"class":102},[66,159607,561],{"class":478},[66,159609,121],{"class":102},[66,159611,2186],{"class":478},[66,159613,2740],{"class":102},[66,159615,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634,159636,159638],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,159617,138],{"class":137},[66,159619,110],{"class":102},[66,159621,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159623,5283],{"class":102},[66,159625,113],{"class":80},[66,159627,7423],{"class":84},[66,159629,113],{"class":80},[66,159631,1111],{"class":102},[66,159633,81],{"class":80},[66,159635,4758],{"class":84},[66,159637,113],{"class":80},[66,159639,5292],{"class":102},[66,159641,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,159643,138],{"class":137},[66,159645,110],{"class":102},[66,159647,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159649,110],{"class":102},[66,159651,3350],{"class":3602},[66,159653,1330],{"class":102},[20,159655,148],{},[57,159657,159659],{"className":59,"code":159658,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159660,159661,159675,159689,159703,159717,159731],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159662,159663,159665,159667,159669,159671,159673],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159664,3033],{"class":76},[66,159666,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159668,3039],{"class":80},[66,159670,3188],{"class":84},[66,159672,3044],{"class":80},[66,159674,3047],{"class":76},[66,159676,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159678,3033],{"class":76},[66,159680,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159682,3039],{"class":80},[66,159684,1922],{"class":84},[66,159686,3044],{"class":80},[66,159688,3047],{"class":76},[66,159690,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699,159701],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,159692,3033],{"class":76},[66,159694,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159696,3039],{"class":80},[66,159698,1926],{"class":84},[66,159700,3044],{"class":80},[66,159702,3047],{"class":76},[66,159704,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,159706,3033],{"class":76},[66,159708,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159710,3039],{"class":80},[66,159712,7851],{"class":84},[66,159714,3044],{"class":80},[66,159716,3047],{"class":76},[66,159718,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,159720,3033],{"class":76},[66,159722,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159724,3039],{"class":80},[66,159726,8581],{"class":84},[66,159728,3044],{"class":80},[66,159730,3047],{"class":76},[66,159732,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,159734,3033],{"class":76},[66,159736,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159738,3039],{"class":80},[66,159740,3618],{"class":84},[66,159742,3044],{"class":80},[66,159744,3047],{"class":76},[20,159746,159747],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159749,159750,159751,103],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[200,159752,44564],{"href":48746},[52,159754,8176,159756,159758],{"id":159755},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159757,2035],{}," with variables",[20,159760,159761],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159763,159764],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[57,159766,159768],{"className":59,"code":159767,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159769,159770,159778,159796,159800,159812,159830,159834,159846],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159771,159772,159774,159776],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159773,2181],{"class":72},[66,159775,77],{"class":76},[66,159777,2324],{"class":478},[66,159779,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792,159794],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159781,138],{"class":137},[66,159783,110],{"class":102},[66,159785,2208],{"class":106},[66,159787,121],{"class":102},[66,159789,49158],{"class":2641},[66,159791,110],{"class":102},[66,159793,2208],{"class":106},[66,159795,1330],{"class":102},[66,159797,159798],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,159799,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,159801,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,159803,2181],{"class":72},[66,159805,77],{"class":76},[66,159807,81],{"class":80},[66,159809,45674],{"class":84},[66,159811,88],{"class":80},[66,159813,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,159815,138],{"class":137},[66,159817,110],{"class":102},[66,159819,2208],{"class":106},[66,159821,121],{"class":102},[66,159823,49158],{"class":2641},[66,159825,110],{"class":102},[66,159827,2208],{"class":106},[66,159829,1330],{"class":102},[66,159831,159832],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,159833,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,159835,159836,159838,159840,159842,159844],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,159837,2181],{"class":72},[66,159839,77],{"class":76},[66,159841,3370],{"class":102},[66,159843,2064],{"class":478},[66,159845,3383],{"class":102},[66,159847,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":68,"line":6179},[66,159849,138],{"class":137},[66,159851,110],{"class":102},[66,159853,2208],{"class":106},[66,159855,121],{"class":102},[66,159857,49158],{"class":2641},[66,159859,110],{"class":102},[66,159861,2208],{"class":106},[66,159863,1330],{"class":102},[20,159865,148],{},[57,159867,159869],{"className":59,"code":159868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159870,159871,159888,159905],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159872,159873,159875,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159874,2064],{"class":478},[66,159876,159877],{"class":76}," \u003C",[66,159879,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159881,3039],{"class":80},[66,159883,1922],{"class":84},[66,159885,3044],{"class":80},[66,159887,3047],{"class":76},[66,159889,159890,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159891,159892],{"class":72},"ten ",[66,159894,3033],{"class":76},[66,159896,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159898,3039],{"class":80},[66,159900,3188],{"class":84},[66,159902,3044],{"class":80},[66,159904,3047],{"class":76},[66,159906,159907,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,159908,3652],{"class":102},[66,159910,2064],{"class":478},[66,159912,13034],{"class":102},[66,159914,159877],{"class":76},[66,159916,3036],{"class":1797},[66,159918,3039],{"class":80},[66,159920,7851],{"class":84},[66,159922,3044],{"class":80},[66,159924,3047],{"class":76},[20,159926,159927,159929],{},[15,159928,2035],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159931,159932],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[57,159934,159936],{"className":59,"code":159935,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159937,159938,159956,159970,159974,159988],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159939,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159941,3135],{"class":72},[66,159943,77],{"class":76},[66,159945,8000],{"class":137},[66,159947,110],{"class":102},[66,159949,113],{"class":80},[66,159951,41637],{"class":84},[66,159953,113],{"class":80},[66,159955,131],{"class":102},[66,159957,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,159959,138],{"class":137},[66,159961,110],{"class":102},[66,159963,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159965,110],{"class":102},[66,159967,3162],{"class":106},[66,159969,1330],{"class":102},[66,159971,159972],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,159973,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,159977,122757],{"class":72},[66,159979,77],{"class":76},[66,159981,45043],{"class":2641},[66,159983,110],{"class":102},[66,159985,3162],{"class":106},[66,159987,131],{"class":102},[66,159989,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,159991,138],{"class":137},[66,159993,110],{"class":102},[66,159995,2964],{"class":2641},[66,159997,110],{"class":102},[66,159999,122780],{"class":106},[66,160001,1330],{"class":102},[20,160003,40888,160004,40892],{},[15,160005,8954],{},[57,160007,160008],{"className":59,"code":124821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,160009,160010,160024],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160011,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160013,3033],{"class":76},[66,160015,3036],{"class":1797},[66,160017,3039],{"class":80},[66,160019,3188],{"class":84},[66,160021,3044],{"class":80},[66,160023,3047],{"class":76},[66,160025,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160027,3033],{"class":76},[66,160029,3036],{"class":1797},[66,160031,3039],{"class":80},[66,160033,1922],{"class":84},[66,160035,3044],{"class":80},[66,160037,3047],{"class":76},[20,160039,45470,160040,160044,160045,2617,160049,160053],{},[200,160041,160042],{"href":7977},[15,160043,2698],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[200,160046,160047],{"href":2613},[15,160048,2616],{},[200,160050,160051],{"href":2620},[15,160052,2623],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160055,160056,160057,103],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[200,160058,8741],{"href":8740},[52,160060,160062,10348,160064],{"id":160061},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160063,2035],{},[15,160065,44572],{},[20,160067,160068,798,160070,160072],{},[15,160069,2035],{},[15,160071,44572],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[33,160074,160075,160080],{},[36,160076,160077,160079],{},[15,160078,2035],{}," tells you the exact type",[36,160081,160082,160084],{},[15,160083,44572],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160086,923],{},[57,160088,160090],{"className":59,"code":160089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160091,160092,160100,160104,160118],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160093,160094,160096,160098],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160095,2181],{"class":72},[66,160097,77],{"class":76},[66,160099,34609],{"class":478},[66,160101,160102],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160103,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,160105,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114,160116],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,160107,138],{"class":137},[66,160109,110],{"class":102},[66,160111,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160113,110],{"class":102},[66,160115,2208],{"class":106},[66,160117,1330],{"class":102},[66,160119,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128,160130,160132,160134],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,160121,138],{"class":137},[66,160123,110],{"class":102},[66,160125,48643],{"class":137},[66,160127,110],{"class":102},[66,160129,2208],{"class":106},[66,160131,121],{"class":102},[66,160133,45043],{"class":2641},[66,160135,1330],{"class":102},[20,160137,148],{},[57,160139,160141],{"className":59,"code":160140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160142,160143,160157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160144,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160146,3033],{"class":76},[66,160148,3036],{"class":1797},[66,160150,3039],{"class":80},[66,160152,1922],{"class":84},[66,160154,3044],{"class":80},[66,160156,3047],{"class":76},[66,160158,160159],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160160,3732],{"class":3602},[20,160162,160163,160164,160166],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160165,44572],{}," is more practical.",[57,160168,160170],{"className":59,"code":160169,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160171,160172,160180,160184,160200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160173,160174,160176,160178],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160175,2181],{"class":72},[66,160177,77],{"class":76},[66,160179,34609],{"class":478},[66,160181,160182],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160183,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,160185,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,160187,6752],{"class":3627},[66,160189,49380],{"class":137},[66,160191,110],{"class":102},[66,160193,2208],{"class":106},[66,160195,121],{"class":102},[66,160197,45043],{"class":2641},[66,160199,8100],{"class":102},[66,160201,160202,160204,160206,160208,160211,160213],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,160203,7826],{"class":137},[66,160205,110],{"class":102},[66,160207,113],{"class":80},[66,160209,160210],{"class":84},"This is an integer",[66,160212,113],{"class":80},[66,160214,131],{"class":102},[20,160216,160,160217,160219],{},[15,160218,2035],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160221,160,160222,160224,160225,6927],{},[15,160223,44572],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160226,6752],{},[20,160228,160229,160230,103],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[200,160231,3321,160233,3254],{"href":160232},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160234,44572],{},[52,160236,160238,160239],{"id":160237},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160240,2035],{},[20,160242,160243],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[57,160245,160247],{"className":59,"code":160246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160248,160249],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160250,160251,160253,160255,160257,160259,160262,160264,160266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160252,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160254,110],{"class":102},[66,160256,7423],{"class":106},[66,160258,121],{"class":102},[66,160260,160261],{"class":106}," bases",[66,160263,121],{"class":102},[66,160265,8931],{"class":2641},[66,160267,131],{"class":102},[20,160269,160270],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160272,923],{},[57,160274,160276],{"className":59,"code":160275,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160277,160278,160321,160325,160335],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160279,160280,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291,160294,160296,160298,160301,160303,160305,160308,160310,160312,160314,160317,160319],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160281,160282],{"class":72},"Person ",[66,160284,77],{"class":76},[66,160286,49158],{"class":2641},[66,160288,110],{"class":102},[66,160290,113],{"class":80},[66,160292,160293],{"class":84},"Person",[66,160295,113],{"class":80},[66,160297,121],{"class":102},[66,160299,160300],{"class":102}," (),",[66,160302,10253],{"class":102},[66,160304,113],{"class":80},[66,160306,160307],{"class":84},"species",[66,160309,113],{"class":80},[66,160311,1111],{"class":102},[66,160313,81],{"class":80},[66,160315,160316],{"class":84},"human",[66,160318,113],{"class":80},[66,160320,30263],{"class":102},[66,160322,160323],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160324,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,160326,160327,160329,160331,160333],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,160328,138],{"class":137},[66,160330,110],{"class":102},[66,160332,160293],{"class":106},[66,160334,131],{"class":102},[66,160336,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,160338,138],{"class":137},[66,160340,110],{"class":102},[66,160342,160293],{"class":106},[66,160344,103],{"class":102},[66,160346,160307],{"class":24515},[66,160348,131],{"class":102},[20,160350,148],{},[57,160352,160354],{"className":59,"code":160353,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160355,160356,160371],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160357,160358,160360,160362,160364,160367,160369],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160359,3033],{"class":76},[66,160361,3036],{"class":1797},[66,160363,3039],{"class":80},[66,160365,160366],{"class":84},"__main__.Person",[66,160368,3044],{"class":80},[66,160370,3047],{"class":76},[66,160372,160373],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160374,160375],{"class":72},"human\n",[20,160377,160378,160379,160381],{},"Most beginners do ",[398,160380,4383],{}," need this form.",[20,160383,160384],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[52,160386,4715,160388],{"id":160387},"when-to-use-type",[15,160389,2035],{},[20,160391,160392,12207],{},[15,160393,2035],{},[33,160395,160396,160399,160402,160405],{},[36,160397,160398],{},"debug unexpected values",[36,160400,160401],{},"check what a conversion produced",[36,160403,160404],{},"learn Python data types",[36,160406,160407],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160409,5226],{},[57,160411,160413],{"className":59,"code":160412,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160414,160415,160427,160441,160445,160459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160416,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160418,73],{"class":72},[66,160420,77],{"class":76},[66,160422,81],{"class":80},[66,160424,50013],{"class":84},[66,160426,88],{"class":80},[66,160428,160429,160431,160433,160435,160437,160439],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160430,1951],{"class":72},[66,160432,77],{"class":76},[66,160434,45043],{"class":2641},[66,160436,110],{"class":102},[66,160438,349],{"class":106},[66,160440,131],{"class":102},[66,160442,160443],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,160444,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,160446,160447,160449,160451,160453,160455,160457],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,160448,138],{"class":137},[66,160450,110],{"class":102},[66,160452,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160454,110],{"class":102},[66,160456,349],{"class":106},[66,160458,1330],{"class":102},[66,160460,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,160462,138],{"class":137},[66,160464,110],{"class":102},[66,160466,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160468,110],{"class":102},[66,160470,1973],{"class":106},[66,160472,1330],{"class":102},[20,160474,148],{},[57,160476,160477],{"className":59,"code":124821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,160478,160479,160493],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160480,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489,160491],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160482,3033],{"class":76},[66,160484,3036],{"class":1797},[66,160486,3039],{"class":80},[66,160488,3188],{"class":84},[66,160490,3044],{"class":80},[66,160492,3047],{"class":76},[66,160494,160495,160497,160499,160501,160503,160505],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160496,3033],{"class":76},[66,160498,3036],{"class":1797},[66,160500,3039],{"class":80},[66,160502,1922],{"class":84},[66,160504,3044],{"class":80},[66,160506,3047],{"class":76},[20,160508,160509],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160511,160512,160513,1923,160517,16835,160521,160525],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[200,160514,160515],{"href":41941},[15,160516,47451],{},[200,160518,160519],{"href":2613},[15,160520,2616],{},[200,160522,160523],{"href":2620},[15,160524,2623],{}," are often the next step.",[52,160527,25123],{"id":25122},[20,160529,160530,160531,160533],{},"A few things about ",[15,160532,2035],{}," often confuse beginners.",[258,160535,160537,160540],{"id":160536},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160538,160539],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160542,64407],{},[57,160544,160546],{"className":59,"code":160545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160547,160548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160549,160550,160552,160554,160556,160558,160560],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160551,138],{"class":137},[66,160553,110],{"class":102},[66,160555,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160557,110],{"class":102},[66,160559,1869],{"class":478},[66,160561,1330],{"class":102},[20,160563,122676],{},[57,160565,160566],{"className":59,"code":156015,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,160567,160568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160569,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578,160580],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160571,3033],{"class":76},[66,160573,3036],{"class":1797},[66,160575,3039],{"class":80},[66,160577,1922],{"class":84},[66,160579,3044],{"class":80},[66,160581,3047],{"class":76},[20,160583,40673,160584,160586,160587,103],{},[398,160585,4383],{}," print just ",[15,160588,1922],{},[20,160590,6431,160591,160593],{},[15,160592,2035],{}," returns a class object.",[258,160595,160597,2131,160599],{"id":160596},"input-returns-str",[15,160598,2698],{},[15,160600,3188],{},[20,160602,79306],{},[57,160604,160606],{"className":59,"code":160605,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160607,160608,160626],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160609,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160611,2181],{"class":72},[66,160613,77],{"class":76},[66,160615,8000],{"class":137},[66,160617,110],{"class":102},[66,160619,113],{"class":80},[66,160621,46077],{"class":84},[66,160623,113],{"class":80},[66,160625,131],{"class":102},[66,160627,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636,160638],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160629,138],{"class":137},[66,160631,110],{"class":102},[66,160633,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160635,110],{"class":102},[66,160637,2208],{"class":106},[66,160639,1330],{"class":102},[20,160641,160642],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160644,160645,160646,2617,160648,103],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160647,2616],{},[15,160649,2623],{},[258,160651,160653],{"id":160652},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160655,160656],{},"Avoid code like this:",[57,160658,160660],{"className":59,"code":160659,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160661,160662,160670,160674,160700],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160663,160664,160666,160668],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160665,2181],{"class":72},[66,160667,77],{"class":76},[66,160669,34609],{"class":478},[66,160671,160672],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160673,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,160675,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694,160696,160698],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,160677,6752],{"class":3627},[66,160679,48672],{"class":2641},[66,160681,110],{"class":102},[66,160683,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160685,110],{"class":102},[66,160687,2208],{"class":106},[66,160689,5117],{"class":102},[66,160691,6161],{"class":76},[66,160693,81],{"class":80},[66,160695,159394],{"class":84},[66,160697,113],{"class":80},[66,160699,6146],{"class":102},[66,160701,160702,160704,160706,160708,160711,160713],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,160703,7826],{"class":137},[66,160705,110],{"class":102},[66,160707,113],{"class":80},[66,160709,160710],{"class":84},"It is an int",[66,160712,113],{"class":80},[66,160714,131],{"class":102},[20,160716,160717],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160719,160720],{},"Better options:",[57,160722,160724],{"className":59,"code":160723,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160725,160726,160734,160738,160758],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160727,160728,160730,160732],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160729,2181],{"class":72},[66,160731,77],{"class":76},[66,160733,34609],{"class":478},[66,160735,160736],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160737,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,160739,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752,160754,160756],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,160741,138],{"class":137},[66,160743,110],{"class":102},[66,160745,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160747,110],{"class":102},[66,160749,2208],{"class":106},[66,160751,3410],{"class":102},[66,160753,6161],{"class":76},[66,160755,45043],{"class":2641},[66,160757,131],{"class":102},[66,160759,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,160761,138],{"class":137},[66,160763,110],{"class":102},[66,160765,48643],{"class":137},[66,160767,110],{"class":102},[66,160769,2208],{"class":106},[66,160771,121],{"class":102},[66,160773,45043],{"class":2641},[66,160775,1330],{"class":102},[20,160777,148],{},[57,160779,160780],{"className":59,"code":4258,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,160781,160782,160786],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160783,160784],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160785,3732],{"class":3602},[66,160787,160788],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160789,3732],{"class":3602},[20,160791,160792,160793,160795],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160794,44572],{}," is the more useful check.",[52,160797,2568],{"id":2567},[20,160799,14495,160800,1111],{},[15,160801,2035],{},[33,160803,160804,160814,160823,160832],{},[36,160805,8176,160806,160808,160809,160813],{},[15,160807,2035],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[200,160810,160811],{"href":7977},[15,160812,2698],{}," always returns a string",[36,160815,1119,160816,160818,160819,10854,160821],{},[15,160817,2035],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160820,1922],{},[15,160822,159394],{},[36,160824,8176,160825,44396,160828,160831],{},[15,160826,160827],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160829,160830],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[36,160833,160834],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160836,160837,160838,103],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[200,160839,160841],{"href":160840},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160843,144169],{},[57,160845,160847],{"className":59,"code":160846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160848,160849,160863,160873,160887,160897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160850,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859,160861],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160852,138],{"class":137},[66,160854,110],{"class":102},[66,160856,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160858,110],{"class":102},[66,160860,2208],{"class":106},[66,160862,1330],{"class":102},[66,160864,160865,160867,160869,160871],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,160866,138],{"class":137},[66,160868,110],{"class":102},[66,160870,2208],{"class":106},[66,160872,131],{"class":102},[66,160874,160875,160877,160879,160881,160883,160885],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,160876,138],{"class":137},[66,160878,110],{"class":102},[66,160880,41545],{"class":137},[66,160882,110],{"class":102},[66,160884,2208],{"class":106},[66,160886,1330],{"class":102},[66,160888,160889,160891,160893,160895],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,160890,31920],{"class":137},[66,160892,110],{"class":102},[66,160894,2964],{"class":2641},[66,160896,131],{"class":102},[66,160898,160899,160901,160903,160905],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,160900,34141],{"class":137},[66,160902,110],{"class":102},[66,160904,2208],{"class":106},[66,160906,131],{"class":102},[20,160908,160909],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[52,160911,1518],{"id":1517},[258,160913,4897,160915,4900],{"id":160914},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160916,2035],{},[20,160918,160919,160920,1923,160922,1923,160924,1927,160926,160928,160929,103],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160921,3188],{},[15,160923,1922],{},[15,160925,7851],{},[15,160927,8581],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160930,159391],{},[258,160932,1610,160934,56974,160936,2228],{"id":160933},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160935,2035],{},[15,160937,44572],{},[20,160939,46132,160940,160942,160943,160945],{},[15,160941,2035],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160944,44572],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[258,160947,4913,160949,160952,160953,2228],{"id":160948},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160950,160951],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160954,3188],{},[20,160956,28827,160957,160959,160960,2617,160962,160053],{},[15,160958,2698],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160961,2616],{},[15,160963,2623],{},[258,160965,1573,160967,160969],{"id":160966},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160968,2035],{}," create classes?",[20,160971,160972,160973,103],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160974,160975],{},"type(object)",[52,160977,1620],{"id":1619},[33,160979,160980,160984,160990,160996,161000,161006,161012],{},[36,160981,160982],{},[200,160983,44564],{"href":48746},[36,160985,160986],{},[200,160987,3321,160988,3254],{"href":160232},[15,160989,44572],{},[36,160991,160992],{},[200,160993,3321,160994,3254],{"href":7977},[15,160995,2698],{},[36,160997,160998],{},[200,160999,8818],{"href":8740},[36,161001,161002],{},[200,161003,3321,161004,3254],{"href":2613},[15,161005,2616],{},[36,161007,161008],{},[200,161009,3321,161010,3254],{"href":2620},[15,161011,2623],{},[36,161013,161014],{},[200,161015,3321,161016,3254],{"href":41941},[15,161017,47451],{},[1651,161019,161020],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":161022},[161023,161024,161026,161027,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036,161043,161044,161054],{"id":3354,"depth":91,"text":3355},{"id":159397,"depth":91,"text":161025},"What the type() function does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":121644,"depth":91,"text":121645},{"id":159755,"depth":91,"text":161029},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160061,"depth":91,"text":161031},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160237,"depth":91,"text":161033},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160387,"depth":91,"text":161035},"When to use type()",{"id":25122,"depth":91,"text":25123,"children":161037},[161038,161040,161042],{"id":160536,"depth":134,"text":161039},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160596,"depth":134,"text":161041},"input() returns str",{"id":160652,"depth":134,"text":160653},{"id":2567,"depth":91,"text":2568},{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":161045},[161046,161048,161050,161052],{"id":160914,"depth":134,"text":161047},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160933,"depth":134,"text":161049},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160948,"depth":134,"text":161051},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160966,"depth":134,"text":161053},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159231,"description":161055},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161061,"title":161062,"body":161063,"description":163542,"extension":1694,"meta":163543,"navigation":338,"path":163544,"seo":163545,"stem":163546,"__hash__":163547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161064,"toc":163499},[161065,161070,161075,161084,161086,161186,161188,161213,161218,161223,161239,161242,161244,161246,161271,161274,161277,161360,161362,161411,161414,161536,161538,161611,161615,161618,161732,161734,161760,161762,161783,161788,161792,161797,161800,161904,161906,161923,161932,161935,162022,162024,162035,162040,162046,162051,162057,162060,162153,162155,162204,162210,162213,162314,162316,162369,162374,162378,162381,162480,162482,162521,162524,162529,162531,162536,162540,162653,162657,162754,162758,162846,162848,162865,162869,162992,162998,163004,163010,163015,163018,163045,163049,163051,163145,163148,163152,163155,163242,163245,163280,163282,163319,163322,163330,163335,163340,163414,163421,163423,163428,163431,163437,163440,163446,163451,163457,163462,163466,163469,163471,163496],[10,161066,3321,161068,3325],{"id":161067},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161069,64084],{},[20,161071,161072,161074],{},[15,161073,64084],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161076,161077,161078,161080,161081,161083],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161079,64084],{}," inside a ",[15,161082,5710],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[52,161085,55],{"id":54},[57,161087,161089],{"className":59,"code":161088,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161090,161091,161123,161143,161147,161172],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161092,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161094,4749],{"class":72},[66,161096,77],{"class":76},[66,161098,3370],{"class":102},[66,161100,113],{"class":80},[66,161102,12643],{"class":84},[66,161104,113],{"class":80},[66,161106,121],{"class":102},[66,161108,81],{"class":80},[66,161110,35707],{"class":84},[66,161112,113],{"class":80},[66,161114,121],{"class":102},[66,161116,81],{"class":80},[66,161118,35716],{"class":84},[66,161120,113],{"class":80},[66,161122,3383],{"class":102},[66,161124,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137,161139,161141],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161126,4818],{"class":72},[66,161128,77],{"class":76},[66,161130,3370],{"class":102},[66,161132,13263],{"class":478},[66,161134,121],{"class":102},[66,161136,13268],{"class":478},[66,161138,121],{"class":102},[66,161140,28686],{"class":478},[66,161142,3383],{"class":102},[66,161144,161145],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161146,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,161148,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161162,161164,161166,161168,161170],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,161150,5710],{"class":3627},[66,161152,35758],{"class":72},[66,161154,121],{"class":102},[66,161156,4860],{"class":72},[66,161158,3634],{"class":3627},[66,161160,161161],{"class":137}," zip",[66,161163,110],{"class":102},[66,161165,4793],{"class":106},[66,161167,121],{"class":102},[66,161169,4865],{"class":106},[66,161171,8100],{"class":102},[66,161173,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,161175,7826],{"class":137},[66,161177,110],{"class":102},[66,161179,7423],{"class":106},[66,161181,121],{"class":102},[66,161183,130600],{"class":106},[66,161185,131],{"class":102},[20,161187,148],{},[57,161189,161191],{"className":59,"code":161190,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161192,161193,161199,161206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161194,161195,161197],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161196,133617],{"class":72},[66,161198,32904],{"class":478},[66,161200,161201,161204],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161202,161203],{"class":72},"Ben ",[66,161205,32909],{"class":478},[66,161207,161208,161211],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161209,161210],{"class":72},"Cara ",[66,161212,32914],{"class":478},[20,161214,160,161215,161217],{},[15,161216,64084],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[52,161219,168,161221,41],{"id":161220},"what-zip-does",[15,161222,64084],{},[33,161224,161225,161230,161233,161236],{},[36,161226,161227,161229],{},[15,161228,64084],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[36,161231,161232],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[36,161234,161235],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[36,161237,161238],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161240,161241],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[52,161243,1891],{"id":1890},[20,161245,6973],{},[57,161247,161249],{"className":59,"code":161248,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161250,161251],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161252,161253,161255,161257,161260,161262,161265,161267,161269],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161254,64154],{"class":137},[66,161256,110],{"class":102},[66,161258,161259],{"class":106},"iterable1",[66,161261,121],{"class":102},[66,161263,161264],{"class":106}," iterable2",[66,161266,121],{"class":102},[66,161268,34222],{"class":137},[66,161270,131],{"class":102},[20,161272,161273],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161275,161276],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[57,161278,161280],{"className":59,"code":161279,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161281,161282,161302,161334,161338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161285,3365],{"class":72},[66,161287,77],{"class":76},[66,161289,3370],{"class":102},[66,161291,2729],{"class":478},[66,161293,121],{"class":102},[66,161295,561],{"class":478},[66,161297,121],{"class":102},[66,161299,2186],{"class":478},[66,161301,3383],{"class":102},[66,161303,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161305,35857],{"class":72},[66,161307,77],{"class":76},[66,161309,3370],{"class":102},[66,161311,113],{"class":80},[66,161313,200],{"class":84},[66,161315,113],{"class":80},[66,161317,121],{"class":102},[66,161319,81],{"class":80},[66,161321,4514],{"class":84},[66,161323,113],{"class":80},[66,161325,121],{"class":102},[66,161327,81],{"class":80},[66,161329,9501],{"class":84},[66,161331,113],{"class":80},[66,161333,3383],{"class":102},[66,161335,161336],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161337,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,161339,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,161341,138],{"class":137},[66,161343,110],{"class":102},[66,161345,7851],{"class":2641},[66,161347,110],{"class":102},[66,161349,64154],{"class":137},[66,161351,110],{"class":102},[66,161353,3397],{"class":106},[66,161355,121],{"class":102},[66,161357,69860],{"class":106},[66,161359,2652],{"class":102},[20,161361,148],{},[57,161363,161365],{"className":59,"code":161364,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161366,161367],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161368,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407,161409],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161370,21504],{"class":102},[66,161372,2729],{"class":478},[66,161374,121],{"class":102},[66,161376,3039],{"class":80},[66,161378,200],{"class":84},[66,161380,3044],{"class":80},[66,161382,8994],{"class":102},[66,161384,8997],{"class":102},[66,161386,1788],{"class":478},[66,161388,121],{"class":102},[66,161390,3039],{"class":80},[66,161392,4514],{"class":84},[66,161394,3044],{"class":80},[66,161396,8994],{"class":102},[66,161398,8997],{"class":102},[66,161400,1794],{"class":478},[66,161402,121],{"class":102},[66,161404,3039],{"class":80},[66,161406,9501],{"class":84},[66,161408,3044],{"class":80},[66,161410,9010],{"class":102},[20,161412,161413],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[57,161415,161417],{"className":59,"code":161416,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161418,161419,161451,161471,161505,161509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161420,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161422,4749],{"class":72},[66,161424,77],{"class":76},[66,161426,3370],{"class":102},[66,161428,113],{"class":80},[66,161430,12643],{"class":84},[66,161432,113],{"class":80},[66,161434,121],{"class":102},[66,161436,81],{"class":80},[66,161438,35707],{"class":84},[66,161440,113],{"class":80},[66,161442,121],{"class":102},[66,161444,81],{"class":80},[66,161446,35716],{"class":84},[66,161448,113],{"class":80},[66,161450,3383],{"class":102},[66,161452,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161454,4818],{"class":72},[66,161456,77],{"class":76},[66,161458,3370],{"class":102},[66,161460,13263],{"class":478},[66,161462,121],{"class":102},[66,161464,13268],{"class":478},[66,161466,121],{"class":102},[66,161468,28686],{"class":478},[66,161470,3383],{"class":102},[66,161472,161473,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161501,161503],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161474,161475],{"class":72},"grades ",[66,161477,77],{"class":76},[66,161479,3370],{"class":102},[66,161481,113],{"class":80},[66,161483,22009],{"class":84},[66,161485,113],{"class":80},[66,161487,121],{"class":102},[66,161489,81],{"class":80},[66,161491,30367],{"class":84},[66,161493,113],{"class":80},[66,161495,121],{"class":102},[66,161497,81],{"class":80},[66,161499,161500],{"class":84},"B+",[66,161502,113],{"class":80},[66,161504,3383],{"class":102},[66,161506,161507],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,161508,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,161510,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161534],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,161512,138],{"class":137},[66,161514,110],{"class":102},[66,161516,7851],{"class":2641},[66,161518,110],{"class":102},[66,161520,64154],{"class":137},[66,161522,110],{"class":102},[66,161524,4793],{"class":106},[66,161526,121],{"class":102},[66,161528,4865],{"class":106},[66,161530,121],{"class":102},[66,161532,161533],{"class":106}," grades",[66,161535,2652],{"class":102},[20,161537,148],{},[57,161539,161541],{"className":59,"code":161540,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161542,161543],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161544,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161546,21504],{"class":102},[66,161548,3044],{"class":80},[66,161550,12643],{"class":84},[66,161552,3044],{"class":80},[66,161554,121],{"class":102},[66,161556,19661],{"class":478},[66,161558,121],{"class":102},[66,161560,3039],{"class":80},[66,161562,22009],{"class":84},[66,161564,3044],{"class":80},[66,161566,8994],{"class":102},[66,161568,8997],{"class":102},[66,161570,3044],{"class":80},[66,161572,35707],{"class":84},[66,161574,3044],{"class":80},[66,161576,121],{"class":102},[66,161578,13268],{"class":478},[66,161580,121],{"class":102},[66,161582,3039],{"class":80},[66,161584,30367],{"class":84},[66,161586,3044],{"class":80},[66,161588,8994],{"class":102},[66,161590,8997],{"class":102},[66,161592,3044],{"class":80},[66,161594,35716],{"class":84},[66,161596,3044],{"class":80},[66,161598,121],{"class":102},[66,161600,28686],{"class":478},[66,161602,121],{"class":102},[66,161604,3039],{"class":80},[66,161606,161500],{"class":84},[66,161608,3044],{"class":80},[66,161610,9010],{"class":102},[52,161612,161614],{"id":161613},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161616,161617],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[57,161619,161621],{"className":59,"code":161620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161622,161623,161655,161675,161679,161703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161624,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161626,4749],{"class":72},[66,161628,77],{"class":76},[66,161630,3370],{"class":102},[66,161632,113],{"class":80},[66,161634,12643],{"class":84},[66,161636,113],{"class":80},[66,161638,121],{"class":102},[66,161640,81],{"class":80},[66,161642,35707],{"class":84},[66,161644,113],{"class":80},[66,161646,121],{"class":102},[66,161648,81],{"class":80},[66,161650,35716],{"class":84},[66,161652,113],{"class":80},[66,161654,3383],{"class":102},[66,161656,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161658,4818],{"class":72},[66,161660,77],{"class":76},[66,161662,3370],{"class":102},[66,161664,13263],{"class":478},[66,161666,121],{"class":102},[66,161668,13268],{"class":478},[66,161670,121],{"class":102},[66,161672,28686],{"class":478},[66,161674,3383],{"class":102},[66,161676,161677],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161678,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,161680,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,161682,5710],{"class":3627},[66,161684,35758],{"class":72},[66,161686,121],{"class":102},[66,161688,4860],{"class":72},[66,161690,3634],{"class":3627},[66,161692,161161],{"class":137},[66,161694,110],{"class":102},[66,161696,4793],{"class":106},[66,161698,121],{"class":102},[66,161700,4865],{"class":106},[66,161702,8100],{"class":102},[66,161704,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,161706,7826],{"class":137},[66,161708,110],{"class":102},[66,161710,22058],{"class":1797},[66,161712,113],{"class":84},[66,161714,9039],{"class":478},[66,161716,7423],{"class":106},[66,161718,22067],{"class":478},[66,161720,161721],{"class":84}," scored ",[66,161723,9039],{"class":478},[66,161725,85284],{"class":106},[66,161727,22067],{"class":478},[66,161729,113],{"class":84},[66,161731,131],{"class":102},[20,161733,148],{},[57,161735,161737],{"className":59,"code":161736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161738,161739,161746,161753],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161740,161741,161744],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161742,161743],{"class":72},"Ana scored ",[66,161745,32904],{"class":478},[66,161747,161748,161751],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161749,161750],{"class":72},"Ben scored ",[66,161752,32909],{"class":478},[66,161754,161755,161758],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161756,161757],{"class":72},"Cara scored ",[66,161759,32914],{"class":478},[20,161761,44697],{},[33,161763,161764,161773,161776],{},[36,161765,161766,161769,161770],{},[15,161767,161768],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161771,161772],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[36,161774,161775],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[36,161777,161778,798,161780,161782],{},[15,161779,7423],{},[15,161781,85284],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161784,161785,161786,103],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[200,161787,69377],{"href":69376},[52,161789,161791],{"id":161790},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161793,161794,161796],{},[15,161795,64084],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161798,161799],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[57,161801,161803],{"className":59,"code":161802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161804,161805,161846,161862,161866,161890],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161806,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161842,161844],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161808,4749],{"class":72},[66,161810,77],{"class":76},[66,161812,3370],{"class":102},[66,161814,113],{"class":80},[66,161816,12643],{"class":84},[66,161818,113],{"class":80},[66,161820,121],{"class":102},[66,161822,81],{"class":80},[66,161824,35707],{"class":84},[66,161826,113],{"class":80},[66,161828,121],{"class":102},[66,161830,81],{"class":80},[66,161832,35716],{"class":84},[66,161834,113],{"class":80},[66,161836,121],{"class":102},[66,161838,81],{"class":80},[66,161840,161841],{"class":84},"Dan",[66,161843,113],{"class":80},[66,161845,3383],{"class":102},[66,161847,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161849,4818],{"class":72},[66,161851,77],{"class":76},[66,161853,3370],{"class":102},[66,161855,13263],{"class":478},[66,161857,121],{"class":102},[66,161859,13268],{"class":478},[66,161861,3383],{"class":102},[66,161863,161864],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161865,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,161867,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,161869,5710],{"class":3627},[66,161871,35758],{"class":72},[66,161873,121],{"class":102},[66,161875,4860],{"class":72},[66,161877,3634],{"class":3627},[66,161879,161161],{"class":137},[66,161881,110],{"class":102},[66,161883,4793],{"class":106},[66,161885,121],{"class":102},[66,161887,4865],{"class":106},[66,161889,8100],{"class":102},[66,161891,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,161893,7826],{"class":137},[66,161895,110],{"class":102},[66,161897,7423],{"class":106},[66,161899,121],{"class":102},[66,161901,130600],{"class":106},[66,161903,131],{"class":102},[20,161905,148],{},[57,161907,161909],{"className":59,"code":161908,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161910,161911,161917],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161912,161913,161915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161914,133617],{"class":72},[66,161916,32904],{"class":478},[66,161918,161919,161921],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161920,161203],{"class":72},[66,161922,32909],{"class":478},[20,161924,2019,161925,798,161928,161931],{},[15,161926,161927],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161929,161930],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161933,161934],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[57,161936,161938],{"className":59,"code":161937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161939,161940,161980,161996,162000],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161941,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161943,4749],{"class":72},[66,161945,77],{"class":76},[66,161947,3370],{"class":102},[66,161949,113],{"class":80},[66,161951,12643],{"class":84},[66,161953,113],{"class":80},[66,161955,121],{"class":102},[66,161957,81],{"class":80},[66,161959,35707],{"class":84},[66,161961,113],{"class":80},[66,161963,121],{"class":102},[66,161965,81],{"class":80},[66,161967,35716],{"class":84},[66,161969,113],{"class":80},[66,161971,121],{"class":102},[66,161973,81],{"class":80},[66,161975,161841],{"class":84},[66,161977,113],{"class":80},[66,161979,3383],{"class":102},[66,161981,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,161983,4818],{"class":72},[66,161985,77],{"class":76},[66,161987,3370],{"class":102},[66,161989,13263],{"class":478},[66,161991,121],{"class":102},[66,161993,13268],{"class":478},[66,161995,3383],{"class":102},[66,161997,161998],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,161999,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162001,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162003,138],{"class":137},[66,162005,110],{"class":102},[66,162007,10924],{"class":137},[66,162009,110],{"class":102},[66,162011,4793],{"class":106},[66,162013,8994],{"class":102},[66,162015,38152],{"class":137},[66,162017,110],{"class":102},[66,162019,16151],{"class":106},[66,162021,1330],{"class":102},[20,162023,148],{},[57,162025,162027],{"className":59,"code":162026,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4 2\n",[15,162028,162029],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162030,162031,162033],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162032,2241],{"class":478},[66,162034,45356],{"class":478},[20,162036,162037,162038,103],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162039,64084],{},[52,162041,91871,162043,162045],{"id":162042},"converting-zip-output",[15,162044,64084],{}," output",[20,162047,28827,162048,162050],{},[15,162049,64084],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[258,162052,160,162054],{"id":162053},"use-listzip",[15,162055,162056],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162058,162059],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[57,162061,162063],{"className":59,"code":162062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162064,162065,162097,162117,162121,162143],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162066,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162068,4749],{"class":72},[66,162070,77],{"class":76},[66,162072,3370],{"class":102},[66,162074,113],{"class":80},[66,162076,12643],{"class":84},[66,162078,113],{"class":80},[66,162080,121],{"class":102},[66,162082,81],{"class":80},[66,162084,35707],{"class":84},[66,162086,113],{"class":80},[66,162088,121],{"class":102},[66,162090,81],{"class":80},[66,162092,35716],{"class":84},[66,162094,113],{"class":80},[66,162096,3383],{"class":102},[66,162098,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162100,4818],{"class":72},[66,162102,77],{"class":76},[66,162104,3370],{"class":102},[66,162106,13263],{"class":478},[66,162108,121],{"class":102},[66,162110,13268],{"class":478},[66,162112,121],{"class":102},[66,162114,28686],{"class":478},[66,162116,3383],{"class":102},[66,162118,162119],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162120,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162122,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162124,8976],{"class":72},[66,162126,77],{"class":76},[66,162128,22324],{"class":2641},[66,162130,110],{"class":102},[66,162132,64154],{"class":137},[66,162134,110],{"class":102},[66,162136,4793],{"class":106},[66,162138,121],{"class":102},[66,162140,4865],{"class":106},[66,162142,1330],{"class":102},[66,162144,162145,162147,162149,162151],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,162146,138],{"class":137},[66,162148,110],{"class":102},[66,162150,9023],{"class":106},[66,162152,131],{"class":102},[20,162154,148],{},[57,162156,162158],{"className":59,"code":162157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162159,162160],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162161,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162163,21504],{"class":102},[66,162165,3044],{"class":80},[66,162167,12643],{"class":84},[66,162169,3044],{"class":80},[66,162171,121],{"class":102},[66,162173,19661],{"class":478},[66,162175,8994],{"class":102},[66,162177,8997],{"class":102},[66,162179,3044],{"class":80},[66,162181,35707],{"class":84},[66,162183,3044],{"class":80},[66,162185,121],{"class":102},[66,162187,13268],{"class":478},[66,162189,8994],{"class":102},[66,162191,8997],{"class":102},[66,162193,3044],{"class":80},[66,162195,35716],{"class":84},[66,162197,3044],{"class":80},[66,162199,121],{"class":102},[66,162201,28686],{"class":478},[66,162203,9010],{"class":102},[258,162205,160,162207],{"id":162206},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162208,162209],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162211,162212],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[57,162214,162216],{"className":59,"code":162215,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162217,162218,162250,162278,162282,162304],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162219,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162221,17005],{"class":72},[66,162223,77],{"class":76},[66,162225,3370],{"class":102},[66,162227,113],{"class":80},[66,162229,7423],{"class":84},[66,162231,113],{"class":80},[66,162233,121],{"class":102},[66,162235,81],{"class":80},[66,162237,9060],{"class":84},[66,162239,113],{"class":80},[66,162241,121],{"class":102},[66,162243,81],{"class":80},[66,162245,10171],{"class":84},[66,162247,113],{"class":80},[66,162249,3383],{"class":102},[66,162251,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162253,3573],{"class":72},[66,162255,77],{"class":76},[66,162257,3370],{"class":102},[66,162259,113],{"class":80},[66,162261,12643],{"class":84},[66,162263,113],{"class":80},[66,162265,121],{"class":102},[66,162267,9067],{"class":478},[66,162269,121],{"class":102},[66,162271,81],{"class":80},[66,162273,15793],{"class":84},[66,162275,113],{"class":80},[66,162277,3383],{"class":102},[66,162279,162280],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162281,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162283,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162285,12965],{"class":72},[66,162287,77],{"class":76},[66,162289,8931],{"class":2641},[66,162291,110],{"class":102},[66,162293,64154],{"class":137},[66,162295,110],{"class":102},[66,162297,16686],{"class":106},[66,162299,121],{"class":102},[66,162301,3637],{"class":106},[66,162303,1330],{"class":102},[66,162305,162306,162308,162310,162312],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,162307,138],{"class":137},[66,162309,110],{"class":102},[66,162311,17070],{"class":106},[66,162313,131],{"class":102},[20,162315,148],{},[57,162317,162319],{"className":59,"code":162318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162320,162321],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162322,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162324,9039],{"class":102},[66,162326,3044],{"class":80},[66,162328,7423],{"class":84},[66,162330,3044],{"class":80},[66,162332,1111],{"class":102},[66,162334,3039],{"class":80},[66,162336,12643],{"class":84},[66,162338,3044],{"class":80},[66,162340,121],{"class":102},[66,162342,3039],{"class":80},[66,162344,9060],{"class":84},[66,162346,3044],{"class":80},[66,162348,1111],{"class":102},[66,162350,9067],{"class":478},[66,162352,121],{"class":102},[66,162354,3039],{"class":80},[66,162356,10171],{"class":84},[66,162358,3044],{"class":80},[66,162360,1111],{"class":102},[66,162362,3039],{"class":80},[66,162364,15793],{"class":84},[66,162366,3044],{"class":80},[66,162368,9070],{"class":102},[20,162370,162371,162372,103],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[200,162373,30854],{"href":30853},[258,162375,162377],{"id":162376},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162379,162380],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[57,162382,162384],{"className":59,"code":162383,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162385,162386,162410,162426,162430,162448,162452,162466],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162387,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162389,4749],{"class":72},[66,162391,77],{"class":76},[66,162393,3370],{"class":102},[66,162395,113],{"class":80},[66,162397,12643],{"class":84},[66,162399,113],{"class":80},[66,162401,121],{"class":102},[66,162403,81],{"class":80},[66,162405,35707],{"class":84},[66,162407,113],{"class":80},[66,162409,3383],{"class":102},[66,162411,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162413,4818],{"class":72},[66,162415,77],{"class":76},[66,162417,3370],{"class":102},[66,162419,13263],{"class":478},[66,162421,121],{"class":102},[66,162423,13268],{"class":478},[66,162425,3383],{"class":102},[66,162427,162428],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162429,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162431,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162433,8976],{"class":72},[66,162435,77],{"class":76},[66,162437,161161],{"class":137},[66,162439,110],{"class":102},[66,162441,4793],{"class":106},[66,162443,121],{"class":102},[66,162445,4865],{"class":106},[66,162447,131],{"class":102},[66,162449,162450],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,162451,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162453,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,162455,138],{"class":137},[66,162457,110],{"class":102},[66,162459,7851],{"class":2641},[66,162461,110],{"class":102},[66,162463,9023],{"class":106},[66,162465,1330],{"class":102},[66,162467,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,162469,138],{"class":137},[66,162471,110],{"class":102},[66,162473,7851],{"class":2641},[66,162475,110],{"class":102},[66,162477,9023],{"class":106},[66,162479,1330],{"class":102},[20,162481,148],{},[57,162483,162485],{"className":59,"code":162484,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162486,162487,162517],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162488,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162490,21504],{"class":102},[66,162492,3044],{"class":80},[66,162494,12643],{"class":84},[66,162496,3044],{"class":80},[66,162498,121],{"class":102},[66,162500,19661],{"class":478},[66,162502,8994],{"class":102},[66,162504,8997],{"class":102},[66,162506,3044],{"class":80},[66,162508,35707],{"class":84},[66,162510,3044],{"class":80},[66,162512,121],{"class":102},[66,162514,13268],{"class":478},[66,162516,9010],{"class":102},[66,162518,162519],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162520,38063],{"class":102},[20,162522,162523],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162525,162526,162527,103],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[200,162528,4891],{"href":5340},[52,162530,40813],{"id":40812},[20,162532,162533,162534,103],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162535,64084],{},[258,162537,162539],{"id":162538},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[57,162541,162543],{"className":59,"code":162542,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162544,162545,162577,162597,162601,162625],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162546,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162548,4749],{"class":72},[66,162550,77],{"class":76},[66,162552,3370],{"class":102},[66,162554,113],{"class":80},[66,162556,12643],{"class":84},[66,162558,113],{"class":80},[66,162560,121],{"class":102},[66,162562,81],{"class":80},[66,162564,35707],{"class":84},[66,162566,113],{"class":80},[66,162568,121],{"class":102},[66,162570,81],{"class":80},[66,162572,35716],{"class":84},[66,162574,113],{"class":80},[66,162576,3383],{"class":102},[66,162578,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162580,4818],{"class":72},[66,162582,77],{"class":76},[66,162584,3370],{"class":102},[66,162586,13263],{"class":478},[66,162588,121],{"class":102},[66,162590,13268],{"class":478},[66,162592,121],{"class":102},[66,162594,28686],{"class":478},[66,162596,3383],{"class":102},[66,162598,162599],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162600,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162602,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162604,5710],{"class":3627},[66,162606,35758],{"class":72},[66,162608,121],{"class":102},[66,162610,4860],{"class":72},[66,162612,3634],{"class":3627},[66,162614,161161],{"class":137},[66,162616,110],{"class":102},[66,162618,4793],{"class":106},[66,162620,121],{"class":102},[66,162622,4865],{"class":106},[66,162624,8100],{"class":102},[66,162626,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,162628,7826],{"class":137},[66,162630,110],{"class":102},[66,162632,22058],{"class":1797},[66,162634,113],{"class":84},[66,162636,9039],{"class":478},[66,162638,7423],{"class":106},[66,162640,22067],{"class":478},[66,162642,22070],{"class":84},[66,162644,9039],{"class":478},[66,162646,85284],{"class":106},[66,162648,22067],{"class":478},[66,162650,113],{"class":84},[66,162652,131],{"class":102},[258,162654,162656],{"id":162655},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[57,162658,162660],{"className":59,"code":162659,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162661,162662,162694,162718,162722,162744],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162663,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162665,17005],{"class":72},[66,162667,77],{"class":76},[66,162669,3370],{"class":102},[66,162671,113],{"class":80},[66,162673,12412],{"class":84},[66,162675,113],{"class":80},[66,162677,121],{"class":102},[66,162679,81],{"class":80},[66,162681,7423],{"class":84},[66,162683,113],{"class":80},[66,162685,121],{"class":102},[66,162687,81],{"class":80},[66,162689,15583],{"class":84},[66,162691,113],{"class":80},[66,162693,3383],{"class":102},[66,162695,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162697,3573],{"class":72},[66,162699,77],{"class":76},[66,162701,3370],{"class":102},[66,162703,46359],{"class":478},[66,162705,121],{"class":102},[66,162707,81],{"class":80},[66,162709,12643],{"class":84},[66,162711,113],{"class":80},[66,162713,121],{"class":102},[66,162715,3668],{"class":3602},[66,162717,3383],{"class":102},[66,162719,162720],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162721,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162723,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162725,8926],{"class":72},[66,162727,77],{"class":76},[66,162729,8931],{"class":2641},[66,162731,110],{"class":102},[66,162733,64154],{"class":137},[66,162735,110],{"class":102},[66,162737,16686],{"class":106},[66,162739,121],{"class":102},[66,162741,3637],{"class":106},[66,162743,1330],{"class":102},[66,162745,162746,162748,162750,162752],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,162747,138],{"class":137},[66,162749,110],{"class":102},[66,162751,8965],{"class":106},[66,162753,131],{"class":102},[258,162755,162757],{"id":162756},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[57,162759,162761],{"className":59,"code":162760,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162762,162763,162783,162803,162807,162832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162764,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162766,80422],{"class":72},[66,162768,77],{"class":76},[66,162770,3370],{"class":102},[66,162772,2064],{"class":478},[66,162774,121],{"class":102},[66,162776,7546],{"class":478},[66,162778,121],{"class":102},[66,162780,7551],{"class":478},[66,162782,3383],{"class":102},[66,162784,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162786,80443],{"class":72},[66,162788,77],{"class":76},[66,162790,3370],{"class":102},[66,162792,2064],{"class":478},[66,162794,121],{"class":102},[66,162796,9067],{"class":478},[66,162798,121],{"class":102},[66,162800,7551],{"class":478},[66,162802,3383],{"class":102},[66,162804,162805],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162806,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162808,162809,162811,162813,162815,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162810,5710],{"class":3627},[66,162812,56656],{"class":72},[66,162814,121],{"class":102},[66,162816,162817],{"class":72}," b ",[66,162819,3634],{"class":3627},[66,162821,161161],{"class":137},[66,162823,110],{"class":102},[66,162825,111510],{"class":106},[66,162827,121],{"class":102},[66,162829,80486],{"class":106},[66,162831,8100],{"class":102},[66,162833,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,162835,7826],{"class":137},[66,162837,110],{"class":102},[66,162839,2291],{"class":106},[66,162841,4441],{"class":76},[66,162843,2296],{"class":106},[66,162845,131],{"class":102},[20,162847,148],{},[57,162849,162851],{"className":59,"code":162850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162852,162853,162857,162861],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162854,162855],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162856,3732],{"class":3602},[66,162858,162859],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162860,3793],{"class":3602},[66,162862,162863],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162864,3732],{"class":3602},[258,162866,162868],{"id":162867},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[57,162870,162872],{"className":59,"code":162871,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162873,162874,162909,162932,162936,162963],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162875,162876,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162896,162898,162900,162902,162905,162907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162877,162878],{"class":72},"products ",[66,162880,77],{"class":76},[66,162882,3370],{"class":102},[66,162884,113],{"class":80},[66,162886,24906],{"class":84},[66,162888,113],{"class":80},[66,162890,121],{"class":102},[66,162892,81],{"class":80},[66,162894,162895],{"class":84},"Pen",[66,162897,113],{"class":80},[66,162899,121],{"class":102},[66,162901,81],{"class":80},[66,162903,162904],{"class":84},"Bag",[66,162906,113],{"class":80},[66,162908,3383],{"class":102},[66,162910,162911,162913,162915,162917,162920,162922,162925,162927,162930],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,162912,82812],{"class":72},[66,162914,77],{"class":76},[66,162916,3370],{"class":102},[66,162918,162919],{"class":478},"12.5",[66,162921,121],{"class":102},[66,162923,162924],{"class":478}," 1.2",[66,162926,121],{"class":102},[66,162928,162929],{"class":478}," 25.0",[66,162931,3383],{"class":102},[66,162933,162934],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,162935,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,162937,162938,162940,162942,162944,162947,162949,162951,162953,162956,162958,162961],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,162939,5710],{"class":3627},[66,162941,24967],{"class":72},[66,162943,121],{"class":102},[66,162945,162946],{"class":72}," price ",[66,162948,3634],{"class":3627},[66,162950,161161],{"class":137},[66,162952,110],{"class":102},[66,162954,162955],{"class":106},"products",[66,162957,121],{"class":102},[66,162959,162960],{"class":106}," prices",[66,162962,8100],{"class":102},[66,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,162966,7826],{"class":137},[66,162968,110],{"class":102},[66,162970,22058],{"class":1797},[66,162972,113],{"class":84},[66,162974,9039],{"class":478},[66,162976,26774],{"class":106},[66,162978,22067],{"class":478},[66,162980,162981],{"class":84}," costs $",[66,162983,9039],{"class":478},[66,162985,24915],{"class":106},[66,162987,22067],{"class":478},[66,162989,113],{"class":84},[66,162991,131],{"class":102},[20,162993,36369,162994,103],{},[200,162995,162997],{"href":162996},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[52,162999,163001,163002],{"id":163000},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163003,64084],{},[258,163005,1119,163007,163009],{"id":163006},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163008,64084],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163011,163012,163014],{},[15,163013,64084],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163016,163017],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[57,163019,163021],{"className":59,"code":163020,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163022,163023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163024,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163026,138],{"class":137},[66,163028,110],{"class":102},[66,163030,10924],{"class":137},[66,163032,110],{"class":102},[66,163034,111510],{"class":106},[66,163036,8994],{"class":102},[66,163038,38152],{"class":137},[66,163040,110],{"class":102},[66,163042,80709],{"class":106},[66,163044,1330],{"class":102},[258,163046,163048],{"id":163047},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163050,68600],{},[57,163052,163054],{"className":59,"code":163053,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163055,163056,163092,163096,163109,163119,163123,163135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163057,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163059,8976],{"class":72},[66,163061,77],{"class":76},[66,163063,161161],{"class":137},[66,163065,2726],{"class":102},[66,163067,2729],{"class":478},[66,163069,121],{"class":102},[66,163071,561],{"class":478},[66,163073,17824],{"class":102},[66,163075,3370],{"class":102},[66,163077,113],{"class":80},[66,163079,200],{"class":84},[66,163081,113],{"class":80},[66,163083,121],{"class":102},[66,163085,81],{"class":80},[66,163087,4514],{"class":84},[66,163089,113],{"class":80},[66,163091,3640],{"class":102},[66,163093,163094],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,163095,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,163097,163098,163100,163102,163104,163107],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,163099,5710],{"class":3627},[66,163101,5713],{"class":72},[66,163103,3634],{"class":3627},[66,163105,163106],{"class":72}," pairs",[66,163108,6146],{"class":102},[66,163110,163111,163113,163115,163117],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,163112,7826],{"class":137},[66,163114,110],{"class":102},[66,163116,23075],{"class":106},[66,163118,131],{"class":102},[66,163120,163121],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,163122,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,163124,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133],{"class":68,"line":3147},[66,163126,5710],{"class":3627},[66,163128,5713],{"class":72},[66,163130,3634],{"class":3627},[66,163132,163106],{"class":72},[66,163134,6146],{"class":102},[66,163136,163137,163139,163141,163143],{"class":68,"line":6168},[66,163138,7826],{"class":137},[66,163140,110],{"class":102},[66,163142,23075],{"class":106},[66,163144,131],{"class":102},[20,163146,163147],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[258,163149,163151],{"id":163150},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163153,163154],{},"This is correct:",[57,163156,163158],{"className":59,"code":163157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163159,163160,163184,163200,163204,163228],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163161,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163163,4749],{"class":72},[66,163165,77],{"class":76},[66,163167,3370],{"class":102},[66,163169,113],{"class":80},[66,163171,12643],{"class":84},[66,163173,113],{"class":80},[66,163175,121],{"class":102},[66,163177,81],{"class":80},[66,163179,35707],{"class":84},[66,163181,113],{"class":80},[66,163183,3383],{"class":102},[66,163185,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,163187,4818],{"class":72},[66,163189,77],{"class":76},[66,163191,3370],{"class":102},[66,163193,13263],{"class":478},[66,163195,121],{"class":102},[66,163197,13268],{"class":478},[66,163199,3383],{"class":102},[66,163201,163202],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,163203,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,163205,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,163207,5710],{"class":3627},[66,163209,35758],{"class":72},[66,163211,121],{"class":102},[66,163213,4860],{"class":72},[66,163215,3634],{"class":3627},[66,163217,161161],{"class":137},[66,163219,110],{"class":102},[66,163221,4793],{"class":106},[66,163223,121],{"class":102},[66,163225,4865],{"class":106},[66,163227,8100],{"class":102},[66,163229,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240],{"class":68,"line":354},[66,163231,7826],{"class":137},[66,163233,110],{"class":102},[66,163235,7423],{"class":106},[66,163237,121],{"class":102},[66,163239,130600],{"class":106},[66,163241,131],{"class":102},[20,163243,163244],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[57,163246,163248],{"className":59,"code":163247,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163249,163250,163270],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163251,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163253,5710],{"class":3627},[66,163255,5713],{"class":72},[66,163257,3634],{"class":3627},[66,163259,161161],{"class":137},[66,163261,110],{"class":102},[66,163263,4793],{"class":106},[66,163265,121],{"class":102},[66,163267,4865],{"class":106},[66,163269,8100],{"class":102},[66,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,163273,7826],{"class":137},[66,163275,110],{"class":102},[66,163277,23075],{"class":106},[66,163279,131],{"class":102},[20,163281,148],{},[57,163283,163285],{"className":59,"code":163284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163286,163287,163303],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163288,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163290,110],{"class":102},[66,163292,3044],{"class":80},[66,163294,12643],{"class":84},[66,163296,3044],{"class":80},[66,163298,121],{"class":102},[66,163300,19661],{"class":478},[66,163302,131],{"class":102},[66,163304,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,163306,110],{"class":102},[66,163308,3044],{"class":80},[66,163310,35707],{"class":84},[66,163312,3044],{"class":80},[66,163314,121],{"class":102},[66,163316,13268],{"class":478},[66,163318,131],{"class":102},[20,163320,163321],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[258,163323,8176,163325,163327,163328],{"id":163324},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163326,64084],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163329,35515],{},[20,163331,160,163332,163334],{},[15,163333,64084],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163336,160,163337,163339],{},[15,163338,35515],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[57,163341,163342],{"className":59,"code":35684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,163343,163344,163376,163380,163400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163345,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163347,4749],{"class":72},[66,163349,77],{"class":76},[66,163351,3370],{"class":102},[66,163353,113],{"class":80},[66,163355,12643],{"class":84},[66,163357,113],{"class":80},[66,163359,121],{"class":102},[66,163361,81],{"class":80},[66,163363,35707],{"class":84},[66,163365,113],{"class":80},[66,163367,121],{"class":102},[66,163369,81],{"class":80},[66,163371,35716],{"class":84},[66,163373,113],{"class":80},[66,163375,3383],{"class":102},[66,163377,163378],{"class":68,"line":91},[66,163379,339],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":338},[66,163381,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,163383,5710],{"class":3627},[66,163385,35587],{"class":72},[66,163387,121],{"class":102},[66,163389,35735],{"class":72},[66,163391,3634],{"class":3627},[66,163393,35597],{"class":137},[66,163395,110],{"class":102},[66,163397,4793],{"class":106},[66,163399,8100],{"class":102},[66,163401,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412],{"class":68,"line":342},[66,163403,7826],{"class":137},[66,163405,110],{"class":102},[66,163407,35612],{"class":106},[66,163409,121],{"class":102},[66,163411,35758],{"class":106},[66,163413,131],{"class":102},[20,163415,163416,163417,103],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[200,163418,3321,163419,3254],{"href":91783},[15,163420,35515],{},[52,163422,1518],{"id":1517},[258,163424,4897,163426,4900],{"id":163425},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163427,64084],{},[20,163429,163430],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[258,163432,1522,163434,163436],{"id":163433},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163435,64084],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163438,163439],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[258,163441,163443,163444,2228],{"id":163442},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163445,64084],{},[20,163447,163448,163449,103],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163450,162056],{},[258,163452,163454,163455,2228],{"id":163453},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163456,64084],{},[20,163458,127969,163459,163461],{},[15,163460,162209],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[258,163463,163465],{"id":163464},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163467,163468],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[52,163470,1620],{"id":1619},[33,163472,163473,163478,163484,163488,163492],{},[36,163474,163475],{},[200,163476,163477],{"href":162996},"How to use zip in Python",[36,163479,163480],{},[200,163481,3321,163482,3254],{"href":91783},[15,163483,35515],{},[36,163485,163486],{},[200,163487,4971],{"href":5340},[36,163489,163490],{},[200,163491,69453],{"href":69376},[36,163493,163494],{},[200,163495,32028],{"href":30853},[1651,163497,163498],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":91,"depth":91,"links":163500},[163501,163502,163504,163505,163506,163507,163515,163521,163530,163541],{"id":54,"depth":91,"text":55},{"id":161220,"depth":91,"text":163503},"What zip() does",{"id":1890,"depth":91,"text":1891},{"id":161613,"depth":91,"text":161614},{"id":161790,"depth":91,"text":161791},{"id":162042,"depth":91,"text":163508,"children":163509},"Converting zip() output",[163510,163512,163514],{"id":162053,"depth":134,"text":163511},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162206,"depth":134,"text":163513},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162376,"depth":134,"text":162377},{"id":40812,"depth":91,"text":40813,"children":163516},[163517,163518,163519,163520],{"id":162538,"depth":134,"text":162539},{"id":162655,"depth":134,"text":162656},{"id":162756,"depth":134,"text":162757},{"id":162867,"depth":134,"text":162868},{"id":163000,"depth":91,"text":163522,"children":163523},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163524,163526,163527,163528],{"id":163006,"depth":134,"text":163525},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163047,"depth":134,"text":163048},{"id":163150,"depth":134,"text":163151},{"id":163324,"depth":134,"text":163529},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1517,"depth":91,"text":1518,"children":163531},[163532,163534,163536,163538,163540],{"id":163425,"depth":134,"text":163533},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163433,"depth":134,"text":163535},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163442,"depth":134,"text":163537},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163453,"depth":134,"text":163539},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163464,"depth":134,"text":163465},{"id":1619,"depth":91,"text":1620},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161062,"description":163542},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944951095]